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In the end, a degree of sanity prevailed. The militant Hindus who had vowed to breach a police cordo...
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Directions:YouaresupposedtogetanMAdegreethissemest
Directions:YouaregoingtostudyattheUniversityofCard
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Directions: YouaresupposedtogetanMAdegreethisseme
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AnalystshavetheirgoathumorandIhavereadsomeofthisinterpretativeliterature1withoutbeinggreatlyinstructed.Humorcanbe23afrogcanbutthethingdiesintheprocessandtheinnardsare4toanybutthepurescientificmind. Oneofthethings5saidabouthumoristsisthattheyarereallyverysad’peopleclownswithabreakingheart.Thereissometruthinitbutitisbadly6.Itwouldbemore7Ithinktosaythatthereisadeepveinofmelancholyrunningthrougheveryone’slifeandthatthehumoristperhapsmore8ofitthansomeotherscompensatesforitactivelyand9Humoristsfattenontroubles.Theyhavealwaysmadetrouble10Theystrugglealongwithagoodwillandendurepain11knowinghowwellitwill12theminthesweetbyandby.Youfindthemwrestlingwithforeignlanguagesfightingfoldingironinghoardsand’swollendrainpipessufferingtheterrible13oftightboots.Theypourouttheirsorrowsprofitablyina14ofwhatisnotquitefictionnorquitefacteither.Beneaththesparkingsurfaceofthesedilemmasflowsthestrong15ofhumanwoe. Practicallyeveryoneisamanicdepressiveofsortswithhisupmomentsandhisdownmomentsandyoucertainlydon’thavetobeahumoristto16thesadnessofsituationandmood.Butthereisoftenaratherfinelinebetweenlaughingandcryingandifahumorouspieceofwritingbringsapersontothepoint17hisemotionalresponsesareuntrustworthyandseemlikelytobreakoverintotheoppositerealmitis18humorlikepoetryhasanextracontentitplays19tothebighotfirewhichisTruthandsometimesthereaderfeelsthe20. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCandDonANSWERSHEET1.11
AnalystshavetheirgoathumorandIhavereadsomeofthisinterpretativeliterature1withoutbeinggreatlyinstructed.Humorcanbe23afrogcanbutthethingdiesintheprocessandtheinnardsare4toanybutthepurescientificmind. Oneofthethings5saidabouthumoristsisthattheyarereallyverysad’peopleclownswithabreakingheart.Thereissometruthinitbutitisbadly6.Itwouldbemore7Ithinktosaythatthereisadeepveinofmelancholyrunningthrougheveryone’slifeandthatthehumoristperhapsmore8ofitthansomeotherscompensatesforitactivelyand9Humoristsfattenontroubles.Theyhavealwaysmadetrouble10Theystrugglealongwithagoodwillandendurepain11knowinghowwellitwill12theminthesweetbyandby.Youfindthemwrestlingwithforeignlanguagesfightingfoldingironinghoardsand’swollendrainpipessufferingtheterrible13oftightboots.Theypourouttheirsorrowsprofitablyina14ofwhatisnotquitefictionnorquitefacteither.Beneaththesparkingsurfaceofthesedilemmasflowsthestrong15ofhumanwoe. Practicallyeveryoneisamanicdepressiveofsortswithhisupmomentsandhisdownmomentsandyoucertainlydon’thavetobeahumoristto16thesadnessofsituationandmood.Butthereisoftenaratherfinelinebetweenlaughingandcryingandifahumorouspieceofwritingbringsapersontothepoint17hisemotionalresponsesareuntrustworthyandseemlikelytobreakoverintotheoppositerealmitis18humorlikepoetryhasanextracontentitplays19tothebighotfirewhichisTruthandsometimesthereaderfeelsthe20. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCandDonANSWERSHEET1.9
Thedaywasstar-crossed:Fridaythe13thinthemonthofOctoberontheeveofthesecondloominganniversaryofadevastatingmarketcrash.I’mtellingyoupsychologyisreallyfunny.PeoplegetcrazyinsituationslikethatsaidportfoliostrategistElaineGarzarelli.LastweekFridaythe13thliveduptoitsfrightfulreputation.AfterdriftingloweratasleepypaceformostofthedaytheDowJonesindustrialaverageabruptlylurchedintoahair-raisingskydiveinthefinalhouroftrading.TheBushAdministrationmovedswiftlytoavertanysenseofcrisisafterthemarketclosed.DeclaredTreasurySecretaryNicholasBrady:It’simportanttorecognizethattoday’sstockmarketdeclinedoesn’tsignalanyfundamentalchangeintheconditionoftheeconomy.Theeconomyremainswellbalancedandtheoutlookisforcontinuedmoderategrowth.ButMassachusettsDemocratEdwardMarkeywhochairsaHousesubcommitteeontelecommunicationsandfinancevowedtoholdhearingsthisweekonthestockmarketslide.Saidhe:Thisisthesecondheartattack.Myhopeisthatbeforewehavetheinevitablethirdheartattackwepayattentiontotheseproblems.Expertsfoundnoshortageofculpritstoblameforthelatestshipwreck.AseriesofdownbeatrealizationsconvergedonFridayrangingfromsignsofanewburstofinflationtosaggingcorporateprofitstotroublesinthejunk-bondmarketthathasfueledmajortakeovers.Thesingulareventthatshookinvestorswasthefalteringofa$6.75billionlabormanagementbuyoutofUALtheparentcompanyofUnitedAirlinesthesecondlargestU.S.carrier.OnonepointmostthoughtfulWallStreetersagreed:themarkethadreachedsuchdizzyingheightsthatacorrectionofsomesortseemedalmostinevitable.Propelledbyfavorableeconomicnewsandawaveofmultibillion-dollartakeoversstockshadsoaredmorethan1000pointssincethe1987crash.ButbylastAugustsomeWallstreeterswereclearlyworried.TheheaviestblowtothemarketcameFridayafternoon.Inathree-paragraphstatementUALsaidalabor-managementgroupheadedbyChairmanStephenWolfhadfailedtogetenoughfinancingtoacquireUnited.Severalbankshadapparentlybalkedatthedealwhichwastobepartlyfinancedthroughjunkbonds.Thetake-overgroupsaiditwouldsubmitarevisedbidinthenearterm’buttheannouncementstunnedinvestorswhohadcometoviewtheUniteddealasthelatestsurethinginthe1980sbuyoutbinge.SaidJohnDowneyatraderattheChicagoBoardOptionsExchange:Theairlinestockshavelookedlikeattractivetakeovertargets.ButwiththeUniteddealintroubleeveryonestartedtowonderwhatotherdealsmightnotgothrough./Whatdoesthewritersayofthestockmarketdecline
Thedaywasstar-crossed:Fridaythe13thinthemonthofOctoberontheeveofthesecondloominganniversaryofadevastatingmarketcrash.I’mtellingyoupsychologyisreallyfunny.PeoplegetcrazyinsituationslikethatsaidportfoliostrategistElaineGarzarelli.LastweekFridaythe13thliveduptoitsfrightfulreputation.AfterdriftingloweratasleepypaceformostofthedaytheDowJonesindustrialaverageabruptlylurchedintoahair-raisingskydiveinthefinalhouroftrading.TheBushAdministrationmovedswiftlytoavertanysenseofcrisisafterthemarketclosed.DeclaredTreasurySecretaryNicholasBrady:It’simportanttorecognizethattoday’sstockmarketdeclinedoesn’tsignalanyfundamentalchangeintheconditionoftheeconomy.Theeconomyremainswellbalancedandtheoutlookisforcontinuedmoderategrowth.ButMassachusettsDemocratEdwardMarkeywhochairsaHousesubcommitteeontelecommunicationsandfinancevowedtoholdhearingsthisweekonthestockmarketslide.Saidhe:Thisisthesecondheartattack.Myhopeisthatbeforewehavetheinevitablethirdheartattackwepayattentiontotheseproblems.Expertsfoundnoshortageofculpritstoblameforthelatestshipwreck.AseriesofdownbeatrealizationsconvergedonFridayrangingfromsignsofanewburstofinflationtosaggingcorporateprofitstotroublesinthejunk-bondmarketthathasfueledmajortakeovers.Thesingulareventthatshookinvestorswasthefalteringofa$6.75billionlabormanagementbuyoutofUALtheparentcompanyofUnitedAirlinesthesecondlargestU.S.carrier.OnonepointmostthoughtfulWallStreetersagreed:themarkethadreachedsuchdizzyingheightsthatacorrectionofsomesortseemedalmostinevitable.Propelledbyfavorableeconomicnewsandawaveofmultibillion-dollartakeoversstockshadsoaredmorethan1000pointssincethe1987crash.ButbylastAugustsomeWallstreeterswereclearlyworried.TheheaviestblowtothemarketcameFridayafternoon.Inathree-paragraphstatementUALsaidalabor-managementgroupheadedbyChairmanStephenWolfhadfailedtogetenoughfinancingtoacquireUnited.Severalbankshadapparentlybalkedatthedealwhichwastobepartlyfinancedthroughjunkbonds.Thetake-overgroupsaiditwouldsubmitarevisedbidinthenearterm’buttheannouncementstunnedinvestorswhohadcometoviewtheUniteddealasthelatestsurethinginthe1980sbuyoutbinge.SaidJohnDowneyatraderattheChicagoBoardOptionsExchange:Theairlinestockshavelookedlikeattractivetakeovertargets.ButwiththeUniteddealintroubleeveryonestartedtowonderwhatotherdealsmightnotgothrough./WhenmentioningthelatestshipwreckPara.3theauthoristalkingabout
