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Text 1 The planet’s wild creatures face a new threat from yuppies, empty nesters, singletons an...
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Sharkshavegainedanunfairreputationforbeingfiercepredatorsoflargeseaanimals.Humanity’sunfoundedfearandhatredoftheseancientcreaturesisleadingtoaworldwideslaughterthatmayresultintheextinctionofmanylargercoastalsharkspecies.Thesharkisthevictimofawarpedattitudeofwildlifeprotection:westriveonlytoprotectthebeautifulnonthreateningpartsofourenvironment.Andinoureffortstorestoreonlynonthreateningpartsofourearthweignoreotherimportantparts.Aperfectillustrationofthisattitudeisthecontrastingattitudetowardsanotherlargeseaanimalthedolphin.Duringthe1980senvironmentalistsintheU.S.A.protestedtheuseofdriftnetsfortunafishinginthePacificOceansincethesenetsalsocaughtdolphins.Theenvironmentalistsgeneratedenoughpoliticalandeconomicpressuretopreventtunacompaniesfrombuyingtunathathadbeencaughtindriftnets.IncontrasttothiseffortthepopulationsofsharksinthePacificOceanhavedecreasedtothepointofextinctionandtherehasbeenverylittleeffortbythesameenvironmentaliststosavethisimportantspeciesofmarinewildlife.Sharksareamongtheoldestcreaturesonearthhavingsurvivedintheseasformorethan350millionyears.Theyareextremelyefficientanimalsfeedingonwoundedordyinganimalsthusperforminganimportantroleinnatureofweedingouttheweakeranimalsinaspecies.JustthefactthatspeciessuchastheGreatWhiteSharkhavemanagedtoliveintheoceansforsomanymillionsofyearsisenoughproofoftheirefficiencyandadaptabilitytochangingenvironments.Itistimeforhumanswhomaynotsurviveanother1000yearsattheratetheyaredamagingtheplanettoeastawaytheirfearsandbeginconsideringtheprotectionofsharksascreaturesthatmayprovideusinsightintoourownsurvival.Howdidenvironmentalistsmanagetoprotectdolphins
Thefactisthattheenergycrisiswhichhassuddenlybeenofficiallyannouncedhasbeenwithusforalongtimenowandwillbewithusforanevenlongertime.WhetherAraboilflowsfreelyornotitiscleartoeveryonethatworldindustrycannotbeallowedtodependonsofragileabase.46Thesupplyofoilcanbeshutoffunexpectedlyatanytimeandinanycasetheoilwellswillallrundryinthirtyyearsorsoatthepresentrateofuse. 47Newsourcesofenergymustbefoundandthiswilltaketimebutitisnotlikelytoresultinanysituationthatwilleverrestorethatsenseofcheapandplentifulenergywehavehadinthetimespast.Foranindefiniteperiodfromhereonmankindisgoingtoadvancecautiouslyandconsideritselfluckythatitcanadvanceatall. Tomakethesituationworsethereisasyetnosignthatanyslowingoftheworld’spopulationisinsight.Althoughthebirth-ratehasdroppedinsomenationsincludingtheUnitedStatesthepopulationoftheworldseemssuretopasssixbillionandperhapsevensevenbillionasthetwenty-firstcenturyopens. 48Thefoodsupplywillnotincreasenearlyenoughtomatchthiswhichmeansthatweareheadingintoacrisisinthematterofproducingandmarketingfood. Takingallthisintoaccountwhatmightwereasonablyestimatesupermarketstobelikeintheyear2001 Tobeginwiththeworldfoodsupplyisgoingtobecomesteadilytighteroverthenextthirtyyears—evenhereintheUnitedStates.By2001thepopulationoftheUnitedStateswillbeatleasttwohundredfiftymillionandpossiblytwohundredseventymillionandthenationwillfinditdifficulttoexpandfoodproductiontofilltheadditionalmouths.49Thiswillbeparticularlytruesinceenergypinchwillmakeitdifficulttocontinueagricultureinthehigh-energyAmericanfashionthatmakesitpossibletocombinefewfarmerswithhighyields. Itseemsalmostcertainthatby2001theUnitedStateswillnolongerbeagreatfood-exportingnationandthatifnecessityforcesexportsitwillbeatthepriceofbelt-tighteningathome. Infactasfooditemswilltendtodeclineinqualityanddecreaseinvarietythereisverylikelytobeincreasinguseofflavouringadditives.50Untilsuchtimeasmankindhasthesensetoloweritspopulationtothepointwheretheplanetcanprovideacomfortablesupportforallpeoplewillhavetoacceptmore"unnaturalfood". Thesupplyofoilcanbeshutoffunexpectedlyatanytimeandinanycasetheoilwellswillallrundryinthirtyyearsorsoatthepresentrateofuse.
Thefactisthattheenergycrisiswhichhassuddenlybeenofficiallyannouncedhasbeenwithusforalongtimenowandwillbewithusforanevenlongertime.WhetherAraboilflowsfreelyornotitiscleartoeveryonethatworldindustrycannotbeallowedtodependonsofragileabase.46Thesupplyofoilcanbeshutoffunexpectedlyatanytimeandinanycasetheoilwellswillallrundryinthirtyyearsorsoatthepresentrateofuse. 47Newsourcesofenergymustbefoundandthiswilltaketimebutitisnotlikelytoresultinanysituationthatwilleverrestorethatsenseofcheapandplentifulenergywehavehadinthetimespast.Foranindefiniteperiodfromhereonmankindisgoingtoadvancecautiouslyandconsideritselfluckythatitcanadvanceatall. Tomakethesituationworsethereisasyetnosignthatanyslowingoftheworld’spopulationisinsight.Althoughthebirth-ratehasdroppedinsomenationsincludingtheUnitedStatesthepopulationoftheworldseemssuretopasssixbillionandperhapsevensevenbillionasthetwenty-firstcenturyopens. 48Thefoodsupplywillnotincreasenearlyenoughtomatchthiswhichmeansthatweareheadingintoacrisisinthematterofproducingandmarketingfood. Takingallthisintoaccountwhatmightwereasonablyestimatesupermarketstobelikeintheyear2001 Tobeginwiththeworldfoodsupplyisgoingtobecomesteadilytighteroverthenextthirtyyears—evenhereintheUnitedStates.By2001thepopulationoftheUnitedStateswillbeatleasttwohundredfiftymillionandpossiblytwohundredseventymillionandthenationwillfinditdifficulttoexpandfoodproductiontofilltheadditionalmouths.49Thiswillbeparticularlytruesinceenergypinchwillmakeitdifficulttocontinueagricultureinthehigh-energyAmericanfashionthatmakesitpossibletocombinefewfarmerswithhighyields. Itseemsalmostcertainthatby2001theUnitedStateswillnolongerbeagreatfood-exportingnationandthatifnecessityforcesexportsitwillbeatthepriceofbelt-tighteningathome. Infactasfooditemswilltendtodeclineinqualityanddecreaseinvarietythereisverylikelytobeincreasinguseofflavouringadditives.50Untilsuchtimeasmankindhasthesensetoloweritspopulationtothepointwheretheplanetcanprovideacomfortablesupportforallpeoplewillhavetoacceptmore"unnaturalfood". Untilsuchtimeasmankindhasthesensetoloweritspopulationtothepointwheretheplanetcanprovideacomfortablesupportforallpeoplewillhavetoacceptmoreunnaturalfood.
