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{{*HTML*}}? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后列出了7个句子请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断如果该句提供的是正确信息请选A如果该句提供的是错误信息请选B如果该句的信息文章中没有提及请选C {{B}}??????? ??????????? ??????WinnersandLosers{{/B}}? ?Whyarethebiggestwinnersinthepastdecadeoftradeglobalization mostlyinSouthandEastAsiawhereasthebiggestlosersaremostlyinthe formerSovietbloc集团andsub-SaharanAfrica?Historyisapartialguide:East Asiahasalongtradingtraditionlatelyreinvigorated给以新的活力bytheChinese adoptionofmarketeconomics.TheSovietUnionontheotherhandwassheltered fromfree-marketforcesformorethan70years.InAfricasomecountriesare disadvantagedbecauseofinadequateinfrastructure基础结构;manycountrieshave littletotradebutcommoditiesthepricesofwhichhavefalleninrecent years.??Insomeregionscertaincountrieshavesufferedby adoptingmisguidedpoliciesoftenunderpressurefromInternationalMonetary Fund.FirstamongtheseisRussiawhichintheearly1990striedtoembrace capitalismbeforefirstbuildingtheinstitutionsthatmakecapitalismwork suchasanindependentbanksystemasystemofbusinesslawandanadequate methodforcollectingtaxes.Encouragedbythe4MFtheWorldBankandtheU.S. DepartmentoftheTreasuryPresidentBorisYeltsin’sregimeprivatizedthe state-ownedindustrialsectorcreatingaclassofoligarchs寡头政治集团成员who knowinghowunstableconditionswereathomesenttheirmoneyabroadinsteadof investingitathome.??IncontrastChinathebiggestwinner fromglobalizationdidnotfollowtheIMFformula.Oftheformerstatesofthe SovietbloconlyafewnotablyPolandandHungarymanagedtogrewwhichthey didbyignoringIMFadviceandadoptingexpansionaryplansincludingspending morethantheycollectedintaxes.BotswanaandUgandaarealsosuccessstories: despitetheirdisadvantagestheircountriesachievedvigorousgrowthby creatingstablecivilsocietiesliberalizingtradeandimplementingreforms thatrancountertoIMFprescriptions.AllAfricancountriesfollowedtheIMFformula.
{{*HTML*}}? ?下面有3篇短文每篇短文后有5道题每道题后面有4个选项请根据文章的内容从每题所给的4个选项中选择1个最佳答案{{B}}第一篇{{/B}} {{B}}??????? ??????????? ????TechnologyTransferinGermany{{/B}}? ?Whenitcomestotranslatingbasicresearchintoindustrialsuccessfew nationscanmatchGermany.Sincethe1940sthenation’svastindustrialbase hasbeenfedwithaconstantstreamofnewideasandexpertisefromscience.And thoughGermanprosperity繁荣hasfaltered衰退overthepastdecadebecauseof thehugecostofunifyingeastandwestaswellastheglobaleconomicdecline itstillhasanenviablerecordforturningideasintoprofit.? ?MuchofthereasonforthatsuccessistheFraunhoferSocietyanetwork ofresearchinstitutesthatexistssolelytosolveindustrialproblemsand createsought-aftertechnologies.ButtodaytheFraunhoferinstituteshave competition.Universitiesaretakinganeverlargerroleintechnologytransfer andtechnologyparksarespringingupallover.Theseeffortsarebeing complementedbythefederalprogrammesforpumpingmoneyintostart-up companies.??Suchastrategymaysoundlikearecipeforeconomic successbutitisnotwithoutitscritics.Thesepeopleworrythatfavouring appliedresearchwillmeanneglectingbasicScienceeventuallystarving industryoffreshideas.Ifeveryscientiststartsthinkinglikean entrepreneur企业家theargumentgoesthenthetraditionalprinciplesof universityresearchbeingcuriosity-drivenfreeandwidelyavailablewill suffer.Othersclaimthatmanyoftheprogrammestopromotetechnologytransfer areawasteofmoneybecausehalfthesmallbusinessesthatarepromotedare boundtogobankruptwithinafewyears.??Whilethisdebate continuesnewideasflowatasteadyratefromGermany’sresearchnetworks whichbearfamousnamessuchasHelmholtzMaxPlanckandLeibniz.Yetitisthe fourthnetworktheFraunhoferSocietythatplaysthegreatestrolein technologytransfer..??Foundedin1949theFraunhoferSocietyis nowEurope’slargestorganisationforappliedtechnologyandhas59institutes employing12000people.Itcontinuestogrow.Lastyearitswallowedupthe HeinrichHertzInstituteforCommunicationTechnologyinBerlin.Todaythere areevenFraunhofersintheUSandAsia.Thewordexpertiseinline3couldbebestreplacedby
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{{*HTML*}}? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个正确的小标题2第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项分别完成每个句子 {{B}}?????????? ??????????? ???StanfordUniversity{{/B}}1?StanfordUniversity famousasoneofnorthernCalifornia’sseveralinstitutionsofhigherlearning issometimescalledtheHarvardoftheWest.TheclosenessofStanfordtoSan Franciscoacitythirty-twomilestothenorthgivestheuniversitya decidedlycosmopolitan世界性的flavor.2?Thestudentsareenrolled mainlyfromthewesternUnitedStates.Butmostofthefiftystatessend studentstoStanfordandmanyforeignstudentsstudyhereaswell.And standardsforadmissionremainhigh.Youngmenandwomenareselectedtoenter theuniversityfromtheupperfifteenpercentoftheirhighschoolclasses.3 ?Notonlybecauseofthehighcaliber素质ofitsstudentsbutalsobecause ofthedesirablelocationandclimateStanfordhasattractedtoitsfaculty someoftheworld’smostrespectedscholars.Theuniversitystaffhasincluded manyNobelprizewinnerssuchasDr.FelixBlochDr.RobertHofstadterandDr. WilliamShockleyinphysicsDr.AuthorKornbergandDr.JoshuaLederbergin medicineandDr.PaulJ.FloryandDr.LinusPaulinginchemistry.TheRussian novelistAleksandrSolzhenistsynhasbeeninresidence.Stanford’sundergraduate schoolofengineeringanditsgraduateschoolsofbusinesslawandmedicine areespeciallywell-regarded.4?WhatisstudentlifelikeonThe Farm?Culturallythecampusisamagnetforbothstudentsandcitizensof nearbycommunities.Playsconcertsandoperasareperformedinthe university’sseveralauditoriumsandinitsoutdoortheaterwheregraduations arealsoheld.Severalfilmseriesarepresentedduringtheschoolyear.Guest lecturersfrompublicandacademiclifefrequentlyappearoncampus.Inthe eveningsmanystudentsgathertosocializeintheStudentUnion’scoffeehouse; herethebeverages饮料andtheatmospherebothhaveadecidedlyEuropean flavor.Forthesports-mindedtheStanfordcampusoffershighlydeveloped athleticfacilities.?Teamsportsswimmingandtrackandfieldactivity areallverymuchpartortheStanfordpicture.Soarebicyclingand jogging.5?Inadditiontofinancialsupportfromalumni校友Stanford receivesgrantsfromthegovernmentandfromprivatephilanthropic慈善的 foundations.Inrecentyearsgovernmentgrantshavemadepossibleadvanced studiesinthefieldsofhistorypsychologyeducationandatomicenergy.At presentStanfordiscarryingoutanambitiousbuildingprogramfinancedinpart bytheFordFoundation’s25milliongrant.Recentlyaddedtothecampusarea newphysicsbuildingnewschoolofbusinessnewgraduateschooloflawnew studentunionandundergraduatelibrary.Manyprofessorsliketoteachinthisuniversitypartlybecausehere______
