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在请求分页存储管理中若采用FIFO的页面淘汰算法当分配的页面数增加时缺页中断的次数
减少
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在请求分页存储管理方案中如果所需的页面不在内存中则产生缺页中断它属于
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在请求页式存储管理中若所需页面不在内存中则会引起
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在虚拟页式存储管理中由于所需页面不在内存中则发生缺页中断缺页中断属于下面的______
硬件中断
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在请求分页存储管理中若采用FIFO页面淘汰算法则当分配的页面增加时缺页中断的次数
减少
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在虚拟页式存储管理中由于所需页面不在内存则发缺页中断缺页中断属于______
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在虚拟页式存储管理中由于所需页面不在内存则发生缺页中断缺页中断属于
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在请求页式存储系统中当所需页面不在内存时会引起
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在请求分页存储管理中若采用FIFO页面淘汰算法则当进程分配到的页面数增加时缺页中断的次数
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在采用请求分页式存储管理的系统中地址变换过程可能会因为缺页和越界等原因 而产生________
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Directions: ReadthefollowingChinesetextandwriteanabstractofitin80～100Englishwords. 现代化要求教师角色重新定位 中国教育现代化的最终达成相当程度上取决于作为教育主体力量的教师富于创新智慧的开拓性教育实践全球化教育语境迫切要求教师角色的历史性创新 全球化已经并将继续催生教育基本理念的诸多深刻转换在知识观方面全球化知识经济的新环境使知识的创新和文明的传播出现了基于知识注重更新追求升级换代并且知识更新换代周期短数量大的新特征这样知识的传授从传统的过去时转向新颖的未来时在学习观方面突破空间阻隔的国际互联网正在并终将把全球的学校研究所图书馆和其他种种信息资源联结起来构成一个庞大和复杂的资源库以教师为中心的灌输式教学将被以学习者为中心的自主式学习所取代个体的志向兴趣和精神发展的种种需求将上升为学习的主导性力量在教师观方而随着全球化语境中学生个人的知识来源多元化教师不再被视作知识的唯一拥有者和化身其功能主要不是传授知识而是引导和激励学生探寻发现和创造性地运用知识并与之和谐共享教师工作由传授知识变为开发学生智慧和精神资源职责更为全面使命更加重要 这些教育理念的诸多变化必然对教师传统角色形成新的挑战以全球化视角来看教师所关注的并不是通常所谓的灌输条理分明的知识而是保护使每个学生找到适合自己道路的环境条件由此可以管窥教师因其职责转换而引发的一系列角色创新 首先教师要成为学生教育学意义上的交往者以平等的人格除伪的语言同步实行与学生的人际交往与心灵交流教师以平等的姿态接纳交互主体的差异性独特性甚至是局限性并将这些视作极其珍贵极其重要的教育资源而不是以严密预设的目标来封闭开放性对话的“边界”因此教师全方位超越了知识提供者人生设计者之类传统的“权威”角色 其次教师要成为学生可持续自主化学习的有力促进者一方面教师的教育价值在于引导和促进学生积极主动地去求知这样教师帮学生主动“要学”显然远比被动“学好”更为重要因为前者才是促进学生坚韧不拔穿越坎坷有望建树的“可持续学习”后者只是复制既往重在守成的“维持性学习”而重要的另一方面在于教师通过平等和诚挚的对话促进学生不断地寻找发现那条开发自我更新旧我的独特道路从而赋予其学习活动以个体生命的情感体验和深沉意义正因如此教师促进学生“会学”显然远比“学会”更重要所谓“会学”即教师要促进学生养成开放性思维品格弹性化价值尺度和变通性发展方向故“会学”具有指向未来超越和创新的展开性而“学会”则往往局限于既定和既有的知识与义理难免带有一定的滞后性 再次教师要成为学生智慧和情意等精神资源的深度开发者所谓开发者即教师要以忘我奉献的精神去珍爱和维持教育学意义上的诸多“环境条件”以利于教师不仅释放出青春的智慧而且高扬起崇高的理想精神坚定的意志品格和纯洁的道德力量从而通过一生可持续发展走出属于自己的那条创新性和建树性道路 展望全球化所引导的新时代学校作为多元化文明的集散地将在创造新人的过程中发挥更为重要的作用为了适应未来社会和未来教育发展对教师角色的新需求教师应努力把握自身素质结构发展的基本价值取向重铸自身的人格和精神结构 一是发展面向全球多元文化选择融合有机统一的开放性和创新性思维素质全球教育竞争在相当程度上取决于教师的思维素质和其思辨力的广度和深度教师应着力追求以开放性和创新性为基本特征的思维品格由于网络能够及时迅速完整地提供一个真实的全球语境学生已拥有个性和求异思维的发展空间故教师能否以开放性眼光评估和引导学生们五彩缤纷的心智流向客观对待母体文化和异质文化无疑是对教师“教育文明”的一种严峻考验 