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SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10PointsShynessisthecauseofmuchunhappinessforagreatmanypeople.Shypeopleare1andserf-conscious;thatistheyare2concernedwiththeirownappearanceandactions.3thoughtsare4occurringintheirminds:WhatkindofimpressionamImakingItisobviousthatsuch5feelingsmustaffectpeopleadversely.Aperson’sself-conceptis6inthewayheorshebehavesandthewayapersonbehavesaffectsotherpeople’sreactions.7thewaypeoplethinkaboutthemselveshasaprofoundeffectonallareasoftheirlives.Shypeoplehavinglow8arelikelytobepassiveandeasilyinfluencedbyothers.Theyneedreassurance9theyaredoing"thefightthing".Shypeoplearevery10tocriticism;theyfeelit11theirinferiority.Ashypersonmay12toacomplimentwithastatementlikethisone:"You’rejustsayingthattomakemefeelgood."Itisclearthat13self-awarenessisahealthyqualityoverdoingitisharmful.Canshynessbecompletely14oratleastreducedFortunatelypeoplecanovercomeshynesswithdeterminedandpatienteffortinbuildingself-confidence.Sinceshynessgoes15withlackofserf-esteemitisimportantforpeopletoaccepttheirweaknessaswellastheirstrengths.Forexamplemostpeoplewouldliketobe"A"studentsineverysubject.Itisnotfairforthemto16themselvesinferiorbecausetheyhavedifficulty17someareas.People’sexpectationsofthemselvesmustbe18Eachoneofusisauniqueworthwhileindividual.Thebetterweunderstandourselvestheeasieritbecomesto19ourfullpotential.Let’snotallowshynesstoblockourchancesforarichand20life. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.11
PartBDirections:Youaregoingtoreadatextaboutthenatureofdisputesfollowedbyalistofsupportingdetailsorexamples.ChoosethebestsupportingmaterialorexamplefromthelistA-Fforeachnumberedsubheading41-45.Thereisoneextraexamplewhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.10points.Toresolveadisputemeanstoturnopposingpositionsintoasingleoutcome.Thetwopartiesmaychoosetofocustheirattentionononeormoreofthreebasicfactors.Theymayseekto1reconciletheirinterests2determinewhoisrightand/or3determinewhoismorepowerful.41DisagreementofinterestsInterestsareneedsdesiresconcernsfears--thethingsonecaresaboutorwants.Theypro-videthefoundationforaperson’soranorganisation’spositioninadispute.Inadisputenotonlydotheinterestsofonepartynotcoincidewiththoseoftheotherpartybuttheyareinconflict.ForexamplethedirectorofsalesforanelectronicscompanygetsintoadisputewiththedirectorofmanufacturingoverthenumberofTVmodelstoproduce.42MethodsofsettlingconflictinginterestsReconcilingsuchinterestsisnoteasy.Itinvolvesprobingfordeeplyrootedconcernsdevisingcreativesolutionsandmakingtrade-offsandcompromiseswhereinterestsareopposed.Themostcommonprocedurefordoingthisisnegotiationtheactofcommunicationintendedtoreachagreement.43TheuseofnegotiationfordifferentdisputetypesBynomeansdoallnegotiationsormediationsfocusonreconcilinginterests.Somenegotiationsfocusondeterminingwhoisrightsuchaswhentwolawyersargueaboutwhosecasehasthegreatermerit.44Handlingrights-baseddisputesThereareoftendifferent---andsometimescontradictory--standardsthatapplytorights.Reachingagreementonrightswheretheoutcomewilldeterminewhogetswhatcanoftenbesodifficultthatthepartiesfrequentlyturntoathirdpartytodeterminewhoisright.Themosttypicalrightsprocedureisadjudicationinwhichdisputantspresentevidenceandargumentstoaneutralthirdpartywhohasthepowertomakeadecisionthatmustbefollowedbybothdisputants.Inmediationbycontrastthethirdpartydoesnothavethepowertodecidethedispute.Publicadjudicationisprovidedbycourtsandadministrativeagencies.Privateadjudicationisprovidedbyarbitrators.45TheroleofpowerinsettlingdisagreementsAthirdwaytoresolveadisputeisonthebasisofpower.Wedefinepowersomewhatnarrowlyastheabilitytopressuresomeonetodosomethinghewouldnototherwisedo.Inrelationshipsofmutualdependencesuchasbetweenlaborandmanagementorwithinanorganizationorafamilythequestionofwhoismorepowerfulturnsonwhoislessdependentontheother.Ifacompanyneedstheemployees’workmorethanemployeesneedthecompany’spaythecompanyismoredependentandhencelesspowerful.Howdependentoneisturnsonhowsatisfactorythealternativesareforsatisfyingone’sinterests.Thebetterthealternativethelessdependentoneis.Ifitiseasierforthecompanytoreplacestrikingemployeesthanitisforstrikingemployeestofindnewjobsthecompanyislessdependentandtherebymorepowerful.Determiningwhoisthemorepowerfulpartywithoutadecisiveandpotentiallydestructivepowercontestisdifficultbecausepowerisultimatelyamatterofperceptions. [A]Anotherinterests-basedprocedureismediationinwhichathirdpartyassiststhedisputantsthetwosidesinthedisputeinreachingagreement. [B]Othernegotiationslocusondeterminingwhoismorepowerfulsuchaswhenquarrellingmeighboursornationsexchangethreatsandcounterthreats.Oftennegotiationsinvolveamixofallthree--someattemptstosatisfyinterestssomediscussionofrightsandsomereferencestorelativepower. [C]Weoftenencounterdisputes.Ifwedon’tdealwithitpropertyitwillbringunexpectedout-cometous. [D]ThedirectorofsaleswantstoproducemoremodelsbecauseherinterestisinsellingTVsets;moremodelsmeanmorechoiceforconsumersandhenceincreasedsales.Thedirectorofmanufacturinghoweverwantstoproducefewermodels.Hisinterestisindecreasingmanufacturingcostsandmoremodelsmeanhighercosts. [E]Exercisingpowertypicallymeansimposingcostsontheothersideorthreateningtodoso.Theexerciseofpowertakestwocommonforms:actsofaggressionsuchasphysicalattackandwithholdingthebenefitsthatderivefromarelationshipaswhenemployeesstopworkinginastrike. [F]Itisoftencomplicatedtoattempttodeterminewhoisrightinadispute.Althoughitisusuallystraightforwardwhererightsareformalizedinlawotherrightstaketheformofunwrittenbutsociallyacceptedstandardsofbehavioursuchasreciprocityprecedentequalityandseniority. 41
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10PointsShynessisthecauseofmuchunhappinessforagreatmanypeople.Shypeopleare1andserf-conscious;thatistheyare2concernedwiththeirownappearanceandactions.3thoughtsare4occurringintheirminds:WhatkindofimpressionamImakingItisobviousthatsuch5feelingsmustaffectpeopleadversely.Aperson’sself-conceptis6inthewayheorshebehavesandthewayapersonbehavesaffectsotherpeople’sreactions.7thewaypeoplethinkaboutthemselveshasaprofoundeffectonallareasoftheirlives.Shypeoplehavinglow8arelikelytobepassiveandeasilyinfluencedbyothers.Theyneedreassurance9theyaredoing"thefightthing".Shypeoplearevery10tocriticism;theyfeelit11theirinferiority.Ashypersonmay12toacomplimentwithastatementlikethisone:"You’rejustsayingthattomakemefeelgood."Itisclearthat13self-awarenessisahealthyqualityoverdoingitisharmful.Canshynessbecompletely14oratleastreducedFortunatelypeoplecanovercomeshynesswithdeterminedandpatienteffortinbuildingself-confidence.Sinceshynessgoes15withlackofserf-esteemitisimportantforpeopletoaccepttheirweaknessaswellastheirstrengths.Forexamplemostpeoplewouldliketobe"A"studentsineverysubject.Itisnotfairforthemto16themselvesinferiorbecausetheyhavedifficulty17someareas.People’sexpectationsofthemselvesmustbe18Eachoneofusisauniqueworthwhileindividual.Thebetterweunderstandourselvestheeasieritbecomesto19ourfullpotential.Let’snotallowshynesstoblockourchancesforarichand20life. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.15
Text3OfallthetruthsthatthisgenerationofAmericansholdself-evidentfewaremoredeeplyembeddedinthenationalpsychethanthemaxim"Itpaystogotocollege."SincetheGIBilltrans-formedhighereducationintheaftermathofWWIIacollegediplomaonceabirthrightoftheleisuredfewhasbecomeanattractionfortheupwardlymobileasintegraltotheAmericandreamasthepursuitofhappinessitself.Thenumberstellthestory:in1950s43%ofhigh-schoolgraduateswentontopursuesomeformofhighereducation;attilesametimeonly6%ofAmericanswerecollegegraduates.Butby1998almost2tooutof3secondary-schoolgraduateswereoptingforhighereducation--and21%ofamuchlargerU.S.populationhadcollegediplomas.AsProf.HerbertLondonofNewYorkUniversitytoldacommencementaudiencelastJune:"thecollegeexperiencehasgonefromaritepassagetoarightofpassage."Howeverastheclassof2004issopainfullydiscoveringwhileacollegediplomaremainsarequisitecredentialforascendingtheeconomicladderitnolongerguaranteesthegoodlife.RarelysincetheendoftheGreatDepressionhasthejoboutlookforcollegegraduatesappearedsobleak:ofthe1.1millionstudentswhoreceivedtheirbachelordegreeslastspringfewerthan20%hadlinedupfull-timeemploymentbycommencement.Indeedanuncertainjobmarkethasprecipitatedawaveofeconomicfearandtremblingamongtheyoung."Manyofmyclassmatesareabsolutelyterrified"saysoneofthefortunatefewwhodidmanagetolandapermanentposition."Theywonderifthey’lleverfindajob."Someofthisrecession-inducedanxietywilldisappearifarecoveryfinallybeginstogeneratejobsatwhateconomistsconsideranormalrate.Butthesadfactisthatfortheforeseeablefuturecollegegraduateswillinconsiderablesurplusenablingemployerstorequireadegreeevenforjobsforwhichacollegeeducationisreallyunnecessary.AccordingtoKristinaShelleyoftheBureauofLaborStatistics--whobasesherestimateona"moderateprojection"ofcurrenttrends--30per-centofcollegegraduatesenteringthelabort0rcebetweennowandtheyear2008willbeunemployedorwillfindemploymentinjobsforwhichtheywillbeoverqualifiedjoiningwhateconomistscallthe"educationallyunderutilized."Indeeditmaybequiteawhile--ifever--beforethoseworkingtemporarilyascocktailwaitressesortaxidriverswillbeabletopursuetheirprimarycareerpaths.Ofcoursewaitingontablesandbustlingcabfaresarerespectablewaystoearnaliving.ButtheyarenotquitewhatsomanyyoungAmericans--andtheirparents--hadinmindastheendproductoffourexpensiveyearsincollege. Accordingtothepassagewhatcauseseducationallyunderutilizing
