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津液在体内流注输布的通道是
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津液输布的主要通道是
血管
经络
三焦
腠理
胸中
津液在体内流注输布的通道是
脉管
经络
脾脏
三焦
肾脏
津液输布的主要通道是
血府
经络
腠理
三焦
分肉
津液输布的主要通道是
血脉
经络
腠理
三焦
血管
津液输布的主要通道是
脉管
经络
腠理
三焦
分肉
肺的宣降对体内津液起着疏通和调节作用的有
生成
输布
吸收
运行
肺的宣发功能不包括
排出体内浊气
输布津液，外达皮毛
宣散卫气
将代谢后的津液化为尿液排出体外
输布津液，上达头面
润燥苔临床意义是主要反映体内
津液盈亏
津液输布情况
邪正的盛衰
病邪的性质
津液运行输布的主要通道是
三焦
膀胱
经络
尿道
肾
试述津液在体内生成后的输布过程
津液输布的主要通道是
经络
三焦
脉管
腠理
津液输布的通道是
经络
三焦
脉管
腠理
分肉
肺主宣发的生理作用体现于??
排出体内浊气
布散津液和水谷精微于全身
宣发卫气，调节腠理开合
输布津液于皮毛，润泽肌肤
保证呼吸道通畅
血液的运行和津液的输布靠气的作用体内液态物质的无故流失是因为气的作用减弱
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SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.Inhis1979bookTheSinkingArkbiologistNormanMyersestimatedthat1ofmorethan100human-causedextinctionsoccureachdayandthatonemillionspecies2bythecentury’send.Yetthereislittleevidenceof3thatnumberofextinctions.Forexampleonlysevenspeciesonthe4specieslisthavebecomeextinct5thelistwascreatedin1973.Bio6isanimportantvalueaccordingtomanyscientists.Neverthelessthesupposedmassextinctionratesbandiedaboutare7bymultiplying8byimprobablestogetimponderables.Manyestimatesforinstancerelyagreatdealona"species-area9"whichpredictsthattwiceasmanyspecieswillbefoundon100squaremiles10ontensquaremiles.Theproblemisthatspeciesamnotdistributed11sohowmuchofaforestamdestroyedmaybeasimportantas12.13saysArielLugodirectoroftheInternationalInstituteofTropicalForestryinPuertoRico"Biologistswhopredicthigh14rates15theresiliencyofnature".Oneofthemainmusesofextinctionsisdeforestation.AccordingtotheConsultativeGrouponInternationalAgriculturalResearchwhatdestroystropicaltreesisnotcommerciallogging16"poorfarmerswhohavenoother17forfeedingtheirfamiliesthanslashingandburninga18offorest".Incountriesthatpracticemodern19agricultureforestsarein20danger.In1920U.S.forestscovered732millionacres.Todaytheycover737million. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.19
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SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.Inhis1979bookTheSinkingArkbiologistNormanMyersestimatedthat1ofmorethan100human-causedextinctionsoccureachdayandthatonemillionspecies2bythecentury’send.Yetthereislittleevidenceof3thatnumberofextinctions.Forexampleonlysevenspeciesonthe4specieslisthavebecomeextinct5thelistwascreatedin1973.Bio6isanimportantvalueaccordingtomanyscientists.Neverthelessthesupposedmassextinctionratesbandiedaboutare7bymultiplying8byimprobablestogetimponderables.Manyestimatesforinstancerelyagreatdealona"species-area9"whichpredictsthattwiceasmanyspecieswillbefoundon100squaremiles10ontensquaremiles.Theproblemisthatspeciesamnotdistributed11sohowmuchofaforestamdestroyedmaybeasimportantas12.13saysArielLugodirectoroftheInternationalInstituteofTropicalForestryinPuertoRico"Biologistswhopredicthigh14rates15theresiliencyofnature".Oneofthemainmusesofextinctionsisdeforestation.AccordingtotheConsultativeGrouponInternationalAgriculturalResearchwhatdestroystropicaltreesisnotcommerciallogging16"poorfarmerswhohavenoother17forfeedingtheirfamiliesthanslashingandburninga18offorest".Incountriesthatpracticemodern19agricultureforestsarein20danger.In1920U.S.forestscovered732millionacres.Todaytheycover737million. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.17
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.Inhis1979bookTheSinkingArkbiologistNormanMyersestimatedthat1ofmorethan100human-causedextinctionsoccureachdayandthatonemillionspecies2bythecentury’send.Yetthereislittleevidenceof3thatnumberofextinctions.Forexampleonlysevenspeciesonthe4specieslisthavebecomeextinct5thelistwascreatedin1973.Bio6isanimportantvalueaccordingtomanyscientists.Neverthelessthesupposedmassextinctionratesbandiedaboutare7bymultiplying8byimprobablestogetimponderables.Manyestimatesforinstancerelyagreatdealona"species-area9"whichpredictsthattwiceasmanyspecieswillbefoundon100squaremiles10ontensquaremiles.Theproblemisthatspeciesamnotdistributed11sohowmuchofaforestamdestroyedmaybeasimportantas12.13saysArielLugodirectoroftheInternationalInstituteofTropicalForestryinPuertoRico"Biologistswhopredicthigh14rates15theresiliencyofnature".Oneofthemainmusesofextinctionsisdeforestation.AccordingtotheConsultativeGrouponInternationalAgriculturalResearchwhatdestroystropicaltreesisnotcommerciallogging16"poorfarmerswhohavenoother17forfeedingtheirfamiliesthanslashingandburninga18offorest".Incountriesthatpracticemodern19agricultureforestsarein20danger.In1920U.S.forestscovered732millionacres.Todaytheycover737million. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.13
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.Inhis1979bookTheSinkingArkbiologistNormanMyersestimatedthat1ofmorethan100human-causedextinctionsoccureachdayandthatonemillionspecies2bythecentury’send.Yetthereislittleevidenceof3thatnumberofextinctions.Forexampleonlysevenspeciesonthe4specieslisthavebecomeextinct5thelistwascreatedin1973.Bio6isanimportantvalueaccordingtomanyscientists.Neverthelessthesupposedmassextinctionratesbandiedaboutare7bymultiplying8byimprobablestogetimponderables.Manyestimatesforinstancerelyagreatdealona"species-area9"whichpredictsthattwiceasmanyspecieswillbefoundon100squaremiles10ontensquaremiles.Theproblemisthatspeciesamnotdistributed11sohowmuchofaforestamdestroyedmaybeasimportantas12.13saysArielLugodirectoroftheInternationalInstituteofTropicalForestryinPuertoRico"Biologistswhopredicthigh14rates15theresiliencyofnature".Oneofthemainmusesofextinctionsisdeforestation.AccordingtotheConsultativeGrouponInternationalAgriculturalResearchwhatdestroystropicaltreesisnotcommerciallogging16"poorfarmerswhohavenoother17forfeedingtheirfamiliesthanslashingandburninga18offorest".Incountriesthatpracticemodern19agricultureforestsarein20danger.In1920U.S.forestscovered732millionacres.Todaytheycover737million. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.15
PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.Toavoidthevariousfoolishopinionstowhichmanisliablenosuperhumangeniusisrequired.Afewsimpleruleswillkeepyounotfromallerrorbutfromsillyerror.ifthematterisonethatcanbeserriedbyobservationmaketheobservationyourself.46AristotlecouldhaveavoidedthemistakeofthinkingthatwomenhavefewerteeththanmenbythesimpledeviceofaskingMrs.Aristotletokeephermouthopenwhilehecounted.Hedidnotdosobecausehethoughtheknew.Thinkingthatyouknowwheninfactyoudon’tisafatalmistaketowhichweareallliable.Manymattershoweverarelesseasilybroughttothetestofexperience.47Iflikemostofmankindyouhavestrongconvictionsonmanysuchmatterstherearewaysinwhichyoucanmakeyourselfawareofyourownprejudice.Ifanopinioncontrarytoyourownmakesyouangrythatisasignthatyousubconsciouslyareawareofhavingnogoodreasonforthinkingasyoudo.IfsomeonemaintainsthattwoandtwoarefiveorthatIcelandisontheequatoryoufeelpityratherthanangerunlessyouknowlittleofarithmeticorgeographythathisopinionshakesyourowncontraryconviction.48Themostsavagecontroversiesarethoseaboutmattersastowhichthereisnogoodevidenceeitherway.Sowheneveryoufindyourselfgettingangryaboutadifferenceofopinionbeonyourguard;youwillprobablyfindonexaminationthatyourbeliefisgoingbeyondwhattheevidencejustifies.Forthosewhohaveenoughpsychologicalimaginationitisagoodplantoimagineanargumentwithapersonhavingadifferentopinion.49Thishasoneadvantageandonlyoneascomparedwithactualconversationwithopponents;thisoneadvantage’is’thatthemethodisnotsubjecttothesamelimitationsoftimeandspace.MahatmaGandhiconsidereditunfortunatetohaverailwaysandsteamboatsandmachinery;hewouldhavelikedtoundothewholeoftheindustrialrevolution.YoumayneverhaveanopportunityofactuallymeetinganyonewhoholdsthisopinionbecauseinWesterncountriesmostpeopletaketheadvantageofmoderntechnologyforgranted.50ButifyouwanttomakesurethatyouarerightinagreeingwiththeprevailingopinionyouwillfinditagoodplantotesttheargumentsthatoccurtoyoubyconsideringwhatGandhimighthavesaidinrefutationofthem.Ihavesometimesbeenledactuallytochangemymindasaresultofthiskindofimaginarydialogue.FurthermoreIhavefrequentlyfoundmyselfgrowing’moreagreeablethroughrealizingthepossiblereasonablenessofahypotheticalopponent. Thishasoneadvantageandonlyoneascomparedwithactualconversationwithopponents;thisoneadvantage’is’thatthemethodisnotsubjecttothesamelimitationsoftimeandspace
Text3Withoutanoversizedcalendartackedtotheirkitchenwall-FernReissandherfamilycouldneverkeeptrackofallthemeetingsappointmentshome-schoolinglessonsandactivitiesthatfilltheirbusydays."I’mnotsuretheymakeacalendarlargeenoughforus"saysMs.ReissofNewtonMass.explainingthatherliferevolvesaround"twocompaniesthreechildrenaspousealotofcommunityinvolvementasociallifelthekids’sociallifeandvolunteeringinasoupkitcheneveryweek.""Everybodyweknowisleadingafreneticlife"sheadds.’"Oursisfrenetictoobutwe’respendingthebulkofourtimewithourkids.Eventhoughwe’rehavingacrazylifewe’rehavingitintherightway.Althoughextremebusynessishardlyanewphenomenonthesubjectisgettingrenewedattentionfromresearchers."Agoodlifehastodowithlifehavingadirectionlifehavinganarrativewiththestorieswetellourselves"ChuckDarrahananthropologistsays."Busynessfragmentsallthat.We’reabsolutelyfocusedongettingthroughthenexthourthenextdaythenextweek.Itdoesraisequestions:IfnotbusynesswhatIfweweren’tsobusywhatwouldwebedoingIfpeopleweren’tsobusywouldtheybeapoetapainter"FortheReissespartoflivingagoodlifehoweverbusymeansincludingthecouple’schildreninvolunteerworkandcommunityactivities."Wewantthekidstoseethatthat’sapriority"shesays.Betweenworkingfulltimeasapublicistcaringforherhomespendingtimewithherhusbandandextendedfamilyandhelpinghergrandmotherthreetimesaweekawomansays"Iamexhaustedallthetime."Likeotherssheconcedesthatshesets"somewhatunrealisticexpectations"forwhatshecanaccomplishinaday.BeingrealisticisagoalDarrahencouragessaying"Wecandoeverythingbutwecan’tdoeverythingwellandatthesametime."Hecautionsthatbusynesscanresultin"poordecisionssloppyqualityandneglectofthethingsandpeoplethatmattermostinthelongrun."Headvises:"Stoptakingonsomuchandkeepinperspectivewhat’smostimportanttoyou."Darrah’sownscheduleremainsfullbutheinsistshedoesnotfeelbusy.HissecretConfiningactivitiestothingshemustdoandthosehewantstodo.Heandhiswifedonotoverscheduletheirchildren.TothosewithoneeyeonthecalendarandtheotherontheclockDarrahoffersthisadvice:"Beforeyoutakeanythingonaskyourself:DoyouhavetodothisDoyouwanttodothisLivewithakindofmindfulnesssoyoudon’twakeupanddiscoverthatyourlifeisawhirloftransportationandcommunicationandyou’vehollowedyourselfout." WhatdoestheauthormeanbysayingIfpeopleweren'tsobusywouldtheybeapoetapainter
