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下列除哪项外均属于阴虚辨证的临床表现
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下列除哪项外均为阳明腑实证的临床表现
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下列除哪项外均为阳明腑实证的临床表现
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取消人民检察院的设置是
北洋政府制定的专门刑法典是
中华人民共和国的武装力量属于它的任务是巩固国防抵抗侵略保卫祖国保卫人民的和平劳动参加国家建设事业努力为人民服务
下列关于中华民国刑法新刑法的表述正确的是
Directions: A.Studythegraphbelowcarefullyandwriteanessayofabout200words. B.Youressayshouldcovertheinformationprovidedandmeettherequirementsbelow: 1interpretthegraph; 2givethepossiblecausesforthechange; 3yourcomments
根据我国选举法的规定在选举过程中每一选票所选的人数规定应选代表人数的作废规定应选代表人数的有效
中华民国临时约法于三读通过
PlatoaskedWhatismanandStAugustineaskedWhoamI’Anewbreedofcriminalshasanovelanswer:Iamyou!Althoughimpostorshaveexistedforagesthegrowingfrequencyandcostofidentitytheftisworrisome.Around10mAmericansarevictimsannuallyanditistheleadingconsumer-fraudcomplaintoverthepastfiveyears.Thecosttobusinesseswasalmost$50billionandtoconsumers$5billionin2002themostrecentyearthatAmerica’sFederalTradeCommissioncollectedfigures.Aftertworecentbigprivacydisasterspeopleandpoliticiansarecallingforaction.InFebruaryChoicePointalargedata-collectionagencybegansendingoutletterswarning145000AmericansthatithadwronglyprovidedfraudsterswiththeirpersonaldetailsincludingSocialSecuritynumbers.Around750peoplehavealreadyspottedfraudulentactivity.AndonFebruary25thBankofAmericarevealedthatitlostdatatapesthatcontainpersonalinformationonoverlmgovernmentemployeesincludingsomeSenators.Althoughaccidentandnotillegalityissuspectedallmusttakeprecautionsagainstidentitytheft.Facedwithsuchincidentsstateandnationallawmakersarecallingfornewregulationsincludingovercompaniesthatcollectandsellpersonalinformation.Asanindustrythefirms—suchasChoicePointAcxiomLexisNexisandWestlaw—arelargelyunregulated.Theyhavealsogrownenormous.ForexampleChoicePointwasfoundedin1997andhasacquirednearly60firmstoamassdatabaseswith19billionrecordsonpeople.Itisusedbyinsurancefirmslandlordsandevenpoliceagencies.Californiaistheonlystatewithalawrequiringcompaniestonotifyindividualswhentheirpersonalinformationhasbeencompromised—whichmadeChoicePointrevealthefraudalbeitfivemonthsafteritwasnoticedandafteritstoptwobossesexercisedstockoptions.Legislationtomaketherequirementafederallawisunderconsideration.Moreoverlawmakerssaytheywillproposethatrulesgoverningcreditbureausandmedicalcompaniesareextendedtodata-collectionfirms.Andalongsidelegislationthereisalwayslitigation.AlreadyChoicePointhasbeensuedforfailingtosafeguardindividuals’data.YetthelegalremedieswouldstillbefarlooserthaninEuropewhereidentitytheftisalsoamenacethoughlessfrequentandcostly.TheEuropeanDataProtectionDirectiveimplementedin1998givespeopletherighttoaccesstheirinformationchangeinaccuraciesanddenypermissionforittobeshared.Moreoveritplacesthecostofmistakesonthecompaniesthatcollectthedatanotonindividuals.WhenthelawwasputinforceAmericanpolicymakersgroanedthatitwasbadforbusiness.ButnowtheyseemtobereconsideringitItcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat
被清朝统治者奉为国家大典的会审制度是