Text2SoBig.Fwasthemorevisibleoftiletworecentwavesofinfectionbecauseitpropagateditselfbye-mailmeaningthatvictimsnoticedwhatwasgoingon.SoBig.Fwassoeffectivethatitcausedsubstantialdisruptioneventothoseprotectedbyanti-virussoftware.Thatwasbecausesomanycopiesofthevirusspreadthatmanymachineswereoverwhelmedbymessagesfromtheirownanti-virussoftware.Ontopofthatonecommoncounter-measurebackfiredincreasingtrafficstillfurthers.Anti-virussoftwareoftenbouncesawarningbacktothesenderofaninfectede-mailsayingthatthee-mailinquestioncannotbedeliveredbecauseitcontainsavirus.SoBig.Fwasabletospoofthissystemby"harvesting"e-mailaddressesfromtheharddisksofinfectedcomputers.Someoftheseaddresseswerethensentinfectede-mailsthathadbeendoctoredtolookasthoughtheyhadcomefromotherharvestedaddresses.Thelatterwerethussentwarningseventhoughtheirmachinesmaynothavebeeninfected.KevinHaleyofSymantecafirmthatmakesanti-virussoftwarethinksthatonereasonSoBig.Fwassomuchmoreeffectivethanothervirusesthatworkthiswayisbecauseitwasbetteratsearchinghard-drivesforaddresses.BrianKingofCERTaninternet-securitycenteratCarnegie-MellonUniversityinPittsburghnotethatunlikeitsprecursorsSoBig.Fwascapableof"multi-threading":itcouldsendmultiplee-mailssimultaneouslyallowingittodispatchthousandsinminutes.Blasterworkedbycreatinga"bufferoverrunintheremoteprocedurecall".InotherwordthatmeansitattackedapieceofsoftwareusedbyMicrosoft’sWindowsoperatingsystemtoallowonecomputertocontrolanother.Itdidsobycausingthatsoftwaretousetoomuchmemory.MostwormsworkbyexploitingweaknessesinanoperatingsystembutwhoeverwroteBlasterhadaparticularlyrefinedsenseofhumorsincethewebsiteunderattackwastheonefromwhichuserscouldobtainaprogramtofixtheveryweaknessinWindowsthatthewormitselfwasexploiting.OnewaytodealwithawickedwormlikeBlasteristodesignafairygodmotherwormthatgoesaroundrepairingvulnerablemachinesautomatically.InthecaseofBlastersomeoneseemstohavetriedexactlythatwithaprogramcalledWelchi.HoweveraccordingtoMr.HaleyWelchihascausedalmostasmanyproblemsasBlasteritselfbyoverwhelmingnetworkswith"pings"--signalsthatcheckedforthepresenceofothercomputers.Thoughbothoftheseprogramsfellshortoftheapparentobjectivesoftheirauthorstheystillcauseddamage.ForinstancetheyforcedtheshutdownofanumberofcomputernetworksincludingtheoneusedbytheNewYorkTimesnewsroomandtheoneorganizingtrainsoperatedbyCSXafreightcompanyonAmerica’seastcoast.Computerscientistsexpectthatitisonlyamatteroftimebeforeatrulydevastatingvirusisunleashed. Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph
SectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.40PointsText1Iamnotanaccomplishedlawyer.IfindquiteasmuchmaterialforalectureinthosepointswhereinIhavefailedasinthosewhereIhavebeenmoderatelysuccessful.Theleadingruleforthelawyerasforthemanofeveryothercallingisdiligence.Leavenothingfortomorrowwhichcanbedonetoday.Neverletyourcorrespondencesfallbehind.Whateverpieceofbusinessyouhaveinhandbeforestoppingdoallthelaborrelatedtoitwhichcanthenbedone.Whenyoubringacommonlawsuitifyouhavethefactsfordoingsowritethedeclarationatonce.Ifalawpointbeinvolvedexaminethebooksandnotetheauthorityyourelyonthedeclarationitselfwhereyouaresuretofinditwhenwanted.Inbusinessnotlikelytobelitigated--ordinarycollectioncasespartitionsandthelike--makeallexaminationsoftitlesnotethemandevendraftordersandofficialordersinadvance.Thiscoursehasatripleadvantage:itavoidsomissionsandneglectsavesyourlaborwhenoncedoneperformsthelaboroutofcourtwhenyouhaveleisureratherthanincourtwhenyouhavenot.Spontaneousspeakingshouldbepracticedandcultivated.Itisthelawyer’savenuetothepublic.Howeverableandfaithfulhemaybeinotherrespectspeopleareslowbringinghimbusinessifhecannotmakeaspeech.Andyethereisnotamorefatalerrortoyounglawyersthanrelyingtoomuchonspeechmaking.Ifanyoneuponhisrarepowersofspeakingshallclaimexemptionfromtheexhaustingworkofthelawhiscaseisafailureinadvance.Discouragelitigation.Persuadeyourneighborstocompromisewheneveryoucan.Pointouttothemhowthenominalwinnerisoftenarealloser--infeesandexpensesandwasteoftime.Asapeacemakerthelawyerhasasuperioropportunityofbeingagoodman.Therewillstillbebusinessenough.Neverstiruplitigation.Aworsemancanscarcelybefoundthanonewhodoesthis.WhocanbemorenearlyafriendthanhewhohabituallyoverhaulstheRegisterofdeedsinsearchofdefectsintitleswhereontostirupstrifeandputmoneyinhispocketAmoraltoneoughttobeintroducedintotheprofessionwhichshoulddrivesuchmenoutofit. Accordingtothepassagethelawyershould