Text2Thiselectionyearthedebateovercloningtechnologyhasbecomeacircus—andhardlyanybodyhasnoticedthegorillahidinginthetent.EvenwhilePresidentBushhasendorsedthrowingscientistsinjailtostop"recklessexperiments"it’sjustpossibletheFirstAmendmentwillprotectresearcherswhowanttoperformcloningresearch.Dr.LeonKassthechairmanofthePresident’sCouncilonBioethicswouldliketokeepthatasecret."Idon’twanttoencouragesuchthinking"hesaid.ButthenotionthattheFirstAmendmentcreatesa"righttoresearch"hasbeenaroundforalongtimeandKassknowsit.In1977foureminentlegalscholars—ThomasEmersonJeromeBartonWalterBernsandHaroldP.Green—wereaskedtotestifybeforetheHouseSubcommitteeonScienceTechnologyandSpace.AtthetimetherewasalarminthecountryoverrecombinantDNA.Somepeoplefearedclonesdesignerbabiesaplagueofsuperbacteria.Thecommitteewantedtoknowifthefederalgovernmentshouldorcouldrestrictthescience."Certainlytheoverwhelmingtenorofthetestimonywasinfavorofprotectingit"BarronwhonowteachesatGeorgeWashingtonUniversityrecalls.Bernsaconservativepoliticalscientistwasforcedtoagree.Hedidn’tlikethisconclusionbemusehefearedtheconsequencesoftinkeringwithnaturebutevenafterconsultingwithKassbeforehistestimonyhetoldCongressthat"theFirstAmendmentprotectedthiskindofresearch."Todayhebelievesitprotectscloningexperimentsaswell.Law-reviewarticleswrittenatthetimesupportedBernsandsowouldareportissuedbyCongress’sOfficeofTechnologyAssessmentO.T.A..Butthecourtsnevergotthechancetofacethefight-to-researchissuesquarely.AnoversightbodycalledtheRecombinantDNAAdvisoryCommitteeformedbytheNationalInstitutesofHealthessentiallyallowedsciencetopoliceitself.Sothediscussionwassubmerged.Untilnow.Whylegalscholarswoulddefendtherighttoresearchishardlymysterious.ThefoundingfatherspassionatelydefendedscientificandacademicfreedomandtheSupremeCourthastraditionallyhadahighregardforit.ButwhywouldtherighttoreadwriteandspeakasyoupleaseextendtotherighttoexperimentinthelabNeoconservativeslikeKasshaveemphasizedtheneedtomaintainafixedconceptionofhumannature.ButtheO.T.A.directlyaddressedthisina1981report."Eveniftherationale..wereexpandedtoincludesituationswhereknowledgethreatensfundamentalculturalvaluesaboutthenatureofmancontrolofresearchforsuchareasonprobablywouldnotbeconstitutionallypermissible."Thegovernmentcanrestrictspeechifitcanprovea"compellinginterest"likepublicsafetyornationalsecurity.Butcourtshavesetthatbarveryhigh.Unlikesayanexperimentthatreleasessmallpoxintothewindtostudyhowitspreadswhichcouldbebannedembryoresearchpresentsnoreadilyapparentdangertopublichealthorsecurity.Andifthat’sthecasescientistswhowishtocreatestemcellsbycloningmighthaveanewsourceofsuccor:theU.S.Constitution. TheviewsofKassandO.T.A.oncloningresearchare
SectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.Text1Americansarenowflyingthecrowdedcrankyskies.FlightdelaysinJanuaryweretheworstforthatmonthsince1999.Weatherisalwaystheprimarycauseofdelays.AddtothattheUSAirwaysChristmasbaggagemeltdownandComair’scomputerfailurethecombinationofwhichlefthundredsofthousandsoffliersstrandedatairports.Butairlineemployeesseeadeeperreasonforboththeincreaseindelaysandpassengercomplaints:ademoralizedandfrustratedworkforcethat’sbeingaskedtodomoreevenasit’sgettingpaidless.Theairlinesandunionsarequicktopraisetheirworkersforrisingtothechallengeduringtheseverydifficulttimesaswellasforcarryingthebruntofthecostcutting.Butuneaseisgrowingwithintheranks.Andpassengershavenoticed.Forinstancesomeoftheso-calledoldercarriersnowrequiregateagentstocleantheplanesaswellascheckpeoplein.Sosomepassengershavefoundthemselveswithoutacustomer-serviceagenttotalktountiljustbeforetheplaneleaves.Pilotsfindthemselvesstuckatthegatebecausetheircrewof.flightattendantshasalreadyworkedaslongastheFAAwouldallowthemto."They’vecutemployeestosuchadegreethattheydon’thaveenoughemployeestodothejobandservethecustomersproperly"saysonepilot.Themajorairlinescontendthat’snotthecaseatall.JeffGreenaspokesmanforUnitedAirlinessaysthemajorcarriershaveshrunksignificantlysince9/11.Whiletherearefarfeweremployeestheairlinealsohasfarfewerflights.HealsonotesthatUnitedhashaditsbeston-timeperformanceinthepasttwoyearsandthatfraternalgaugesofcustomersatisfactionareup."Whatouremployeesaregoingthroughisnothavinganeffectonourcustomerservice"saysMr.Green.Employeesonthefrontlinetelladifferentstory."They’rejustclosingthedoorsandreleasingthebrakesotheycanreportanontimedeparturewheninrealitytheymaystillbeloadingcargofor30minutes."Aviationexpertscontendthatifthat’sthecasethemajorairlinesmayfindevenmorechallengesahead.Astheirfarestructuresandpricescomeclosertothoseofthesuccessfullow-costcarrierscustomerservicewillbecomeevenmorecrucialindeterminingwhichairlinessucceed."Thewayyou’retreatedontheplanespeaksalotastowhetheryou’llflythatairlineagain"saysHelaneBecketanairlineanalyst."It’snotthebe-allandend-all.It’snotgoingtoputanairlineoutofbusiness.Butit’snotgoingtohelpitaloteitherifthey’realreadyintrouble." IntheeyesofGreenUnitedAirlines
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Text3Withoutanoversizedcalendartackedtotheirkitchenwall-FernReissandherfamilycouldneverkeeptrackofallthemeetingsappointmentshome-schoolinglessonsandactivitiesthatfilltheirbusydays."I’mnotsuretheymakeacalendarlargeenoughforus"saysMs.ReissofNewtonMass.explainingthatherliferevolvesaround"twocompaniesthreechildrenaspousealotofcommunityinvolvementasociallifelthekids’sociallifeandvolunteeringinasoupkitcheneveryweek.""Everybodyweknowisleadingafreneticlife"sheadds.’"Oursisfrenetictoobutwe’respendingthebulkofourtimewithourkids.Eventhoughwe’rehavingacrazylifewe’rehavingitintherightway.Althoughextremebusynessishardlyanewphenomenonthesubjectisgettingrenewedattentionfromresearchers."Agoodlifehastodowithlifehavingadirectionlifehavinganarrativewiththestorieswetellourselves"ChuckDarrahananthropologistsays."Busynessfragmentsallthat.We’reabsolutelyfocusedongettingthroughthenexthourthenextdaythenextweek.Itdoesraisequestions:IfnotbusynesswhatIfweweren’tsobusywhatwouldwebedoingIfpeopleweren’tsobusywouldtheybeapoetapainter"FortheReissespartoflivingagoodlifehoweverbusymeansincludingthecouple’schildreninvolunteerworkandcommunityactivities."Wewantthekidstoseethatthat’sapriority"shesays.Betweenworkingfulltimeasapublicistcaringforherhomespendingtimewithherhusbandandextendedfamilyandhelpinghergrandmotherthreetimesaweekawomansays"Iamexhaustedallthetime."Likeotherssheconcedesthatshesets"somewhatunrealisticexpectations"forwhatshecanaccomplishinaday.BeingrealisticisagoalDarrahencouragessaying"Wecandoeverythingbutwecan’tdoeverythingwellandatthesametime."Hecautionsthatbusynesscanresultin"poordecisionssloppyqualityandneglectofthethingsandpeoplethatmattermostinthelongrun."Headvises:"Stoptakingonsomuchandkeepinperspectivewhat’smostimportanttoyou."Darrah’sownscheduleremainsfullbutheinsistshedoesnotfeelbusy.HissecretConfiningactivitiestothingshemustdoandthosehewantstodo.Heandhiswifedonotoverscheduletheirchildren.TothosewithoneeyeonthecalendarandtheotherontheclockDarrahoffersthisadvice:"Beforeyoutakeanythingonaskyourself:DoyouhavetodothisDoyouwanttodothisLivewithakindofmindfulnesssoyoudon’twakeupanddiscoverthatyourlifeisawhirloftransportationandcommunicationandyou’vehollowedyourselfout." AsfortheirchildrenparentsaresupposedbyDarrahto
哈罗德的分析之所以是一种动态的分析是因为他
SectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.Text1Americansarenowflyingthecrowdedcrankyskies.FlightdelaysinJanuaryweretheworstforthatmonthsince1999.Weatherisalwaystheprimarycauseofdelays.AddtothattheUSAirwaysChristmasbaggagemeltdownandComair’scomputerfailurethecombinationofwhichlefthundredsofthousandsoffliersstrandedatairports.Butairlineemployeesseeadeeperreasonforboththeincreaseindelaysandpassengercomplaints:ademoralizedandfrustratedworkforcethat’sbeingaskedtodomoreevenasit’sgettingpaidless.Theairlinesandunionsarequicktopraisetheirworkersforrisingtothechallengeduringtheseverydifficulttimesaswellasforcarryingthebruntofthecostcutting.Butuneaseisgrowingwithintheranks.Andpassengershavenoticed.Forinstancesomeoftheso-calledoldercarriersnowrequiregateagentstocleantheplanesaswellascheckpeoplein.Sosomepassengershavefoundthemselveswithoutacustomer-serviceagenttotalktountiljustbeforetheplaneleaves.Pilotsfindthemselvesstuckatthegatebecausetheircrewof.flightattendantshasalreadyworkedaslongastheFAAwouldallowthemto."They’vecutemployeestosuchadegreethattheydon’thaveenoughemployeestodothejobandservethecustomersproperly"saysonepilot.Themajorairlinescontendthat’snotthecaseatall.JeffGreenaspokesmanforUnitedAirlinessaysthemajorcarriershaveshrunksignificantlysince9/11.Whiletherearefarfeweremployeestheairlinealsohasfarfewerflights.HealsonotesthatUnitedhashaditsbeston-timeperformanceinthepasttwoyearsandthatfraternalgaugesofcustomersatisfactionareup."Whatouremployeesaregoingthroughisnothavinganeffectonourcustomerservice"saysMr.Green.Employeesonthefrontlinetelladifferentstory."They’rejustclosingthedoorsandreleasingthebrakesotheycanreportanontimedeparturewheninrealitytheymaystillbeloadingcargofor30minutes."Aviationexpertscontendthatifthat’sthecasethemajorairlinesmayfindevenmorechallengesahead.Astheirfarestructuresandpricescomeclosertothoseofthesuccessfullow-costcarrierscustomerservicewillbecomeevenmorecrucialindeterminingwhichairlinessucceed."Thewayyou’retreatedontheplanespeaksalotastowhetheryou’llflythatairlineagain"saysHelaneBecketanairlineanalyst."It’snotthebe-allandend-all.It’snotgoingtoputanairlineoutofbusiness.Butit’snotgoingtohelpitaloteitherifthey’realreadyintrouble." Theexamplementionedinparagraph3showsthat
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公共部门的产出
Text3Withoutanoversizedcalendartackedtotheirkitchenwall-FernReissandherfamilycouldneverkeeptrackofallthemeetingsappointmentshome-schoolinglessonsandactivitiesthatfilltheirbusydays."I’mnotsuretheymakeacalendarlargeenoughforus"saysMs.ReissofNewtonMass.explainingthatherliferevolvesaround"twocompaniesthreechildrenaspousealotofcommunityinvolvementasociallifelthekids’sociallifeandvolunteeringinasoupkitcheneveryweek.""Everybodyweknowisleadingafreneticlife"sheadds.’"Oursisfrenetictoobutwe’respendingthebulkofourtimewithourkids.Eventhoughwe’rehavingacrazylifewe’rehavingitintherightway.Althoughextremebusynessishardlyanewphenomenonthesubjectisgettingrenewedattentionfromresearchers."Agoodlifehastodowithlifehavingadirectionlifehavinganarrativewiththestorieswetellourselves"ChuckDarrahananthropologistsays."Busynessfragmentsallthat.We’reabsolutelyfocusedongettingthroughthenexthourthenextdaythenextweek.Itdoesraisequestions:IfnotbusynesswhatIfweweren’tsobusywhatwouldwebedoingIfpeopleweren’tsobusywouldtheybeapoetapainter"FortheReissespartoflivingagoodlifehoweverbusymeansincludingthecouple’schildreninvolunteerworkandcommunityactivities."Wewantthekidstoseethatthat’sapriority"shesays.Betweenworkingfulltimeasapublicistcaringforherhomespendingtimewithherhusbandandextendedfamilyandhelpinghergrandmotherthreetimesaweekawomansays"Iamexhaustedallthetime."Likeotherssheconcedesthatshesets"somewhatunrealisticexpectations"forwhatshecanaccomplishinaday.BeingrealisticisagoalDarrahencouragessaying"Wecandoeverythingbutwecan’tdoeverythingwellandatthesametime."Hecautionsthatbusynesscanresultin"poordecisionssloppyqualityandneglectofthethingsandpeoplethatmattermostinthelongrun."Headvises:"Stoptakingonsomuchandkeepinperspectivewhat’smostimportanttoyou."Darrah’sownscheduleremainsfullbutheinsistshedoesnotfeelbusy.HissecretConfiningactivitiestothingshemustdoandthosehewantstodo.Heandhiswifedonotoverscheduletheirchildren.TothosewithoneeyeonthecalendarandtheotherontheclockDarrahoffersthisadvice:"Beforeyoutakeanythingonaskyourself:DoyouhavetodothisDoyouwanttodothisLivewithakindofmindfulnesssoyoudon’twakeupanddiscoverthatyourlifeisawhirloftransportationandcommunicationandyou’vehollowedyourselfout." Theexampleofthepublicistisusedtoshowmostpeople's