Anynormalspecieswouldbedelightedattheprospectofcloning.NomorenastysurpriseslikesicklecellorDownsyndrome--justbatchafterbatchofhigh-gradeandgeneticallyspeakingimmortaloffspring!ButrepresentativesofthehumanspeciesarerespondingasifsomeonehadproposedaddingSatanismtothegrade-schoolCurriculum.Suddenlyperfectlysecularfolksarethrowingaroundwordslikesanctityandretrievingmedieval-eraargumentsagainsttheprideofscience.Noonehasproposedburninghimatthestakebutthepoorfellowwhoinducedahumanembryotodoubleitselfhasvirtuallyrecantedproclaiminghisreverenceforhumanlifeinavoicethismagazinereportedchokingwithemotion.Thereisanelementofhypocrisytomuchoftheanti-cloningfurororifnothypocrisysuperstition.Thefactiswearealreadywelldownthepathleadingtogeneticmanipulationofthecreepiestsort.Life-formscanbepatentedwhichmeanstheycanbeboughtandsoldandpotentiallytradedonthecommoditiesmarkets.Humanembryosarelife-formsandthereisnothingtostopanyonefrommarketingthemnowonthesameshelfwiththeCabbagePatchdolls.Infactanyculturethatencouragesinvitrofertilizationhasnorighttocomplainaboutamarketinembryos.Theassumptionbehindtheinvitroindustryisthatsomepeople’sgeneticmaterialisworthmorethanothers’anddeservestobereproducedatanyexpense.Millionsoflow-incomebabiesdieeveryyearfrompreventableillslikedysenterywhileheroiceffortsgointomaintainingyuppiezygotesintesttubesattheunicellularstage.Thisisthedreadnightmareofeugenicsinfamiliarmarketplaceformwhichinvolvesbreedingthebest-paidinsteadofthebest.Cloningtechnologyisanalmostinevitablebyproductofinvitrofertilization.Onceyoudecidetogotothetroubleofinvitrowithitspotentiallyhazardousmegadosesofhormonesforthefemalepartnerandvariousindignitiesforthemaleyoumightaswellmakeafewbackupcopiesofanyviableembryothat’sproduced.Andonceyou’vegotthebackuporgancopieswhynotkeepafewinthefreezerincaseJunioreverneedsanewkidneyorcorneaThecriticsofcloningsayweshouldknowwhatwe’regettingintowithallitsOrwellianimplications.Butifwedecidetooutlawcloningweshouldunderstandtheimplicationsofthat.Wewouldbesayingineffectthatweprefertoleavegeneticdestinytothecrapshootingofnaturedespitesickle-cellanemiaandTay-Sachsandalltherestbecauseultimatelywedon’ttrustthemarkettoregulatelifeitself.Andthismaybethehardestthingofalltoacknowledge:thatitisn’tsomuch21stcenturytechnologywefearaswhatwillhappentothattechnologyinthehandsofold-fashioned20thcenturycapitalism.Itisimpliedinthe3rdparagraphthatitis
Nonverbalcommunicationishugelyimportant:inanyinteractionwithothersitsimportanceismultipliedacrosscultures.Thisisbecausewetendtolookfornonverbalcueswhenverbalmessagesareunclearorambiguousastheyaremorelikelytobeacrosscultures.41__________. Low-contextculturesliketheUnitedStatesandCanadatendtogiverelativelylessemphasistononverbalcommunication.Thisdoesnotmeanthatnonverbalcommunicationdoesnothappenorthatitisunimportantbutthatpeopleinthesesettingstendtoplacelessimportanceonitthanontheliteralmeaningsofwordsthemselves.Inhigh-contextsettingssuchasJapanorColombiaunderstandingthenonverbalcomponentsofcommunicationisrelativelymoreimportanttoreceivingtheintendedmeaningofthecommunicationasawhole. 42__________.ForinstanceitmaybemoresociallyacceptableinsomesettingsintheUnitedStatesforwomentoshowfearbutnotangerandformentodisplayangerbutnotfear.Atthesametimeinterpretationoffacialexpressionsacrossculturesisdifficult.InChinaandJapanforexampleafacialexpressionthatwouldberecognizedaroundtheworldasconveyinghappinessmayactuallyexpressangerormasksadnessbothofwhichareunacceptabletoshowovertly. 43__________.ForaWesternerwhounderstandssmilestomeanfriendlinessandhappinessthissmilemayseemoutofplaceandevencoldunderthecircumstances.Eventhoughsomefacialexpressionsmaybesimilaracrossculturestheirinterpretationsremainculturespecific.Itisimportanttounderstandsomethingaboutculturalstarting-pointsandvaluesinordertointerpretemotionsexpressedincross-culturalinteractions. 44__________.InacomparisonofNorthAmericanandFrenchchildrenonabeacharesearchernoticedthattheFrenchchildrentendedtostayinarelativelysmallspaceneartheirparentswhileUSchildrenrangedupanddownalargeareaofthebeach. 45__________. Theseexamplesofdifferencesrelatedtononverbalcommunicationareonlythetipoftheiceberg.Carefulobservationongoingstudyfromavarietyofsourcesandcultivatingrelationshipsacrosscultureswillallhelpdeveloptheculturalfluencytoworkeffectivelywithnonverbalcommunicationdifferences. [A]Thesedifferencesofinterpretationmayleadtoconflict.SupposeaJapanesepersonisexplainingherabsencefromnegotiationsduetoadeathinherfamily.Shemaydosowithasmilebasedonherculturalbeliefthatitisnotappropriatetoinflictthepainofgriefonothers. [B]Anothervariableacrosscultureshastodowithwaysofrelatingtospace.Crossingculturesweencounterverydifferentideasaboutpolitespaceforconversationsandnegotiations.NorthAmericanstendtopreferalargeamountofspaceperhapsbecausetheyaresurroundedbyitintheirhomesandcountryside.Europeanstendtostandmorecloselywitheachotherwhentalkingandareaccustomedtosmallerpersonalspaces. [C]Americansareseriousaboutstandinginlinesinaccordancewiththeirbeliefsindemocracyandtheprincipleof"firstcomefirstserved."TheFrenchontheotherhandhaveapracticeoflinejumpingthatirritatesmanyBritishandUSAmericans. [D]Sincenonverbalbehaviorarisesfromourculturalcommonsenseweusedifferentsystemsofunderstandinggesturesposturesilencespatialrelationsemotionalexpressiontouch’physicalappearanceandothernonverbalcues.Culturesalsoattributedifferentdegreesofimportancetoverbalandnonverbalbehavior. [E]Thedifficultywithspacepreferencesisnotthattheyexistbutthejudgmentsthatgetattachedtothem.Ifsomeoneisaccustomedtostandingorsittingveryclosewhentheyaretalkingwithanothertheymayseetheother’sattempttocreatemorespaceasevidenceofcoldnessoralackofinterest. [F]ItissaidthataGermanexecutiveworkingintheUnitedStatesbecamesoupsetwithvisitorstohisofficemovingtheguestchairtosuitthemselvesthathehaditboltedtothefloor. [G]Someelementsofnonverbalcommunicationareconsistentacrosscultures.Forexampleresearchhasshownthattheemotionsofenjoymentangerfearsadnessdisgustandsurpriseareexpressedinsimilarwaysbypeoplearoundtheworld.Differencessurfacewithrespecttowhichemotionsareacceptabletodisplayinvariousculturalsettingsandbywhom. 41
AnalystshavetheirgoathumorandIhavereadsomeofthisinterpretativeliterature1withoutbeinggreatlyinstructed.Humorcanbe23afrogcanbutthethingdiesintheprocessandtheinnardsare4toanybutthepurescientificmind. Oneofthethings5saidabouthumoristsisthattheyarereallyverysad’peopleclownswithabreakingheart.Thereissometruthinitbutitisbadly6.Itwouldbemore7Ithinktosaythatthereisadeepveinofmelancholyrunningthrougheveryone’slifeandthatthehumoristperhapsmore8ofitthansomeotherscompensatesforitactivelyand9Humoristsfattenontroubles.Theyhavealwaysmadetrouble10Theystrugglealongwithagoodwillandendurepain11knowinghowwellitwill12theminthesweetbyandby.Youfindthemwrestlingwithforeignlanguagesfightingfoldingironinghoardsand’swollendrainpipessufferingtheterrible13oftightboots.Theypourouttheirsorrowsprofitablyina14ofwhatisnotquitefictionnorquitefacteither.Beneaththesparkingsurfaceofthesedilemmasflowsthestrong15ofhumanwoe. Practicallyeveryoneisamanicdepressiveofsortswithhisupmomentsandhisdownmomentsandyoucertainlydon’thavetobeahumoristto16thesadnessofsituationandmood.Butthereisoftenaratherfinelinebetweenlaughingandcryingandifahumorouspieceofwritingbringsapersontothepoint17hisemotionalresponsesareuntrustworthyandseemlikelytobreakoverintotheoppositerealmitis18humorlikepoetryhasanextracontentitplays19tothebighotfirewhichisTruthandsometimesthereaderfeelsthe20. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCandDonANSWERSHEET1.19