1979年的中华人民共和国刑法第158条规定禁止任何人利用任何手段扰乱社会秩序扰乱社会秩序情节严重致使工作生产营业和教学科研无法进行国家和社会遭受严重损失的对首要分子处五年以下有期徒刑拘役管制或者剥夺政治权利从结构上看这一法律规范缺少什么
将__反革命的活动修改为__危害国家安全的犯罪活动是在．
下列有关法律关系的表达中正确的有
Astechnologycontinuestoadvancecountriesmustdecidehowtheywilldealwiththeissueofhumancloningforreproductionorresearch.Sofarseveralnationshaveplacedstrongrestrictionsonhealingcloning;othersaremovingtowardssuchrestrictionsandafewhavestakedoutpositionsinfavorofcurativecloning.AftermonthsofbitterdebatetheUniteStatesmustdecidewhatitwilldo. Alllegislatorscanagreethatitwouldbewrongnowtomakeawalkingtalkingreallifehumanclone.TheNationalAcademyofSciencesalsosupportsthatposition.ButitsinstituteofMedicinehasrightlysaidthatitsobjectionstothesafetyofreproductivecloningdonotapplytoresearchcloning.Indeed’somescientistssaythatresearchcloningcouldyieldstemcellsthatcouldbeusedtogrowhealingtissuesforpatientswithdiseasessuchasParkinson’s.47Theyalsosaythatstudyingstemcellsmadefromthecellsofdiseasedpatientscouldhelpusunderstandwhypeoplewiththesamegeneticmake-upgetsickorstaywell. Opponentsofresearchcloningsaythereisnoproofthatitwillyieldanycures.Theyalsosaythatadultstemcellsaremorepromisingandlesscontroversial.TheyhavegainedCongressionalandpublicsupportbybeatingintowidespreadfearsaboutbiotechnologywhichsomeworryiswindingquicklydownaslipperyslopetowardsthecommodificationofthehumanspecies.48Butsuchfearsdonotrepresentasensiblebasisforabanonresearchcloningwhichislikelytogiveinsightsintotheprocessesthatcauseahostofdevastatingdiseases. TheSenateisnowmovingtowardsaslowdownontheissue.Twobillshavebeenintroduced.SenatorSamBrownbackintroducedabillthatwouldbancloningforanypurpose.HisrivalsledbySenatorDianneFeinsteinhaveintroducedcompetinglegislationthatwouldalllowscientiststocloseembryosforresearch.Andsenatorseagertoairtheirviewsontheissueforavoteonthematterinthenextfewweeks.49Brownbackissaidtohavenearly50supportersbutfortechnicalreasonsabillisunlikelytobepassedunless60senatorssupportit. AdvocatesofhealingcloninghaveoutlinedsituationsthatwouldmaketheSenatemorelikelytopassabillthatwouldallowresearchcloningsuchasamendingtheBrownbackbilltoallowresearch.InthiswaysenatorscouldsavefacebysimultaneouslyvotingforBrownbackandforresearch. HoweveranybillthatdoespasstheSenatemustbereconciledwiththeHousebillinaconferenceTheBrownbackbillisvirtuallyidenticaltoaHousecloningbanthatwaspassedlastJuly.Soitwouldspeedthroughtheconferencecommittee.ButSenateandHousenegotiatorsareunlikelytocompromiseiftheSenatevotestoallowhealingcloning50Sotheresultofthismonth’sSenatedebateislikelytobeeitherthatPresidentBushsignsabillthatbanscloningforanypurposeorthathedoesnotsignanycloningbillatall.TheissuecouldalsospilloverintotheappropriationsprocessthisautumnwhensenatorstrytoforcerulesthroughtheCongressbyattachingthemtothenecessaryspendingbills. TheCongresshasstronglysupportedtheNationalInstituteofHealthinrecentyearsbecauseitwantstheUnitedStatestobeaworldleaderinbiomedicalresearch.TheSenateshouldcontinueitsstrongsupportofbiomedicalscienceandactinthenationalinterestbyrefusingtopassabanonresearchcloning. Astechnologycontinuestoadvancecountriesmustdecidehowtheywilldealwiththeissueofhumancloningforreproductionorresearch.
