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按照法的适用范围的不同法可以分为
明清时期的中央司法机关三法司是指
有关法律制定的权限划分所形成的制度结构称为
Directions:Readthe followingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsinto Chinese. ThetakingoftheBastillefortressasymbolofarbitraryroyal authoritywasundoubtedlyofrevolutionaryimportanceintermsofweakening themonarchyandlegitimisingpopulardefiance.Butotherdayshavea fairclaimtohistoricsymbolismtoo:August26th1789whentheDeclarationof theRightsofManwasadoptedforinstanceorAugust10th1792whenthe TuileriesPalacewasstormedandthemonarchysuspended.Besidesthe commemorationofJuly14thscarcelybeganinrevolutionaryspirit. Atamilitaryfetetomarkitsfirstanniversaryin1790 andtocelebratethenewconstitutionalsettlementtheMarquisdeLafayettea FrenchgeneralsworeanoathtobeforeverfaithfultotheNationtotheLaw andtotheKing.DismayedJean-PaulMarataradicaljournalistand politiciandescribedtheproceedingsthatdayasshamefuladding:The Revolutionasyethasbeenmerelyasorrowfuldreamforthepeople! AsMr.PrendergastrecallsthefalloftheBastillewas notquitethestuffofepicmyth.Strictlyspeakingtheprisonwasnottaken; themobsurgedintoitsinnercourtyardonlyafterthegovernortheMarquisde Launayhadofferedasurrender.Althoughthecrowdwasprimarilyinsearchof armsitfoundjustsevenprisonerstobefreed.47．Happenstanceparanoia andrandomviolencecharacterisedtheeventwithrumourandcounter-rumour fuellingactsofferociousbrutality.Launayhimselfwasdraggedoutbythe mobhisbodyrippedtoshredsandhisheadhackedoffbyacookwithakitchen knifebeforebeingstuckonapikeforpublicview. NapoleonBonaparteabolishedtheJuly14thcelebrationaltogether.Itwas notresurrectedasBastilleDayuntil1880nearlyacenturyafterthe originalevents.TheideathenproposedbyBenjaminRaspailadeputywasto createanationalfestivalaspartofarepublicanpackagethatalsoincluded adoptingLaMarseillaiseastheFrenchnationalanthem.Composedby Claude-JosephRougetdeLisleayoungengineerstationedwiththearmyofthe Rhineitwaswritteninasinglenightin1792．In1880thedeputiesargued passionatelyaboutwhichdatetopickforthenationalfestival.48． NobodyasMrPrendergastpointsoutproposedSeptember22nd1792the actualdateofthefoundingofthefirstFrenchrepublicforfearof legitimisingtheTerrorthatitunleashed.July14th wasthusapoliticalcompromise.Itmergedtherevolutionarymessageof1789 withthatofunityandreconciliationexpressedbytheanniversaryfeteof 1790．49．PartlytohelphealthewoundsofdefeatintheFranco-Prussianwar BastilleDaywasgivenamilitarythemewhichlaststothisdayandwrappedup innationalistimagerytheunionofarmyandnationundertheflag. SincethenatvariousmomentsofcrisisinFrench historyBastilleDayhasbeeninvestedwithdifferingmessagesaccordingto theneedsofthetime:working-classsolidarityandrevolutionarypromise fortheFrontPopulaireandthegovernmentofLeonBlumin1936;liberationfrom occupationandtheresistance-as-revolutionmythin1945．Todayitismostly pageantrywithalingeringtouchofpopularfestivity.50．ButMrPrendergast cannotconcealhisscornforwhatheconsidershasbecomeanaltogether shoddieraffairprogressivelymummifiedintoformalritualorchestrated byassorteddignitariesandmediakitsch.FortheFrenchthesedayshe concludesalittletoocruellyitisperhapsaboveallregardedasessentially adayoffwork.
