首页
试卷库
试题库
当前位置：
X题卡
>
所有题目
>
题目详情
A Frenchman, the psychologist Alfred Binet, published the first standardized test of human intell...
查看本题答案
包含此试题的试卷
国家统考科目《问答集》真题及答案
点击查看
你可能感兴趣的试题
LonglongagoaFrenchmantraveledtoasmallItaliantown.H
根据短文内容判断下列句子正T误FAFrenchmanwantstoeateggsinarestaur
________speak_________in________.
Frenchmen; France; French
Frenchmen; French; France
French; France; Frenchmen
Frenchman; French; French
TheFrenchmanspeaks______.
French as well as Chinese
Chinese as well as French language
Chinese as well as French
the French language as well as ChinesE.
Herparentsare_______.
English
America
Frenchman
two English
AFrenchmanwenttoasmallItaliantownandwasstayingwith
60.OfficiallytheFrenchmanisinchargebut__________hi
in need
in fact
for fact
for this reason
A.FrenchmanwenttoasmallItaliantown61stayedwithhisw
阅读短文根据短文内容从短文后的五个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项选项中有一项为多余选项AFrenc
Some___cametoourcityforavisityesterday.
Germans
Germen
Frenchman
American
ManyyearsagomygrandfatherBenjaminBrowntraveledonas
AFrenchmanwasoncetravelinginEnglanD.Hecouldnotspea
AFrenchmanwenttoasmallItaliantown71stayedwithhiswi
Frenchmenspeak____in____.
French, France
France, French
Franch, Frenchman
England, English
LonglongagoaFrenchmantraveledtoasmallItaliantown.H
DengLijunlovedaFrenchman.Themanwasaphotographer.Th
AnEnglishmanaFrenchmanandaRussianwerediscussinghap
AFrenchmanwenttoasmallItaliantownandwasstayingwith
OfficiallytheFrenchmanisinchargebut______hissecret
in need
in fact
for fact
for this reason
AFrenchmanwenttoasmallItaliantown36stayedwithhiswi
热门试题
更多
Ifyouleavealoadedweaponlyingarounditisboundtogooffsoonerorlater.Snow-coverednorthernEuropeheardthegunshotloudandclearwhenRussiacutsuppliestoUkrainethisweekaspartofarowaboutmoneyandpowerthetwoeternalbattlegroundsofglobalenergy.FromcentralEuroperightacrosstoFranceontheAtlanticseaboardgassuppliesfellbymorethanone-third.ForyearsEuropeanshadbeentellingthemselvesthatacold-warenemywhichhadsuppliedthemwithoutfailcouldstillbedependedonnowitwasanallyofsorts.Suddenlynobodywasquitesosure.FearingthethreattoitsreputationasasupplierRussiarapidlyrestoredthegasandsettleditsdifferenceswithUkraine.ButitwasanuncomfortableglimpseofthedangersforacontinentthatimportsroughlyhalfitsgasandthatGérardMestralletbossofSuezaFrenchwaterandpowercompanyexpectstobeimporting80%ofitsgasby2030--muchofitfromRussia.ItwasscarcelymorewelcomeforAmericawhichcondemnedRussia’stactics.Andnowonder:itconsumesone-quarteroftheworld’soilbutproducesonly3%ofthestuff.Overthecomingyearstheworld’sdependenceonoillookslikelytoconcentrateontheMiddleEastparticularlySaudiArabia.Russianoilhadseemedausefulalternative.Fearoftheenergyweaponhasalonghistory.Whenproducershadtheupperhandintheoilembargoof1973-74ArabmembersoftheOrganisationofthePetroleumExportingCountriesOPECcutsupplysowingturmoilandaglobalrecession.Whenconsumershadtheupperhandintheearly1990stheembargocuttheotherway.AfterSaddamHusseininvadedKuwaitin1990theworldshutin5mbarrelsadayb/dofproductionfromthetwocountriesinanattempttoforcehimout.Withoilcosting$60abarrelfivetimesmorethanthenominalpricein1999andspotpricesfornaturalgasinsomeEuropeanandAmericanmarketsatornearrecordlevelspowerhasswungbacktotheproducersforthefirsttimesincetheearly1980s.Nobodyknowshowlongtoday’stightmarketswilllast.IttookusalongtimetogetthereanditwilltakeusalongtimetogetbacksaysRobinWestchairmanofPFCEnergyinWashington.AclutchofalarmistbookswithtitlessuchasTheDeathofOilpredictthatsolittleoilisleftinthegroundthatproducerswillalwayshavepricingpower.Thequestionishowworriedconsumersshouldbe.WhatarethethreatstoenergysecurityandwhatshouldtheworlddoaboutthemTheanswerssuggestaneedforplanningandacertainamountofgrimrealismbutnotforoutrightpanic.USAaccordingtothetextdisapprovedofRussianexpedientinthat______.
EveryyearFortunemagazinecelebrateswomeninthetopechelonsofcorporateAmericabypublishingalistOfthe50MostPowerfulWomeninBusiness.Theirtitlesareimpressive--CEOchairmanpresident--andphotosportraythemaspolishedandconfident.Whataninspirationtheycouldbetotheyoungwomenfollowingthem.41.Butwhatifthoseyoungwomendon’taspiretoacomerofficeAweekaftertheFortunelistappearedonnewsstandsamajornationalstudyofteenagersrevealedasurprisingfinding-while97percentofgirlspolledexpecttoworktosupportthemselvesortheirfamiliesonly9percentwantcareersinbusiness.Amongboysthefigureis15percent.GirlsofthisgenerationarequiteambitiouswhichisexcitingsaysFionaWilsonaprofessor’*atSimmonsCollegeSchoolofManagementandanauthorofthestudywhichpolledmorethan3000girlsand1200boysinmiddleschoolandhighschool.Shefindsitencouragingthathalfthegirlspreferprofessionssuchasdoctorslawyersandarchitects.We’renotgoingbacktothestereotypeoftheirmothers-generationwherewomenwerethinkingaboutbeingnursesandteachers.42.ButwhydogirlsshyawayfrombusinessThenumberofwomenapplyingtobusinessschoolshasdroppedoff.Bycontrastwomenmakeuphalfthestudentsinmedicalandlawschools.43.Unlikeboysinthestudywhosaytheywanttoearnalotofmoneygirlsplacegreatimportanceonhelpingothersandimprovingsociety.Buttheydon’tseeconnectionsbetweenthosegoalsandbusinesswhichtheyequatewithfinanceandnumbers.Andthey’relessconfidentthanboysabouttheirbusinessrelatedskills.Teengirlsalsoplaceahighvalueonhavingenoughtimetospendwithfamilyandfriends.44.IndescribingbusinessProfessorWilsonsaystheyusedmanyimagesinvolvingstress-imagesaboutdadshavingtomakeconferencecallsonvacationandmomsalwaysbeingtiredwhentheygothomeorcomplainingabouttheirbadbosses.45.Asithappensmothersaretheprimarysourceofcareeradvicefordaughters.Butparentsgoalsareoftenlesswelldefinedforgirlsthanforboys.Mothersexpresstheirhopeandaspirationfordaughtersintermsofwantingthemtobehappyandhavealotofoptionsbuttheydon’ttranslatethatdirectlyintobusinessopportunitiessaysConnieDuckworthheadofTheCommitteeof200anationalwomen’sbusinessleadershipgroupthatcommissionedthestudy.WilsonCallsthelackofwomenatthetopalarming’addingthatthestudydoesn’tofferalotofhopethatfuturegenerationswillswelltheranksofwomeninleadershippositions.[A]Titlesoftheechelon[B]Imagesusedindescribingbusiness[C]Womenstudentinschools[D]Mothersplayanimportantrole[E]Whywomenarenotwillingtochoosebusinesscarrier[F]Asurprisingpoll
Itisoftenobservedthattheagedspendmuchtimethinkingandtalkingabouttheirpastlives1aboutthefuture.Thesereminiscencesarenotsimplyrandomortrivialmemories2istheirpurposemerelytomakeconversation.Theoldperson’srecollectionsofthepasthelpto3anidentitythatisbecomingincreasinglyfragile:4anyrolethatbringsrespectoranygoalthatmightprovide5tothefuturetheindividualmentionshispastasaremindertolistenersthatherewasalife6living.7thememoriesformpartofacontinuinglife8inwhichtheperson9theeventsandexperiencesofthe-yearsgonebyand10ontheoverallmeaningofhisorherownalmostcompletedlife. Asthelifecycle11toitsclosetheagedmustalsolearntoaccepttherealityoftheirownimpendingdeath.12thistaskismadedifficultbythefactthatdeathisalmosta13subjectintheUnitedStates.Themerediscussionofdeathisoftenregardedas14.Asadultsmanyofusfindthetopicfrighteningandare15tothinkaboutit—andcertainlynottotalkaboutit16thepresenceofsomeonewhoisdying.Deathhasachievedthistaboo17onlyinthemodernindustrialsocieties.Thereseemstobeanimportantreasonforourreluctanceto18theideaofdeath.Itistheveryfactthatdeathremains19ourcontrol;itisalmosttheonlyoneofthenaturalprocesses20isso. 1
TheFrencharethemastersofgrandsprojets.46Theyhavethecruelnesnationalprideandwillingnesstospendthatareneededforgreatpublicworks.47TheBritishontheotherhandareusuallydismissedastoomeantroubledbyregulationsandlackinginvisiontobuildanythingworthwhile.Butoccasionallythebulldogtriumphs.Takeforexamplethatgrandestofgrandsprojetsthenationallibrary.TheBibliothequeNationaledeFrance.fast-trackedbyPresidentMitterrandwasplannedandbuiltinlessthanadecade.Withitsfour80-metre-highglasstowersdesignedtoresembleopenbooksthelibrarywashailedasawonderofdesignandconstructionwhenitopenedin1998.48Its11millionbooksprotectedbyautomaticclimatecontrolwereplannedtobeinstantlyaccessiblewiththehelpofcomputerisedautomaticloadingtrainsrunningonmilesoftrains.AllthisforFFr8billionpounds861millionwashailedasevidencethatthegloryofFrancewasaliveandwell.TheBritishLibrarywhichcostathirdlessbecameasymbolofnationalincompetence.Firstconceivedin1962it.ranintotroublefromthestart.49Afterthreedecadesofbittercontroversyplanningdelaysandmoneyproblemsthenewred-bricklibrarydesignedbyColinStJohnWilsonfinallyopenedforbusinessin1997.Thereviewsgivenitstroubledhistorywerepredictablymixed.ThePrinceofWaleswhohadunveiledthefoundationstonecomparedittoanacademyforsecretpolice.Matterslookdifferenttoday.TheBritishLibraryiswidelyacknowledgedasoneofLondon’sbestmodembuildingsatriumphofdesignoveradversity.Thosewhoworktheresingitspraises.TheBibliothequeNationalebycontrasthasbecomenotoriousforitspoordesignandevenworseconstruction.Itshightechnologysearchsystemhas.provedanightmare.Itsglassconstructionbakesbooksinsummer.Itsfreezingwintertemperatureshaveprovokedits3000stafftostrike.50ConditionsbecamesointolerablethatsoonafteritopenedseveralhundredfrustratedstudentsstormedareadingroomtramplinglibrarystaffunderfootDismissedbythreefamousFrenchprofessorsasasinisterfamelagrandebibliothequeprovesthatvictorydoesnotalwaysgototheswiftest.
