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The phrase "progressive education" is one, if not of protest, at least of contrast, of contrast with...
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Distinguishbetweenthetwopossiblemeaningsofthephras
Thereisa______ofimpatienceinthetoneofhisvoice.
dot
hint
notion
phrase
AnalysethephrasemorebeautifulflowersbymeansofIC.
clause
slang
idiom
phrase
Inparagraphonethephrasehangbackstandsfor______.
cling to
suspend
frustrate
hesitate
Thephrasetheworldinthefirstlineofthepassagereferst
"man".
"you".
"woman".
"they".
Whensomeonesayswell1guessIwillhavetofacethemusiC.I
Whensomeonesayswell1guessIwillhavetofacethemusiC.I
Thephrasethatbestexpressesthemainideaofthispassage
the modern pace
our interest in shortened operas
how to make the best use of leisure time
planning our time scientifically
Havinggiventhestudentsvarioussituations_______thep
when
where
which
why
InthesentenceWhatisitsmotivebehindit?Paragraph5itr
the “it” in the phrase “the desire not to do it”.
“the desire” in the phrase “the desire not to do it”.
the idea of Paragraph 5.
the idea of helping the friend.
TheunderlinedphraseworkupinQuiz1means
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SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10PointsWiththerapidspreadoftheinterneteyewhereintheworldandthe1numberofusersoneofthemostexcitingdevelopmentsontheinternetisE-commerce--2commerce.E-commercehastwoforms3business-to-businessorB-to-Bandbusiness-to-consumerorB-to-C.B-to-Cwasthefirstofthesedevelopments.Itgrew4fromthefirstdayswhenpeoplestartedtobuythingsfromtheirhomeswithoutgoingtoashop.Firstcame"catalogueshopping"5youchoosewhatyouwantfromacatalogue6picturesandotherdetailsofeverythingthatis7sale.Youthensendanorderwithacheckby8andthethingsyouhavechosensenttoyourhome.Then9"televisionshopping"where10acataloguetheitemsforsaleareshownor11ontelevisiontoattractthecustomer.12thecustomersendsacheckandtheitemisdeliveredtohisorherhome.B-to-Cisthe13developmentwherethe"catalogue"is14ontheinternetcombiningtheadvantagesofboththebookcatalogueandtiletelevisionandindeedaddingmore15Thecustomermakeshischoicebutratherthansendinganorderanda16throughthepostheplacestheorderandpaysforitusinghiscreditcardallusingthe17Manypeopleworryaboutgiving18oftheircreditcardovertheinternetandthedangerthatitmaybedeceitfullyused.19thegeneralviewisthatwithmodernsystemsofsecuremeasuresthedangersofthemisuseofcreditcardsis20greaterinashopgarageorrestaurantthaninusingitforshoppingontheinternet. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.15
信息是与物质意识并列的第三个更为广泛的概念这是
Text2AnAsianengineerisassignedtoaU.S.laboratoryandalmostsuffersanervousbreakdown.AU.S.executivetellshisstaffhe’sgoingtotreatthemfairly--andcreatesdissension.AJapanesemanagerispromotedbyhisAmericanpresidentbutwithinsixmonthsasksforatransfer.Eachofthesereal-lifecasesinvolvedpeoplewhowereregardedassuperioremployeesbutwereill-equippedtocopewiththecomplexitiesanddangersofinterculturalmanagement."Multinationalcompanieshavestudiedeverythingelsenowthey’refinallylookingatculture"saysCliffordClarkefounderandpresidentoftheCalifornia-basedIRIInternationalInc."NevershowtheshoetoanArabneverarriveintimeforapartyinBrazilandinJapandon’tthink’yes’means’yes’"adviseU.S.consultantsLennieCoplandandLewisBrownGriggswhohaveproducedaseriesoffilmsandabooktohelpmanagersimprovetheirinternationalbusinessskills.Butsimplylearningthesocial"dos"and"don’ts"isnottheansweraccordingtothenewculturespecialists.Thepenaltiesforignoringdifferentthinkingpatternstheypointoutcanbedisastrous.ForexampletheAmericanmanagerwhopromisedtobefairthoughthewastellinghisJapanesestaffthattheirhardworkwouldberewardedbutwhensomeworkersreceivedhighersalaryincreasesthanotherstherewerecomplaints."Youtoldusyou’dbefairandyouliedtous"accusedonesalesman."Ittookmeayearandahalf"sighedtheAmerican"torealizethat’fair’tomystaffmeantbeingtreatedequally."TheAsianengineerwhosufferedinAmericawasthevictimofanothermistakenexpectation."HewasaccustomedtothewarmgroupenvironmentsotypicalinJapan"saidhisU.S.manager."Butinourcompanywe’reallexpectedtobeself-starterswhothriveonworkingalone.Forhimitwasemotionalstarvation.He’smadetheadjustmentnowbuthe’dbehumiliatedifItoldyouhisnamethat’sanotherculturaldifference."TheJapanesemanagerwhofailedtorespondtohispromotioncouldn’tbringhimselftousethemoredirectlanguageneededtocommunicatewithhisBoston-basedsuperiors."Iusedtothinkallthistalkaboutculturalcommunicationwasalogofbaloney"saysEugeneJ.FlathpresidentofIntelJapanLtd.asubsidiaryoftheAmericansemiconductormaker."NowIcanseeit’sarealproblem.Miscommunicationhasslowedourabilitytocoordinateactionwithourhomeoffice."That’swhyIntelwiththehelpofconsultantClarkebegananinterculturaltrainingprogramthisspringwhichFlathexpectswilldramaticallyreducedecision-makingtimenowlostinmakingsuretheAmericansandtheJapaneseunderstandeachother. ThepromotedJapanesemanageraskedforatransferbecause
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10PointsWiththerapidspreadoftheinterneteyewhereintheworldandthe1numberofusersoneofthemostexcitingdevelopmentsontheinternetisE-commerce--2commerce.E-commercehastwoforms3business-to-businessorB-to-Bandbusiness-to-consumerorB-to-C.B-to-Cwasthefirstofthesedevelopments.Itgrew4fromthefirstdayswhenpeoplestartedtobuythingsfromtheirhomeswithoutgoingtoashop.Firstcame"catalogueshopping"5youchoosewhatyouwantfromacatalogue6picturesandotherdetailsofeverythingthatis7sale.Youthensendanorderwithacheckby8andthethingsyouhavechosensenttoyourhome.Then9"televisionshopping"where10acataloguetheitemsforsaleareshownor11ontelevisiontoattractthecustomer.12thecustomersendsacheckandtheitemisdeliveredtohisorherhome.B-to-Cisthe13developmentwherethe"catalogue"is14ontheinternetcombiningtheadvantagesofboththebookcatalogueandtiletelevisionandindeedaddingmore15Thecustomermakeshischoicebutratherthansendinganorderanda16throughthepostheplacestheorderandpaysforitusinghiscreditcardallusingthe17Manypeopleworryaboutgiving18oftheircreditcardovertheinternetandthedangerthatitmaybedeceitfullyused.19thegeneralviewisthatwithmodernsystemsofsecuremeasuresthedangersofthemisuseofcreditcardsis20greaterinashopgarageorrestaurantthaninusingitforshoppingontheinternet. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.19
PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.10Points46TheEnglishlanguageisbeingdestroyedbya"deadlyvirusofmanagement-speak"whichhasinfectedthemouthsandmindsofpoliticianslikeTonyBlairandGeorgeW.BushaleadingUKjournalistsaidrecently.TheBritishPrimeMinisterandhisallytheU.S.Presidentaremanglingthelanguagedestroyingitsmeaningbyavoidingtheuseofverbstwistingnounsintoverbsandendlesslyrepeatingphrasesuntiltheybecome"zombified"."It’sdeeplydepressing"saysJohnHumphrysoneofBritain’sleadingpoliticaljournalistsandtheauthorofanewbook"LostforWords".Humphys’booklamentsthegrowthof"clicheddumbed-downinflatedandbogusmanagement-speak"whichhesaysnowpassesforEnglish.47Inparticularhecriticizespoliticalleadersforbeingsuckedintousingmeaninglessphrasesandunimaginativewordstodisguisepoliciesorprotectthemselvesfromresponsibility.Humphryshasbeenajournalistfor45yearsandinhiscurrentpostasapresenteronBBCradio’snewsandcurrentaffairsprogram"Today"heregularlyinterviewsworldleaders."Thewholeessenceofagoodlivelydemocracyisthatonehasgoodlivelyargument"hetoldreportersinaninterview."Butthiskindoflanguagekillsrealdebate."48"Andnobodyispreparedtostandupandsay:’whatdoesthatmean.*’becausetheassumptionismadethatifyoudon’tknowwhatitmeansthenthereissomethingwrongwithyou."49HumphryssaystheoriginalwrongdoersinthedestructionofEnglishare"businessleaderswhoaretryingtoselltheirownparticulartheoriesandhaveinventedtheirownridiculousphrasesandvocabularytoaccompanythosetheories."Butforhimthemoresinisterdevelopmentisthatsuchlanguagehastakenrootinpoliticaldiscourse.HumphryspicksonBush--whooncefamouslyusedtheword“misunderestimate”--andpokesfunathimassomeonewho"oftenspeaksasthoughEnglishwerehissecondlanguage."50HealsolabelstheU.S.leadera"masterofthelanguageofpoliticalmanipulation"andaccuseshimofsweepingasideallthenuancesofnotionslikefreedomtruthanddemocracy.Andinsteadhefiresthewordsoutlike"dum-dumbullets."Blairtooissingledoutasakingoflanguagecorruption.HumphrysnotesBlair’sapparentfearofverbsandmocksinhisspeecheswhicharepepperedwithverblessphraseslike"newchallengesnewideas"or"forouryoungpeopleabrighterfuture"and"theageofachievementathomeandabroad."ByusingthistechniqueHumphryssaysBlairissimplyevadingresponsibility. HumphryssaystheoriginalwrongdoersinthedestructionofEnglisharebusinessleaderswhoaretryingtoselltheirownparticulartheoriesandhaveinventedtheirownridiculousphrasesandvocabularytoaccompanythosetheories.