Sharkshavegainedanunfairreputationforbeingfiercepredatorsoflargeseaanimals.Humanity’sunfoundedfearandhatredoftheseancientcreaturesisleadingtoaworldwideslaughterthatmayresultintheextinctionofmanylargercoastalsharkspecies.Thesharkisthevictimofawarpedattitudeofwildlifeprotection:westriveonlytoprotectthebeautifulnonthreateningpartsofourenvironment.Andinoureffortstorestoreonlynonthreateningpartsofourearthweignoreotherimportantparts.Aperfectillustrationofthisattitudeisthecontrastingattitudetowardsanotherlargeseaanimalthedolphin.Duringthe1980senvironmentalistsintheU.S.A.protestedtheuseofdriftnetsfortunafishinginthePacificOceansincethesenetsalsocaughtdolphins.Theenvironmentalistsgeneratedenoughpoliticalandeconomicpressuretopreventtunacompaniesfrombuyingtunathathadbeencaughtindriftnets.IncontrasttothiseffortthepopulationsofsharksinthePacificOceanhavedecreasedtothepointofextinctionandtherehasbeenverylittleeffortbythesameenvironmentaliststosavethisimportantspeciesofmarinewildlife.Sharksareamongtheoldestcreaturesonearthhavingsurvivedintheseasformorethan350millionyears.Theyareextremelyefficientanimalsfeedingonwoundedordyinganimalsthusperforminganimportantroleinnatureofweedingouttheweakeranimalsinaspecies.JustthefactthatspeciessuchastheGreatWhiteSharkhavemanagedtoliveintheoceansforsomanymillionsofyearsisenoughproofoftheirefficiencyandadaptabilitytochangingenvironments.Itistimeforhumanswhomaynotsurviveanother1000yearsattheratetheyaredamagingtheplanettoeastawaytheirfearsandbeginconsideringtheprotectionofsharksascreaturesthatmayprovideusinsightintoourownsurvival.Abouthowlonghavesharkslivedontheplanet
InancientGreeceathleticfestivalswereveryimportantandhadstrongreligiousassociation.TheOlympianathleticfestivalheldeveryfouryearsinhonourofZeuskingoftheOlympianGodseventuallylostitslocalcharacterbecamefirstanationaleventandthenaftertherulesagainstforeigncompetitorshadbeenabolishedinternational.NooneknowsexactlyhowfarbacktheOlympicGamesgobutsomeofficialrecordsdatefrom776B.C.ThegamestookplaceinAugustontheplainbyMountOlympus.ManythousandsofspectatorsgatheredfromallpartsofGreecebutnomarriedwomanwasadmittedevenasaspectator.Slaveswomenanddishonouredpersonswerenotallowedtocompete.Theexactsequenceofeventsisuncertainbuteventsincludedboy’sgymnasticsboxingwrestlinghorseracingandfieldeventsthoughtherewerefewersportsinvolvedthaninthemodernOlympicGames.OnthelastdayoftheGamesallthewinnerswerehonouredbyhavingaringofholyoliveleavesplacedontheirheads.Sogreatwasthehonourthatthewinnerofthefootracegavehisnametotheyearofhisvictory.AlthoughOlympicwinnersreceivednoprizemoneytheywereinfactrichlyrewardedbytheirstateauthorities.Howtheirresultscomparedwithmodernstandardsweunfortunatelyhavenomeansoftelling.Afteranuninterruptedhistoryofalmost1200yearstheGamesweresuspendedbytheRomansin394A.D.TheycontinuedforsuchalongtimebecausepeoplebelievedinthephilosophybehindtheOlympics:theideathatahealthybodyproducedahealthymindandthatthespiritofcompetitioninsportsandgameswaspreferabletothecompetitionthatcausedwars.Itwasover1500yearsbeforeanothersuchinternationalathleticgatheringtookplaceinAthensin1896.NowadaystheGamesareheldindifferentcountriesinturn.Thehostcountryprovidesvastfacilitiesincludingastadiumswimmingpoolsandlivingaccommodationbutcompetingcountriespaytheirownathletes’expenses.TheOlympicsstartwiththearrivalinthestadiumofatorchlightedonMountOlympusbythesun’srays.Itiscarriedbyasuccessionofrunnerstothestadium.ThetorchsymbolizedthecontinuationoftheancientGreekathleticidealsanditburnsthroughouttheGamesuntiltheclosingceremony.Thewell-knownOlympicflaghoweverisamodernconception:thefiveinterlockingringssymbolizetheunitingofallfivecontinentsparticipatingintheGames.Nowadaystheathletes’expensesarepaidfor______.
Shynessisthecauseofmuchunhappinessforagreatmanypeople.Shypeopleare1andserf-conscious;thatistheyare2concernedwiththeirownappearanceandactions.3thoughtsare4occurringintheirminds:WhatkindofimpressionamImaking Itisobviousthatsuch5feelingsmustaffectpeopleadversely.Aperson’sself-conceptis6inthewayheorshebehavesandthewayapersonbehavesaffectsotherpeople’sreactions.7thewaypeoplethinkaboutthemselveshasaprofoundeffectonallareasoftheirlives. Shypeoplehavinglow8arelikelytobepassiveandeasilyinfluencedbyothers.Theyneedreassurance9theyaredoing"thefightthing".Shypeoplearevery10tocriticism;theyfeelit11theirinferiority.Ashypersonmay12toacomplimentwithastatementlikethisone:"You’rejustsayingthattomakemefeelgood."Itisclearthat13self-awarenessisahealthyqualityoverdoingitisharmful. Canshynessbecompletely14oratleastreducedFortunatelypeoplecanovercomeshynesswithdeterminedandpatienteffortinbuildingself-confidence.Sinceshynessgoes15withlackofserf-esteemitisimportantforpeopletoaccepttheirweaknessaswellastheirstrengths.Forexamplemostpeoplewouldliketobe"A"studentsineverysubject.Itisnotfairforthemto16themselvesinferiorbecausetheyhavedifficulty17someareas.People’sexpectationsofthemselvesmustbe18 Eachoneofusisauniqueworthwhileindividual.Thebetterweunderstandourselvestheeasieritbecomesto19ourfullpotential.Let’snotallowshynesstoblockourchancesforarichand20life. 6
Shynessisthecauseofmuchunhappinessforagreatmanypeople.Shypeopleare1andserf-conscious;thatistheyare2concernedwiththeirownappearanceandactions.3thoughtsare4occurringintheirminds:WhatkindofimpressionamImaking Itisobviousthatsuch5feelingsmustaffectpeopleadversely.Aperson’sself-conceptis6inthewayheorshebehavesandthewayapersonbehavesaffectsotherpeople’sreactions.7thewaypeoplethinkaboutthemselveshasaprofoundeffectonallareasoftheirlives. Shypeoplehavinglow8arelikelytobepassiveandeasilyinfluencedbyothers.Theyneedreassurance9theyaredoing"thefightthing".Shypeoplearevery10tocriticism;theyfeelit11theirinferiority.Ashypersonmay12toacomplimentwithastatementlikethisone:"You’rejustsayingthattomakemefeelgood."Itisclearthat13self-awarenessisahealthyqualityoverdoingitisharmful. Canshynessbecompletely14oratleastreducedFortunatelypeoplecanovercomeshynesswithdeterminedandpatienteffortinbuildingself-confidence.Sinceshynessgoes15withlackofserf-esteemitisimportantforpeopletoaccepttheirweaknessaswellastheirstrengths.Forexamplemostpeoplewouldliketobe"A"studentsineverysubject.Itisnotfairforthemto16themselvesinferiorbecausetheyhavedifficulty17someareas.People’sexpectationsofthemselvesmustbe18 Eachoneofusisauniqueworthwhileindividual.Thebetterweunderstandourselvestheeasieritbecomesto19ourfullpotential.Let’snotallowshynesstoblockourchancesforarichand20life. 4
