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Passage 1 Let children learn to judge their own work. A child learning to talk does not learn b...
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Passage1 Letchildrenlearntojudgetheirownwork.
They give children correct answers.
They point out children' s mistakes to them.
They allow children to mark their own work.
They encourage children to copy from one another.
Letchildrenlearntojudgetheirownwork.A.childlearnin
Letchildrenlearntojudgetheirownwork.A.childlearnin
Someparentsareusedtodoingalmosteverythingfortheirc
Letchildrenlearntojudgetheirownwork.A.childlearnin
Letchildrenlearntojudgetheirownwork.A.childlearnin
Letchildrenlearntojudge判断theirownwork.A.childdoesn
Passage1 Letchildrenlearntojudgetheirownwork.
educated persons
the children themselves
teachers
parents
Letchildrenlearntojudgetheirownwork.Achildlearning
Letchildrenlearntojudgetheirownwork.Achildlearning
Letchildrenlearntojudgetheirownwork.A.childwholear
Letchildrenlearntojudgetheirownwork.A.childlearnin
Letchildrenlearntojudgetheirownwork.A.childlearnin
Letchildrenlearntojudgetheirownwork.A.childwholear
Letchildrenlearntojudgetheirownwork.A.childlearnin
Letchildrenlearntojudgetheirownwork.A.childlearnin
Letchildrenlearntojudgetheirownwork.A.childlearnin
Letchildrenlearntojudgetheirownwork.A.childlearnin
第三部分阅读理解共20小题每题2分满分40分阅读下列短文从每题所给的四个选项中选出最佳选项ALetc
阅读理解Letchildrenlearntojudgetheirownwork.A.childlea
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76Concerningmoneyoranythingelseconflictsbetweenhusbandandwifeusuallyreflectapowerstraggle.Conflictsbetweenparentandchildoftencenteraroundthesameissue.Aschildrenenteradolescencetheybegintodemandgreaterfreedomtogowheretheypleasedowhattheypleaseandmakedecisionswithoutparentalinterference.ManyAmericanparentsdonotknowhowtodealwiththeirteenagersandseekadvicefrombookslecturesandparentgainingcourses.Parentswanttomaintainafriendlyrelationshipwiththeirteenagersandalsowanttoguidethemsothattheirbehaviorwillbewhatevertheparentsconsiderproperandconstructive.Butinasocietyofrapidlychangingsocialandmoralvaluesparentsandchildrenoftendisagreeaboutwhatisimportantandwhatisfight.77Argumentsmayconcernsuchunimportantmattersasstylesofdressorhairdos.Butquarrelsmayalsoconcernschoolworkafterschooljobsdecisionsuseofthefamilycardatingandsexbehavior.Somefamilieshaveseriousproblemswithteenagerswhodropoutofschoolrunawayfromhomeoruseillegaldrugs.Becausesomuchpublicityisgiventotheproblemteenageronegetstheimpressionthatallteenagersaretroublemakers.Actuallyrelativelyfewadolescentsdoanythingwrongandnearlyallgrowupintosolidcitizenswhofulfillmostoftheirparents’expectations.Infactrecentstudiesshowthatthegenerationgapisnarrowing.Thevastmajorityofteenagerssharemostoftheirparents’valuesandideas.Manyparentsfeelthattheygetalongwiththeiradolescentsquitewell.Parentsandchildrenoftendisagreeaboutwhatisimportantorrightbecause______.
George:You'vegivenusawonderfulChinesedinnerMrs.Wang.Mrs.Wang:______
Oneofthewell-knownofAmericanwritersisSamuelClemenswhosepennameisMarkTwain.Bomin1835TwaingrewupintheMississippiRivertownofHannibalMissouri.AsdidmanyotherboysofhisdayTwaindreamedoftravelingonriverboatsandofsomedaybecomingariverboatpilot.TwainusedhismemoriesofthelifeofarivertowninhistwomostfamousbooksHuckleberryFinnandTornSawyer.AsayoungmanTwainheldmanyjobs.Hewasaprinteragoodminerandforatimehewasariverboatpilot.DuringhispilotdaysheadoptedthenameMarkTwain.Thiswasatermusedbytheboatmentomeanthatthewatermeasuredtwofathomsortwelvefeetwhichwasdeepenoughforsafepassage.FinallyTwainbecameasuccessfulwriter.HetraveledagreatdealwritingandspeakingandbecameverypopularbothintheUnitedStatesandinEurope.Twain’sstyleofwritingwassimpleanddirect.Amongthethingshewroteaboutweresuperstitious迷信的peopleandpeoplewhowereeasilyfooled.Heusedhisunusualgiftforhumortowriteaboutmanythingsofimportance.Generallyspeakingthisarticleisabout______.
