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人类史上第一部能实际应用的蒸汽机是( )。
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被尊称为近代蒸汽机的直接祖先的是人类史上第一部能实际应用的蒸汽机是
巴本，萨弗里机
萨弗里，巴本机
纽可门，瓦特机
瓦特，纽可门机
人类史上第一颗核弹爆炸成功的时间是
奥德赛是戏剧史上第一部戏剧理论经典
芭蕾史上第一部芭蕾舞剧是哪一部
第一次工业革命以蒸汽机的发明和使用为丰要标志它把人类推进入蒸汽时代有人说蒸汽机是工业城市之母而马克思
①②③
①③④
②③④
①②③④
四川井盐业采用先进科学技术并开始进入近代工业行列的标志是19世纪末第一部采卤蒸汽机车的诞生并在投产这
潼川盐场
遂宁盐场
自贡书院
富顺盐场
哪部书藉是中国历史上第一部用字典命名的字书也是中国第一部官修字典
是柏拉图晚年创作的一部重要作品是西方历史上第一部法学专著
是欧洲文学史上第一部史诗
人类历史上第一部太阳历起源于______________
19世纪70年代以的广泛应用为主要标志开始了人类历史上第二次科技革命
信息技术
蒸汽机
电力
微电子技术
历史上保留存下来的第一部歌剧是由蒙特威尔第创作的是歌剧史上第一部真正意义的歌剧
人类历史上第一艘蒸汽机铁船是
克莱蒙脱号
黄鹄号
大东方号
人民号
人类历史上第一次能源革命源于
水力的使用
原子能的使用
电力的使用
瓦特改良蒸汽机的发明
司马迁撰写了我国历史上第一部纪传体通史____司马光主持编写了我国历史上第一部编年体通史____
人类史上第一部能实际应用的蒸汽机是
巴本机
萨弗里机
纽可门机
瓦特机
1928年迪斯尼制作出了电影史上第一部有声卡通片之后迪斯尼又于1932年推出了世界上第一部彩色卡通片
下列科学技术发生在19世纪的有①物种起源的首次出版②瓦特的蒸汽机③法拉第发现电磁感应现象④第一部电影
①②
②③
③④
①③④
我国历史上第一部纪传体通史是史记第一部断代史是汉书
第一部资产阶级在美育方面的理论论著也是人类文化史上第一部明确系统地论述美育的论著
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Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebest wordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1. Theeffectofthebabyboomonthe schoolshelpedtomakepossibleashiftinthinkingabouttheroleofpublic educationinthe1920’s.Inthe1920’sbutespecially1 theDepressionofthe1930’stheUnitedStatesexperienceda 2birthrate.Thenwiththeprosperity3 onbytheSecondWorldWarandtheeconomicboomthatfollowedit youngpeoplemarriedand4householdsearlierandbegan to5largerfamiliesthanhadtheir6 duringtheDepression.Birthratesroseto102perthousandin1946 106.2in1950and118in1955.7economicswasprobably themostimportant8itisnottheonlyexplanationfor thebabyboom.Theincreasedvalueplaced9theideaofthe familyalsohelpsto10thisriseinbirthrates.Thebaby boomersbeganstreaming11thefirstgradebythe mid-1940’sandbecamea12by1950.Thepublicschool systemsuddenlyfounditself13Thewartimeeconomymeant thatfewnewschoolswerebuihbetween1940and1945.14 largenumbersofteacherslefttheirprofessionduringthatperiodfor better-payingjobselsewhere.15inthe 1950’sthebabyboomhitanantiquatedandinadequateschoolsystem. Consequentlythecustodialrhetoricofthe1930’snolongermade16 ;keepingyouthsagessixteenandolderoutofthelabormarketby keepingtheminschoolcouldnolongerbeahigh17foran institutionunabletofindspaceandstafftoteachyoungerchildren.Withthe babyboomthefocusofeducators18turnedtowardthe lowergradesandbacktobasicacademicskillsand19.The systemnolongerhadmuch20inofferingnontraditional newandextraservicestoolderyouths.
PartADirections:Readthefollowingfour texts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCorD.Markyour answersonANSWERSHEET1.Text1 Youknowyoushoulddoitotherpeople doitallthetime.Maybeyou’vealreadydoneitbutitwasn’tverysatisfying andyou’dliketolearntodoitbetter.I’mtalkingofcourse abouthavingabusinesslunch.Don’tfeelembarrassedifyouare uncomfortablewiththeideaofsittingoveragrilledchickenbreasttalkingto aprospectiveclient.Mostinexperiencedovereagerlaunchers believethemainpurposeofabusinesslunchistoeitheraconductbusiness orbeatlunchandthey’reunsurehowtomixthetwo.Don’tworry!Business lunchesaren’tabouteitherbusinessorlunchthey’reaboutbuilding relationships.OneofmybusinessrulesisPeopledobusiness withpeopletheylike.Oftenit’snotproductspricesor thecompanythatmakesthesale—it’sthepersonBusinesslunchesaretheperfect timeforyouandyourclientsupplieroremployeetogettoknoweachotheras people.Thishelpsestablishcommoninterestsandmakesworkingtogether easier.Thesinglemostimportantthingyoucandoatabusiness lunch—evenmoreimportantthanpickingupthetab—islisten.You don’tneedaparticularreasontoasksomeonetolunchsodon’twaituntilfor acertainoccasionorissue.Don’tmakeitseemlikelunchis goingtobeasalescall.InsteadtrythestraightforwardapproachWe’vebeen doingbusinesstogetherforalmostayear.I’dliketotakeyoutolunchandget toknowyoualittlebetter.OralittlelessstraightforwardI’moftenin yourareahowabouthavinglunchsometimeHavetheother personsuggestaplacetoeat—Istherearestaurantyou’vebeenwantingto tryOrifyouhavealimitedbudgetyouchooseanicemidpricedrestaurant. ForgetMcDonald’s.Ifyou’rethankingsomeoneforanimportantordertakethem toareallyspecialpossiblynewrestaurant.Ifyoudidthe invitingyoupickupthetabevenifyourguestsaysIcanputthisonmy company’screditcard.Butdon’thaveascenearguingoverthecheck.Youcan justsayYoucangetthenextone.Somecompanieshavepoliciesthatdon’t permitemployeestobetreated;inthatcasesplitthe tab.Duringabusinesslunchit’simportantto______.
