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A. Where do hurricanes usually happen? ? ?B. What damages can a hurricane cause? ? ?C. What should y...
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{{*HTML*}}MuseumsintheModernWorld??Museumshavechanged.Theyarenolongerplacesfortheprivilegedfeworforboredvacationerstovisitonrainydays.Actionanddemocracyarewordsusedindescriptionsofmuseumsnow.??AtasciencemuseuminOntarioCanadayoucanfeelyourhairstandonendasharmlesselectricitypassesthroughyourbody.AttheMetropolitanMuseumofArtinNewYorkCityyoucanlookat17thcenturyinstrumentswhilelisteningtotheirmusic.AttheModemMuseuminSwedenyoucanputoncostumesprovidedbytheStockholmOpera.Astheseexamplesshowmuseumsarereachingouttonewaudiencesparticularlytheyoungthepoorandthelesseducatedmembersofthepopulation.Asaresultattendanceisincreasing.??Moreandmoremuseumsdirectorsarerealizingthatpeoplelearnbestwhentheycansomehowbecomepartofwhattheyareseeing.Inmanysciencemuseumsforexampletherearenoguidedtours.Thevisitorisencouragedtotouchlistenoperateandexperimentsoastodiscoverscientificprinciplesforhimself.Hecanhavetheexperienceofoperatingaspaceshiporacomputer.Hecanexperimentwithglassblowingandpapermaking.Thepurposeisnotonlytoprovidefunbutalsotohelppeoplefeelathomeintheworldofscience.Thetheoryisthatpeoplewhodonotunderstandsciencewillprobablyfearitandthosewhofearsciencewillnotuseittothebestadvantage.Manymuseumsnowprovideeducationalservicesandchildren’sdepartments.Inadditiontotheusualdisplaystheyalsoofferfilmshowingsanddanceprograms.Insteadofbeingplacesthatoneshouldvisittheyareplacestoenjoy.??Onecauseofallthesechangesistheincreaseinwealthandleisuretime.Anothercauseistherisingpercentageofyoungpopulation.Manyoftheseyoungpeoplearecollegestudentsorcollegegraduatestheyarebettereducatedthantheirparents.Theyseethingsinanewanddifferentway.Theyarenotcontenttostandandlookatworksofart;theywantarttheycanparticipatein.Thesameistrueofscienceandhistory.IntheUScertaingroupswhoformerlyweretoopoortocareaboutanythingbeyondthebasicneedsofdailylifearenowbecomingcuriousabouttheworldaroundthem.Theyoungpeopleinthesegroupslikeyoungpeopleingeneralhavebenefitedfromabettereducationthantheirparentsreceived.Allthesegroupsandtherestofthepopulationaswellhavebeeninfluencedbytelevisionwhichhastaughtthemaboutplacesandothertimes.??Theeffectofallthishasbeentochangeexistingmuseumsandtoencouragethebuildingofnewones.IntheUSandCanadaalonetherearenowmorethan6000museumsalmosttwiceasmanyastherewere25yearsago.Abouthalfofthemaredevotedtohistoryandtherestareevenlydividedbetweentheartsandsciences.ThenumberofvisitorsaccordingtotheAmericanAssociationofmuseumshasrisentomorethan700millionayear.??Infactthecrowdsofvisitorsatsomemuseumsarecreatingamajorproblemadmissiontomuseumshasalwaysbeeneitherfreeorveryinexpensivebutnowsomemuseumsarechargingentrancefeesforthefirsttimeorraisingtheirprices.Evenwhenraisedhoweverentrancefeesaregenerallytoolowtosupportamuseumwithitsusuallylargebuildinganditshighlytrainedstaff.Withthedevelopmentofsocietypeopleespeciallytheyoungpeople______.
Thefactthathehasbeenquitefrankinadmittinghismistakescountsalottohiscredit.
CharlieChaplin CharlieChaplinwasbornonApril161889inLondon.Hisfatherwasanentertainerandalthoughnotoneofthebignameshewasdoingverywell.HismotherHannahwasalsoanentertainer.WhiletheywerebynomeansrichthemusichallprovidedtheChaplinswithacomfortableliving. Unfortunatelyhappylifedidn’tlastlong.Father’salcoholismwasslowlybutsurelydestroyinghismarriage.Finallyitendedindivorce.ButHannahwasindomitable不屈不挠的.WithoutherCharlieChaplinwouldhavebecomejustonemorechildlostinthepovertyofVictorianLondon.SomehowshenotonlymanagedtokeepCharlieandhisbrotherSydneycleanandwarmclothedandfedbutsheconjured变戏法littletreatsforthem.Shewouldsitatthewindowwatchingthepassers-byandguessattheircharactersfromthewaytheylookedandbehavedspinningtalestodelightCharlieandSyney.Charlietookinherskillsandwentonusingthemallhislife. Charliehadalwaysbelievedevenintheworsttimethathehadsomespecialpotentialinsidehim.Hetookhiscourageandwenttoseeoneofthetoptheatricalagents.WithnoexperienceatallhewasbeingofferedthepartofBillythepageboy小听差inanewproductionof"SherlockHolmes"."SherlockHolmes"openedonJuly271903attheenormous"PavilionTheatre".Charlieseemedtochangeovernight.Itwasasifhehadfoundthethinghewasmeanttodo. In1910whenKamosetoffonitsyearlyAmericantourCharliewasregardedas"oneofthebestpantomime哑剧artistseverseenhere."TheyhadreachedPhiladelphiawhenatelegramarrivedandhewasbeingofferedthechancetoreplaceastarintheKeystonefilmcompany. CinemawasborninthesameyearasCharliethoughpeoplestillbelieveditwasapassingfad一时的狂热时尚andwouldneverreplaceliveshows.Hewaskepthangingaboutforseveralweeksandheusedthetimetowatchandlearn.Hewasdeterminedtomasterthisnewmedium.Itofferedhimthechanceofmoneyandsuccessanditwouldsethimfreefromtheunpredictabilityofliveaudience. Charlie’sfirstfilmreleasedinFebruary1914wascalled"Makingaliving".Thoughitdidn’tsatisfyCharliethepubliclikedit.Afterthathemadetenfilmsandhelearnedalot.ThepubliclovedhimanddistributorsweredemandingmoreandmoreChaplinfilms.InanincrediblyshorttimeCharliehadbecomeaveryimportantmaninmotionpicture. AltogetherCharliemade11films.