感染性休克的治疗原则
Directions: Afterbeinginvolvedinanaccidentyouweresenttoahospitalbyanotherperson.Writealettertoexpressyourthanks. Writeyourletterwithnolessthan100words.WriteitneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter;use"LiMing"instead.Youdonotneedtowritetheaddress.10points
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10PointsWiththerapidspreadoftheinterneteyewhereintheworldandthe1numberofusersoneofthemostexcitingdevelopmentsontheinternetisE-commerce--2commerce.E-commercehastwoforms3business-to-businessorB-to-Bandbusiness-to-consumerorB-to-C.B-to-Cwasthefirstofthesedevelopments.Itgrew4fromthefirstdayswhenpeoplestartedtobuythingsfromtheirhomeswithoutgoingtoashop.Firstcame"catalogueshopping"5youchoosewhatyouwantfromacatalogue6picturesandotherdetailsofeverythingthatis7sale.Youthensendanorderwithacheckby8andthethingsyouhavechosensenttoyourhome.Then9"televisionshopping"where10acataloguetheitemsforsaleareshownor11ontelevisiontoattractthecustomer.12thecustomersendsacheckandtheitemisdeliveredtohisorherhome.B-to-Cisthe13developmentwherethe"catalogue"is14ontheinternetcombiningtheadvantagesofboththebookcatalogueandtiletelevisionandindeedaddingmore15Thecustomermakeshischoicebutratherthansendinganorderanda16throughthepostheplacestheorderandpaysforitusinghiscreditcardallusingthe17Manypeopleworryaboutgiving18oftheircreditcardovertheinternetandthedangerthatitmaybedeceitfullyused.19thegeneralviewisthatwithmodernsystemsofsecuremeasuresthedangersofthemisuseofcreditcardsis20greaterinashopgarageorrestaurantthaninusingitforshoppingontheinternet. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.17
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10PointsWiththerapidspreadoftheinterneteyewhereintheworldandthe1numberofusersoneofthemostexcitingdevelopmentsontheinternetisE-commerce--2commerce.E-commercehastwoforms3business-to-businessorB-to-Bandbusiness-to-consumerorB-to-C.B-to-Cwasthefirstofthesedevelopments.Itgrew4fromthefirstdayswhenpeoplestartedtobuythingsfromtheirhomeswithoutgoingtoashop.Firstcame"catalogueshopping"5youchoosewhatyouwantfromacatalogue6picturesandotherdetailsofeverythingthatis7sale.Youthensendanorderwithacheckby8andthethingsyouhavechosensenttoyourhome.Then9"televisionshopping"where10acataloguetheitemsforsaleareshownor11ontelevisiontoattractthecustomer.12thecustomersendsacheckandtheitemisdeliveredtohisorherhome.B-to-Cisthe13developmentwherethe"catalogue"is14ontheinternetcombiningtheadvantagesofboththebookcatalogueandtiletelevisionandindeedaddingmore15Thecustomermakeshischoicebutratherthansendinganorderanda16throughthepostheplacestheorderandpaysforitusinghiscreditcardallusingthe17Manypeopleworryaboutgiving18oftheircreditcardovertheinternetandthedangerthatitmaybedeceitfullyused.19thegeneralviewisthatwithmodernsystemsofsecuremeasuresthedangersofthemisuseofcreditcardsis20greaterinashopgarageorrestaurantthaninusingitforshoppingontheinternet. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.3
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10PointsWiththerapidspreadoftheinterneteyewhereintheworldandthe1numberofusersoneofthemostexcitingdevelopmentsontheinternetisE-commerce--2commerce.E-commercehastwoforms3business-to-businessorB-to-Bandbusiness-to-consumerorB-to-C.B-to-Cwasthefirstofthesedevelopments.Itgrew4fromthefirstdayswhenpeoplestartedtobuythingsfromtheirhomeswithoutgoingtoashop.Firstcame"catalogueshopping"5youchoosewhatyouwantfromacatalogue6picturesandotherdetailsofeverythingthatis7sale.Youthensendanorderwithacheckby8andthethingsyouhavechosensenttoyourhome.Then9"televisionshopping"where10acataloguetheitemsforsaleareshownor11ontelevisiontoattractthecustomer.12thecustomersendsacheckandtheitemisdeliveredtohisorherhome.B-to-Cisthe13developmentwherethe"catalogue"is14ontheinternetcombiningtheadvantagesofboththebookcatalogueandtiletelevisionandindeedaddingmore15Thecustomermakeshischoicebutratherthansendinganorderanda16throughthepostheplacestheorderandpaysforitusinghiscreditcardallusingthe17Manypeopleworryaboutgiving18oftheircreditcardovertheinternetandthedangerthatitmaybedeceitfullyused.19thegeneralviewisthatwithmodernsystemsofsecuremeasuresthedangersofthemisuseofcreditcardsis20greaterinashopgarageorrestaurantthaninusingitforshoppingontheinternet. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.7
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10PointsWiththerapidspreadoftheinterneteyewhereintheworldandthe1numberofusersoneofthemostexcitingdevelopmentsontheinternetisE-commerce--2commerce.E-commercehastwoforms3business-to-businessorB-to-Bandbusiness-to-consumerorB-to-C.B-to-Cwasthefirstofthesedevelopments.Itgrew4fromthefirstdayswhenpeoplestartedtobuythingsfromtheirhomeswithoutgoingtoashop.Firstcame"catalogueshopping"5youchoosewhatyouwantfromacatalogue6picturesandotherdetailsofeverythingthatis7sale.Youthensendanorderwithacheckby8andthethingsyouhavechosensenttoyourhome.Then9"televisionshopping"where10acataloguetheitemsforsaleareshownor11ontelevisiontoattractthecustomer.12thecustomersendsacheckandtheitemisdeliveredtohisorherhome.B-to-Cisthe13developmentwherethe"catalogue"is14ontheinternetcombiningtheadvantagesofboththebookcatalogueandtiletelevisionandindeedaddingmore15Thecustomermakeshischoicebutratherthansendinganorderanda16throughthepostheplacestheorderandpaysforitusinghiscreditcardallusingthe17Manypeopleworryaboutgiving18oftheircreditcardovertheinternetandthedangerthatitmaybedeceitfullyused.19thegeneralviewisthatwithmodernsystemsofsecuremeasuresthedangersofthemisuseofcreditcardsis20greaterinashopgarageorrestaurantthaninusingitforshoppingontheinternet. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.9