在直接选举中选区全体选民的参加投票选举有效
折杖法始定于
Directions:Inthefollowing articlesomesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45choosethemost suitableonefromthelistA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.There aretwoextrachoiceswhichdonotfitinanyoftheblanks. Scholarswritersandteachersinthemodernacademiccommunityhave strongfeelingsaboutacknowledgingtheuseofanotherperson’sideas.Inthe English-speakingworldthetermplagiarismisusedtolabelthepracticeofnot givingcreditforthesourceofone’sideas.41．______ 42．______Inmanyuniversitiesthepunishmentmayrangefromfailureina particularcoursetoexpulsionfromtheuniversity.Intheliteraryworldwhere writersareprotectedfromplagiarismbyinternationalcopyrightlawsthe penaltymayrangefromasmallfinetoimprisonmentandaruinedcareer. Protectionofscholarsandwritersthroughthecopyrightlawsandthroughthe socialpressuresoftheacademicandliterarycommunitiesisarelatively recentconcept.Suchsocialpressuresandcopyrightlawsrequirewriterstogive scrupulousattentiontodocumentationoftheirsources. Studentsasinexperiencedscholarsthemselvesmustavoidvarioustypes ofplagiarismbybeingself-criticalintheiruseofotherscholars’ideasand bygivingappropriatecreditforthesourceofborrowedideasandwords otherwisedireconsequencesmayoccur.43．______ Plagiarismbyaccidentoroversightsometimesistheresultofthe writer’sinabilitytodecideorrememberwheretheideacamefrom.Hemayhave readitlongagohearditinalecturesinceforgottenoracquiredit second-handorthird-handfromdiscussionswithcolleagues.Hemayalso havedifficultyindecidingwhethertheideaissuchcommonknowledgethatno referencetotheoriginalsourceisneeded.Althoughthistypeofplagiarism mustbeguardedagainstitistheleastseriousandiflessonslearnedcanbe exemptfrombeingseverelypunished.Plagiarismthrough ignoranceissimplyawayofsayingthatinexperiencedwritersoftendonotknow howorwhentoacknowledgetheirsources.Thetechniquesfordocumentation-note- takingquotingfootnotinglistingbibliography-areeasilylearnedandcan preventthewriterfrommakingunknowingmistakesoromissionsinhis references.44．______Themostseriouskindofacademic thieveryisplagiarismbyintention.Thewriterlimitedbyhislazinessand dullnesscopiesthethoughtsandlanguageofothersandclaimsthemforhis own.Henotonlystealshetriestodeceivethereaderintobelievingtheideas areoriginal.Suchwordsasimmoraldishonestoffensiveanddespicableare usedtodescribethepracticeofplagiarismbyintention. Theoppositeofplagiarismisacknowledgement.45．______Studentsas developingscholarswritersteachersandprofessionalleadersshould recognizeandassumetheirresponsibilitytodocumentallsourcesfromwhich languageandthoughtsareborrowed.Othermembersoftheprofessionwillnot onlyrespectthescholarshiptheywilladmirethehumilityandhonesty. [A]Thepenaltiesforplagiarismvaryfromsituationto situation.[B]Manyscholarssuggestrigid self-regulationsinacademicworldinordertoprotectthepurityofacademics. [C]Penaltyforplagiarismshouldberegulatedbylaws andregulationssaidonescholaritisnobetterthantheft. [D]Althoughthereisnocopyrightinnewsorinideas onlyintheexpressionofthemthewritercannotpleadignorancewhenhis sourcesforideasarechallenged.[E]Simplystated plagiarismisthewrongfulappropriationorpurloiningandpublicationas one’sownoftheideasortheexpressionofideasofanother. [F]Allmatureandtrustworthywritersmakeuseofthe ideasofothersbuttheyarecarefultoacknowledgetheirindebtednesstotheir sources.[G]Thereareatleastthreeclassificationsof plagiarismasitisrevealedinstudents’inexactnessinidentifyingsources properly.Theyareplagiarismbyaccidentbyignoranceandbyintention.