Text2 SoBig.Fwasthemorevisibleoftiletworecentwavesofinfectionbecauseitpropagateditselfbye-mailmeaningthatvictimsnoticedwhatwasgoingon.SoBig.Fwassoeffectivethatitcausedsubstantialdisruptioneventothoseprotectedbyanti-virussoftware.Thatwasbecausesomanycopiesofthevirusspreadthatmanymachineswereoverwhelmedbymessagesfromtheirownanti-virussoftware.Ontopofthatonecommoncounter-measurebackfiredincreasingtrafficstillfurthers.Anti-virussoftwareoftenbouncesawarningbacktothesenderofaninfectede-mailsayingthatthee-mailinquestioncannotbedeliveredbecauseitcontainsavirus.SoBig.Fwasabletospoofthissystemby"harvesting"e-mailaddressesfromtheharddisksofinfectedcomputers.Someoftheseaddresseswerethensentinfectede-mailsthathadbeendoctoredtolookasthoughtheyhadcomefromotherharvestedaddresses.Thelatterwerethussentwarningseventhoughtheirmachinesmaynothavebeeninfected. KevinHaleyofSymantecafirmthatmakesanti-virussoftwarethinksthatonereasonSoBig.Fwassomuchmoreeffectivethanothervirusesthatworkthiswayisbecauseitwasbetteratsearchinghard-drivesforaddresses.BrianKingofCERTaninternet-securitycenteratCarnegie-MellonUniversityinPittsburghnotethatunlikeitsprecursorsSoBig.Fwascapableof"multi-threading":itcouldsendmultiplee-mailssimultaneouslyallowingittodispatchthousandsinminutes. Blasterworkedbycreatinga"bufferoverrunintheremoteprocedurecall".InotherwordthatmeansitattackedapieceofsoftwareusedbyMicrosoft’sWindowsoperatingsystemtoallowonecomputertocontrolanother.Itdidsobycausingthatsoftwaretousetoomuchmemory. MostwormsworkbyexploitingweaknessesinanoperatingsystembutwhoeverwroteBlasterhadaparticularlyrefinedsenseofhumorsincethewebsiteunderattackwastheonefromwhichuserscouldobtainaprogramtofixtheveryweaknessinWindowsthatthewormitselfwasexploiting. OnewaytodealwithawickedwormlikeBlasteristodesignafairygodmotherwormthatgoesaroundrepairingvulnerablemachinesautomatically.InthecaseofBlastersomeoneseemstohavetriedexactlythatwithaprogramcalledWelchi.HoweveraccordingtoMr.HaleyWelchihascausedalmostasmanyproblemsasBlasteritselfbyoverwhelmingnetworkswith"pings"--signalsthatcheckedforthepresenceofothercomputers. Thoughbothoftheseprogramsfellshortoftheapparentobjectivesoftheirauthorstheystillcauseddamage.ForinstancetheyforcedtheshutdownofanumberofcomputernetworksincludingtheoneusedbytheNewYorkTimesnewsroomandtheoneorganizingtrainsoperatedbyCSXafreightcompanyonAmerica’seastcoast.Computerscientistsexpectthatitisonlyamatteroftimebeforeatrulydevastatingvirusisunleashed. WelearnfromthepassagethatWelchiis
Shynessisthecauseofmuchunhappinessforagreatmanypeople.Shypeopleare1andserf-conscious;thatistheyare2concernedwiththeirownappearanceandactions.3thoughtsare4occurringintheirminds:WhatkindofimpressionamImaking Itisobviousthatsuch5feelingsmustaffectpeopleadversely.Aperson’sself-conceptis6inthewayheorshebehavesandthewayapersonbehavesaffectsotherpeople’sreactions.7thewaypeoplethinkaboutthemselveshasaprofoundeffectonallareasoftheirlives. Shypeoplehavinglow8arelikelytobepassiveandeasilyinfluencedbyothers.Theyneedreassurance9theyaredoing"thefightthing".Shypeoplearevery10tocriticism;theyfeelit11theirinferiority.Ashypersonmay12toacomplimentwithastatementlikethisone:"You’rejustsayingthattomakemefeelgood."Itisclearthat13self-awarenessisahealthyqualityoverdoingitisharmful. Canshynessbecompletely14oratleastreducedFortunatelypeoplecanovercomeshynesswithdeterminedandpatienteffortinbuildingself-confidence.Sinceshynessgoes15withlackofserf-esteemitisimportantforpeopletoaccepttheirweaknessaswellastheirstrengths.Forexamplemostpeoplewouldliketobe"A"studentsineverysubject.Itisnotfairforthemto16themselvesinferiorbecausetheyhavedifficulty17someareas.People’sexpectationsofthemselvesmustbe18 Eachoneofusisauniqueworthwhileindividual.Thebetterweunderstandourselvestheeasieritbecomesto19ourfullpotential.Let’snotallowshynesstoblockourchancesforarichand20life. 12
Theideathatifyourhouseisbuiltintherightpositionthismayaffectyoursuccessinlifeseemsstrangetomanypeople.HowevertobelieversinFeng-Shuiortheartofgeomancynotonlythepositionbutalsothechoiceofdecorationsandeventhecolorofyourhomecanmeanthedifferencebetweengoodfortuneanddisaster.ThisarthasbeenpracticedforcenturiesinChinaandisstillusedalloverSouthEastAsia.EventhehugeHongKongbankscallinageomantiftheyareplanningtobuildnewoffices.Theyhavesuchfaithinhisknowledgethatifheadvisesthemtomovetheywillaltertheirplansforeventheirbiggestbuildings.LikemanyOrientalbeliefsthegeomant’sskilldependsontheideaofharmonyinnature.IfthereisnoimbalancebetweentheopposingforcesofYinandYangthebuildingwillbringlucktoitsinhabitants.Thismeansthatthehousemustbebuiltontherightspotaswellasfacingtherightdirectionandalsobepaintedanauspiciouscolor.Forinstanceiftherearemountainstothenorththiswillprotestthemfromevilinfluences.Ifthehouseispaintedredthiswillbringhappinesstotheoccupantswhilegreensymbolizesyouthandwillbringlonglife.Otherfactorssuchastheowner’stimeanddateofbirtharetakenintoaccounttoo.Thegeomantbelievesthatunlessalltheseareconsideredwhenchoosingasiteforconstructionthefortuneofthepeopleusingitwillbeatrisk.Indeedtoignorethegeomant’sadvicecanhavefatalresults.ThedeathoftheinternationallyfamousKung-FustarBruceLeehasbeenusedasanexample.ItissaidthatwhenLeefoundoutthatthehousehewaslivinginwasanunluckyonehefollowedageomant’sadviceandinstalledaneight-sidedmirroroutsidehisfrontdoortobringhimluck.Unfortunatelyastormdamagedthemirrorandthehousewasleftunprotectedfromharmfulinfluences.SoonafterwardsLeediedinmysteriouscircumstances.NotonlyisFeng-ShuistillusedinSouthEastAsiabutithasalsospreadrightacrosstheworld.EveninmodernNewYorkasuccessfulcommercialartistcalledMiltonGlaserhasfoundituseful.Hewassodesperateafterhisofficewasbrokenintosixtimesthatheconsultedageomant.Hewastoldtoinstallafishtankwithsixblackfishandfixaredclocktotheceiling.Sincethenhehasnotbeenburglarizedonce.Itmayseemanincrediblestorybutnoothersuitableexplanationhasbeenoffered.FromthepassagewecaninferthatFeng-ShuiisNOTusedin______.