PartBDirections:Youaregoingtoreadatextabouthowtowinrespectintheworkplacefollowedbyalistofexamples.ChoosethebestexamplefromthelistA-Fforeachnumberedsubheading41-45.Thereisoneextraexamplewhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.10pointsJunewaspartofateamthathadstruggledhardtofinishadifficultassignment."Iwantedtocallitadayandgethomeasmuchasanyone"sherecalls.Butshefoundherselfsaying"I’msorrybutweneedtodosomemoreworkonthis."Suddenlyshewasthemostunpopularpersonintheroom.Nooneagreedwithherandsomewereopenlyangrythatshewasrockingtheboat."ButIstucktomyguns"shesays."WhenthereportwaspresentedwewerecommendedforpickingupontheverythingIsaidwe’dmissed.Iwasrightandeveryonehadtorespectthat."41Thepopularitytrap.Respectversuspopularity--itistheoldconflictbetweenbeingprofessionalandbeingpersonal.Wewanttodoagoodjobbutwewanttobefriendswitheveryonetoo.Thetruthisyoucan’talwaysbelikedifyoudoyourjobproperly.Andthedesiretokeepeveryonehappycanbecomeaweakness.42Attimesyouhavetobetough.AlthoughwewouldalllovetobeMs.PopularathomeandintheofficeatworkthetaskisnottobelikedbuttobeeffectivesayscomputersalesexecutiveAndrea.43Gentlepersuasion.Thewomanwhobuildsherprofessionaledgeinthiswayisn’tcondemnedtolonelinessandisolation.Youcanbefirmwithoutbeingunpleasantandbeingtoughdoesn’tmeanbeingrudeorconfrontational.Persuasiveandassertivearethewatchwords.44Respectisnevergivenfornothing.ClaireknewthatshewasofferedamovetoPariswithherfinancecompanybecauseshehadgainedareputationforkeepingcoolunderfire.AndthenextstepuptheladderwoulddependonherperformanceinParis.45Countdowntorespect.Keepyourowncounsel.Don’tshareallyourdilemmas.Evenifyouresolvethemyou’llhavelefttheimpressionthatyou’reindecisiveorunabletocopewithpressure. [A]"It’sessentialtobuildregardifyou’regoingtobeabletodowhatyouwantinyourjob"shesays.Winningrespectenhancesallyoudo.Aproposalforchangeismorelikelytobewellreceived;anapplicationforaraiseorarequestforpromotionismorelikelytosucceed. [B]"Atbest"saysmanagementconsultantJennieLumley"worryingaboutwhatothersthinkmakesusreactivewhenweneedtobeproactive.Atworstwe’resobusyplayingtheofficesweetheartthatwelosesightofthedemandsofthejobandourneeds." [C]Pathadtodealwithacolleaguewhohadbeenunderlong-termstress."Itwasadisaster"Patsays."Mycolleagueswerewillingtolistenandlendahandifsheneededhelp.Butitwasastumblingblockonhercareerpathandshedidn’tusethetimetolaythegroundworkoffuturerespectbybeingprofessional." [D]ThisisaparticularproblemforwomenprofessionsLumleyfinds."It’sachildhoodhangover.Wealllongtobethemostbeautifulgirlinschool.Alsogirlsarebroughtuptotrytoplease.Atworkmendon’tgiveathoughttowhatothersthinksolongastheygettheirway." [E]"Thisispossiblythesinglemostimportantlessonwecanlearn.Youcan’talwaysbepopular.Youshouldn’thavetobe;it’snotwhatyou’retherefor.Progressdependsonhavingyourownideasandstickingtothem.Andthatmeanshavingthecouragetomakedifficultdecisionswhenyouhaveto"shesays. [F]"Tomaketherightdecisionsandpushthemthroughyouwillneedtilekidglovemoreoftenthantheboxingglove"Lumleysuggests.Andasenseofhumorisvital. 43
手术前铺无菌手术巾的原则是
PartBDirections:Youaregoingtoreadatextabouthowtowinrespectintheworkplacefollowedbyalistofexamples.ChoosethebestexamplefromthelistA-Fforeachnumberedsubheading41-45.Thereisoneextraexamplewhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.10pointsJunewaspartofateamthathadstruggledhardtofinishadifficultassignment."Iwantedtocallitadayandgethomeasmuchasanyone"sherecalls.Butshefoundherselfsaying"I’msorrybutweneedtodosomemoreworkonthis."Suddenlyshewasthemostunpopularpersonintheroom.Nooneagreedwithherandsomewereopenlyangrythatshewasrockingtheboat."ButIstucktomyguns"shesays."WhenthereportwaspresentedwewerecommendedforpickingupontheverythingIsaidwe’dmissed.Iwasrightandeveryonehadtorespectthat."41Thepopularitytrap.Respectversuspopularity--itistheoldconflictbetweenbeingprofessionalandbeingpersonal.Wewanttodoagoodjobbutwewanttobefriendswitheveryonetoo.Thetruthisyoucan’talwaysbelikedifyoudoyourjobproperly.Andthedesiretokeepeveryonehappycanbecomeaweakness.42Attimesyouhavetobetough.AlthoughwewouldalllovetobeMs.PopularathomeandintheofficeatworkthetaskisnottobelikedbuttobeeffectivesayscomputersalesexecutiveAndrea.43Gentlepersuasion.Thewomanwhobuildsherprofessionaledgeinthiswayisn’tcondemnedtolonelinessandisolation.Youcanbefirmwithoutbeingunpleasantandbeingtoughdoesn’tmeanbeingrudeorconfrontational.Persuasiveandassertivearethewatchwords.44Respectisnevergivenfornothing.ClaireknewthatshewasofferedamovetoPariswithherfinancecompanybecauseshehadgainedareputationforkeepingcoolunderfire.AndthenextstepuptheladderwoulddependonherperformanceinParis.45Countdowntorespect.Keepyourowncounsel.Don’tshareallyourdilemmas.Evenifyouresolvethemyou’llhavelefttheimpressionthatyou’reindecisiveorunabletocopewithpressure. [A]"It’sessentialtobuildregardifyou’regoingtobeabletodowhatyouwantinyourjob"shesays.Winningrespectenhancesallyoudo.Aproposalforchangeismorelikelytobewellreceived;anapplicationforaraiseorarequestforpromotionismorelikelytosucceed. [B]"Atbest"saysmanagementconsultantJennieLumley"worryingaboutwhatothersthinkmakesusreactivewhenweneedtobeproactive.Atworstwe’resobusyplayingtheofficesweetheartthatwelosesightofthedemandsofthejobandourneeds." [C]Pathadtodealwithacolleaguewhohadbeenunderlong-termstress."Itwasadisaster"Patsays."Mycolleagueswerewillingtolistenandlendahandifsheneededhelp.Butitwasastumblingblockonhercareerpathandshedidn’tusethetimetolaythegroundworkoffuturerespectbybeingprofessional." [D]ThisisaparticularproblemforwomenprofessionsLumleyfinds."It’sachildhoodhangover.Wealllongtobethemostbeautifulgirlinschool.Alsogirlsarebroughtuptotrytoplease.Atworkmendon’tgiveathoughttowhatothersthinksolongastheygettheirway." [E]"Thisispossiblythesinglemostimportantlessonwecanlearn.Youcan’talwaysbepopular.Youshouldn’thavetobe;it’snotwhatyou’retherefor.Progressdependsonhavingyourownideasandstickingtothem.Andthatmeanshavingthecouragetomakedifficultdecisionswhenyouhaveto"shesays. [F]"Tomaketherightdecisionsandpushthemthroughyouwillneedtilekidglovemoreoftenthantheboxingglove"Lumleysuggests.Andasenseofhumorisvital. 41
SectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.40PointsText1AtanofficeinHamptonVirginiaintheeastoftheUnitedStatesateamoftennetsavvyworkerssourcesthewebforsexualcontentfrombasicsexeducationtosexacts.This"qualityassurance"teamismakingsurethattheblockingcomponentofSymantec’sNortonInternetSecurity2000computerprogramremainseffective.Thisisbecausethereiswidespreadparentalconcernaboutblockingwebsiteswithsexualcontentfromchildren.Websiteblockingisnothingnew--serviceslikeNetNannyandprogramslikeCyberPatrolandGuardDoghavebeenaroundforafewyearsnowprotectingchildrenandreassuringparentsthatonlywholesomewebsitesareaccessedbytheyoungsters.NetNannyandCyberPatrolwillpreventaccesstoanyquestionablesiteswhentheprogramisinplaceNowSymantecsaysithascreatedanewcategoryinconsumersoftwarewithapackagethatcombineswebsiteblockingwitha"firewall"protectingyourcomputerfromhackersandvirusesaswellaspreventingcarelessdisclosureofpersonaldata.InshortNortonInternetSecurityastheprogramiscalledisdesignedtoserveastheguardianofyourdigitalhealthkeepingthebadthingsoutandtheprivatethingsin.TheSymantecprogramcanbeconfiguredinmanywaysthewebsiteblockingforexamplecanbesettobeeitherselectivelypermissiveortotalinitsbanningofwebsitesorswitchedoffentirely.AlsoSymantec’slistofno-goareaswhichontheCDnowstandataround36000addressedisnotconfinedtosexsites.TheteaminVirginiaisalsoonthelookoutforsitesadvocatingdragsorwhichcontainreferencestoviolenceorgamblingandkeepsawatchonchatroomse-mailservicesentertainmentportals--evenjobsearchandfinancialpages.Thesesitescanbeblockedbytheprogram.ComputeruserscanalsorefreshtheaddresslistonlinewiththeLiveupdatefeaturewhichisusedbyNortonAnti-ViruswhichisbundledwithNIStoloadthelatestvirusdefinitions.Thisserviceisfreeforthefirstyearbutincludingvirusdefinitionupdates;itcosts$19.95ayearthere-after.Thesystemisnotperfecthowever.Limitedtestingfoundtheblockingofsome"questionable"siteswasnotcomprehensive.Tryingtogetaccesstoawell-knownUSsitesuchasPlayboyresultsinanimmediateblockingmessagewithastandardinvitationtoreportan"incorrectlycategorized"site.BycontrastyoucouldfindinothercountriessuchasNewZealandasexsitewhichdeclareditselftobe"dedicatedtoprovidingsexualmaterialimagedandanythingalittlebitunusualforsexenthusiastsalloverthecountry. Symantecmightnotblock
Text3Livingstandardssoaredduringthetwentiethcenturyandeconomistsexpectthemtocontinuerisinginthedecadesahead.DoesthatmeanthatwehumanscanlookforwardtoincreasinghappinessEasterlinadmitsthatricherpeoplearemorelikelytoreportthemselvesasbeinghappierthanpoorerpeopleare.ButsteadyimprovementsintheAmericaneconomyhavenotbeenaccompaniedbysteadyincreasesinpeople’sself-assessmentsoftheirownhappiness."TherehasbeennotimprovementinaveragehappinessintheUnitedStatesoveralmostahalfcentury--aperiodinwhichrealGDPgrossdomesticproductpercapitalmorethandoubled"Easterlinreports.Theexplanationforthisparadoxmaybethatpeoplebecomelesssatisfiedovertimewithagivenlevelofincome.InEasterlin’sword:"Asincomesrisetheaspirationleveldoestooandtheeffectofthisincreaseinaspirationsistoinvalidatetheexpectedgrowthinhappinessduetohigherincome."MoneycanbuyhappinessEasterlinseemstobesayingbutonlyifone’samountsgetbiggerandotherpeoplearen’tgettingmore.HisanalysishelpstoexplainsociologistLeeRainwater’sfindingthatAmericans’perceptionoftheincome"necessarytogetalong"rosebetween1950and1986inthesameproportionasactualpercapitalincome.Wefeelrichifwehavemorethanourneighborspoorifwehavelessandfeelingrelativelywelloffisequatedwithbeinghappy.Easterlin’sfindingschallengepsychologistAbrahamMaslow’s"hierarchyofwants"asareliableguidetofuturehumanmotivation.Maslowsuggestedthataspeople’sbasicmaterialwantsaresatisfiedtheyseektoachievenonmaterialorspiritualgoals.ButEasterlin’sevidencepointstothepersistenceofmaterialism.Sciencehasdevelopednocureforenvysoourwealthboostsourhappinessonlybrieflywhileshrinkingthatofourneighbors.ThustheoutlookforthefutureisgloomyinEasterlin’sview:"Thefuturethentowhichtheeraofmodemeconomicgrowthisleadingisoneofneverendingeconomicgrowthaworldinwhichevergrowingabundanceismatchedbyeverrisingaspirationsaworldinwhichculturaldifferenceisleveledintheconstantracetoachievethegoodlifeofmaterialplentyitisaworldfoundedonbeliefinscienceandthepowerofrationalinquiryandintheultimatecapacityofhumanitytoshapeitsowndestiny.Theironyisthatinthislastrespectthelessonofhistoryappearstobeotherwise:thatthereisnochoice.Intheenditisnotthetriumphofhumanityovermaterialwants;ratheritisthetriumphofmaterialwantsoverhumanity." Theauthororganizesthepassageby
Text3Livingstandardssoaredduringthetwentiethcenturyandeconomistsexpectthemtocontinuerisinginthedecadesahead.DoesthatmeanthatwehumanscanlookforwardtoincreasinghappinessEasterlinadmitsthatricherpeoplearemorelikelytoreportthemselvesasbeinghappierthanpoorerpeopleare.ButsteadyimprovementsintheAmericaneconomyhavenotbeenaccompaniedbysteadyincreasesinpeople’sself-assessmentsoftheirownhappiness."TherehasbeennotimprovementinaveragehappinessintheUnitedStatesoveralmostahalfcentury--aperiodinwhichrealGDPgrossdomesticproductpercapitalmorethandoubled"Easterlinreports.Theexplanationforthisparadoxmaybethatpeoplebecomelesssatisfiedovertimewithagivenlevelofincome.InEasterlin’sword:"Asincomesrisetheaspirationleveldoestooandtheeffectofthisincreaseinaspirationsistoinvalidatetheexpectedgrowthinhappinessduetohigherincome."MoneycanbuyhappinessEasterlinseemstobesayingbutonlyifone’samountsgetbiggerandotherpeoplearen’tgettingmore.HisanalysishelpstoexplainsociologistLeeRainwater’sfindingthatAmericans’perceptionoftheincome"necessarytogetalong"rosebetween1950and1986inthesameproportionasactualpercapitalincome.Wefeelrichifwehavemorethanourneighborspoorifwehavelessandfeelingrelativelywelloffisequatedwithbeinghappy.Easterlin’sfindingschallengepsychologistAbrahamMaslow’s"hierarchyofwants"asareliableguidetofuturehumanmotivation.Maslowsuggestedthataspeople’sbasicmaterialwantsaresatisfiedtheyseektoachievenonmaterialorspiritualgoals.ButEasterlin’sevidencepointstothepersistenceofmaterialism.Sciencehasdevelopednocureforenvysoourwealthboostsourhappinessonlybrieflywhileshrinkingthatofourneighbors.ThustheoutlookforthefutureisgloomyinEasterlin’sview:"Thefuturethentowhichtheeraofmodemeconomicgrowthisleadingisoneofneverendingeconomicgrowthaworldinwhichevergrowingabundanceismatchedbyeverrisingaspirationsaworldinwhichculturaldifferenceisleveledintheconstantracetoachievethegoodlifeofmaterialplentyitisaworldfoundedonbeliefinscienceandthepowerofrationalinquiryandintheultimatecapacityofhumanitytoshapeitsowndestiny.Theironyisthatinthislastrespectthelessonofhistoryappearstobeotherwise:thatthereisnochoice.Intheenditisnotthetriumphofhumanityovermaterialwants;ratheritisthetriumphofmaterialwantsoverhumanity." Accordingtothepassagewecantellthat
Text4Defendersofspecialprotectivelaborlegislationforwomenoftenmaintainthateliminatingsuchlawswoulddestroythefruitsofacenturylongstrugglefortheprotectionofwomenworkers.Evenabriefexaminationofthehistoricpracticeofcourtsandemployerswouldshowthatthefruitofsuchlawshasbeenbitter:theyareinpracticemoreofacursethanablessing.Sex-definedprotectivelawshaveoftenbeenbasedonstereotypicalassumptionsconcerningwomen’sneedsandabilitiesandemployershavefrequentlyusedthemaslegalexcusesfordiscriminatingagainstwomen.AftertheSecondWorldWarforexamplebusinessesandgovernmentsoughttopersuadewomentovacatejobsinfactoriesthusmakingroominthelaborforceforreturningveterans.Therevivalorpassageofstatelawslimitingthedailyorweeklyworkhoursofwomenconvenientlyaccomplishedthis.Employershadonlytodeclarethatovertimehourswereanecessaryconditionofemploymentorpromotionintheirfactoryandwomencouldbequitelegallyfiredre-fusedjobsorkeptatlowwagelevelsallinthenameof"protecting"theirhealth.Byvalidatingsuchlawswhentheyarechallengedbylawsuitsthecourtshaveconspiredovertheyearsinestablishingdifferentlessadvantageousemploymenttermsforwomen’scompetitivenessonthejobmarket.Atthesametimeeventhemostwell-intentionedlawmakerscourtsandemployershaveof-tenbeenblindtotherealneedsofwomen.Thelawmakersandthecourtscontinuetopermitemployerstoofferemployeehealthinsuranceplansthatcoverallknownhumanmedicaldisabilitiesexceptthoserelatingtopregnancyandchildbirth.Finallylaborlawsprotectingonlyspecialgroupsareoftenineffectiveatprotectingtheworkerswhoareactuallyintheworkplace.Somechemicalsforexampleposereproductiverisksforwomenofchildbearingyears;manufacturersusingthechemicalscomplywithlawsprotectingwomenagainstthesehazardsbyrefusingtohirethem.Thusthesex-definedlegislationprotectsthehypotheticalfemaleworkerbuthasnoeffectwhateveronthesafetyofanyactualemployee.Thehealthriskstomaleemployeesinsuchindustriescannotbenegligiblesincechemicalstoxicenoughtocausebirthdefectsinfetusesinwomenarepresumablyharmfultothehumanmetabolism.Protectivelawsaimedatchangingproductionmaterialsortechniquesinordertoreducesuchhazardswouldbenefitallemployeeswithoutdiscriminatingagainstany.Insumprotectivelaborlawsforwomenarediscriminatoryanddonotmeettheirintendedpurpose.Legislatorsshouldrecognizethatwomenareintheworkforcetostayandthattheirneeds--goodhealthcareadecentwageandasafeworkplace--aretheneedsofallworkers.Lawsthatignorethesefactsviolatewomen’srightsforequalprotectioninemployment. TheauthorplacesthewordprotectingLine8Paragraph2inquotationmarktosuggestthat
PartBDirections:Youaregoingtoreadatextabouthowtowinrespectintheworkplacefollowedbyalistofexamples.ChoosethebestexamplefromthelistA-Fforeachnumberedsubheading41-45.Thereisoneextraexamplewhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.10pointsJunewaspartofateamthathadstruggledhardtofinishadifficultassignment."Iwantedtocallitadayandgethomeasmuchasanyone"sherecalls.Butshefoundherselfsaying"I’msorrybutweneedtodosomemoreworkonthis."Suddenlyshewasthemostunpopularpersonintheroom.Nooneagreedwithherandsomewereopenlyangrythatshewasrockingtheboat."ButIstucktomyguns"shesays."WhenthereportwaspresentedwewerecommendedforpickingupontheverythingIsaidwe’dmissed.Iwasrightandeveryonehadtorespectthat."41Thepopularitytrap.Respectversuspopularity--itistheoldconflictbetweenbeingprofessionalandbeingpersonal.Wewanttodoagoodjobbutwewanttobefriendswitheveryonetoo.Thetruthisyoucan’talwaysbelikedifyoudoyourjobproperly.Andthedesiretokeepeveryonehappycanbecomeaweakness.42Attimesyouhavetobetough.AlthoughwewouldalllovetobeMs.PopularathomeandintheofficeatworkthetaskisnottobelikedbuttobeeffectivesayscomputersalesexecutiveAndrea.43Gentlepersuasion.Thewomanwhobuildsherprofessionaledgeinthiswayisn’tcondemnedtolonelinessandisolation.Youcanbefirmwithoutbeingunpleasantandbeingtoughdoesn’tmeanbeingrudeorconfrontational.Persuasiveandassertivearethewatchwords.44Respectisnevergivenfornothing.ClaireknewthatshewasofferedamovetoPariswithherfinancecompanybecauseshehadgainedareputationforkeepingcoolunderfire.AndthenextstepuptheladderwoulddependonherperformanceinParis.45Countdowntorespect.Keepyourowncounsel.Don’tshareallyourdilemmas.Evenifyouresolvethemyou’llhavelefttheimpressionthatyou’reindecisiveorunabletocopewithpressure. [A]"It’sessentialtobuildregardifyou’regoingtobeabletodowhatyouwantinyourjob"shesays.Winningrespectenhancesallyoudo.Aproposalforchangeismorelikelytobewellreceived;anapplicationforaraiseorarequestforpromotionismorelikelytosucceed. [B]"Atbest"saysmanagementconsultantJennieLumley"worryingaboutwhatothersthinkmakesusreactivewhenweneedtobeproactive.Atworstwe’resobusyplayingtheofficesweetheartthatwelosesightofthedemandsofthejobandourneeds." [C]Pathadtodealwithacolleaguewhohadbeenunderlong-termstress."Itwasadisaster"Patsays."Mycolleagueswerewillingtolistenandlendahandifsheneededhelp.Butitwasastumblingblockonhercareerpathandshedidn’tusethetimetolaythegroundworkoffuturerespectbybeingprofessional." [D]ThisisaparticularproblemforwomenprofessionsLumleyfinds."It’sachildhoodhangover.Wealllongtobethemostbeautifulgirlinschool.Alsogirlsarebroughtuptotrytoplease.Atworkmendon’tgiveathoughttowhatothersthinksolongastheygettheirway." [E]"Thisispossiblythesinglemostimportantlessonwecanlearn.Youcan’talwaysbepopular.Youshouldn’thavetobe;it’snotwhatyou’retherefor.Progressdependsonhavingyourownideasandstickingtothem.Andthatmeanshavingthecouragetomakedifficultdecisionswhenyouhaveto"shesays. [F]"Tomaketherightdecisionsandpushthemthroughyouwillneedtilekidglovemoreoftenthantheboxingglove"Lumleysuggests.Andasenseofhumorisvital. 45