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面的短文文中有15处空白每处空白给出了4个选项请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案 {{B}} AHealthProfile{{/B}}??Ahealthprofileisa portraitofallofthefactorsthatinfluenceyourhealth.Todrawyourhealth profileyouwill{{U}}?51?{{/U}}whatdiseasesruninyourfamily whathealthhazardsyoumaybeexposedto{{U}}?52?{{/U}}workhow yourdaily{{U}}?53?{{/U}}comparestotherecommendedstandardshow muchtimeperweekyou{{U}}?54?{{/U}}exercisingandwhattypeof exerciseyouengage{{U}}?55?{{/U}}howstressfulyourworkand familyenvironmentsarewhatkindsofillnessesyougetregularlyand {{U}}?56?{{/U}}ornotyouhaveanyoneofanumberofaddictions. {{U}}?57?{{/U}}thisportraityoushouldhaveacheckuptodetermine howyourbloodheartandlungsarefunctioning.Thischeckupwillserve {{U}}?58?{{/U}}abaselinetowhichyoucanthencomparelater tests.??{{U}}?59?{{/U}}thisprofileisthoroughly drawnyoucanbegintothinkaboutsettinghealthpriorities2based {{U}}?60?{{/U}}yourparticularportrait.Forexampleifyoudrinktwo martiniseveryeveninghaveahigh-stress{{U}}?61?{{/U}}are overweightsmokeapackofcigarettesadayandusemarijuanaoccasionallyon weekendsyoushouldquitsmokingfirstfollowed{{U}}?62?{{/U}} losingtheexcessweightreducingthestressofyourjobgivingupyour marihuanahabitandthenfinallygivingsome{{U}}?63?{{/U}}tothose martinisifyouwanttopreventfirstcancerandthenheartdisease.Evenfor theyouthfulworkingpersonwhohasneverbeensickadayinhislifewhois {{U}}?64?{{/U}}excellenthealthagoodlookatallhealthhabitsand atworkandhomeenvironmentsmaysuggestchangesthatwill{{U}}?65 ?{{/U}}himinthefuture.
{{*HTML*}}??阅读下面的短文文中有15处空白每处空白给出了4个选项请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案 {{B}}??????? ??????????? ??????????LessIs More{{/B}}??Itsoundsallwrong—drillingholesinapieceofwood tomakeitmoreresistanttoknocks.Butitworksbecausetheenergyfromthe blowgetsdistributedthroughoutthewoodratherthanfocusingononeweakspot. Thediscoveryshouldleadtomoreeffectiveandlighterpackaging materials.??Carpentershaveknown{{U}}?51 ?{{/U}}centuriesthatsomewoodsaretougherthanothers.Hickory山核桃木for examplewasturnedintoaxehandlesandcartwheelspokes轮辐becauseitcan absorbshockswithoutbreaking.Whiteoakforexampleismuchmoreeasily damaged{{U}}?52?{{/U}}itisalmostasdense.JulianVincentatBathe Universityandhisteamwereconvincedthewood’sinternalstructurecould explainthedifferences.??Manytreeshavetubular管的vessels thatrun{{U}}?53?{{/U}}thetrunkandcarrywatertotheleaves.Inoak theyarelargeandarrangedinnarrowbandsbutinhickorytheyaresmaller andmoreevenlydistributed.Theresearchers{{U}}?54?{{/U}}thislayout mightdistributeablow’senergythroughoutthewoodsoakingupabiggerhit. Totesttheideatheydrilledholes0.65millimetresacrossintoablockof spruce云杉awoodwith{{U}}?55?{{/U}}vesselsandfoundthat{{U}} ?56?{{/U}}withstoodaharderknock.{{U}}?57?{{/U}}when thereweremorethanabout30holespersquarecentimetredidthewood’s performancedropoff.??Auniformsubstancedoesn’tcopewellwith knocksbecauseonlyasmallproportionofthematerialisactually{{U}}?58 ?{{/U}}.Alltheenergyfromtheblowgoestowardsbreakingthematerialin oneortwoplacesbutoftenthepiecesleft{{U}}?59?{{/U}}are pristine未经破坏的.??Butinsteadoftheenergybeingconcentrated inoneplacetheholesprovidemanyweakspotsthatallabsorbenergyasthey breaksaysVincent.Youarecontrollingtheplaces{{U}}?60?{{/U}}the woodbreaksanditcanthenabsorbmore{{U}}?61?{{/U}}moresafely. ??Theresearchersbelievetheprinciplecouldbeappliedtoany material—{{U}}?62?{{/U}}exampletomanufacturelighterandmore protectivepackaging.Itcould{{U}}?63?{{/U}}beusedincarbumpers crashbarriersandarmourformilitaryvehiclessaysUlrikeWegst{{U}} ?64?{{/U}}theMaxPlankInstituteforMentalResearchinStuttgart. Butsheemphasizesthatyou{{U}}?65?{{/U}}todesignthesubstancewith thedirectionofforceinmind.Thedirectionofloadingiscrucialshe says.
{{*HTML*}}? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个正确的小标题2第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项分别完成每个句子 {{B}}?????????? ??????????? ???StanfordUniversity{{/B}}1?StanfordUniversity famousasoneofnorthernCalifornia’sseveralinstitutionsofhigherlearning issometimescalledtheHarvardoftheWest.TheclosenessofStanfordtoSan Franciscoacitythirty-twomilestothenorthgivestheuniversitya decidedlycosmopolitan世界性的flavor.2?Thestudentsareenrolled mainlyfromthewesternUnitedStates.Butmostofthefiftystatessend studentstoStanfordandmanyforeignstudentsstudyhereaswell.And standardsforadmissionremainhigh.Youngmenandwomenareselectedtoenter theuniversityfromtheupperfifteenpercentoftheirhighschoolclasses.3 ?Notonlybecauseofthehighcaliber素质ofitsstudentsbutalsobecause ofthedesirablelocationandclimateStanfordhasattractedtoitsfaculty someoftheworld’smostrespectedscholars.Theuniversitystaffhasincluded manyNobelprizewinnerssuchasDr.FelixBlochDr.RobertHofstadterandDr. WilliamShockleyinphysicsDr.AuthorKornbergandDr.JoshuaLederbergin medicineandDr.PaulJ.FloryandDr.LinusPaulinginchemistry.TheRussian novelistAleksandrSolzhenistsynhasbeeninresidence.Stanford’sundergraduate schoolofengineeringanditsgraduateschoolsofbusinesslawandmedicine areespeciallywell-regarded.4?WhatisstudentlifelikeonThe Farm?Culturallythecampusisamagnetforbothstudentsandcitizensof nearbycommunities.Playsconcertsandoperasareperformedinthe university’sseveralauditoriumsandinitsoutdoortheaterwheregraduations arealsoheld.Severalfilmseriesarepresentedduringtheschoolyear.Guest lecturersfrompublicandacademiclifefrequentlyappearoncampus.Inthe eveningsmanystudentsgathertosocializeintheStudentUnion’scoffeehouse; herethebeverages饮料andtheatmospherebothhaveadecidedlyEuropean flavor.Forthesports-mindedtheStanfordcampusoffershighlydeveloped athleticfacilities.?Teamsportsswimmingandtrackandfieldactivity areallverymuchpartortheStanfordpicture.Soarebicyclingand jogging.5?Inadditiontofinancialsupportfromalumni校友Stanford receivesgrantsfromthegovernmentandfromprivatephilanthropic慈善的 foundations.Inrecentyearsgovernmentgrantshavemadepossibleadvanced studiesinthefieldsofhistorypsychologyeducationandatomicenergy.At presentStanfordiscarryingoutanambitiousbuildingprogramfinancedinpart bytheFordFoundation’s25milliongrant.Recentlyaddedtothecampusarea newphysicsbuildingnewschoolofbusinessnewgraduateschooloflawnew studentunionandundergraduatelibrary.Financialsupportfrombothprivateorganizationsandthegovernmenthasmadepossible______