Text2 IntheUSA85%ofthepopulationover theageif21approveofthedeathpenalty.Inthemanystateswhcihstillhave thedeathpenaltysomeusetheelectricchairwhichcantakeupto20minutes tokillwhileothersusegasorlethalinjection.Thefirstof thesewasthecaseofRuthElliswhowashangedforshootingherloverinwhat wasgenerallyregardedasacrimeofpassion.Thesecondwashangedformurders whichitwaslaterprovedhadbeencommittedbysomeoneelse. Thepro-hanginglobbyusesfourmainargumentstosupportitscallforthe reintroductionofcapitalpunishment.Firstthereisthedeterrencetheory whicharguesthatpotentialmurdererswouldthinktwicebeforecommittingthe actiftheyknewthattheymightdieiftheywerecaught.Thearmedbankrobber mightlikewisegobacktobeingunarmed.Theothertwo argumentsaremoresuspect.Theideaofretributiondemandsthatcriminals shouldgetwhattheydeserve:ifamurdererintentionallysetouttocommita crimeheshouldaccepttheconsequences.Retributionwhichisjustanother wordforrevengeissupportedbythereligiousdoctrineofaneyeforaneye andatoothforatooth.Theargumentsagainstthedeathpenalty arelargelyhumanitarian.Buttherearealsostatisticalreasonsforopposing it:thedeterrencefiguresdonotaddup.InBritain1903wasthetherecord yearforexecutionsandyetin1904thenumberofmurdersactuallyrose.There wasasimilaroccurrencein1946and1947.Ifthedeterrencetheorywere correcttherateshouldhavefallen.Theotherreasonsto opposethedeathpenaltyarelargelyamatherofindividualconscienceand belief.Oneisthatmurderismurderandthatthestatehasnomorerightto takealiferthantheindividual.TheotheristhatChristianityadvises forgivenessnotrevenge.AccordingtothefirstfourparagraphswhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTcorrect
内经认为寒邪入经其性凝滞则
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebest wordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1. Theeffectofthebabyboomonthe schoolshelpedtomakepossibleashiftinthinkingabouttheroleofpublic educationinthe1920’s.Inthe1920’sbutespecially1 theDepressionofthe1930’stheUnitedStatesexperienceda 2birthrate.Thenwiththeprosperity3 onbytheSecondWorldWarandtheeconomicboomthatfollowedit youngpeoplemarriedand4householdsearlierandbegan to5largerfamiliesthanhadtheir6 duringtheDepression.Birthratesroseto102perthousandin1946 106.2in1950and118in1955.7economicswasprobably themostimportant8itisnottheonlyexplanationfor thebabyboom.Theincreasedvalueplaced9theideaofthe familyalsohelpsto10thisriseinbirthrates.Thebaby boomersbeganstreaming11thefirstgradebythe mid-1940’sandbecamea12by1950.Thepublicschool systemsuddenlyfounditself13Thewartimeeconomymeant thatfewnewschoolswerebuihbetween1940and1945.14 largenumbersofteacherslefttheirprofessionduringthatperiodfor better-payingjobselsewhere.15inthe 1950’sthebabyboomhitanantiquatedandinadequateschoolsystem. Consequentlythecustodialrhetoricofthe1930’snolongermade16 ;keepingyouthsagessixteenandolderoutofthelabormarketby keepingtheminschoolcouldnolongerbeahigh17foran institutionunabletofindspaceandstafftoteachyoungerchildren.Withthe babyboomthefocusofeducators18turnedtowardthe lowergradesandbacktobasicacademicskillsand19.The systemnolongerhadmuch20inofferingnontraditional newandextraservicestoolderyouths.
PartADirections:Readthefollowingfour texts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCorD.Markyour answersonANSWERSHEET1.Text1 Youknowyoushoulddoitotherpeople doitallthetime.Maybeyou’vealreadydoneitbutitwasn’tverysatisfying andyou’dliketolearntodoitbetter.I’mtalkingofcourse abouthavingabusinesslunch.Don’tfeelembarrassedifyouare uncomfortablewiththeideaofsittingoveragrilledchickenbreasttalkingto aprospectiveclient.Mostinexperiencedovereagerlaunchers believethemainpurposeofabusinesslunchistoeitheraconductbusiness orbeatlunchandthey’reunsurehowtomixthetwo.Don’tworry!Business lunchesaren’tabouteitherbusinessorlunchthey’reaboutbuilding relationships.OneofmybusinessrulesisPeopledobusiness withpeopletheylike.Oftenit’snotproductspricesor thecompanythatmakesthesale—it’sthepersonBusinesslunchesaretheperfect timeforyouandyourclientsupplieroremployeetogettoknoweachotheras people.Thishelpsestablishcommoninterestsandmakesworkingtogether easier.Thesinglemostimportantthingyoucandoatabusiness lunch—evenmoreimportantthanpickingupthetab—islisten.You don’tneedaparticularreasontoasksomeonetolunchsodon’twaituntilfor acertainoccasionorissue.Don’tmakeitseemlikelunchis goingtobeasalescall.InsteadtrythestraightforwardapproachWe’vebeen doingbusinesstogetherforalmostayear.I’dliketotakeyoutolunchandget toknowyoualittlebetter.OralittlelessstraightforwardI’moftenin yourareahowabouthavinglunchsometimeHavetheother personsuggestaplacetoeat—Istherearestaurantyou’vebeenwantingto tryOrifyouhavealimitedbudgetyouchooseanicemidpricedrestaurant. ForgetMcDonald’s.Ifyou’rethankingsomeoneforanimportantordertakethem toareallyspecialpossiblynewrestaurant.Ifyoudidthe invitingyoupickupthetabevenifyourguestsaysIcanputthisonmy company’screditcard.Butdon’thaveascenearguingoverthecheck.Youcan justsayYoucangetthenextone.Somecompanieshavepoliciesthatdon’t permitemployeestobetreated;inthatcasesplitthe tab.Abusinesslunchcanbeviewedassuccessfulif______.
