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ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationmustbewrittenneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.10points Ishallmentiontwoorthreemattersinwhichtheneedforcooperationbetweenphilosophyandscienceisespeciallyintimate.46Sincescientificmethoddependsuponfirst-handexperimentallycontrolledexperiencesanyphilosophicapplicationofthescientificpointofviewwillemphasizetheneedofsuchexperiencesintheschoolasoveragainstmereacquisitionofready-madeinformationthatissuppliedinisolationfromthestudents’’ownexperience.Sofaritwillbeinlinewithwhatiscalledtheprogressivemovementineducation.Butitwillbeaninfluenceincounteractinganytendenciesthatmayexistinprogressiveeducationtoslighttheimportanceofcontinuityintheexperiencesthatarehadandtheimportanceoforganization.47Unlessthescienceofeducationonitsowngroundandbehalfemphasizessubject-matterswhichcontainwithinthemselvesthepromiseandpowerofcontinuousgrowthinthedirectionoforganizationitisfalsetoitsownpositionasscientific.48Incooperationwithaphilosophyofeducationitcanlendinvaluableaidinseeingtoitthatthechosensubject-mattersarealsosuchthattheyprogressivelydeveloptowardformationofattitudesofunderstandingtheworldinwhichstudentsandteachersliveandtowardformingtheattitudesofpurposedesireandactionwhichwillmakepupilseffectiveindealingwithsocialconditions. Anotherpointofcommoninterestconcernstheplaceintheschoolsofthesciencesespeciallytheplaceofthehabitswhichformscientificattitudeandmethod.Thescienceshadtobattleagainstpowerfulenemiestoobtainrecognitioninthecurriculum.Inaformalsensethebattlehasbeenwonbutnotyetinasubstantialsense.Forscientificsubject-matterisstillmoreorlessisolatedasaspecialbodyoffactsandtruths.49Thefullvictorywillnotbewonuntileverysubjectandlessonistaughtinconnectionwithitsbearinguponcreationandgrowthofthekindofpowerofobservationinquiryreflectionandtestingthataretheheartofscientificintelligence.Experimentalphilosophyisatonewiththegenuinespiritofascientificattitudeintheendeavortoobtainforscientificmethodthiscentralplaceineducation. Finallythescienceandphilosophyofeducationcanandshouldworktogetherinovercomingthesplitbetweenknowledgeandactionbetweentheoryandpracticewhichnowaffectsbotheducationandsocietysoseriouslyandharmfully.50Indeeditisnottoomuchtosaythatinstitutionofahappymarriagebetweentheoryandpracticeisintheendthechiefmeaningofascienceandaphilosophyofeducationthatworktogetherforcommonends.
SomeoftheconcernssurroundingTurkey’sapplicationtojointheEuropeanUniontobe1onbytheEU’sCouncilofMinistersonDecember17thareeconomic—inparticularthecountry’srelativepoverty.ItsGDPperheadislessthanathirdoftheaverageforthe15pre-2004membersoftheEU.2itisnotfaroffthatofLatvia—oneofthetennewmemberswhich3onMay1st2004anditismuchthesameas4oftwocountriesBulgariaandRomaniawhichthisweekconcluded5talkswiththeEUthatcouldmakethemfullmembersonJanuary1st2007. 6thecountry’srecenteconomicprogresshasbeenaccordingtoDonaldJohnstonthesecretary-generaloftheOECDstunning.GDPinthesecondquarteroftheyearwas13.4%higherthanayearearliera7ofgrowththatnoEUcountrycomescloseto8.Turkey’s9ratehasjustfallenintosinglefiguresforthefirsttimesince1972andthisweekthecountry10agreementwiththeIMFonanewthree-year＄10billioneconomicprogramthatwillhelpTurkey11inflationtowardEuropeanlevelsandenhancetheeconomy’sresilience. Resiliencehasnothistoricallybeenthecountry’seconomicstrongpoint.12throughoutthe1990sgrowthoscillatedlikeanelectrocardiogram13aviolentheartattack.This14hasbeenoneofthemainreasonswhythecountryhasfaileddismallytoattackmuch-neededforeigndirectinvestment.Itsstockofsuchinvestmentislowernowthanitwasinthe1980sandannual15havescarcelyeverreached＄1billion. Onedeterrenttoforeigninvestorsisdueto16onJanuary1st2005.OnthatdayTurkeywilltakeawaytherightofvirtuallyeveryoneofitscitizenstocallthemselvesamillionaire.Sixzeroswillberemovedfromthefacevalueofthelira里拉土耳其货币单位;oneunitofthelocal17willhenceforthbeworthwhatlmillionarenow—ieabout0.530.53欧元.Goodswillhavetobe18inboththenewandoldliraforthewholeoftheyear19foreignbankersand20canbegintolookforwardtoatimeinTurkeywhentheywillnolongerhavetojugglementallywithindeterminatestringsofzeros Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.3