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10PointsWiththerapidspreadoftheinterneteyewhereintheworldandthe1numberofusersoneofthemostexcitingdevelopmentsontheinternetisE-commerce--2commerce.E-commercehastwoforms3business-to-businessorB-to-Bandbusiness-to-consumerorB-to-C.B-to-Cwasthefirstofthesedevelopments.Itgrew4fromthefirstdayswhenpeoplestartedtobuythingsfromtheirhomeswithoutgoingtoashop.Firstcame"catalogueshopping"5youchoosewhatyouwantfromacatalogue6picturesandotherdetailsofeverythingthatis7sale.Youthensendanorderwithacheckby8andthethingsyouhavechosensenttoyourhome.Then9"televisionshopping"where10acataloguetheitemsforsaleareshownor11ontelevisiontoattractthecustomer.12thecustomersendsacheckandtheitemisdeliveredtohisorherhome.B-to-Cisthe13developmentwherethe"catalogue"is14ontheinternetcombiningtheadvantagesofboththebookcatalogueandtiletelevisionandindeedaddingmore15Thecustomermakeshischoicebutratherthansendinganorderanda16throughthepostheplacestheorderandpaysforitusinghiscreditcardallusingthe17Manypeopleworryaboutgiving18oftheircreditcardovertheinternetandthedangerthatitmaybedeceitfullyused.19thegeneralviewisthatwithmodernsystemsofsecuremeasuresthedangersofthemisuseofcreditcardsis20greaterinashopgarageorrestaurantthaninusingitforshoppingontheinternet. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.11
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10PointsWiththerapidspreadoftheinterneteyewhereintheworldandthe1numberofusersoneofthemostexcitingdevelopmentsontheinternetisE-commerce--2commerce.E-commercehastwoforms3business-to-businessorB-to-Bandbusiness-to-consumerorB-to-C.B-to-Cwasthefirstofthesedevelopments.Itgrew4fromthefirstdayswhenpeoplestartedtobuythingsfromtheirhomeswithoutgoingtoashop.Firstcame"catalogueshopping"5youchoosewhatyouwantfromacatalogue6picturesandotherdetailsofeverythingthatis7sale.Youthensendanorderwithacheckby8andthethingsyouhavechosensenttoyourhome.Then9"televisionshopping"where10acataloguetheitemsforsaleareshownor11ontelevisiontoattractthecustomer.12thecustomersendsacheckandtheitemisdeliveredtohisorherhome.B-to-Cisthe13developmentwherethe"catalogue"is14ontheinternetcombiningtheadvantagesofboththebookcatalogueandtiletelevisionandindeedaddingmore15Thecustomermakeshischoicebutratherthansendinganorderanda16throughthepostheplacestheorderandpaysforitusinghiscreditcardallusingthe17Manypeopleworryaboutgiving18oftheircreditcardovertheinternetandthedangerthatitmaybedeceitfullyused.19thegeneralviewisthatwithmodernsystemsofsecuremeasuresthedangersofthemisuseofcreditcardsis20greaterinashopgarageorrestaurantthaninusingitforshoppingontheinternet. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.13
PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.10Points46TheEnglishlanguageisbeingdestroyedbya"deadlyvirusofmanagement-speak"whichhasinfectedthemouthsandmindsofpoliticianslikeTonyBlairandGeorgeW.BushaleadingUKjournalistsaidrecently.TheBritishPrimeMinisterandhisallytheU.S.Presidentaremanglingthelanguagedestroyingitsmeaningbyavoidingtheuseofverbstwistingnounsintoverbsandendlesslyrepeatingphrasesuntiltheybecome"zombified"."It’sdeeplydepressing"saysJohnHumphrysoneofBritain’sleadingpoliticaljournalistsandtheauthorofanewbook"LostforWords".Humphys’booklamentsthegrowthof"clicheddumbed-downinflatedandbogusmanagement-speak"whichhesaysnowpassesforEnglish.47Inparticularhecriticizespoliticalleadersforbeingsuckedintousingmeaninglessphrasesandunimaginativewordstodisguisepoliciesorprotectthemselvesfromresponsibility.Humphryshasbeenajournalistfor45yearsandinhiscurrentpostasapresenteronBBCradio’snewsandcurrentaffairsprogram"Today"heregularlyinterviewsworldleaders."Thewholeessenceofagoodlivelydemocracyisthatonehasgoodlivelyargument"hetoldreportersinaninterview."Butthiskindoflanguagekillsrealdebate."48"Andnobodyispreparedtostandupandsay:’whatdoesthatmean.*’becausetheassumptionismadethatifyoudon’tknowwhatitmeansthenthereissomethingwrongwithyou."49HumphryssaystheoriginalwrongdoersinthedestructionofEnglishare"businessleaderswhoaretryingtoselltheirownparticulartheoriesandhaveinventedtheirownridiculousphrasesandvocabularytoaccompanythosetheories."Butforhimthemoresinisterdevelopmentisthatsuchlanguagehastakenrootinpoliticaldiscourse.HumphryspicksonBush--whooncefamouslyusedtheword“misunderestimate”--andpokesfunathimassomeonewho"oftenspeaksasthoughEnglishwerehissecondlanguage."50HealsolabelstheU.S.leadera"masterofthelanguageofpoliticalmanipulation"andaccuseshimofsweepingasideallthenuancesofnotionslikefreedomtruthanddemocracy.Andinsteadhefiresthewordsoutlike"dum-dumbullets."Blairtooissingledoutasakingoflanguagecorruption.HumphrysnotesBlair’sapparentfearofverbsandmocksinhisspeecheswhicharepepperedwithverblessphraseslike"newchallengesnewideas"or"forouryoungpeopleabrighterfuture"and"theageofachievementathomeandabroad."ByusingthistechniqueHumphryssaysBlairissimplyevadingresponsibility. Inparticularhecriticizespoliticalleadersforbeingsuckedintousingmeaninglessphrasesandunimaginativewordstodisguisepoliciesorprotectthemselvesfromresponsibility.