原始社会的氏族习惯之所以不能称为法原因在于
下列选项中哪一项被认为是中国现行__总的指导思想
根据__的规定行使__解释权
下列哪一机关不能制定地方性法规
汉初萧何参照秦律作九章律增加的篇章是
Text4 Whenthereisbloodinthewateritis onlynaturalthatdorsalfinsswirlaroundexcitedly.NowthatAmerica’shousing marketisailingpredatorshavetheirsightsonthecountry’scredit-card market.AnalystsatGoldmanSachsreckonthatcredit-cardlossescouldreach$ 99billionifcontagionspreadsfromsubprimemortgagestootherformsof consumercredit.Signsofstrainareclearlyvisible.Therearerisesinboth thecharge-offanddelinquencyrateswhichmeasuretheshareofbalancesthat areuncollectableormorethan30dayslaterespectively.HSBCannouncedlast monththatithadtakena$1.4billionchargeinitsAmericanconsumer-finance businesspartlybecauseofweaknessamongcardborrowers. Itistooearlytopanicthough.Charge-offsanddelinquenciesarestill low.AccordingtoMoody’saratingagencythethird-quarterdelinquencyrate of3.89%wasalmostafullpercentagepointbelowthehistoricalaverage. Thedeteriorationinratescanbepartlyexplainedbytechnicalfactors.A changeinAmerica’spersonal-bankruptcylawsin2005ledtoanabruptfallin bankruptcyfilingswhichinturnaccountforabigchunkofcredit-cardlosses ;thenumberoffilingsandthuscharge-offrateswouldberisingagain whetherornotoverallconditionsforborrowersweregettingworse. Theindustryalsoreportssolidpaymentrateswhichshow howmuchoftheirdebtconsumerspayoffeachmonth.Andconfidencein credit-cardasset-backedsecuritiesisprettyfirmdespiteparalysisinother cornersofstructuredfinance.DennisMoroneyofTowerGrouparesearchfirm predictsthatissuancevolumesfor2007willendupbeing25%higherthanlast year.Directchannelsofinfectionbetweenthe subprime-mortgagecrisisandthecredit-cardmarketcertainlyexist:consumers arelikeliertoloaduponcredit-carddebtnowthathome-equityloansare dryingup.Butcardissuerslookatcashflowratherthanassetvaluesso fallinghousepricesdonotnecessarilytriggerachangeinborrowers’ creditworthiness.Theymayevenworktoissuers’advantage.Theincentives forconsumerstokeeppayingthemortgagedecreaseifpropertiesareworthless thanthevalueoftheloan;carddebtriseshigherupthelistofrepayment prioritiesasaresult.Cardissuersarealsoableto respondmuchmoreswiftlyandflexiblytostormierconditionsthanmortgage lendersarebychanginginterestratesoralteringcreditlimits.Thatshould intheoryreducetheriskofarapidrepricingofassets.Wearenotgoingto wakeuponedayandtotallyrevaluetheloanssaysGaryPerlinCapitalOne’s chieffinancialofficer.Ifasuddensubprime-style meltdowninthecredit-cardmarketisimprobabletherisksofasustained downturnaremuchmorereal.Iflowerhousepricesandacontractionincredit pushAmericaintorecessiontheindustrywillundoubtedlyfaceagrimmer future.Keepwatchingforthosedorsalfins. Accordingtotheauthorwhatwillthecredit-cardmarketbecome
