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从供选择的答案中选出应填入下列叙述中( )内的正确答案: 视觉上对彩色的感觉有3个特征,反映颜色种类的特征叫(A) ,反映颜色深浅程度的叫(B) ,二者有时通称为(C) ,另外还有一个特征叫(D)...
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中级数据库系统工程师《简单单选》真题及答案
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TheRationalUnifiedProcessRUPisasoftwareengineeringprocesswhichcapturesmanyofbestpracticesinmodemsoftwaredevelopment.Thenotionsof36andscenarioshavebeenproventobeanexcellentwaytocapturefunctionrequirements.RUPcanbedescribedintwodimensions-timeandcontent.Inthetimedimensionthesoftwarelifecycleisbrokenintocycles.Eachcycleisdividedintofourconsecutive37whichisconcludedwithawell-defined38andcanbefurtherbrokendowninto39-acompletedevelopmentloopresultinginareleaseofanexecutableproductasubsetofthefinalproductunderdevelopmentwhichgrowsincrementallytobecomethefinalsystem.Thecontentstructurereferstothedisciplineswhichgroup40logicallybynature. 36
Therelationaldatabasemodelrequiresthedatabe110throughprogramsthatdon’trelyonthepositionofthedatainthedatabase.Thisisindirect111totheotherdatabasemodewheretheprogramhastofollowaseriesofpointerstothedataitseeks.Aprogram112arelationaldatabasesimplyasksforthedataitseeks;theDBMSperformsthenecessarysearchesand113theinformation.The114onhowthesearchisdonearespecifictotheDBMSandvaryfromproducttoproduct. 111是
31analysisemphasizesthedrawingofpictorialsystemmodelstodocumentandvalidatebothexistingand/orproposedsystems.Ultimatelythesystemmodelsbecomethe32fordesigningandconstructinganimprovedsystem.33issuchatechnique.Theemphasisinthistechniqueisprocess-centered.Systemsanalystsdrawaseriesofprocessmodelscalled34.35isanothersuchtechniquethatintegratesdataandprocessconcernsintoconstructscalledobjects. 32是
TheRationalUnifiedProcessRUPisasoftwareengineeringprocesswhichcapturesmanyofbestpracticesinmodemsoftwaredevelopment.Thenotionsof36andscenarioshavebeenproventobeanexcellentwaytocapturefunctionrequirements.RUPcanbedescribedintwodimensions-timeandcontent.Inthetimedimensionthesoftwarelifecycleisbrokenintocycles.Eachcycleisdividedintofourconsecutive37whichisconcludedwithawell-defined38andcanbefurtherbrokendowninto39-acompletedevelopmentloopresultinginareleaseofanexecutableproductasubsetofthefinalproductunderdevelopmentwhichgrowsincrementallytobecomethefinalsystem.Thecontentstructurereferstothedisciplineswhichgroup40logicallybynature. 38
Thepurposeoftherequirementsdefinitionphaseistoproduceaclearcompleteconsistentandtestable6ofthetechnicalrequirementsforthesoftwareproduct. Duringtherequirementsdefinitionphasetherequirementsdefinitionteamusesaniterativeprocesstoexpandabroadstatementofthesystemrequirementsintoacompleteanddetailedspecificationofeachfunctionthatthesoftwaremustperformandeach7thatitmustmeet.Thestartingpointisusuallyasetofhigh-levelrequirementsfromthe8thatdescribetheprojectorproblem. Ineithercasetherequirementsdefinitionteamformulatesanoverallconceptforthesystemandthendefines9showinghowthesystemwillbeoperatedpublishesthesystemandoperationsconceptdocumentandconductsasystemconceptreviewSCR. FollowingtheSCRtheteamderives10requirementsforthesystemfromthehighlevelrequirementsandthesystemandoperationsconcept.Usingstructuredorobject-orientedanalysistheteamspecifiesthesoftwarefunctionsandalgorithmsneededtosatisfyeachdetailedrequirement. 10