二是发展适应全球交际需要有力促进学生精神健康发育的世界性和现代性人格素质生命的品位灵魂的境界取决于人格素质面对信息多元化思维自由化的全球语境下时代新特征面对克隆羊的诞生使人的批量生产在技术上成为可能黑客的袭击可以摧毁一个国家的金融甚至防卫系统等这些对人类传统价值观的新挑战教师的教育范畴显然存在着从单一的认知领域向情感道德意志和行为等非认知领域扩展的现实问题势必要求教师自觉主动地优化作为一门隐蔽课程而存在并发挥着重大潜教育价值的自身人格素质教师要有对全人类对未来生活的超越性理想精神及其敬业态度要有以爱心为内核的博大情怀要有堪为表率的道德品格还要敢于对学生不耻下问以期达到教学相长学海无涯的美好境界 三是发展符合全球化新时代潮流的教育理论素质在人类文明的发展中文字的出现与印刷术的诞生引发了教育两次质的飞跃新世纪以来高新科技正以前所未有的加速度推进着教育的又一次重大变革尤其是多媒体和信息高速公路成为人类步入全球化网络时代的重要标志极为深刻地影响着学校教育理念和模式教师理当优化自身教育理论素质从而把原本缺乏人的活力的现代教育技术融入以人为主体的活生生的教育进程中去
在下列物理结构中不利于文件长度动态增长的文件物理结构是
页式存储管理时每读/写一个数据要访问次主存
什么叫重定位重定位的方式有哪两种比较它们的不同
采用可变分区方式管理主存空间时若主存中按地址顺序依次有五个空闲区空闲区的大小分别为15K28K10K226K110K现有五个作业J1J2J3J4和J5它们所需要的主存依次为10K15K102K26K和80K如果采用最先适应分配算法能把这5个作业按J1以J5的次序全部装入主存吗用什么分配算法装入5个作业可使主存的利用率最高
46Theclimaticphenomenonthatisbeingblamedforfloodshurricanesandearlysnowstormsalsodeservescreditforencouragingplantgrowthandhelpingtocontrolthepollutantlinkedtoglobalwarminganewstudyshows.E1Nino—theperiodicwarmingofeasternPacificOceanwaters—causesaburstofplantgrowththroughouttheworldandthisremovescarbondioxidefromtheatmosphereresearchershavefound.47ThenewstudyshowsthatnaturalweathereventssuchasthebriefwarmingcausedbyE1Ninohaveamuchmoredramaticeffectthanpreviouslybelievedonhowmuchcarbondioxideisabsorbedbyplantsandhowmuchofthegasisexpelledbythesoil.AtmosphericcarbondioxideorCO2hasbeenincreasingsteadilyfordecades.Thisisthoughttobecausedbyanexpandeduseoffossilfuelsandbytopplingoftropicalforests.ScientistshavelinkedtheCO2risetoglobalwarmingaphenomenonknownasthegreenhouseeffect.48Alarmednationsoftheworldnowaredrawingupnewconservationpoliciestoreducefossilfuelburninginhopesofreducinggreenhousegasesintheatmosphere.ButDavidSchimeloftheNationalCenterforAtmosphericResearchaco-authorofthenewstudysaysthatbeforedetermininghowmuchtoreducefossilfuelburningweshouldconsidertheeffectsofnaturalclimatevariationsontheabilityofplantstoabsorbCO2.SchimelsaidsatellitemeasurementsofCO2plantgrowthandtemperatureshowthatnaturalwarmingeventssuchasE1NinoatfirstcausemoreCO2tobereleasedintotheatmosphereprobablyastheresultofaccelerateddecayofdeadplantmatterinthesoil.Butlaterwithintwoyearsthereisanexplosionofgrowthinforestsandgrasslandswhichmeansplantssuckmorecarbondioxideoutoftheatmosphere.WethinkthatthereisadelayedresponseinvegetationandsoiltothewarmingeffectsofsuchphenomenaasE1NinoandthisleadstoincreasedplantgrowthsaidSchimel.49HoweverhesaiditisnotclearwhetherthewarmingbyE1NinocausesanetdecreaseinthebuildupofCO2overthelonghaul.Wedon’treallyknowthatyetsaidSchimel.WhatthestudydoesshowhoweveristhattheriseandfallofCO2intheatmosphereisstronglyinfluencedbynaturalchangesinglobaltemperaturesaidB.H.BraswelloftheUniversityofNewHampshireanotherco-authorofthestudy.Braswellsaidthatinyearswhentheglobalweatheriscoolerthannormalthereisadecreaseinboththedecayofdeadplantsandinnewplantgrowth.ThiscausesaneffectthatistheoppositeofE1Ninowarming:CO2atmospherelevelsfirstdeclineandlaterincrease.50IthinkwehavedemonstratedthattheecosystemhasalotmoretodowithclimatechangethanwaspreviouslybelievedsaidBraswellFocusingontheroleofhumanactivityinclimatechangeisimportantbutmanmadefactorsarenottheonlyfactors./
[A]Convenientpackaging[B]Healthandwellness[C]Skepticalcustomers[D]Enormousmarkets[E]Soaringsales[F]TrendydrinkInthelast40yearsthebottledwaterindustryhasgonefromabusinessprospectthatfewtookseriouslytoaglobalindustryworthbillionsofpounds.Thecommodityitselfremainssimple.Thewaywethinkaboutithaschangedfundamentally.Waterisnaturalpureandsourcedatminimalcost.Itsrealvalueliesinitsmarketingandbranding.IthinkbottledwateristhemostrevealingsubstanceforshowingushowtheglobalcapitalistmarketworkstodaysaysRichardWilkprofessorofanthropologyatIndianaUniversity.Inasensewe’rebuyingchoicewe’rebuyingfreedom.That’stheonlythingthatcanexplainwhyyouwouldpaymoneyforabottleofsomethingthatyoucanotherwisegetforfree.41.______Throughaconfectionofadvertisingandmarketingbottledwaterhasbecomeoneofthebiggestsuccessstoriesinthemodernfoodandbeverageindustry.ThedemandforbottlewaterhasgrownexponentiallyinthelastfewdecadessaysDr.PeterGleickauthorofBottledandSold.It’sdoubledit’sdoubledagainandit’sdoubledagain.Andthebottlewatercompaniesseeenormousmarketsnotjustintherichcountriesbutalsointhepoorercountries.NoactualvarietySomepeoplethinkthatbottledwateristhehighpointofglobalcapitalismparticularlythepeopleinthebottledwaterbusiness.Ithinkbottledwateractuallyrepresentsakindofcaricatureoftheglobaleconomy.Itprovidespeopleinthedevelopedworldwith20or30varietiesofsomethingforwhichthereisnoactualvarietysaysCharlesFishmanauthorofTheBigThirst.42.