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面的短文文中有15处空白每处空白给出了4个选项请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案 {{B}} AHealthProfile{{/B}}??Ahealthprofileisa portraitofallofthefactorsthatinfluenceyourhealth.Todrawyourhealth profileyouwill{{U}}?51?{{/U}}whatdiseasesruninyourfamily whathealthhazardsyoumaybeexposedto{{U}}?52?{{/U}}workhow yourdaily{{U}}?53?{{/U}}comparestotherecommendedstandardshow muchtimeperweekyou{{U}}?54?{{/U}}exercisingandwhattypeof exerciseyouengage{{U}}?55?{{/U}}howstressfulyourworkand familyenvironmentsarewhatkindsofillnessesyougetregularlyand {{U}}?56?{{/U}}ornotyouhaveanyoneofanumberofaddictions. {{U}}?57?{{/U}}thisportraityoushouldhaveacheckuptodetermine howyourbloodheartandlungsarefunctioning.Thischeckupwillserve {{U}}?58?{{/U}}abaselinetowhichyoucanthencomparelater tests.??{{U}}?59?{{/U}}thisprofileisthoroughly drawnyoucanbegintothinkaboutsettinghealthpriorities2based {{U}}?60?{{/U}}yourparticularportrait.Forexampleifyoudrinktwo martiniseveryeveninghaveahigh-stress{{U}}?61?{{/U}}are overweightsmokeapackofcigarettesadayandusemarijuanaoccasionallyon weekendsyoushouldquitsmokingfirstfollowed{{U}}?62?{{/U}} losingtheexcessweightreducingthestressofyourjobgivingupyour marihuanahabitandthenfinallygivingsome{{U}}?63?{{/U}}tothose martinisifyouwanttopreventfirstcancerandthenheartdisease.Evenfor theyouthfulworkingpersonwhohasneverbeensickadayinhislifewhois {{U}}?64?{{/U}}excellenthealthagoodlookatallhealthhabitsand atworkandhomeenvironmentsmaysuggestchangesthatwill{{U}}?65 ?{{/U}}himinthefuture.
{{*HTML*}}? ?下面有3篇短文每篇短文后有5道题每道题后面有4个选项请根据文章的内容从每题所给的4个选项中选择1个最佳答案{{B}}第一篇{{/B}} {{B}}??????? ??????????? ????TechnologyTransferinGermany{{/B}}? ?Whenitcomestotranslatingbasicresearchintoindustrialsuccessfew nationscanmatchGermany.Sincethe1940sthenation’svastindustrialbase hasbeenfedwithaconstantstreamofnewideasandexpertisefromscience.And thoughGermanprosperity繁荣hasfaltered衰退overthepastdecadebecauseof thehugecostofunifyingeastandwestaswellastheglobaleconomicdecline itstillhasanenviablerecordforturningideasintoprofit.? ?MuchofthereasonforthatsuccessistheFraunhoferSocietyanetwork ofresearchinstitutesthatexistssolelytosolveindustrialproblemsand createsought-aftertechnologies.ButtodaytheFraunhoferinstituteshave competition.Universitiesaretakinganeverlargerroleintechnologytransfer andtechnologyparksarespringingupallover.Theseeffortsarebeing complementedbythefederalprogrammesforpumpingmoneyintostart-up companies.??Suchastrategymaysoundlikearecipeforeconomic successbutitisnotwithoutitscritics.Thesepeopleworrythatfavouring appliedresearchwillmeanneglectingbasicScienceeventuallystarving industryoffreshideas.Ifeveryscientiststartsthinkinglikean entrepreneur企业家theargumentgoesthenthetraditionalprinciplesof universityresearchbeingcuriosity-drivenfreeandwidelyavailablewill suffer.Othersclaimthatmanyoftheprogrammestopromotetechnologytransfer areawasteofmoneybecausehalfthesmallbusinessesthatarepromotedare boundtogobankruptwithinafewyears.??Whilethisdebate continuesnewideasflowatasteadyratefromGermany’sresearchnetworks whichbearfamousnamessuchasHelmholtzMaxPlanckandLeibniz.Yetitisthe fourthnetworktheFraunhoferSocietythatplaysthegreatestrolein technologytransfer..??Foundedin1949theFraunhoferSocietyis nowEurope’slargestorganisationforappliedtechnologyandhas59institutes employing12000people.Itcontinuestogrow.Lastyearitswallowedupthe HeinrichHertzInstituteforCommunicationTechnologyinBerlin.Todaythere areevenFraunhofersintheUSandAsia.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueoftraditionaluniversityresearch?
{{*HTML*}}??阅读下面的短文文章中有5处空白文章后面有6组文字请根据文章的内容选择 5组文字将其分别放回文章原有位置以恢复文章原貌 {{B}}?????????? ???????WhyWouldTheyFalsely Confess?{{/B}}??Whyonearthwouldaninnocentpersonfalsely confesstocommittingacrime?Tomostpeopleitjustdoesn’tseemlogical.But itislogicalsayexpertsifyouunderstandwhatcanhappeninapolice interrogation审讯room.??Undertherightconditionspeople’s mindsaresusceptible易受影响的toinfluenceandthepressureputonsuspects duringpolicegrillings盘问isenormous.{{U}}?46?{{/U}}Thepressure isimportanttounderstandbecauseotherwiseit’simpossibletounderstandwhy someonewouldsayhedidsomethinghedidn’tdo.Theansweris:toputanendto anuncomfortablesituationthatwillcontinueuntilhedoesconfess.? ?DevelopmentalpsychologistAllisonRedlichrecentlyconductedalaboratory studytodeterminehowlikelypeoplearetoconfesstothingstheydidn’tdo.{{U}} ?47?{{/U}}Theresearchersthenintentionallycrashedthecomputers andaccusedtheparticipantsofhittingthealtkeytoseeiftheywouldsign astatementfalselytakingresponsibility.??Redlich’sfindings clearlydemonstratehoweasyitcanbetogetpeopletofalselyconfess:59 percentoftheyoungadultsintheexperimentimmediatelyconfessed.{{U}} ?48?{{/U}}Ofthe15-to16-year-olds72percentsignedconfessions asdid78percentofthe12-to13-year-olds.??There’sno questionthatyoungpeoplearemoreatrisksaysSaulKassinapsychology professoratWilliamsCollegewhohasdonesimilarstudieswithsimilar results.{{U}}?49?{{/U}}??BothKassinandRedlichnote thattheentireinterrogationintheirexperimentsconsistedofasimple accusation—nothoursofaggressivequestioning—andstillmostparticipants falselyconfessed.??Becauseofthestressofapolice interrogationtheyconcludesuspectscanbecomeconvincedthatfalsely confessingistheeasiestwayoutofabadsituation.{{U}}?50 ?{{/U}}A.Inherexperimentparticipantswereseatedatcomputersand toldnottohitthealtkeybecausedoingsowouldcrashthesystems.B. InsomewayssaysKassinfalseconfessionbecomesarational decision.C.It’salittlelikesomebody’sworkingonthemwithadental 牙齿的drillsaysFranklinZimringalawprofessorattheUniversityof CaliforniaatBerkeley.D.Butadultsarehighlyvulnerabletoo.E.How couldaninnocentpersonadmittodoingsomethinghedidn’tdo?F.Redlich alsofoundthattheyoungertheparticipantthemorelikelyafalse confession.