WhilemostrecentattentionintheAIfieldhasbeenfocusedonexpertsystemsoftwareAI66hasalsoseendramaticadvances.Activityinthepastyearswascharacterizedbynewlow-costpowerfulLispmachinestheintroductionofAIworkstationsLispcompilersbecomingavailableforallmajorprofessionalandengineeringworkstationsandthepersonalcomputeremergingasa67.toolforexpertsystemdevelopment.Thenextfewyearswillseethistechnologyevolvesfurther. Becausethe68ofanAIcomputerrepresentsasizableinvestmentcompaniesshouldcarefully69alloptionsthatareavailableaswellashaveagoodideaofwhatthenextgenerationofsystemswillofferinorderto70theoptimumsystem.Thispublicationprovidestheinformationnecessarytogainthisunderstanding. 68是
Thepurposeoftherequirementsdefinitionphaseistoproduceaclearcompleteconsistentandtestable6ofthetechnicalrequirementsforthesoftwareproduct. Duringtherequirementsdefinitionphasetherequirementsdefinitionteamusesaniterativeprocesstoexpandabroadstatementofthesystemrequirementsintoacompleteanddetailedspecificationofeachfunctionthatthesoftwaremustperformandeach7thatitmustmeet.Thestartingpointisusuallyasetofhigh-levelrequirementsfromthe8thatdescribetheprojectorproblem. Ineithercasetherequirementsdefinitionteamformulatesanoverallconceptforthesystemandthendefines9showinghowthesystemwillbeoperatedpublishesthesystemandoperationsconceptdocumentandconductsasystemconceptreviewSCR. FollowingtheSCRtheteamderives10requirementsforthesystemfromthehighlevelrequirementsandthesystemandoperationsconcept.Usingstructuredorobject-orientedanalysistheteamspecifiesthesoftwarefunctionsandalgorithmsneededtosatisfyeachdetailedrequirement. 8
Object-orientedDBMSintegratedavarietyof81datatypes-suchasbusinessproceduresgraphicspicturesvoiceandannotatedtext. Objectorientationalsomakesa82toapplicationdevelopmentefficiency.Itmakesthedatafunctionsattributesandrelationshipsanintegralpartofthe83.Inthiswayobjectscanbereusedandreplicated. SomeleadingRDBMSvendorssupporttheconceptofintegratingobjectmanagementcapabilitieswiththeircurrentlineofrelationalproducts.Thatcapabilityenableuserstothedevelopmentcyclesinceintegritylogicandbusinessrolesnolongerneedtobeprogrammed84eachapplication. 81是
Withthewidespreaduseofthepersonalcomputermanyauthoritiesinthefieldof56havepointedouttheneedforcomputerliteracy. Unfortunatelythereisno57agreementastowhattheterm"computerliteracy"means.Somefeelthatcomputerliteracymeansknowinghowtomakethecomputer"compute";thatisknowinghowtoprogramcomputersinoneormoreprogramminglanguages. Othersfeelthatknowinghowtoprogramismerelyasmallsegmentofcomputerliteracy.Thesepeople58themajoremphasisinschoolsshouldbeonteachinghowtoeffectivelyusethemanysoftwarepackagesthatareavailable. Stillotherssuggestthatcomputerliteracyeducationisnotrequired.Theysuggestthatcomputersarebeingsorapidlyintegratedintooursocietythatusingacomputerwillbeas59asusingatelephoneoravideotaperecorderandthatspecialeducationwillnotbenecessary.60ofone’sdefinitionofcomputerliteracyitisrecognizedbymostthatlearningtouseacomputerisindeedanimportantskillinmodernsociety. 59
Atypical160languagecontainsanapplicativesub-languagewhichapproximatesthemathematicalabstractionsof"timeless"functionsappliedto"spaceless"valueswheretheactualoperationsequencesanduseofstoragespaceduringexpressionevaluationareorganizedbehindthe161.Inthissettingvaluesaredatastructuresoflowvolumetypicallyafewcomputerwordsorlesswhichmeansthatanillusionofspacelessnesscanberealizedbyhaving162resultsduringexpressionevaluationstoredatthediscretionofthelanguageimplementationandeffectingparameter163and164operationsthroughvaluecopying. 161是