ShouldanyonemuchcarewhetheranAmericanboylivingoverseasgetssixviciousthwacksonhisbacksideSomuchhasbeenarguedrejoinedandrehashedaboutthecaseofMichaelFayan18-year-oldconvictedofvandalismandsentencedtoacaninginSingaporethatanotherwisesorrylittleepisodehasshadedintoacertifiedInternationalIncidentcompletewithintercessionsbytheU.S.headofstate.AnaffairhasoutragedAmericanlibertariansevenasithasanimatedageneraldebateaboutmoralityEastandWestandtheproperfunctioningofU.S.lawandorder.WhichtoallappearancesiswhatSingaporewanted.ThequestionofwhetheranyoneshouldcareaboutMichaelFayisidle.thoughSingaporeofficialsprofessshockattheattentionhiscasehaddrawntheyknowAmericanscaredeeplyaboutthemanysidesofthisissue.DoesateenagerconvictedofsprayingcarswitheasilyremovablepaintdeservehalfadozenpowerfulstrokesAtwhatpointdoesswiftsurepunishmentbecometortureBywhatmoralauthoritycanAmericawithitshighratesoflawlessnessandlicensepreachofasafesocietyabouthumanrightsThecaningsentencehasconcentratedmindswondrouslyonanalreadylivelydomesticdebateoverwhatconstitutesaduebalancebetweenindividualandmajorityrights.ToobadMichaelFayhasbecomeafocusforthisdiscussion.NotonlydoesheseemdestinedtobepummeledandimmobilizedbuttheuseofSingaporeasastandardforjudginganyothersocietyletalonethecacophonousU.S.isfairlyworthless.TobeginwithSingaporeisanoffshorerepublicthattightlylimitsimmigration.Imaginecrime-riddenLosAngelestowhichSingaporeissometimescontrastedwithhardlyanyinflowofthehard-luckoftendesperatefortuneseekerswhoflocktobigcities.Evenwithoutitsgovernment’sdisciplinarymeasuresSingaporemorethanplausiblywouldbemuchthesameasitisnow.Anacademiccommonplacetodayisthatthemajorfactordeterminingsocialpeaceandprosperityisculture--asenseofcommonidentitytraditionandvalues.UnlikeSingaporethoughtheU.S.todayisanationinsearchofacommonculturetryingtobeauniversalsocietythatassimilatesthetraditionsofpeoplefromallovertheworld.Effortstosafeguardminorityaswellasindividualrightshaveproducedagridlockinthejusticesystem.Itstroublesstemmorefromthedecayoffamilylifethanfromanygovernmentfailures.Fewsocietiescanaffordtolookoncomplacently.AstraveleasesandculturesintermixtheAmericanexperienceisbecomingtheworld’s.Thecircumstancesofthisaffair--evidentlynoSingaporeanhaseverbeenpunishedundertheVandalismActfordefacingprivateproperty--suggestthatSingaporehasusedFayasanunwillingpointmaninagrowingquarrelbetweenEastandWestabouthumanrights.ThereactionoftheU.S.tothecaseofMichaelFaycouldbestbedescribedas
ShouldanyonemuchcarewhetheranAmericanboylivingoverseasgetssixviciousthwacksonhisbacksideSomuchhasbeenarguedrejoinedandrehashedaboutthecaseofMichaelFayan18-year-oldconvictedofvandalismandsentencedtoacaninginSingaporethatanotherwisesorrylittleepisodehasshadedintoacertifiedInternationalIncidentcompletewithintercessionsbytheU.S.headofstate.AnaffairhasoutragedAmericanlibertariansevenasithasanimatedageneraldebateaboutmoralityEastandWestandtheproperfunctioningofU.S.lawandorder.WhichtoallappearancesiswhatSingaporewanted.ThequestionofwhetheranyoneshouldcareaboutMichaelFayisidle.thoughSingaporeofficialsprofessshockattheattentionhiscasehaddrawntheyknowAmericanscaredeeplyaboutthemanysidesofthisissue.DoesateenagerconvictedofsprayingcarswitheasilyremovablepaintdeservehalfadozenpowerfulstrokesAtwhatpointdoesswiftsurepunishmentbecometortureBywhatmoralauthoritycanAmericawithitshighratesoflawlessnessandlicensepreachofasafesocietyabouthumanrightsThecaningsentencehasconcentratedmindswondrouslyonanalreadylivelydomesticdebateoverwhatconstitutesaduebalancebetweenindividualandmajorityrights.ToobadMichaelFayhasbecomeafocusforthisdiscussion.NotonlydoesheseemdestinedtobepummeledandimmobilizedbuttheuseofSingaporeasastandardforjudginganyothersocietyletalonethecacophonousU.S.isfairlyworthless.TobeginwithSingaporeisanoffshorerepublicthattightlylimitsimmigration.Imaginecrime-riddenLosAngelestowhichSingaporeissometimescontrastedwithhardlyanyinflowofthehard-luckoftendesperatefortuneseekerswhoflocktobigcities.Evenwithoutitsgovernment’sdisciplinarymeasuresSingaporemorethanplausiblywouldbemuchthesameasitisnow.Anacademiccommonplacetodayisthatthemajorfactordeterminingsocialpeaceandprosperityisculture--asenseofcommonidentitytraditionandvalues.UnlikeSingaporethoughtheU.S.todayisanationinsearchofacommonculturetryingtobeauniversalsocietythatassimilatesthetraditionsofpeoplefromallovertheworld.Effortstosafeguardminorityaswellasindividualrightshaveproducedagridlockinthejusticesystem.Itstroublesstemmorefromthedecayoffamilylifethanfromanygovernmentfailures.Fewsocietiescanaffordtolookoncomplacently.AstraveleasesandculturesintermixtheAmericanexperienceisbecomingtheworld’s.Thecircumstancesofthisaffair--evidentlynoSingaporeanhaseverbeenpunishedundertheVandalismActfordefacingprivateproperty--suggestthatSingaporehasusedFayasanunwillingpointmaninagrowingquarrelbetweenEastandWestabouthumanrights.ItseemsthatthewriterbelievesthatSingaporeshouldbepraisedintermsof
AnalystshavetheirgoathumorandIhavereadsomeofthisinterpretativeliterature1withoutbeinggreatlyinstructed.Humorcanbe23afrogcanbutthethingdiesintheprocessandtheinnardsare4toanybutthepurescientificmind. Oneofthethings5saidabouthumoristsisthattheyarereallyverysad’peopleclownswithabreakingheart.Thereissometruthinitbutitisbadly6.Itwouldbemore7Ithinktosaythatthereisadeepveinofmelancholyrunningthrougheveryone’slifeandthatthehumoristperhapsmore8ofitthansomeotherscompensatesforitactivelyand9Humoristsfattenontroubles.Theyhavealwaysmadetrouble10Theystrugglealongwithagoodwillandendurepain11knowinghowwellitwill12theminthesweetbyandby.Youfindthemwrestlingwithforeignlanguagesfightingfoldingironinghoardsand’swollendrainpipessufferingtheterrible13oftightboots.Theypourouttheirsorrowsprofitablyina14ofwhatisnotquitefictionnorquitefacteither.Beneaththesparkingsurfaceofthesedilemmasflowsthestrong15ofhumanwoe. Practicallyeveryoneisamanicdepressiveofsortswithhisupmomentsandhisdownmomentsandyoucertainlydon’thavetobeahumoristto16thesadnessofsituationandmood.Butthereisoftenaratherfinelinebetweenlaughingandcryingandifahumorouspieceofwritingbringsapersontothepoint17hisemotionalresponsesareuntrustworthyandseemlikelytobreakoverintotheoppositerealmitis18humorlikepoetryhasanextracontentitplays19tothebighotfirewhichisTruthandsometimesthereaderfeelsthe20. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCandDonANSWERSHEET1.7