{{*HTML*}}? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后列出了7个句子请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断如果该句提供的是正确信息请选A如果该句提供的是错误信息请选B如果该句的信息文章中没有提及请选C {{B}}??????? ??????????? ??????WinnersandLosers{{/B}}? ?Whyarethebiggestwinnersinthepastdecadeoftradeglobalization mostlyinSouthandEastAsiawhereasthebiggestlosersaremostlyinthe formerSovietbloc集团andsub-SaharanAfrica?Historyisapartialguide:East Asiahasalongtradingtraditionlatelyreinvigorated给以新的活力bytheChinese adoptionofmarketeconomics.TheSovietUnionontheotherhandwassheltered fromfree-marketforcesformorethan70years.InAfricasomecountriesare disadvantagedbecauseofinadequateinfrastructure基础结构;manycountrieshave littletotradebutcommoditiesthepricesofwhichhavefalleninrecent years.??Insomeregionscertaincountrieshavesufferedby adoptingmisguidedpoliciesoftenunderpressurefromInternationalMonetary Fund.FirstamongtheseisRussiawhichintheearly1990striedtoembrace capitalismbeforefirstbuildingtheinstitutionsthatmakecapitalismwork suchasanindependentbanksystemasystemofbusinesslawandanadequate methodforcollectingtaxes.Encouragedbythe4MFtheWorldBankandtheU.S. DepartmentoftheTreasuryPresidentBorisYeltsin’sregimeprivatizedthe state-ownedindustrialsectorcreatingaclassofoligarchs寡头政治集团成员who knowinghowunstableconditionswereathomesenttheirmoneyabroadinsteadof investingitathome.??IncontrastChinathebiggestwinner fromglobalizationdidnotfollowtheIMFformula.Oftheformerstatesofthe SovietbloconlyafewnotablyPolandandHungarymanagedtogrewwhichthey didbyignoringIMFadviceandadoptingexpansionaryplansincludingspending morethantheycollectedintaxes.BotswanaandUgandaarealsosuccessstories: despitetheirdisadvantagestheircountriesachievedvigorousgrowthby creatingstablecivilsocietiesliberalizingtradeandimplementingreforms thatrancountertoIMFprescriptions.Australiaisoneofthebiggestwinnersfromglobalization.
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{{*HTML*}}??阅读下面的短文文中有15处空白每处空白给出了4个选项请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案 {{B}}??????? ??????????? ??????????LessIs More{{/B}}??Itsoundsallwrong—drillingholesinapieceofwood tomakeitmoreresistanttoknocks.Butitworksbecausetheenergyfromthe blowgetsdistributedthroughoutthewoodratherthanfocusingononeweakspot. Thediscoveryshouldleadtomoreeffectiveandlighterpackaging materials.??Carpentershaveknown{{U}}?51 ?{{/U}}centuriesthatsomewoodsaretougherthanothers.Hickory山核桃木for examplewasturnedintoaxehandlesandcartwheelspokes轮辐becauseitcan absorbshockswithoutbreaking.Whiteoakforexampleismuchmoreeasily damaged{{U}}?52?{{/U}}itisalmostasdense.JulianVincentatBathe Universityandhisteamwereconvincedthewood’sinternalstructurecould explainthedifferences.??Manytreeshavetubular管的vessels thatrun{{U}}?53?{{/U}}thetrunkandcarrywatertotheleaves.Inoak theyarelargeandarrangedinnarrowbandsbutinhickorytheyaresmaller andmoreevenlydistributed.Theresearchers{{U}}?54?{{/U}}thislayout mightdistributeablow’senergythroughoutthewoodsoakingupabiggerhit. Totesttheideatheydrilledholes0.65millimetresacrossintoablockof spruce云杉awoodwith{{U}}?55?{{/U}}vesselsandfoundthat{{U}} ?56?{{/U}}withstoodaharderknock.{{U}}?57?{{/U}}when thereweremorethanabout30holespersquarecentimetredidthewood’s performancedropoff.??Auniformsubstancedoesn’tcopewellwith knocksbecauseonlyasmallproportionofthematerialisactually{{U}}?58 ?{{/U}}.Alltheenergyfromtheblowgoestowardsbreakingthematerialin oneortwoplacesbutoftenthepiecesleft{{U}}?59?{{/U}}are pristine未经破坏的.??Butinsteadoftheenergybeingconcentrated inoneplacetheholesprovidemanyweakspotsthatallabsorbenergyasthey breaksaysVincent.Youarecontrollingtheplaces{{U}}?60?{{/U}}the woodbreaksanditcanthenabsorbmore{{U}}?61?{{/U}}moresafely. ??Theresearchersbelievetheprinciplecouldbeappliedtoany material—{{U}}?62?{{/U}}exampletomanufacturelighterandmore protectivepackaging.Itcould{{U}}?63?{{/U}}beusedincarbumpers crashbarriersandarmourformilitaryvehiclessaysUlrikeWegst{{U}} ?64?{{/U}}theMaxPlankInstituteforMentalResearchinStuttgart. Butsheemphasizesthatyou{{U}}?65?{{/U}}todesignthesubstancewith thedirectionofforceinmind.Thedirectionofloadingiscrucialshe says.
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面的短文文中有15处空白每处空白给出了4个选项请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案 {{B}} AHealthProfile{{/B}}??Ahealthprofileisa portraitofallofthefactorsthatinfluenceyourhealth.Todrawyourhealth profileyouwill{{U}}?51?{{/U}}whatdiseasesruninyourfamily whathealthhazardsyoumaybeexposedto{{U}}?52?{{/U}}workhow yourdaily{{U}}?53?{{/U}}comparestotherecommendedstandardshow muchtimeperweekyou{{U}}?54?{{/U}}exercisingandwhattypeof exerciseyouengage{{U}}?55?{{/U}}howstressfulyourworkand familyenvironmentsarewhatkindsofillnessesyougetregularlyand {{U}}?56?{{/U}}ornotyouhaveanyoneofanumberofaddictions. {{U}}?57?{{/U}}thisportraityoushouldhaveacheckuptodetermine howyourbloodheartandlungsarefunctioning.Thischeckupwillserve {{U}}?58?{{/U}}abaselinetowhichyoucanthencomparelater tests.??{{U}}?59?{{/U}}thisprofileisthoroughly drawnyoucanbegintothinkaboutsettinghealthpriorities2based {{U}}?60?{{/U}}yourparticularportrait.Forexampleifyoudrinktwo martiniseveryeveninghaveahigh-stress{{U}}?61?{{/U}}are overweightsmokeapackofcigarettesadayandusemarijuanaoccasionallyon weekendsyoushouldquitsmokingfirstfollowed{{U}}?62?{{/U}} losingtheexcessweightreducingthestressofyourjobgivingupyour marihuanahabitandthenfinallygivingsome{{U}}?63?{{/U}}tothose martinisifyouwanttopreventfirstcancerandthenheartdisease.Evenfor theyouthfulworkingpersonwhohasneverbeensickadayinhislifewhois {{U}}?64?{{/U}}excellenthealthagoodlookatallhealthhabitsand atworkandhomeenvironmentsmaysuggestchangesthatwill{{U}}?65 ?{{/U}}himinthefuture.