Iamsuretotellyouthatthere'snodanger.
{{*HTML*}}MuseumsintheModernWorld??Museumshavechanged.Theyarenolongerplacesfortheprivilegedfeworforboredvacationerstovisitonrainydays.Actionanddemocracyarewordsusedindescriptionsofmuseumsnow.??AtasciencemuseuminOntarioCanadayoucanfeelyourhairstandonendasharmlesselectricitypassesthroughyourbody.AttheMetropolitanMuseumofArtinNewYorkCityyoucanlookat17thcenturyinstrumentswhilelisteningtotheirmusic.AttheModemMuseuminSwedenyoucanputoncostumesprovidedbytheStockholmOpera.Astheseexamplesshowmuseumsarereachingouttonewaudiencesparticularlytheyoungthepoorandthelesseducatedmembersofthepopulation.Asaresultattendanceisincreasing.??Moreandmoremuseumsdirectorsarerealizingthatpeoplelearnbestwhentheycansomehowbecomepartofwhattheyareseeing.Inmanysciencemuseumsforexampletherearenoguidedtours.Thevisitorisencouragedtotouchlistenoperateandexperimentsoastodiscoverscientificprinciplesforhimself.Hecanhavetheexperienceofoperatingaspaceshiporacomputer.Hecanexperimentwithglassblowingandpapermaking.Thepurposeisnotonlytoprovidefunbutalsotohelppeoplefeelathomeintheworldofscience.Thetheoryisthatpeoplewhodonotunderstandsciencewillprobablyfearitandthosewhofearsciencewillnotuseittothebestadvantage.Manymuseumsnowprovideeducationalservicesandchildren’sdepartments.Inadditiontotheusualdisplaystheyalsoofferfilmshowingsanddanceprograms.Insteadofbeingplacesthatoneshouldvisittheyareplacestoenjoy.??Onecauseofallthesechangesistheincreaseinwealthandleisuretime.Anothercauseistherisingpercentageofyoungpopulation.Manyoftheseyoungpeoplearecollegestudentsorcollegegraduatestheyarebettereducatedthantheirparents.Theyseethingsinanewanddifferentway.Theyarenotcontenttostandandlookatworksofart;theywantarttheycanparticipatein.Thesameistrueofscienceandhistory.IntheUScertaingroupswhoformerlyweretoopoortocareaboutanythingbeyondthebasicneedsofdailylifearenowbecomingcuriousabouttheworldaroundthem.Theyoungpeopleinthesegroupslikeyoungpeopleingeneralhavebenefitedfromabettereducationthantheirparentsreceived.Allthesegroupsandtherestofthepopulationaswellhavebeeninfluencedbytelevisionwhichhastaughtthemaboutplacesandothertimes.??Theeffectofallthishasbeentochangeexistingmuseumsandtoencouragethebuildingofnewones.IntheUSandCanadaalonetherearenowmorethan6000museumsalmosttwiceasmanyastherewere25yearsago.Abouthalfofthemaredevotedtohistoryandtherestareevenlydividedbetweentheartsandsciences.ThenumberofvisitorsaccordingtotheAmericanAssociationofmuseumshasrisentomorethan700millionayear.??Infactthecrowdsofvisitorsatsomemuseumsarecreatingamajorproblemadmissiontomuseumshasalwaysbeeneitherfreeorveryinexpensivebutnowsomemuseumsarechargingentrancefeesforthefirsttimeorraisingtheirprices.Evenwhenraisedhoweverentrancefeesaregenerallytoolowtosupportamuseumwithitsusuallylargebuildinganditshighlytrainedstaff.{{*HTML*}}paragraph5______.??A.Causesofchanges??B.Increasingnumberofmuseumsandvisitors??C.Museumsgettingclosertomorespectators??D.Moviesshowninmuseums??E.Newnotionsaboutthemanagementofmuseums??F.Placestovisit
ObtainingDrinkingWaterfromAirHumidityNotaplanttobeseenthedesertgroundistoodry．Buttheaircontainswaterandresearchscientistshavefounda51ofobtainingdrinkingwaterfromairhumidity．Theprocesswehavedevelopedisbasedexclusivelyonrenewableenergysources52thermalsolarcollectorsandphotovoltaic光电的cells53makesthismethodcompletelyenergyautonomous．Itwill54functioninregionswherethereisnoelectricalinfrastructure基础设施saysSiegfriedEgnerheadoftheresearchteam．Theprincipleofthe55isasfollowshygroscopic吸湿的brine盐水-saline含盐的solutionwhichabsorbsmoisture-runsdownatowershapedunitandabsorbswaterfromtheair．Itisthensucked56atankafewmetersoffthegroundinwhichavacuumprevails．Energyfromsolarcollectors57upthebrinewhichisdilutedbythewaterithas58．Becauseofthevacuumtheboilingpointoftheliquidislowerthanitwouldbeunder59atmosphericpressure．Theevaporated蒸发的non-salinewateriscondensedandrunsdownthroughacompletelyfilledtubeinacontrolledmanner．Thegravityofthiswatercolumn60producesthevacuumandSOavacuumpumpisnotneeded．Thereconcentratedbrine61downthetowersurfaceagaintoabsorbmoisturefromtheair．Theconceptissuitableforvariouswater62．Single-personunitsandplantssupplyingwatertoentirehotelsareconceivablesaysEgner．Prototypeshavebeenbuiltfor63systemcomponents-airmoistureabsorptionandvacuumevaporation-andtheresearchscientistshavealready64theirinterplayonalaboratoryscale．Inafurther65theresearchersintendtodevelopademonstrationfacility．