TheearliestimmigrantstoNorthAmericafoundIndiansalreadylivingthere.TheIndiansnumberedabout500000atthattime.Theirsocietywasaprimitivesocietybuttheylivedpeacefullyandwelcomedthewhitestrangerstotheland.HowevertheseearlyimmigrantsfromEuropedidn’twanttosharethelandwiththenatives.TheykilledoffmanyoftheIndiansseizedtheirlandorpushedthemofftolandsfartheraway.TodaytheIndiansnotmorethanhalfamillionliveinpovertyandmiseryonthelandonwhichtheywereoncemasters.TheearliestimmigrantsweretheSpanishwhosettledinthesouthernpartofwhatisnowtheUSThenextlargegroupweretheEnglishaftertheEnglishcametheFrenchDutchIrishGermansandothernationalitygroupsmostlyEuropean.AnotherearlygrouptoarriveweretheNegroes.ButtheywerebroughtinasslavesfromAfrica.Theydidn’twinfreedomtillgenerationslater.WhoweretheearliestpeoplelivinginNorthAmerica
SorryIdon'tknowheisafriendof______.
Oneofthewell-knownofAmericanwritersisSamuelClemenswhosepennameisMarkTwain.Bomin1835TwaingrewupintheMississippiRivertownofHannibalMissouri.AsdidmanyotherboysofhisdayTwaindreamedoftravelingonriverboatsandofsomedaybecomingariverboatpilot.TwainusedhismemoriesofthelifeofarivertowninhistwomostfamousbooksHuckleberryFinnandTornSawyer.AsayoungmanTwainheldmanyjobs.Hewasaprinteragoodminerandforatimehewasariverboatpilot.DuringhispilotdaysheadoptedthenameMarkTwain.Thiswasatermusedbytheboatmentomeanthatthewatermeasuredtwofathomsortwelvefeetwhichwasdeepenoughforsafepassage.FinallyTwainbecameasuccessfulwriter.HetraveledagreatdealwritingandspeakingandbecameverypopularbothintheUnitedStatesandinEurope.Twain’sstyleofwritingwassimpleanddirect.Amongthethingshewroteaboutweresuperstitious迷信的peopleandpeoplewhowereeasilyfooled.Heusedhisunusualgiftforhumortowriteaboutmanythingsofimportance.WheredidthenameMarkTwaincomefrom
Myhusbandandchildrenfeelveryhappytolivehere.Theycan’tseethatweliveonadirtystreetinadirtyhouseamongpeoplewhoaren’tgood.Theycan’tseethatourneighborshavetomakehappinessoutofallthisdirt.Idecidedthatmychildrenmustgetoutofthis.Themoneythatwe’vesavedisn’tnearlyenough.TheMcGarityshavemoneybuttheyaresoproud.TheylookdownuponthepoorTheMcGaritygirljustyesterdaystoodoutthereinthestreeteatingfromabagofcandywhilearingofhungrychildrenwatchedher.Isawthosechildrenlookingatherandcryingintheirhearts;andwhenshecouldn’teatanymoreshethrewtherestdownthesewer下水道.WhyIsitonlybecausetheyhavemoneyThereismoretohappinessthanmoneyintheworldisn’tthereMissJacksonwhoteachesattheSettlementHouseisn’trichbutsheknowsthings.Sheunderstandspeople.Hereyeslookstraightintoyourswhenshetalkswithyou.Shecanreadyourmind.I’dliketoseethechildrenwillbelikeMissJacksonwhentheygrowup.Thispassagesuggeststhatthewriter______.