规定没立有名无实的立法院并在立法院成立以前由参政院代行立法院职权的____性文件是
DomobilephonescauseexplosionsatpetrolstationsThatquestionhasjustbeenexhaustivelyansweredbyAdamBurgessaresearcherattheUniversityofKentinEngland.OddlyhoweverDrBurgessisnotaphysicistbutasociologist.Fortheconcernrestsnotonscientificevidenceofanydangerbutisinsteadtheresultofsociologicalfactors:itisanurbanmythsupportedandpropagatedbyofficialsourcesbutnolessamythforthat.DrBurgesspresentedhisfindingsthisweekattheannualconferenceoftheBritishSociologicalAssociation. Mobilephonesstartedtobecomewidespreadinthelate1980swhentheoilindustrywasinthemiddleofaconcertedsafetydriveDrBurgessnotes.ThiswasinlargepartaresponsetothePiperAlphadisasterin1988when167peoplediedinanexplosiononanoilplatformofftheScottishcoast.41.______Sonobodyquestionedtheprecautionarybanontheuseofmobilephonesatpetrolstations.Theworrywasthatanelectricalsparkmightigniteexplosivefumes. 42.______Butitwastoolate.Themythhadtakenhold. OneproblemsaysDrBurgessisthatthenumberofpetrol-stationfiresincreasedinthelate1990sjustasmobilephoneswereproliferating.RichardCoatesBP’sfire-safetyadviserinvestigatedmanyofthe243suchfiresthatoccurredaroundtheworldbetween1993and2004.Heconcludedthatmostwereindeedcausedbysparksignitingpetrolvapourbutthesparksthemselvesweretheresultofstaticelectricitynotelectricalequipment.Mostdriverswillhaveexperiencedamildelectricshockwhenclimbingoutoftheirvehicles.Itiscausedbyfrictionbetweendriverandseatwiththeresultthatbothendupelectricallycharged.Whenthedrivertouchesthemetalframeofthevehicletheresultissometimesaspark. 43.______ 44.______Onee-mailcontainedfictitiousexamplesofsuchexplosionssaidtohavehappenedinIndonesiaandAustralia.AnothersupposedlysentoutbyShellfounditswayontoaninternalwebsiteatExxonsaysDrBurgesswhereitwastreatedasauthoritativebyemployees.Suchmemosgenerallyexplainstaticfiresquiteaccuratelybutmistakenlyattributethemtomobilephones.OfficialdenialssaysDrBurgesssimplyinflamethesuspicionsofconspiracytheorists. 45.______Warningsigns.aboundinBritainAmericaCanadaandAustralia.ThecityofSaoPauloinBraziliatroducedabanlastyearAndearnertinsmonthamemberofConnecticut’s.senateproposedmakingtheuseofmobilephonesinpetrolstationsinthatstatepunishablebya$250fine. [A]Thesafetydrivedidnotapplymerelytooffshoreoperations:employeesatsomeBritishoil-companyofficesarenowrequiredtousehandrailswhilewalkingupanddownstairsforexample. [B]Asaresultthecompanyhadtopayahugeamountofcompensationtothefamiliesofthevictimsandlawsuitsconcerningthosefiresseemedtobeendless. [C]Afurthercomplicationwastheriseoftheinternetwherehoaxmemosmanyclaimingtooriginatefromoilcompanieswarnedofthedangerofusingmobilephonesinpetrolstations. [D]ThisisparticularlynoticeableinBritain.Thecountrythatledthewayinbanningmobilephonesatpetrolstationsisalsothecountrythathastakenthestrongestlineonthesafetyofmobile-phoneusebychildren. [E]Despitethelackofevidencethatmobilephonescancauseexplosionsbansremaininplacearoundtheworldthoughtherulesvarywidely. [F]Bythelate1990showeverphonemakers--havingconductedtheirownresearch—realizedthattherewasnodangerofphonescausingexplosionssincetheycouldnotgeneratetherequiredsparks. [G]Thisseemstohavebecomemorecommonasplasticcarinteriorssyntheticgarmentsandrubber-soledshoeshaveproliferated. 42