SomeoftheconcernssurroundingTurkey’sapplicationtojointheEuropeanUniontobe1onbytheEU’sCouncilofMinistersonDecember17thareeconomic—inparticularthecountry’srelativepoverty.ItsGDPperheadislessthanathirdoftheaverageforthe15pre-2004membersoftheEU.2itisnotfaroffthatofLatvia—oneofthetennewmemberswhich3onMay1st2004anditismuchthesameas4oftwocountriesBulgariaandRomaniawhichthisweekconcluded5talkswiththeEUthatcouldmakethemfullmembersonJanuary1st2007. 6thecountry’srecenteconomicprogresshasbeenaccordingtoDonaldJohnstonthesecretary-generaloftheOECDstunning.GDPinthesecondquarteroftheyearwas13.4%higherthanayearearliera7ofgrowththatnoEUcountrycomescloseto8.Turkey’s9ratehasjustfallenintosinglefiguresforthefirsttimesince1972andthisweekthecountry10agreementwiththeIMFonanewthree-year＄10billioneconomicprogramthatwillhelpTurkey11inflationtowardEuropeanlevelsandenhancetheeconomy’sresilience. Resiliencehasnothistoricallybeenthecountry’seconomicstrongpoint.12throughoutthe1990sgrowthoscillatedlikeanelectrocardiogram13aviolentheartattack.This14hasbeenoneofthemainreasonswhythecountryhasfaileddismallytoattackmuch-neededforeigndirectinvestment.Itsstockofsuchinvestmentislowernowthanitwasinthe1980sandannual15havescarcelyeverreached＄1billion. Onedeterrenttoforeigninvestorsisdueto16onJanuary1st2005.OnthatdayTurkeywilltakeawaytherightofvirtuallyeveryoneofitscitizenstocallthemselvesamillionaire.Sixzeroswillberemovedfromthefacevalueofthelira里拉土耳其货币单位;oneunitofthelocal17willhenceforthbeworthwhatlmillionarenow—ieabout0.530.53欧元.Goodswillhavetobe18inboththenewandoldliraforthewholeoftheyear19foreignbankersand20canbegintolookforwardtoatimeinTurkeywhentheywillnolongerhavetojugglementallywithindeterminatestringsofzeros Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.1
ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationmustbewrittenneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.10points Ishallmentiontwoorthreemattersinwhichtheneedforcooperationbetweenphilosophyandscienceisespeciallyintimate.46Sincescientificmethoddependsuponfirst-handexperimentallycontrolledexperiencesanyphilosophicapplicationofthescientificpointofviewwillemphasizetheneedofsuchexperiencesintheschoolasoveragainstmereacquisitionofready-madeinformationthatissuppliedinisolationfromthestudents’’ownexperience.Sofaritwillbeinlinewithwhatiscalledtheprogressivemovementineducation.Butitwillbeaninfluenceincounteractinganytendenciesthatmayexistinprogressiveeducationtoslighttheimportanceofcontinuityintheexperiencesthatarehadandtheimportanceoforganization.47Unlessthescienceofeducationonitsowngroundandbehalfemphasizessubject-matterswhichcontainwithinthemselvesthepromiseandpowerofcontinuousgrowthinthedirectionoforganizationitisfalsetoitsownpositionasscientific.48Incooperationwithaphilosophyofeducationitcanlendinvaluableaidinseeingtoitthatthechosensubject-mattersarealsosuchthattheyprogressivelydeveloptowardformationofattitudesofunderstandingtheworldinwhichstudentsandteachersliveandtowardformingtheattitudesofpurposedesireandactionwhichwillmakepupilseffectiveindealingwithsocialconditions. Anotherpointofcommoninterestconcernstheplaceintheschoolsofthesciencesespeciallytheplaceofthehabitswhichformscientificattitudeandmethod.Thescienceshadtobattleagainstpowerfulenemiestoobtainrecognitioninthecurriculum.Inaformalsensethebattlehasbeenwonbutnotyetinasubstantialsense.Forscientificsubject-matterisstillmoreorlessisolatedasaspecialbodyoffactsandtruths.49Thefullvictorywillnotbewonuntileverysubjectandlessonistaughtinconnectionwithitsbearinguponcreationandgrowthofthekindofpowerofobservationinquiryreflectionandtestingthataretheheartofscientificintelligence.Experimentalphilosophyisatonewiththegenuinespiritofascientificattitudeintheendeavortoobtainforscientificmethodthiscentralplaceineducation. Finallythescienceandphilosophyofeducationcanandshouldworktogetherinovercomingthesplitbetweenknowledgeandactionbetweentheoryandpracticewhichnowaffectsbotheducationandsocietysoseriouslyandharmfully.50Indeeditisnottoomuchtosaythatinstitutionofahappymarriagebetweentheoryandpracticeisintheendthechiefmeaningofascienceandaphilosophyofeducationthatworktogetherforcommonends.