LetusaskwhatwerethepreparationandtrainingAbrahamLincolnhadfororatorywhetherpoliticalorforensic.Borninrudeandabjectpovertyheneverhadanyeducationexceptwhathegavehimselftillhewasapproachingmanhood.Notevenbookswherewithtoinformandtrainhismindwerewithinhisreach.Noschoolnouniversitynolegalfacultyhadanypartintraininghispowers.Whenhebecamealawyerandapoliticiantheyearsmostfavourabletocontinuousstudyhadalreadypassedandtheopportunitieshefoundforreadingwereveryscanty.Heknewbutfewauthorsingeneralliteraturethoughheknewthosefewthoroughly.HetaughthimselfalittlemathematicsbuthecouldreadnolanguagesavehisownandcanhavehadonlythefaintestacquaintancewithEuropeanhistoryorwithanybranchofphilosophy.Thewantofregulareducationwasnotmadeupforbythepersonsamongwhomhislotwascast.Tillhewasagrownmanhenevermovedinanysocietyfromwhichhecouldlearnthosethingswithwhichthemindofanoratortobestored.Evenafterhehadgainedsomelegalpracticetherewasformanyyearsnooneforhimtomixwithexceptthepettypractitionersofapettytownmennearlyallofwhomknewlittlemorethanhedidhimself.Schoolsgavehimnothingandsocietygavehimnothing.Buthehadapowerfulintellectandaresolutewill.Isolationfosterednotonlyself-reliancebutthehabitofreflectionandindeedofprolongedandintensereflection.Hemadeallthatheknewapartofhimself.Hisconvictionswerehisown—clearandcoherent.Hewasnotpositiveoropinionatedandhedidnotdenythatatcertainmomentsheponderedandhesitatedlongbeforehedecidedonhiscourse.Butthoughhecouldkeepapolicyinsuspensewaitingforeventstoguidehimhedidnotwaver.Hepausedandreconsideredbutitwasneverhiswaytogobackonadecisiononcemoreortowastetimeinvainregretsthatallhehadexpectedhadnotbeenattained.Hetookadvicereadilyandleftmanythingstohisministers;buthedidnotleanonhisadvisers.Withoutvanityorostentationhewasalwaysindependentself-containedpreparedtotakefullresponsibilityforhisacts.WearealsotoldthatAbrahamLincoln______.
Shynessisthecauseofmuchunhappinessforagreatmanypeople.Shypeopleare1andserf-conscious;thatistheyare2concernedwiththeirownappearanceandactions.3thoughtsare4occurringintheirminds:WhatkindofimpressionamImaking Itisobviousthatsuch5feelingsmustaffectpeopleadversely.Aperson’sself-conceptis6inthewayheorshebehavesandthewayapersonbehavesaffectsotherpeople’sreactions.7thewaypeoplethinkaboutthemselveshasaprofoundeffectonallareasoftheirlives. Shypeoplehavinglow8arelikelytobepassiveandeasilyinfluencedbyothers.Theyneedreassurance9theyaredoing"thefightthing".Shypeoplearevery10tocriticism;theyfeelit11theirinferiority.Ashypersonmay12toacomplimentwithastatementlikethisone:"You’rejustsayingthattomakemefeelgood."Itisclearthat13self-awarenessisahealthyqualityoverdoingitisharmful. Canshynessbecompletely14oratleastreducedFortunatelypeoplecanovercomeshynesswithdeterminedandpatienteffortinbuildingself-confidence.Sinceshynessgoes15withlackofserf-esteemitisimportantforpeopletoaccepttheirweaknessaswellastheirstrengths.Forexamplemostpeoplewouldliketobe"A"studentsineverysubject.Itisnotfairforthemto16themselvesinferiorbecausetheyhavedifficulty17someareas.People’sexpectationsofthemselvesmustbe18 Eachoneofusisauniqueworthwhileindividual.Thebetterweunderstandourselvestheeasieritbecomesto19ourfullpotential.Let’snotallowshynesstoblockourchancesforarichand20life. 8
Theideathatifyourhouseisbuiltintherightpositionthismayaffectyoursuccessinlifeseemsstrangetomanypeople.HowevertobelieversinFeng-Shuiortheartofgeomancynotonlythepositionbutalsothechoiceofdecorationsandeventhecolorofyourhomecanmeanthedifferencebetweengoodfortuneanddisaster.ThisarthasbeenpracticedforcenturiesinChinaandisstillusedalloverSouthEastAsia.EventhehugeHongKongbankscallinageomantiftheyareplanningtobuildnewoffices.Theyhavesuchfaithinhisknowledgethatifheadvisesthemtomovetheywillaltertheirplansforeventheirbiggestbuildings.LikemanyOrientalbeliefsthegeomant’sskilldependsontheideaofharmonyinnature.IfthereisnoimbalancebetweentheopposingforcesofYinandYangthebuildingwillbringlucktoitsinhabitants.Thismeansthatthehousemustbebuiltontherightspotaswellasfacingtherightdirectionandalsobepaintedanauspiciouscolor.Forinstanceiftherearemountainstothenorththiswillprotestthemfromevilinfluences.Ifthehouseispaintedredthiswillbringhappinesstotheoccupantswhilegreensymbolizesyouthandwillbringlonglife.Otherfactorssuchastheowner’stimeanddateofbirtharetakenintoaccounttoo.Thegeomantbelievesthatunlessalltheseareconsideredwhenchoosingasiteforconstructionthefortuneofthepeopleusingitwillbeatrisk.Indeedtoignorethegeomant’sadvicecanhavefatalresults.ThedeathoftheinternationallyfamousKung-FustarBruceLeehasbeenusedasanexample.ItissaidthatwhenLeefoundoutthatthehousehewaslivinginwasanunluckyonehefollowedageomant’sadviceandinstalledaneight-sidedmirroroutsidehisfrontdoortobringhimluck.Unfortunatelyastormdamagedthemirrorandthehousewasleftunprotectedfromharmfulinfluences.SoonafterwardsLeediedinmysteriouscircumstances.NotonlyisFeng-ShuistillusedinSouthEastAsiabutithasalsospreadrightacrosstheworld.EveninmodernNewYorkasuccessfulcommercialartistcalledMiltonGlaserhasfoundituseful.Hewassodesperateafterhisofficewasbrokenintosixtimesthatheconsultedageomant.Hewastoldtoinstallafishtankwithsixblackfishandfixaredclocktotheceiling.Sincethenhehasnotbeenburglarizedonce.Itmayseemanincrediblestorybutnoothersuitableexplanationhasbeenoffered.GeomantsthinkthatthereasonforBruceLee’sdeathisthat______.