ThatlowmoaningsoundinthebackgroundjustmightbetheFoundingFathersprotestingfrombeyondthegrave.TheyhavebeendoingitwhenGeorgeBushatabreakfastofreligiousleadersscorchedtheDemocratsforfailingtomentionGodintheirplatformanddeclaimedthataPresidentneedstobelieveintheAlmighty.WhatabouttheconstitutionalbanonreligioustestsforpublicofficetheFoundingFatherswouldwanttoknow.WhataboutTomJefferson’sconvictionthatitispossibleforanonbelievertobeamoralpersonfindingincitementstovirtueinthecomfortandpleasantnessyoufeelinitsexerciseEvenGeorgeWashingtonmustshudderinhissleeptoheartheconstantemphasisonJudeo-Christianvalues.ItwashewhowroteWehaveabundantreasontorejoicethatinthisLand...everypersonmayhereworshipGodaccordingtothedictatesofhisownheart.GeorgeBushshouldknowbetterthantoencouragethetheocraticambitionsoftheChristianright.ThewallofseparationtheFoundingFathersbuiltbetweenchurchandstateisoneofthebestdefensesfreedomhaseverhad.OrhavewealreadyforgottenwhytheFoundingFathersputitupTheyhadseenenoughreligiousintoleranceinthecolonies:QuakerwomenwereburnedatthestakeinPuritanMassachusetts;VirginianscouldbejailedfordenyingtheBible’sauthority.NowonderJohnAdamsoncedescribedtheJudeo-ChristiantraditionasthemostbloodyreligionthateverexistedandthattheFoundingFatherstooksuchpainstokeepthehandthatholdsthemusketseparatefromtheonethatcarriesthecross.Therewasanotherreasonfortheseparationofchurchandstatewhichnoamountofpiousrantingcanexpunge:notalltheFoundingFathersbelievedinthesameGodorinanyGodatall.JeffersonwasarenowneddoubterurginghisnephewtoquestionwithboldnesseventheexistenceofaGod.JohnAdamswasatleastaskepticaswereofcoursetherevolutionaryfirebrandsTomPaineandEthanAllen.Naturallytheydesignedarepublicinwhichtheythemselveswouldhaveaplace.Yetanotherreasonarguesfortheseparationofchurchandstate.IftheFoundingFathershadoneoverarchingaimitwastolimitthepowernotofthechurchesbutofthestate.TheyweredeeplyconcernedasAdamswrotethatgovernmentshallbeconsideredashavinginitnothingmoremysteriousordivinethanotherartsorsciences.’SurelytheRepublicanscommittedastheyaretolimitedgovernmentoughttohonorthesecularspiritthathaslimitedourgovernmentfromthemomentofitsbirth.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtotheauthor
HowdidthecompanycometoproducearecordglorifyingthemurderofpolicewhichisentitledCopKillerbytherapperIce-TonthealbumBobyCountThealbumisreleasedbyWarnerBros.RecordspartoftheTimeWarnermediaandentertainmentconglomerate.InaWallStreetJournalopedpiecelayingoutthecompany’spositionTimeWarnercoCEOGeraldLevinmakestwodefenses.FirstIce-T’sCopKillerismisunderstood.Itdoesn’tinduceorglorifyviolence...It’shisfictionalizedattempttogetinsideacharacter’shead...CopKillerisnomoreacallforgunningdownthepolicethanFrankieandJohnnyisasummonsforjiltedloverstoshootoneanother.’Insteadoffindingwaystosilencethemessengerweshouldbeheedingtheanguishedcrycontainedinhismessage.Thisdefenseisself-contradictory.FrankieandJohnnydoesnotpretendtohaveapoliticalmessagethatmustbeheeded.’IfCopKillerhasamessageitisthatthemurderofpolicemenisajustifiedresponsetopolicebrutality.Andnotinself-defensebutinpremeditatedactsofrevengeagainstrandomcops.Killingpolicemenisagoodthing--thatistheplainmeaningofthesongandnolargerunderstandingofblackculturetherageofthestreetsoranythingelsecanexplainitaway.Asinmuchof.today’spopularmusicthelinebetweenperformerandperformanceispurposelyblurred.Thesearepoliticalsermonettesclearlyintendedtosupportthesentimentsbeingexpressed.TracyMarrowIce-ThimselfhassaidIscaredthepoliceandtheyneedtobescared.Thatseemsclear.Thecompany’sseconddefenseofCopKilleristheclassiconeoffreeexpression:Westandforcreativefreedom.Webelievethattheworthofwhatanartistorjournalisthastosaydoesnotdependonpreapprovalfromagovernmentofficialoracorporatecensor.OfcourseIce-Thastherighttosaywhateverhewants.Butthatdoesn’trequireanycompanytoprovidehimanOutlet.Anditdoesn’trelieveacompanyofresponsibilityforthemessagesitchoosestopromote.Judgmentisnotcensorship.Manyananguishedcrygoesunrecorded.Thisonewasrecordedandpromotedbecauseasuccessfulartistundercontractwantedtorecordit.Nothingwrongwithmakingmoneybutacompanycannottakethemoneyandrunfromtheresponsibility.ThefounderofTimeHenryLucewouldhavescornedthenotionthathiscompanyprovidedavalue-freeforumfortheexchangeofideas.InLuce’ssystemeditorsweresupposedtomakevaluejudgmentsandpromotethetruthastheysawit.Itcanbelearnedthatthecompanyhasmovedfarfromitsfounder’s
ThatlowmoaningsoundinthebackgroundjustmightbetheFoundingFathersprotestingfrombeyondthegrave.TheyhavebeendoingitwhenGeorgeBushatabreakfastofreligiousleadersscorchedtheDemocratsforfailingtomentionGodintheirplatformanddeclaimedthataPresidentneedstobelieveintheAlmighty.WhatabouttheconstitutionalbanonreligioustestsforpublicofficetheFoundingFatherswouldwanttoknow.WhataboutTomJefferson’sconvictionthatitispossibleforanonbelievertobeamoralpersonfindingincitementstovirtueinthecomfortandpleasantnessyoufeelinitsexerciseEvenGeorgeWashingtonmustshudderinhissleeptoheartheconstantemphasisonJudeo-Christianvalues.ItwashewhowroteWehaveabundantreasontorejoicethatinthisLand...everypersonmayhereworshipGodaccordingtothedictatesofhisownheart.GeorgeBushshouldknowbetterthantoencouragethetheocraticambitionsoftheChristianright.ThewallofseparationtheFoundingFathersbuiltbetweenchurchandstateisoneofthebestdefensesfreedomhaseverhad.OrhavewealreadyforgottenwhytheFoundingFathersputitupTheyhadseenenoughreligiousintoleranceinthecolonies:QuakerwomenwereburnedatthestakeinPuritanMassachusetts;VirginianscouldbejailedfordenyingtheBible’sauthority.NowonderJohnAdamsoncedescribedtheJudeo-ChristiantraditionasthemostbloodyreligionthateverexistedandthattheFoundingFatherstooksuchpainstokeepthehandthatholdsthemusketseparatefromtheonethatcarriesthecross.Therewasanotherreasonfortheseparationofchurchandstatewhichnoamountofpiousrantingcanexpunge:notalltheFoundingFathersbelievedinthesameGodorinanyGodatall.JeffersonwasarenowneddoubterurginghisnephewtoquestionwithboldnesseventheexistenceofaGod.JohnAdamswasatleastaskepticaswereofcoursetherevolutionaryfirebrandsTomPaineandEthanAllen.Naturallytheydesignedarepublicinwhichtheythemselveswouldhaveaplace.Yetanotherreasonarguesfortheseparationofchurchandstate.IftheFoundingFathershadoneoverarchingaimitwastolimitthepowernotofthechurchesbutofthestate.TheyweredeeplyconcernedasAdamswrotethatgovernmentshallbeconsideredashavinginitnothingmoremysteriousordivinethanotherartsorsciences.’SurelytheRepublicanscommittedastheyaretolimitedgovernmentoughttohonorthesecularspiritthathaslimitedourgovernmentfromthemomentofitsbirth.WhenmentioningQuakerwomenPara.2theauthoristalkingabout
AnalystshavetheirgoathumorandIhavereadsomeofthisinterpretativeliterature1withoutbeinggreatlyinstructed.Humorcanbe23afrogcanbutthethingdiesintheprocessandtheinnardsare4toanybutthepurescientificmind. Oneofthethings5saidabouthumoristsisthattheyarereallyverysad’peopleclownswithabreakingheart.Thereissometruthinitbutitisbadly6.Itwouldbemore7Ithinktosaythatthereisadeepveinofmelancholyrunningthrougheveryone’slifeandthatthehumoristperhapsmore8ofitthansomeotherscompensatesforitactivelyand9Humoristsfattenontroubles.Theyhavealwaysmadetrouble10Theystrugglealongwithagoodwillandendurepain11knowinghowwellitwill12theminthesweetbyandby.Youfindthemwrestlingwithforeignlanguagesfightingfoldingironinghoardsand’swollendrainpipessufferingtheterrible13oftightboots.Theypourouttheirsorrowsprofitablyina14ofwhatisnotquitefictionnorquitefacteither.Beneaththesparkingsurfaceofthesedilemmasflowsthestrong15ofhumanwoe. Practicallyeveryoneisamanicdepressiveofsortswithhisupmomentsandhisdownmomentsandyoucertainlydon’thavetobeahumoristto16thesadnessofsituationandmood.Butthereisoftenaratherfinelinebetweenlaughingandcryingandifahumorouspieceofwritingbringsapersontothepoint17hisemotionalresponsesareuntrustworthyandseemlikelytobreakoverintotheoppositerealmitis18humorlikepoetryhasanextracontentitplays19tothebighotfirewhichisTruthandsometimesthereaderfeelsthe20. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCandDonANSWERSHEET1.15