Text2Thiselectionyearthedebateovercloningtechnologyhasbecomeacircus—andhardlyanybodyhasnoticedthegorillahidinginthetent.EvenwhilePresidentBushhasendorsedthrowingscientistsinjailtostop"recklessexperiments"it’sjustpossibletheFirstAmendmentwillprotectresearcherswhowanttoperformcloningresearch.Dr.LeonKassthechairmanofthePresident’sCouncilonBioethicswouldliketokeepthatasecret."Idon’twanttoencouragesuchthinking"hesaid.ButthenotionthattheFirstAmendmentcreatesa"righttoresearch"hasbeenaroundforalongtimeandKassknowsit.In1977foureminentlegalscholars—ThomasEmersonJeromeBartonWalterBernsandHaroldP.Green—wereaskedtotestifybeforetheHouseSubcommitteeonScienceTechnologyandSpace.AtthetimetherewasalarminthecountryoverrecombinantDNA.Somepeoplefearedclonesdesignerbabiesaplagueofsuperbacteria.Thecommitteewantedtoknowifthefederalgovernmentshouldorcouldrestrictthescience."Certainlytheoverwhelmingtenorofthetestimonywasinfavorofprotectingit"BarronwhonowteachesatGeorgeWashingtonUniversityrecalls.Bernsaconservativepoliticalscientistwasforcedtoagree.Hedidn’tlikethisconclusionbemusehefearedtheconsequencesoftinkeringwithnaturebutevenafterconsultingwithKassbeforehistestimonyhetoldCongressthat"theFirstAmendmentprotectedthiskindofresearch."Todayhebelievesitprotectscloningexperimentsaswell.Law-reviewarticleswrittenatthetimesupportedBernsandsowouldareportissuedbyCongress’sOfficeofTechnologyAssessmentO.T.A..Butthecourtsnevergotthechancetofacethefight-to-researchissuesquarely.AnoversightbodycalledtheRecombinantDNAAdvisoryCommitteeformedbytheNationalInstitutesofHealthessentiallyallowedsciencetopoliceitself.Sothediscussionwassubmerged.Untilnow.Whylegalscholarswoulddefendtherighttoresearchishardlymysterious.ThefoundingfatherspassionatelydefendedscientificandacademicfreedomandtheSupremeCourthastraditionallyhadahighregardforit.ButwhywouldtherighttoreadwriteandspeakasyoupleaseextendtotherighttoexperimentinthelabNeoconservativeslikeKasshaveemphasizedtheneedtomaintainafixedconceptionofhumannature.ButtheO.T.A.directlyaddressedthisina1981report."Eveniftherationale..wereexpandedtoincludesituationswhereknowledgethreatensfundamentalculturalvaluesaboutthenatureofmancontrolofresearchforsuchareasonprobablywouldnotbeconstitutionallypermissible."Thegovernmentcanrestrictspeechifitcanprovea"compellinginterest"likepublicsafetyornationalsecurity.Butcourtshavesetthatbarveryhigh.Unlikesayanexperimentthatreleasessmallpoxintothewindtostudyhowitspreadswhichcouldbebannedembryoresearchpresentsnoreadilyapparentdangertopublichealthorsecurity.Andifthat’sthecasescientistswhowishtocreatestemcellsbycloningmighthaveanewsourceofsuccor:theU.S.Constitution. TheworditLine8Para.2mostprobablyrefersto
实现货币自由兑换的条件中不包括下列哪一项
下表列举的是银行报出的GBP/USD的即期与远期汇率
PartBDirections:Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.ForQuestions41—45youarerequiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherentarticlebychoosingfromthelistA—Gtofillineachnumberedbox.ThefirstandthelastparagraphshavebeenplacedforyouinBoxes.MarkyouranswersonAN-SWERSHEET1. [A]Althoughitdoesnotlookappealinginrealitythesepeoplehavegoodlives.Theirjobsdonotpayafortunebuttheylovethemandtheirlivesarestress-free.Andnoonewouldguessthattheymakesolittlebecausetheylivemuchbetterthanmanyoftheirfriendswhomakealotmore.Soifyouwantmoremoneyyouhavetocountyourpennies;thereisnootherwaythantospendwisely. [B]Whenitcomestomoneymanagementyouneedtothinklongterm.Moneymanagement’isnotonlyhowyoumanageyourmoneyrightnow;itishowyouwillmakesureyourincomeandwealthwillincreaseovertime.InordertomakemoremoneymostAmericanstaketheeasiestroute:getasecondjob.Thisiseasy;itwillgivemoremoneyimmediatelybutitmaycomeataveryhighcost. [C]LookatthecaseofMelissaandherhusband.Theyownanicehomebeautifullydecoratedinaniceneighborhoodtheyhaveregularcarsingoodconditionthoughwithmorethan100Kmilesoneachcartheydresswellandtraveltoexoticdestinationsonceayear.HowdotheydoitTheylivewisely.Theydonotbuyanewcarjustbecausepeoplesaythatafter100Kmilesacarisgoodfornothing.Theircarslookgoodandrunwellbecausetheytakecareofthem.Theyarenotplanningonbuyinganewcaranytimesoon.Thisisahugeexpensethattheydonotwanttotake;theyowntheircarsrightnowandtheydonotwantadditionaldebt. [D]Ifyouhavechildrenitmaycomeatthecostofprecioustimewiththemoryourfamily.Ifyouaresingleandhavenochildrenitmaycostyoupeaceandtimeforrelaxation.Butbeyondthatitmaycostyoulongterm:notbeingabletopursuebiggerdreams. [E]Youcansavemoneyinmanywaysincludingbuyinglessorbuyingcheaperorevenbuyingsmarter.Peoplewhoseemtohavemoneyforeverythingandstilldonotcarrycreditcarddebtshouldbeadmired. [F]Moneyandcareerwiseyouhavetobesmartandnottaketheshortestpathbutthebesthighvaluepath.Besidewhatyoudoforalivingthemoneyyousavehastobeinvestedwellsothatyouhavegoodreturns.Oneofthebestinvestmentsyoucanhaveisahomeunlessyouneedtorentsinceyouwillbeinaspecificlocationonlyforaveryshorttime.Topayrentistoliterallyputmoneydownthedrain.Thehomeyoubuyhastobesuchthatyoucanmakeprofitinafewyearssothatyoucanbuyabiggerhomeorasimilarhomeandsavetherest. [G]Inotherwordsifyoudevoteyourtimetolearnanewskillorstartyourownbusinessthiswillnotgiveyoumoneyimmediatelybutinthelongtermitwillgivemoremoneyandpersonalsatisfactionthanastupidsecondjob.Order: 45
准经济租金是指
Directions: Youfellillandneededanoperation.ThedoctorsofTallOaksHospitalcarriedoutanoperationonyou.Writeraletterofthanksincludingthefollowingdetails: 1Describingthemoodbeforeoperation; 2AcknowledgingthestuffoftheTallOaksHospital; Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use"LiMing"instead.Youdonotneedtowritetheaddress.