Itisoftenobservedthattheagedspendmuchtimethinkingandtalkingabouttheirpastlives1aboutthefuture.Thesereminiscencesarenotsimplyrandomortrivialmemories2istheirpurposemerelytomakeconversation.Theoldperson’srecollectionsofthepasthelpto3anidentitythatisbecomingincreasinglyfragile:4anyrolethatbringsrespectoranygoalthatmightprovide5tothefuturetheindividualmentionshispastasaremindertolistenersthatherewasalife6living.7thememoriesformpartofacontinuinglife8inwhichtheperson9theeventsandexperiencesofthe-yearsgonebyand10ontheoverallmeaningofhisorherownalmostcompletedlife. Asthelifecycle11toitsclosetheagedmustalsolearntoaccepttherealityoftheirownimpendingdeath.12thistaskismadedifficultbythefactthatdeathisalmosta13subjectintheUnitedStates.Themerediscussionofdeathisoftenregardedas14.Asadultsmanyofusfindthetopicfrighteningandare15tothinkaboutit—andcertainlynottotalkaboutit16thepresenceofsomeonewhoisdying.Deathhasachievedthistaboo17onlyinthemodernindustrialsocieties.Thereseemstobeanimportantreasonforourreluctanceto18theideaofdeath.Itistheveryfactthatdeathremains19ourcontrol;itisalmosttheonlyoneofthenaturalprocesses20isso. 11
Asmorepeopleliveclosertogetherandastheyusemachinestoproduceleisuretheyfindthattheirleisureandeventheirworkinghoursbecomespoiltbyaby-productoftheirmachines--namelynoise.Noiseisnowadaysinthenews;ithasacquiredpoliticalstatusandpublicopinionsaredemandingmoreandmoreinsistentlythatsomethingmustbedoneaboutit.46Tocontrolnoiseistodemandmuchself-disciplineannoyancearisesoftenfromlackofcommoncourtesyasenseofproportionthereisusuallyaconflictofinterestifanoiseistobestoppedtheexpenditureofmoneyanditisfarmoreeconomicaltodothisearlyratherthanlateandfinallytechnicalknowledge.Technicaldifficultiesoftenarisefromthesubjective-objectivenatureoftheproblem.Youcandefinetheexcessivespeedofamotor-carintermsofapointerreadingonaspeedometer.Butcanyoudefineexcessivenoiseinthesameway47Youfindthatwithanyexistingsimplenoise-metervehicleswhicharejudgedtobeequallynoisymayshowconsiderabledifferenceonthemeter.Thoughtheidealcurefornoiseistostopitatitssourcethismayinmanycasesbeimpossible.Thenextremedyistoabsorbitonthewaytotheear.48Domesticnoisesmayperhapsbecontrolledbyforethoughtandcourtesyandindustrialnoisesbygoodplanningandtechnicalimprovement.Butifwearegoingtoallowfastmotor-cyclesandheavydiesellorriestopasscontinuouslythroughresidentialandbusinessdistrictsthecommunitymustdecideonthecontrolitneedstoexerciseforinthelongrunithasgottopayforit.49Andifanationistotakepartinmodernairtransportitmustenterintointernationalagreementsonthenoisecontrolmeasuresitwillimposeatitsairports-andherethecostofanyrealcontrolistobemeasuredinmillionsofdollars.Jetenginesmaybemodifiedtoreducetheirnoiselevelorinsulationfromairtrafficnoisemaybeprovidedbythepurchaseoflandaroundairportsortheinsulationofbuildings.50Oneestimateisthat＄5.7billionwouldberequiredtoequipallexistingjetengineswithnoisecontroldevices;howeverconsideringthecurrentstateofthearteventakingthisstepwillnotreducenoiselevelsatallpointstoacceptablevalues.Somecombinationofmethodsisprobablynecessary.