AnalystshavetheirgoathumorandIhavereadsomeofthisinterpretativeliterature1withoutbeinggreatlyinstructed.Humorcanbe23afrogcanbutthethingdiesintheprocessandtheinnardsare4toanybutthepurescientificmind. Oneofthethings5saidabouthumoristsisthattheyarereallyverysad’peopleclownswithabreakingheart.Thereissometruthinitbutitisbadly6.Itwouldbemore7Ithinktosaythatthereisadeepveinofmelancholyrunningthrougheveryone’slifeandthatthehumoristperhapsmore8ofitthansomeotherscompensatesforitactivelyand9Humoristsfattenontroubles.Theyhavealwaysmadetrouble10Theystrugglealongwithagoodwillandendurepain11knowinghowwellitwill12theminthesweetbyandby.Youfindthemwrestlingwithforeignlanguagesfightingfoldingironinghoardsand’swollendrainpipessufferingtheterrible13oftightboots.Theypourouttheirsorrowsprofitablyina14ofwhatisnotquitefictionnorquitefacteither.Beneaththesparkingsurfaceofthesedilemmasflowsthestrong15ofhumanwoe. Practicallyeveryoneisamanicdepressiveofsortswithhisupmomentsandhisdownmomentsandyoucertainlydon’thavetobeahumoristto16thesadnessofsituationandmood.Butthereisoftenaratherfinelinebetweenlaughingandcryingandifahumorouspieceofwritingbringsapersontothepoint17hisemotionalresponsesareuntrustworthyandseemlikelytobreakoverintotheoppositerealmitis18humorlikepoetryhasanextracontentitplays19tothebighotfirewhichisTruthandsometimesthereaderfeelsthe20. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCandDonANSWERSHEET1.5
TheTheoryofContinentalDrifthashadalongandturbulenthistorysinceitwasfirstproposedbyAlfredWegenerin1910.46Vigorouslychallengedyetwidelyignoredthetheoryhadlanguishedforhalfacenturyprimarilyduetoitslackofaplausiblemechanismtosupporttheproposeddrift.Withthediscoveryofsea-floorspreadinginthelate1950’sandearly60’stheideawasreinvigorated.Platetectonicsisnowalmostuniversallyaccepted.Manydetailsofthemechanismaretobeworkedout. ThesurfaceoftheEarthisdividedintoapproximatelysixlargeplatesplusanumberofsmallerones.Theplatesare’boundedbyaninterconnectednetworkofridgestransformfaultsandtrenches.RidgesalsocalledspreadingcentersoccurwheretwoplatesaremovingawayfromeachOther.Astheplatesseparatehotmoltenmantlematerialflowsuptofillthevoid.47Theincreasedheatresultingfromthisflowreducesthedensityoftheplatescausingthemtofloathigherthuselevatingtheboundariesbymanythousandsoffeetabovethecoldersurroundingseafloor.48Ridgesontheoceanfloorformthelongestcontinuousrangesofmountainsontheplanetbut.onlyinaveryfewplacesontheEarthdothesemountainsriseabovetheoceansurface. Newseafloorisconstantlybeingcreatedalongspreadingcenters.Obviouslysomewhereelseoldseafloormustbegoingaway.Thisoccursintrenchesalsocalledsubductionzones.Trenchesoccuralongtheboundarybetweentwoplatesthataremovingtowardseachother.49Wherethisoccursoneplateisbentdownwardsatabouta400angleandplungesundertheotherplate’sleadingedgeeventuallytomeltbackintotheliquidmantlebelow.Asthesubductingplateisheatedbackuptomantletemperaturescertainmineralsintheplatemeltsoonerthanothers.50Mineralsthatmeltatlowertemperaturesandarelighterthanthesurroundingmaterialtendtorisemeltingtheirwayupthroughtheoverridingplatetoeruptasvolcanoesontheoceanfloor.Asthesevolcanoesgrowtheyriseabovetheoceansurfacetoformlinesofislandsalongtheleadingedgeoftheoverridingplate.NumerousislandsofMicronesiaandMelanesiainthewesternPacificwerecreatedinthisway. Wherethisoccursoneplateisbentdownwardsatabouta400angleandplungesundertheotherplate’sleadingedgeeventuallytomeltbackintotheliquidmantlebelow
Thedaywasstar-crossed:Fridaythe13thinthemonthofOctoberontheeveofthesecondloominganniversaryofadevastatingmarketcrash.I’mtellingyoupsychologyisreallyfunny.PeoplegetcrazyinsituationslikethatsaidportfoliostrategistElaineGarzarelli.LastweekFridaythe13thliveduptoitsfrightfulreputation.AfterdriftingloweratasleepypaceformostofthedaytheDowJonesindustrialaverageabruptlylurchedintoahair-raisingskydiveinthefinalhouroftrading.TheBushAdministrationmovedswiftlytoavertanysenseofcrisisafterthemarketclosed.DeclaredTreasurySecretaryNicholasBrady:It’simportanttorecognizethattoday’sstockmarketdeclinedoesn’tsignalanyfundamentalchangeintheconditionoftheeconomy.Theeconomyremainswellbalancedandtheoutlookisforcontinuedmoderategrowth.ButMassachusettsDemocratEdwardMarkeywhochairsaHousesubcommitteeontelecommunicationsandfinancevowedtoholdhearingsthisweekonthestockmarketslide.Saidhe:Thisisthesecondheartattack.Myhopeisthatbeforewehavetheinevitablethirdheartattackwepayattentiontotheseproblems.Expertsfoundnoshortageofculpritstoblameforthelatestshipwreck.AseriesofdownbeatrealizationsconvergedonFridayrangingfromsignsofanewburstofinflationtosaggingcorporateprofitstotroublesinthejunk-bondmarketthathasfueledmajortakeovers.Thesingulareventthatshookinvestorswasthefalteringofa$6.75billionlabormanagementbuyoutofUALtheparentcompanyofUnitedAirlinesthesecondlargestU.S.carrier.OnonepointmostthoughtfulWallStreetersagreed:themarkethadreachedsuchdizzyingheightsthatacorrectionofsomesortseemedalmostinevitable.Propelledbyfavorableeconomicnewsandawaveofmultibillion-dollartakeoversstockshadsoaredmorethan1000pointssincethe1987crash.ButbylastAugustsomeWallstreeterswereclearlyworried.TheheaviestblowtothemarketcameFridayafternoon.Inathree-paragraphstatementUALsaidalabor-managementgroupheadedbyChairmanStephenWolfhadfailedtogetenoughfinancingtoacquireUnited.Severalbankshadapparentlybalkedatthedealwhichwastobepartlyfinancedthroughjunkbonds.Thetake-overgroupsaiditwouldsubmitarevisedbidinthenearterm’buttheannouncementstunnedinvestorswhohadcometoviewtheUniteddealasthelatestsurethinginthe1980sbuyoutbinge.SaidJohnDowneyatraderattheChicagoBoardOptionsExchange:Theairlinestockshavelookedlikeattractivetakeovertargets.ButwiththeUniteddealintroubleeveryonestartedtowonderwhatotherdealsmightnotgothrough./Thetoneofthewriterasreflectedinthefirstsentenceis
Anynormalspecieswouldbedelightedattheprospectofcloning.NomorenastysurpriseslikesicklecellorDownsyndrome--justbatchafterbatchofhigh-gradeandgeneticallyspeakingimmortaloffspring!ButrepresentativesofthehumanspeciesarerespondingasifsomeonehadproposedaddingSatanismtothegrade-schoolCurriculum.Suddenlyperfectlysecularfolksarethrowingaroundwordslikesanctityandretrievingmedieval-eraargumentsagainsttheprideofscience.Noonehasproposedburninghimatthestakebutthepoorfellowwhoinducedahumanembryotodoubleitselfhasvirtuallyrecantedproclaiminghisreverenceforhumanlifeinavoicethismagazinereportedchokingwithemotion.Thereisanelementofhypocrisytomuchoftheanti-cloningfurororifnothypocrisysuperstition.Thefactiswearealreadywelldownthepathleadingtogeneticmanipulationofthecreepiestsort.Life-formscanbepatentedwhichmeanstheycanbeboughtandsoldandpotentiallytradedonthecommoditiesmarkets.Humanembryosarelife-formsandthereisnothingtostopanyonefrommarketingthemnowonthesameshelfwiththeCabbagePatchdolls.Infactanyculturethatencouragesinvitrofertilizationhasnorighttocomplainaboutamarketinembryos.Theassumptionbehindtheinvitroindustryisthatsomepeople’sgeneticmaterialisworthmorethanothers’anddeservestobereproducedatanyexpense.Millionsoflow-incomebabiesdieeveryyearfrompreventableillslikedysenterywhileheroiceffortsgointomaintainingyuppiezygotesintesttubesattheunicellularstage.Thisisthedreadnightmareofeugenicsinfamiliarmarketplaceformwhichinvolvesbreedingthebest-paidinsteadofthebest.Cloningtechnologyisanalmostinevitablebyproductofinvitrofertilization.Onceyoudecidetogotothetroubleofinvitrowithitspotentiallyhazardousmegadosesofhormonesforthefemalepartnerandvariousindignitiesforthemaleyoumightaswellmakeafewbackupcopiesofanyviableembryothat’sproduced.Andonceyou’vegotthebackuporgancopieswhynotkeepafewinthefreezerincaseJunioreverneedsanewkidneyorcorneaThecriticsofcloningsayweshouldknowwhatwe’regettingintowithallitsOrwellianimplications.Butifwedecidetooutlawcloningweshouldunderstandtheimplicationsofthat.Wewouldbesayingineffectthatweprefertoleavegeneticdestinytothecrapshootingofnaturedespitesickle-cellanemiaandTay-Sachsandalltherestbecauseultimatelywedon’ttrustthemarkettoregulatelifeitself.Andthismaybethehardestthingofalltoacknowledge:thatitisn’tsomuch21stcenturytechnologywefearaswhatwillhappentothattechnologyinthehandsofold-fashioned20thcenturycapitalism.Accordingtothetextwhatconcernstheauthormostisthe______withrespecttocloningtechnique.