WhenIdecidedtoquitmyfulltimeemploymentitneveroccurredtomethatImightbecomeapartofanewinternationaltrend.AlateralmovethathurtmyprideandblockedmyprofessionalprogresspromptedmetoabandonmyrelativelyhighprofilecareeralthoughinthemannerofadisgracedgovernmentministerIcoveredmyexitbyclaimingIwantedtospendmoretimewithmyfamily. Curiouslysometwo-and-a-halfyearsandtwonovelslatermyexperimentinwhattheAmericanstermdownshiftinghasturnedmytiredexcuseintoanabsolutereality.IhavebeentransformedfromapassionateadvocateofthephilosophyofhavingitallpreachedbyLindaKelseyforthepastsevenyearsinthepagesofShemagazineintoawomanwhoishappytosettleforabitofeverything. IhavediscoveredasperhapsKelseywillafterhermuch-publicizedresignationfromtheeditorshipofsheafterabuild-upofstressthatabandoningthedoctrineofjugglingyourlifeandmakingthealternativemoveintodownshiftingbringswithitfargreaterrewardsthanfinancialsuccessandsocialstatus.NothingcouldpersuademetoreturntothekindoflifeKelseyusedtoadvocateandIonceenjoyed:12-hourworkingdayspressureddeadlinesthefearfulstrainofofficepoliticsandthelimitationsofbeingaparentonqualitytime. InAmericathemoveawayfromjugglingtoasimplerlessmaterialisticlifestyleisawell-establishedtrend.Downshifting--alsoknowninAmericaasvoluntarysimplicity--hasironicallyevenbredanewareaofwhatmightbetermedanti-consumerism.Thereareanumberofbestsellingdownshiftingself-helpbooksforpeoplewhowanttosimplifytheirlives;therearenewsletterssuchasTheTightwadGazettethatgivehundredsofthousandsofAmericansusefultipsonanythingfromrecyclingtheircling-filmtomakingtheirownsoap;thereareevensupportgroupsforthosewhowanttoachievethemid-’’90sequivalentofdroppingout. WhileinAmericathetrendstartedasareactiontotheeconomicdecline--afterthemassredundanciescausedbydownsizinginthelate’’80s--andisstilllinkedtothepoliticsofthriftinBritainatleastamongthemiddle-classdownshiftersofmyacquaintancewehavedifferentreasonsforseekingtosimplifyourlives. Forthewomenofmygenerationwhowereurgedtokeepjugglingthroughthe’’80sdownshiftinginthmid-’’90sisnotsomuchasearchforthemythicalgoodlife--growingyourownorganicvegetablesandriskingturningintoone--asapersonalrecognitionofyourlimitations. Jugglingone’’slifeprobablymeanslivingalifecharacterizedby______.
Youwillbereceivingyourbachelor’’sdegreeinMarketingandarelookingforajob.Writealettertoanetworkcompanymanageraccordingtoyourfriend’’sadviceinwhichyoushouldstate 1thepersonofferingyouadvice 2yourstudyandexperienceand 3reasonsofyourinterestinthecompany. Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.Donotsignyournameattheendoftheletter.UseLiMinginstead.Youdonotneedtowritetheaddress10points.