元朝的笞杖刑共分为
根据我国__的规定由实行区域自治民族的公民担任
Astechnologycontinuestoadvancecountriesmustdecidehowtheywilldealwiththeissueofhumancloningforreproductionorresearch.Sofarseveralnationshaveplacedstrongrestrictionsonhealingcloning;othersaremovingtowardssuchrestrictionsandafewhavestakedoutpositionsinfavorofcurativecloning.AftermonthsofbitterdebatetheUniteStatesmustdecidewhatitwilldo. Alllegislatorscanagreethatitwouldbewrongnowtomakeawalkingtalkingreallifehumanclone.TheNationalAcademyofSciencesalsosupportsthatposition.ButitsinstituteofMedicinehasrightlysaidthatitsobjectionstothesafetyofreproductivecloningdonotapplytoresearchcloning.Indeed’somescientistssaythatresearchcloningcouldyieldstemcellsthatcouldbeusedtogrowhealingtissuesforpatientswithdiseasessuchasParkinson’s.47Theyalsosaythatstudyingstemcellsmadefromthecellsofdiseasedpatientscouldhelpusunderstandwhypeoplewiththesamegeneticmake-upgetsickorstaywell. Opponentsofresearchcloningsaythereisnoproofthatitwillyieldanycures.Theyalsosaythatadultstemcellsaremorepromisingandlesscontroversial.TheyhavegainedCongressionalandpublicsupportbybeatingintowidespreadfearsaboutbiotechnologywhichsomeworryiswindingquicklydownaslipperyslopetowardsthecommodificationofthehumanspecies.48Butsuchfearsdonotrepresentasensiblebasisforabanonresearchcloningwhichislikelytogiveinsightsintotheprocessesthatcauseahostofdevastatingdiseases. TheSenateisnowmovingtowardsaslowdownontheissue.Twobillshavebeenintroduced.SenatorSamBrownbackintroducedabillthatwouldbancloningforanypurpose.HisrivalsledbySenatorDianneFeinsteinhaveintroducedcompetinglegislationthatwouldalllowscientiststocloseembryosforresearch.Andsenatorseagertoairtheirviewsontheissueforavoteonthematterinthenextfewweeks.49Brownbackissaidtohavenearly50supportersbutfortechnicalreasonsabillisunlikelytobepassedunless60senatorssupportit. AdvocatesofhealingcloninghaveoutlinedsituationsthatwouldmaketheSenatemorelikelytopassabillthatwouldallowresearchcloningsuchasamendingtheBrownbackbilltoallowresearch.InthiswaysenatorscouldsavefacebysimultaneouslyvotingforBrownbackandforresearch. HoweveranybillthatdoespasstheSenatemustbereconciledwiththeHousebillinaconferenceTheBrownbackbillisvirtuallyidenticaltoaHousecloningbanthatwaspassedlastJuly.Soitwouldspeedthroughtheconferencecommittee.ButSenateandHousenegotiatorsareunlikelytocompromiseiftheSenatevotestoallowhealingcloning50Sotheresultofthismonth’sSenatedebateislikelytobeeitherthatPresidentBushsignsabillthatbanscloningforanypurposeorthathedoesnotsignanycloningbillatall.TheissuecouldalsospilloverintotheappropriationsprocessthisautumnwhensenatorstrytoforcerulesthroughtheCongressbyattachingthemtothenecessaryspendingbills. TheCongresshasstronglysupportedtheNationalInstituteofHealthinrecentyearsbecauseitwantstheUnitedStatestobeaworldleaderinbiomedicalresearch.TheSenateshouldcontinueitsstrongsupportofbiomedicalscienceandactinthenationalinterestbyrefusingtopassabanonresearchcloning. Sotheresultofthismonth’sSenatedebateislikelytobeeitherthatPresidentBushsignsabillthatbanscloningforanypurposeorthathedoesnotsignanycloningbillatall.