ThatlowmoaningsoundinthebackgroundjustmightbetheFoundingFathersprotestingfrombeyondthegrave.TheyhavebeendoingitwhenGeorgeBushatabreakfastofreligiousleadersscorchedtheDemocratsforfailingtomentionGodintheirplatformanddeclaimedthataPresidentneedstobelieveintheAlmighty.WhatabouttheconstitutionalbanonreligioustestsforpublicofficetheFoundingFatherswouldwanttoknow.WhataboutTomJefferson’sconvictionthatitispossibleforanonbelievertobeamoralpersonfindingincitementstovirtueinthecomfortandpleasantnessyoufeelinitsexerciseEvenGeorgeWashingtonmustshudderinhissleeptoheartheconstantemphasisonJudeo-Christianvalues.ItwashewhowroteWehaveabundantreasontorejoicethatinthisLand...everypersonmayhereworshipGodaccordingtothedictatesofhisownheart.GeorgeBushshouldknowbetterthantoencouragethetheocraticambitionsoftheChristianright.ThewallofseparationtheFoundingFathersbuiltbetweenchurchandstateisoneofthebestdefensesfreedomhaseverhad.OrhavewealreadyforgottenwhytheFoundingFathersputitupTheyhadseenenoughreligiousintoleranceinthecolonies:QuakerwomenwereburnedatthestakeinPuritanMassachusetts;VirginianscouldbejailedfordenyingtheBible’sauthority.NowonderJohnAdamsoncedescribedtheJudeo-ChristiantraditionasthemostbloodyreligionthateverexistedandthattheFoundingFatherstooksuchpainstokeepthehandthatholdsthemusketseparatefromtheonethatcarriesthecross.Therewasanotherreasonfortheseparationofchurchandstatewhichnoamountofpiousrantingcanexpunge:notalltheFoundingFathersbelievedinthesameGodorinanyGodatall.JeffersonwasarenowneddoubterurginghisnephewtoquestionwithboldnesseventheexistenceofaGod.JohnAdamswasatleastaskepticaswereofcoursetherevolutionaryfirebrandsTomPaineandEthanAllen.Naturallytheydesignedarepublicinwhichtheythemselveswouldhaveaplace.Yetanotherreasonarguesfortheseparationofchurchandstate.IftheFoundingFathershadoneoverarchingaimitwastolimitthepowernotofthechurchesbutofthestate.TheyweredeeplyconcernedasAdamswrotethatgovernmentshallbeconsideredashavinginitnothingmoremysteriousordivinethanotherartsorsciences.’SurelytheRepublicanscommittedastheyaretolimitedgovernmentoughttohonorthesecularspiritthathaslimitedourgovernmentfromthemomentofitsbirth.Whatisimpliedinthefirstsentence
UntilrecentlymobileradiowastowirelesscommunicationswhattheYugowastotransportation.WithamixedclientelerangingfromtruckersusingCBstopolicearmedwithwalkie-talkiestotaxidriversdispatchedbyradioitwasviewedasanunglamorousbusinessandatechnologicalbackwater.Butspecializedmobileradioasitisknownhasbeenrediscovered.Itisnowconsideredoneofthebiggestprizesintheall-outwarforthepublicairwaves.Thereason:high-techcompanieshavefiguredouthowtoprofitablyrebuildtheantiquateddispatchingsystemintoanadvancedcellular-telephonenetworkthatcantakeonthelikesofAT&TandthegiantBabyBells.UpstartNextelCommunicationssentshockwavesthroughtheindustrylastweekwhenitagreedtobuyMotorola’sSMRfrequenciesfor$1.8billion.Thatcouldposeaseriousthreattocellularhegemony.AlthoughbothsystemsarebasedonthesamebasictechnologySMRsystemsaredigitalandcoveralmost25timesasmuchareaastheaveragecellularnetwork.SMRhandsetswon’tworkoncellularsystemsandtendtobebulkierthancellularphonesthoughtheyprovidemorefeatureslikeadigitalpagerservice.Andwhilecellulargrowthhastripledtosome13millionsubscriberssince2000thetechnologyhasbeenlosingground.Itisrunningoutofchannelcapacitysofastinfactthat40%ofcellularcallsinhigh-densityareaslikeManhattanandLosAngelesfailtobecompleted.SMRshavecapacitytospareandservicecouldeventuallybepriced10%to15%lessthancellular.Dispatcherspredicttheywillhaveatleast10millionsubscribersbytheendofthedecade.Therearenowabout1.5millionusersofSMRs.Theadditionofanothercontendertoanalreadycrowdedfieldoftelephonesystemswillsurelymultiplytheconfusion.Bytheyear2010consumerswillbeabletochoosefromatleasthalfadozenvendorsofadizzyingarrayofwireless-communicationsservicesincludingpagersvoicemailansweringmachinesandcellularphones.PhoneandcabletelevisionoperatorssuchasBellSouthMCIandCoxEnterprisesaredevelopingso-calledpersonalcommunicationsnetworksorPCNsahighlyadvancedportable-phonesystemthatisexpectedtocoverawiderareaconnecttoagreatervarietyofservicesandbecheapertooperatethanconventionalcellular.Andmanycompaniesthathavegambledonthewrongtechnologicalstandardsandinvestedbillionstryingtodevelopthesamemarketswillundoubtedlyloseagreatdealofmoneybeforetheshakeoutisover.ThewinnerssaysNextelchairmanMorganO’Brienwillbethosewhocanmakethechoiceforconsumerseasy.Withalltheanticipatedconfusion--mindfuloftheearlyyearsofpersonalcomputers--itislikelytobeyearsbeforeanyonecallsthepurchaseofwirelessproductsaneasychoice.SMRsystemsgainanedgeoverotherservicesmostlybyvirtueof
TheTheoryofContinentalDrifthashadalongandturbulenthistorysinceitwasfirstproposedbyAlfredWegenerin1910.46Vigorouslychallengedyetwidelyignoredthetheoryhadlanguishedforhalfacenturyprimarilyduetoitslackofaplausiblemechanismtosupporttheproposeddrift.Withthediscoveryofsea-floorspreadinginthelate1950’sandearly60’stheideawasreinvigorated.Platetectonicsisnowalmostuniversallyaccepted.Manydetailsofthemechanismaretobeworkedout. ThesurfaceoftheEarthisdividedintoapproximatelysixlargeplatesplusanumberofsmallerones.Theplatesare’boundedbyaninterconnectednetworkofridgestransformfaultsandtrenches.RidgesalsocalledspreadingcentersoccurwheretwoplatesaremovingawayfromeachOther.Astheplatesseparatehotmoltenmantlematerialflowsuptofillthevoid.47Theincreasedheatresultingfromthisflowreducesthedensityoftheplatescausingthemtofloathigherthuselevatingtheboundariesbymanythousandsoffeetabovethecoldersurroundingseafloor.48Ridgesontheoceanfloorformthelongestcontinuousrangesofmountainsontheplanetbut.onlyinaveryfewplacesontheEarthdothesemountainsriseabovetheoceansurface. Newseafloorisconstantlybeingcreatedalongspreadingcenters.Obviouslysomewhereelseoldseafloormustbegoingaway.Thisoccursintrenchesalsocalledsubductionzones.Trenchesoccuralongtheboundarybetweentwoplatesthataremovingtowardseachother.49Wherethisoccursoneplateisbentdownwardsatabouta400angleandplungesundertheotherplate’sleadingedgeeventuallytomeltbackintotheliquidmantlebelow.Asthesubductingplateisheatedbackuptomantletemperaturescertainmineralsintheplatemeltsoonerthanothers.50Mineralsthatmeltatlowertemperaturesandarelighterthanthesurroundingmaterialtendtorisemeltingtheirwayupthroughtheoverridingplatetoeruptasvolcanoesontheoceanfloor.Asthesevolcanoesgrowtheyriseabovetheoceansurfacetoformlinesofislandsalongtheleadingedgeoftheoverridingplate.NumerousislandsofMicronesiaandMelanesiainthewesternPacificwerecreatedinthisway. Theincreasedheatresultingfromthisflowreducesthedensityoftheplatescausingthemtofloathigherthuselevatingtheboundariesbymanythousandsoffeetabovethecoldersurroundingseafloor.
Directions:TheStudents’UnionofEnglishDepartmentwillholdanEnglishspeechcontest.Youarerequiredtowriteaposterthroughwhichstudentsandteacherscanbeinformedoftheevent.Thepostershouldinclude:1scheduleofthecontest2andrequirementsandotherdetails.Writeyourletterinnolessthan100words.WriteitneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.