31analysisemphasizesthedrawingofpictorialsystemmodelstodocumentandvalidatebothexistingand/orproposedsystems.Ultimatelythesystemmodelsbecomethe32fordesigningandconstructinganimprovedsystem.33issuchatechnique.Theemphasisinthistechniqueisprocess-centered.Systemsanalystsdrawaseriesofprocessmodelscalled34.35isanothersuchtechniquethatintegratesdataandprocessconcernsintoconstructscalledobjects. 34是
Alocal-areanetworkLANisacommunicationsnetworkthat125avarietyofdevicesandprovidesa126forinformationexchangeamongthosedevices.ThescopeoftheLANissmalltypicallyasinglebuildingoracluster丛ofbuildings.TheLANisusuallyownedbythesameorganizationthatownsthe127devices.TheinternaldatarateofLANisatleastseveralMb/s. ThebasicofLANcommunicationisbroadcasting.Ateachstationthereisatransmitter/receiverthatcommunicatesovera128sharedByotherstations.Atransmissionfromanyonestationis129toandreceivedbyallotherstations. 125是
Therelationaldatabasemodelrequiresthedatabe110throughprogramsthatdon’trelyonthepositionofthedatainthedatabase.Thisisindirect111totheotherdatabasemodewheretheprogramhastofollowaseriesofpointerstothedataitseeks.Aprogram112arelationaldatabasesimplyasksforthedataitseeks;theDBMSperformsthenecessarysearchesand113theinformation.The114onhowthesearchisdonearespecifictotheDBMSandvaryfromproducttoproduct. 113是
Networkmanagershavelong140practicalvoice-over-IPVOIPsolutions.VOIP141easenetworkmanagementanddecreasescostsbyconvergingacompany’stelephonyanddatainfrastructuresintoonenetwork.AndaVOIPsolutionimplementedatacompany’shead-quarterswithfar-reachingbranchofficescan142tremendousamountsof143inlongdistancephonebillsprovidedthatsolutiondeliversPOTS-likevoice144overtheInternet. 140是
Alocal-areanetworkLANisacommunicationsnetworkthat125avarietyofdevicesandprovidesa126forinformationexchangeamongthosedevices.ThescopeoftheLANissmalltypicallyasinglebuildingoracluster丛ofbuildings.TheLANisusuallyownedbythesameorganizationthatownsthe127devices.TheinternaldatarateofLANisatleastseveralMb/s. ThebasicofLANcommunicationisbroadcasting.Ateachstationthereisatransmitter/receiverthatcommunicatesovera128sharedByotherstations.Atransmissionfromanyonestationis129toandreceivedbyallotherstations. 127是
WhilemostrecentattentionintheAIfieldhasbeenfocusedonexpertsystemsoftwareAI66hasalsoseendramaticadvances.Activityinthepastyearswascharacterizedbynewlow-costpowerfulLispmachinestheintroductionofAIworkstationsLispcompilersbecomingavailableforallmajorprofessionalandengineeringworkstationsandthepersonalcomputeremergingasa67.toolforexpertsystemdevelopment.Thenextfewyearswillseethistechnologyevolvesfurther. Becausethe68ofanAIcomputerrepresentsasizableinvestmentcompaniesshouldcarefully69alloptionsthatareavailableaswellashaveagoodideaofwhatthenextgenerationofsystemswillofferinorderto70theoptimumsystem.Thispublicationprovidestheinformationnecessarytogainthisunderstanding. 70是
OriginallyintroducedbyNetscapeCommunications21areageneralmechanismwhichHTTPServersideapplicationssuchasCGI22canusetobothstoreandretrieveinformationontheHTTP23sideoftheconnection.BasicallyCookiescanbeusedtocompensateforthe24natureofHTTP.Theadditionofasimplepersistentclient-sidestatesignificantlyextendsthecapabilitiesofWWW-based25. 24