Directions:Inthefollowing articlesomesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45choosethemost suitableonefromthelistA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.There aretwoextrachoiceswhichdonotfitinanyoftheblanks. Scholarswritersandteachersinthemodernacademiccommunityhave strongfeelingsaboutacknowledgingtheuseofanotherperson’sideas.Inthe English-speakingworldthetermplagiarismisusedtolabelthepracticeofnot givingcreditforthesourceofone’sideas.41．______ 42．______Inmanyuniversitiesthepunishmentmayrangefromfailureina particularcoursetoexpulsionfromtheuniversity.Intheliteraryworldwhere writersareprotectedfromplagiarismbyinternationalcopyrightlawsthe penaltymayrangefromasmallfinetoimprisonmentandaruinedcareer. Protectionofscholarsandwritersthroughthecopyrightlawsandthroughthe socialpressuresoftheacademicandliterarycommunitiesisarelatively recentconcept.Suchsocialpressuresandcopyrightlawsrequirewriterstogive scrupulousattentiontodocumentationoftheirsources. Studentsasinexperiencedscholarsthemselvesmustavoidvarioustypes ofplagiarismbybeingself-criticalintheiruseofotherscholars’ideasand bygivingappropriatecreditforthesourceofborrowedideasandwords otherwisedireconsequencesmayoccur.43．______ Plagiarismbyaccidentoroversightsometimesistheresultofthe writer’sinabilitytodecideorrememberwheretheideacamefrom.Hemayhave readitlongagohearditinalecturesinceforgottenoracquiredit second-handorthird-handfromdiscussionswithcolleagues.Hemayalso havedifficultyindecidingwhethertheideaissuchcommonknowledgethatno referencetotheoriginalsourceisneeded.Althoughthistypeofplagiarism mustbeguardedagainstitistheleastseriousandiflessonslearnedcanbe exemptfrombeingseverelypunished.Plagiarismthrough ignoranceissimplyawayofsayingthatinexperiencedwritersoftendonotknow howorwhentoacknowledgetheirsources.Thetechniquesfordocumentation-note- takingquotingfootnotinglistingbibliography-areeasilylearnedandcan preventthewriterfrommakingunknowingmistakesoromissionsinhis references.44．______Themostseriouskindofacademic thieveryisplagiarismbyintention.Thewriterlimitedbyhislazinessand dullnesscopiesthethoughtsandlanguageofothersandclaimsthemforhis own.Henotonlystealshetriestodeceivethereaderintobelievingtheideas areoriginal.Suchwordsasimmoraldishonestoffensiveanddespicableare usedtodescribethepracticeofplagiarismbyintention. Theoppositeofplagiarismisacknowledgement.45．______Studentsas developingscholarswritersteachersandprofessionalleadersshould recognizeandassumetheirresponsibilitytodocumentallsourcesfromwhich languageandthoughtsareborrowed.Othermembersoftheprofessionwillnot onlyrespectthescholarshiptheywilladmirethehumilityandhonesty. [A]Thepenaltiesforplagiarismvaryfromsituationto situation.[B]Manyscholarssuggestrigid self-regulationsinacademicworldinordertoprotectthepurityofacademics. [C]Penaltyforplagiarismshouldberegulatedbylaws andregulationssaidonescholaritisnobetterthantheft. [D]Althoughthereisnocopyrightinnewsorinideas onlyintheexpressionofthemthewritercannotpleadignorancewhenhis sourcesforideasarechallenged.[E]Simplystated plagiarismisthewrongfulappropriationorpurloiningandpublicationas one’sownoftheideasortheexpressionofideasofanother. [F]Allmatureandtrustworthywritersmakeuseofthe ideasofothersbuttheyarecarefultoacknowledgetheirindebtednesstotheir sources.[G]Thereareatleastthreeclassificationsof plagiarismasitisrevealedinstudents’inexactnessinidentifyingsources properly.Theyareplagiarismbyaccidentbyignoranceandbyintention.