{{*HTML*}}MuseumsintheModernWorld??Museumshavechanged.Theyarenolongerplacesfortheprivilegedfeworforboredvacationerstovisitonrainydays.Actionanddemocracyarewordsusedindescriptionsofmuseumsnow.??AtasciencemuseuminOntarioCanadayoucanfeelyourhairstandonendasharmlesselectricitypassesthroughyourbody.AttheMetropolitanMuseumofArtinNewYorkCityyoucanlookat17thcenturyinstrumentswhilelisteningtotheirmusic.AttheModemMuseuminSwedenyoucanputoncostumesprovidedbytheStockholmOpera.Astheseexamplesshowmuseumsarereachingouttonewaudiencesparticularlytheyoungthepoorandthelesseducatedmembersofthepopulation.Asaresultattendanceisincreasing.??Moreandmoremuseumsdirectorsarerealizingthatpeoplelearnbestwhentheycansomehowbecomepartofwhattheyareseeing.Inmanysciencemuseumsforexampletherearenoguidedtours.Thevisitorisencouragedtotouchlistenoperateandexperimentsoastodiscoverscientificprinciplesforhimself.Hecanhavetheexperienceofoperatingaspaceshiporacomputer.Hecanexperimentwithglassblowingandpapermaking.Thepurposeisnotonlytoprovidefunbutalsotohelppeoplefeelathomeintheworldofscience.Thetheoryisthatpeoplewhodonotunderstandsciencewillprobablyfearitandthosewhofearsciencewillnotuseittothebestadvantage.Manymuseumsnowprovideeducationalservicesandchildren’sdepartments.Inadditiontotheusualdisplaystheyalsoofferfilmshowingsanddanceprograms.Insteadofbeingplacesthatoneshouldvisittheyareplacestoenjoy.??Onecauseofallthesechangesistheincreaseinwealthandleisuretime.Anothercauseistherisingpercentageofyoungpopulation.Manyoftheseyoungpeoplearecollegestudentsorcollegegraduatestheyarebettereducatedthantheirparents.Theyseethingsinanewanddifferentway.Theyarenotcontenttostandandlookatworksofart;theywantarttheycanparticipatein.Thesameistrueofscienceandhistory.IntheUScertaingroupswhoformerlyweretoopoortocareaboutanythingbeyondthebasicneedsofdailylifearenowbecomingcuriousabouttheworldaroundthem.Theyoungpeopleinthesegroupslikeyoungpeopleingeneralhavebenefitedfromabettereducationthantheirparentsreceived.Allthesegroupsandtherestofthepopulationaswellhavebeeninfluencedbytelevisionwhichhastaughtthemaboutplacesandothertimes.??Theeffectofallthishasbeentochangeexistingmuseumsandtoencouragethebuildingofnewones.IntheUSandCanadaalonetherearenowmorethan6000museumsalmosttwiceasmanyastherewere25yearsago.Abouthalfofthemaredevotedtohistoryandtherestareevenlydividedbetweentheartsandsciences.ThenumberofvisitorsaccordingtotheAmericanAssociationofmuseumshasrisentomorethan700millionayear.??Infactthecrowdsofvisitorsatsomemuseumsarecreatingamajorproblemadmissiontomuseumshasalwaysbeeneitherfreeorveryinexpensivebutnowsomemuseumsarechargingentrancefeesforthefirsttimeorraisingtheirprices.Evenwhenraisedhoweverentrancefeesaregenerallytoolowtosupportamuseumwithitsusuallylargebuildinganditshighlytrainedstaff.paragraph3______.
{{*HTML*}}HousesofFuture??Whatwillhousesbelikeinthirtyyears’time?Noonereallyknowsbutarchitectsaretrying?topredict?46?.??Futurehouseswillhavetobeflexible.Inthirtyyears’timeevenmoreofuswillbeworkingat?home.Sowewillhavetobeabletouseareasofthehouseforworkforpartofthedayandforlivingfortherest.Familiesgrowandchangewithchildrenarrivinggrowingupandleavinghome.?47?nothingwillbeasfixedasitisnow.Thehousewillalwaysbechangingtomeetchangingneeds.??Everyoneagreesthatinthirtyyears’timewewillbelivinginintelligenthouses.Wewillbe?abletotalktoourkitchenmachinesanddiscusswiththemwhattodo.Likethiswe’llbehavingapartythisweekend.Whatfoodshallwecook??48?.Wewillbeabletoleavemostofthecookingtothemachinesjusttastingthingsfromtimetotimetocheck.??Thehouseofthefuturewillbepersonal-eachhouse?49?youwon’thavetopaint?themyou’llbeabletotellthewalltochangethecolor!Andifyoudon’tlikethecolorthenextdayyouwillbeabletohaveanewone.?50?.??A.youwillbeabletochangethecolorofthewalleasily??B.Theonlythingyouwon’tbeabletodoismovingthehousesomewhereelse??C.Andthemachinewilltelluswhatfoodwewillhavetobuyandhowtocookit??D.whatourhomewillbelike??E.?Thehouseofthefuturewillhavetogrowandchangewiththefamily??F.?hekidsmighttaketheirbedroomswiththemastheyhave
ObtainingDrinkingWaterfromAirHumidityNotaplanttobeseenthedesertgroundistoodry．Buttheaircontainswaterandresearchscientistshavefounda51ofobtainingdrinkingwaterfromairhumidity．Theprocesswehavedevelopedisbasedexclusivelyonrenewableenergysources52thermalsolarcollectorsandphotovoltaic光电的cells53makesthismethodcompletelyenergyautonomous．Itwill54functioninregionswherethereisnoelectricalinfrastructure基础设施saysSiegfriedEgnerheadoftheresearchteam．Theprincipleofthe55isasfollowshygroscopic吸湿的brine盐水-saline含盐的solutionwhichabsorbsmoisture-runsdownatowershapedunitandabsorbswaterfromtheair．Itisthensucked56atankafewmetersoffthegroundinwhichavacuumprevails．Energyfromsolarcollectors57upthebrinewhichisdilutedbythewaterithas58．Becauseofthevacuumtheboilingpointoftheliquidislowerthanitwouldbeunder59atmosphericpressure．Theevaporated蒸发的non-salinewateriscondensedandrunsdownthroughacompletelyfilledtubeinacontrolledmanner．Thegravityofthiswatercolumn60producesthevacuumandSOavacuumpumpisnotneeded．Thereconcentratedbrine61downthetowersurfaceagaintoabsorbmoisturefromtheair．Theconceptissuitableforvariouswater62．Single-personunitsandplantssupplyingwatertoentirehotelsareconceivablesaysEgner．Prototypeshavebeenbuiltfor63systemcomponents-airmoistureabsorptionandvacuumevaporation-andtheresearchscientistshavealready64theirinterplayonalaboratoryscale．Inafurther65theresearchersintendtodevelopademonstrationfacility．