{{*HTML*}}??阅读下面的短文文章中有5处空白文章后面有6组文字请根据文章的内容选择 5组文字将其分别放回文章原有位置以恢复文章原貌 {{B}}?????????? ???????WhyWouldTheyFalsely Confess?{{/B}}??Whyonearthwouldaninnocentpersonfalsely confesstocommittingacrime?Tomostpeopleitjustdoesn’tseemlogical.But itislogicalsayexpertsifyouunderstandwhatcanhappeninapolice interrogation审讯room.??Undertherightconditionspeople’s mindsaresusceptible易受影响的toinfluenceandthepressureputonsuspects duringpolicegrillings盘问isenormous.{{U}}?46?{{/U}}Thepressure isimportanttounderstandbecauseotherwiseit’simpossibletounderstandwhy someonewouldsayhedidsomethinghedidn’tdo.Theansweris:toputanendto anuncomfortablesituationthatwillcontinueuntilhedoesconfess.? ?DevelopmentalpsychologistAllisonRedlichrecentlyconductedalaboratory studytodeterminehowlikelypeoplearetoconfesstothingstheydidn’tdo.{{U}} ?47?{{/U}}Theresearchersthenintentionallycrashedthecomputers andaccusedtheparticipantsofhittingthealtkeytoseeiftheywouldsign astatementfalselytakingresponsibility.??Redlich’sfindings clearlydemonstratehoweasyitcanbetogetpeopletofalselyconfess:59 percentoftheyoungadultsintheexperimentimmediatelyconfessed.{{U}} ?48?{{/U}}Ofthe15-to16-year-olds72percentsignedconfessions asdid78percentofthe12-to13-year-olds.??There’sno questionthatyoungpeoplearemoreatrisksaysSaulKassinapsychology professoratWilliamsCollegewhohasdonesimilarstudieswithsimilar results.{{U}}?49?{{/U}}??BothKassinandRedlichnote thattheentireinterrogationintheirexperimentsconsistedofasimple accusation—nothoursofaggressivequestioning—andstillmostparticipants falselyconfessed.??Becauseofthestressofapolice interrogationtheyconcludesuspectscanbecomeconvincedthatfalsely confessingistheeasiestwayoutofabadsituation.{{U}}?50 ?{{/U}}A.Inherexperimentparticipantswereseatedatcomputersand toldnottohitthealtkeybecausedoingsowouldcrashthesystems.B. InsomewayssaysKassinfalseconfessionbecomesarational decision.C.It’salittlelikesomebody’sworkingonthemwithadental 牙齿的drillsaysFranklinZimringalawprofessorattheUniversityof CaliforniaatBerkeley.D.Butadultsarehighlyvulnerabletoo.E.How couldaninnocentpersonadmittodoingsomethinghedidn’tdo?F.Redlich alsofoundthattheyoungertheparticipantthemorelikelyafalse confession.
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{{*HTML*}}??阅读下面的短文文中有15处空白每处空白给出了4个选项请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案 {{B}}??????? ??????????? ??????????LessIs More{{/B}}??Itsoundsallwrong—drillingholesinapieceofwood tomakeitmoreresistanttoknocks.Butitworksbecausetheenergyfromthe blowgetsdistributedthroughoutthewoodratherthanfocusingononeweakspot. Thediscoveryshouldleadtomoreeffectiveandlighterpackaging materials.??Carpentershaveknown{{U}}?51 ?{{/U}}centuriesthatsomewoodsaretougherthanothers.Hickory山核桃木for examplewasturnedintoaxehandlesandcartwheelspokes轮辐becauseitcan absorbshockswithoutbreaking.Whiteoakforexampleismuchmoreeasily damaged{{U}}?52?{{/U}}itisalmostasdense.JulianVincentatBathe Universityandhisteamwereconvincedthewood’sinternalstructurecould explainthedifferences.??Manytreeshavetubular管的vessels thatrun{{U}}?53?{{/U}}thetrunkandcarrywatertotheleaves.Inoak theyarelargeandarrangedinnarrowbandsbutinhickorytheyaresmaller andmoreevenlydistributed.Theresearchers{{U}}?54?{{/U}}thislayout mightdistributeablow’senergythroughoutthewoodsoakingupabiggerhit. Totesttheideatheydrilledholes0.65millimetresacrossintoablockof spruce云杉awoodwith{{U}}?55?{{/U}}vesselsandfoundthat{{U}} ?56?{{/U}}withstoodaharderknock.{{U}}?57?{{/U}}when thereweremorethanabout30holespersquarecentimetredidthewood’s performancedropoff.??Auniformsubstancedoesn’tcopewellwith knocksbecauseonlyasmallproportionofthematerialisactually{{U}}?58 ?{{/U}}.Alltheenergyfromtheblowgoestowardsbreakingthematerialin oneortwoplacesbutoftenthepiecesleft{{U}}?59?{{/U}}are pristine未经破坏的.??Butinsteadoftheenergybeingconcentrated inoneplacetheholesprovidemanyweakspotsthatallabsorbenergyasthey breaksaysVincent.Youarecontrollingtheplaces{{U}}?60?{{/U}}the woodbreaksanditcanthenabsorbmore{{U}}?61?{{/U}}moresafely. ??Theresearchersbelievetheprinciplecouldbeappliedtoany material—{{U}}?62?{{/U}}exampletomanufacturelighterandmore protectivepackaging.Itcould{{U}}?63?{{/U}}beusedincarbumpers crashbarriersandarmourformilitaryvehiclessaysUlrikeWegst{{U}} ?64?{{/U}}theMaxPlankInstituteforMentalResearchinStuttgart. Butsheemphasizesthatyou{{U}}?65?{{/U}}todesignthesubstancewith thedirectionofforceinmind.Thedirectionofloadingiscrucialshe says.