Text4 Formillionsofyearsbeforethe appearanceoftheelectriclightshiftworkallnightcableTVandthe InternetEarth’screaturesevolvedonaplanetwithpredictableandreassuring 24-hourrhythms.Ourbiologicalclocksaresetforthisdailycycle.Simplyput ourbodieswanttosleepatnightandbeawakeduringtheday.Mostwomenand menneedbetweeneightandeightandahalfhoursofsleepanighttofunction properlythroughouttheirlives.Contrarytopopularbeliefhumansdon’tneed lesssleepastheyage.ButonaverageAmericanssleeponly aboutsevenandahalfhourspernightamarkeddropfromtheninehoursthey averagedin1910.What’sworsenearlyonethirdofallAmericansgetlessthan sixhoursofsleeponatypicalworknight.Formostpeoplethat’snotnearly enough.FindingwaystogetmoreandbetterSleepcanbea challenge.Scientistshaveidentifiedmorethan80differentsleepdisorders. Somesleepingdisordersaregenetic.Butmanyproblemsarecausedbystayingup lateandsleepinginbytravelingfrequentlybetweentimezonesorbyworking nights.Dr.JamesF.JonesatNationalJewishMedicalandResearchCenterin Denversaysthatsleepdisordersareoftendiagnosedasotherdiscomforts.About onethirdofthepatientsreferredtohimwithpossiblechronicfatiguesyndrome actuallyhavetreatablesleepdisorders.Beforewedoanythingelsewelookat theirsleepJonessays.Sleepexpertssaythatmostpeople wouldbenefitfromagoodlookattheirsleeppatterns.Mymottois’Sleep defensively’saysMaryCarskadonofBrownUniversity.Shesayspeopleneedto carveoutsufficienttimetosleepevenifitmeansgivingupotherthings. Sleeproutines—likegoingtobedandgettingupatthesametimeeveryday—are important.Pre-bedtimeactivitiesalsomakeadifference.AswithElanerwho usedtosufferfromsleeplessnessafewlifestylechanges—avoidingstimulants andlatemealsexercisinghoursbeforebedtimerelaxingwithahotbath—yield bettersleep.Whichofthefollowingmeasurescanhelpyousleepbetter
清暑益气汤的组成中含有
瘀血胁痛之特点
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebest wordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1. Theeffectofthebabyboomonthe schoolshelpedtomakepossibleashiftinthinkingabouttheroleofpublic educationinthe1920’s.Inthe1920’sbutespecially1 theDepressionofthe1930’stheUnitedStatesexperienceda 2birthrate.Thenwiththeprosperity3 onbytheSecondWorldWarandtheeconomicboomthatfollowedit youngpeoplemarriedand4householdsearlierandbegan to5largerfamiliesthanhadtheir6 duringtheDepression.Birthratesroseto102perthousandin1946 106.2in1950and118in1955.7economicswasprobably themostimportant8itisnottheonlyexplanationfor thebabyboom.Theincreasedvalueplaced9theideaofthe familyalsohelpsto10thisriseinbirthrates.Thebaby boomersbeganstreaming11thefirstgradebythe mid-1940’sandbecamea12by1950.Thepublicschool systemsuddenlyfounditself13Thewartimeeconomymeant thatfewnewschoolswerebuihbetween1940and1945.14 largenumbersofteacherslefttheirprofessionduringthatperiodfor better-payingjobselsewhere.15inthe 1950’sthebabyboomhitanantiquatedandinadequateschoolsystem. Consequentlythecustodialrhetoricofthe1930’snolongermade16 ;keepingyouthsagessixteenandolderoutofthelabormarketby keepingtheminschoolcouldnolongerbeahigh17foran institutionunabletofindspaceandstafftoteachyoungerchildren.Withthe babyboomthefocusofeducators18turnedtowardthe lowergradesandbacktobasicacademicskillsand19.The systemnolongerhadmuch20inofferingnontraditional newandextraservicestoolderyouths.
以下哪几组穴位不是俞募配穴
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebest wordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1. Theeffectofthebabyboomonthe schoolshelpedtomakepossibleashiftinthinkingabouttheroleofpublic educationinthe1920’s.Inthe1920’sbutespecially1 theDepressionofthe1930’stheUnitedStatesexperienceda 2birthrate.Thenwiththeprosperity3 onbytheSecondWorldWarandtheeconomicboomthatfollowedit youngpeoplemarriedand4householdsearlierandbegan to5largerfamiliesthanhadtheir6 duringtheDepression.Birthratesroseto102perthousandin1946 106.2in1950and118in1955.7economicswasprobably themostimportant8itisnottheonlyexplanationfor thebabyboom.Theincreasedvalueplaced9theideaofthe familyalsohelpsto10thisriseinbirthrates.Thebaby boomersbeganstreaming11thefirstgradebythe mid-1940’sandbecamea12by1950.Thepublicschool systemsuddenlyfounditself13Thewartimeeconomymeant thatfewnewschoolswerebuihbetween1940and1945.14 largenumbersofteacherslefttheirprofessionduringthatperiodfor better-payingjobselsewhere.15inthe 1950’sthebabyboomhitanantiquatedandinadequateschoolsystem. Consequentlythecustodialrhetoricofthe1930’snolongermade16 ;keepingyouthsagessixteenandolderoutofthelabormarketby keepingtheminschoolcouldnolongerbeahigh17foran institutionunabletofindspaceandstafftoteachyoungerchildren.Withthe babyboomthefocusofeducators18turnedtowardthe lowergradesandbacktobasicacademicskillsand19.The systemnolongerhadmuch20inofferingnontraditional newandextraservicestoolderyouths.
PartADirections:Readthefollowingfour texts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCorD.Markyour answersonANSWERSHEET1.Text1 Youknowyoushoulddoitotherpeople doitallthetime.Maybeyou’vealreadydoneitbutitwasn’tverysatisfying andyou’dliketolearntodoitbetter.I’mtalkingofcourse abouthavingabusinesslunch.Don’tfeelembarrassedifyouare uncomfortablewiththeideaofsittingoveragrilledchickenbreasttalkingto aprospectiveclient.Mostinexperiencedovereagerlaunchers believethemainpurposeofabusinesslunchistoeitheraconductbusiness orbeatlunchandthey’reunsurehowtomixthetwo.Don’tworry!Business lunchesaren’tabouteitherbusinessorlunchthey’reaboutbuilding relationships.OneofmybusinessrulesisPeopledobusiness withpeopletheylike.Oftenit’snotproductspricesor thecompanythatmakesthesale—it’sthepersonBusinesslunchesaretheperfect timeforyouandyourclientsupplieroremployeetogettoknoweachotheras people.Thishelpsestablishcommoninterestsandmakesworkingtogether easier.Thesinglemostimportantthingyoucandoatabusiness lunch—evenmoreimportantthanpickingupthetab—islisten.You don’tneedaparticularreasontoasksomeonetolunchsodon’twaituntilfor acertainoccasionorissue.Don’tmakeitseemlikelunchis goingtobeasalescall.InsteadtrythestraightforwardapproachWe’vebeen doingbusinesstogetherforalmostayear.I’dliketotakeyoutolunchandget toknowyoualittlebetter.OralittlelessstraightforwardI’moftenin yourareahowabouthavinglunchsometimeHavetheother personsuggestaplacetoeat—Istherearestaurantyou’vebeenwantingto tryOrifyouhavealimitedbudgetyouchooseanicemidpricedrestaurant. ForgetMcDonald’s.Ifyou’rethankingsomeoneforanimportantordertakethem toareallyspecialpossiblynewrestaurant.Ifyoudidthe invitingyoupickupthetabevenifyourguestsaysIcanputthisonmy company’screditcard.Butdon’thaveascenearguingoverthecheck.Youcan justsayYoucangetthenextone.Somecompanieshavepoliciesthatdon’t permitemployeestobetreated;inthatcasesplitthe tab.Accordingtothepassageasuccessfulbusinessmanshouldknow______.