DreamsofFlight Thestoryofman’sdreamofflightofhisdesiretoreachthestarsisasoldasmankinditself.AccordingtoGreeklegendDaedaluswasthefirstmantofly.HeandhissonhadbeenkeptonanislandinordertoescapeDaedalusshapedwingsofwax蜡intowhichhestuckbirdfeathers.Duringtheirflighthissonflewtoohighandthesunmeltedthewax.Hewasdrownedinthesea.ThefatherwassupposedtohavecontinuedhisNightandreachedSicilyseveralhundredmilesaway. ThereisalsoanEnglishlegendofKingBladudwhoduringhisruleintheninthcenturyB.C.usedwingstofly.Buthisflightwasshort-livedandhefelltohisdeath.Thedreamofflyingcontinuedbutinallthelegendstheflierroselikeabirdonlytofalllikeastone.Ittookhundredsofyearsthatmenflewupintotheairandreturnedtoearthsafely. ThefirstmantoapproachflyingonascientificbasiswasanEnglishmanwholivedduringthethirteenthcentury.Helookedattheairaboutusasaseaandhebelievedthataballooncouldfloatontheairjustasaboatdidonwater.AlmostfourhundredyearslateranItalianpriestappliedhisprincipleofairflight.Hedesignedaboatwhichwouldbeheldintheairbyfourhollowspheres空心球.Eachofthefourballswastobe20feetindiameter直径andmadeofverythincopper.Buthisboatwasnever.builtsinceitwasnotpossibletomakespheresofsuchthinmetalandsuchsizeinthosedays. AccordingtotheEnglishlegendKingBladudlosthislifebecause
{{*HTML*}}MuseumsintheModernWorld??Museumshavechanged.Theyarenolongerplacesfortheprivilegedfeworforboredvacationerstovisitonrainydays.Actionanddemocracyarewordsusedindescriptionsofmuseumsnow.??AtasciencemuseuminOntarioCanadayoucanfeelyourhairstandonendasharmlesselectricitypassesthroughyourbody.AttheMetropolitanMuseumofArtinNewYorkCityyoucanlookat17thcenturyinstrumentswhilelisteningtotheirmusic.AttheModemMuseuminSwedenyoucanputoncostumesprovidedbytheStockholmOpera.Astheseexamplesshowmuseumsarereachingouttonewaudiencesparticularlytheyoungthepoorandthelesseducatedmembersofthepopulation.Asaresultattendanceisincreasing.??Moreandmoremuseumsdirectorsarerealizingthatpeoplelearnbestwhentheycansomehowbecomepartofwhattheyareseeing.Inmanysciencemuseumsforexampletherearenoguidedtours.Thevisitorisencouragedtotouchlistenoperateandexperimentsoastodiscoverscientificprinciplesforhimself.Hecanhavetheexperienceofoperatingaspaceshiporacomputer.Hecanexperimentwithglassblowingandpapermaking.Thepurposeisnotonlytoprovidefunbutalsotohelppeoplefeelathomeintheworldofscience.Thetheoryisthatpeoplewhodonotunderstandsciencewillprobablyfearitandthosewhofearsciencewillnotuseittothebestadvantage.Manymuseumsnowprovideeducationalservicesandchildren’sdepartments.Inadditiontotheusualdisplaystheyalsoofferfilmshowingsanddanceprograms.Insteadofbeingplacesthatoneshouldvisittheyareplacestoenjoy.??Onecauseofallthesechangesistheincreaseinwealthandleisuretime.Anothercauseistherisingpercentageofyoungpopulation.Manyoftheseyoungpeoplearecollegestudentsorcollegegraduatestheyarebettereducatedthantheirparents.Theyseethingsinanewanddifferentway.Theyarenotcontenttostandandlookatworksofart;theywantarttheycanparticipatein.Thesameistrueofscienceandhistory.IntheUScertaingroupswhoformerlyweretoopoortocareaboutanythingbeyondthebasicneedsofdailylifearenowbecomingcuriousabouttheworldaroundthem.Theyoungpeopleinthesegroupslikeyoungpeopleingeneralhavebenefitedfromabettereducationthantheirparentsreceived.Allthesegroupsandtherestofthepopulationaswellhavebeeninfluencedbytelevisionwhichhastaughtthemaboutplacesandothertimes.??Theeffectofallthishasbeentochangeexistingmuseumsandtoencouragethebuildingofnewones.IntheUSandCanadaalonetherearenowmorethan6000museumsalmosttwiceasmanyastherewere25yearsago.Abouthalfofthemaredevotedtohistoryandtherestareevenlydividedbetweentheartsandsciences.ThenumberofvisitorsaccordingtotheAmericanAssociationofmuseumshasrisentomorethan700millionayear.??Infactthecrowdsofvisitorsatsomemuseumsarecreatingamajorproblemadmissiontomuseumshasalwaysbeeneitherfreeorveryinexpensivebutnowsomemuseumsarechargingentrancefeesforthefirsttimeorraisingtheirprices.Evenwhenraisedhoweverentrancefeesaregenerallytoolowtosupportamuseumwithitsusuallylargebuildinganditshighlytrainedstaff.{{*HTML*}}Twomajorproblemsformuseumsarethattheyhavetoomanyvisitorsandthey______.??A.havehigherdemandsofmuseums??B.areopentomorepeoplewithdifferentsocialbackground??C.tolengthentheiropeninghours??D.chargetoolittleforadmission??E.havebeenbuiltandopentopublic??F.bylowingtheadmissionfees
ThelandscapecanchangeabruptlyafterarainstormintheGreatSaharaDesert.