Hehas______thearmyfortenyearsandisnowanofficer.
——It'sverykindofyoutohelpmewithmyEnglish.——______
A.itcome B.Ihopeso C.hegetthat D.wassick E.What’sthematter F.Whathappened G.Hashebeensick H.wenttoseethedoctor Beth:DidyouhearthatRonwasinthehospital Mimi:Ohreally56withhim Beth:He’sgotaveryhightemperature.Iguessitmaybecholera霍乱. Mimi:Cholera!Howintheworlddid57 Beth:Whoknows! Mimi:58foralongtime Beth:Foracoupleofweeksapparently.Butheonly59onMonday. Mimi:WhydidhewaitsolongHeshouldhaveseenadoctorearlier. Beth:YesIknow.Butluckilythedoctorsaysifhestaysinthehospitalforafewweeksbeshouldbeabletoimprove. Mimi:Gee60. 56
TheChinesehaveusedamethodcalledacupuncture针炙toperformoperationsforabout4000yearswithoutputtingthepatienttosleep.Thisinvolvesplacingflexibleneedlesintocertainpartsofthebody.TheneedlesareavailableinanumberofstoresinChinaandanyonemaybuythem.Tolearnhowtousetheneedlestakesaboutonemonthoftraining.Buttobeskillfulrequiresgreatertime.79Thepersonwhoperformstheacupunctureknowshowtoputintheneedlessotheneedlesthemselvesarenotpainful.Thispersonalsoknowswheretoplacetheneedlessothepatientfeelsnopainintheareawheretheoperationistobeperformed.Aparticularoperationmightrequire25ormoreneedlesplacedinvariouspartsofthebody.Butnowthisoperationrequiresonly3or4needles.TodaytheChinesedoctorsaretryingtolearnmoreaboutacupuncture.80TheyaretryingtodevelopaconvincingtheorytoexplainhowtheneedlesworkinpreventingpainorwhyaneedleinthewristforexampleWouldpreventthepainintheareaofthemouth.Apatientwhoneedsanoperationisgivenachoicebetweenhavingacupunctureorhavingoneofthechemicalsusedforputtinghimtosleep.Ithasbeenestimatedthatoverhalfofthepatientschooseacupuncturebecausethereisnosicknessaftertheoperationbutthechemicalmaymakethepatientsickforafewhoursoraday.WhichstatementisNOTtrueoftheperformerofacupuncture
Myhusbandandchildrenfeelveryhappytolivehere.Theycan’tseethatweliveonadirtystreetinadirtyhouseamongpeoplewhoaren’tgood.Theycan’tseethatourneighborshavetomakehappinessoutofallthisdirt.Idecidedthatmychildrenmustgetoutofthis.Themoneythatwe’vesavedisn’tnearlyenough.TheMcGarityshavemoneybuttheyaresoproud.TheylookdownuponthepoorTheMcGaritygirljustyesterdaystoodoutthereinthestreeteatingfromabagofcandywhilearingofhungrychildrenwatchedher.Isawthosechildrenlookingatherandcryingintheirhearts;andwhenshecouldn’teatanymoreshethrewtherestdownthesewer下水道.WhyIsitonlybecausetheyhavemoneyThereismoretohappinessthanmoneyintheworldisn’tthereMissJacksonwhoteachesattheSettlementHouseisn’trichbutsheknowsthings.Sheunderstandspeople.Hereyeslookstraightintoyourswhenshetalkswithyou.Shecanreadyourmind.I’dliketoseethechildrenwillbelikeMissJacksonwhentheygrowup.WhatcanwelearnaboutMissJackson
Anotherthinganastronauthastolearnaboutiseatinginspace.Foodisweightlessjustasmenare.Foodforspacehastobepackedinspecialways.Someofitgoesintotubesthatamancansqueezeintohismouth.Bite-sizedcookiesarepackedinplastic.Thereisagoodreasonforcoveringeachbite.Theplastickeepspiecesoffoodfromtravellinginthespaceship.Ontheearthverysmallpiecesoffoodwouldsimplyfalltothefloor.Butgravitydoesn’tpullthemtothefloorwhentheyareoutoftheplasticinaspaceship.78Theymovehereandthereandcangetintoaman’seyesorintothespaceship’sinstruments.Ifanyoftheinstrumentsisblockedtheastronautsmayhavetroublegettingsafelyhome.Asastronautstravelonlongerspacetripshemusttaketimetosleep.Anastronautcanfithimselftohisseatwithakindofseatbelt.Orifhewantstohecansleepinasleepingbagwhichisfixedinplaceunderhisseat.Butbecarefulhemustputhishandsunderthebeltwhenhegoestosleep.Thisisbecauseheisreallyafraidthathemighttouchoneofcontrolsthatisn’tsupposedtobetoucheduntillater.Thebesttitleofthisarticleis______.