PartBDirections:Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.ForQuestions41—45youarerequiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherentarticlebychoosingfromthelistA—Gtofillineachnumberedbox.ThefirstandthelastparagraphshavebeenplacedforyouinBoxes.MarkyouranswersonAN-SWERSHEET1. [A]Althoughitdoesnotlookappealinginrealitythesepeoplehavegoodlives.Theirjobsdonotpayafortunebuttheylovethemandtheirlivesarestress-free.Andnoonewouldguessthattheymakesolittlebecausetheylivemuchbetterthanmanyoftheirfriendswhomakealotmore.Soifyouwantmoremoneyyouhavetocountyourpennies;thereisnootherwaythantospendwisely. [B]Whenitcomestomoneymanagementyouneedtothinklongterm.Moneymanagement’isnotonlyhowyoumanageyourmoneyrightnow;itishowyouwillmakesureyourincomeandwealthwillincreaseovertime.InordertomakemoremoneymostAmericanstaketheeasiestroute:getasecondjob.Thisiseasy;itwillgivemoremoneyimmediatelybutitmaycomeataveryhighcost. [C]LookatthecaseofMelissaandherhusband.Theyownanicehomebeautifullydecoratedinaniceneighborhoodtheyhaveregularcarsingoodconditionthoughwithmorethan100Kmilesoneachcartheydresswellandtraveltoexoticdestinationsonceayear.HowdotheydoitTheylivewisely.Theydonotbuyanewcarjustbecausepeoplesaythatafter100Kmilesacarisgoodfornothing.Theircarslookgoodandrunwellbecausetheytakecareofthem.Theyarenotplanningonbuyinganewcaranytimesoon.Thisisahugeexpensethattheydonotwanttotake;theyowntheircarsrightnowandtheydonotwantadditionaldebt. [D]Ifyouhavechildrenitmaycomeatthecostofprecioustimewiththemoryourfamily.Ifyouaresingleandhavenochildrenitmaycostyoupeaceandtimeforrelaxation.Butbeyondthatitmaycostyoulongterm:notbeingabletopursuebiggerdreams. [E]Youcansavemoneyinmanywaysincludingbuyinglessorbuyingcheaperorevenbuyingsmarter.Peoplewhoseemtohavemoneyforeverythingandstilldonotcarrycreditcarddebtshouldbeadmired. [F]Moneyandcareerwiseyouhavetobesmartandnottaketheshortestpathbutthebesthighvaluepath.Besidewhatyoudoforalivingthemoneyyousavehastobeinvestedwellsothatyouhavegoodreturns.Oneofthebestinvestmentsyoucanhaveisahomeunlessyouneedtorentsinceyouwillbeinaspecificlocationonlyforaveryshorttime.Topayrentistoliterallyputmoneydownthedrain.Thehomeyoubuyhastobesuchthatyoucanmakeprofitinafewyearssothatyoucanbuyabiggerhomeorasimilarhomeandsavetherest. [G]Inotherwordsifyoudevoteyourtimetolearnanewskillorstartyourownbusinessthiswillnotgiveyoumoneyimmediatelybutinthelongtermitwillgivemoremoneyandpersonalsatisfactionthanastupidsecondjob.Order: 41
Text4Whatislesswellunderstoodbythegeneralpublicisthattherehavebeenanumberoftrendswhichhavefurthercontributedtothediminishmentofexcavationasanactivity.AsBahnputsit"therehavebeentwomajortrendsovertime:firstexcavationhasbecomefarslowerandmorepainstaking....Theworkisincrediblymeticulous...Secondlywecanlearnfarmorefromwhatwehave."Theconclusionstobedrawnfromthiswouldappeartobecontradictory.AstechnologyimprovesweareabletoundertakeawidevarietyofanalysisfrommicroscopicradiocarbondatingorevenDNAsamples.Theabilitytodeterminemorefromfewersamplesagainsuggeststhatlessexcavationisrequired.Moreovermoreoftenthannotthebalanceofeffortnowrestswiththespecialistanalyserssuchaspollenexpertsanddatinganalysisratherthantheexcavators.Soagainsomeoftherequirementsforextensiveexcavationhavediminishedthroughtheadvancementofotheranalyticaltechniquesandnotjustsurfacesurveytechniques.FurthermoreArchaeologyitselfhaschangedinanumberofways.Nolongeristheemphasissimplyupontheacquisitionofmaterialcultureorartefacts.Inmanycaseswehaveareasonableunderstandingofthesurvivingmaterialculture.IndeedinEgyptandItalyitemsarerebuffedinthegroundsimplybecausethemuseumsaretoofulltheftmayberipepreservationdifficultanddocumentationslow.TheemergenceofprocessualarchaeologyunderBinfordandothersagainmovedarchaeologytowardsbroaderconceptsofexplanationprocessdeductionhypothesistestingquestionsettingandresponse.Answeringquestionsabouttheorganisationofsocietiestheenvironmentandtheirlifehaveamuchgreaterimportancetoday.Andansweringthesehowandwhyquestionsimpliesamuchbroaderscopeofwork.Excavationalonecannotanswerallthesequestions.Archaeologyneedsastructuredresearchprocess.ThisprocedureisdescribedbyRenfrewandBahnasresearchdesign.Researchdesignhasfourcomponentsnamely:formulationthecollectionandrecordingprocessingandanalysisandpublication.Forexamplemoredetailedworkintheformulationpartcanfocuslinesofenquiryintoaspecificareaandtherebyagainreducetheamountofexcavationrequired.AsthequestionscurrentlyposedbyArchaeologiststendtobemore’strategic’thefocusofthefieldworkisalsoofastrategicnature.Overalllandscapescontexttradingpatternsandsystemsaremoreimportantthanindividualsites.Assuchthisrequiresdifferenttechniques.ASGreenestates"fieldworktodayisrarelydirectedatasinglesite.Itusuallyformspartofacomprehensivestudyofanarea."Hecontinues"studiesaredesignedtoelucidatethebroadagriculturaleconomicandsocialdevelopments". Wecaninferfromthepassagethat