Nonverbalcommunicationishugelyimportant:inanyinteractionwithothersitsimportanceismultipliedacrosscultures.Thisisbecausewetendtolookfornonverbalcueswhenverbalmessagesareunclearorambiguousastheyaremorelikelytobeacrosscultures.41__________. Low-contextculturesliketheUnitedStatesandCanadatendtogiverelativelylessemphasistononverbalcommunication.Thisdoesnotmeanthatnonverbalcommunicationdoesnothappenorthatitisunimportantbutthatpeopleinthesesettingstendtoplacelessimportanceonitthanontheliteralmeaningsofwordsthemselves.Inhigh-contextsettingssuchasJapanorColombiaunderstandingthenonverbalcomponentsofcommunicationisrelativelymoreimportanttoreceivingtheintendedmeaningofthecommunicationasawhole. 42__________.ForinstanceitmaybemoresociallyacceptableinsomesettingsintheUnitedStatesforwomentoshowfearbutnotangerandformentodisplayangerbutnotfear.Atthesametimeinterpretationoffacialexpressionsacrossculturesisdifficult.InChinaandJapanforexampleafacialexpressionthatwouldberecognizedaroundtheworldasconveyinghappinessmayactuallyexpressangerormasksadnessbothofwhichareunacceptabletoshowovertly. 43__________.ForaWesternerwhounderstandssmilestomeanfriendlinessandhappinessthissmilemayseemoutofplaceandevencoldunderthecircumstances.Eventhoughsomefacialexpressionsmaybesimilaracrossculturestheirinterpretationsremainculturespecific.Itisimportanttounderstandsomethingaboutculturalstarting-pointsandvaluesinordertointerpretemotionsexpressedincross-culturalinteractions. 44__________.InacomparisonofNorthAmericanandFrenchchildrenonabeacharesearchernoticedthattheFrenchchildrentendedtostayinarelativelysmallspaceneartheirparentswhileUSchildrenrangedupanddownalargeareaofthebeach. 45__________. Theseexamplesofdifferencesrelatedtononverbalcommunicationareonlythetipoftheiceberg.Carefulobservationongoingstudyfromavarietyofsourcesandcultivatingrelationshipsacrosscultureswillallhelpdeveloptheculturalfluencytoworkeffectivelywithnonverbalcommunicationdifferences. [A]Thesedifferencesofinterpretationmayleadtoconflict.SupposeaJapanesepersonisexplainingherabsencefromnegotiationsduetoadeathinherfamily.Shemaydosowithasmilebasedonherculturalbeliefthatitisnotappropriatetoinflictthepainofgriefonothers. [B]Anothervariableacrosscultureshastodowithwaysofrelatingtospace.Crossingculturesweencounterverydifferentideasaboutpolitespaceforconversationsandnegotiations.NorthAmericanstendtopreferalargeamountofspaceperhapsbecausetheyaresurroundedbyitintheirhomesandcountryside.Europeanstendtostandmorecloselywitheachotherwhentalkingandareaccustomedtosmallerpersonalspaces. [C]Americansareseriousaboutstandinginlinesinaccordancewiththeirbeliefsindemocracyandtheprincipleof"firstcomefirstserved."TheFrenchontheotherhandhaveapracticeoflinejumpingthatirritatesmanyBritishandUSAmericans. [D]Sincenonverbalbehaviorarisesfromourculturalcommonsenseweusedifferentsystemsofunderstandinggesturesposturesilencespatialrelationsemotionalexpressiontouch’physicalappearanceandothernonverbalcues.Culturesalsoattributedifferentdegreesofimportancetoverbalandnonverbalbehavior. [E]Thedifficultywithspacepreferencesisnotthattheyexistbutthejudgmentsthatgetattachedtothem.Ifsomeoneisaccustomedtostandingorsittingveryclosewhentheyaretalkingwithanothertheymayseetheother’sattempttocreatemorespaceasevidenceofcoldnessoralackofinterest. [F]ItissaidthataGermanexecutiveworkingintheUnitedStatesbecamesoupsetwithvisitorstohisofficemovingtheguestchairtosuitthemselvesthathehaditboltedtothefloor. [G]Someelementsofnonverbalcommunicationareconsistentacrosscultures.Forexampleresearchhasshownthattheemotionsofenjoymentangerfearsadnessdisgustandsurpriseareexpressedinsimilarwaysbypeoplearoundtheworld.Differencessurfacewithrespecttowhichemotionsareacceptabletodisplayinvariousculturalsettingsandbywhom. 43
HowdidthecompanycometoproducearecordglorifyingthemurderofpolicewhichisentitledCopKillerbytherapperIce-TonthealbumBobyCountThealbumisreleasedbyWarnerBros.RecordspartoftheTimeWarnermediaandentertainmentconglomerate.InaWallStreetJournalopedpiecelayingoutthecompany’spositionTimeWarnercoCEOGeraldLevinmakestwodefenses.FirstIce-T’sCopKillerismisunderstood.Itdoesn’tinduceorglorifyviolence...It’shisfictionalizedattempttogetinsideacharacter’shead...CopKillerisnomoreacallforgunningdownthepolicethanFrankieandJohnnyisasummonsforjiltedloverstoshootoneanother.’Insteadoffindingwaystosilencethemessengerweshouldbeheedingtheanguishedcrycontainedinhismessage.Thisdefenseisself-contradictory.FrankieandJohnnydoesnotpretendtohaveapoliticalmessagethatmustbeheeded.’IfCopKillerhasamessageitisthatthemurderofpolicemenisajustifiedresponsetopolicebrutality.Andnotinself-defensebutinpremeditatedactsofrevengeagainstrandomcops.Killingpolicemenisagoodthing--thatistheplainmeaningofthesongandnolargerunderstandingofblackculturetherageofthestreetsoranythingelsecanexplainitaway.Asinmuchof.today’spopularmusicthelinebetweenperformerandperformanceispurposelyblurred.Thesearepoliticalsermonettesclearlyintendedtosupportthesentimentsbeingexpressed.TracyMarrowIce-ThimselfhassaidIscaredthepoliceandtheyneedtobescared.Thatseemsclear.Thecompany’sseconddefenseofCopKilleristheclassiconeoffreeexpression:Westandforcreativefreedom.Webelievethattheworthofwhatanartistorjournalisthastosaydoesnotdependonpreapprovalfromagovernmentofficialoracorporatecensor.OfcourseIce-Thastherighttosaywhateverhewants.Butthatdoesn’trequireanycompanytoprovidehimanOutlet.Anditdoesn’trelieveacompanyofresponsibilityforthemessagesitchoosestopromote.Judgmentisnotcensorship.Manyananguishedcrygoesunrecorded.Thisonewasrecordedandpromotedbecauseasuccessfulartistundercontractwantedtorecordit.Nothingwrongwithmakingmoneybutacompanycannottakethemoneyandrunfromtheresponsibility.ThefounderofTimeHenryLucewouldhavescornedthenotionthathiscompanyprovidedavalue-freeforumfortheexchangeofideas.InLuce’ssystemeditorsweresupposedtomakevaluejudgmentsandpromotethetruthastheysawit.Itisoftenclaimedthatsomemessagesconveyedinpopularmusic
AnalystshavetheirgoathumorandIhavereadsomeofthisinterpretativeliterature1withoutbeinggreatlyinstructed.Humorcanbe23afrogcanbutthethingdiesintheprocessandtheinnardsare4toanybutthepurescientificmind. Oneofthethings5saidabouthumoristsisthattheyarereallyverysad’peopleclownswithabreakingheart.Thereissometruthinitbutitisbadly6.Itwouldbemore7Ithinktosaythatthereisadeepveinofmelancholyrunningthrougheveryone’slifeandthatthehumoristperhapsmore8ofitthansomeotherscompensatesforitactivelyand9Humoristsfattenontroubles.Theyhavealwaysmadetrouble10Theystrugglealongwithagoodwillandendurepain11knowinghowwellitwill12theminthesweetbyandby.Youfindthemwrestlingwithforeignlanguagesfightingfoldingironinghoardsand’swollendrainpipessufferingtheterrible13oftightboots.Theypourouttheirsorrowsprofitablyina14ofwhatisnotquitefictionnorquitefacteither.Beneaththesparkingsurfaceofthesedilemmasflowsthestrong15ofhumanwoe. Practicallyeveryoneisamanicdepressiveofsortswithhisupmomentsandhisdownmomentsandyoucertainlydon’thavetobeahumoristto16thesadnessofsituationandmood.Butthereisoftenaratherfinelinebetweenlaughingandcryingandifahumorouspieceofwritingbringsapersontothepoint17hisemotionalresponsesareuntrustworthyandseemlikelytobreakoverintotheoppositerealmitis18humorlikepoetryhasanextracontentitplays19tothebighotfirewhichisTruthandsometimesthereaderfeelsthe20. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCandDonANSWERSHEET1.3
AnalystshavetheirgoathumorandIhavereadsomeofthisinterpretativeliterature1withoutbeinggreatlyinstructed.Humorcanbe23afrogcanbutthethingdiesintheprocessandtheinnardsare4toanybutthepurescientificmind. Oneofthethings5saidabouthumoristsisthattheyarereallyverysad’peopleclownswithabreakingheart.Thereissometruthinitbutitisbadly6.Itwouldbemore7Ithinktosaythatthereisadeepveinofmelancholyrunningthrougheveryone’slifeandthatthehumoristperhapsmore8ofitthansomeotherscompensatesforitactivelyand9Humoristsfattenontroubles.Theyhavealwaysmadetrouble10Theystrugglealongwithagoodwillandendurepain11knowinghowwellitwill12theminthesweetbyandby.Youfindthemwrestlingwithforeignlanguagesfightingfoldingironinghoardsand’swollendrainpipessufferingtheterrible13oftightboots.Theypourouttheirsorrowsprofitablyina14ofwhatisnotquitefictionnorquitefacteither.Beneaththesparkingsurfaceofthesedilemmasflowsthestrong15ofhumanwoe. Practicallyeveryoneisamanicdepressiveofsortswithhisupmomentsandhisdownmomentsandyoucertainlydon’thavetobeahumoristto16thesadnessofsituationandmood.Butthereisoftenaratherfinelinebetweenlaughingandcryingandifahumorouspieceofwritingbringsapersontothepoint17hisemotionalresponsesareuntrustworthyandseemlikelytobreakoverintotheoppositerealmitis18humorlikepoetryhasanextracontentitplays19tothebighotfirewhichisTruthandsometimesthereaderfeelsthe20. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCandDonANSWERSHEET1.1