Itisoftenobservedthattheagedspendmuchtimethinkingandtalkingabouttheirpastlives1aboutthefuture.Thesereminiscencesarenotsimplyrandomortrivialmemories2istheirpurposemerelytomakeconversation.Theoldperson’srecollectionsofthepasthelpto3anidentitythatisbecomingincreasinglyfragile:4anyrolethatbringsrespectoranygoalthatmightprovide5tothefuturetheindividualmentionshispastasaremindertolistenersthatherewasalife6living.7thememoriesformpartofacontinuinglife8inwhichtheperson9theeventsandexperiencesofthe-yearsgonebyand10ontheoverallmeaningofhisorherownalmostcompletedlife. Asthelifecycle11toitsclosetheagedmustalsolearntoaccepttherealityoftheirownimpendingdeath.12thistaskismadedifficultbythefactthatdeathisalmosta13subjectintheUnitedStates.Themerediscussionofdeathisoftenregardedas14.Asadultsmanyofusfindthetopicfrighteningandare15tothinkaboutit—andcertainlynottotalkaboutit16thepresenceofsomeonewhoisdying.Deathhasachievedthistaboo17onlyinthemodernindustrialsocieties.Thereseemstobeanimportantreasonforourreluctanceto18theideaofdeath.Itistheveryfactthatdeathremains19ourcontrol;itisalmosttheonlyoneofthenaturalprocesses20isso. 19
Itisoftenobservedthattheagedspendmuchtimethinkingandtalkingabouttheirpastlives1aboutthefuture.Thesereminiscencesarenotsimplyrandomortrivialmemories2istheirpurposemerelytomakeconversation.Theoldperson’srecollectionsofthepasthelpto3anidentitythatisbecomingincreasinglyfragile:4anyrolethatbringsrespectoranygoalthatmightprovide5tothefuturetheindividualmentionshispastasaremindertolistenersthatherewasalife6living.7thememoriesformpartofacontinuinglife8inwhichtheperson9theeventsandexperiencesofthe-yearsgonebyand10ontheoverallmeaningofhisorherownalmostcompletedlife. Asthelifecycle11toitsclosetheagedmustalsolearntoaccepttherealityoftheirownimpendingdeath.12thistaskismadedifficultbythefactthatdeathisalmosta13subjectintheUnitedStates.Themerediscussionofdeathisoftenregardedas14.Asadultsmanyofusfindthetopicfrighteningandare15tothinkaboutit—andcertainlynottotalkaboutit16thepresenceofsomeonewhoisdying.Deathhasachievedthistaboo17onlyinthemodernindustrialsocieties.Thereseemstobeanimportantreasonforourreluctanceto18theideaofdeath.Itistheveryfactthatdeathremains19ourcontrol;itisalmosttheonlyoneofthenaturalprocesses20isso. 13
HowdidthecompanycometoproducearecordglorifyingthemurderofpolicewhichisentitledCopKillerbytherapperIce-TonthealbumBobyCountThealbumisreleasedbyWarnerBros.RecordspartoftheTimeWarnermediaandentertainmentconglomerate. InaWallStreetJournalopedpiecelayingoutthecompany’spositionTimeWarnercoCEOGeraldLevinmakestwodefenses.FirstIce-T’sCopKillerismisunderstood."Itdoesn’tinduceorglorifyviolence...It’shisfictionalizedattempttogetinsideacharacter’shead...CopKillerisnomoreacallforgunningdownthepolicethanFrankieandJohnnyisasummonsforjiltedloverstoshootoneanother.’Insteadof"findingwaystosilencethemessenger"weshouldbe"heedingtheanguishedcrycontainedinhismessage." Thisdefenseisself-contradictory.FrankieandJohnnydoesnotpretendtohaveapolitical"message"thatmustbe"heeded.’IfCopKillerhasamessageitisthatthemurderofpolicemenisajustifiedresponsetopolicebrutality.Andnotinself-defensebutinpremeditatedactsofrevengeagainstrandomcops.Killingpolicemenisagoodthing--thatistheplainmeaningofthesongandno"largerunderstanding"ofblackculturetherageofthestreetsoranythingelsecanexplainitaway.Asinmuchof.today’spopularmusicthelinebetweenperformerandperformanceispurposelyblurred.Thesearepoliticalsermonettesclearlyintendedtosupportthesentimentsbeingexpressed.TracyMarrowIce-Thimselfhassaid"Iscaredthepoliceandtheyneedtobescared."Thatseemsclear. Thecompany’sseconddefenseofCopKilleristheclassiconeoffreeexpression:"Westandforcreativefreedom.Webelievethattheworthofwhatanartistorjournalisthastosaydoesnotdependonpreapprovalfromagovernmentofficialoracorporatecensor." OfcourseIce-Thastherighttosaywhateverhewants.Butthatdoesn’trequireanycompanytoprovidehimanOutlet.Anditdoesn’trelieveacompanyofresponsibilityforthemessagesitchoosestopromote.Judgmentisnot"censorship."Manyan"anguishedcry"goesunrecorded.Thisonewasrecordedandpromotedbecauseasuccessfulartistundercontractwantedtorecordit.Nothingwrongwithmakingmoneybutacompanycannottakethemoneyandrunfromtheresponsibility. ThefounderofTimeHenryLucewouldhavescornedthenotionthathiscompanyprovidedavalue-freeforumfortheexchangeofideas.InLuce’ssystemeditorsweresupposedtomakevaluejudgmentsandpromotethetruthastheysawit. Itcanbelearnedthatthecompanyhasmovedfarfromitsfounder’s
Itisoftenobservedthattheagedspendmuchtimethinkingandtalkingabouttheirpastlives1aboutthefuture.Thesereminiscencesarenotsimplyrandomortrivialmemories2istheirpurposemerelytomakeconversation.Theoldperson’srecollectionsofthepasthelpto3anidentitythatisbecomingincreasinglyfragile:4anyrolethatbringsrespectoranygoalthatmightprovide5tothefuturetheindividualmentionshispastasaremindertolistenersthatherewasalife6living.7thememoriesformpartofacontinuinglife8inwhichtheperson9theeventsandexperiencesofthe-yearsgonebyand10ontheoverallmeaningofhisorherownalmostcompletedlife. Asthelifecycle11toitsclosetheagedmustalsolearntoaccepttherealityoftheirownimpendingdeath.12thistaskismadedifficultbythefactthatdeathisalmosta13subjectintheUnitedStates.Themerediscussionofdeathisoftenregardedas14.Asadultsmanyofusfindthetopicfrighteningandare15tothinkaboutit—andcertainlynottotalkaboutit16thepresenceofsomeonewhoisdying.Deathhasachievedthistaboo17onlyinthemodernindustrialsocieties.Thereseemstobeanimportantreasonforourreluctanceto18theideaofdeath.Itistheveryfactthatdeathremains19ourcontrol;itisalmosttheonlyoneofthenaturalprocesses20isso. 15
SaudiArabiatheoilindustry’sswingproducerhasbecomeitsflip-flopper.InFebruaryitpersuadedOPECtocutitstotalproductionquotasbylmbarrelsperdaybpdto23.5masaprecautionagainstanoil-pricecrashthisspring.Thatfearhassincebeenreplacedbyitsopposite.ThepriceofWestTexascrudehit$40lastweekitshighestsincetheeveofthefirstIraqwarpromptingconcernsthathigheroilpricescouldsapthevigourofAmerica’srecoveryandcompoundthefrailtyofEurope’s.OnMondayMay10thAlial-NaimiSaudiArabia’senergyministercalledonOPECtoraisequotasbyatleast1.5mbpdatitsnextmeetingonJune3rd.Thusfarthehighoilpricehasbeenlargelyaconsequenceofgoodthingssuchasastrengtheningworldeconomyratherthanacauseofbadthingssuchasfasterinflationorslowergrowth.China’sburgeoningeconomyguzzledabout6mbpdinthefirstquarterofthisyear15%morethanayearagoaccordingtoGoldmanSachs.DemandwasalsostrongintherestofAsiaexcludingJapangrowingby5.2%to8.lmbpd.AstheyearprogressestheseasonalrhythmsofAmerica’sdriverswilldictatepricesatleastofthelightersweetercrudes.Americanstaketotheroadsenmasseinthesummerandspeculatorsaredrivinguptheoilpricenowinanticipationofpeakdemandinafewmonths’time.UntilrecentlytheriseinthedollarpriceofoilwasoffsetoutsideAmericaandChinabythefallinthedollaritself.Butthecurrencyhasregainedsomegroundinrecentweeksandtheoilpricehascontinuedtorise.Evensotalkofanotheroil-priceshockispremature.ThepriceofoiladjustedforinflationisonlyhalfwhatitwasinDecember1979andtheUnitedStatesnowuseshalfasmuchenergyperdollarofoutputasitdidintheearly1970s.ButifoilcannotshocktheworldeconomyquiteasitusedtoitcanstillgiveitagoodkickwarnsGoldmanSachs.Ifaverageoilpricesfortheyearcomein10%higherthanitforecastitreckonsCDPgrowthintheGroupofSevenCTrichnationswillbereducedby0.3%or$70billion.TheAmericansarecertainlytakingtheissueseriously.JohnSnowtheirtreasurysecretarycalledOPEC’sFebruarydecisionregrettableandtheriseinpricessincethennothelpful.Washingtonpayscloseheedtothemanatthepetrolpumpwhohasseentheaveragepriceofagallonofunleadedpetrolriseby39centsinthepastyear.AndtheSaudissomemutterpaycloseheedtoWashington.BesidesthehighoilpricemayhavefilledSaudicoffersbutithasalsoaffrontedSaudipride.Mr.al-Naimithinksthehighpriceisduetofearsthatsupplymightbedisruptedinthefuture.Thesefearshesaysareunwarranted.ButthehulkingmachineryintheArabiandesertthatkeepsoilflowingroundtheworldpresentsaninvitingtargettoterroristsshouldtheytireofbombingembassiesandnightclubs.OnMay1stgunmenkilledsixpeopleinaSaudiofficeofABBLummusGlobalanAmericanoilcontractor.SuchincidentsaddtotheriskpremiumfactoredintotheoilpriceapremiumthattheSaudistakeasavoteofnoconfidenceintheirkingdomanditsabilitytoguaranteethesupplyofoilinthefaceofterroristthreats.JohnSnow’sremarksarementionedinthetexttoshow______.