Patriciastaredattheothergirlswithresentment．
CharlieChaplin CharlieChaplinwasbornonApril161889inLondon.Hisfatherwasanentertainerandalthoughnotoneofthebignameshewasdoingverywell.HismotherHannahwasalsoanentertainer.WhiletheywerebynomeansrichthemusichallprovidedtheChaplinswithacomfortableliving. Unfortunatelyhappylifedidn’tlastlong.Father’salcoholismwasslowlybutsurelydestroyinghismarriage.Finallyitendedindivorce.ButHannahwasindomitable不屈不挠的.WithoutherCharlieChaplinwouldhavebecomejustonemorechildlostinthepovertyofVictorianLondon.SomehowshenotonlymanagedtokeepCharlieandhisbrotherSydneycleanandwarmclothedandfedbutsheconjured变戏法littletreatsforthem.Shewouldsitatthewindowwatchingthepassers-byandguessattheircharactersfromthewaytheylookedandbehavedspinningtalestodelightCharlieandSyney.Charlietookinherskillsandwentonusingthemallhislife. Charliehadalwaysbelievedevenintheworsttimethathehadsomespecialpotentialinsidehim.Hetookhiscourageandwenttoseeoneofthetoptheatricalagents.WithnoexperienceatallhewasbeingofferedthepartofBillythepageboy小听差inanewproductionof"SherlockHolmes"."SherlockHolmes"openedonJuly271903attheenormous"PavilionTheatre".Charlieseemedtochangeovernight.Itwasasifhehadfoundthethinghewasmeanttodo. In1910whenKamosetoffonitsyearlyAmericantourCharliewasregardedas"oneofthebestpantomime哑剧artistseverseenhere."TheyhadreachedPhiladelphiawhenatelegramarrivedandhewasbeingofferedthechancetoreplaceastarintheKeystonefilmcompany. CinemawasborninthesameyearasCharliethoughpeoplestillbelieveditwasapassingfad一时的狂热时尚andwouldneverreplaceliveshows.Hewaskepthangingaboutforseveralweeksandheusedthetimetowatchandlearn.Hewasdeterminedtomasterthisnewmedium.Itofferedhimthechanceofmoneyandsuccessanditwouldsethimfreefromtheunpredictabilityofliveaudience. Charlie’sfirstfilmreleasedinFebruary1914wascalled"Makingaliving".Thoughitdidn’tsatisfyCharliethepubliclikedit.Afterthathemadetenfilmsandhelearnedalot.ThepubliclovedhimanddistributorsweredemandingmoreandmoreChaplinfilms.InanincrediblyshorttimeCharliehadbecomeaveryimportantmaninmotionpicture. AfamoustheatricalagentinvitedCharlietoactinthenewproductionofSherlockHolmes.
Sometimesitisadvisabletobookhotelsinadvance.
Alotofpeoplecouldfallillafterdrinkingcontaminatedwater.
{{*HTML*}}HousesofFuture??Whatwillhousesbelikeinthirtyyears’time?Noonereallyknowsbutarchitectsaretrying?topredict?46?.??Futurehouseswillhavetobeflexible.Inthirtyyears’timeevenmoreofuswillbeworkingat?home.Sowewillhavetobeabletouseareasofthehouseforworkforpartofthedayandforlivingfortherest.Familiesgrowandchangewithchildrenarrivinggrowingupandleavinghome.?47?nothingwillbeasfixedasitisnow.Thehousewillalwaysbechangingtomeetchangingneeds.??Everyoneagreesthatinthirtyyears’timewewillbelivinginintelligenthouses.Wewillbe?abletotalktoourkitchenmachinesanddiscusswiththemwhattodo.Likethiswe’llbehavingapartythisweekend.Whatfoodshallwecook??48?.Wewillbeabletoleavemostofthecookingtothemachinesjusttastingthingsfromtimetotimetocheck.??Thehouseofthefuturewillbepersonal-eachhouse?49?youwon’thavetopaint?themyou’llbeabletotellthewalltochangethecolor!Andifyoudon’tlikethecolorthenextdayyouwillbeabletohaveanewone.?50?.??A.youwillbeabletochangethecolorofthewalleasily??B.Theonlythingyouwon’tbeabletodoismovingthehousesomewhereelse??C.Andthemachinewilltelluswhatfoodwewillhavetobuyandhowtocookit??D.whatourhomewillbelike??E.?Thehouseofthefuturewillhavetogrowandchangewiththefamily??F.?hekidsmighttaketheirbedroomswiththemastheyhave
NoJetlag时差反应Anymore Mostpeoplewhotravellongdistancescomplainofjetlag时差反应.Jetlagmakesbusinesstravelerslessproductive对产的有成效的andmoreprone51makingmistakes.Itisactuallycausedby52ofyour"bodyclock"-asmallcluster串组群ofbraincellsthatcontrolsthetimingofbiological53.Thebodyclockisdesignedforaregularrhythm节奏ofdaylightanddarknesssothatitisthrownoutofbalancewhenitexperiencesdaylightanddarknessatthe"wrong"timesinanewtimezone.The54ofjetlagoftenpersist持续fordays55theinternalbodyclockslowlyadjuststothenewtimezone. Nowanewanti-jetlagsystemisavailablethatisbasedonproven56andpioneeringscientificresearch.Dr.MartinMoorehasdevisedapracticalstrategytoadjustthebodyclockmuchsoonertothenewtimezone57controlledexposuretobrightlight.Thetimezoneshift转换iseasytoaccomplishandeliminates消除58ofthediscomfortofjetlag. 63
{{*HTML*}}HousesofFuture??Whatwillhousesbelikeinthirtyyears’time?Noonereallyknowsbutarchitectsaretrying?topredict?46?.??Futurehouseswillhavetobeflexible.Inthirtyyears’timeevenmoreofuswillbeworkingat?home.Sowewillhavetobeabletouseareasofthehouseforworkforpartofthedayandforlivingfortherest.Familiesgrowandchangewithchildrenarrivinggrowingupandleavinghome.?47?nothingwillbeasfixedasitisnow.Thehousewillalwaysbechangingtomeetchangingneeds.??Everyoneagreesthatinthirtyyears’timewewillbelivinginintelligenthouses.Wewillbe?abletotalktoourkitchenmachinesanddiscusswiththemwhattodo.Likethiswe’llbehavingapartythisweekend.Whatfoodshallwecook??48?.Wewillbeabletoleavemostofthecookingtothemachinesjusttastingthingsfromtimetotimetocheck.??Thehouseofthefuturewillbepersonal-eachhouse?49?youwon’thavetopaint?themyou’llbeabletotellthewalltochangethecolor!Andifyoudon’tlikethecolorthenextdayyouwillbeabletohaveanewone.?50?.??A.youwillbeabletochangethecolorofthewalleasily??B.Theonlythingyouwon’tbeabletodoismovingthehousesomewhereelse??C.Andthemachinewilltelluswhatfoodwewillhavetobuyandhowtocookit??D.whatourhomewillbelike??E.?Thehouseofthefuturewillhavetogrowandchangewiththefamily??F.?hekidsmighttaketheirbedroomswiththemastheyhave