Inthelate1960’smanypeopleinNorthAmericaturnedtheirattentiontoenvironmentalproblemsandnewsteel-and-glassskyscraperswerewidelycriticized.41__________. Skyscrapersarealsolavishcomsumersandwastersofelectricpower.Inonerecentyeartheadditionof17millionsquarefeetofskyscraperofficespaceinNewYorkCityraisedthepeakdailydemandforelectricityby120000kilowatts—enoughtosupplytheentirecityofAlbanyNewYorkforaday. 42__________.Theheatlossorgainthroughawallofhalf-inchplateglassismorethantentimesthatthroughatypicalmasonrywallfilledwithinsulationboard.Tolessenthestrainonheatingandair-conditioningequipmentbuildersofskyscrapershavebeguntousedoubleglazedpanelsofglassandreflectiveglassescoatedwithsilverorgoldmirrorfilmsthatreduceglareaswellasheatgain.Howevermirror-walledskyscrapersraisethetemperatureofthesurroundingairandaffectneighboringbuildings. 43__________.IffullyoccupiedthetwoWorldTradeCentertowersinNewYorkCitywouldalonegenerate2.25milliongallonsofrawsewageeachyear—asmuchasacitythesizeofStanfordConnecticutwhichhasapopulationofmorethan109000. Skyscrapersalsointerferewithtelevisionreceptionblockbirdflywaysandobstructairtraffic.44__________. 45__________. [A]Glass-walledskyscraperscanbeespeciallywasteful. [B]Tallbuildingsareaninevitablebuildingformandpartofthecontemporarylandscape. [C]InBostoninthelate1960’ssomepeopleevenfearedthatshadowsfromskyscraperswouldkillthegrassonBostonCommon. [D]Skyscrapersputaseverestrainonacity’ssanitationfacilitiestoo. [E]Stillpeoplecontinuetobuildskyscrapersforallthereasonsthattheyhavealwaysbuiltthem—personalambitioncivicprideandthedesireofownerstohavethelargestpossibleamountofrentablespace. [F]Someoftheseideasmaysoonappearinthecityasamoreholisticapproachistakeninbalancingenvironmentalandsocialfactorswiththeeconomicsofbuildingdevelopment. [G]Ecologistspointedoutthataclusteroftallbuildingsinacityoftenoverburdenspublictransportationandparkinglotcapacities. 44
Musiccomesinmanyforms;mostcountrieshaveastyleoftheirown.1theturnofthecenturywhenjazzwasbornAmericahadnoprominent2ofitsown.Nooneknowsexactlywhenjazzwas3orbywhom.Butitbegantobe4intheearly1900s.JazzisAmerica’scontributionto5music.Incontrasttoclassicalmusicwhich6formalEuropeantraditionsjazzisspontaneousandfree-form.Itbubbleswithenergy7themoodsinterestsandemotionsofthepeople.Inthe1920jazz8likeAmerica.And9itdoestoday.The10ofthismusicareasinterestingasthemusic11.AmericanNegroesorblacksastheyarecalledtodaywerethejazz12.TheywerebroughttotheSouthernstates13slaves.Theyweresoldtoplantationownersandforcedtoworklong14.WhenaNegrodiedhisfriendsandrelatives15aprocessiontocarrythebodytothecemetery.InNewOrleansabandoftenaccompaniesthe16.Onthewaytothecemeterythebandplayedslowsolemnmusicsuitedtotheoccasion.17onthewayhomethemoodchanged.Spiritslifted.Deathhadremovedoneoftheir18butthelivingweregladtobealive.Thebandplayed19musicimprovisingonboththeharmonyandthemelodyofthetunes20atthefuneral.Thismusicmadeeveryonewanttodance.Itwasanearlyformofjazz. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.20
Shynessisthecauseofmuchunhappinessforagreatmanypeople.Shypeopleare1andserf-conscious;thatistheyare2concernedwiththeirownappearanceandactions.3thoughtsare4occurringintheirminds:WhatkindofimpressionamImaking Itisobviousthatsuch5feelingsmustaffectpeopleadversely.Aperson’sself-conceptis6inthewayheorshebehavesandthewayapersonbehavesaffectsotherpeople’sreactions.7thewaypeoplethinkaboutthemselveshasaprofoundeffectonallareasoftheirlives. Shypeoplehavinglow8arelikelytobepassiveandeasilyinfluencedbyothers.Theyneedreassurance9theyaredoing"thefightthing".Shypeoplearevery10tocriticism;theyfeelit11theirinferiority.Ashypersonmay12toacomplimentwithastatementlikethisone:"You’rejustsayingthattomakemefeelgood."Itisclearthat13self-awarenessisahealthyqualityoverdoingitisharmful. Canshynessbecompletely14oratleastreducedFortunatelypeoplecanovercomeshynesswithdeterminedandpatienteffortinbuildingself-confidence.Sinceshynessgoes15withlackofserf-esteemitisimportantforpeopletoaccepttheirweaknessaswellastheirstrengths.Forexamplemostpeoplewouldliketobe"A"studentsineverysubject.Itisnotfairforthemto16themselvesinferiorbecausetheyhavedifficulty17someareas.People’sexpectationsofthemselvesmustbe18 Eachoneofusisauniqueworthwhileindividual.Thebetterweunderstandourselvestheeasieritbecomesto19ourfullpotential.Let’snotallowshynesstoblockourchancesforarichand20life. 2
Shynessisthecauseofmuchunhappinessforagreatmanypeople.Shypeopleare1andserf-conscious;thatistheyare2concernedwiththeirownappearanceandactions.3thoughtsare4occurringintheirminds:WhatkindofimpressionamImaking Itisobviousthatsuch5feelingsmustaffectpeopleadversely.Aperson’sself-conceptis6inthewayheorshebehavesandthewayapersonbehavesaffectsotherpeople’sreactions.7thewaypeoplethinkaboutthemselveshasaprofoundeffectonallareasoftheirlives. Shypeoplehavinglow8arelikelytobepassiveandeasilyinfluencedbyothers.Theyneedreassurance9theyaredoing"thefightthing".Shypeoplearevery10tocriticism;theyfeelit11theirinferiority.Ashypersonmay12toacomplimentwithastatementlikethisone:"You’rejustsayingthattomakemefeelgood."Itisclearthat13self-awarenessisahealthyqualityoverdoingitisharmful. Canshynessbecompletely14oratleastreducedFortunatelypeoplecanovercomeshynesswithdeterminedandpatienteffortinbuildingself-confidence.Sinceshynessgoes15withlackofserf-esteemitisimportantforpeopletoaccepttheirweaknessaswellastheirstrengths.Forexamplemostpeoplewouldliketobe"A"studentsineverysubject.Itisnotfairforthemto16themselvesinferiorbecausetheyhavedifficulty17someareas.People’sexpectationsofthemselvesmustbe18 Eachoneofusisauniqueworthwhileindividual.Thebetterweunderstandourselvestheeasieritbecomesto19ourfullpotential.Let’snotallowshynesstoblockourchancesforarichand20life. 20
InancientGreeceathleticfestivalswereveryimportantandhadstrongreligiousassociation.TheOlympianathleticfestivalheldeveryfouryearsinhonourofZeuskingoftheOlympianGodseventuallylostitslocalcharacterbecamefirstanationaleventandthenaftertherulesagainstforeigncompetitorshadbeenabolishedinternational.NooneknowsexactlyhowfarbacktheOlympicGamesgobutsomeofficialrecordsdatefrom776B.C.ThegamestookplaceinAugustontheplainbyMountOlympus.ManythousandsofspectatorsgatheredfromallpartsofGreecebutnomarriedwomanwasadmittedevenasaspectator.Slaveswomenanddishonouredpersonswerenotallowedtocompete.Theexactsequenceofeventsisuncertainbuteventsincludedboy’sgymnasticsboxingwrestlinghorseracingandfieldeventsthoughtherewerefewersportsinvolvedthaninthemodernOlympicGames.OnthelastdayoftheGamesallthewinnerswerehonouredbyhavingaringofholyoliveleavesplacedontheirheads.Sogreatwasthehonourthatthewinnerofthefootracegavehisnametotheyearofhisvictory.AlthoughOlympicwinnersreceivednoprizemoneytheywereinfactrichlyrewardedbytheirstateauthorities.Howtheirresultscomparedwithmodernstandardsweunfortunatelyhavenomeansoftelling.Afteranuninterruptedhistoryofalmost1200yearstheGamesweresuspendedbytheRomansin394A.D.TheycontinuedforsuchalongtimebecausepeoplebelievedinthephilosophybehindtheOlympics:theideathatahealthybodyproducedahealthymindandthatthespiritofcompetitioninsportsandgameswaspreferabletothecompetitionthatcausedwars.Itwasover1500yearsbeforeanothersuchinternationalathleticgatheringtookplaceinAthensin1896.NowadaystheGamesareheldindifferentcountriesinturn.Thehostcountryprovidesvastfacilitiesincludingastadiumswimmingpoolsandlivingaccommodationbutcompetingcountriespaytheirownathletes’expenses.TheOlympicsstartwiththearrivalinthestadiumofatorchlightedonMountOlympusbythesun’srays.Itiscarriedbyasuccessionofrunnerstothestadium.ThetorchsymbolizedthecontinuationoftheancientGreekathleticidealsanditburnsthroughouttheGamesuntiltheclosingceremony.Thewell-knownOlympicflaghoweverisamodernconception:thefiveinterlockingringssymbolizetheunitingofallfivecontinentsparticipatingintheGames.TheorderofathleticeventsattheancientOlympics______.