TheFrencharethemastersofgrandsprojets.46Theyhavethecruelnesnationalprideandwillingnesstospendthatareneededforgreatpublicworks.47TheBritishontheotherhandareusuallydismissedastoomeantroubledbyregulationsandlackinginvisiontobuildanythingworthwhile.Butoccasionallythebulldogtriumphs.Takeforexamplethatgrandestofgrandsprojetsthenationallibrary.TheBibliothequeNationaledeFrance.fast-trackedbyPresidentMitterrandwasplannedandbuiltinlessthanadecade.Withitsfour80-metre-highglasstowersdesignedtoresembleopenbooksthelibrarywashailedasawonderofdesignandconstructionwhenitopenedin1998.48Its11millionbooksprotectedbyautomaticclimatecontrolwereplannedtobeinstantlyaccessiblewiththehelpofcomputerisedautomaticloadingtrainsrunningonmilesoftrains.AllthisforFFr8billionpounds861millionwashailedasevidencethatthegloryofFrancewasaliveandwell.TheBritishLibrarywhichcostathirdlessbecameasymbolofnationalincompetence.Firstconceivedin1962it.ranintotroublefromthestart.49Afterthreedecadesofbittercontroversyplanningdelaysandmoneyproblemsthenewred-bricklibrarydesignedbyColinStJohnWilsonfinallyopenedforbusinessin1997.Thereviewsgivenitstroubledhistorywerepredictablymixed.ThePrinceofWaleswhohadunveiledthefoundationstonecomparedittoanacademyforsecretpolice.Matterslookdifferenttoday.TheBritishLibraryiswidelyacknowledgedasoneofLondon’sbestmodembuildingsatriumphofdesignoveradversity.Thosewhoworktheresingitspraises.TheBibliothequeNationalebycontrasthasbecomenotoriousforitspoordesignandevenworseconstruction.Itshightechnologysearchsystemhas.provedanightmare.Itsglassconstructionbakesbooksinsummer.Itsfreezingwintertemperatureshaveprovokedits3000stafftostrike.50ConditionsbecamesointolerablethatsoonafteritopenedseveralhundredfrustratedstudentsstormedareadingroomtramplinglibrarystaffunderfootDismissedbythreefamousFrenchprofessorsasasinisterfamelagrandebibliothequeprovesthatvictorydoesnotalwaysgototheswiftest.
EveryyearFortunemagazinecelebrateswomeninthetopechelonsofcorporateAmericabypublishingalistOfthe50MostPowerfulWomeninBusiness.Theirtitlesareimpressive--CEOchairmanpresident--andphotosportraythemaspolishedandconfident.Whataninspirationtheycouldbetotheyoungwomenfollowingthem.41.Butwhatifthoseyoungwomendon’taspiretoacomerofficeAweekaftertheFortunelistappearedonnewsstandsamajornationalstudyofteenagersrevealedasurprisingfinding-while97percentofgirlspolledexpecttoworktosupportthemselvesortheirfamiliesonly9percentwantcareersinbusiness.Amongboysthefigureis15percent.GirlsofthisgenerationarequiteambitiouswhichisexcitingsaysFionaWilsonaprofessor’*atSimmonsCollegeSchoolofManagementandanauthorofthestudywhichpolledmorethan3000girlsand1200boysinmiddleschoolandhighschool.Shefindsitencouragingthathalfthegirlspreferprofessionssuchasdoctorslawyersandarchitects.We’renotgoingbacktothestereotypeoftheirmothers-generationwherewomenwerethinkingaboutbeingnursesandteachers.42.ButwhydogirlsshyawayfrombusinessThenumberofwomenapplyingtobusinessschoolshasdroppedoff.Bycontrastwomenmakeuphalfthestudentsinmedicalandlawschools.43.Unlikeboysinthestudywhosaytheywanttoearnalotofmoneygirlsplacegreatimportanceonhelpingothersandimprovingsociety.Buttheydon’tseeconnectionsbetweenthosegoalsandbusinesswhichtheyequatewithfinanceandnumbers.Andthey’relessconfidentthanboysabouttheirbusinessrelatedskills.Teengirlsalsoplaceahighvalueonhavingenoughtimetospendwithfamilyandfriends.44.IndescribingbusinessProfessorWilsonsaystheyusedmanyimagesinvolvingstress-imagesaboutdadshavingtomakeconferencecallsonvacationandmomsalwaysbeingtiredwhentheygothomeorcomplainingabouttheirbadbosses.45.Asithappensmothersaretheprimarysourceofcareeradvicefordaughters.Butparentsgoalsareoftenlesswelldefinedforgirlsthanforboys.Mothersexpresstheirhopeandaspirationfordaughtersintermsofwantingthemtobehappyandhavealotofoptionsbuttheydon’ttranslatethatdirectlyintobusinessopportunitiessaysConnieDuckworthheadofTheCommitteeof200anationalwomen’sbusinessleadershipgroupthatcommissionedthestudy.WilsonCallsthelackofwomenatthetopalarming’addingthatthestudydoesn’tofferalotofhopethatfuturegenerationswillswelltheranksofwomeninleadershippositions.[A]Titlesoftheechelon[B]Imagesusedindescribingbusiness[C]Womenstudentinschools[D]Mothersplayanimportantrole[E]Whywomenarenotwillingtochoosebusinesscarrier[F]Asurprisingpoll
Ifyouleavealoadedweaponlyingarounditisboundtogooffsoonerorlater.Snow-coverednorthernEuropeheardthegunshotloudandclearwhenRussiacutsuppliestoUkrainethisweekaspartofarowaboutmoneyandpowerthetwoeternalbattlegroundsofglobalenergy.FromcentralEuroperightacrosstoFranceontheAtlanticseaboardgassuppliesfellbymorethanone-third.ForyearsEuropeanshadbeentellingthemselvesthatacold-warenemywhichhadsuppliedthemwithoutfailcouldstillbedependedonnowitwasanallyofsorts.Suddenlynobodywasquitesosure. FearingthethreattoitsreputationasasupplierRussiarapidlyrestoredthegasandsettleditsdifferenceswithUkraine.ButitwasanuncomfortableglimpseofthedangersforacontinentthatimportsroughlyhalfitsgasandthatGérardMestralletbossofSuezaFrenchwaterandpowercompanyexpectstobeimporting80%ofitsgasby2030--muchofitfromRussia.ItwasscarcelymorewelcomeforAmericawhichcondemnedRussia’stactics.Andnowonder:itconsumesone-quarteroftheworld’soilbutproducesonly3%ofthestuff.Overthecomingyearstheworld’sdependenceonoillookslikelytoconcentrateontheMiddleEastparticularlySaudiArabia.Russianoilhadseemedausefulalternative. Fearoftheenergyweaponhasalonghistory.Whenproducershadtheupperhandintheoilembargoof1973-74ArabmembersoftheOrganisationofthePetroleumExportingCountriesOPECcutsupplysowingturmoilandaglobalrecession.Whenconsumershadtheupperhandintheearly1990stheembargocuttheotherway.AfterSaddamHusseininvadedKuwaitin1990theworldshutin5mbarrelsadayb/dofproductionfromthetwocountriesinanattempttoforcehimout.Withoilcosting$60abarrelfivetimesmorethanthenominalpricein1999andspotpricesfornaturalgasinsomeEuropeanandAmericanmarketsatornearrecordlevelspowerhasswungbacktotheproducersforthefirsttimesincetheearly1980s.Nobodyknowshowlongtoday’stightmarketswilllast."Ittookusalongtimetogetthereanditwilltakeusalongtimetogetback"saysRobinWestchairmanofPFCEnergyinWashington.Aclutchofalarmistbookswithtitlessuchas"TheDeathofOil"predictthatsolittleoilisleftinthegroundthatproducerswillalwayshavepricingpower.Thequestionishowworriedconsumersshouldbe.WhatarethethreatstoenergysecurityandwhatshouldtheworlddoaboutthemTheanswerssuggestaneedforplanningandacertainamountofgrimrealismbutnotforoutrightpanic. BasedontheremarksmadebyRobinWestthecurrentsituationwill