______.Atthebeginningtherereallywasnovarietyandthebottledwaterphenomenonbeganwithonebrand.Perrier佩绿雅矿泉水品牌wasatriumphofadvertisingcreatingabrandthatwastodefineageneration.AttheheartofthecampaigntomakethebrandpopularwasRichardWheatleyoftheLeoBurnettadvertisingagencybetween1979and1994.Perrierpopularisedbottledwaterhesays.Itmadeitacceptablemorethanacceptableitmadeit...desirable.Butitwasnotaninstantsuccess.WhenPerrierUKwaslookingtoincreaseitssalesintheearly1970’sitfacedaskepticalpublic.Manyquestionedwhyanyonewouldbuywaterwhenyoucouldgetitfreefromthetap.43.______.FacedwithobstaclesPerrierturnedtoadvertisingwithacampaignthatwastochangeourconsumerlandscapeforever.Thecampaignwasamarketingcoupandsaleswentthroughtherooffrom12millionbottlesin1980to152millionbytheendofthedecade.Perrierwasnolongerjustabottleofwater.Themarketingandadvertisingteamshadestablishedacrucialemotionallinkbetweentheproductandtheconsumers.PerrierbecameabadgesaysMichaelBellaschairmanoftheBeverageMarketingCorporation.WhenyouheldaPerrierbottleupitsaidsomethingaboutyourselfitsaidyouweresophisticatedyouunderstoodwhatwashappeningintheworld.Itwasaperfectbeveragefortheyoungandcomingbusinessexecutivesthetrend-setters.44.______.Inanageofinstantgratificationstillwaterinportablebottlesprovidedwhatpeopleneededexactlywhentheyneededit.PeopleingeneralaremoreandmoretimepressedsaysMr.Fishman.Wedon’tcookourownmealsanymoreweeatpreparedfoodsofallkinds.Andthere’snothingmoreappealingthanabottleofcoldwateratamomentwhenyou’rereallythirsty.ButIthinkbottledwaterisoneofthoseproductsthatonmanyoccasionswhenpeoplebuyitwhatthey’rebuyingisn’tthewatersomuchasthebottle.Thatisthepackageandtheconvenienceatthatmoment.45.______.WhenpeopleboughtthisconveniencewhattheywerereallybuyingwasPolyethyleneTerephthalateorPETthesinglemostimportantinnovationintheindustry’shistory.StrongshatterproofandahighlyvaluedformofpolyesterPETisaby-productoftheoilindustry.Itisnowutilisedinthepackagingofeverythingfrompharmaceuticalsandsoaptoreadymeals.InyearstocometheenvironmentalimpactofPETwouldhaunttheindustryandraisequestionsaboutitsverysurvivalbutinthe1990sthiswasarevolution.AccordingtoMr.Bellasitwasbehindthesubsequentincrediblegrowthoftheindustry.StartingwiththeintroductionofthesmallpremiumPETwatersthecategorystartedtoexplodesaysMr.Bellas.ThebottledwaterindustrybeforePETonthelistofallbeveragecategorieswasnumberseven.WiththeadventofPETwaterjumpedtothenumbertwospotbehindcarbonatedsoftdrinks.Bybrandingandmarketingwaterbottledwaterhasbeentransformedfromsomethingthatmanyofustookforgrantedintoaproductthatnowmakesbillionsforglobalmultinationalcompanies.