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebest wordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1. Theeffectofthebabyboomonthe schoolshelpedtomakepossibleashiftinthinkingabouttheroleofpublic educationinthe1920’s.Inthe1920’sbutespecially1 theDepressionofthe1930’stheUnitedStatesexperienceda 2birthrate.Thenwiththeprosperity3 onbytheSecondWorldWarandtheeconomicboomthatfollowedit youngpeoplemarriedand4householdsearlierandbegan to5largerfamiliesthanhadtheir6 duringtheDepression.Birthratesroseto102perthousandin1946 106.2in1950and118in1955.7economicswasprobably themostimportant8itisnottheonlyexplanationfor thebabyboom.Theincreasedvalueplaced9theideaofthe familyalsohelpsto10thisriseinbirthrates.Thebaby boomersbeganstreaming11thefirstgradebythe mid-1940’sandbecamea12by1950.Thepublicschool systemsuddenlyfounditself13Thewartimeeconomymeant thatfewnewschoolswerebuihbetween1940and1945.14 largenumbersofteacherslefttheirprofessionduringthatperiodfor better-payingjobselsewhere.15inthe 1950’sthebabyboomhitanantiquatedandinadequateschoolsystem. Consequentlythecustodialrhetoricofthe1930’snolongermade16 ;keepingyouthsagessixteenandolderoutofthelabormarketby keepingtheminschoolcouldnolongerbeahigh17foran institutionunabletofindspaceandstafftoteachyoungerchildren.Withthe babyboomthefocusofeducators18turnedtowardthe lowergradesandbacktobasicacademicskillsand19.The systemnolongerhadmuch20inofferingnontraditional newandextraservicestoolderyouths.
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebest wordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1. Theeffectofthebabyboomonthe schoolshelpedtomakepossibleashiftinthinkingabouttheroleofpublic educationinthe1920’s.Inthe1920’sbutespecially1 theDepressionofthe1930’stheUnitedStatesexperienceda 2birthrate.Thenwiththeprosperity3 onbytheSecondWorldWarandtheeconomicboomthatfollowedit youngpeoplemarriedand4householdsearlierandbegan to5largerfamiliesthanhadtheir6 duringtheDepression.Birthratesroseto102perthousandin1946 106.2in1950and118in1955.7economicswasprobably themostimportant8itisnottheonlyexplanationfor thebabyboom.Theincreasedvalueplaced9theideaofthe familyalsohelpsto10thisriseinbirthrates.Thebaby boomersbeganstreaming11thefirstgradebythe mid-1940’sandbecamea12by1950.Thepublicschool systemsuddenlyfounditself13Thewartimeeconomymeant thatfewnewschoolswerebuihbetween1940and1945.14 largenumbersofteacherslefttheirprofessionduringthatperiodfor better-payingjobselsewhere.15inthe 1950’sthebabyboomhitanantiquatedandinadequateschoolsystem. Consequentlythecustodialrhetoricofthe1930’snolongermade16 ;keepingyouthsagessixteenandolderoutofthelabormarketby keepingtheminschoolcouldnolongerbeahigh17foran institutionunabletofindspaceandstafftoteachyoungerchildren.Withthe babyboomthefocusofeducators18turnedtowardthe lowergradesandbacktobasicacademicskillsand19.The systemnolongerhadmuch20inofferingnontraditional newandextraservicestoolderyouths.
浮小麦主治病证为
Text3 Thereweretwowidelydivergent influencesontheearlydevelopmentofstatisticalmethods.Statisticshada motherwhowasdedicatedtokeepingorderlyrecordsofgovernmentalunitsstate andstatisticscomefromthesameLatinrootstatusandagentlemanlygambling fatherwhoreliedonmathematicstoincreasehisskillatplayingtheoddsin gamesofchance.Theinfluenceofthemotherontheoffspringstatisticsis representedbycountingmeasuringdescribingtabulatingorderingandthe takingofcensuses—allofwhichledtomodemdescriptivestatistics.Fromthe influenceofthefathercamemodeminferenticalstatisticswhichisbased squarelyontheoriesofprobability.Descriptivestatistics involvestabulatingdepictinganddescribingcollectionsofdata.Thesedata maybeeitherquantitativesuchasmeasuresofheightintelligenceorgrade level—variablesthatarecharacterizedbyanunderlyingcontinuumorthedata mayrepresentqualitativevariablesuchassexcollegemajororpersonality type.Largemassesofdatamustgenerallyundergoaprocessof summarizationorreductionbeforetheyarecomprehensible.Descriptive statisticsistoolfordescribingorsummarizingorreducingtocomprehensible formthepropertiesofanotherwiseunwieldymassofdata. Inferentialstatisticsisaformalizedbodyofmethodsforsolvinganother classofproblemsthatpresentgreatdifficultiesfortheunaidedhumanmind. Thisgeneralclassofproblemscharacteristicallyinvolvesattemptstomake predictionsusingasampleofobservations.Forexampleaschoolsuperintendent wishestodeterminetheproportionofchildreninalargeschoolsystemwhocome toschoolwithoutbreakfasthavebeenvaccinatedforfluorwhatever.Havinga littleknowledgeofstatisticsthesuperintendentwouldknowthatitis unnecessaryandinefficienttoquestioneachchild;theproportionforthe entiredistrictcouldbeestimatedfairlyaccuratelyfromasampleofasfewas 100children.Thusthepurposeofinferentialstatisticsistopredictor estimatecharacteristicsofapopulationfromknowledgeofthecharacteristics ofonlyasampleofthepopulation.Whichofthefollowingarecountinganddescribingassociatedwith
具有降血压作用的药物是
Directions:Youaregoingtoreadatextaboutthe studyingandworkingfollowedbyalistofexamples.Choosethebestexample fromthelistA-Fforeachnumberedsubheading41-45.Thereisoneextra examplewhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1. Work/lifebalancewasthebuzzphraseofthelate1990s. Apparentlytoomanypeoplewhowerecashrichandtimepoorwerebecomingfedup withthelonghourscultureandwantedmorebalanceintheirlife.Forstudents theissueisnotwork/lifebalancebutwork/studybalance.With everincreasingfeesworkingwhilestudyingisthenormformanystudents. Facedwithpotentiallyhugedebtssomestudentsmaybetemptedtotakepart timejobsthatinvolveworkinglotsofhoursbutthismayhaveadetrimental impactontheirstudies.Universityismorethanjustabout gettingadegree:extracurricularactivitiesandasociallifearealso important.Howcanstudentsbalancestudyingwithworkingpart-timeandalso ensurethattheydonotmissoutonuniversitylifeDevelop astudyplanOnceyouhaveyourtimetableandanideaof whenyourassignmentsareduedevelopaplanofthebesttimesforyouto studywhetherthisbeeveningsmorningsorweekends.Thiswillhelpyou determinewhichhoursanddaysyoucanwork.41.Chooseajob thatisflexibleYoumayneedtimeofffromyourjobduring examsorifyouhavedeadlinesforcourseworksochoosingtherightjobwhere theemployerisunderstandingandwillingtobeflexibleis important.YoucanmentionthisatinterviewbutBrianStaines ofBristolUniversityCareersOfficesays:Itmaybebettertowaituntilyou havebeenofferedthejobhaveworkedforawhileandhavehadtheopportunity toproveyourselfbeforementioningthatyoumightneedtimeoff. 