W:WhatdidyouthinkofthemovieM:______
Anotherthinganastronauthastolearnaboutiseatinginspace.Foodisweightlessjustasmenare.Foodforspacehastobepackedinspecialways.Someofitgoesintotubesthatamancansqueezeintohismouth.Bite-sizedcookiesarepackedinplastic.Thereisagoodreasonforcoveringeachbite.Theplastickeepspiecesoffoodfromtravellinginthespaceship.Ontheearthverysmallpiecesoffoodwouldsimplyfalltothefloor.Butgravitydoesn’tpullthemtothefloorwhentheyareoutoftheplasticinaspaceship.78Theymovehereandthereandcangetintoaman’seyesorintothespaceship’sinstruments.Ifanyoftheinstrumentsisblockedtheastronautsmayhavetroublegettingsafelyhome.Asastronautstravelonlongerspacetripshemusttaketimetosleep.Anastronautcanfithimselftohisseatwithakindofseatbelt.Orifhewantstohecansleepinasleepingbagwhichisfixedinplaceunderhisseat.Butbecarefulhemustputhishandsunderthebeltwhenhegoestosleep.Thisisbecauseheisreallyafraidthathemighttouchoneofcontrolsthatisn’tsupposedtobetoucheduntillater.Inwhatwayisfoodforspacepacked
SpeakerA:I'dliketocashthistraveler'scheckpleaseSpeakerB:______
A.itcome B.Ihopeso C.hegetthat D.wassick E.What’sthematter F.Whathappened G.Hashebeensick H.wenttoseethedoctor Beth:DidyouhearthatRonwasinthehospital Mimi:Ohreally56withhim Beth:He’sgotaveryhightemperature.Iguessitmaybecholera霍乱. Mimi:Cholera!Howintheworlddid57 Beth:Whoknows! Mimi:58foralongtime Beth:Foracoupleofweeksapparently.Butheonly59onMonday. Mimi:WhydidhewaitsolongHeshouldhaveseenadoctorearlier. Beth:YesIknow.Butluckilythedoctorsaysifhestaysinthehospitalforafewweeksbeshouldbeabletoimprove. Mimi:Gee60. 60
SpeakerA:911Emergency.SpeakerB:______
Youhavebeenbadlyinjuredinacaraccident.Itisnecessarytogiveyouabloodtransfusionbecauseyoulostagreatdealofbloodintheaccident.Howeverspecialcaremustbetakeninselectingnewbloodforyou.Ifthebloodistoodifferentfromyourownthetransfusioncouldkillyou.Therearefourbasictypesofblood;ABABandO.Asimpletestcanindicateaperson’sbloodtype.Everybodyisbornwithoneofthesefourtypesofblood.Bloodtypelikehaircolorandheightisinheritedfromparents.Becauseofsubstancescontainedineachtypethefourgroupsmustbetransfusedcarefully.BasicallyAandBcannotbemixed.AandBcannotreceiveABbutABmayreceiveAorB.Ocangivetoanyothergrouphenceitisoftencalledtheuniversaldonor.FortheoppositereasonABsometimescalledtheuniversalrecipient.Howeverbecausesomanyreactionscanoccurintransfusionspatientsusuallyreceiveonly’saltorplasmauntiltheirbloodcanbematchedasexactlyaspossibleinthebloodbankofahospital.Inthiswayitispossibletoavoidanybadreactionstothetransfusion.Thereisarelationshipbetweenyourbloodtypeandyournationality.AmongEuropeansandpeopleofEuropeanancestryabout42percenthavetypeAwhile45percenthavetypeO.TherarestistypeAB.Otherraceshavedifferentpercentages.ForexamplesomeAmericanIndiangroupshavenearly100percenttypeO.Agoodtitleforthispassageis______.