{{*HTML*}}? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个正确的小标题2第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项分别完成每个句子 {{B}}?????????? ??????????? ???StanfordUniversity{{/B}}1?StanfordUniversity famousasoneofnorthernCalifornia’sseveralinstitutionsofhigherlearning issometimescalledtheHarvardoftheWest.TheclosenessofStanfordtoSan Franciscoacitythirty-twomilestothenorthgivestheuniversitya decidedlycosmopolitan世界性的flavor.2?Thestudentsareenrolled mainlyfromthewesternUnitedStates.Butmostofthefiftystatessend studentstoStanfordandmanyforeignstudentsstudyhereaswell.And standardsforadmissionremainhigh.Youngmenandwomenareselectedtoenter theuniversityfromtheupperfifteenpercentoftheirhighschoolclasses.3 ?Notonlybecauseofthehighcaliber素质ofitsstudentsbutalsobecause ofthedesirablelocationandclimateStanfordhasattractedtoitsfaculty someoftheworld’smostrespectedscholars.Theuniversitystaffhasincluded manyNobelprizewinnerssuchasDr.FelixBlochDr.RobertHofstadterandDr. WilliamShockleyinphysicsDr.AuthorKornbergandDr.JoshuaLederbergin medicineandDr.PaulJ.FloryandDr.LinusPaulinginchemistry.TheRussian novelistAleksandrSolzhenistsynhasbeeninresidence.Stanford’sundergraduate schoolofengineeringanditsgraduateschoolsofbusinesslawandmedicine areespeciallywell-regarded.4?WhatisstudentlifelikeonThe Farm?Culturallythecampusisamagnetforbothstudentsandcitizensof nearbycommunities.Playsconcertsandoperasareperformedinthe university’sseveralauditoriumsandinitsoutdoortheaterwheregraduations arealsoheld.Severalfilmseriesarepresentedduringtheschoolyear.Guest lecturersfrompublicandacademiclifefrequentlyappearoncampus.Inthe eveningsmanystudentsgathertosocializeintheStudentUnion’scoffeehouse; herethebeverages饮料andtheatmospherebothhaveadecidedlyEuropean flavor.Forthesports-mindedtheStanfordcampusoffershighlydeveloped athleticfacilities.?Teamsportsswimmingandtrackandfieldactivity areallverymuchpartortheStanfordpicture.Soarebicyclingand jogging.5?Inadditiontofinancialsupportfromalumni校友Stanford receivesgrantsfromthegovernmentandfromprivatephilanthropic慈善的 foundations.Inrecentyearsgovernmentgrantshavemadepossibleadvanced studiesinthefieldsofhistorypsychologyeducationandatomicenergy.At presentStanfordiscarryingoutanambitiousbuildingprogramfinancedinpart bytheFordFoundation’s25milliongrant.Recentlyaddedtothecampusarea newphysicsbuildingnewschoolofbusinessnewgraduateschooloflawnew studentunionandundergraduatelibrary.Paragraph5______
{{*HTML*}}? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后列出了7个句子请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断如果该句提供的是正确信息请选A如果该句提供的是错误信息请选B如果该句的信息文章中没有提及请选C {{B}}??????? ??????????? ??????WinnersandLosers{{/B}}? ?Whyarethebiggestwinnersinthepastdecadeoftradeglobalization mostlyinSouthandEastAsiawhereasthebiggestlosersaremostlyinthe formerSovietbloc集团andsub-SaharanAfrica?Historyisapartialguide:East Asiahasalongtradingtraditionlatelyreinvigorated给以新的活力bytheChinese adoptionofmarketeconomics.TheSovietUnionontheotherhandwassheltered fromfree-marketforcesformorethan70years.InAfricasomecountriesare disadvantagedbecauseofinadequateinfrastructure基础结构;manycountrieshave littletotradebutcommoditiesthepricesofwhichhavefalleninrecent years.??Insomeregionscertaincountrieshavesufferedby adoptingmisguidedpoliciesoftenunderpressurefromInternationalMonetary Fund.FirstamongtheseisRussiawhichintheearly1990striedtoembrace capitalismbeforefirstbuildingtheinstitutionsthatmakecapitalismwork suchasanindependentbanksystemasystemofbusinesslawandanadequate methodforcollectingtaxes.Encouragedbythe4MFtheWorldBankandtheU.S. DepartmentoftheTreasuryPresidentBorisYeltsin’sregimeprivatizedthe state-ownedindustrialsectorcreatingaclassofoligarchs寡头政治集团成员who knowinghowunstableconditionswereathomesenttheirmoneyabroadinsteadof investingitathome.??IncontrastChinathebiggestwinner fromglobalizationdidnotfollowtheIMFformula.Oftheformerstatesofthe SovietbloconlyafewnotablyPolandandHungarymanagedtogrewwhichthey didbyignoringIMFadviceandadoptingexpansionaryplansincludingspending morethantheycollectedintaxes.BotswanaandUgandaarealsosuccessstories: despitetheirdisadvantagestheircountriesachievedvigorousgrowthby creatingstablecivilsocietiesliberalizingtradeandimplementingreforms thatrancountertoIMFprescriptions.ManyhighofficialsinRussiahavemuchbenefitedfromprivatization.
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{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第二篇{{/B}} {{B}}??????? ??????????? ?????????Star Quality{{/B}}??Anewanti-cheatingsystemforcountingthejudges’ scoresiniceskatingisflawedaccordingtoleadingsportsspecialists.Ice skating’sgoverningbodyannouncedthenewruleslastweekafterconcernsthata judgeattheWinterOlympicsmayhavebeenunfairlyinfluenced.? ?Initiallythejudgesinthepairsfigure-skatingeventattheWinter OlympicsinSaltLakeCityvoted5to4togivethegoldmedaltoaRussian paireventhoughtheyhadafallduringtheirroutine.ButtheInternational SkatingUnionsuspendedtheFrenchjudgeforfailingtorevealthatshehadbeen putunderpressuretovotefortheRussians.TheInternationalOlympics CommitteethendecidedtogiveasecondgoldtotheCanadianrunners-up 亚军.??TheISUskating’sgoverningbodynowsaysitintendsto changetherules.Infuture14judgeswilljudgeeacheventbutonly7oftheir scores—selectedatrandom—willcount.??TheISUwon’tfinally approvethenewsystemuntilitmeetsinJunebutalreadyUKSporttheBritish Government’ssportsbodyhasexpressedreservations.1remaintobeconvinced thattherandomselectionsystemwouldoffertheguaranteesthateveryone concernedwithethicalsportislookingforsaysJerryBinghamUKSport’s headofethics伦理.??Arandomsystemcanstillbemanipulated saysMarkDixonaspecialistonsportsstatisticsfromtheRoyalStatistical SocietyinLondon.Thescoreofoneortwojudgeswhohavebeenhobbled受到贿赂 maystillbeinthesevenselected.??Manyethersportsthathave judgesincludingdivinggymnasticsandsynchronizedswimminghaveasystem thatdiscardsthehighestandlowestscores;Ifajudgewasunderpressureto favouraparticularteamtheywouldtendtogiveitveryhighscoresandmark downtheoppositionteamsotheirscoreswouldn’tcount.Itworksfordiving saysJeffCookamemberoftheinternationalgovernmentbody’stechnical committee.Ifyouremovethoseatthetopandbottomyou’releftwiththosein themiddlesoyou’regettingareasonableaverage.??Sincethe 2000OlympicsinSydneydivinghastightenedupinitssystemstillfurther. Twoseparatepanelsofjudgesscoredifferentroundsofdivingduringtop competitions.Neitherpanelknowsthescoresgivenbytheother.Wehaveclone thistoheadoffanysuggestionofbiassaysCook.??Bingham urgedtheISUtoconsiderotheroptions.Thisshouldinvolveexaminingtheway inwhichothersportsdealwiththeproblemofadjudicating裁定onmatterof styleandpresentationhesays.TheattitudeofthoseconcernedintheUKtothenewrulesproposedbyISUcanbebestdescribedas