中华苏维埃共和国的基本政治制度是
实体法与程序法的划分标准是
代表中国古代法制最高水平的是
是我国的国体
近代在中国实行的列强领事裁判权制度规定在华不同国家间的诉讼按照来确定管辖
Directions:Readthe followingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsinto Chinese. ThetakingoftheBastillefortressasymbolofarbitraryroyal authoritywasundoubtedlyofrevolutionaryimportanceintermsofweakening themonarchyandlegitimisingpopulardefiance.Butotherdayshavea fairclaimtohistoricsymbolismtoo:August26th1789whentheDeclarationof theRightsofManwasadoptedforinstanceorAugust10th1792whenthe TuileriesPalacewasstormedandthemonarchysuspended.Besidesthe commemorationofJuly14thscarcelybeganinrevolutionaryspirit. Atamilitaryfetetomarkitsfirstanniversaryin1790 andtocelebratethenewconstitutionalsettlementtheMarquisdeLafayettea FrenchgeneralsworeanoathtobeforeverfaithfultotheNationtotheLaw andtotheKing.DismayedJean-PaulMarataradicaljournalistand politiciandescribedtheproceedingsthatdayasshamefuladding:The Revolutionasyethasbeenmerelyasorrowfuldreamforthepeople! AsMr.PrendergastrecallsthefalloftheBastillewas notquitethestuffofepicmyth.Strictlyspeakingtheprisonwasnottaken; themobsurgedintoitsinnercourtyardonlyafterthegovernortheMarquisde Launayhadofferedasurrender.Althoughthecrowdwasprimarilyinsearchof armsitfoundjustsevenprisonerstobefreed.47．Happenstanceparanoia andrandomviolencecharacterisedtheeventwithrumourandcounter-rumour fuellingactsofferociousbrutality.Launayhimselfwasdraggedoutbythe mobhisbodyrippedtoshredsandhisheadhackedoffbyacookwithakitchen knifebeforebeingstuckonapikeforpublicview. NapoleonBonaparteabolishedtheJuly14thcelebrationaltogether.Itwas notresurrectedasBastilleDayuntil1880nearlyacenturyafterthe originalevents.TheideathenproposedbyBenjaminRaspailadeputywasto createanationalfestivalaspartofarepublicanpackagethatalsoincluded adoptingLaMarseillaiseastheFrenchnationalanthem.Composedby Claude-JosephRougetdeLisleayoungengineerstationedwiththearmyofthe Rhineitwaswritteninasinglenightin1792．In1880thedeputiesargued passionatelyaboutwhichdatetopickforthenationalfestival.48． NobodyasMrPrendergastpointsoutproposedSeptember22nd1792the actualdateofthefoundingofthefirstFrenchrepublicforfearof legitimisingtheTerrorthatitunleashed.July14th wasthusapoliticalcompromise.Itmergedtherevolutionarymessageof1789 withthatofunityandreconciliationexpressedbytheanniversaryfeteof 1790．49．PartlytohelphealthewoundsofdefeatintheFranco-Prussianwar BastilleDaywasgivenamilitarythemewhichlaststothisdayandwrappedup innationalistimagerytheunionofarmyandnationundertheflag. SincethenatvariousmomentsofcrisisinFrench historyBastilleDayhasbeeninvestedwithdifferingmessagesaccordingto theneedsofthetime:working-classsolidarityandrevolutionarypromise fortheFrontPopulaireandthegovernmentofLeonBlumin1936;liberationfrom occupationandtheresistance-as-revolutionmythin1945．Todayitismostly pageantrywithalingeringtouchofpopularfestivity.50．ButMrPrendergast cannotconcealhisscornforwhatheconsidershasbecomeanaltogether shoddieraffairprogressivelymummifiedintoformalritualorchestrated byassorteddignitariesandmediakitsch.FortheFrenchthesedayshe concludesalittletoocruellyitisperhapsaboveallregardedasessentially adayoffwork.