Itisoftenobservedthattheagedspendmuchtimethinkingandtalkingabouttheirpastlives1aboutthefuture.Thesereminiscencesarenotsimplyrandomortrivialmemories2istheirpurposemerelytomakeconversation.Theoldperson’srecollectionsofthepasthelpto3anidentitythatisbecomingincreasinglyfragile:4anyrolethatbringsrespectoranygoalthatmightprovide5tothefuturetheindividualmentionshispastasaremindertolistenersthatherewasalife6living.7thememoriesformpartofacontinuinglife8inwhichtheperson9theeventsandexperiencesofthe-yearsgonebyand10ontheoverallmeaningofhisorherownalmostcompletedlife. Asthelifecycle11toitsclosetheagedmustalsolearntoaccepttherealityoftheirownimpendingdeath.12thistaskismadedifficultbythefactthatdeathisalmosta13subjectintheUnitedStates.Themerediscussionofdeathisoftenregardedas14.Asadultsmanyofusfindthetopicfrighteningandare15tothinkaboutit—andcertainlynottotalkaboutit16thepresenceofsomeonewhoisdying.Deathhasachievedthistaboo17onlyinthemodernindustrialsocieties.Thereseemstobeanimportantreasonforourreluctanceto18theideaofdeath.Itistheveryfactthatdeathremains19ourcontrol;itisalmosttheonlyoneofthenaturalprocesses20isso. 17
[A]TheNeedforScience[B]TheMethodsofScience[C]TheChallengeofUnsolvedProblems[D]TheSpecificFeaturesoftheLawsofScience[E]TheStepsinEstablishingaScientificTheory[F]TheRapidIncreaseofScientificKnowledgeItisthebusinessofthescientisttoaccumulateknowledgeabouttheuniverseandallthatisinitandtofindifheisablecommonfactorswhichunderlieandaccountforthefactsthatheknows.Hechooseswhenhecanthemethodofthecontrolledexperiment.41.____________Inthecourseofhisinquiriesthescientistmayfindwhathethinksisonecommonexplanationforanincreasingnumberoffacts.Theexplanationifitseemsconsistentlytofitthevariousfactsiscalledahypothesis.Ifahypothesiscontinuestostandthetestofnumerousexperimentsandremainsunshakenitbecomesalaw.42.____________Thelawsofsciencedifferfromthelawsofacountryintwoways.Firstascientificlawisliableatanytimetoneedmodifying.Thishappenswhenafactisdiscoveredwhichseemstocontradictwhatthelawwouldleadonetoexpect.Thelawmayinfacthavetobeabandonedaltogether.SecondascientificlawsaysThisislikelytobetheexplanationorThisaccountsforthefactsasfarasweknowthem.ButthelawofthecountrysaysYoumust...’orYoumustnot...Thescientificlaw’hasnomoralforce;itisnotbindingonhumanbehaviornorapprovedoropposedbyhumanconscience.43.____________Theevidenceastothevastnessoftheuniverseandthecomplexityofitsarrangementscontinuestogrowatanamazingrate.Thegapbetweenwhatweknowandallthatcanbeknownseemsnottodiminishbutrathertoincreasewitheverynewdiscovery.Freshunexploredregionsareforeveropeningout.Therapidityofthegrowthofscientificknowledgeinthenineteenthandtwentiethcenturiesisapttogivestudentsandteacherstheimpressionthatnosoonerisaproblemstatedthantheanswerisforthcoming.Amoredetailedstudyofthehistoryofsciencecorrectstheimpressionthatfundamentaldiscoveriesaremadewithdramaticsuddenness.Eveninourpresentagenolessthanfiftyyearsseparatethediscoveryofradioactivityfromtheexplosionofthefirstatomicbomb.Theteachergivinghisbriefaccountsofscientificdiscoveryisapttoforgetthelongperiodsofmisunderstandingoffalsehypothesesandgeneraluncertaintywhichalmostinvariablyprecedetheclearstatementofscientifictruth.44.____________Thevastmassofinformationwhichscientistshavegainedhasprovidedtheanswertothefundamentalquestionswhichthroughthecenturieshavepuzzledandsometimestorturedthehumanmind.Therearemanysuchquestions.Thestudyofparasiteshasprovidedevidencethatorganismswhichcouldbeself-supportinghavebecomeparasitesbuthardlyanylighthasbeenshedontheproblemofwhytheyshouldhavedoneso.Whatenablesanorganismtorespondtothepoisonoussecretionsofharmfulbacteriaandorganizeitsresourcestodefenditslife...45.____________Toraisethestandardoflivinginanycountrytwothingsarerequired:scientificknowledgeandapopulationsufficientlyeducatedtounderstandhowtoapplyit.Withoutthelattertheexpectedbenefitswillnotcome.Notes:ado麻烦忙乱bebindingon对......有约束力parasite寄生虫shedlighton使某事物更清楚些secretion分泌物
HowdidthecompanycometoproducearecordglorifyingthemurderofpolicewhichisentitledCopKillerbytherapperIce-TonthealbumBobyCountThealbumisreleasedbyWarnerBros.RecordspartoftheTimeWarnermediaandentertainmentconglomerate.InaWallStreetJournalopedpiecelayingoutthecompany’spositionTimeWarnercoCEOGeraldLevinmakestwodefenses.FirstIce-T’sCopKillerismisunderstood.Itdoesn’tinduceorglorifyviolence...It’shisfictionalizedattempttogetinsideacharacter’shead...CopKillerisnomoreacallforgunningdownthepolicethanFrankieandJohnnyisasummonsforjiltedloverstoshootoneanother.’Insteadoffindingwaystosilencethemessengerweshouldbeheedingtheanguishedcrycontainedinhismessage.Thisdefenseisself-contradictory.FrankieandJohnnydoesnotpretendtohaveapoliticalmessagethatmustbeheeded.’IfCopKillerhasamessageitisthatthemurderofpolicemenisajustifiedresponsetopolicebrutality.Andnotinself-defensebutinpremeditatedactsofrevengeagainstrandomcops.Killingpolicemenisagoodthing--thatistheplainmeaningofthesongandnolargerunderstandingofblackculturetherageofthestreetsoranythingelsecanexplainitaway.Asinmuchof.today’spopularmusicthelinebetweenperformerandperformanceispurposelyblurred.Thesearepoliticalsermonettesclearlyintendedtosupportthesentimentsbeingexpressed.TracyMarrowIce-ThimselfhassaidIscaredthepoliceandtheyneedtobescared.Thatseemsclear.Thecompany’sseconddefenseofCopKilleristheclassiconeoffreeexpression:Westandforcreativefreedom.Webelievethattheworthofwhatanartistorjournalisthastosaydoesnotdependonpreapprovalfromagovernmentofficialoracorporatecensor.OfcourseIce-Thastherighttosaywhateverhewants.Butthatdoesn’trequireanycompanytoprovidehimanOutlet.Anditdoesn’trelieveacompanyofresponsibilityforthemessagesitchoosestopromote.Judgmentisnotcensorship.Manyananguishedcrygoesunrecorded.Thisonewasrecordedandpromotedbecauseasuccessfulartistundercontractwantedtorecordit.Nothingwrongwithmakingmoneybutacompanycannottakethemoneyandrunfromtheresponsibility.ThefounderofTimeHenryLucewouldhavescornedthenotionthathiscompanyprovidedavalue-freeforumfortheexchangeofideas.InLuce’ssystemeditorsweresupposedtomakevaluejudgmentsandpromotethetruthastheysawit.IntheeyesoftheauthorIce-T’sCopKillershouldbecondemnedfor
HowdidthecompanycometoproducearecordglorifyingthemurderofpolicewhichisentitledCopKillerbytherapperIce-TonthealbumBobyCountThealbumisreleasedbyWarnerBros.RecordspartoftheTimeWarnermediaandentertainmentconglomerate. InaWallStreetJournalopedpiecelayingoutthecompany’spositionTimeWarnercoCEOGeraldLevinmakestwodefenses.FirstIce-T’sCopKillerismisunderstood."Itdoesn’tinduceorglorifyviolence...It’shisfictionalizedattempttogetinsideacharacter’shead...CopKillerisnomoreacallforgunningdownthepolicethanFrankieandJohnnyisasummonsforjiltedloverstoshootoneanother.’Insteadof"findingwaystosilencethemessenger"weshouldbe"heedingtheanguishedcrycontainedinhismessage." Thisdefenseisself-contradictory.FrankieandJohnnydoesnotpretendtohaveapolitical"message"thatmustbe"heeded.’IfCopKillerhasamessageitisthatthemurderofpolicemenisajustifiedresponsetopolicebrutality.Andnotinself-defensebutinpremeditatedactsofrevengeagainstrandomcops.Killingpolicemenisagoodthing--thatistheplainmeaningofthesongandno"largerunderstanding"ofblackculturetherageofthestreetsoranythingelsecanexplainitaway.Asinmuchof.today’spopularmusicthelinebetweenperformerandperformanceispurposelyblurred.Thesearepoliticalsermonettesclearlyintendedtosupportthesentimentsbeingexpressed.TracyMarrowIce-Thimselfhassaid"Iscaredthepoliceandtheyneedtobescared."Thatseemsclear. Thecompany’sseconddefenseofCopKilleristheclassiconeoffreeexpression:"Westandforcreativefreedom.Webelievethattheworthofwhatanartistorjournalisthastosaydoesnotdependonpreapprovalfromagovernmentofficialoracorporatecensor." OfcourseIce-Thastherighttosaywhateverhewants.Butthatdoesn’trequireanycompanytoprovidehimanOutlet.Anditdoesn’trelieveacompanyofresponsibilityforthemessagesitchoosestopromote.Judgmentisnot"censorship."Manyan"anguishedcry"goesunrecorded.Thisonewasrecordedandpromotedbecauseasuccessfulartistundercontractwantedtorecordit.Nothingwrongwithmakingmoneybutacompanycannottakethemoneyandrunfromtheresponsibility. ThefounderofTimeHenryLucewouldhavescornedthenotionthathiscompanyprovidedavalue-freeforumfortheexchangeofideas.InLuce’ssystemeditorsweresupposedtomakevaluejudgmentsandpromotethetruthastheysawit. Itisoftenclaimedthatsomemessagesconveyedinpopularmusic