TheBeginningofAmericanLiteratureAmericanhasalwaysbeenalandofbeginnings.AfterEuropeans‘iscovered’AmericainthefifteenthcenturythemysteriousNewWorldbecameformanypeopleagenuinehopeofanewlifeanescapefrompovertyandpersecutionachancetostartagain.WecansaythatasnationAmericabeginswiththathope.WhenhoweverdoesAmericanliteraturebeginAmericanliteraturebeginswithAmericanexperiences.LongbeforethefirstcolonistsarrivedbeforeChristopherColumbusbeforetheNorthmenwho’found’Americaabouttheyear1000NativeAmericanslivedhere.Eachtribe’sliteraturewastightlywovenintothefabricofdailylifeandreflectedtheunmistakablyAmericanexperienceofliningwiththeland.AnotherkindofexperienceonefilledwithfearandexcitementfounditsexpressioninthereportsthatColumbusandotherexplorerssenthomeinSpainFranceandEngland.InadditionthejournalsofthepeoplewholivedanddiedintheNewEnglandwildernesstellunforgettabletalesofhardandsometimesheartbreakingexperiencesofthoseearlyyears.ExperiencethenisthekeytoearlyAmericanliterature.TheNewWorldprovidedagreatvarietyofexperiencesandtheseexperiencesdemandedawidevarietyofexpressionsbyanevenwidervarietyofearlyAmericanwriters.ThesewritersincludedJohnSmithwhospentonlytwo-andahalfyearsontheAmericancontinent.TheyincludedJonathanEdwardsandWilliamByrdwhothoughtofthemselvesasBritishsubjectsneversuspectingarevolutionthatwouldcreateaUnitedStatesofAmericawithaliteratureofitsown.AmericanIndiansexplorersPuritanministersfrontierwivesplantationowner-theyareallthecreatorsofthefirstAmericanliterature.Themainpurposeofthelastparagraphistotellthereadersthat
DreamsofFlight Thestoryofman’sdreamofflightofhisdesiretoreachthestarsisasoldasmankinditself.AccordingtoGreeklegendDaedaluswasthefirstmantofly.HeandhissonhadbeenkeptonanislandinordertoescapeDaedalusshapedwingsofwax蜡intowhichhestuckbirdfeathers.Duringtheirflighthissonflewtoohighandthesunmeltedthewax.Hewasdrownedinthesea.ThefatherwassupposedtohavecontinuedhisNightandreachedSicilyseveralhundredmilesaway. ThereisalsoanEnglishlegendofKingBladudwhoduringhisruleintheninthcenturyB.C.usedwingstofly.Buthisflightwasshort-livedandhefelltohisdeath.Thedreamofflyingcontinuedbutinallthelegendstheflierroselikeabirdonlytofalllikeastone.Ittookhundredsofyearsthatmenflewupintotheairandreturnedtoearthsafely. ThefirstmantoapproachflyingonascientificbasiswasanEnglishmanwholivedduringthethirteenthcentury.Helookedattheairaboutusasaseaandhebelievedthataballooncouldfloatontheairjustasaboatdidonwater.AlmostfourhundredyearslateranItalianpriestappliedhisprincipleofairflight.Hedesignedaboatwhichwouldbeheldintheairbyfourhollowspheres空心球.Eachofthefourballswastobe20feetindiameter直径andmadeofverythincopper.Buthisboatwasnever.builtsinceitwasnotpossibletomakespheresofsuchthinmetalandsuchsizeinthosedays. Thepriestfailedtobuildtheboatbecause
CharlieChaplin CharlieChaplinwasbornonApril161889inLondon.Hisfatherwasanentertainerandalthoughnotoneofthebignameshewasdoingverywell.HismotherHannahwasalsoanentertainer.WhiletheywerebynomeansrichthemusichallprovidedtheChaplinswithacomfortableliving. Unfortunatelyhappylifedidn’tlastlong.Father’salcoholismwasslowlybutsurelydestroyinghismarriage.Finallyitendedindivorce.ButHannahwasindomitable不屈不挠的.WithoutherCharlieChaplinwouldhavebecomejustonemorechildlostinthepovertyofVictorianLondon.SomehowshenotonlymanagedtokeepCharlieandhisbrotherSydneycleanandwarmclothedandfedbutsheconjured变戏法littletreatsforthem.Shewouldsitatthewindowwatchingthepassers-byandguessattheircharactersfromthewaytheylookedandbehavedspinningtalestodelightCharlieandSyney.Charlietookinherskillsandwentonusingthemallhislife. Charliehadalwaysbelievedevenintheworsttimethathehadsomespecialpotentialinsidehim.Hetookhiscourageandwenttoseeoneofthetoptheatricalagents.WithnoexperienceatallhewasbeingofferedthepartofBillythepageboy小听差inanewproductionof"SherlockHolmes"."SherlockHolmes"openedonJuly271903attheenormous"PavilionTheatre".Charlieseemedtochangeovernight.Itwasasifhehadfoundthethinghewasmeanttodo. In1910whenKamosetoffonitsyearlyAmericantourCharliewasregardedas"oneofthebestpantomime哑剧artistseverseenhere."TheyhadreachedPhiladelphiawhenatelegramarrivedandhewasbeingofferedthechancetoreplaceastarintheKeystonefilmcompany. CinemawasborninthesameyearasCharliethoughpeoplestillbelieveditwasapassingfad一时的狂热时尚andwouldneverreplaceliveshows.Hewaskepthangingaboutforseveralweeksandheusedthetimetowatchandlearn.Hewasdeterminedtomasterthisnewmedium.Itofferedhimthechanceofmoneyandsuccessanditwouldsethimfreefromtheunpredictabilityofliveaudience. Charlie’sfirstfilmreleasedinFebruary1914wascalled"Makingaliving".Thoughitdidn’tsatisfyCharliethepubliclikedit.Afterthathemadetenfilmsandhelearnedalot.ThepubliclovedhimanddistributorsweredemandingmoreandmoreChaplinfilms.InanincrediblyshorttimeCharliehadbecomeaveryimportantmaninmotionpicture. Charlie’smotherHannahbecameafilmstaraswell.