PartBDirections:Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.ForQuestions41—45youarerequiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherentarticlebychoosingfromthelistA—Gtofillineachnumberedbox.ThefirstandthelastparagraphshavebeenplacedforyouinBoxes.MarkyouranswersonAN-SWERSHEET1. [A]Althoughitdoesnotlookappealinginrealitythesepeoplehavegoodlives.Theirjobsdonotpayafortunebuttheylovethemandtheirlivesarestress-free.Andnoonewouldguessthattheymakesolittlebecausetheylivemuchbetterthanmanyoftheirfriendswhomakealotmore.Soifyouwantmoremoneyyouhavetocountyourpennies;thereisnootherwaythantospendwisely. [B]Whenitcomestomoneymanagementyouneedtothinklongterm.Moneymanagement’isnotonlyhowyoumanageyourmoneyrightnow;itishowyouwillmakesureyourincomeandwealthwillincreaseovertime.InordertomakemoremoneymostAmericanstaketheeasiestroute:getasecondjob.Thisiseasy;itwillgivemoremoneyimmediatelybutitmaycomeataveryhighcost. [C]LookatthecaseofMelissaandherhusband.Theyownanicehomebeautifullydecoratedinaniceneighborhoodtheyhaveregularcarsingoodconditionthoughwithmorethan100Kmilesoneachcartheydresswellandtraveltoexoticdestinationsonceayear.HowdotheydoitTheylivewisely.Theydonotbuyanewcarjustbecausepeoplesaythatafter100Kmilesacarisgoodfornothing.Theircarslookgoodandrunwellbecausetheytakecareofthem.Theyarenotplanningonbuyinganewcaranytimesoon.Thisisahugeexpensethattheydonotwanttotake;theyowntheircarsrightnowandtheydonotwantadditionaldebt. [D]Ifyouhavechildrenitmaycomeatthecostofprecioustimewiththemoryourfamily.Ifyouaresingleandhavenochildrenitmaycostyoupeaceandtimeforrelaxation.Butbeyondthatitmaycostyoulongterm:notbeingabletopursuebiggerdreams. [E]Youcansavemoneyinmanywaysincludingbuyinglessorbuyingcheaperorevenbuyingsmarter.Peoplewhoseemtohavemoneyforeverythingandstilldonotcarrycreditcarddebtshouldbeadmired. [F]Moneyandcareerwiseyouhavetobesmartandnottaketheshortestpathbutthebesthighvaluepath.Besidewhatyoudoforalivingthemoneyyousavehastobeinvestedwellsothatyouhavegoodreturns.Oneofthebestinvestmentsyoucanhaveisahomeunlessyouneedtorentsinceyouwillbeinaspecificlocationonlyforaveryshorttime.Topayrentistoliterallyputmoneydownthedrain.Thehomeyoubuyhastobesuchthatyoucanmakeprofitinafewyearssothatyoucanbuyabiggerhomeorasimilarhomeandsavetherest. [G]Inotherwordsifyoudevoteyourtimetolearnanewskillorstartyourownbusinessthiswillnotgiveyoumoneyimmediatelybutinthelongtermitwillgivemoremoneyandpersonalsatisfactionthanastupidsecondjob.Order: 43
SectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.Text1Americansarenowflyingthecrowdedcrankyskies.FlightdelaysinJanuaryweretheworstforthatmonthsince1999.Weatherisalwaystheprimarycauseofdelays.AddtothattheUSAirwaysChristmasbaggagemeltdownandComair’scomputerfailurethecombinationofwhichlefthundredsofthousandsoffliersstrandedatairports.Butairlineemployeesseeadeeperreasonforboththeincreaseindelaysandpassengercomplaints:ademoralizedandfrustratedworkforcethat’sbeingaskedtodomoreevenasit’sgettingpaidless.Theairlinesandunionsarequicktopraisetheirworkersforrisingtothechallengeduringtheseverydifficulttimesaswellasforcarryingthebruntofthecostcutting.Butuneaseisgrowingwithintheranks.Andpassengershavenoticed.Forinstancesomeoftheso-calledoldercarriersnowrequiregateagentstocleantheplanesaswellascheckpeoplein.Sosomepassengershavefoundthemselveswithoutacustomer-serviceagenttotalktountiljustbeforetheplaneleaves.Pilotsfindthemselvesstuckatthegatebecausetheircrewof.flightattendantshasalreadyworkedaslongastheFAAwouldallowthemto."They’vecutemployeestosuchadegreethattheydon’thaveenoughemployeestodothejobandservethecustomersproperly"saysonepilot.Themajorairlinescontendthat’snotthecaseatall.JeffGreenaspokesmanforUnitedAirlinessaysthemajorcarriershaveshrunksignificantlysince9/11.Whiletherearefarfeweremployeestheairlinealsohasfarfewerflights.HealsonotesthatUnitedhashaditsbeston-timeperformanceinthepasttwoyearsandthatfraternalgaugesofcustomersatisfactionareup."Whatouremployeesaregoingthroughisnothavinganeffectonourcustomerservice"saysMr.Green.Employeesonthefrontlinetelladifferentstory."They’rejustclosingthedoorsandreleasingthebrakesotheycanreportanontimedeparturewheninrealitytheymaystillbeloadingcargofor30minutes."Aviationexpertscontendthatifthat’sthecasethemajorairlinesmayfindevenmorechallengesahead.Astheirfarestructuresandpricescomeclosertothoseofthesuccessfullow-costcarrierscustomerservicewillbecomeevenmorecrucialindeterminingwhichairlinessucceed."Thewayyou’retreatedontheplanespeaksalotastowhetheryou’llflythatairlineagain"saysHelaneBecketanairlineanalyst."It’snotthebe-allandend-all.It’snotgoingtoputanairlineoutofbusiness.Butit’snotgoingtohelpitaloteitherifthey’realreadyintrouble." Aviationexpertsbelievethatthecustomerserviceofthemajorairlines