Itisoftenobservedthattheagedspendmuchtimethinkingandtalkingabouttheirpastlives1aboutthefuture.Thesereminiscencesarenotsimplyrandomortrivialmemories2istheirpurposemerelytomakeconversation.Theoldperson’srecollectionsofthepasthelpto3anidentitythatisbecomingincreasinglyfragile:4anyrolethatbringsrespectoranygoalthatmightprovide5tothefuturetheindividualmentionshispastasaremindertolistenersthatherewasalife6living.7thememoriesformpartofacontinuinglife8inwhichtheperson9theeventsandexperiencesofthe-yearsgonebyand10ontheoverallmeaningofhisorherownalmostcompletedlife. Asthelifecycle11toitsclosetheagedmustalsolearntoaccepttherealityoftheirownimpendingdeath.12thistaskismadedifficultbythefactthatdeathisalmosta13subjectintheUnitedStates.Themerediscussionofdeathisoftenregardedas14.Asadultsmanyofusfindthetopicfrighteningandare15tothinkaboutit—andcertainlynottotalkaboutit16thepresenceofsomeonewhoisdying.Deathhasachievedthistaboo17onlyinthemodernindustrialsocieties.Thereseemstobeanimportantreasonforourreluctanceto18theideaofdeath.Itistheveryfactthatdeathremains19ourcontrol;itisalmosttheonlyoneofthenaturalprocesses20isso. 7
Itisoftenobservedthattheagedspendmuchtimethinkingandtalkingabouttheirpastlives1aboutthefuture.Thesereminiscencesarenotsimplyrandomortrivialmemories2istheirpurposemerelytomakeconversation.Theoldperson’srecollectionsofthepasthelpto3anidentitythatisbecomingincreasinglyfragile:4anyrolethatbringsrespectoranygoalthatmightprovide5tothefuturetheindividualmentionshispastasaremindertolistenersthatherewasalife6living.7thememoriesformpartofacontinuinglife8inwhichtheperson9theeventsandexperiencesofthe-yearsgonebyand10ontheoverallmeaningofhisorherownalmostcompletedlife. Asthelifecycle11toitsclosetheagedmustalsolearntoaccepttherealityoftheirownimpendingdeath.12thistaskismadedifficultbythefactthatdeathisalmosta13subjectintheUnitedStates.Themerediscussionofdeathisoftenregardedas14.Asadultsmanyofusfindthetopicfrighteningandare15tothinkaboutit—andcertainlynottotalkaboutit16thepresenceofsomeonewhoisdying.Deathhasachievedthistaboo17onlyinthemodernindustrialsocieties.Thereseemstobeanimportantreasonforourreluctanceto18theideaofdeath.Itistheveryfactthatdeathremains19ourcontrol;itisalmosttheonlyoneofthenaturalprocesses20isso. 5
[A]TheNeedforScience[B]TheMethodsofScience[C]TheChallengeofUnsolvedProblems[D]TheSpecificFeaturesoftheLawsofScience[E]TheStepsinEstablishingaScientificTheory[F]TheRapidIncreaseofScientificKnowledgeItisthebusinessofthescientisttoaccumulateknowledgeabouttheuniverseandallthatisinitandtofindifheisablecommonfactorswhichunderlieandaccountforthefactsthatheknows.Hechooseswhenhecanthemethodofthecontrolledexperiment.41.____________Inthecourseofhisinquiriesthescientistmayfindwhathethinksisonecommonexplanationforanincreasingnumberoffacts.Theexplanationifitseemsconsistentlytofitthevariousfactsiscalledahypothesis.Ifahypothesiscontinuestostandthetestofnumerousexperimentsandremainsunshakenitbecomesalaw.42.____________Thelawsofsciencedifferfromthelawsofacountryintwoways.Firstascientificlawisliableatanytimetoneedmodifying.Thishappenswhenafactisdiscoveredwhichseemstocontradictwhatthelawwouldleadonetoexpect.Thelawmayinfacthavetobeabandonedaltogether.SecondascientificlawsaysThisislikelytobetheexplanationorThisaccountsforthefactsasfarasweknowthem.ButthelawofthecountrysaysYoumust...’orYoumustnot...Thescientificlaw’hasnomoralforce;itisnotbindingonhumanbehaviornorapprovedoropposedbyhumanconscience.43.____________Theevidenceastothevastnessoftheuniverseandthecomplexityofitsarrangementscontinuestogrowatanamazingrate.Thegapbetweenwhatweknowandallthatcanbeknownseemsnottodiminishbutrathertoincreasewitheverynewdiscovery.Freshunexploredregionsareforeveropeningout.Therapidityofthegrowthofscientificknowledgeinthenineteenthandtwentiethcenturiesisapttogivestudentsandteacherstheimpressionthatnosoonerisaproblemstatedthantheanswerisforthcoming.Amoredetailedstudyofthehistoryofsciencecorrectstheimpressionthatfundamentaldiscoveriesaremadewithdramaticsuddenness.Eveninourpresentagenolessthanfiftyyearsseparatethediscoveryofradioactivityfromtheexplosionofthefirstatomicbomb.Theteachergivinghisbriefaccountsofscientificdiscoveryisapttoforgetthelongperiodsofmisunderstandingoffalsehypothesesandgeneraluncertaintywhichalmostinvariablyprecedetheclearstatementofscientifictruth.44.____________Thevastmassofinformationwhichscientistshavegainedhasprovidedtheanswertothefundamentalquestionswhichthroughthecenturieshavepuzzledandsometimestorturedthehumanmind.Therearemanysuchquestions.Thestudyofparasiteshasprovidedevidencethatorganismswhichcouldbeself-supportinghavebecomeparasitesbuthardlyanylighthasbeenshedontheproblemofwhytheyshouldhavedoneso.Whatenablesanorganismtorespondtothepoisonoussecretionsofharmfulbacteriaandorganizeitsresourcestodefenditslife...45.____________Toraisethestandardoflivinginanycountrytwothingsarerequired:scientificknowledgeandapopulationsufficientlyeducatedtounderstandhowtoapplyit.Withoutthelattertheexpectedbenefitswillnotcome.Notes:ado麻烦忙乱bebindingon对......有约束力parasite寄生虫shedlighton使某事物更清楚些secretion分泌物
Itisoftenobservedthattheagedspendmuchtimethinkingandtalkingabouttheirpastlives1aboutthefuture.Thesereminiscencesarenotsimplyrandomortrivialmemories2istheirpurposemerelytomakeconversation.Theoldperson’srecollectionsofthepasthelpto3anidentitythatisbecomingincreasinglyfragile:4anyrolethatbringsrespectoranygoalthatmightprovide5tothefuturetheindividualmentionshispastasaremindertolistenersthatherewasalife6living.7thememoriesformpartofacontinuinglife8inwhichtheperson9theeventsandexperiencesofthe-yearsgonebyand10ontheoverallmeaningofhisorherownalmostcompletedlife. Asthelifecycle11toitsclosetheagedmustalsolearntoaccepttherealityoftheirownimpendingdeath.12thistaskismadedifficultbythefactthatdeathisalmosta13subjectintheUnitedStates.Themerediscussionofdeathisoftenregardedas14.Asadultsmanyofusfindthetopicfrighteningandare15tothinkaboutit—andcertainlynottotalkaboutit16thepresenceofsomeonewhoisdying.Deathhasachievedthistaboo17onlyinthemodernindustrialsocieties.Thereseemstobeanimportantreasonforourreluctanceto18theideaofdeath.Itistheveryfactthatdeathremains19ourcontrol;itisalmosttheonlyoneofthenaturalprocesses20isso. 3