{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第三篇{{/B}} {{B}}??????? ??????????? ???EatMoreWeighLessLiveLonger{{/B}}??Clever geneticdetectiveworkmayhavefoundoutthereasonwhyanear-starvationdiet prolongsthelifeofmanyanimals.??RonaldKahnatHarvard MedicalSchoolinBostonUSandhiscolleagueshavebeenabletoextendthe lifespan寿命ofmiceby18percentbyblockingtherodent’s啮齿动物increaseof fatinspecificcells.Thissuggeststhatthinness—andnotnecessarily diet—promoteslonglifeincalorie热量卡restrictedanimals.? ?It’sverycoalworksaysagingresearcherCynthiaKenyonofthe UniversityofCaliforniaSanFrancisco.Thesemiceeatalltheywantlose weightandlivelonger.It’slikeheaven.??Calorierestriction .dramaticallyextendsthelifespanoforganismsasdifferentaswormsand rodents.Whetherthisworksinhumansisstillunknownpartlybecausefew peoplearewillingtosubmittosuchastrictdiet.??Butmany researchershopetheywillbeabletotriggerthesameeffectwithadrugonce theyunderstandhowless.foodleadstoalongerlife.Onetheoryisthateating lessreducestheincreaseofharmfulthingsthatcandamagecells.Butkahn’s teamwonderedwhethertheanimalssimplybenefitbybecomingthin:? ?Tofindouttheyusedbiologytrickstodisrupttheinsulin胰岛素 receptor受体geneinlabmice—butonlyintheirfatcells.Sinceinsulinis neededtohelpfatcellsstorefattheseanimalswereprotectedagainst becomingfatexplainsKahn.??Thisslightgeneticchangeina singletissuehaddramaticeffects.BythreemonthsofageKahn’smodifiedmice hadupto70percentlessbodyfatthannormalcontrolmicedespitethefact thattheyate55percentmorefoodpergramofbodyweight.??In additiontheirlifespanincreased.Theaveragecontrolmouselived753days whilethethinrodentsaveragedalifespanof887days.Afterthreeyearsall thecontrolmicehaddiedbutone-quarterofthemodifiedrodentswerestill alive.??Thattheygettheseeffectsbyjustmanipulatingthefat cellsiscontroversialsaysLeonardGuarenteoftheMassachusettsInstituteof Technologywhostudiescalorierestrictionandaging..??But GuarentesaysKahnhasyettoprovethatthesameeffectisresponsiblefor increasedlifespanincalorie-restrictedanimals.Itmightbethesameeffect ortheremightbetworoutestolonglifehepointsoutandthatwouldbe veryinteresting.RonaldKahnandhiscolleaguescanmakemicelivelongerby
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{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第二篇{{/B}} {{B}}??????? ??????????? ?????????Star Quality{{/B}}??Anewanti-cheatingsystemforcountingthejudges’ scoresiniceskatingisflawedaccordingtoleadingsportsspecialists.Ice skating’sgoverningbodyannouncedthenewruleslastweekafterconcernsthata judgeattheWinterOlympicsmayhavebeenunfairlyinfluenced.? ?Initiallythejudgesinthepairsfigure-skatingeventattheWinter OlympicsinSaltLakeCityvoted5to4togivethegoldmedaltoaRussian paireventhoughtheyhadafallduringtheirroutine.ButtheInternational SkatingUnionsuspendedtheFrenchjudgeforfailingtorevealthatshehadbeen putunderpressuretovotefortheRussians.TheInternationalOlympics CommitteethendecidedtogiveasecondgoldtotheCanadianrunners-up 亚军.??TheISUskating’sgoverningbodynowsaysitintendsto changetherules.Infuture14judgeswilljudgeeacheventbutonly7oftheir scores—selectedatrandom—willcount.??TheISUwon’tfinally approvethenewsystemuntilitmeetsinJunebutalreadyUKSporttheBritish Government’ssportsbodyhasexpressedreservations.1remaintobeconvinced thattherandomselectionsystemwouldoffertheguaranteesthateveryone concernedwithethicalsportislookingforsaysJerryBinghamUKSport’s headofethics伦理.??Arandomsystemcanstillbemanipulated saysMarkDixonaspecialistonsportsstatisticsfromtheRoyalStatistical SocietyinLondon.Thescoreofoneortwojudgeswhohavebeenhobbled受到贿赂 maystillbeinthesevenselected.??Manyethersportsthathave judgesincludingdivinggymnasticsandsynchronizedswimminghaveasystem thatdiscardsthehighestandlowestscores;Ifajudgewasunderpressureto favouraparticularteamtheywouldtendtogiveitveryhighscoresandmark downtheoppositionteamsotheirscoreswouldn’tcount.Itworksfordiving saysJeffCookamemberoftheinternationalgovernmentbody’stechnical committee.Ifyouremovethoseatthetopandbottomyou’releftwiththosein themiddlesoyou’regettingareasonableaverage.??Sincethe 2000OlympicsinSydneydivinghastightenedupinitssystemstillfurther. Twoseparatepanelsofjudgesscoredifferentroundsofdivingduringtop competitions.Neitherpanelknowsthescoresgivenbytheother.Wehaveclone thistoheadoffanysuggestionofbiassaysCook.??Bingham urgedtheISUtoconsiderotheroptions.Thisshouldinvolveexaminingtheway inwhichothersportsdealwiththeproblemofadjudicating裁定onmatterof styleandpresentationhesays.AccordingtothenewrulesproposedbytheISUwhichofthefollowingisright?
{{*HTML*}}? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个正确的小标题2第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项分别完成每个句子 {{B}}?????????? ??????????? ???StanfordUniversity{{/B}}1?StanfordUniversity famousasoneofnorthernCalifornia’sseveralinstitutionsofhigherlearning issometimescalledtheHarvardoftheWest.TheclosenessofStanfordtoSan Franciscoacitythirty-twomilestothenorthgivestheuniversitya decidedlycosmopolitan世界性的flavor.2?Thestudentsareenrolled mainlyfromthewesternUnitedStates.Butmostofthefiftystatessend studentstoStanfordandmanyforeignstudentsstudyhereaswell.And standardsforadmissionremainhigh.Youngmenandwomenareselectedtoenter theuniversityfromtheupperfifteenpercentoftheirhighschoolclasses.3 ?Notonlybecauseofthehighcaliber素质ofitsstudentsbutalsobecause ofthedesirablelocationandclimateStanfordhasattractedtoitsfaculty someoftheworld’smostrespectedscholars.Theuniversitystaffhasincluded manyNobelprizewinnerssuchasDr.FelixBlochDr.RobertHofstadterandDr. WilliamShockleyinphysicsDr.AuthorKornbergandDr.JoshuaLederbergin medicineandDr.PaulJ.FloryandDr.LinusPaulinginchemistry.TheRussian novelistAleksandrSolzhenistsynhasbeeninresidence.Stanford’sundergraduate schoolofengineeringanditsgraduateschoolsofbusinesslawandmedicine areespeciallywell-regarded.4?WhatisstudentlifelikeonThe Farm?Culturallythecampusisamagnetforbothstudentsandcitizensof nearbycommunities.Playsconcertsandoperasareperformedinthe university’sseveralauditoriumsandinitsoutdoortheaterwheregraduations arealsoheld.Severalfilmseriesarepresentedduringtheschoolyear.Guest lecturersfrompublicandacademiclifefrequentlyappearoncampus.Inthe eveningsmanystudentsgathertosocializeintheStudentUnion’scoffeehouse; herethebeverages饮料andtheatmospherebothhaveadecidedlyEuropean flavor.Forthesports-mindedtheStanfordcampusoffershighlydeveloped athleticfacilities.?Teamsportsswimmingandtrackandfieldactivity areallverymuchpartortheStanfordpicture.Soarebicyclingand jogging.5?Inadditiontofinancialsupportfromalumni校友Stanford receivesgrantsfromthegovernmentandfromprivatephilanthropic慈善的 foundations.Inrecentyearsgovernmentgrantshavemadepossibleadvanced studiesinthefieldsofhistorypsychologyeducationandatomicenergy.At presentStanfordiscarryingoutanambitiousbuildingprogramfinancedinpart bytheFordFoundation’s25milliongrant.Recentlyaddedtothecampusarea newphysicsbuildingnewschoolofbusinessnewgraduateschooloflawnew studentunionandundergraduatelibrary.Paragraph3______