TheBeginningofAmericanLiteratureAmericanhasalwaysbeenalandofbeginnings.AfterEuropeans‘iscovered’AmericainthefifteenthcenturythemysteriousNewWorldbecameformanypeopleagenuinehopeofanewlifeanescapefrompovertyandpersecutionachancetostartagain.WecansaythatasnationAmericabeginswiththathope.WhenhoweverdoesAmericanliteraturebeginAmericanliteraturebeginswithAmericanexperiences.LongbeforethefirstcolonistsarrivedbeforeChristopherColumbusbeforetheNorthmenwho’found’Americaabouttheyear1000NativeAmericanslivedhere.Eachtribe’sliteraturewastightlywovenintothefabricofdailylifeandreflectedtheunmistakablyAmericanexperienceofliningwiththeland.AnotherkindofexperienceonefilledwithfearandexcitementfounditsexpressioninthereportsthatColumbusandotherexplorerssenthomeinSpainFranceandEngland.InadditionthejournalsofthepeoplewholivedanddiedintheNewEnglandwildernesstellunforgettabletalesofhardandsometimesheartbreakingexperiencesofthoseearlyyears.ExperiencethenisthekeytoearlyAmericanliterature.TheNewWorldprovidedagreatvarietyofexperiencesandtheseexperiencesdemandedawidevarietyofexpressionsbyanevenwidervarietyofearlyAmericanwriters.ThesewritersincludedJohnSmithwhospentonlytwo-andahalfyearsontheAmericancontinent.TheyincludedJonathanEdwardsandWilliamByrdwhothoughtofthemselvesasBritishsubjectsneversuspectingarevolutionthatwouldcreateaUnitedStatesofAmericawithaliteratureofitsown.AmericanIndiansexplorersPuritanministersfrontierwivesplantationowner-theyareallthecreatorsofthefirstAmericanliterature.WhendidAmericanliteraturebegin
ObtainingDrinkingWaterfromAirHumidityNotaplanttobeseenthedesertgroundistoodry．Buttheaircontainswaterandresearchscientistshavefounda51ofobtainingdrinkingwaterfromairhumidity．Theprocesswehavedevelopedisbasedexclusivelyonrenewableenergysources52thermalsolarcollectorsandphotovoltaic光电的cells53makesthismethodcompletelyenergyautonomous．Itwill54functioninregionswherethereisnoelectricalinfrastructure基础设施saysSiegfriedEgnerheadoftheresearchteam．Theprincipleofthe55isasfollowshygroscopic吸湿的brine盐水-saline含盐的solutionwhichabsorbsmoisture-runsdownatowershapedunitandabsorbswaterfromtheair．Itisthensucked56atankafewmetersoffthegroundinwhichavacuumprevails．Energyfromsolarcollectors57upthebrinewhichisdilutedbythewaterithas58．Becauseofthevacuumtheboilingpointoftheliquidislowerthanitwouldbeunder59atmosphericpressure．Theevaporated蒸发的non-salinewateriscondensedandrunsdownthroughacompletelyfilledtubeinacontrolledmanner．Thegravityofthiswatercolumn60producesthevacuumandSOavacuumpumpisnotneeded．Thereconcentratedbrine61downthetowersurfaceagaintoabsorbmoisturefromtheair．Theconceptissuitableforvariouswater62．Single-personunitsandplantssupplyingwatertoentirehotelsareconceivablesaysEgner．Prototypeshavebeenbuiltfor63systemcomponents-airmoistureabsorptionandvacuumevaporation-andtheresearchscientistshavealready64theirinterplayonalaboratoryscale．Inafurther65theresearchersintendtodevelopademonstrationfacility．
Certainlynocreatureintheseaisodderthanthecommonseacucumber海参.Alllivingcreaturesespeciallyhumanbeingshavetheirpeculiaritiesbuteverythingaboutthelittleseacucumberseemsunusual.Whatelsecanbesaidaboutanoddanimalthatamongothereccentricitieseatsmudfeedsalmostcontinuouslydayandnightbutcanlivewithouteatingforlongperiodsandcanbepoisonoushutisconsideredsupremelyediblebygourmets美食家 Forsomefiftymillionyearsdespiteallitseccentricitiestheseacucumberhassubsistedonitsdietofmud.Itisadaptableenoughtoliveattachedtorocksbyitstubefeetunderrocksinshallowwateroronthesurfaceofmudfiats.CommonincoolwateronbothAtlanticandPacificshoresithastheabilitytosuckup.mudorsandanddigestwhatevernutrientsarepresent. Seacucumberscomeinavarietyofcolorsrangingfromblacktoreddish-browntosandcolorandnearlywhite.Oneformevenhadvividpurpletentacles.Usuallythecreaturesarecucumbers-shaped——hencetheirname——andbecausetheyaretypicallyrockinhabitantsthisshapecombinedwithflexibilityenablesthemtosqueezeintonarrowcrackswheretheyaresafefrompredatorsandoceancurrents. Thefourthparagraphofthepassageprimarilydiscusses.