Peoplelikemostanimalsarenaturallylazy.Sotheascentofmankindissomethingofamystery.Humanswhomaketheirlivingshuntingandgatheringinthetraditionalwaydonothavetoputmucheffortintoit.Farmerswhorelyonraintowatertheircropsworksignificantlyharderandleadunhealthierlives.Buttherealback-breakingisthatcarriedoutbyfarmerswhouseirrigation.Yetitwastheinventionofirrigationatfirstsightsoharmfultoitspractitionersthatactuallyproducedasufficientsurplustofeedthepriestsscholarsartistsandsoonwhoseactivitiesarecollectivelythoughtofascivilization.Inthepast10000yearstheworld’sclimatehasbecometemporarilycolderanddrieronseveraloccasions.ThefirstoftheseknownastheYoungerDryasafteratundra-lovingplantthatthrivedduringitoccurredatthesametimeasthebeginningofagricultureinnorthernMesopotamia.Itiswidelybelievedthatthiswasnotacoincidence.ThedryingandcoolingoftheYoungerDryasadverselyaffectedthefoodsupplyofhunter-gatherers.Thatwouldhavecreatedanincentiveforagriculturetospreadoncesomebrightsparkinventedit.Whyfarmersthenmovedontoirrigationishoweverfarfromclear.ButHarveyWeissofYaleUniversitythinksheknows.Dr.Weissobservesthatthedevelopmentofirrigationcoincideswithasecondcooldryperiodsome8200yearsago.Hisanalysisofrainfallpatternsintheareasuggeststhatrainfallinagriculture’supper-Mesopotamianheartlandwouldatthistimehavefallenbelowthelevelneededtosustainfarmingreliably.Farmerswouldthushavebeenforcedoutoftheareainsearchofotheropportunities.Onceagainaninnovativesparkwasrequired.Butitclearlyoccurredtosomeofthesedisplacedfarmersthattheslow-movingwatersofthelowerTigrisandEuphratesnearsealevelcouldbedivertedusingcanalsandusedtowatercrops.Andtherestastheclichehasitishistory.Soclimatechangehelpedtointensifyagricultureandthusstartcivilization.Butanequallyintriguingideaisthatthespreadofagriculturecausedclimatechange.Inthiscasethepresumedcriminalisforestclearance.MostofthelandcultivatedbyearlyfarmersintheMiddleEastwouldhavebeenforested.Whenthetreesthatgrewtherewereclearedthecarbontheycontainedendedupintheatmosphereascarbondioxide.Moreoveroneformoffarming—thecultivationofriceinwaterloggedfields—generatesmethaneinlargequantities.WilliamRuddimanoftheUniversityofVirginiaexplainedthatincombinationthesetwophenomenahadwarmedtheatmospherepriortothestartoftheindustrialera.Asenvironmentalistsarewonttoobservemankindispartofnature.Thesestudiesshowjusthowintimatetherelationshipis.AccordingtoDr.Weissthesecondcoolanddryperiodeventually
Peoplelikemostanimalsarenaturallylazy.Sotheascentofmankindissomethingofamystery.Humanswhomaketheirlivingshuntingandgatheringinthetraditionalwaydonothavetoputmucheffortintoit.Farmerswhorelyonraintowatertheircropsworksignificantlyharderandleadunhealthierlives.Buttherealback-breakingisthatcarriedoutbyfarmerswhouseirrigation.Yetitwastheinventionofirrigationatfirstsightsoharmfultoitspractitionersthatactuallyproducedasufficientsurplustofeedthepriestsscholarsartistsandsoonwhoseactivitiesarecollectivelythoughtofascivilization.Inthepast10000yearstheworld’sclimatehasbecometemporarilycolderanddrieronseveraloccasions.ThefirstoftheseknownastheYoungerDryasafteratundra-lovingplantthatthrivedduringitoccurredatthesametimeasthebeginningofagricultureinnorthernMesopotamia.Itiswidelybelievedthatthiswasnotacoincidence.ThedryingandcoolingoftheYoungerDryasadverselyaffectedthefoodsupplyofhunter-gatherers.Thatwouldhavecreatedanincentiveforagriculturetospreadoncesomebrightsparkinventedit.Whyfarmersthenmovedontoirrigationishoweverfarfromclear.ButHarveyWeissofYaleUniversitythinksheknows.Dr.Weissobservesthatthedevelopmentofirrigationcoincideswithasecondcooldryperiodsome8200yearsago.Hisanalysisofrainfallpatternsintheareasuggeststhatrainfallinagriculture’supper-Mesopotamianheartlandwouldatthistimehavefallenbelowthelevelneededtosustainfarmingreliably.Farmerswouldthushavebeenforcedoutoftheareainsearchofotheropportunities.Onceagainaninnovativesparkwasrequired.Butitclearlyoccurredtosomeofthesedisplacedfarmersthattheslow-movingwatersofthelowerTigrisandEuphratesnearsealevelcouldbedivertedusingcanalsandusedtowatercrops.Andtherestastheclichehasitishistory.Soclimatechangehelpedtointensifyagricultureandthusstartcivilization.Butanequallyintriguingideaisthatthespreadofagriculturecausedclimatechange.Inthiscasethepresumedcriminalisforestclearance.MostofthelandcultivatedbyearlyfarmersintheMiddleEastwouldhavebeenforested.Whenthetreesthatgrewtherewereclearedthecarbontheycontainedendedupintheatmosphereascarbondioxide.Moreoveroneformoffarming—thecultivationofriceinwaterloggedfields—generatesmethaneinlargequantities.WilliamRuddimanoftheUniversityofVirginiaexplainedthatincombinationthesetwophenomenahadwarmedtheatmospherepriortothestartoftheindustrialera.Asenvironmentalistsarewonttoobservemankindispartofnature.Thesestudiesshowjusthowintimatetherelationshipis.Whichoffollowingtendstowarmtheclimate
1yoursincerecongratulations 2yourbestwishestohimorher. Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use"LiMing"instead.Donotwritetheaddress.
Asmorepeopleliveclosertogetherandastheyusemachinestoproduceleisuretheyfindthattheirleisureandeventheirworkinghoursbecomespoiltbyaby-productoftheirmachines--namelynoise.Noiseisnowadaysinthenews;ithasacquiredpoliticalstatusandpublicopinionsaredemandingmoreandmoreinsistentlythatsomethingmustbedoneaboutit.46Tocontrolnoiseistodemandmuchself-disciplineannoyancearisesoftenfromlackofcommoncourtesyasenseofproportionthereisusuallyaconflictofinterestifanoiseistobestoppedtheexpenditureofmoneyanditisfarmoreeconomicaltodothisearlyratherthanlateandfinallytechnicalknowledge.Technicaldifficultiesoftenarisefromthesubjective-objectivenatureoftheproblem.Youcandefinetheexcessivespeedofamotor-carintermsofapointerreadingonaspeedometer.Butcanyoudefineexcessivenoiseinthesameway47Youfindthatwithanyexistingsimplenoise-metervehicleswhicharejudgedtobeequallynoisymayshowconsiderabledifferenceonthemeter.Thoughtheidealcurefornoiseistostopitatitssourcethismayinmanycasesbeimpossible.Thenextremedyistoabsorbitonthewaytotheear.48Domesticnoisesmayperhapsbecontrolledbyforethoughtandcourtesyandindustrialnoisesbygoodplanningandtechnicalimprovement.Butifwearegoingtoallowfastmotor-cyclesandheavydiesellorriestopasscontinuouslythroughresidentialandbusinessdistrictsthecommunitymustdecideonthecontrolitneedstoexerciseforinthelongrunithasgottopayforit.49Andifanationistotakepartinmodernairtransportitmustenterintointernationalagreementsonthenoisecontrolmeasuresitwillimposeatitsairports-andherethecostofanyrealcontrolistobemeasuredinmillionsofdollars.Jetenginesmaybemodifiedtoreducetheirnoiselevelorinsulationfromairtrafficnoisemaybeprovidedbythepurchaseoflandaroundairportsortheinsulationofbuildings.50Oneestimateisthat＄5.7billionwouldberequiredtoequipallexistingjetengineswithnoisecontroldevices;howeverconsideringthecurrentstateofthearteventakingthisstepwillnotreducenoiselevelsatallpointstoacceptablevalues.Somecombinationofmethodsisprobablynecessary.