TheearliestimmigrantstoNorthAmericafoundIndiansalreadylivingthere.TheIndiansnumberedabout500000atthattime.Theirsocietywasaprimitivesocietybuttheylivedpeacefullyandwelcomedthewhitestrangerstotheland.HowevertheseearlyimmigrantsfromEuropedidn’twanttosharethelandwiththenatives.TheykilledoffmanyoftheIndiansseizedtheirlandorpushedthemofftolandsfartheraway.TodaytheIndiansnotmorethanhalfamillionliveinpovertyandmiseryonthelandonwhichtheywereoncemasters.TheearliestimmigrantsweretheSpanishwhosettledinthesouthernpartofwhatisnowtheUSThenextlargegroupweretheEnglishaftertheEnglishcametheFrenchDutchIrishGermansandothernationalitygroupsmostlyEuropean.AnotherearlygrouptoarriveweretheNegroes.ButtheywerebroughtinasslavesfromAfrica.Theydidn’twinfreedomtillgenerationslater.Accordingtothispassagewhichofthefollowingistrue
CirqueduSoleilsayit:SerkduSo-layisbeingaccusedofout-datedthinkingaboutthedangersofAIDS.ItisamodemacrobaticcircusfromCanadathattoursintheUnitedStatesandothercountries.LastAprilthecompanyfiredMatthewCusickbecausehewasHIVpositive.Thiswasafterhespentfourmonthslearninghispartinanact.AspokesmanforthecircussaidCusickwasfiredforsafetyreasons.Theysaidhewasadangertoothers.Hedisagreed.HundredsofpeoplepicketedashowinSanFrancisco.Theysaidthatfiringhimwasnotlegal.CusicksaysthecompanyknewhewasHIVpositivewhentheyhiredhim.Itwasnotfairtolethimputsomuchtimeintolearninghisactandthenfirehimbeforeheperformed.Hesaysheisnotadangertoothers.PeoplecanonlygetAIDSifinfectedbloodcontactsanotherperson’sbloodoropenwound.Thecompanysayswhattheiracrobatsdoisveryverydangerous.Theyperformtrickswithoutnets.SomeonemightfallandgethurtItcouldbebloody.TheysayitistooriskytoletapersonwithHIVtakepartinanact.Peoplewhorunthecircussayithurtstobeaccusedofdiscrimination.MatthewCusicksayshefeelshurtthathecan’tperforminthebigblueandyellowtent.DozensofartistsactorswritersandentertainersgotinvolvedinprotestingthefiringofMatthewCusick.Somenamesyoumightknoware:theActors’EquityUnion45000membersRosieO’DonnellRodMcKuenandChadAllen.TheyalsoprotestedatashowinginOrangeCounty.TheysaidHIVdiscriminationisunacceptable./MatthewCusick______.