42.Chooseajobthatfitsinwithyourstudypattern Workingoutyourstudypatterni.e.whetheryou’reatyourbestinthe morningseveningsorlate.Somestudentsarenightowlspreferringtostudy lateatnightothersarelarks.43.Don’ttakeajobthat’s toodemandingThetypeofjobyoulookforwilldependon yourskillset.Apartfromtheusualstudent-typejobstherearerolesin officeswhichcanbedoneatweekendsandevenings-jobssuchasbeinga presentationoperatorusingPowerPointoreveneveningandweekendsecretarial work.44.Beindustriousinyoursearchforwork Theremaybepart-timejobsavailableincallcentersorasphotocopy clerksinbanksandlawfirms.45.Knowyour limitsThereisn’tafigureforthemaximumnumberofhours thatstudentscanworkbeforeitimpactsnegativelyontheirstudiessincethis willvaryfromstudenttostudent.HoweverBrianStainessays: AtBristolwebelievethatifstudentsworkmorethan12hoursaweekduring termtimethiscouldhaveanegativeeffectontheirstudies.Wehaveajob shopatBristolofferingpart-timejobsandallthejobsareamaximumof12 hours.Balancingpart-timeworkwithstudyingisachallenge thatmoreandmorestudentswillface.Aparttimejobwhich involveslonghoursmayhelptheirfinanceintheshorttermbutcouldhavea negativeimpactonlong-termjobprospectsiftheydon’tgetagooddegree addsBrian.[A]Whenyoulookforajobit’sbesttostart withworkingafewhoursandthenonceyougetusedtothejobandknowhowmuch youcancopewithyoucanincreasethehours.It’salwayseasiertoincrease ratherthandecreasethenumberofhoursyouworksaysCaryCooperprofessor ofpsychologyandhealthatLancasterUniversityManagementSchool. [B]Theremayevenbejobsinsecuritywhichgiveyoutheopportunityto studyonthejobperhapsonsitatanunoccupiedbuildingsoit’sagood ideatocastthenetabitwiderwhenlookingforpart-timework. [C]Althoughthesejobspaywellitmaybeachallengetobalance studyingwiththesetypesofjob.AjobdevelpingPowerPointpresentationsmay betoomentallydemandingandtiringbecauseyouwillbelookingatascreen mostofthetimesaysCary.[D]Ifstudentsforexamplework 20hoursaweekthentheirworkcouldsufferunlesstheyareincredibly disciplinedheexplainsAlsouniversityisaboutmorethanjuststudying. Socialtimeandextracurricularactivitiesarealsoimportant. [E]Relaxationisalsoveryimportant.[F]Somestudents mayprefertoworkafeweveningsaweekothersatweekends.Althoughworkis importanttheyneedtofindajobwithhoursthatfitaroundtheiroptimal timesforstudyingratherthantheotherwayroundsaysProfessor Cooper.
Text3 Thereweretwowidelydivergent influencesontheearlydevelopmentofstatisticalmethods.Statisticshada motherwhowasdedicatedtokeepingorderlyrecordsofgovernmentalunitsstate andstatisticscomefromthesameLatinrootstatusandagentlemanlygambling fatherwhoreliedonmathematicstoincreasehisskillatplayingtheoddsin gamesofchance.Theinfluenceofthemotherontheoffspringstatisticsis representedbycountingmeasuringdescribingtabulatingorderingandthe takingofcensuses—allofwhichledtomodemdescriptivestatistics.Fromthe influenceofthefathercamemodeminferenticalstatisticswhichisbased squarelyontheoriesofprobability.Descriptivestatistics involvestabulatingdepictinganddescribingcollectionsofdata.Thesedata maybeeitherquantitativesuchasmeasuresofheightintelligenceorgrade level—variablesthatarecharacterizedbyanunderlyingcontinuumorthedata mayrepresentqualitativevariablesuchassexcollegemajororpersonality type.Largemassesofdatamustgenerallyundergoaprocessof summarizationorreductionbeforetheyarecomprehensible.Descriptive statisticsistoolfordescribingorsummarizingorreducingtocomprehensible formthepropertiesofanotherwiseunwieldymassofdata. Inferentialstatisticsisaformalizedbodyofmethodsforsolvinganother classofproblemsthatpresentgreatdifficultiesfortheunaidedhumanmind. Thisgeneralclassofproblemscharacteristicallyinvolvesattemptstomake predictionsusingasampleofobservations.Forexampleaschoolsuperintendent wishestodeterminetheproportionofchildreninalargeschoolsystemwhocome toschoolwithoutbreakfasthavebeenvaccinatedforfluorwhatever.Havinga littleknowledgeofstatisticsthesuperintendentwouldknowthatitis unnecessaryandinefficienttoquestioneachchild;theproportionforthe entiredistrictcouldbeestimatedfairlyaccuratelyfromasampleofasfewas 100children.Thusthepurposeofinferentialstatisticsistopredictor estimatecharacteristicsofapopulationfromknowledgeofthecharacteristics ofonlyasampleofthepopulation.Whichofthefollowingistrueofdescriptivestatistics
Directions:Youaregoingtoreadatextaboutthe studyingandworkingfollowedbyalistofexamples.Choosethebestexample fromthelistA-Fforeachnumberedsubheading41-45.Thereisoneextra examplewhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1. Work/lifebalancewasthebuzzphraseofthelate1990s. Apparentlytoomanypeoplewhowerecashrichandtimepoorwerebecomingfedup withthelonghourscultureandwantedmorebalanceintheirlife.Forstudents theissueisnotwork/lifebalancebutwork/studybalance.With everincreasingfeesworkingwhilestudyingisthenormformanystudents. Facedwithpotentiallyhugedebtssomestudentsmaybetemptedtotakepart timejobsthatinvolveworkinglotsofhoursbutthismayhaveadetrimental impactontheirstudies.Universityismorethanjustabout gettingadegree:extracurricularactivitiesandasociallifearealso important.Howcanstudentsbalancestudyingwithworkingpart-timeandalso ensurethattheydonotmissoutonuniversitylifeDevelop astudyplanOnceyouhaveyourtimetableandanideaof whenyourassignmentsareduedevelopaplanofthebesttimesforyouto studywhetherthisbeeveningsmorningsorweekends.Thiswillhelpyou determinewhichhoursanddaysyoucanwork.41.Chooseajob thatisflexibleYoumayneedtimeofffromyourjobduring examsorifyouhavedeadlinesforcourseworksochoosingtherightjobwhere theemployerisunderstandingandwillingtobeflexibleis important.YoucanmentionthisatinterviewbutBrianStaines ofBristolUniversityCareersOfficesays:Itmaybebettertowaituntilyou havebeenofferedthejobhaveworkedforawhileandhavehadtheopportunity toproveyourselfbeforementioningthatyoumightneedtimeoff. 