Thefactisthattheenergycrisiswhichhassuddenlybeenofficiallyannouncedhasbeenwithusforalongtimenowandwillbewithusforanevenlongertime.WhetherAraboilflowsfreelyornotitiscleartoeveryonethatworldindustrycannotbeallowedtodependonsofragileabase.46Thesupplyofoilcanbeshutoffunexpectedlyatanytimeandinanycasetheoilwellswillallrundryinthirtyyearsorsoatthepresentrateofuse. 47Newsourcesofenergymustbefoundandthiswilltaketimebutitisnotlikelytoresultinanysituationthatwilleverrestorethatsenseofcheapandplentifulenergywehavehadinthetimespast.Foranindefiniteperiodfromhereonmankindisgoingtoadvancecautiouslyandconsideritselfluckythatitcanadvanceatall. Tomakethesituationworsethereisasyetnosignthatanyslowingoftheworld’spopulationisinsight.Althoughthebirth-ratehasdroppedinsomenationsincludingtheUnitedStatesthepopulationoftheworldseemssuretopasssixbillionandperhapsevensevenbillionasthetwenty-firstcenturyopens. 48Thefoodsupplywillnotincreasenearlyenoughtomatchthiswhichmeansthatweareheadingintoacrisisinthematterofproducingandmarketingfood. Takingallthisintoaccountwhatmightwereasonablyestimatesupermarketstobelikeintheyear2001 Tobeginwiththeworldfoodsupplyisgoingtobecomesteadilytighteroverthenextthirtyyears—evenhereintheUnitedStates.By2001thepopulationoftheUnitedStateswillbeatleasttwohundredfiftymillionandpossiblytwohundredseventymillionandthenationwillfinditdifficulttoexpandfoodproductiontofilltheadditionalmouths.49Thiswillbeparticularlytruesinceenergypinchwillmakeitdifficulttocontinueagricultureinthehigh-energyAmericanfashionthatmakesitpossibletocombinefewfarmerswithhighyields. Itseemsalmostcertainthatby2001theUnitedStateswillnolongerbeagreatfood-exportingnationandthatifnecessityforcesexportsitwillbeatthepriceofbelt-tighteningathome. Infactasfooditemswilltendtodeclineinqualityanddecreaseinvarietythereisverylikelytobeincreasinguseofflavouringadditives.50Untilsuchtimeasmankindhasthesensetoloweritspopulationtothepointwheretheplanetcanprovideacomfortablesupportforallpeoplewillhavetoacceptmore"unnaturalfood". Thefoodsupplywillnotincreasenearlyenoughtomatchthiswhichmeansthatweareheadingintoacrisisinthematterofproducingandmarketingfood.
InancientGreeceathleticfestivalswereveryimportantandhadstrongreligiousassociation.TheOlympianathleticfestivalheldeveryfouryearsinhonourofZeuskingoftheOlympianGodseventuallylostitslocalcharacterbecamefirstanationaleventandthenaftertherulesagainstforeigncompetitorshadbeenabolishedinternational.NooneknowsexactlyhowfarbacktheOlympicGamesgobutsomeofficialrecordsdatefrom776B.C.ThegamestookplaceinAugustontheplainbyMountOlympus.ManythousandsofspectatorsgatheredfromallpartsofGreecebutnomarriedwomanwasadmittedevenasaspectator.Slaveswomenanddishonouredpersonswerenotallowedtocompete.Theexactsequenceofeventsisuncertainbuteventsincludedboy’sgymnasticsboxingwrestlinghorseracingandfieldeventsthoughtherewerefewersportsinvolvedthaninthemodernOlympicGames.OnthelastdayoftheGamesallthewinnerswerehonouredbyhavingaringofholyoliveleavesplacedontheirheads.Sogreatwasthehonourthatthewinnerofthefootracegavehisnametotheyearofhisvictory.AlthoughOlympicwinnersreceivednoprizemoneytheywereinfactrichlyrewardedbytheirstateauthorities.Howtheirresultscomparedwithmodernstandardsweunfortunatelyhavenomeansoftelling.Afteranuninterruptedhistoryofalmost1200yearstheGamesweresuspendedbytheRomansin394A.D.TheycontinuedforsuchalongtimebecausepeoplebelievedinthephilosophybehindtheOlympics:theideathatahealthybodyproducedahealthymindandthatthespiritofcompetitioninsportsandgameswaspreferabletothecompetitionthatcausedwars.Itwasover1500yearsbeforeanothersuchinternationalathleticgatheringtookplaceinAthensin1896.NowadaystheGamesareheldindifferentcountriesinturn.Thehostcountryprovidesvastfacilitiesincludingastadiumswimmingpoolsandlivingaccommodationbutcompetingcountriespaytheirownathletes’expenses.TheOlympicsstartwiththearrivalinthestadiumofatorchlightedonMountOlympusbythesun’srays.Itiscarriedbyasuccessionofrunnerstothestadium.ThetorchsymbolizedthecontinuationoftheancientGreekathleticidealsanditburnsthroughouttheGamesuntiltheclosingceremony.Thewell-knownOlympicflaghoweverisamodernconception:thefiveinterlockingringssymbolizetheunitingofallfivecontinentsparticipatingintheGames.InancientGreecetheOlympicGames______.
Theideathatifyourhouseisbuiltintherightpositionthismayaffectyoursuccessinlifeseemsstrangetomanypeople.HowevertobelieversinFeng-Shuiortheartofgeomancynotonlythepositionbutalsothechoiceofdecorationsandeventhecolorofyourhomecanmeanthedifferencebetweengoodfortuneanddisaster.ThisarthasbeenpracticedforcenturiesinChinaandisstillusedalloverSouthEastAsia.EventhehugeHongKongbankscallinageomantiftheyareplanningtobuildnewoffices.Theyhavesuchfaithinhisknowledgethatifheadvisesthemtomovetheywillaltertheirplansforeventheirbiggestbuildings.LikemanyOrientalbeliefsthegeomant’sskilldependsontheideaofharmonyinnature.IfthereisnoimbalancebetweentheopposingforcesofYinandYangthebuildingwillbringlucktoitsinhabitants.Thismeansthatthehousemustbebuiltontherightspotaswellasfacingtherightdirectionandalsobepaintedanauspiciouscolor.Forinstanceiftherearemountainstothenorththiswillprotestthemfromevilinfluences.Ifthehouseispaintedredthiswillbringhappinesstotheoccupantswhilegreensymbolizesyouthandwillbringlonglife.Otherfactorssuchastheowner’stimeanddateofbirtharetakenintoaccounttoo.Thegeomantbelievesthatunlessalltheseareconsideredwhenchoosingasiteforconstructionthefortuneofthepeopleusingitwillbeatrisk.Indeedtoignorethegeomant’sadvicecanhavefatalresults.ThedeathoftheinternationallyfamousKung-FustarBruceLeehasbeenusedasanexample.ItissaidthatwhenLeefoundoutthatthehousehewaslivinginwasanunluckyonehefollowedageomant’sadviceandinstalledaneight-sidedmirroroutsidehisfrontdoortobringhimluck.Unfortunatelyastormdamagedthemirrorandthehousewasleftunprotectedfromharmfulinfluences.SoonafterwardsLeediedinmysteriouscircumstances.NotonlyisFeng-ShuistillusedinSouthEastAsiabutithasalsospreadrightacrosstheworld.EveninmodernNewYorkasuccessfulcommercialartistcalledMiltonGlaserhasfoundituseful.Hewassodesperateafterhisofficewasbrokenintosixtimesthatheconsultedageomant.Hewastoldtoinstallafishtankwithsixblackfishandfixaredclocktotheceiling.Sincethenhehasnotbeenburglarizedonce.Itmayseemanincrediblestorybutnoothersuitableexplanationhasbeenoffered.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesgeomancy
Shynessisthecauseofmuchunhappinessforagreatmanypeople.Shypeopleare1andserf-conscious;thatistheyare2concernedwiththeirownappearanceandactions.3thoughtsare4occurringintheirminds:WhatkindofimpressionamImaking Itisobviousthatsuch5feelingsmustaffectpeopleadversely.Aperson’sself-conceptis6inthewayheorshebehavesandthewayapersonbehavesaffectsotherpeople’sreactions.7thewaypeoplethinkaboutthemselveshasaprofoundeffectonallareasoftheirlives. Shypeoplehavinglow8arelikelytobepassiveandeasilyinfluencedbyothers.Theyneedreassurance9theyaredoing"thefightthing".Shypeoplearevery10tocriticism;theyfeelit11theirinferiority.Ashypersonmay12toacomplimentwithastatementlikethisone:"You’rejustsayingthattomakemefeelgood."Itisclearthat13self-awarenessisahealthyqualityoverdoingitisharmful. Canshynessbecompletely14oratleastreducedFortunatelypeoplecanovercomeshynesswithdeterminedandpatienteffortinbuildingself-confidence.Sinceshynessgoes15withlackofserf-esteemitisimportantforpeopletoaccepttheirweaknessaswellastheirstrengths.Forexamplemostpeoplewouldliketobe"A"studentsineverysubject.Itisnotfairforthemto16themselvesinferiorbecausetheyhavedifficulty17someareas.People’sexpectationsofthemselvesmustbe18 Eachoneofusisauniqueworthwhileindividual.Thebetterweunderstandourselvestheeasieritbecomesto19ourfullpotential.Let’snotallowshynesstoblockourchancesforarichand20life. 10
Text1 Iamnotanaccomplishedlawyer.IfindquiteasmuchmaterialforalectureinthosepointswhereinIhavefailedasinthosewhereIhavebeenmoderatelysuccessful.Theleadingruleforthelawyerasforthemanofeveryothercallingisdiligence.Leavenothingfortomorrowwhichcanbedonetoday.Neverletyourcorrespondencesfallbehind.Whateverpieceofbusinessyouhaveinhandbeforestoppingdoallthelaborrelatedtoitwhichcanthenbedone.Whenyoubringacommonlawsuitifyouhavethefactsfordoingsowritethedeclarationatonce.Ifalawpointbeinvolvedexaminethebooksandnotetheauthorityyourelyonthedeclarationitselfwhereyouaresuretofinditwhenwanted.Inbusinessnotlikelytobelitigated--ordinarycollectioncasespartitionsandthelike--makeallexaminationsoftitlesnotethemandevendraftordersandofficialordersinadvance.Thiscoursehasatripleadvantage:itavoidsomissionsandneglectsavesyourlaborwhenoncedoneperformsthelaboroutofcourtwhenyouhaveleisureratherthanincourtwhenyouhavenot.Spontaneousspeakingshouldbepracticedandcultivated.Itisthelawyer’savenuetothepublic.Howeverableandfaithfulhemaybeinotherrespectspeopleareslowbringinghimbusinessifhecannotmakeaspeech.Andyethereisnotamorefatalerrortoyounglawyersthanrelyingtoomuchonspeechmaking.Ifanyoneuponhisrarepowersofspeakingshallclaimexemptionfromtheexhaustingworkofthelawhiscaseisafailureinadvance. Discouragelitigation.Persuadeyourneighborstocompromisewheneveryoucan.Pointouttothemhowthenominalwinnerisoftenarealloser--infeesandexpensesandwasteoftime.Asapeacemakerthelawyerhasasuperioropportunityofbeingagoodman.Therewillstillbebusinessenough. Neverstiruplitigation.Aworsemancanscarcelybefoundthanonewhodoesthis.WhocanbemorenearlyafriendthanhewhohabituallyoverhaulstheRegisterofdeedsinsearchofdefectsintitleswhereontostirupstrifeandputmoneyinhispocketAmoraltoneoughttobeintroducedintotheprofessionwhichshoulddrivesuchmenoutofit. Howdoestheauthorthinkofhimself
Shynessisthecauseofmuchunhappinessforagreatmanypeople.Shypeopleare1andserf-conscious;thatistheyare2concernedwiththeirownappearanceandactions.3thoughtsare4occurringintheirminds:WhatkindofimpressionamImaking Itisobviousthatsuch5feelingsmustaffectpeopleadversely.Aperson’sself-conceptis6inthewayheorshebehavesandthewayapersonbehavesaffectsotherpeople’sreactions.7thewaypeoplethinkaboutthemselveshasaprofoundeffectonallareasoftheirlives. Shypeoplehavinglow8arelikelytobepassiveandeasilyinfluencedbyothers.Theyneedreassurance9theyaredoing"thefightthing".Shypeoplearevery10tocriticism;theyfeelit11theirinferiority.Ashypersonmay12toacomplimentwithastatementlikethisone:"You’rejustsayingthattomakemefeelgood."Itisclearthat13self-awarenessisahealthyqualityoverdoingitisharmful. Canshynessbecompletely14oratleastreducedFortunatelypeoplecanovercomeshynesswithdeterminedandpatienteffortinbuildingself-confidence.Sinceshynessgoes15withlackofserf-esteemitisimportantforpeopletoaccepttheirweaknessaswellastheirstrengths.Forexamplemostpeoplewouldliketobe"A"studentsineverysubject.Itisnotfairforthemto16themselvesinferiorbecausetheyhavedifficulty17someareas.People’sexpectationsofthemselvesmustbe18 Eachoneofusisauniqueworthwhileindividual.Thebetterweunderstandourselvestheeasieritbecomesto19ourfullpotential.Let’snotallowshynesstoblockourchancesforarichand20life. 14
Shynessisthecauseofmuchunhappinessforagreatmanypeople.Shypeopleare1andserf-conscious;thatistheyare2concernedwiththeirownappearanceandactions.3thoughtsare4occurringintheirminds:WhatkindofimpressionamImaking Itisobviousthatsuch5feelingsmustaffectpeopleadversely.Aperson’sself-conceptis6inthewayheorshebehavesandthewayapersonbehavesaffectsotherpeople’sreactions.7thewaypeoplethinkaboutthemselveshasaprofoundeffectonallareasoftheirlives. Shypeoplehavinglow8arelikelytobepassiveandeasilyinfluencedbyothers.Theyneedreassurance9theyaredoing"thefightthing".Shypeoplearevery10tocriticism;theyfeelit11theirinferiority.Ashypersonmay12toacomplimentwithastatementlikethisone:"You’rejustsayingthattomakemefeelgood."Itisclearthat13self-awarenessisahealthyqualityoverdoingitisharmful. Canshynessbecompletely14oratleastreducedFortunatelypeoplecanovercomeshynesswithdeterminedandpatienteffortinbuildingself-confidence.Sinceshynessgoes15withlackofserf-esteemitisimportantforpeopletoaccepttheirweaknessaswellastheirstrengths.Forexamplemostpeoplewouldliketobe"A"studentsineverysubject.Itisnotfairforthemto16themselvesinferiorbecausetheyhavedifficulty17someareas.People’sexpectationsofthemselvesmustbe18 Eachoneofusisauniqueworthwhileindividual.Thebetterweunderstandourselvestheeasieritbecomesto19ourfullpotential.Let’snotallowshynesstoblockourchancesforarichand20life. 16