我国__规定社会主义公有制消灭人剥削人的制度实行的原则
下列说法中错误的是
法之所以有预测作用是因为法具有规范性的特点
自治州自治县的自治条例和单行条例报批准后生效并报全国人民代表大会常务委员会备案
DomobilephonescauseexplosionsatpetrolstationsThatquestionhasjustbeenexhaustivelyansweredbyAdamBurgessaresearcherattheUniversityofKentinEngland.OddlyhoweverDrBurgessisnotaphysicistbutasociologist.Fortheconcernrestsnotonscientificevidenceofanydangerbutisinsteadtheresultofsociologicalfactors:itisanurbanmythsupportedandpropagatedbyofficialsourcesbutnolessamythforthat.DrBurgesspresentedhisfindingsthisweekattheannualconferenceoftheBritishSociologicalAssociation. Mobilephonesstartedtobecomewidespreadinthelate1980swhentheoilindustrywasinthemiddleofaconcertedsafetydriveDrBurgessnotes.ThiswasinlargepartaresponsetothePiperAlphadisasterin1988when167peoplediedinanexplosiononanoilplatformofftheScottishcoast.41.______Sonobodyquestionedtheprecautionarybanontheuseofmobilephonesatpetrolstations.Theworrywasthatanelectricalsparkmightigniteexplosivefumes. 42.______Butitwastoolate.Themythhadtakenhold. OneproblemsaysDrBurgessisthatthenumberofpetrol-stationfiresincreasedinthelate1990sjustasmobilephoneswereproliferating.RichardCoatesBP’sfire-safetyadviserinvestigatedmanyofthe243suchfiresthatoccurredaroundtheworldbetween1993and2004.Heconcludedthatmostwereindeedcausedbysparksignitingpetrolvapourbutthesparksthemselvesweretheresultofstaticelectricitynotelectricalequipment.Mostdriverswillhaveexperiencedamildelectricshockwhenclimbingoutoftheirvehicles.Itiscausedbyfrictionbetweendriverandseatwiththeresultthatbothendupelectricallycharged.Whenthedrivertouchesthemetalframeofthevehicletheresultissometimesaspark. 43.______ 44.______Onee-mailcontainedfictitiousexamplesofsuchexplosionssaidtohavehappenedinIndonesiaandAustralia.AnothersupposedlysentoutbyShellfounditswayontoaninternalwebsiteatExxonsaysDrBurgesswhereitwastreatedasauthoritativebyemployees.Suchmemosgenerallyexplainstaticfiresquiteaccuratelybutmistakenlyattributethemtomobilephones.OfficialdenialssaysDrBurgesssimplyinflamethesuspicionsofconspiracytheorists. 45.______Warningsigns.aboundinBritainAmericaCanadaandAustralia.ThecityofSaoPauloinBraziliatroducedabanlastyearAndearnertinsmonthamemberofConnecticut’s.senateproposedmakingtheuseofmobilephonesinpetrolstationsinthatstatepunishablebya$250fine. [A]Thesafetydrivedidnotapplymerelytooffshoreoperations:employeesatsomeBritishoil-companyofficesarenowrequiredtousehandrailswhilewalkingupanddownstairsforexample. [B]Asaresultthecompanyhadtopayahugeamountofcompensationtothefamiliesofthevictimsandlawsuitsconcerningthosefiresseemedtobeendless. [C]Afurthercomplicationwastheriseoftheinternetwherehoaxmemosmanyclaimingtooriginatefromoilcompanieswarnedofthedangerofusingmobilephonesinpetrolstations. [D]ThisisparticularlynoticeableinBritain.Thecountrythatledthewayinbanningmobilephonesatpetrolstationsisalsothecountrythathastakenthestrongestlineonthesafetyofmobile-phoneusebychildren. [E]Despitethelackofevidencethatmobilephonescancauseexplosionsbansremaininplacearoundtheworldthoughtherulesvarywidely. [F]Bythelate1990showeverphonemakers--havingconductedtheirownresearch—realizedthattherewasnodangerofphonescausingexplosionssincetheycouldnotgeneratetherequiredsparks. [G]Thisseemstohavebecomemorecommonasplasticcarinteriorssyntheticgarmentsandrubber-soledshoeshaveproliferated. 44