42.Chooseajobthatfitsinwithyourstudypattern Workingoutyourstudypatterni.e.whetheryou’reatyourbestinthe morningseveningsorlate.Somestudentsarenightowlspreferringtostudy lateatnightothersarelarks.43.Don’ttakeajobthat’s toodemandingThetypeofjobyoulookforwilldependon yourskillset.Apartfromtheusualstudent-typejobstherearerolesin officeswhichcanbedoneatweekendsandevenings-jobssuchasbeinga presentationoperatorusingPowerPointoreveneveningandweekendsecretarial work.44.Beindustriousinyoursearchforwork Theremaybepart-timejobsavailableincallcentersorasphotocopy clerksinbanksandlawfirms.45.Knowyour limitsThereisn’tafigureforthemaximumnumberofhours thatstudentscanworkbeforeitimpactsnegativelyontheirstudiessincethis willvaryfromstudenttostudent.HoweverBrianStainessays: AtBristolwebelievethatifstudentsworkmorethan12hoursaweekduring termtimethiscouldhaveanegativeeffectontheirstudies.Wehaveajob shopatBristolofferingpart-timejobsandallthejobsareamaximumof12 hours.Balancingpart-timeworkwithstudyingisachallenge thatmoreandmorestudentswillface.Aparttimejobwhich involveslonghoursmayhelptheirfinanceintheshorttermbutcouldhavea negativeimpactonlong-termjobprospectsiftheydon’tgetagooddegree addsBrian.[A]Whenyoulookforajobit’sbesttostart withworkingafewhoursandthenonceyougetusedtothejobandknowhowmuch youcancopewithyoucanincreasethehours.It’salwayseasiertoincrease ratherthandecreasethenumberofhoursyouworksaysCaryCooperprofessor ofpsychologyandhealthatLancasterUniversityManagementSchool. [B]Theremayevenbejobsinsecuritywhichgiveyoutheopportunityto studyonthejobperhapsonsitatanunoccupiedbuildingsoit’sagood ideatocastthenetabitwiderwhenlookingforpart-timework. [C]Althoughthesejobspaywellitmaybeachallengetobalance studyingwiththesetypesofjob.AjobdevelpingPowerPointpresentationsmay betoomentallydemandingandtiringbecauseyouwillbelookingatascreen mostofthetimesaysCary.[D]Ifstudentsforexamplework 20hoursaweekthentheirworkcouldsufferunlesstheyareincredibly disciplinedheexplainsAlsouniversityisaboutmorethanjuststudying. Socialtimeandextracurricularactivitiesarealsoimportant. [E]Relaxationisalsoveryimportant.[F]Somestudents mayprefertoworkafeweveningsaweekothersatweekends.Althoughworkis importanttheyneedtofindajobwithhoursthatfitaroundtheiroptimal timesforstudyingratherthantheotherwayroundsaysProfessor Cooper.
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebest wordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1. Theeffectofthebabyboomonthe schoolshelpedtomakepossibleashiftinthinkingabouttheroleofpublic educationinthe1920’s.Inthe1920’sbutespecially1 theDepressionofthe1930’stheUnitedStatesexperienceda 2birthrate.Thenwiththeprosperity3 onbytheSecondWorldWarandtheeconomicboomthatfollowedit youngpeoplemarriedand4householdsearlierandbegan to5largerfamiliesthanhadtheir6 duringtheDepression.Birthratesroseto102perthousandin1946 106.2in1950and118in1955.7economicswasprobably themostimportant8itisnottheonlyexplanationfor thebabyboom.Theincreasedvalueplaced9theideaofthe familyalsohelpsto10thisriseinbirthrates.Thebaby boomersbeganstreaming11thefirstgradebythe mid-1940’sandbecamea12by1950.Thepublicschool systemsuddenlyfounditself13Thewartimeeconomymeant thatfewnewschoolswerebuihbetween1940and1945.14 largenumbersofteacherslefttheirprofessionduringthatperiodfor better-payingjobselsewhere.15inthe 1950’sthebabyboomhitanantiquatedandinadequateschoolsystem. Consequentlythecustodialrhetoricofthe1930’snolongermade16 ;keepingyouthsagessixteenandolderoutofthelabormarketby keepingtheminschoolcouldnolongerbeahigh17foran institutionunabletofindspaceandstafftoteachyoungerchildren.Withthe babyboomthefocusofeducators18turnedtowardthe lowergradesandbacktobasicacademicskillsand19.The systemnolongerhadmuch20inofferingnontraditional newandextraservicestoolderyouths.
Text3 Thereweretwowidelydivergent influencesontheearlydevelopmentofstatisticalmethods.Statisticshada motherwhowasdedicatedtokeepingorderlyrecordsofgovernmentalunitsstate andstatisticscomefromthesameLatinrootstatusandagentlemanlygambling fatherwhoreliedonmathematicstoincreasehisskillatplayingtheoddsin gamesofchance.Theinfluenceofthemotherontheoffspringstatisticsis representedbycountingmeasuringdescribingtabulatingorderingandthe takingofcensuses—allofwhichledtomodemdescriptivestatistics.Fromthe influenceofthefathercamemodeminferenticalstatisticswhichisbased squarelyontheoriesofprobability.Descriptivestatistics involvestabulatingdepictinganddescribingcollectionsofdata.Thesedata maybeeitherquantitativesuchasmeasuresofheightintelligenceorgrade level—variablesthatarecharacterizedbyanunderlyingcontinuumorthedata mayrepresentqualitativevariablesuchassexcollegemajororpersonality type.Largemassesofdatamustgenerallyundergoaprocessof summarizationorreductionbeforetheyarecomprehensible.Descriptive statisticsistoolfordescribingorsummarizingorreducingtocomprehensible formthepropertiesofanotherwiseunwieldymassofdata. Inferentialstatisticsisaformalizedbodyofmethodsforsolvinganother classofproblemsthatpresentgreatdifficultiesfortheunaidedhumanmind. Thisgeneralclassofproblemscharacteristicallyinvolvesattemptstomake predictionsusingasampleofobservations.Forexampleaschoolsuperintendent wishestodeterminetheproportionofchildreninalargeschoolsystemwhocome toschoolwithoutbreakfasthavebeenvaccinatedforfluorwhatever.Havinga littleknowledgeofstatisticsthesuperintendentwouldknowthatitis unnecessaryandinefficienttoquestioneachchild;theproportionforthe entiredistrictcouldbeestimatedfairlyaccuratelyfromasampleofasfewas 100children.Thusthepurposeofinferentialstatisticsistopredictor estimatecharacteristicsofapopulationfromknowledgeofthecharacteristics ofonlyasampleofthepopulation.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleforthispassage
Text4 Formillionsofyearsbeforethe appearanceoftheelectriclightshiftworkallnightcableTVandthe InternetEarth’screaturesevolvedonaplanetwithpredictableandreassuring 24-hourrhythms.Ourbiologicalclocksaresetforthisdailycycle.Simplyput ourbodieswanttosleepatnightandbeawakeduringtheday.Mostwomenand menneedbetweeneightandeightandahalfhoursofsleepanighttofunction properlythroughouttheirlives.Contrarytopopularbeliefhumansdon’tneed lesssleepastheyage.ButonaverageAmericanssleeponly aboutsevenandahalfhourspernightamarkeddropfromtheninehoursthey averagedin1910.What’sworsenearlyonethirdofallAmericansgetlessthan sixhoursofsleeponatypicalworknight.Formostpeoplethat’snotnearly enough.FindingwaystogetmoreandbetterSleepcanbea challenge.Scientistshaveidentifiedmorethan80differentsleepdisorders. Somesleepingdisordersaregenetic.Butmanyproblemsarecausedbystayingup lateandsleepinginbytravelingfrequentlybetweentimezonesorbyworking nights.Dr.JamesF.JonesatNationalJewishMedicalandResearchCenterin Denversaysthatsleepdisordersareoftendiagnosedasotherdiscomforts.About onethirdofthepatientsreferredtohimwithpossiblechronicfatiguesyndrome actuallyhavetreatablesleepdisorders.Beforewedoanythingelsewelookat theirsleepJonessays.Sleepexpertssaythatmostpeople wouldbenefitfromagoodlookattheirsleeppatterns.Mymottois’Sleep defensively’saysMaryCarskadonofBrownUniversity.Shesayspeopleneedto carveoutsufficienttimetosleepevenifitmeansgivingupotherthings. Sleeproutines—likegoingtobedandgettingupatthesametimeeveryday—are important.Pre-bedtimeactivitiesalsomakeadifference.AswithElanerwho usedtosufferfromsleeplessnessafewlifestylechanges—avoidingstimulants andlatemealsexercisinghoursbeforebedtimerelaxingwithahotbath—yield bettersleep.Forourbodiestofunctionproperlyweshould______.
Directions:Youaregoingtoreadatextaboutthe studyingandworkingfollowedbyalistofexamples.Choosethebestexample fromthelistA-Fforeachnumberedsubheading41-45.Thereisoneextra examplewhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1. Work/lifebalancewasthebuzzphraseofthelate1990s. Apparentlytoomanypeoplewhowerecashrichandtimepoorwerebecomingfedup withthelonghourscultureandwantedmorebalanceintheirlife.Forstudents theissueisnotwork/lifebalancebutwork/studybalance.With everincreasingfeesworkingwhilestudyingisthenormformanystudents. Facedwithpotentiallyhugedebtssomestudentsmaybetemptedtotakepart timejobsthatinvolveworkinglotsofhoursbutthismayhaveadetrimental impactontheirstudies.Universityismorethanjustabout gettingadegree:extracurricularactivitiesandasociallifearealso important.Howcanstudentsbalancestudyingwithworkingpart-timeandalso ensurethattheydonotmissoutonuniversitylifeDevelop astudyplanOnceyouhaveyourtimetableandanideaof whenyourassignmentsareduedevelopaplanofthebesttimesforyouto studywhetherthisbeeveningsmorningsorweekends.Thiswillhelpyou determinewhichhoursanddaysyoucanwork.41.Chooseajob thatisflexibleYoumayneedtimeofffromyourjobduring examsorifyouhavedeadlinesforcourseworksochoosingtherightjobwhere theemployerisunderstandingandwillingtobeflexibleis important.YoucanmentionthisatinterviewbutBrianStaines ofBristolUniversityCareersOfficesays:Itmaybebettertowaituntilyou havebeenofferedthejobhaveworkedforawhileandhavehadtheopportunity toproveyourselfbeforementioningthatyoumightneedtimeoff. 42.Chooseajobthatfitsinwithyourstudypattern Workingoutyourstudypatterni.e.whetheryou’reatyourbestinthe morningseveningsorlate.Somestudentsarenightowlspreferringtostudy lateatnightothersarelarks.43.Don’ttakeajobthat’s toodemandingThetypeofjobyoulookforwilldependon yourskillset.Apartfromtheusualstudent-typejobstherearerolesin officeswhichcanbedoneatweekendsandevenings-jobssuchasbeinga presentationoperatorusingPowerPointoreveneveningandweekendsecretarial work.44.Beindustriousinyoursearchforwork Theremaybepart-timejobsavailableincallcentersorasphotocopy clerksinbanksandlawfirms.45.Knowyour limitsThereisn’tafigureforthemaximumnumberofhours thatstudentscanworkbeforeitimpactsnegativelyontheirstudiessincethis willvaryfromstudenttostudent.HoweverBrianStainessays: AtBristolwebelievethatifstudentsworkmorethan12hoursaweekduring termtimethiscouldhaveanegativeeffectontheirstudies.Wehaveajob shopatBristolofferingpart-timejobsandallthejobsareamaximumof12 hours.Balancingpart-timeworkwithstudyingisachallenge thatmoreandmorestudentswillface.Aparttimejobwhich involveslonghoursmayhelptheirfinanceintheshorttermbutcouldhavea negativeimpactonlong-termjobprospectsiftheydon’tgetagooddegree addsBrian.[A]Whenyoulookforajobit’sbesttostart withworkingafewhoursandthenonceyougetusedtothejobandknowhowmuch youcancopewithyoucanincreasethehours.It’salwayseasiertoincrease ratherthandecreasethenumberofhoursyouworksaysCaryCooperprofessor ofpsychologyandhealthatLancasterUniversityManagementSchool. [B]Theremayevenbejobsinsecuritywhichgiveyoutheopportunityto studyonthejobperhapsonsitatanunoccupiedbuildingsoit’sagood ideatocastthenetabitwiderwhenlookingforpart-timework. [C]Althoughthesejobspaywellitmaybeachallengetobalance studyingwiththesetypesofjob.AjobdevelpingPowerPointpresentationsmay betoomentallydemandingandtiringbecauseyouwillbelookingatascreen mostofthetimesaysCary.[D]Ifstudentsforexamplework 20hoursaweekthentheirworkcouldsufferunlesstheyareincredibly disciplinedheexplainsAlsouniversityisaboutmorethanjuststudying. Socialtimeandextracurricularactivitiesarealsoimportant. [E]Relaxationisalsoveryimportant.[F]Somestudents mayprefertoworkafeweveningsaweekothersatweekends.Althoughworkis importanttheyneedtofindajobwithhoursthatfitaroundtheiroptimal timesforstudyingratherthantheotherwayroundsaysProfessor Cooper.