Directions:Readthe followingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsinto Chinese. ThetakingoftheBastillefortressasymbolofarbitraryroyal authoritywasundoubtedlyofrevolutionaryimportanceintermsofweakening themonarchyandlegitimisingpopulardefiance.Butotherdayshavea fairclaimtohistoricsymbolismtoo:August26th1789whentheDeclarationof theRightsofManwasadoptedforinstanceorAugust10th1792whenthe TuileriesPalacewasstormedandthemonarchysuspended.Besidesthe commemorationofJuly14thscarcelybeganinrevolutionaryspirit. Atamilitaryfetetomarkitsfirstanniversaryin1790 andtocelebratethenewconstitutionalsettlementtheMarquisdeLafayettea FrenchgeneralsworeanoathtobeforeverfaithfultotheNationtotheLaw andtotheKing.DismayedJean-PaulMarataradicaljournalistand politiciandescribedtheproceedingsthatdayasshamefuladding:The Revolutionasyethasbeenmerelyasorrowfuldreamforthepeople! AsMr.PrendergastrecallsthefalloftheBastillewas notquitethestuffofepicmyth.Strictlyspeakingtheprisonwasnottaken; themobsurgedintoitsinnercourtyardonlyafterthegovernortheMarquisde Launayhadofferedasurrender.Althoughthecrowdwasprimarilyinsearchof armsitfoundjustsevenprisonerstobefreed.47．Happenstanceparanoia andrandomviolencecharacterisedtheeventwithrumourandcounter-rumour fuellingactsofferociousbrutality.Launayhimselfwasdraggedoutbythe mobhisbodyrippedtoshredsandhisheadhackedoffbyacookwithakitchen knifebeforebeingstuckonapikeforpublicview. NapoleonBonaparteabolishedtheJuly14thcelebrationaltogether.Itwas notresurrectedasBastilleDayuntil1880nearlyacenturyafterthe originalevents.TheideathenproposedbyBenjaminRaspailadeputywasto createanationalfestivalaspartofarepublicanpackagethatalsoincluded adoptingLaMarseillaiseastheFrenchnationalanthem.Composedby Claude-JosephRougetdeLisleayoungengineerstationedwiththearmyofthe Rhineitwaswritteninasinglenightin1792．In1880thedeputiesargued passionatelyaboutwhichdatetopickforthenationalfestival.48． NobodyasMrPrendergastpointsoutproposedSeptember22nd1792the actualdateofthefoundingofthefirstFrenchrepublicforfearof legitimisingtheTerrorthatitunleashed.July14th wasthusapoliticalcompromise.Itmergedtherevolutionarymessageof1789 withthatofunityandreconciliationexpressedbytheanniversaryfeteof 1790．49．PartlytohelphealthewoundsofdefeatintheFranco-Prussianwar BastilleDaywasgivenamilitarythemewhichlaststothisdayandwrappedup innationalistimagerytheunionofarmyandnationundertheflag. SincethenatvariousmomentsofcrisisinFrench historyBastilleDayhasbeeninvestedwithdifferingmessagesaccordingto theneedsofthetime:working-classsolidarityandrevolutionarypromise fortheFrontPopulaireandthegovernmentofLeonBlumin1936;liberationfrom occupationandtheresistance-as-revolutionmythin1945．Todayitismostly pageantrywithalingeringtouchofpopularfestivity.50．ButMrPrendergast cannotconcealhisscornforwhatheconsidershasbecomeanaltogether shoddieraffairprogressivelymummifiedintoformalritualorchestrated byassorteddignitariesandmediakitsch.FortheFrenchthesedayshe concludesalittletoocruellyitisperhapsaboveallregardedasessentially adayoffwork.
法律关系的内容是法律关系主体之间的法律权利和法律义务二者之间具有紧密的联系下列有关法律权利和法律义务相互关系的表述中哪种说法没有正确揭示这一关系
Studythefollowingdrawingcarefullyandwriteanessayinwhichyoushould 1describethedrawing; 2interpretitsmeaning; 3pointoutitsimplicationsinourlife. Youshouldwriteabout160-200words.
国务院的下列组成人员中__可以超过两届的是
是公民具体参加各种社会活动和实际享受其他权利的前提也是保持和发展公民个性的必要条件
下列选项中哪些是近代__产生的基本条件
按照我国__和1981年全国__关于加强法律解释工作的决议下列选项哪个属于有权法律解释
司机田某贪污货物价值2万元后又交通肇事将A国留学生马丁撞死被人民法院判处有期徒刑12年对田某的这一制裁体现的是
下列__修改的方式中哪一项不是我国__修改的方式
我国历史上第一部独立的民法典是
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