Thegrowthofswitchinghas135anewgenerationofnetworkmanagementtoolsthathelp136copewiththechallenges137themtocorrelatedevicealarmsinorderto138pinpointrootcausesortomonitorservicelevelswithoutdependingonIPsubnetschemes.Thesenewtoolshavebecomeessentialtocopingwiththeprimary139effectofanytreatmentthatsignificantlyincreasesnetworkflexibility:addedcomplexity. 137
OriginallyintroducedbyNetscapeCommunications21areageneralmechanismwhichHTTPServersideapplicationssuchasCGI22canusetobothstoreandretrieveinformationontheHTTP23sideoftheconnection.BasicallyCookiescanbeusedtocompensateforthe24natureofHTTP.Theadditionofasimplepersistentclient-sidestatesignificantlyextendsthecapabilitiesofWWW-based25. 22
In85softwareonequestionofnear-universalinterestishowrapidlyWindowsNTwhichbeganshippinglastsummerwillbe86inthemarketplaceandforwhatuses.Forthemostpartobserversare87abouttheoperatingsystem’slongtermprospectsbutexpectittoremainon88ratherthandesktopsduring1994sayingthatitwon’tbecomeamainstreamproductuntil89PCstypicallyhave16to24MBofRAMwhichisunlikelytohappennextyear. 88是
Thegrowthofswitchinghas135anewgenerationofnetworkmanagementtoolsthathelp136copewiththechallenges137themtocorrelatedevicealarmsinorderto138pinpointrootcausesortomonitorservicelevelswithoutdependingonIPsubnetschemes.Thesenewtoolshavebecomeessentialtocopingwiththeprimary139effectofanytreatmentthatsignificantlyincreasesnetworkflexibility:addedcomplexity. 139
Networkmanagershavelong140practicalvoice-over-IPVOIPsolutions.VOIP141easenetworkmanagementanddecreasescostsbyconvergingacompany’stelephonyanddatainfrastructuresintoonenetwork.AndaVOIPsolutionimplementedatacompany’shead-quarterswithfar-reachingbranchofficescan142tremendousamountsof143inlongdistancephonebillsprovidedthatsolutiondeliversPOTS-likevoice144overtheInternet. 144是
Alocal-areanetworkLANisacommunicationsnetworkthat125avarietyofdevicesandprovidesa126forinformationexchangeamongthosedevices.ThescopeoftheLANissmalltypicallyasinglebuildingoracluster丛ofbuildings.TheLANisusuallyownedbythesameorganizationthatownsthe127devices.TheinternaldatarateofLANisatleastseveralMb/s. ThebasicofLANcommunicationisbroadcasting.Ateachstationthereisatransmitter/receiverthatcommunicatesovera128sharedByotherstations.Atransmissionfromanyonestationis129toandreceivedbyallotherstations. 129是
TheRationalUnifiedProcessRUPisasoftwareengineeringprocesswhichcapturesmanyofbestpracticesinmodemsoftwaredevelopment.Thenotionsof36andscenarioshavebeenproventobeanexcellentwaytocapturefunctionrequirements.RUPcanbedescribedintwodimensions-timeandcontent.Inthetimedimensionthesoftwarelifecycleisbrokenintocycles.Eachcycleisdividedintofourconsecutive37whichisconcludedwithawell-defined38andcanbefurtherbrokendowninto39-acompletedevelopmentloopresultinginareleaseofanexecutableproductasubsetofthefinalproductunderdevelopmentwhichgrowsincrementallytobecomethefinalsystem.Thecontentstructurereferstothedisciplineswhichgroup40logicallybynature. 40
Networkmanagershavelong140practicalvoice-over-IPVOIPsolutions.VOIP141easenetworkmanagementanddecreasescostsbyconvergingacompany’stelephonyanddatainfrastructuresintoonenetwork.AndaVOIPsolutionimplementedatacompany’shead-quarterswithfar-reachingbranchofficescan142tremendousamountsof143inlongdistancephonebillsprovidedthatsolutiondeliversPOTS-likevoice144overtheInternet. 142是