Text1 Iamnotanaccomplishedlawyer.IfindquiteasmuchmaterialforalectureinthosepointswhereinIhavefailedasinthosewhereIhavebeenmoderatelysuccessful.Theleadingruleforthelawyerasforthemanofeveryothercallingisdiligence.Leavenothingfortomorrowwhichcanbedonetoday.Neverletyourcorrespondencesfallbehind.Whateverpieceofbusinessyouhaveinhandbeforestoppingdoallthelaborrelatedtoitwhichcanthenbedone.Whenyoubringacommonlawsuitifyouhavethefactsfordoingsowritethedeclarationatonce.Ifalawpointbeinvolvedexaminethebooksandnotetheauthorityyourelyonthedeclarationitselfwhereyouaresuretofinditwhenwanted.Inbusinessnotlikelytobelitigated--ordinarycollectioncasespartitionsandthelike--makeallexaminationsoftitlesnotethemandevendraftordersandofficialordersinadvance.Thiscoursehasatripleadvantage:itavoidsomissionsandneglectsavesyourlaborwhenoncedoneperformsthelaboroutofcourtwhenyouhaveleisureratherthanincourtwhenyouhavenot.Spontaneousspeakingshouldbepracticedandcultivated.Itisthelawyer’savenuetothepublic.Howeverableandfaithfulhemaybeinotherrespectspeopleareslowbringinghimbusinessifhecannotmakeaspeech.Andyethereisnotamorefatalerrortoyounglawyersthanrelyingtoomuchonspeechmaking.Ifanyoneuponhisrarepowersofspeakingshallclaimexemptionfromtheexhaustingworkofthelawhiscaseisafailureinadvance. Discouragelitigation.Persuadeyourneighborstocompromisewheneveryoucan.Pointouttothemhowthenominalwinnerisoftenarealloser--infeesandexpensesandwasteoftime.Asapeacemakerthelawyerhasasuperioropportunityofbeingagoodman.Therewillstillbebusinessenough. Neverstiruplitigation.Aworsemancanscarcelybefoundthanonewhodoesthis.WhocanbemorenearlyafriendthanhewhohabituallyoverhaulstheRegisterofdeedsinsearchofdefectsintitleswhereontostirupstrifeandputmoneyinhispocketAmoraltoneoughttobeintroducedintotheprofessionwhichshoulddrivesuchmenoutofit. Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthorwantsto
LetusaskwhatwerethepreparationandtrainingAbrahamLincolnhadfororatorywhetherpoliticalorforensic.Borninrudeandabjectpovertyheneverhadanyeducationexceptwhathegavehimselftillhewasapproachingmanhood.Notevenbookswherewithtoinformandtrainhismindwerewithinhisreach.Noschoolnouniversitynolegalfacultyhadanypartintraininghispowers.Whenhebecamealawyerandapoliticiantheyearsmostfavourabletocontinuousstudyhadalreadypassedandtheopportunitieshefoundforreadingwereveryscanty.Heknewbutfewauthorsingeneralliteraturethoughheknewthosefewthoroughly.HetaughthimselfalittlemathematicsbuthecouldreadnolanguagesavehisownandcanhavehadonlythefaintestacquaintancewithEuropeanhistoryorwithanybranchofphilosophy.Thewantofregulareducationwasnotmadeupforbythepersonsamongwhomhislotwascast.Tillhewasagrownmanhenevermovedinanysocietyfromwhichhecouldlearnthosethingswithwhichthemindofanoratortobestored.Evenafterhehadgainedsomelegalpracticetherewasformanyyearsnooneforhimtomixwithexceptthepettypractitionersofapettytownmennearlyallofwhomknewlittlemorethanhedidhimself.Schoolsgavehimnothingandsocietygavehimnothing.Buthehadapowerfulintellectandaresolutewill.Isolationfosterednotonlyself-reliancebutthehabitofreflectionandindeedofprolongedandintensereflection.Hemadeallthatheknewapartofhimself.Hisconvictionswerehisown—clearandcoherent.Hewasnotpositiveoropinionatedandhedidnotdenythatatcertainmomentsheponderedandhesitatedlongbeforehedecidedonhiscourse.Butthoughhecouldkeepapolicyinsuspensewaitingforeventstoguidehimhedidnotwaver.Hepausedandreconsideredbutitwasneverhiswaytogobackonadecisiononcemoreortowastetimeinvainregretsthatallhehadexpectedhadnotbeenattained.Hetookadvicereadilyandleftmanythingstohisministers;buthedidnotleanonhisadvisers.Withoutvanityorostentationhewasalwaysindependentself-containedpreparedtotakefullresponsibilityforhisacts.ThehabitofreflectionhelpedLincoln______.
Inthelate1960’smanypeopleinNorthAmericaturnedtheirattentiontoenvironmentalproblemsandnewsteel-and-glassskyscraperswerewidelycriticized.41__________. Skyscrapersarealsolavishcomsumersandwastersofelectricpower.Inonerecentyeartheadditionof17millionsquarefeetofskyscraperofficespaceinNewYorkCityraisedthepeakdailydemandforelectricityby120000kilowatts—enoughtosupplytheentirecityofAlbanyNewYorkforaday. 42__________.Theheatlossorgainthroughawallofhalf-inchplateglassismorethantentimesthatthroughatypicalmasonrywallfilledwithinsulationboard.Tolessenthestrainonheatingandair-conditioningequipmentbuildersofskyscrapershavebeguntousedoubleglazedpanelsofglassandreflectiveglassescoatedwithsilverorgoldmirrorfilmsthatreduceglareaswellasheatgain.Howevermirror-walledskyscrapersraisethetemperatureofthesurroundingairandaffectneighboringbuildings. 43__________.IffullyoccupiedthetwoWorldTradeCentertowersinNewYorkCitywouldalonegenerate2.25milliongallonsofrawsewageeachyear—asmuchasacitythesizeofStanfordConnecticutwhichhasapopulationofmorethan109000. Skyscrapersalsointerferewithtelevisionreceptionblockbirdflywaysandobstructairtraffic.44__________. 45__________. [A]Glass-walledskyscraperscanbeespeciallywasteful. [B]Tallbuildingsareaninevitablebuildingformandpartofthecontemporarylandscape. [C]InBostoninthelate1960’ssomepeopleevenfearedthatshadowsfromskyscraperswouldkillthegrassonBostonCommon. [D]Skyscrapersputaseverestrainonacity’ssanitationfacilitiestoo. [E]Stillpeoplecontinuetobuildskyscrapersforallthereasonsthattheyhavealwaysbuiltthem—personalambitioncivicprideandthedesireofownerstohavethelargestpossibleamountofrentablespace. [F]Someoftheseideasmaysoonappearinthecityasamoreholisticapproachistakeninbalancingenvironmentalandsocialfactorswiththeeconomicsofbuildingdevelopment. [G]Ecologistspointedoutthataclusteroftallbuildingsinacityoftenoverburdenspublictransportationandparkinglotcapacities. 42
Directions:Writeacompositionbasedonthepicture.Thetitlecanbeofferedinyourpreference.MakesurethatyourwritingfollowsthegivenOUTLINE:Outline:1.Briefdescriptionofthepicture2.CommentonitsthemeYoushouldwriteabout160-200wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.
Shynessisthecauseofmuchunhappinessforagreatmanypeople.Shypeopleare1andserf-conscious;thatistheyare2concernedwiththeirownappearanceandactions.3thoughtsare4occurringintheirminds:WhatkindofimpressionamImaking Itisobviousthatsuch5feelingsmustaffectpeopleadversely.Aperson’sself-conceptis6inthewayheorshebehavesandthewayapersonbehavesaffectsotherpeople’sreactions.7thewaypeoplethinkaboutthemselveshasaprofoundeffectonallareasoftheirlives. Shypeoplehavinglow8arelikelytobepassiveandeasilyinfluencedbyothers.Theyneedreassurance9theyaredoing"thefightthing".Shypeoplearevery10tocriticism;theyfeelit11theirinferiority.Ashypersonmay12toacomplimentwithastatementlikethisone:"You’rejustsayingthattomakemefeelgood."Itisclearthat13self-awarenessisahealthyqualityoverdoingitisharmful. Canshynessbecompletely14oratleastreducedFortunatelypeoplecanovercomeshynesswithdeterminedandpatienteffortinbuildingself-confidence.Sinceshynessgoes15withlackofserf-esteemitisimportantforpeopletoaccepttheirweaknessaswellastheirstrengths.Forexamplemostpeoplewouldliketobe"A"studentsineverysubject.Itisnotfairforthemto16themselvesinferiorbecausetheyhavedifficulty17someareas.People’sexpectationsofthemselvesmustbe18 Eachoneofusisauniqueworthwhileindividual.Thebetterweunderstandourselvestheeasieritbecomesto19ourfullpotential.Let’snotallowshynesstoblockourchancesforarichand20life. 18
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