SomeoftheconcernssurroundingTurkey’sapplicationtojointheEuropeanUniontobe1onbytheEU’sCouncilofMinistersonDecember17thareeconomic—inparticularthecountry’srelativepoverty.ItsGDPperheadislessthanathirdoftheaverageforthe15pre-2004membersoftheEU.2itisnotfaroffthatofLatvia—oneofthetennewmemberswhich3onMay1st2004anditismuchthesameas4oftwocountriesBulgariaandRomaniawhichthisweekconcluded5talkswiththeEUthatcouldmakethemfullmembersonJanuary1st2007. 6thecountry’srecenteconomicprogresshasbeenaccordingtoDonaldJohnstonthesecretary-generaloftheOECDstunning.GDPinthesecondquarteroftheyearwas13.4%higherthanayearearliera7ofgrowththatnoEUcountrycomescloseto8.Turkey’s9ratehasjustfallenintosinglefiguresforthefirsttimesince1972andthisweekthecountry10agreementwiththeIMFonanewthree-year＄10billioneconomicprogramthatwillhelpTurkey11inflationtowardEuropeanlevelsandenhancetheeconomy’sresilience. Resiliencehasnothistoricallybeenthecountry’seconomicstrongpoint.12throughoutthe1990sgrowthoscillatedlikeanelectrocardiogram13aviolentheartattack.This14hasbeenoneofthemainreasonswhythecountryhasfaileddismallytoattackmuch-neededforeigndirectinvestment.Itsstockofsuchinvestmentislowernowthanitwasinthe1980sandannual15havescarcelyeverreached＄1billion. Onedeterrenttoforeigninvestorsisdueto16onJanuary1st2005.OnthatdayTurkeywilltakeawaytherightofvirtuallyeveryoneofitscitizenstocallthemselvesamillionaire.Sixzeroswillberemovedfromthefacevalueofthelira里拉土耳其货币单位;oneunitofthelocal17willhenceforthbeworthwhatlmillionarenow—ieabout0.530.53欧元.Goodswillhavetobe18inboththenewandoldliraforthewholeoftheyear19foreignbankersand20canbegintolookforwardtoatimeinTurkeywhentheywillnolongerhavetojugglementallywithindeterminatestringsofzeros Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.5
SomeoftheconcernssurroundingTurkey’sapplicationtojointheEuropeanUniontobe1onbytheEU’sCouncilofMinistersonDecember17thareeconomic—inparticularthecountry’srelativepoverty.ItsGDPperheadislessthanathirdoftheaverageforthe15pre-2004membersoftheEU.2itisnotfaroffthatofLatvia—oneofthetennewmemberswhich3onMay1st2004anditismuchthesameas4oftwocountriesBulgariaandRomaniawhichthisweekconcluded5talkswiththeEUthatcouldmakethemfullmembersonJanuary1st2007. 6thecountry’srecenteconomicprogresshasbeenaccordingtoDonaldJohnstonthesecretary-generaloftheOECDstunning.GDPinthesecondquarteroftheyearwas13.4%higherthanayearearliera7ofgrowththatnoEUcountrycomescloseto8.Turkey’s9ratehasjustfallenintosinglefiguresforthefirsttimesince1972andthisweekthecountry10agreementwiththeIMFonanewthree-year＄10billioneconomicprogramthatwillhelpTurkey11inflationtowardEuropeanlevelsandenhancetheeconomy’sresilience. Resiliencehasnothistoricallybeenthecountry’seconomicstrongpoint.12throughoutthe1990sgrowthoscillatedlikeanelectrocardiogram13aviolentheartattack.This14hasbeenoneofthemainreasonswhythecountryhasfaileddismallytoattackmuch-neededforeigndirectinvestment.Itsstockofsuchinvestmentislowernowthanitwasinthe1980sandannual15havescarcelyeverreached＄1billion. Onedeterrenttoforeigninvestorsisdueto16onJanuary1st2005.OnthatdayTurkeywilltakeawaytherightofvirtuallyeveryoneofitscitizenstocallthemselvesamillionaire.Sixzeroswillberemovedfromthefacevalueofthelira里拉土耳其货币单位;oneunitofthelocal17willhenceforthbeworthwhatlmillionarenow—ieabout0.530.53欧元.Goodswillhavetobe18inboththenewandoldliraforthewholeoftheyear19foreignbankersand20canbegintolookforwardtoatimeinTurkeywhentheywillnolongerhavetojugglementallywithindeterminatestringsofzeros Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.7
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