Withthewidespreaduseofthepersonalcomputermanyauthoritiesinthefieldof56havepointedouttheneedforcomputerliteracy. Unfortunatelythereisno57agreementastowhattheterm"computerliteracy"means.Somefeelthatcomputerliteracymeansknowinghowtomakethecomputer"compute";thatisknowinghowtoprogramcomputersinoneormoreprogramminglanguages. Othersfeelthatknowinghowtoprogramismerelyasmallsegmentofcomputerliteracy.Thesepeople58themajoremphasisinschoolsshouldbeonteachinghowtoeffectivelyusethemanysoftwarepackagesthatareavailable. Stillotherssuggestthatcomputerliteracyeducationisnotrequired.Theysuggestthatcomputersarebeingsorapidlyintegratedintooursocietythatusingacomputerwillbeas59asusingatelephoneoravideotaperecorderandthatspecialeducationwillnotbenecessary.60ofone’sdefinitionofcomputerliteracyitisrecognizedbymostthatlearningtouseacomputerisindeedanimportantskillinmodernsociety. 57
Object-orientedDBMSintegratedavarietyof81datatypes-suchasbusinessproceduresgraphicspicturesvoiceandannotatedtext. Objectorientationalsomakesa82toapplicationdevelopmentefficiency.Itmakesthedatafunctionsattributesandrelationshipsanintegralpartofthe83.Inthiswayobjectscanbereusedandreplicated. SomeleadingRDBMSvendorssupporttheconceptofintegratingobjectmanagementcapabilitieswiththeircurrentlineofrelationalproducts.Thatcapabilityenableuserstothedevelopmentcyclesinceintegritylogicandbusinessrolesnolongerneedtobeprogrammed84eachapplication. 83是
In85softwareonequestionofnear-universalinterestishowrapidlyWindowsNTwhichbeganshippinglastsummerwillbe86inthemarketplaceandforwhatuses.Forthemostpartobserversare87abouttheoperatingsystem’slongtermprospectsbutexpectittoremainon88ratherthandesktopsduring1994sayingthatitwon’tbecomeamainstreamproductuntil89PCstypicallyhave16to24MBofRAMwhichisunlikelytohappennextyear. 86是
Thepurposeoftherequirementsdefinitionphaseistoproduceaclearcompleteconsistentandtestable6ofthetechnicalrequirementsforthesoftwareproduct. Duringtherequirementsdefinitionphasetherequirementsdefinitionteamusesaniterativeprocesstoexpandabroadstatementofthesystemrequirementsintoacompleteanddetailedspecificationofeachfunctionthatthesoftwaremustperformandeach7thatitmustmeet.Thestartingpointisusuallyasetofhigh-levelrequirementsfromthe8thatdescribetheprojectorproblem. Ineithercasetherequirementsdefinitionteamformulatesanoverallconceptforthesystemandthendefines9showinghowthesystemwillbeoperatedpublishesthesystemandoperationsconceptdocumentandconductsasystemconceptreviewSCR. FollowingtheSCRtheteamderives10requirementsforthesystemfromthehighlevelrequirementsandthesystemandoperationsconcept.Usingstructuredorobject-orientedanalysistheteamspecifiesthesoftwarefunctionsandalgorithmsneededtosatisfyeachdetailedrequirement. 6
WhilemostrecentattentionintheAIfieldhasbeenfocusedonexpertsystemsoftwareAI66hasalsoseendramaticadvances.Activityinthepastyearswascharacterizedbynewlow-costpowerfulLispmachinestheintroductionofAIworkstationsLispcompilersbecomingavailableforallmajorprofessionalandengineeringworkstationsandthepersonalcomputeremergingasa67.toolforexpertsystemdevelopment.Thenextfewyearswillseethistechnologyevolvesfurther. Becausethe68ofanAIcomputerrepresentsasizableinvestmentcompaniesshouldcarefully69alloptionsthatareavailableaswellashaveagoodideaofwhatthenextgenerationofsystemswillofferinorderto70theoptimumsystem.Thispublicationprovidestheinformationnecessarytogainthisunderstanding. 66是
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