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebest wordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1. Theeffectofthebabyboomonthe schoolshelpedtomakepossibleashiftinthinkingabouttheroleofpublic educationinthe1920’s.Inthe1920’sbutespecially1 theDepressionofthe1930’stheUnitedStatesexperienceda 2birthrate.Thenwiththeprosperity3 onbytheSecondWorldWarandtheeconomicboomthatfollowedit youngpeoplemarriedand4householdsearlierandbegan to5largerfamiliesthanhadtheir6 duringtheDepression.Birthratesroseto102perthousandin1946 106.2in1950and118in1955.7economicswasprobably themostimportant8itisnottheonlyexplanationfor thebabyboom.Theincreasedvalueplaced9theideaofthe familyalsohelpsto10thisriseinbirthrates.Thebaby boomersbeganstreaming11thefirstgradebythe mid-1940’sandbecamea12by1950.Thepublicschool systemsuddenlyfounditself13Thewartimeeconomymeant thatfewnewschoolswerebuihbetween1940and1945.14 largenumbersofteacherslefttheirprofessionduringthatperiodfor better-payingjobselsewhere.15inthe 1950’sthebabyboomhitanantiquatedandinadequateschoolsystem. Consequentlythecustodialrhetoricofthe1930’snolongermade16 ;keepingyouthsagessixteenandolderoutofthelabormarketby keepingtheminschoolcouldnolongerbeahigh17foran institutionunabletofindspaceandstafftoteachyoungerchildren.Withthe babyboomthefocusofeducators18turnedtowardthe lowergradesandbacktobasicacademicskillsand19.The systemnolongerhadmuch20inofferingnontraditional newandextraservicestoolderyouths.
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebest wordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1. Theeffectofthebabyboomonthe schoolshelpedtomakepossibleashiftinthinkingabouttheroleofpublic educationinthe1920’s.Inthe1920’sbutespecially1 theDepressionofthe1930’stheUnitedStatesexperienceda 2birthrate.Thenwiththeprosperity3 onbytheSecondWorldWarandtheeconomicboomthatfollowedit youngpeoplemarriedand4householdsearlierandbegan to5largerfamiliesthanhadtheir6 duringtheDepression.Birthratesroseto102perthousandin1946 106.2in1950and118in1955.7economicswasprobably themostimportant8itisnottheonlyexplanationfor thebabyboom.Theincreasedvalueplaced9theideaofthe familyalsohelpsto10thisriseinbirthrates.Thebaby boomersbeganstreaming11thefirstgradebythe mid-1940’sandbecamea12by1950.Thepublicschool systemsuddenlyfounditself13Thewartimeeconomymeant thatfewnewschoolswerebuihbetween1940and1945.14 largenumbersofteacherslefttheirprofessionduringthatperiodfor better-payingjobselsewhere.15inthe 1950’sthebabyboomhitanantiquatedandinadequateschoolsystem. Consequentlythecustodialrhetoricofthe1930’snolongermade16 ;keepingyouthsagessixteenandolderoutofthelabormarketby keepingtheminschoolcouldnolongerbeahigh17foran institutionunabletofindspaceandstafftoteachyoungerchildren.Withthe babyboomthefocusofeducators18turnedtowardthe lowergradesandbacktobasicacademicskillsand19.The systemnolongerhadmuch20inofferingnontraditional newandextraservicestoolderyouths.
Text2 IntheUSA85%ofthepopulationover theageif21approveofthedeathpenalty.Inthemanystateswhcihstillhave thedeathpenaltysomeusetheelectricchairwhichcantakeupto20minutes tokillwhileothersusegasorlethalinjection.Thefirstof thesewasthecaseofRuthElliswhowashangedforshootingherloverinwhat wasgenerallyregardedasacrimeofpassion.Thesecondwashangedformurders whichitwaslaterprovedhadbeencommittedbysomeoneelse. Thepro-hanginglobbyusesfourmainargumentstosupportitscallforthe reintroductionofcapitalpunishment.Firstthereisthedeterrencetheory whicharguesthatpotentialmurdererswouldthinktwicebeforecommittingthe actiftheyknewthattheymightdieiftheywerecaught.Thearmedbankrobber mightlikewisegobacktobeingunarmed.Theothertwo argumentsaremoresuspect.Theideaofretributiondemandsthatcriminals shouldgetwhattheydeserve:ifamurdererintentionallysetouttocommita crimeheshouldaccepttheconsequences.Retributionwhichisjustanother wordforrevengeissupportedbythereligiousdoctrineofaneyeforaneye andatoothforatooth.Theargumentsagainstthedeathpenalty arelargelyhumanitarian.Buttherearealsostatisticalreasonsforopposing it:thedeterrencefiguresdonotaddup.InBritain1903wasthetherecord yearforexecutionsandyetin1904thenumberofmurdersactuallyrose.There wasasimilaroccurrencein1946and1947.Ifthedeterrencetheorywere correcttherateshouldhavefallen.Theotherreasonsto opposethedeathpenaltyarelargelyamatherofindividualconscienceand belief.Oneisthatmurderismurderandthatthestatehasnomorerightto takealiferthantheindividual.TheotheristhatChristianityadvises forgivenessnotrevenge.Wecanlearnfromthelastparagraphthat______.
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebest wordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1. Theeffectofthebabyboomonthe schoolshelpedtomakepossibleashiftinthinkingabouttheroleofpublic educationinthe1920’s.Inthe1920’sbutespecially1 theDepressionofthe1930’stheUnitedStatesexperienceda 2birthrate.Thenwiththeprosperity3 onbytheSecondWorldWarandtheeconomicboomthatfollowedit youngpeoplemarriedand4householdsearlierandbegan to5largerfamiliesthanhadtheir6 duringtheDepression.Birthratesroseto102perthousandin1946 106.2in1950and118in1955.7economicswasprobably themostimportant8itisnottheonlyexplanationfor thebabyboom.Theincreasedvalueplaced9theideaofthe familyalsohelpsto10thisriseinbirthrates.Thebaby boomersbeganstreaming11thefirstgradebythe mid-1940’sandbecamea12by1950.Thepublicschool systemsuddenlyfounditself13Thewartimeeconomymeant thatfewnewschoolswerebuihbetween1940and1945.14 largenumbersofteacherslefttheirprofessionduringthatperiodfor better-payingjobselsewhere.15inthe 1950’sthebabyboomhitanantiquatedandinadequateschoolsystem. Consequentlythecustodialrhetoricofthe1930’snolongermade16 ;keepingyouthsagessixteenandolderoutofthelabormarketby keepingtheminschoolcouldnolongerbeahigh17foran institutionunabletofindspaceandstafftoteachyoungerchildren.Withthe babyboomthefocusofeducators18turnedtowardthe lowergradesandbacktobasicacademicskillsand19.The systemnolongerhadmuch20inofferingnontraditional newandextraservicestoolderyouths.
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