A.itcome B.Ihopeso C.hegetthat D.wassick E.What’sthematter F.Whathappened G.Hashebeensick H.wenttoseethedoctor Beth:DidyouhearthatRonwasinthehospital Mimi:Ohreally56withhim Beth:He’sgotaveryhightemperature.Iguessitmaybecholera霍乱. Mimi:Cholera!Howintheworlddid57 Beth:Whoknows! Mimi:58foralongtime Beth:Foracoupleofweeksapparently.Butheonly59onMonday. Mimi:WhydidhewaitsolongHeshouldhaveseenadoctorearlier. Beth:YesIknow.Butluckilythedoctorsaysifhestaysinthehospitalforafewweeksbeshouldbeabletoimprove. Mimi:Gee60. 58
W:ExcusemedoyouhavesomechangeforadollarM:______
Youhavebeenbadlyinjuredinacaraccident.Itisnecessarytogiveyouabloodtransfusionbecauseyoulostagreatdealofbloodintheaccident.Howeverspecialcaremustbetakeninselectingnewbloodforyou.Ifthebloodistoodifferentfromyourownthetransfusioncouldkillyou.Therearefourbasictypesofblood;ABABandO.Asimpletestcanindicateaperson’sbloodtype.Everybodyisbornwithoneofthesefourtypesofblood.Bloodtypelikehaircolorandheightisinheritedfromparents.Becauseofsubstancescontainedineachtypethefourgroupsmustbetransfusedcarefully.BasicallyAandBcannotbemixed.AandBcannotreceiveABbutABmayreceiveAorB.Ocangivetoanyothergrouphenceitisoftencalledtheuniversaldonor.FortheoppositereasonABsometimescalledtheuniversalrecipient.Howeverbecausesomanyreactionscanoccurintransfusionspatientsusuallyreceiveonly’saltorplasmauntiltheirbloodcanbematchedasexactlyaspossibleinthebloodbankofahospital.Inthiswayitispossibletoavoidanybadreactionstothetransfusion.Thereisarelationshipbetweenyourbloodtypeandyournationality.AmongEuropeansandpeopleofEuropeanancestryabout42percenthavetypeAwhile45percenthavetypeO.TherarestistypeAB.Otherraceshavedifferentpercentages.ForexamplesomeAmericanIndiangroupshavenearly100percenttypeO.PeoplewithtypeAbloodcartreceive______.
CirqueduSoleilsayit:SerkduSo-layisbeingaccusedofout-datedthinkingaboutthedangersofAIDS.ItisamodemacrobaticcircusfromCanadathattoursintheUnitedStatesandothercountries.LastAprilthecompanyfiredMatthewCusickbecausehewasHIVpositive.Thiswasafterhespentfourmonthslearninghispartinanact.AspokesmanforthecircussaidCusickwasfiredforsafetyreasons.Theysaidhewasadangertoothers.Hedisagreed.HundredsofpeoplepicketedashowinSanFrancisco.Theysaidthatfiringhimwasnotlegal.CusicksaysthecompanyknewhewasHIVpositivewhentheyhiredhim.Itwasnotfairtolethimputsomuchtimeintolearninghisactandthenfirehimbeforeheperformed.Hesaysheisnotadangertoothers.PeoplecanonlygetAIDSifinfectedbloodcontactsanotherperson’sbloodoropenwound.Thecompanysayswhattheiracrobatsdoisveryverydangerous.Theyperformtrickswithoutnets.SomeonemightfallandgethurtItcouldbebloody.TheysayitistooriskytoletapersonwithHIVtakepartinanact.Peoplewhorunthecircussayithurtstobeaccusedofdiscrimination.MatthewCusicksayshefeelshurtthathecan’tperforminthebigblueandyellowtent.DozensofartistsactorswritersandentertainersgotinvolvedinprotestingthefiringofMatthewCusick.Somenamesyoumightknoware:theActors’EquityUnion45000membersRosieO’DonnellRodMcKuenandChadAllen.TheyalsoprotestedatashowinginOrangeCounty.TheysaidHIVdiscriminationisunacceptable./CirqueduSoleilofficialssaidtheirtopconcernwas______.