对可变分区中的碎片以下说法不正确的是
动态重定位需要由来实现
下面关于存储管理的功能的说法正确的是
页式存储管理的主要特点是
在页式虚拟存储管理中常用的页面调度算法有____________和______
所谓LRU页面置换调度算法是淘汰掉
分页和分段有何区别为什么说分段系统较之分页系统更易于实现信息共享和保护如何实现
[A]Convenientpackaging[B]Healthandwellness[C]Skepticalcustomers[D]Enormousmarkets[E]Soaringsales[F]TrendydrinkInthelast40yearsthebottledwaterindustryhasgonefromabusinessprospectthatfewtookseriouslytoaglobalindustryworthbillionsofpounds.Thecommodityitselfremainssimple.Thewaywethinkaboutithaschangedfundamentally.Waterisnaturalpureandsourcedatminimalcost.Itsrealvalueliesinitsmarketingandbranding.IthinkbottledwateristhemostrevealingsubstanceforshowingushowtheglobalcapitalistmarketworkstodaysaysRichardWilkprofessorofanthropologyatIndianaUniversity.Inasensewe’rebuyingchoicewe’rebuyingfreedom.That’stheonlythingthatcanexplainwhyyouwouldpaymoneyforabottleofsomethingthatyoucanotherwisegetforfree.41.______Throughaconfectionofadvertisingandmarketingbottledwaterhasbecomeoneofthebiggestsuccessstoriesinthemodernfoodandbeverageindustry.ThedemandforbottlewaterhasgrownexponentiallyinthelastfewdecadessaysDr.PeterGleickauthorofBottledandSold.It’sdoubledit’sdoubledagainandit’sdoubledagain.Andthebottlewatercompaniesseeenormousmarketsnotjustintherichcountriesbutalsointhepoorercountries.NoactualvarietySomepeoplethinkthatbottledwateristhehighpointofglobalcapitalismparticularlythepeopleinthebottledwaterbusiness.Ithinkbottledwateractuallyrepresentsakindofcaricatureoftheglobaleconomy.Itprovidespeopleinthedevelopedworldwith20or30varietiesofsomethingforwhichthereisnoactualvarietysaysCharlesFishmanauthorofTheBigThirst.42.______.Atthebeginningtherereallywasnovarietyandthebottledwaterphenomenonbeganwithonebrand.Perrier佩绿雅矿泉水品牌wasatriumphofadvertisingcreatingabrandthatwastodefineageneration.AttheheartofthecampaigntomakethebrandpopularwasRichardWheatleyoftheLeoBurnettadvertisingagencybetween1979and1994.Perrierpopularisedbottledwaterhesays.Itmadeitacceptablemorethanacceptableitmadeit...desirable.Butitwasnotaninstantsuccess.WhenPerrierUKwaslookingtoincreaseitssalesintheearly1970’sitfacedaskepticalpublic.Manyquestionedwhyanyonewouldbuywaterwhenyoucouldgetitfreefromthetap.43.______.FacedwithobstaclesPerrierturnedtoadvertisingwithacampaignthatwastochangeourconsumerlandscapeforever.Thecampaignwasamarketingcoupandsaleswentthroughtherooffrom12millionbottlesin1980to152millionbytheendofthedecade.Perrierwasnolongerjustabottleofwater.Themarketingandadvertisingteamshadestablishedacrucialemotionallinkbetweentheproductandtheconsumers.PerrierbecameabadgesaysMichaelBellaschairmanoftheBeverageMarketingCorporation.WhenyouheldaPerrierbottleupitsaidsomethingaboutyourselfitsaidyouweresophisticatedyouunderstoodwhatwashappeningintheworld.Itwasaperfectbeveragefortheyoungandcomingbusinessexecutivesthetrend-setters.44.______.Inanageofinstantgratificationstillwaterinportablebottlesprovidedwhatpeopleneededexactlywhentheyneededit.PeopleingeneralaremoreandmoretimepressedsaysMr.Fishman.Wedon’tcookourownmealsanymoreweeatpreparedfoodsofallkinds.Andthere’snothingmoreappealingthanabottleofcoldwateratamomentwhenyou’rereallythirsty.ButIthinkbottledwaterisoneofthoseproductsthatonmanyoccasionswhenpeoplebuyitwhatthey’rebuyingisn’tthewatersomuchasthebottle.Thatisthepackageandtheconvenienceatthatmoment.45.______.WhenpeopleboughtthisconveniencewhattheywerereallybuyingwasPolyethyleneTerephthalateorPETthesinglemostimportantinnovationintheindustry’shistory.StrongshatterproofandahighlyvaluedformofpolyesterPETisaby-productoftheoilindustry.Itisnowutilisedinthepackagingofeverythingfrompharmaceuticalsandsoaptoreadymeals.InyearstocometheenvironmentalimpactofPETwouldhaunttheindustryandraisequestionsaboutitsverysurvivalbutinthe1990sthiswasarevolution.AccordingtoMr.Bellasitwasbehindthesubsequentincrediblegrowthoftheindustry.StartingwiththeintroductionofthesmallpremiumPETwatersthecategorystartedtoexplodesaysMr.Bellas.ThebottledwaterindustrybeforePETonthelistofallbeveragecategorieswasnumberseven.WiththeadventofPETwaterjumpedtothenumbertwospotbehindcarbonatedsoftdrinks.Bybrandingandmarketingwaterbottledwaterhasbeentransformedfromsomethingthatmanyofustookforgrantedintoaproductthatnowmakesbillionsforglobalmultinationalcompanies.