法的历史类型的划分标准是
关于法律的空间效力下列说法中不正确的是
我国__规定国家为了公共利益的需要可以依照法律规定对公民的实行征收或者征用并给予补偿
Astechnologycontinuestoadvancecountriesmustdecidehowtheywilldealwiththeissueofhumancloningforreproductionorresearch.Sofarseveralnationshaveplacedstrongrestrictionsonhealingcloning;othersaremovingtowardssuchrestrictionsandafewhavestakedoutpositionsinfavorofcurativecloning.AftermonthsofbitterdebatetheUniteStatesmustdecidewhatitwilldo. Alllegislatorscanagreethatitwouldbewrongnowtomakeawalkingtalkingreallifehumanclone.TheNationalAcademyofSciencesalsosupportsthatposition.ButitsinstituteofMedicinehasrightlysaidthatitsobjectionstothesafetyofreproductivecloningdonotapplytoresearchcloning.Indeed’somescientistssaythatresearchcloningcouldyieldstemcellsthatcouldbeusedtogrowhealingtissuesforpatientswithdiseasessuchasParkinson’s.47Theyalsosaythatstudyingstemcellsmadefromthecellsofdiseasedpatientscouldhelpusunderstandwhypeoplewiththesamegeneticmake-upgetsickorstaywell. Opponentsofresearchcloningsaythereisnoproofthatitwillyieldanycures.Theyalsosaythatadultstemcellsaremorepromisingandlesscontroversial.TheyhavegainedCongressionalandpublicsupportbybeatingintowidespreadfearsaboutbiotechnologywhichsomeworryiswindingquicklydownaslipperyslopetowardsthecommodificationofthehumanspecies.48Butsuchfearsdonotrepresentasensiblebasisforabanonresearchcloningwhichislikelytogiveinsightsintotheprocessesthatcauseahostofdevastatingdiseases. TheSenateisnowmovingtowardsaslowdownontheissue.Twobillshavebeenintroduced.SenatorSamBrownbackintroducedabillthatwouldbancloningforanypurpose.HisrivalsledbySenatorDianneFeinsteinhaveintroducedcompetinglegislationthatwouldalllowscientiststocloseembryosforresearch.Andsenatorseagertoairtheirviewsontheissueforavoteonthematterinthenextfewweeks.49Brownbackissaidtohavenearly50supportersbutfortechnicalreasonsabillisunlikelytobepassedunless60senatorssupportit. AdvocatesofhealingcloninghaveoutlinedsituationsthatwouldmaketheSenatemorelikelytopassabillthatwouldallowresearchcloningsuchasamendingtheBrownbackbilltoallowresearch.InthiswaysenatorscouldsavefacebysimultaneouslyvotingforBrownbackandforresearch. HoweveranybillthatdoespasstheSenatemustbereconciledwiththeHousebillinaconferenceTheBrownbackbillisvirtuallyidenticaltoaHousecloningbanthatwaspassedlastJuly.Soitwouldspeedthroughtheconferencecommittee.ButSenateandHousenegotiatorsareunlikelytocompromiseiftheSenatevotestoallowhealingcloning50Sotheresultofthismonth’sSenatedebateislikelytobeeitherthatPresidentBushsignsabillthatbanscloningforanypurposeorthathedoesnotsignanycloningbillatall.TheissuecouldalsospilloverintotheappropriationsprocessthisautumnwhensenatorstrytoforcerulesthroughtheCongressbyattachingthemtothenecessaryspendingbills. TheCongresshasstronglysupportedtheNationalInstituteofHealthinrecentyearsbecauseitwantstheUnitedStatestobeaworldleaderinbiomedicalresearch.TheSenateshouldcontinueitsstrongsupportofbiomedicalscienceandactinthenationalinterestbyrefusingtopassabanonresearchcloning. Butsuchfearsdonotrepresentasensiblebasisforabanonresearchcloningwhichislikelytogiveinsightsintotheprocessesthatcauseahostofdevastatingdiseases.