Certainlynocreatureintheseaisodderthanthecommonseacucumber海参.Alllivingcreaturesespeciallyhumanbeingshavetheirpeculiaritiesbuteverythingaboutthelittleseacucumberseemsunusual.Whatelsecanbesaidaboutanoddanimalthatamongothereccentricitieseatsmudfeedsalmostcontinuouslydayandnightbutcanlivewithouteatingforlongperiodsandcanbepoisonoushutisconsideredsupremelyediblebygourmets美食家 Forsomefiftymillionyearsdespiteallitseccentricitiestheseacucumberhassubsistedonitsdietofmud.Itisadaptableenoughtoliveattachedtorocksbyitstubefeetunderrocksinshallowwateroronthesurfaceofmudfiats.CommonincoolwateronbothAtlanticandPacificshoresithastheabilitytosuckup.mudorsandanddigestwhatevernutrientsarepresent. Seacucumberscomeinavarietyofcolorsrangingfromblacktoreddish-browntosandcolorandnearlywhite.Oneformevenhadvividpurpletentacles.Usuallythecreaturesarecucumbers-shaped——hencetheirname——andbecausetheyaretypicallyrockinhabitantsthisshapecombinedwithflexibilityenablesthemtosqueezeintonarrowcrackswheretheyaresafefrompredatorsandoceancurrents. Whatcanbeinferredaboutthedefensemechanismsoftheseacucumber
NoJetlag时差反应Anymore Mostpeoplewhotravellongdistancescomplainofjetlag时差反应.Jetlagmakesbusinesstravelerslessproductive对产的有成效的andmoreprone51makingmistakes.Itisactuallycausedby52ofyour"bodyclock"-asmallcluster串组群ofbraincellsthatcontrolsthetimingofbiological53.Thebodyclockisdesignedforaregularrhythm节奏ofdaylightanddarknesssothatitisthrownoutofbalancewhenitexperiencesdaylightanddarknessatthe"wrong"timesinanewtimezone.The54ofjetlagoftenpersist持续fordays55theinternalbodyclockslowlyadjuststothenewtimezone. Nowanewanti-jetlagsystemisavailablethatisbasedonproven56andpioneeringscientificresearch.Dr.MartinMoorehasdevisedapracticalstrategytoadjustthebodyclockmuchsoonertothenewtimezone57controlledexposuretobrightlight.Thetimezoneshift转换iseasytoaccomplishandeliminates消除58ofthediscomfortofjetlag. 65
Certainlynocreatureintheseaisodderthanthecommonseacucumber海参.Alllivingcreaturesespeciallyhumanbeingshavetheirpeculiaritiesbuteverythingaboutthelittleseacucumberseemsunusual.Whatelsecanbesaidaboutanoddanimalthatamongothereccentricitieseatsmudfeedsalmostcontinuouslydayandnightbutcanlivewithouteatingforlongperiodsandcanbepoisonoushutisconsideredsupremelyediblebygourmets美食家 Forsomefiftymillionyearsdespiteallitseccentricitiestheseacucumberhassubsistedonitsdietofmud.Itisadaptableenoughtoliveattachedtorocksbyitstubefeetunderrocksinshallowwateroronthesurfaceofmudfiats.CommonincoolwateronbothAtlanticandPacificshoresithastheabilitytosuckup.mudorsandanddigestwhatevernutrientsarepresent. Seacucumberscomeinavarietyofcolorsrangingfromblacktoreddish-browntosandcolorandnearlywhite.Oneformevenhadvividpurpletentacles.Usuallythecreaturesarecucumbers-shaped——hencetheirname——andbecausetheyaretypicallyrockinhabitantsthisshapecombinedwithflexibilityenablesthemtosqueezeintonarrowcrackswheretheyaresafefrompredatorsandoceancurrents. Althoughtheyhavevoraciousappetiteseatingdayandnightseacucumbershavethecapacitytobecomeinactiveandliveatalowmetabolicratefeedingsparinglyornotatallforlongperiodssothatthemarineorganismsthatprovidetheirfoodhaveachancetomultiply.Ifitwerenotforthisfacultytheywoulddevourallthefoodavailableinashorttimeandwouldprobablystarvethemselvesout’ofexistence.Butthemostspectacularthingabouttheseacucumberisthewayitdefendsitself.Itsmajorenemiesarefishandcrabswhenattackeditsquirtsallitsinternalorgansintothewater.Italsocastsoffattachedstructuressuchastentacles.Theseacucumberwilleviscerate排除内脏andregenerateitselfifitisattackedoreventouched;itwilldothesameifthesurroundingwatertemperatureistoohighorifthewaterbecomestoopolluted. Thepassageismainlyabout.
Ididn'thelphim.Iwouldhavehoweverdidn'thavethemoney.
CharlieChaplin CharlieChaplinwasbornonApril161889inLondon.Hisfatherwasanentertainerandalthoughnotoneofthebignameshewasdoingverywell.HismotherHannahwasalsoanentertainer.WhiletheywerebynomeansrichthemusichallprovidedtheChaplinswithacomfortableliving. Unfortunatelyhappylifedidn’tlastlong.Father’salcoholismwasslowlybutsurelydestroyinghismarriage.Finallyitendedindivorce.ButHannahwasindomitable不屈不挠的.WithoutherCharlieChaplinwouldhavebecomejustonemorechildlostinthepovertyofVictorianLondon.SomehowshenotonlymanagedtokeepCharlieandhisbrotherSydneycleanandwarmclothedandfedbutsheconjured变戏法littletreatsforthem.Shewouldsitatthewindowwatchingthepassers-byandguessattheircharactersfromthewaytheylookedandbehavedspinningtalestodelightCharlieandSyney.Charlietookinherskillsandwentonusingthemallhislife. Charliehadalwaysbelievedevenintheworsttimethathehadsomespecialpotentialinsidehim.Hetookhiscourageandwenttoseeoneofthetoptheatricalagents.WithnoexperienceatallhewasbeingofferedthepartofBillythepageboy小听差inanewproductionof"SherlockHolmes"."SherlockHolmes"openedonJuly271903attheenormous"PavilionTheatre".Charlieseemedtochangeovernight.Itwasasifhehadfoundthethinghewasmeanttodo. In1910whenKamosetoffonitsyearlyAmericantourCharliewasregardedas"oneofthebestpantomime哑剧artistseverseenhere."TheyhadreachedPhiladelphiawhenatelegramarrivedandhewasbeingofferedthechancetoreplaceastarintheKeystonefilmcompany. CinemawasborninthesameyearasCharliethoughpeoplestillbelieveditwasapassingfad一时的狂热时尚andwouldneverreplaceliveshows.Hewaskepthangingaboutforseveralweeksandheusedthetimetowatchandlearn.Hewasdeterminedtomasterthisnewmedium.Itofferedhimthechanceofmoneyandsuccessanditwouldsethimfreefromtheunpredictabilityofliveaudience. Charlie’sfirstfilmreleasedinFebruary1914wascalled"Makingaliving".Thoughitdidn’tsatisfyCharliethepubliclikedit.Afterthathemadetenfilmsandhelearnedalot.ThepubliclovedhimanddistributorsweredemandingmoreandmoreChaplinfilms.InanincrediblyshorttimeCharliehadbecomeaveryimportantmaninmotionpicture. InCharlie’schildhoodhismotherplayedanimportantrole.
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