Text4Whatislesswellunderstoodbythegeneralpublicisthattherehavebeenanumberoftrendswhichhavefurthercontributedtothediminishmentofexcavationasanactivity.AsBahnputsit"therehavebeentwomajortrendsovertime:firstexcavationhasbecomefarslowerandmorepainstaking....Theworkisincrediblymeticulous...Secondlywecanlearnfarmorefromwhatwehave."Theconclusionstobedrawnfromthiswouldappeartobecontradictory.AstechnologyimprovesweareabletoundertakeawidevarietyofanalysisfrommicroscopicradiocarbondatingorevenDNAsamples.Theabilitytodeterminemorefromfewersamplesagainsuggeststhatlessexcavationisrequired.Moreovermoreoftenthannotthebalanceofeffortnowrestswiththespecialistanalyserssuchaspollenexpertsanddatinganalysisratherthantheexcavators.Soagainsomeoftherequirementsforextensiveexcavationhavediminishedthroughtheadvancementofotheranalyticaltechniquesandnotjustsurfacesurveytechniques.FurthermoreArchaeologyitselfhaschangedinanumberofways.Nolongeristheemphasissimplyupontheacquisitionofmaterialcultureorartefacts.Inmanycaseswehaveareasonableunderstandingofthesurvivingmaterialculture.IndeedinEgyptandItalyitemsarerebuffedinthegroundsimplybecausethemuseumsaretoofulltheftmayberipepreservationdifficultanddocumentationslow.TheemergenceofprocessualarchaeologyunderBinfordandothersagainmovedarchaeologytowardsbroaderconceptsofexplanationprocessdeductionhypothesistestingquestionsettingandresponse.Answeringquestionsabouttheorganisationofsocietiestheenvironmentandtheirlifehaveamuchgreaterimportancetoday.Andansweringthesehowandwhyquestionsimpliesamuchbroaderscopeofwork.Excavationalonecannotanswerallthesequestions.Archaeologyneedsastructuredresearchprocess.ThisprocedureisdescribedbyRenfrewandBahnasresearchdesign.Researchdesignhasfourcomponentsnamely:formulationthecollectionandrecordingprocessingandanalysisandpublication.Forexamplemoredetailedworkintheformulationpartcanfocuslinesofenquiryintoaspecificareaandtherebyagainreducetheamountofexcavationrequired.AsthequestionscurrentlyposedbyArchaeologiststendtobemore’strategic’thefocusofthefieldworkisalsoofastrategicnature.Overalllandscapescontexttradingpatternsandsystemsaremoreimportantthanindividualsites.Assuchthisrequiresdifferenttechniques.ASGreenestates"fieldworktodayisrarelydirectedatasinglesite.Itusuallyformspartofacomprehensivestudyofanarea."Hecontinues"studiesaredesignedtoelucidatethebroadagriculturaleconomicandsocialdevelopments". WhydoestheconclusiondramfromBahn'swordsseemcontradictory
如果一国处于国内失业国际收支有赤字的状况这时最适宜采用下列项宏观调节政策
PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.Toavoidthevariousfoolishopinionstowhichmanisliablenosuperhumangeniusisrequired.Afewsimpleruleswillkeepyounotfromallerrorbutfromsillyerror.ifthematterisonethatcanbeserriedbyobservationmaketheobservationyourself.46AristotlecouldhaveavoidedthemistakeofthinkingthatwomenhavefewerteeththanmenbythesimpledeviceofaskingMrs.Aristotletokeephermouthopenwhilehecounted.Hedidnotdosobecausehethoughtheknew.Thinkingthatyouknowwheninfactyoudon’tisafatalmistaketowhichweareallliable.Manymattershoweverarelesseasilybroughttothetestofexperience.47Iflikemostofmankindyouhavestrongconvictionsonmanysuchmatterstherearewaysinwhichyoucanmakeyourselfawareofyourownprejudice.Ifanopinioncontrarytoyourownmakesyouangrythatisasignthatyousubconsciouslyareawareofhavingnogoodreasonforthinkingasyoudo.IfsomeonemaintainsthattwoandtwoarefiveorthatIcelandisontheequatoryoufeelpityratherthanangerunlessyouknowlittleofarithmeticorgeographythathisopinionshakesyourowncontraryconviction.48Themostsavagecontroversiesarethoseaboutmattersastowhichthereisnogoodevidenceeitherway.Sowheneveryoufindyourselfgettingangryaboutadifferenceofopinionbeonyourguard;youwillprobablyfindonexaminationthatyourbeliefisgoingbeyondwhattheevidencejustifies.Forthosewhohaveenoughpsychologicalimaginationitisagoodplantoimagineanargumentwithapersonhavingadifferentopinion.49Thishasoneadvantageandonlyoneascomparedwithactualconversationwithopponents;thisoneadvantage’is’thatthemethodisnotsubjecttothesamelimitationsoftimeandspace.MahatmaGandhiconsidereditunfortunatetohaverailwaysandsteamboatsandmachinery;hewouldhavelikedtoundothewholeoftheindustrialrevolution.YoumayneverhaveanopportunityofactuallymeetinganyonewhoholdsthisopinionbecauseinWesterncountriesmostpeopletaketheadvantageofmoderntechnologyforgranted.50ButifyouwanttomakesurethatyouarerightinagreeingwiththeprevailingopinionyouwillfinditagoodplantotesttheargumentsthatoccurtoyoubyconsideringwhatGandhimighthavesaidinrefutationofthem.Ihavesometimesbeenledactuallytochangemymindasaresultofthiskindofimaginarydialogue.FurthermoreIhavefrequentlyfoundmyselfgrowing’moreagreeablethroughrealizingthepossiblereasonablenessofahypotheticalopponent. Iflikemostofmankindyouhavestrongconvictionsonmanysuchmatterstherearewaysinwhichyoucanmakeyourselfawareofyourownprejudice.Ifanopinioncontrarytoyourownmakesyouangrythatisasignthatyousubconsciouslyareawareofhavingnogoodreasonforthinkingasyoudo.
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