{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第三篇{{/B}} {{B}}??????? ??????????? ???EatMoreWeighLessLiveLonger{{/B}}??Clever geneticdetectiveworkmayhavefoundoutthereasonwhyanear-starvationdiet prolongsthelifeofmanyanimals.??RonaldKahnatHarvard MedicalSchoolinBostonUSandhiscolleagueshavebeenabletoextendthe lifespan寿命ofmiceby18percentbyblockingtherodent’s啮齿动物increaseof fatinspecificcells.Thissuggeststhatthinness—andnotnecessarily diet—promoteslonglifeincalorie热量卡restrictedanimals.? ?It’sverycoalworksaysagingresearcherCynthiaKenyonofthe UniversityofCaliforniaSanFrancisco.Thesemiceeatalltheywantlose weightandlivelonger.It’slikeheaven.??Calorierestriction .dramaticallyextendsthelifespanoforganismsasdifferentaswormsand rodents.Whetherthisworksinhumansisstillunknownpartlybecausefew peoplearewillingtosubmittosuchastrictdiet.??Butmany researchershopetheywillbeabletotriggerthesameeffectwithadrugonce theyunderstandhowless.foodleadstoalongerlife.Onetheoryisthateating lessreducestheincreaseofharmfulthingsthatcandamagecells.Butkahn’s teamwonderedwhethertheanimalssimplybenefitbybecomingthin:? ?Tofindouttheyusedbiologytrickstodisrupttheinsulin胰岛素 receptor受体geneinlabmice—butonlyintheirfatcells.Sinceinsulinis neededtohelpfatcellsstorefattheseanimalswereprotectedagainst becomingfatexplainsKahn.??Thisslightgeneticchangeina singletissuehaddramaticeffects.BythreemonthsofageKahn’smodifiedmice hadupto70percentlessbodyfatthannormalcontrolmicedespitethefact thattheyate55percentmorefoodpergramofbodyweight.??In additiontheirlifespanincreased.Theaveragecontrolmouselived753days whilethethinrodentsaveragedalifespanof887days.Afterthreeyearsall thecontrolmicehaddiedbutone-quarterofthemodifiedrodentswerestill alive.??Thattheygettheseeffectsbyjustmanipulatingthefat cellsiscontroversialsaysLeonardGuarenteoftheMassachusettsInstituteof Technologywhostudiescalorierestrictionandaging..??But GuarentesaysKahnhasyettoprovethatthesameeffectisresponsiblefor increasedlifespanincalorie-restrictedanimals.Itmightbethesameeffect ortheremightbetworoutestolonglifehepointsoutandthatwouldbe veryinteresting.Whatdoesthelastsentenceinthethirdparagraphimply?
{{*HTML*}}? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后列出了7个句子请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断如果该句提供的是正确信息请选A如果该句提供的是错误信息请选B如果该句的信息文章中没有提及请选C {{B}}??????? ??????????? ??????WinnersandLosers{{/B}}? ?Whyarethebiggestwinnersinthepastdecadeoftradeglobalization mostlyinSouthandEastAsiawhereasthebiggestlosersaremostlyinthe formerSovietbloc集团andsub-SaharanAfrica?Historyisapartialguide:East Asiahasalongtradingtraditionlatelyreinvigorated给以新的活力bytheChinese adoptionofmarketeconomics.TheSovietUnionontheotherhandwassheltered fromfree-marketforcesformorethan70years.InAfricasomecountriesare disadvantagedbecauseofinadequateinfrastructure基础结构;manycountrieshave littletotradebutcommoditiesthepricesofwhichhavefalleninrecent years.??Insomeregionscertaincountrieshavesufferedby adoptingmisguidedpoliciesoftenunderpressurefromInternationalMonetary Fund.FirstamongtheseisRussiawhichintheearly1990striedtoembrace capitalismbeforefirstbuildingtheinstitutionsthatmakecapitalismwork suchasanindependentbanksystemasystemofbusinesslawandanadequate methodforcollectingtaxes.Encouragedbythe4MFtheWorldBankandtheU.S. DepartmentoftheTreasuryPresidentBorisYeltsin’sregimeprivatizedthe state-ownedindustrialsectorcreatingaclassofoligarchs寡头政治集团成员who knowinghowunstableconditionswereathomesenttheirmoneyabroadinsteadof investingitathome.??IncontrastChinathebiggestwinner fromglobalizationdidnotfollowtheIMFformula.Oftheformerstatesofthe SovietbloconlyafewnotablyPolandandHungarymanagedtogrewwhichthey didbyignoringIMFadviceandadoptingexpansionaryplansincludingspending morethantheycollectedintaxes.BotswanaandUgandaarealsosuccessstories: despitetheirdisadvantagestheircountriesachievedvigorousgrowthby creatingstablecivilsocietiesliberalizingtradeandimplementingreforms thatrancountertoIMFprescriptions.Japanhasalongtradingtradition.
{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第三篇{{/B}} {{B}}??????? ??????????? ???EatMoreWeighLessLiveLonger{{/B}}??Clever geneticdetectiveworkmayhavefoundoutthereasonwhyanear-starvationdiet prolongsthelifeofmanyanimals.??RonaldKahnatHarvard MedicalSchoolinBostonUSandhiscolleagueshavebeenabletoextendthe lifespan寿命ofmiceby18percentbyblockingtherodent’s啮齿动物increaseof fatinspecificcells.Thissuggeststhatthinness—andnotnecessarily diet—promoteslonglifeincalorie热量卡restrictedanimals.? ?It’sverycoalworksaysagingresearcherCynthiaKenyonofthe UniversityofCaliforniaSanFrancisco.Thesemiceeatalltheywantlose weightandlivelonger.It’slikeheaven.??Calorierestriction .dramaticallyextendsthelifespanoforganismsasdifferentaswormsand rodents.Whetherthisworksinhumansisstillunknownpartlybecausefew peoplearewillingtosubmittosuchastrictdiet.??Butmany researchershopetheywillbeabletotriggerthesameeffectwithadrugonce theyunderstandhowless.foodleadstoalongerlife.Onetheoryisthateating lessreducestheincreaseofharmfulthingsthatcandamagecells.Butkahn’s teamwonderedwhethertheanimalssimplybenefitbybecomingthin:? ?Tofindouttheyusedbiologytrickstodisrupttheinsulin胰岛素 receptor受体geneinlabmice—butonlyintheirfatcells.Sinceinsulinis neededtohelpfatcellsstorefattheseanimalswereprotectedagainst becomingfatexplainsKahn.??Thisslightgeneticchangeina singletissuehaddramaticeffects.BythreemonthsofageKahn’smodifiedmice hadupto70percentlessbodyfatthannormalcontrolmicedespitethefact thattheyate55percentmorefoodpergramofbodyweight.??In additiontheirlifespanincreased.Theaveragecontrolmouselived753days whilethethinrodentsaveragedalifespanof887days.Afterthreeyearsall thecontrolmicehaddiedbutone-quarterofthemodifiedrodentswerestill alive.??Thattheygettheseeffectsbyjustmanipulatingthefat cellsiscontroversialsaysLeonardGuarenteoftheMassachusettsInstituteof Technologywhostudiescalorierestrictionandaging..??But GuarentesaysKahnhasyettoprovethatthesameeffectisresponsiblefor increasedlifespanincalorie-restrictedanimals.Itmightbethesameeffect ortheremightbetworoutestolonglifehepointsoutandthatwouldbe veryinteresting.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassageabouttheroutetolonglife?
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