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10PointsWiththerapidspreadoftheinterneteyewhereintheworldandthe1numberofusersoneofthemostexcitingdevelopmentsontheinternetisE-commerce--2commerce.E-commercehastwoforms3business-to-businessorB-to-Bandbusiness-to-consumerorB-to-C.B-to-Cwasthefirstofthesedevelopments.Itgrew4fromthefirstdayswhenpeoplestartedtobuythingsfromtheirhomeswithoutgoingtoashop.Firstcame"catalogueshopping"5youchoosewhatyouwantfromacatalogue6picturesandotherdetailsofeverythingthatis7sale.Youthensendanorderwithacheckby8andthethingsyouhavechosensenttoyourhome.Then9"televisionshopping"where10acataloguetheitemsforsaleareshownor11ontelevisiontoattractthecustomer.12thecustomersendsacheckandtheitemisdeliveredtohisorherhome.B-to-Cisthe13developmentwherethe"catalogue"is14ontheinternetcombiningtheadvantagesofboththebookcatalogueandtiletelevisionandindeedaddingmore15Thecustomermakeshischoicebutratherthansendinganorderanda16throughthepostheplacestheorderandpaysforitusinghiscreditcardallusingthe17Manypeopleworryaboutgiving18oftheircreditcardovertheinternetandthedangerthatitmaybedeceitfullyused.19thegeneralviewisthatwithmodernsystemsofsecuremeasuresthedangersofthemisuseofcreditcardsis20greaterinashopgarageorrestaurantthaninusingitforshoppingontheinternet. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.1
SectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.40PointsText1AtanofficeinHamptonVirginiaintheeastoftheUnitedStatesateamoftennetsavvyworkerssourcesthewebforsexualcontentfrombasicsexeducationtosexacts.This"qualityassurance"teamismakingsurethattheblockingcomponentofSymantec’sNortonInternetSecurity2000computerprogramremainseffective.Thisisbecausethereiswidespreadparentalconcernaboutblockingwebsiteswithsexualcontentfromchildren.Websiteblockingisnothingnew--serviceslikeNetNannyandprogramslikeCyberPatrolandGuardDoghavebeenaroundforafewyearsnowprotectingchildrenandreassuringparentsthatonlywholesomewebsitesareaccessedbytheyoungsters.NetNannyandCyberPatrolwillpreventaccesstoanyquestionablesiteswhentheprogramisinplaceNowSymantecsaysithascreatedanewcategoryinconsumersoftwarewithapackagethatcombineswebsiteblockingwitha"firewall"protectingyourcomputerfromhackersandvirusesaswellaspreventingcarelessdisclosureofpersonaldata.InshortNortonInternetSecurityastheprogramiscalledisdesignedtoserveastheguardianofyourdigitalhealthkeepingthebadthingsoutandtheprivatethingsin.TheSymantecprogramcanbeconfiguredinmanywaysthewebsiteblockingforexamplecanbesettobeeitherselectivelypermissiveortotalinitsbanningofwebsitesorswitchedoffentirely.AlsoSymantec’slistofno-goareaswhichontheCDnowstandataround36000addressedisnotconfinedtosexsites.TheteaminVirginiaisalsoonthelookoutforsitesadvocatingdragsorwhichcontainreferencestoviolenceorgamblingandkeepsawatchonchatroomse-mailservicesentertainmentportals--evenjobsearchandfinancialpages.Thesesitescanbeblockedbytheprogram.ComputeruserscanalsorefreshtheaddresslistonlinewiththeLiveupdatefeaturewhichisusedbyNortonAnti-ViruswhichisbundledwithNIStoloadthelatestvirusdefinitions.Thisserviceisfreeforthefirstyearbutincludingvirusdefinitionupdates;itcosts$19.95ayearthere-after.Thesystemisnotperfecthowever.Limitedtestingfoundtheblockingofsome"questionable"siteswasnotcomprehensive.Tryingtogetaccesstoawell-knownUSsitesuchasPlayboyresultsinanimmediateblockingmessagewithastandardinvitationtoreportan"incorrectlycategorized"site.BycontrastyoucouldfindinothercountriessuchasNewZealandasexsitewhichdeclareditselftobe"dedicatedtoprovidingsexualmaterialimagedandanythingalittlebitunusualforsexenthusiastsalloverthecountry. AccordingtothepassagetheNISprogram
Text3Livingstandardssoaredduringthetwentiethcenturyandeconomistsexpectthemtocontinuerisinginthedecadesahead.DoesthatmeanthatwehumanscanlookforwardtoincreasinghappinessEasterlinadmitsthatricherpeoplearemorelikelytoreportthemselvesasbeinghappierthanpoorerpeopleare.ButsteadyimprovementsintheAmericaneconomyhavenotbeenaccompaniedbysteadyincreasesinpeople’sself-assessmentsoftheirownhappiness."TherehasbeennotimprovementinaveragehappinessintheUnitedStatesoveralmostahalfcentury--aperiodinwhichrealGDPgrossdomesticproductpercapitalmorethandoubled"Easterlinreports.Theexplanationforthisparadoxmaybethatpeoplebecomelesssatisfiedovertimewithagivenlevelofincome.InEasterlin’sword:"Asincomesrisetheaspirationleveldoestooandtheeffectofthisincreaseinaspirationsistoinvalidatetheexpectedgrowthinhappinessduetohigherincome."MoneycanbuyhappinessEasterlinseemstobesayingbutonlyifone’samountsgetbiggerandotherpeoplearen’tgettingmore.HisanalysishelpstoexplainsociologistLeeRainwater’sfindingthatAmericans’perceptionoftheincome"necessarytogetalong"rosebetween1950and1986inthesameproportionasactualpercapitalincome.Wefeelrichifwehavemorethanourneighborspoorifwehavelessandfeelingrelativelywelloffisequatedwithbeinghappy.Easterlin’sfindingschallengepsychologistAbrahamMaslow’s"hierarchyofwants"asareliableguidetofuturehumanmotivation.Maslowsuggestedthataspeople’sbasicmaterialwantsaresatisfiedtheyseektoachievenonmaterialorspiritualgoals.ButEasterlin’sevidencepointstothepersistenceofmaterialism.Sciencehasdevelopednocureforenvysoourwealthboostsourhappinessonlybrieflywhileshrinkingthatofourneighbors.ThustheoutlookforthefutureisgloomyinEasterlin’sview:"Thefuturethentowhichtheeraofmodemeconomicgrowthisleadingisoneofneverendingeconomicgrowthaworldinwhichevergrowingabundanceismatchedbyeverrisingaspirationsaworldinwhichculturaldifferenceisleveledintheconstantracetoachievethegoodlifeofmaterialplentyitisaworldfoundedonbeliefinscienceandthepowerofrationalinquiryandintheultimatecapacityofhumanitytoshapeitsowndestiny.Theironyisthatinthislastrespectthelessonofhistoryappearstobeotherwise:thatthereisnochoice.Intheenditisnotthetriumphofhumanityovermaterialwants;ratheritisthetriumphofmaterialwantsoverhumanity." Whatcanweinferfromthelastsentenceofthepassage
Text4Defendersofspecialprotectivelaborlegislationforwomenoftenmaintainthateliminatingsuchlawswoulddestroythefruitsofacenturylongstrugglefortheprotectionofwomenworkers.Evenabriefexaminationofthehistoricpracticeofcourtsandemployerswouldshowthatthefruitofsuchlawshasbeenbitter:theyareinpracticemoreofacursethanablessing.Sex-definedprotectivelawshaveoftenbeenbasedonstereotypicalassumptionsconcerningwomen’sneedsandabilitiesandemployershavefrequentlyusedthemaslegalexcusesfordiscriminatingagainstwomen.AftertheSecondWorldWarforexamplebusinessesandgovernmentsoughttopersuadewomentovacatejobsinfactoriesthusmakingroominthelaborforceforreturningveterans.Therevivalorpassageofstatelawslimitingthedailyorweeklyworkhoursofwomenconvenientlyaccomplishedthis.Employershadonlytodeclarethatovertimehourswereanecessaryconditionofemploymentorpromotionintheirfactoryandwomencouldbequitelegallyfiredre-fusedjobsorkeptatlowwagelevelsallinthenameof"protecting"theirhealth.Byvalidatingsuchlawswhentheyarechallengedbylawsuitsthecourtshaveconspiredovertheyearsinestablishingdifferentlessadvantageousemploymenttermsforwomen’scompetitivenessonthejobmarket.Atthesametimeeventhemostwell-intentionedlawmakerscourtsandemployershaveof-tenbeenblindtotherealneedsofwomen.Thelawmakersandthecourtscontinuetopermitemployerstoofferemployeehealthinsuranceplansthatcoverallknownhumanmedicaldisabilitiesexceptthoserelatingtopregnancyandchildbirth.Finallylaborlawsprotectingonlyspecialgroupsareoftenineffectiveatprotectingtheworkerswhoareactuallyintheworkplace.Somechemicalsforexampleposereproductiverisksforwomenofchildbearingyears;manufacturersusingthechemicalscomplywithlawsprotectingwomenagainstthesehazardsbyrefusingtohirethem.Thusthesex-definedlegislationprotectsthehypotheticalfemaleworkerbuthasnoeffectwhateveronthesafetyofanyactualemployee.Thehealthriskstomaleemployeesinsuchindustriescannotbenegligiblesincechemicalstoxicenoughtocausebirthdefectsinfetusesinwomenarepresumablyharmfultothehumanmetabolism.Protectivelawsaimedatchangingproductionmaterialsortechniquesinordertoreducesuchhazardswouldbenefitallemployeeswithoutdiscriminatingagainstany.Insumprotectivelaborlawsforwomenarediscriminatoryanddonotmeettheirintendedpurpose.Legislatorsshouldrecognizethatwomenareintheworkforcetostayandthattheirneeds--goodhealthcareadecentwageandasafeworkplace--aretheneedsofallworkers.Lawsthatignorethesefactsviolatewomen’srightsforequalprotectioninemployment. Speciallaborlawsprotectingwomenworkerstendto
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10PointsWiththerapidspreadoftheinterneteyewhereintheworldandthe1numberofusersoneofthemostexcitingdevelopmentsontheinternetisE-commerce--2commerce.E-commercehastwoforms3business-to-businessorB-to-Bandbusiness-to-consumerorB-to-C.B-to-Cwasthefirstofthesedevelopments.Itgrew4fromthefirstdayswhenpeoplestartedtobuythingsfromtheirhomeswithoutgoingtoashop.Firstcame"catalogueshopping"5youchoosewhatyouwantfromacatalogue6picturesandotherdetailsofeverythingthatis7sale.Youthensendanorderwithacheckby8andthethingsyouhavechosensenttoyourhome.Then9"televisionshopping"where10acataloguetheitemsforsaleareshownor11ontelevisiontoattractthecustomer.12thecustomersendsacheckandtheitemisdeliveredtohisorherhome.B-to-Cisthe13developmentwherethe"catalogue"is14ontheinternetcombiningtheadvantagesofboththebookcatalogueandtiletelevisionandindeedaddingmore15Thecustomermakeshischoicebutratherthansendinganorderanda16throughthepostheplacestheorderandpaysforitusinghiscreditcardallusingthe17Manypeopleworryaboutgiving18oftheircreditcardovertheinternetandthedangerthatitmaybedeceitfullyused.19thegeneralviewisthatwithmodernsystemsofsecuremeasuresthedangersofthemisuseofcreditcardsis20greaterinashopgarageorrestaurantthaninusingitforshoppingontheinternet. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.5
Text2AnAsianengineerisassignedtoaU.S.laboratoryandalmostsuffersanervousbreakdown.AU.S.executivetellshisstaffhe’sgoingtotreatthemfairly--andcreatesdissension.AJapanesemanagerispromotedbyhisAmericanpresidentbutwithinsixmonthsasksforatransfer.Eachofthesereal-lifecasesinvolvedpeoplewhowereregardedassuperioremployeesbutwereill-equippedtocopewiththecomplexitiesanddangersofinterculturalmanagement."Multinationalcompanieshavestudiedeverythingelsenowthey’refinallylookingatculture"saysCliffordClarkefounderandpresidentoftheCalifornia-basedIRIInternationalInc."NevershowtheshoetoanArabneverarriveintimeforapartyinBrazilandinJapandon’tthink’yes’means’yes’"adviseU.S.consultantsLennieCoplandandLewisBrownGriggswhohaveproducedaseriesoffilmsandabooktohelpmanagersimprovetheirinternationalbusinessskills.Butsimplylearningthesocial"dos"and"don’ts"isnottheansweraccordingtothenewculturespecialists.Thepenaltiesforignoringdifferentthinkingpatternstheypointoutcanbedisastrous.ForexampletheAmericanmanagerwhopromisedtobefairthoughthewastellinghisJapanesestaffthattheirhardworkwouldberewardedbutwhensomeworkersreceivedhighersalaryincreasesthanotherstherewerecomplaints."Youtoldusyou’dbefairandyouliedtous"accusedonesalesman."Ittookmeayearandahalf"sighedtheAmerican"torealizethat’fair’tomystaffmeantbeingtreatedequally."TheAsianengineerwhosufferedinAmericawasthevictimofanothermistakenexpectation."HewasaccustomedtothewarmgroupenvironmentsotypicalinJapan"saidhisU.S.manager."Butinourcompanywe’reallexpectedtobeself-starterswhothriveonworkingalone.Forhimitwasemotionalstarvation.He’smadetheadjustmentnowbuthe’dbehumiliatedifItoldyouhisnamethat’sanotherculturaldifference."TheJapanesemanagerwhofailedtorespondtohispromotioncouldn’tbringhimselftousethemoredirectlanguageneededtocommunicatewithhisBoston-basedsuperiors."Iusedtothinkallthistalkaboutculturalcommunicationwasalogofbaloney"saysEugeneJ.FlathpresidentofIntelJapanLtd.asubsidiaryoftheAmericansemiconductormaker."NowIcanseeit’sarealproblem.Miscommunicationhasslowedourabilitytocoordinateactionwithourhomeoffice."That’swhyIntelwiththehelpofconsultantClarkebegananinterculturaltrainingprogramthisspringwhichFlathexpectswilldramaticallyreducedecision-makingtimenowlostinmakingsuretheAmericansandtheJapaneseunderstandeachother. FromthecontextthewordbaloneyLine3Paragraph6iscloseinmeaningto
真理是思想形式是人类经验的组织形式这是
SectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.40PointsText1AtanofficeinHamptonVirginiaintheeastoftheUnitedStatesateamoftennetsavvyworkerssourcesthewebforsexualcontentfrombasicsexeducationtosexacts.This"qualityassurance"teamismakingsurethattheblockingcomponentofSymantec’sNortonInternetSecurity2000computerprogramremainseffective.Thisisbecausethereiswidespreadparentalconcernaboutblockingwebsiteswithsexualcontentfromchildren.Websiteblockingisnothingnew--serviceslikeNetNannyandprogramslikeCyberPatrolandGuardDoghavebeenaroundforafewyearsnowprotectingchildrenandreassuringparentsthatonlywholesomewebsitesareaccessedbytheyoungsters.NetNannyandCyberPatrolwillpreventaccesstoanyquestionablesiteswhentheprogramisinplaceNowSymantecsaysithascreatedanewcategoryinconsumersoftwarewithapackagethatcombineswebsiteblockingwitha"firewall"protectingyourcomputerfromhackersandvirusesaswellaspreventingcarelessdisclosureofpersonaldata.InshortNortonInternetSecurityastheprogramiscalledisdesignedtoserveastheguardianofyourdigitalhealthkeepingthebadthingsoutandtheprivatethingsin.TheSymantecprogramcanbeconfiguredinmanywaysthewebsiteblockingforexamplecanbesettobeeitherselectivelypermissiveortotalinitsbanningofwebsitesorswitchedoffentirely.AlsoSymantec’slistofno-goareaswhichontheCDnowstandataround36000addressedisnotconfinedtosexsites.TheteaminVirginiaisalsoonthelookoutforsitesadvocatingdragsorwhichcontainreferencestoviolenceorgamblingandkeepsawatchonchatroomse-mailservicesentertainmentportals--evenjobsearchandfinancialpages.Thesesitescanbeblockedbytheprogram.ComputeruserscanalsorefreshtheaddresslistonlinewiththeLiveupdatefeaturewhichisusedbyNortonAnti-ViruswhichisbundledwithNIStoloadthelatestvirusdefinitions.Thisserviceisfreeforthefirstyearbutincludingvirusdefinitionupdates;itcosts$19.95ayearthere-after.Thesystemisnotperfecthowever.Limitedtestingfoundtheblockingofsome"questionable"siteswasnotcomprehensive.Tryingtogetaccesstoawell-knownUSsitesuchasPlayboyresultsinanimmediateblockingmessagewithastandardinvitationtoreportan"incorrectlycategorized"site.BycontrastyoucouldfindinothercountriessuchasNewZealandasexsitewhichdeclareditselftobe"dedicatedtoprovidingsexualmaterialimagedandanythingalittlebitunusualforsexenthusiastsalloverthecountry. NortonInternetSecurityfunctionsto
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