目标程序所对应的地址空间是
46Theclimaticphenomenonthatisbeingblamedforfloodshurricanesandearlysnowstormsalsodeservescreditforencouragingplantgrowthandhelpingtocontrolthepollutantlinkedtoglobalwarminganewstudyshows.E1Nino—theperiodicwarmingofeasternPacificOceanwaters—causesaburstofplantgrowththroughouttheworldandthisremovescarbondioxidefromtheatmosphereresearchershavefound.47ThenewstudyshowsthatnaturalweathereventssuchasthebriefwarmingcausedbyE1Ninohaveamuchmoredramaticeffectthanpreviouslybelievedonhowmuchcarbondioxideisabsorbedbyplantsandhowmuchofthegasisexpelledbythesoil.AtmosphericcarbondioxideorCO2hasbeenincreasingsteadilyfordecades.Thisisthoughttobecausedbyanexpandeduseoffossilfuelsandbytopplingoftropicalforests.ScientistshavelinkedtheCO2risetoglobalwarmingaphenomenonknownasthegreenhouseeffect.48Alarmednationsoftheworldnowaredrawingupnewconservationpoliciestoreducefossilfuelburninginhopesofreducinggreenhousegasesintheatmosphere.ButDavidSchimeloftheNationalCenterforAtmosphericResearchaco-authorofthenewstudysaysthatbeforedetermininghowmuchtoreducefossilfuelburningweshouldconsidertheeffectsofnaturalclimatevariationsontheabilityofplantstoabsorbCO2.SchimelsaidsatellitemeasurementsofCO2plantgrowthandtemperatureshowthatnaturalwarmingeventssuchasE1NinoatfirstcausemoreCO2tobereleasedintotheatmosphereprobablyastheresultofaccelerateddecayofdeadplantmatterinthesoil.Butlaterwithintwoyearsthereisanexplosionofgrowthinforestsandgrasslandswhichmeansplantssuckmorecarbondioxideoutoftheatmosphere.WethinkthatthereisadelayedresponseinvegetationandsoiltothewarmingeffectsofsuchphenomenaasE1NinoandthisleadstoincreasedplantgrowthsaidSchimel.49HoweverhesaiditisnotclearwhetherthewarmingbyE1NinocausesanetdecreaseinthebuildupofCO2overthelonghaul.Wedon’treallyknowthatyetsaidSchimel.WhatthestudydoesshowhoweveristhattheriseandfallofCO2intheatmosphereisstronglyinfluencedbynaturalchangesinglobaltemperaturesaidB.H.BraswelloftheUniversityofNewHampshireanotherco-authorofthestudy.Braswellsaidthatinyearswhentheglobalweatheriscoolerthannormalthereisadecreaseinboththedecayofdeadplantsandinnewplantgrowth.ThiscausesaneffectthatistheoppositeofE1Ninowarming:CO2atmospherelevelsfirstdeclineandlaterincrease.50IthinkwehavedemonstratedthattheecosystemhasalotmoretodowithclimatechangethanwaspreviouslybelievedsaidBraswellFocusingontheroleofhumanactivityinclimatechangeisimportantbutmanmadefactorsarenottheonlyfactors./
计算机系统中的存储器可以分成两类______和______
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在固定分区可变分区页式管理段式管理段页式管理虚拟页式管理虚拟段式管理和虚拟段页式中同时需要设置段表和页表的存储管理方法的个数是
可变分区管理方式常用的主存分配算法有____________和______
在固定分区可变分区方式中也可实现虚拟存储器
动态重定位是由______和______相互配合来实现的
存储管理的目的是
段式存储管理是将作业分成多个有______的段而主存的分配同______
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