Ifyouleavealoadedweaponlyingarounditisboundtogooffsoonerorlater.Snow-coverednorthernEuropeheardthegunshotloudandclearwhenRussiacutsuppliestoUkrainethisweekaspartofarowaboutmoneyandpowerthetwoeternalbattlegroundsofglobalenergy.FromcentralEuroperightacrosstoFranceontheAtlanticseaboardgassuppliesfellbymorethanone-third.ForyearsEuropeanshadbeentellingthemselvesthatacold-warenemywhichhadsuppliedthemwithoutfailcouldstillbedependedonnowitwasanallyofsorts.Suddenlynobodywasquitesosure. FearingthethreattoitsreputationasasupplierRussiarapidlyrestoredthegasandsettleditsdifferenceswithUkraine.ButitwasanuncomfortableglimpseofthedangersforacontinentthatimportsroughlyhalfitsgasandthatGérardMestralletbossofSuezaFrenchwaterandpowercompanyexpectstobeimporting80%ofitsgasby2030--muchofitfromRussia.ItwasscarcelymorewelcomeforAmericawhichcondemnedRussia’stactics.Andnowonder:itconsumesone-quarteroftheworld’soilbutproducesonly3%ofthestuff.Overthecomingyearstheworld’sdependenceonoillookslikelytoconcentrateontheMiddleEastparticularlySaudiArabia.Russianoilhadseemedausefulalternative. Fearoftheenergyweaponhasalonghistory.Whenproducershadtheupperhandintheoilembargoof1973-74ArabmembersoftheOrganisationofthePetroleumExportingCountriesOPECcutsupplysowingturmoilandaglobalrecession.Whenconsumershadtheupperhandintheearly1990stheembargocuttheotherway.AfterSaddamHusseininvadedKuwaitin1990theworldshutin5mbarrelsadayb/dofproductionfromthetwocountriesinanattempttoforcehimout.Withoilcosting$60abarrelfivetimesmorethanthenominalpricein1999andspotpricesfornaturalgasinsomeEuropeanandAmericanmarketsatornearrecordlevelspowerhasswungbacktotheproducersforthefirsttimesincetheearly1980s.Nobodyknowshowlongtoday’stightmarketswilllast."Ittookusalongtimetogetthereanditwilltakeusalongtimetogetback"saysRobinWestchairmanofPFCEnergyinWashington.Aclutchofalarmistbookswithtitlessuchas"TheDeathofOil"predictthatsolittleoilisleftinthegroundthatproducerswillalwayshavepricingpower.Thequestionishowworriedconsumersshouldbe.WhatarethethreatstoenergysecurityandwhatshouldtheworlddoaboutthemTheanswerssuggestaneedforplanningandacertainamountofgrimrealismbutnotforoutrightpanic. Thewordnowofthefirstparagraphdenotes
Itisoftenobservedthattheagedspendmuchtimethinkingandtalkingabouttheirpastlives1aboutthefuture.Thesereminiscencesarenotsimplyrandomortrivialmemories2istheirpurposemerelytomakeconversation.Theoldperson’srecollectionsofthepasthelpto3anidentitythatisbecomingincreasinglyfragile:4anyrolethatbringsrespectoranygoalthatmightprovide5tothefuturetheindividualmentionshispastasaremindertolistenersthatherewasalife6living.7thememoriesformpartofacontinuinglife8inwhichtheperson9theeventsandexperiencesofthe-yearsgonebyand10ontheoverallmeaningofhisorherownalmostcompletedlife. Asthelifecycle11toitsclosetheagedmustalsolearntoaccepttherealityoftheirownimpendingdeath.12thistaskismadedifficultbythefactthatdeathisalmosta13subjectintheUnitedStates.Themerediscussionofdeathisoftenregardedas14.Asadultsmanyofusfindthetopicfrighteningandare15tothinkaboutit—andcertainlynottotalkaboutit16thepresenceofsomeonewhoisdying.Deathhasachievedthistaboo17onlyinthemodernindustrialsocieties.Thereseemstobeanimportantreasonforourreluctanceto18theideaofdeath.Itistheveryfactthatdeathremains19ourcontrol;itisalmosttheonlyoneofthenaturalprocesses20isso. 9
SaudiArabiatheoilindustry’sswingproducerhasbecomeitsflip-flopper.InFebruaryitpersuadedOPECtocutitstotalproductionquotasbylmbarrelsperdaybpdto23.5masaprecautionagainstanoil-pricecrashthisspring.Thatfearhassincebeenreplacedbyitsopposite.ThepriceofWestTexascrudehit$40lastweekitshighestsincetheeveofthefirstIraqwarpromptingconcernsthathigheroilpricescouldsapthevigourofAmerica’srecoveryandcompoundthefrailtyofEurope’s.OnMondayMay10thAlial-NaimiSaudiArabia’senergyministercalledonOPECtoraisequotasbyatleast1.5mbpdatitsnextmeetingonJune3rd.Thusfarthehighoilpricehasbeenlargelyaconsequenceofgoodthingssuchasastrengtheningworldeconomyratherthanacauseofbadthingssuchasfasterinflationorslowergrowth.China’sburgeoningeconomyguzzledabout6mbpdinthefirstquarterofthisyear15%morethanayearagoaccordingtoGoldmanSachs.DemandwasalsostrongintherestofAsiaexcludingJapangrowingby5.2%to8.lmbpd.AstheyearprogressestheseasonalrhythmsofAmerica’sdriverswilldictatepricesatleastofthelightersweetercrudes.Americanstaketotheroadsenmasseinthesummerandspeculatorsaredrivinguptheoilpricenowinanticipationofpeakdemandinafewmonths’time.UntilrecentlytheriseinthedollarpriceofoilwasoffsetoutsideAmericaandChinabythefallinthedollaritself.Butthecurrencyhasregainedsomegroundinrecentweeksandtheoilpricehascontinuedtorise.Evensotalkofanotheroil-priceshockispremature.ThepriceofoiladjustedforinflationisonlyhalfwhatitwasinDecember1979andtheUnitedStatesnowuseshalfasmuchenergyperdollarofoutputasitdidintheearly1970s.ButifoilcannotshocktheworldeconomyquiteasitusedtoitcanstillgiveitagoodkickwarnsGoldmanSachs.Ifaverageoilpricesfortheyearcomein10%higherthanitforecastitreckonsCDPgrowthintheGroupofSevenCTrichnationswillbereducedby0.3%or$70billion.TheAmericansarecertainlytakingtheissueseriously.JohnSnowtheirtreasurysecretarycalledOPEC’sFebruarydecisionregrettableandtheriseinpricessincethennothelpful.Washingtonpayscloseheedtothemanatthepetrolpumpwhohasseentheaveragepriceofagallonofunleadedpetrolriseby39centsinthepastyear.AndtheSaudissomemutterpaycloseheedtoWashington.BesidesthehighoilpricemayhavefilledSaudicoffersbutithasalsoaffrontedSaudipride.Mr.al-Naimithinksthehighpriceisduetofearsthatsupplymightbedisruptedinthefuture.Thesefearshesaysareunwarranted.ButthehulkingmachineryintheArabiandesertthatkeepsoilflowingroundtheworldpresentsaninvitingtargettoterroristsshouldtheytireofbombingembassiesandnightclubs.OnMay1stgunmenkilledsixpeopleinaSaudiofficeofABBLummusGlobalanAmericanoilcontractor.SuchincidentsaddtotheriskpremiumfactoredintotheoilpriceapremiumthattheSaudistakeasavoteofnoconfidenceintheirkingdomanditsabilitytoguaranteethesupplyofoilinthefaceofterroristthreats.Itisimpliedinthesecondparagraphthat______.
EveryyearFortunemagazinecelebrateswomeninthetopechelonsofcorporateAmericabypublishingalistOfthe50MostPowerfulWomeninBusiness.Theirtitlesareimpressive--CEOchairmanpresident--andphotosportraythemaspolishedandconfident.Whataninspirationtheycouldbetotheyoungwomenfollowingthem.41.Butwhatifthoseyoungwomendon’taspiretoacomerofficeAweekaftertheFortunelistappearedonnewsstandsamajornationalstudyofteenagersrevealedasurprisingfinding-while97percentofgirlspolledexpecttoworktosupportthemselvesortheirfamiliesonly9percentwantcareersinbusiness.Amongboysthefigureis15percent.GirlsofthisgenerationarequiteambitiouswhichisexcitingsaysFionaWilsonaprofessor’*atSimmonsCollegeSchoolofManagementandanauthorofthestudywhichpolledmorethan3000girlsand1200boysinmiddleschoolandhighschool.Shefindsitencouragingthathalfthegirlspreferprofessionssuchasdoctorslawyersandarchitects.We’renotgoingbacktothestereotypeoftheirmothers-generationwherewomenwerethinkingaboutbeingnursesandteachers.42.ButwhydogirlsshyawayfrombusinessThenumberofwomenapplyingtobusinessschoolshasdroppedoff.Bycontrastwomenmakeuphalfthestudentsinmedicalandlawschools.43.Unlikeboysinthestudywhosaytheywanttoearnalotofmoneygirlsplacegreatimportanceonhelpingothersandimprovingsociety.Buttheydon’tseeconnectionsbetweenthosegoalsandbusinesswhichtheyequatewithfinanceandnumbers.Andthey’relessconfidentthanboysabouttheirbusinessrelatedskills.Teengirlsalsoplaceahighvalueonhavingenoughtimetospendwithfamilyandfriends.44.IndescribingbusinessProfessorWilsonsaystheyusedmanyimagesinvolvingstress-imagesaboutdadshavingtomakeconferencecallsonvacationandmomsalwaysbeingtiredwhentheygothomeorcomplainingabouttheirbadbosses.45.Asithappensmothersaretheprimarysourceofcareeradvicefordaughters.Butparentsgoalsareoftenlesswelldefinedforgirlsthanforboys.Mothersexpresstheirhopeandaspirationfordaughtersintermsofwantingthemtobehappyandhavealotofoptionsbuttheydon’ttranslatethatdirectlyintobusinessopportunitiessaysConnieDuckworthheadofTheCommitteeof200anationalwomen’sbusinessleadershipgroupthatcommissionedthestudy.WilsonCallsthelackofwomenatthetopalarming’addingthatthestudydoesn’tofferalotofhopethatfuturegenerationswillswelltheranksofwomeninleadershippositions.[A]Titlesoftheechelon[B]Imagesusedindescribingbusiness[C]Womenstudentinschools[D]Mothersplayanimportantrole[E]Whywomenarenotwillingtochoosebusinesscarrier[F]Asurprisingpoll
热门题库
更多
香港法概论
反间谍法
__学
合同法
证据学
民事诉讼法学
民法学
刑法学
消费者权益保护法
法理学
竞争法
国际公法
国际经济法
农村政策法规
行政法与行政诉讼法
仲裁法学
湘公网安备 43130202000226号