W:Rayaren'tyougoingstraighthomeafterschooltodayM:______
76Concerningmoneyoranythingelseconflictsbetweenhusbandandwifeusuallyreflectapowerstraggle.Conflictsbetweenparentandchildoftencenteraroundthesameissue.Aschildrenenteradolescencetheybegintodemandgreaterfreedomtogowheretheypleasedowhattheypleaseandmakedecisionswithoutparentalinterference.ManyAmericanparentsdonotknowhowtodealwiththeirteenagersandseekadvicefrombookslecturesandparentgainingcourses.Parentswanttomaintainafriendlyrelationshipwiththeirteenagersandalsowanttoguidethemsothattheirbehaviorwillbewhatevertheparentsconsiderproperandconstructive.Butinasocietyofrapidlychangingsocialandmoralvaluesparentsandchildrenoftendisagreeaboutwhatisimportantandwhatisfight.77Argumentsmayconcernsuchunimportantmattersasstylesofdressorhairdos.Butquarrelsmayalsoconcernschoolworkafterschooljobsdecisionsuseofthefamilycardatingandsexbehavior.Somefamilieshaveseriousproblemswithteenagerswhodropoutofschoolrunawayfromhomeoruseillegaldrugs.Becausesomuchpublicityisgiventotheproblemteenageronegetstheimpressionthatallteenagersaretroublemakers.Actuallyrelativelyfewadolescentsdoanythingwrongandnearlyallgrowupintosolidcitizenswhofulfillmostoftheirparents’expectations.Infactrecentstudiesshowthatthegenerationgapisnarrowing.Thevastmajorityofteenagerssharemostoftheirparents’valuesandideas.Manyparentsfeelthattheygetalongwiththeiradolescentsquitewell.AschildrenenteradolescentstheybegintodothefollowingEXCEPT______.
Customer:I'mlookingforanewlivingroomset.Salesman:Wehavealotofverynicesets.WhatstyledoyouhaveinmindCustomer:______.WhatIneedissomethingcomfortable.
TheChinesehaveusedamethodcalledacupuncture针炙toperformoperationsforabout4000yearswithoutputtingthepatienttosleep.Thisinvolvesplacingflexibleneedlesintocertainpartsofthebody.TheneedlesareavailableinanumberofstoresinChinaandanyonemaybuythem.Tolearnhowtousetheneedlestakesaboutonemonthoftraining.Buttobeskillfulrequiresgreatertime.79Thepersonwhoperformstheacupunctureknowshowtoputintheneedlessotheneedlesthemselvesarenotpainful.Thispersonalsoknowswheretoplacetheneedlessothepatientfeelsnopainintheareawheretheoperationistobeperformed.Aparticularoperationmightrequire25ormoreneedlesplacedinvariouspartsofthebody.Butnowthisoperationrequiresonly3or4needles.TodaytheChinesedoctorsaretryingtolearnmoreaboutacupuncture.80TheyaretryingtodevelopaconvincingtheorytoexplainhowtheneedlesworkinpreventingpainorwhyaneedleinthewristforexampleWouldpreventthepainintheareaofthemouth.Apatientwhoneedsanoperationisgivenachoicebetweenhavingacupunctureorhavingoneofthechemicalsusedforputtinghimtosleep.Ithasbeenestimatedthatoverhalfofthepatientschooseacupuncturebecausethereisnosicknessaftertheoperationbutthechemicalmaymakethepatientsickforafewhoursoraday.Itcanbelearnedfromthepassagethat______.
Anotherthinganastronauthastolearnaboutiseatinginspace.Foodisweightlessjustasmenare.Foodforspacehastobepackedinspecialways.Someofitgoesintotubesthatamancansqueezeintohismouth.Bite-sizedcookiesarepackedinplastic.Thereisagoodreasonforcoveringeachbite.Theplastickeepspiecesoffoodfromtravellinginthespaceship.Ontheearthverysmallpiecesoffoodwouldsimplyfalltothefloor.Butgravitydoesn’tpullthemtothefloorwhentheyareoutoftheplasticinaspaceship.78Theymovehereandthereandcangetintoaman’seyesorintothespaceship’sinstruments.Ifanyoftheinstrumentsisblockedtheastronautsmayhavetroublegettingsafelyhome.Asastronautstravelonlongerspacetripshemusttaketimetosleep.Anastronautcanfithimselftohisseatwithakindofseatbelt.Orifhewantstohecansleepinasleepingbagwhichisfixedinplaceunderhisseat.Butbecarefulhemustputhishandsunderthebeltwhenhegoestosleep.Thisisbecauseheisreallyafraidthathemighttouchoneofcontrolsthatisn’tsupposedtobetoucheduntillater.Whywouldastronautscovereachbiteoffoodinspace
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