我国__第58条规定全国人民代表大会和全国人民代表大会常务委员会行使国家立法权该条属于哪种规范
在我国古代使封建五刑制度定型化的封建成文法典是
PlatoaskedWhatismanandStAugustineaskedWhoamI’Anewbreedofcriminalshasanovelanswer:Iamyou!Althoughimpostorshaveexistedforagesthegrowingfrequencyandcostofidentitytheftisworrisome.Around10mAmericansarevictimsannuallyanditistheleadingconsumer-fraudcomplaintoverthepastfiveyears.Thecosttobusinesseswasalmost$50billionandtoconsumers$5billionin2002themostrecentyearthatAmerica’sFederalTradeCommissioncollectedfigures.Aftertworecentbigprivacydisasterspeopleandpoliticiansarecallingforaction.InFebruaryChoicePointalargedata-collectionagencybegansendingoutletterswarning145000AmericansthatithadwronglyprovidedfraudsterswiththeirpersonaldetailsincludingSocialSecuritynumbers.Around750peoplehavealreadyspottedfraudulentactivity.AndonFebruary25thBankofAmericarevealedthatitlostdatatapesthatcontainpersonalinformationonoverlmgovernmentemployeesincludingsomeSenators.Althoughaccidentandnotillegalityissuspectedallmusttakeprecautionsagainstidentitytheft.Facedwithsuchincidentsstateandnationallawmakersarecallingfornewregulationsincludingovercompaniesthatcollectandsellpersonalinformation.Asanindustrythefirms—suchasChoicePointAcxiomLexisNexisandWestlaw—arelargelyunregulated.Theyhavealsogrownenormous.ForexampleChoicePointwasfoundedin1997andhasacquirednearly60firmstoamassdatabaseswith19billionrecordsonpeople.Itisusedbyinsurancefirmslandlordsandevenpoliceagencies.Californiaistheonlystatewithalawrequiringcompaniestonotifyindividualswhentheirpersonalinformationhasbeencompromised—whichmadeChoicePointrevealthefraudalbeitfivemonthsafteritwasnoticedandafteritstoptwobossesexercisedstockoptions.Legislationtomaketherequirementafederallawisunderconsideration.Moreoverlawmakerssaytheywillproposethatrulesgoverningcreditbureausandmedicalcompaniesareextendedtodata-collectionfirms.Andalongsidelegislationthereisalwayslitigation.AlreadyChoicePointhasbeensuedforfailingtosafeguardindividuals’data.YetthelegalremedieswouldstillbefarlooserthaninEuropewhereidentitytheftisalsoamenacethoughlessfrequentandcostly.TheEuropeanDataProtectionDirectiveimplementedin1998givespeopletherighttoaccesstheirinformationchangeinaccuraciesanddenypermissionforittobeshared.Moreoveritplacesthecostofmistakesonthecompaniesthatcollectthedatanotonindividuals.WhenthelawwasputinforceAmericanpolicymakersgroanedthatitwasbadforbusiness.ButnowtheyseemtobereconsideringitTherealreasonforChoicePoint’sfastexpansionisthat
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