Nonverbalcommunicationishugelyimportant:inanyinteractionwithothersitsimportanceismultipliedacrosscultures.Thisisbecausewetendtolookfornonverbalcueswhenverbalmessagesareunclearorambiguousastheyaremorelikelytobeacrosscultures.41__________. Low-contextculturesliketheUnitedStatesandCanadatendtogiverelativelylessemphasistononverbalcommunication.Thisdoesnotmeanthatnonverbalcommunicationdoesnothappenorthatitisunimportantbutthatpeopleinthesesettingstendtoplacelessimportanceonitthanontheliteralmeaningsofwordsthemselves.Inhigh-contextsettingssuchasJapanorColombiaunderstandingthenonverbalcomponentsofcommunicationisrelativelymoreimportanttoreceivingtheintendedmeaningofthecommunicationasawhole. 42__________.ForinstanceitmaybemoresociallyacceptableinsomesettingsintheUnitedStatesforwomentoshowfearbutnotangerandformentodisplayangerbutnotfear.Atthesametimeinterpretationoffacialexpressionsacrossculturesisdifficult.InChinaandJapanforexampleafacialexpressionthatwouldberecognizedaroundtheworldasconveyinghappinessmayactuallyexpressangerormasksadnessbothofwhichareunacceptabletoshowovertly. 43__________.ForaWesternerwhounderstandssmilestomeanfriendlinessandhappinessthissmilemayseemoutofplaceandevencoldunderthecircumstances.Eventhoughsomefacialexpressionsmaybesimilaracrossculturestheirinterpretationsremainculturespecific.Itisimportanttounderstandsomethingaboutculturalstarting-pointsandvaluesinordertointerpretemotionsexpressedincross-culturalinteractions. 44__________.InacomparisonofNorthAmericanandFrenchchildrenonabeacharesearchernoticedthattheFrenchchildrentendedtostayinarelativelysmallspaceneartheirparentswhileUSchildrenrangedupanddownalargeareaofthebeach. 45__________. Theseexamplesofdifferencesrelatedtononverbalcommunicationareonlythetipoftheiceberg.Carefulobservationongoingstudyfromavarietyofsourcesandcultivatingrelationshipsacrosscultureswillallhelpdeveloptheculturalfluencytoworkeffectivelywithnonverbalcommunicationdifferences. [A]Thesedifferencesofinterpretationmayleadtoconflict.SupposeaJapanesepersonisexplainingherabsencefromnegotiationsduetoadeathinherfamily.Shemaydosowithasmilebasedonherculturalbeliefthatitisnotappropriatetoinflictthepainofgriefonothers. [B]Anothervariableacrosscultureshastodowithwaysofrelatingtospace.Crossingculturesweencounterverydifferentideasaboutpolitespaceforconversationsandnegotiations.NorthAmericanstendtopreferalargeamountofspaceperhapsbecausetheyaresurroundedbyitintheirhomesandcountryside.Europeanstendtostandmorecloselywitheachotherwhentalkingandareaccustomedtosmallerpersonalspaces. [C]Americansareseriousaboutstandinginlinesinaccordancewiththeirbeliefsindemocracyandtheprincipleof"firstcomefirstserved."TheFrenchontheotherhandhaveapracticeoflinejumpingthatirritatesmanyBritishandUSAmericans. [D]Sincenonverbalbehaviorarisesfromourculturalcommonsenseweusedifferentsystemsofunderstandinggesturesposturesilencespatialrelationsemotionalexpressiontouch’physicalappearanceandothernonverbalcues.Culturesalsoattributedifferentdegreesofimportancetoverbalandnonverbalbehavior. [E]Thedifficultywithspacepreferencesisnotthattheyexistbutthejudgmentsthatgetattachedtothem.Ifsomeoneisaccustomedtostandingorsittingveryclosewhentheyaretalkingwithanothertheymayseetheother’sattempttocreatemorespaceasevidenceofcoldnessoralackofinterest. [F]ItissaidthataGermanexecutiveworkingintheUnitedStatesbecamesoupsetwithvisitorstohisofficemovingtheguestchairtosuitthemselvesthathehaditboltedtothefloor. [G]Someelementsofnonverbalcommunicationareconsistentacrosscultures.Forexampleresearchhasshownthattheemotionsofenjoymentangerfearsadnessdisgustandsurpriseareexpressedinsimilarwaysbypeoplearoundtheworld.Differencessurfacewithrespecttowhichemotionsareacceptabletodisplayinvariousculturalsettingsandbywhom. 45
AnalystshavetheirgoathumorandIhavereadsomeofthisinterpretativeliterature1withoutbeinggreatlyinstructed.Humorcanbe23afrogcanbutthethingdiesintheprocessandtheinnardsare4toanybutthepurescientificmind. Oneofthethings5saidabouthumoristsisthattheyarereallyverysad’peopleclownswithabreakingheart.Thereissometruthinitbutitisbadly6.Itwouldbemore7Ithinktosaythatthereisadeepveinofmelancholyrunningthrougheveryone’slifeandthatthehumoristperhapsmore8ofitthansomeotherscompensatesforitactivelyand9Humoristsfattenontroubles.Theyhavealwaysmadetrouble10Theystrugglealongwithagoodwillandendurepain11knowinghowwellitwill12theminthesweetbyandby.Youfindthemwrestlingwithforeignlanguagesfightingfoldingironinghoardsand’swollendrainpipessufferingtheterrible13oftightboots.Theypourouttheirsorrowsprofitablyina14ofwhatisnotquitefictionnorquitefacteither.Beneaththesparkingsurfaceofthesedilemmasflowsthestrong15ofhumanwoe. Practicallyeveryoneisamanicdepressiveofsortswithhisupmomentsandhisdownmomentsandyoucertainlydon’thavetobeahumoristto16thesadnessofsituationandmood.Butthereisoftenaratherfinelinebetweenlaughingandcryingandifahumorouspieceofwritingbringsapersontothepoint17hisemotionalresponsesareuntrustworthyandseemlikelytobreakoverintotheoppositerealmitis18humorlikepoetryhasanextracontentitplays19tothebighotfirewhichisTruthandsometimesthereaderfeelsthe20. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCandDonANSWERSHEET1.13
UntilrecentlymobileradiowastowirelesscommunicationswhattheYugowastotransportation.WithamixedclientelerangingfromtruckersusingCBstopolicearmedwithwalkie-talkiestotaxidriversdispatchedbyradioitwasviewedasanunglamorousbusinessandatechnologicalbackwater.Butspecializedmobileradioasitisknownhasbeenrediscovered.Itisnowconsideredoneofthebiggestprizesintheall-outwarforthepublicairwaves.Thereason:high-techcompanieshavefiguredouthowtoprofitablyrebuildtheantiquateddispatchingsystemintoanadvancedcellular-telephonenetworkthatcantakeonthelikesofAT&TandthegiantBabyBells.UpstartNextelCommunicationssentshockwavesthroughtheindustrylastweekwhenitagreedtobuyMotorola’sSMRfrequenciesfor$1.8billion.Thatcouldposeaseriousthreattocellularhegemony.AlthoughbothsystemsarebasedonthesamebasictechnologySMRsystemsaredigitalandcoveralmost25timesasmuchareaastheaveragecellularnetwork.SMRhandsetswon’tworkoncellularsystemsandtendtobebulkierthancellularphonesthoughtheyprovidemorefeatureslikeadigitalpagerservice.Andwhilecellulargrowthhastripledtosome13millionsubscriberssince2000thetechnologyhasbeenlosingground.Itisrunningoutofchannelcapacitysofastinfactthat40%ofcellularcallsinhigh-densityareaslikeManhattanandLosAngelesfailtobecompleted.SMRshavecapacitytospareandservicecouldeventuallybepriced10%to15%lessthancellular.Dispatcherspredicttheywillhaveatleast10millionsubscribersbytheendofthedecade.Therearenowabout1.5millionusersofSMRs.Theadditionofanothercontendertoanalreadycrowdedfieldoftelephonesystemswillsurelymultiplytheconfusion.Bytheyear2010consumerswillbeabletochoosefromatleasthalfadozenvendorsofadizzyingarrayofwireless-communicationsservicesincludingpagersvoicemailansweringmachinesandcellularphones.PhoneandcabletelevisionoperatorssuchasBellSouthMCIandCoxEnterprisesaredevelopingso-calledpersonalcommunicationsnetworksorPCNsahighlyadvancedportable-phonesystemthatisexpectedtocoverawiderareaconnecttoagreatervarietyofservicesandbecheapertooperatethanconventionalcellular.Andmanycompaniesthathavegambledonthewrongtechnologicalstandardsandinvestedbillionstryingtodevelopthesamemarketswillundoubtedlyloseagreatdealofmoneybeforetheshakeoutisover.ThewinnerssaysNextelchairmanMorganO’Brienwillbethosewhocanmakethechoiceforconsumerseasy.Withalltheanticipatedconfusion--mindfuloftheearlyyearsofpersonalcomputers--itislikelytobeyearsbeforeanyonecallsthepurchaseofwirelessproductsaneasychoice.Thebasicproblemwithmobiletelephonecompaniesas.pointedoutbythewriterliesintheir
AnalystshavetheirgoathumorandIhavereadsomeofthisinterpretativeliterature1withoutbeinggreatlyinstructed.Humorcanbe23afrogcanbutthethingdiesintheprocessandtheinnardsare4toanybutthepurescientificmind. Oneofthethings5saidabouthumoristsisthattheyarereallyverysad’peopleclownswithabreakingheart.Thereissometruthinitbutitisbadly6.Itwouldbemore7Ithinktosaythatthereisadeepveinofmelancholyrunningthrougheveryone’slifeandthatthehumoristperhapsmore8ofitthansomeotherscompensatesforitactivelyand9Humoristsfattenontroubles.Theyhavealwaysmadetrouble10Theystrugglealongwithagoodwillandendurepain11knowinghowwellitwill12theminthesweetbyandby.Youfindthemwrestlingwithforeignlanguagesfightingfoldingironinghoardsand’swollendrainpipessufferingtheterrible13oftightboots.Theypourouttheirsorrowsprofitablyina14ofwhatisnotquitefictionnorquitefacteither.Beneaththesparkingsurfaceofthesedilemmasflowsthestrong15ofhumanwoe. Practicallyeveryoneisamanicdepressiveofsortswithhisupmomentsandhisdownmomentsandyoucertainlydon’thavetobeahumoristto16thesadnessofsituationandmood.Butthereisoftenaratherfinelinebetweenlaughingandcryingandifahumorouspieceofwritingbringsapersontothepoint17hisemotionalresponsesareuntrustworthyandseemlikelytobreakoverintotheoppositerealmitis18humorlikepoetryhasanextracontentitplays19tothebighotfirewhichisTruthandsometimesthereaderfeelsthe20. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCandDonANSWERSHEET1.17
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