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10PointsShynessisthecauseofmuchunhappinessforagreatmanypeople.Shypeopleare1andserf-conscious;thatistheyare2concernedwiththeirownappearanceandactions.3thoughtsare4occurringintheirminds:WhatkindofimpressionamImakingItisobviousthatsuch5feelingsmustaffectpeopleadversely.Aperson’sself-conceptis6inthewayheorshebehavesandthewayapersonbehavesaffectsotherpeople’sreactions.7thewaypeoplethinkaboutthemselveshasaprofoundeffectonallareasoftheirlives.Shypeoplehavinglow8arelikelytobepassiveandeasilyinfluencedbyothers.Theyneedreassurance9theyaredoing"thefightthing".Shypeoplearevery10tocriticism;theyfeelit11theirinferiority.Ashypersonmay12toacomplimentwithastatementlikethisone:"You’rejustsayingthattomakemefeelgood."Itisclearthat13self-awarenessisahealthyqualityoverdoingitisharmful.Canshynessbecompletely14oratleastreducedFortunatelypeoplecanovercomeshynesswithdeterminedandpatienteffortinbuildingself-confidence.Sinceshynessgoes15withlackofserf-esteemitisimportantforpeopletoaccepttheirweaknessaswellastheirstrengths.Forexamplemostpeoplewouldliketobe"A"studentsineverysubject.Itisnotfairforthemto16themselvesinferiorbecausetheyhavedifficulty17someareas.People’sexpectationsofthemselvesmustbe18Eachoneofusisauniqueworthwhileindividual.Thebetterweunderstandourselvestheeasieritbecomesto19ourfullpotential.Let’snotallowshynesstoblockourchancesforarichand20life. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.9
法条分析题中华人民共和国刑法第329条规定抢夺窃取国家所有的档案的处5年以下有期徒刑或者拘役违反档案法的规定擅自出卖转让国家所有的档案情节严重的处3年以下有期徒刑或者拘役有前两款行为同时又构成本法规定的其他犯罪的依照处罚较重的规定定罪处罚结合本条文对想象竞合犯的构成特征及处罚原则进行分析
PartBDirections:Youaregoingtoreadatextaboutthenatureofdisputesfollowedbyalistofsupportingdetailsorexamples.ChoosethebestsupportingmaterialorexamplefromthelistA-Fforeachnumberedsubheading41-45.Thereisoneextraexamplewhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.10points.Toresolveadisputemeanstoturnopposingpositionsintoasingleoutcome.Thetwopartiesmaychoosetofocustheirattentionononeormoreofthreebasicfactors.Theymayseekto1reconciletheirinterests2determinewhoisrightand/or3determinewhoismorepowerful.41DisagreementofinterestsInterestsareneedsdesiresconcernsfears--thethingsonecaresaboutorwants.Theypro-videthefoundationforaperson’soranorganisation’spositioninadispute.Inadisputenotonlydotheinterestsofonepartynotcoincidewiththoseoftheotherpartybuttheyareinconflict.ForexamplethedirectorofsalesforanelectronicscompanygetsintoadisputewiththedirectorofmanufacturingoverthenumberofTVmodelstoproduce.42MethodsofsettlingconflictinginterestsReconcilingsuchinterestsisnoteasy.Itinvolvesprobingfordeeplyrootedconcernsdevisingcreativesolutionsandmakingtrade-offsandcompromiseswhereinterestsareopposed.Themostcommonprocedurefordoingthisisnegotiationtheactofcommunicationintendedtoreachagreement.43TheuseofnegotiationfordifferentdisputetypesBynomeansdoallnegotiationsormediationsfocusonreconcilinginterests.Somenegotiationsfocusondeterminingwhoisrightsuchaswhentwolawyersargueaboutwhosecasehasthegreatermerit.44Handlingrights-baseddisputesThereareoftendifferent---andsometimescontradictory--standardsthatapplytorights.Reachingagreementonrightswheretheoutcomewilldeterminewhogetswhatcanoftenbesodifficultthatthepartiesfrequentlyturntoathirdpartytodeterminewhoisright.Themosttypicalrightsprocedureisadjudicationinwhichdisputantspresentevidenceandargumentstoaneutralthirdpartywhohasthepowertomakeadecisionthatmustbefollowedbybothdisputants.Inmediationbycontrastthethirdpartydoesnothavethepowertodecidethedispute.Publicadjudicationisprovidedbycourtsandadministrativeagencies.Privateadjudicationisprovidedbyarbitrators.45TheroleofpowerinsettlingdisagreementsAthirdwaytoresolveadisputeisonthebasisofpower.Wedefinepowersomewhatnarrowlyastheabilitytopressuresomeonetodosomethinghewouldnototherwisedo.Inrelationshipsofmutualdependencesuchasbetweenlaborandmanagementorwithinanorganizationorafamilythequestionofwhoismorepowerfulturnsonwhoislessdependentontheother.Ifacompanyneedstheemployees’workmorethanemployeesneedthecompany’spaythecompanyismoredependentandhencelesspowerful.Howdependentoneisturnsonhowsatisfactorythealternativesareforsatisfyingone’sinterests.Thebetterthealternativethelessdependentoneis.Ifitiseasierforthecompanytoreplacestrikingemployeesthanitisforstrikingemployeestofindnewjobsthecompanyislessdependentandtherebymorepowerful.Determiningwhoisthemorepowerfulpartywithoutadecisiveandpotentiallydestructivepowercontestisdifficultbecausepowerisultimatelyamatterofperceptions. [A]Anotherinterests-basedprocedureismediationinwhichathirdpartyassiststhedisputantsthetwosidesinthedisputeinreachingagreement. [B]Othernegotiationslocusondeterminingwhoismorepowerfulsuchaswhenquarrellingmeighboursornationsexchangethreatsandcounterthreats.Oftennegotiationsinvolveamixofallthree--someattemptstosatisfyinterestssomediscussionofrightsandsomereferencestorelativepower. [C]Weoftenencounterdisputes.Ifwedon’tdealwithitpropertyitwillbringunexpectedout-cometous. [D]ThedirectorofsaleswantstoproducemoremodelsbecauseherinterestisinsellingTVsets;moremodelsmeanmorechoiceforconsumersandhenceincreasedsales.Thedirectorofmanufacturinghoweverwantstoproducefewermodels.Hisinterestisindecreasingmanufacturingcostsandmoremodelsmeanhighercosts. [E]Exercisingpowertypicallymeansimposingcostsontheothersideorthreateningtodoso.Theexerciseofpowertakestwocommonforms:actsofaggressionsuchasphysicalattackandwithholdingthebenefitsthatderivefromarelationshipaswhenemployeesstopworkinginastrike. [F]Itisoftencomplicatedtoattempttodeterminewhoisrightinadispute.Althoughitisusuallystraightforwardwhererightsareformalizedinlawotherrightstaketheformofunwrittenbutsociallyacceptedstandardsofbehavioursuchasreciprocityprecedentequalityandseniority. 45
SectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.40PointsText1Iamnotanaccomplishedlawyer.IfindquiteasmuchmaterialforalectureinthosepointswhereinIhavefailedasinthosewhereIhavebeenmoderatelysuccessful.Theleadingruleforthelawyerasforthemanofeveryothercallingisdiligence.Leavenothingfortomorrowwhichcanbedonetoday.Neverletyourcorrespondencesfallbehind.Whateverpieceofbusinessyouhaveinhandbeforestoppingdoallthelaborrelatedtoitwhichcanthenbedone.Whenyoubringacommonlawsuitifyouhavethefactsfordoingsowritethedeclarationatonce.Ifalawpointbeinvolvedexaminethebooksandnotetheauthorityyourelyonthedeclarationitselfwhereyouaresuretofinditwhenwanted.Inbusinessnotlikelytobelitigated--ordinarycollectioncasespartitionsandthelike--makeallexaminationsoftitlesnotethemandevendraftordersandofficialordersinadvance.Thiscoursehasatripleadvantage:itavoidsomissionsandneglectsavesyourlaborwhenoncedoneperformsthelaboroutofcourtwhenyouhaveleisureratherthanincourtwhenyouhavenot.Spontaneousspeakingshouldbepracticedandcultivated.Itisthelawyer’savenuetothepublic.Howeverableandfaithfulhemaybeinotherrespectspeopleareslowbringinghimbusinessifhecannotmakeaspeech.Andyethereisnotamorefatalerrortoyounglawyersthanrelyingtoomuchonspeechmaking.Ifanyoneuponhisrarepowersofspeakingshallclaimexemptionfromtheexhaustingworkofthelawhiscaseisafailureinadvance.Discouragelitigation.Persuadeyourneighborstocompromisewheneveryoucan.Pointouttothemhowthenominalwinnerisoftenarealloser--infeesandexpensesandwasteoftime.Asapeacemakerthelawyerhasasuperioropportunityofbeingagoodman.Therewillstillbebusinessenough.Neverstiruplitigation.Aworsemancanscarcelybefoundthanonewhodoesthis.WhocanbemorenearlyafriendthanhewhohabituallyoverhaulstheRegisterofdeedsinsearchofdefectsintitleswhereontostirupstrifeandputmoneyinhispocketAmoraltoneoughttobeintroducedintotheprofessionwhichshoulddrivesuchmenoutofit. BysayingthenominalwinnerisoftenarealloserLine2Paragraph2theauthormeans
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10PointsShynessisthecauseofmuchunhappinessforagreatmanypeople.Shypeopleare1andserf-conscious;thatistheyare2concernedwiththeirownappearanceandactions.3thoughtsare4occurringintheirminds:WhatkindofimpressionamImakingItisobviousthatsuch5feelingsmustaffectpeopleadversely.Aperson’sself-conceptis6inthewayheorshebehavesandthewayapersonbehavesaffectsotherpeople’sreactions.7thewaypeoplethinkaboutthemselveshasaprofoundeffectonallareasoftheirlives.Shypeoplehavinglow8arelikelytobepassiveandeasilyinfluencedbyothers.Theyneedreassurance9theyaredoing"thefightthing".Shypeoplearevery10tocriticism;theyfeelit11theirinferiority.Ashypersonmay12toacomplimentwithastatementlikethisone:"You’rejustsayingthattomakemefeelgood."Itisclearthat13self-awarenessisahealthyqualityoverdoingitisharmful.Canshynessbecompletely14oratleastreducedFortunatelypeoplecanovercomeshynesswithdeterminedandpatienteffortinbuildingself-confidence.Sinceshynessgoes15withlackofserf-esteemitisimportantforpeopletoaccepttheirweaknessaswellastheirstrengths.Forexamplemostpeoplewouldliketobe"A"studentsineverysubject.Itisnotfairforthemto16themselvesinferiorbecausetheyhavedifficulty17someareas.People’sexpectationsofthemselvesmustbe18Eachoneofusisauniqueworthwhileindividual.Thebetterweunderstandourselvestheeasieritbecomesto19ourfullpotential.Let’snotallowshynesstoblockourchancesforarichand20life. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.3
SectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.40PointsText1Iamnotanaccomplishedlawyer.IfindquiteasmuchmaterialforalectureinthosepointswhereinIhavefailedasinthosewhereIhavebeenmoderatelysuccessful.Theleadingruleforthelawyerasforthemanofeveryothercallingisdiligence.Leavenothingfortomorrowwhichcanbedonetoday.Neverletyourcorrespondencesfallbehind.Whateverpieceofbusinessyouhaveinhandbeforestoppingdoallthelaborrelatedtoitwhichcanthenbedone.Whenyoubringacommonlawsuitifyouhavethefactsfordoingsowritethedeclarationatonce.Ifalawpointbeinvolvedexaminethebooksandnotetheauthorityyourelyonthedeclarationitselfwhereyouaresuretofinditwhenwanted.Inbusinessnotlikelytobelitigated--ordinarycollectioncasespartitionsandthelike--makeallexaminationsoftitlesnotethemandevendraftordersandofficialordersinadvance.Thiscoursehasatripleadvantage:itavoidsomissionsandneglectsavesyourlaborwhenoncedoneperformsthelaboroutofcourtwhenyouhaveleisureratherthanincourtwhenyouhavenot.Spontaneousspeakingshouldbepracticedandcultivated.Itisthelawyer’savenuetothepublic.Howeverableandfaithfulhemaybeinotherrespectspeopleareslowbringinghimbusinessifhecannotmakeaspeech.Andyethereisnotamorefatalerrortoyounglawyersthanrelyingtoomuchonspeechmaking.Ifanyoneuponhisrarepowersofspeakingshallclaimexemptionfromtheexhaustingworkofthelawhiscaseisafailureinadvance.Discouragelitigation.Persuadeyourneighborstocompromisewheneveryoucan.Pointouttothemhowthenominalwinnerisoftenarealloser--infeesandexpensesandwasteoftime.Asapeacemakerthelawyerhasasuperioropportunityofbeingagoodman.Therewillstillbebusinessenough.Neverstiruplitigation.Aworsemancanscarcelybefoundthanonewhodoesthis.WhocanbemorenearlyafriendthanhewhohabituallyoverhaulstheRegisterofdeedsinsearchofdefectsintitleswhereontostirupstrifeandputmoneyinhispocketAmoraltoneoughttobeintroducedintotheprofessionwhichshoulddrivesuchmenoutofit. Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthorwantsto
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10PointsShynessisthecauseofmuchunhappinessforagreatmanypeople.Shypeopleare1andserf-conscious;thatistheyare2concernedwiththeirownappearanceandactions.3thoughtsare4occurringintheirminds:WhatkindofimpressionamImakingItisobviousthatsuch5feelingsmustaffectpeopleadversely.Aperson’sself-conceptis6inthewayheorshebehavesandthewayapersonbehavesaffectsotherpeople’sreactions.7thewaypeoplethinkaboutthemselveshasaprofoundeffectonallareasoftheirlives.Shypeoplehavinglow8arelikelytobepassiveandeasilyinfluencedbyothers.Theyneedreassurance9theyaredoing"thefightthing".Shypeoplearevery10tocriticism;theyfeelit11theirinferiority.Ashypersonmay12toacomplimentwithastatementlikethisone:"You’rejustsayingthattomakemefeelgood."Itisclearthat13self-awarenessisahealthyqualityoverdoingitisharmful.Canshynessbecompletely14oratleastreducedFortunatelypeoplecanovercomeshynesswithdeterminedandpatienteffortinbuildingself-confidence.Sinceshynessgoes15withlackofserf-esteemitisimportantforpeopletoaccepttheirweaknessaswellastheirstrengths.Forexamplemostpeoplewouldliketobe"A"studentsineverysubject.Itisnotfairforthemto16themselvesinferiorbecausetheyhavedifficulty17someareas.People’sexpectationsofthemselvesmustbe18Eachoneofusisauniqueworthwhileindividual.Thebetterweunderstandourselvestheeasieritbecomesto19ourfullpotential.Let’snotallowshynesstoblockourchancesforarichand20life. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.5
Text3OfallthetruthsthatthisgenerationofAmericansholdself-evidentfewaremoredeeplyembeddedinthenationalpsychethanthemaxim"Itpaystogotocollege."SincetheGIBilltrans-formedhighereducationintheaftermathofWWIIacollegediplomaonceabirthrightoftheleisuredfewhasbecomeanattractionfortheupwardlymobileasintegraltotheAmericandreamasthepursuitofhappinessitself.Thenumberstellthestory:in1950s43%ofhigh-schoolgraduateswentontopursuesomeformofhighereducation;attilesametimeonly6%ofAmericanswerecollegegraduates.Butby1998almost2tooutof3secondary-schoolgraduateswereoptingforhighereducation--and21%ofamuchlargerU.S.populationhadcollegediplomas.AsProf.HerbertLondonofNewYorkUniversitytoldacommencementaudiencelastJune:"thecollegeexperiencehasgonefromaritepassagetoarightofpassage."Howeverastheclassof2004issopainfullydiscoveringwhileacollegediplomaremainsarequisitecredentialforascendingtheeconomicladderitnolongerguaranteesthegoodlife.RarelysincetheendoftheGreatDepressionhasthejoboutlookforcollegegraduatesappearedsobleak:ofthe1.1millionstudentswhoreceivedtheirbachelordegreeslastspringfewerthan20%hadlinedupfull-timeemploymentbycommencement.Indeedanuncertainjobmarkethasprecipitatedawaveofeconomicfearandtremblingamongtheyoung."Manyofmyclassmatesareabsolutelyterrified"saysoneofthefortunatefewwhodidmanagetolandapermanentposition."Theywonderifthey’lleverfindajob."Someofthisrecession-inducedanxietywilldisappearifarecoveryfinallybeginstogeneratejobsatwhateconomistsconsideranormalrate.Butthesadfactisthatfortheforeseeablefuturecollegegraduateswillinconsiderablesurplusenablingemployerstorequireadegreeevenforjobsforwhichacollegeeducationisreallyunnecessary.AccordingtoKristinaShelleyoftheBureauofLaborStatistics--whobasesherestimateona"moderateprojection"ofcurrenttrends--30per-centofcollegegraduatesenteringthelabort0rcebetweennowandtheyear2008willbeunemployedorwillfindemploymentinjobsforwhichtheywillbeoverqualifiedjoiningwhateconomistscallthe"educationallyunderutilized."Indeeditmaybequiteawhile--ifever--beforethoseworkingtemporarilyascocktailwaitressesortaxidriverswillbeabletopursuetheirprimarycareerpaths.Ofcoursewaitingontablesandbustlingcabfaresarerespectablewaystoearnaliving.ButtheyarenotquitewhatsomanyyoungAmericans--andtheirparents--hadinmindastheendproductoffourexpensiveyearsincollege. Towhichofthefollowingstatementsmighttheauthoragree
Text4TherecentapparentlysuccessfulpredictionbymathematicalmodelsofanappearanceofElNifio—thewarmoceancurrentthatperiodicallydevelopsalongthePacificcoastofSouthAmerica--hasexcitedresearchers.JacobBjerknesspointedoutover20yearsagohowwindsmightcreateeitherabnormallywarmorabnormallycoldwaterintheeasternequatorialPacific.NonethelessuntilthedevelopmentofthemodelsnoonecouldexplainwhyconditionsshouldregularlyshiftfromonetotheotherashappensintheperiodicoscillationsbetweenappearanceofthewarmElNifioandthecoldso-calledanti-ElNifio.Theansweralleastifthecurrentmodelthatlinksthebehavioroftheoceantothatoftheatmosphereiscorrectistobefoundintheocean.IthaslongbeenknownthatduringanElNiflotwoconditionsexist:1unusuallywarmwaterextendsalongtheeasternPacificprincipallyalongthecoastsofEcuadorandPeruand2windsblowfromthewestintothewarmerairrisingoverthewarmwaterintheeast.Thesewindstendtocreateafeedbackmechanismbydrivingthewarmersurfacewaterintoa"pile"thatblocksthenormalupwellingofdeepercoldwaterintheeastandfurtherwarmstheeasternwaterthusstrengtheningthewindstillmore.ThecontributionofthemodelistoshowthatthewindsofanElNifiowhichraisesealevelintheeastsimultaneouslysendasignaltothewestloweringsealevel.AccordingtothemodelthatsignalisgeneratedasanegativeRossbywaveawaveofdepressedornegativesealevelthatmoveswestwardparalleltotheequatorat25to85kilometersperday.TakingmonthstotraversethePacificRossbywavesmarchtothewesternboundaryofthePacificbasinwhichismodeledasasmoothwallbutinrealityconsistsofquiteirregularislandchainssuchasthePhilippinesandIndonesia.WhenthewavesmeetthewesternboundarytheyarereflectedandthemodelpredictsthatRossbywaveswillbebrokenintonumerouscoastalKelvinwavescarryingthesamenegativesea-levelsignal.TheseeventuallyshoottowardtheequatorandthenheadeastwardalongtheequatorpropelledbytherotationoftheEarthataspeedofabout250kilometersperday.WhenenoughKelvinwavesofsufficientamplitudearrivefromthewesternPacifictheirnegativesea-levelsignalovercomesthefeedbackmechanismtendingtoraisethesealevelandtheybegintodrivethesystemintotheoppositecoldmode.Thisproducesagradualshiftinwindsonethatwilleventuallysendpositivesea-levelRossbywaveswestwardwavesthatwilleventuallyreturnascoldcycle-endingpositiveKelvinwavesbeginninganotherwarmingcycle. AccordingtothemodelwhatnormallysignalsthedisappearanceofanElNifio
Text2SoBig.Fwasthemorevisibleoftiletworecentwavesofinfectionbecauseitpropagateditselfbye-mailmeaningthatvictimsnoticedwhatwasgoingon.SoBig.Fwassoeffectivethatitcausedsubstantialdisruptioneventothoseprotectedbyanti-virussoftware.Thatwasbecausesomanycopiesofthevirusspreadthatmanymachineswereoverwhelmedbymessagesfromtheirownanti-virussoftware.Ontopofthatonecommoncounter-measurebackfiredincreasingtrafficstillfurthers.Anti-virussoftwareoftenbouncesawarningbacktothesenderofaninfectede-mailsayingthatthee-mailinquestioncannotbedeliveredbecauseitcontainsavirus.SoBig.Fwasabletospoofthissystemby"harvesting"e-mailaddressesfromtheharddisksofinfectedcomputers.Someoftheseaddresseswerethensentinfectede-mailsthathadbeendoctoredtolookasthoughtheyhadcomefromotherharvestedaddresses.Thelatterwerethussentwarningseventhoughtheirmachinesmaynothavebeeninfected.KevinHaleyofSymantecafirmthatmakesanti-virussoftwarethinksthatonereasonSoBig.Fwassomuchmoreeffectivethanothervirusesthatworkthiswayisbecauseitwasbetteratsearchinghard-drivesforaddresses.BrianKingofCERTaninternet-securitycenteratCarnegie-MellonUniversityinPittsburghnotethatunlikeitsprecursorsSoBig.Fwascapableof"multi-threading":itcouldsendmultiplee-mailssimultaneouslyallowingittodispatchthousandsinminutes.Blasterworkedbycreatinga"bufferoverrunintheremoteprocedurecall".InotherwordthatmeansitattackedapieceofsoftwareusedbyMicrosoft’sWindowsoperatingsystemtoallowonecomputertocontrolanother.Itdidsobycausingthatsoftwaretousetoomuchmemory.MostwormsworkbyexploitingweaknessesinanoperatingsystembutwhoeverwroteBlasterhadaparticularlyrefinedsenseofhumorsincethewebsiteunderattackwastheonefromwhichuserscouldobtainaprogramtofixtheveryweaknessinWindowsthatthewormitselfwasexploiting.OnewaytodealwithawickedwormlikeBlasteristodesignafairygodmotherwormthatgoesaroundrepairingvulnerablemachinesautomatically.InthecaseofBlastersomeoneseemstohavetriedexactlythatwithaprogramcalledWelchi.HoweveraccordingtoMr.HaleyWelchihascausedalmostasmanyproblemsasBlasteritselfbyoverwhelmingnetworkswith"pings"--signalsthatcheckedforthepresenceofothercomputers.Thoughbothoftheseprogramsfellshortoftheapparentobjectivesoftheirauthorstheystillcauseddamage.ForinstancetheyforcedtheshutdownofanumberofcomputernetworksincludingtheoneusedbytheNewYorkTimesnewsroomandtheoneorganizingtrainsoperatedbyCSXafreightcompanyonAmerica’seastcoast.Computerscientistsexpectthatitisonlyamatteroftimebeforeatrulydevastatingvirusisunleashed. TheworddoctoredLine9Paragraph1probablymeans
PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.10PointsThirty-fiveyearsaftercomputerscientistsatUCLAlinkedtwobulkycomputersusinga15-footgraycabletestinganewwayforexchangingdataovernetworkswhatwouldultimatelybecometheInternetremainsaworkinprogress.Universityresearchersareexperimentingwithwaystoincreaseitscapacityandspeed.ProgrammersaretryingtoimbueWebpageswithintelligence.Andworkisunderwaytore-engineerthenet-worktoreducespamandsecuritytroubles.46Allthewhilethreatsloom:criticswarethatcommerciallegalandpoliticalpressurescouldhinderthetypesofinnovationsthatmadetheInternetwhatitistoday.StephenCrockerandVintonCerfwereamongthegraduatestudentswhojoinedUCLAprofessorLenKleinrockinanengineeringlabonSept.21969asbitsofmeaninglesstestdataflowedsilentlybetweenthetwocomputers.ByJanuarythreeother"nodes"joinedthefledglingnetwork.47Thencamee-mailafewyearslateracorecommunicationsagreementcalledTCP/IPinthelate70sthedomainnamesysteminthe80sandtheWorldWideWeb--nowthesecondmostpopularapplicationbehinde-mail--in1990.TheInternetexpandedbeyonditsinitialmilitaryandeducationaldomainintobusinessesandhomesaroundtheworld.TodayCrockercontinuesworkontheInternetdesigningbettertoolsforcollaboration.48AndassecuritychairmanfortheInternet’skeyoversightbodyheistryingtodefendthecoreaddressingsystemfromoutsidethreats.HeacknowledgestheInternethehelpedbuildisfarfromfinishedandchangesareinstoretomeetgrowingdemandsformultimedia.49Networkprovidersnowmakeonly"bestefforts"atdeliveringdatapacketsandCrockersaidbetterguaranteesareneededtopreventtheskipsandunexpectedpausesnowcommonwithvideo.CerfnowatMCIInc.saidhewishedhecouldhavedesignedtheInternetwithsecuritybuilt-in.MicrosoftCorp.YahooInc.andAmericaOnlineInc.amongothersarecurrentlytryingtoretrofitthenetworksoe-mailsenderscanbeauthenticated--awaytocutclownonjunkmessagessentusingspoofedaddresses.50Manyfeaturesbeingdevelopedtodaywouldn’thavebeenpossibleatbirthgiventheslowercomputingspeedsandnarrowerInternetpipesorbandwidthCerfsaid. Thencamee-mailafewyearslateracorecommunicationsagreementcalledTCP/IPinthelate70sthedomainnamesysteminthe80sandtheWorldWideWeb--nowthesecondmostpopularapplicationbehinde-mail--in1990.
下列情况中属于结果加重犯的是
Text4TherecentapparentlysuccessfulpredictionbymathematicalmodelsofanappearanceofElNifio—thewarmoceancurrentthatperiodicallydevelopsalongthePacificcoastofSouthAmerica--hasexcitedresearchers.JacobBjerknesspointedoutover20yearsagohowwindsmightcreateeitherabnormallywarmorabnormallycoldwaterintheeasternequatorialPacific.NonethelessuntilthedevelopmentofthemodelsnoonecouldexplainwhyconditionsshouldregularlyshiftfromonetotheotherashappensintheperiodicoscillationsbetweenappearanceofthewarmElNifioandthecoldso-calledanti-ElNifio.Theansweralleastifthecurrentmodelthatlinksthebehavioroftheoceantothatoftheatmosphereiscorrectistobefoundintheocean.IthaslongbeenknownthatduringanElNiflotwoconditionsexist:1unusuallywarmwaterextendsalongtheeasternPacificprincipallyalongthecoastsofEcuadorandPeruand2windsblowfromthewestintothewarmerairrisingoverthewarmwaterintheeast.Thesewindstendtocreateafeedbackmechanismbydrivingthewarmersurfacewaterintoa"pile"thatblocksthenormalupwellingofdeepercoldwaterintheeastandfurtherwarmstheeasternwaterthusstrengtheningthewindstillmore.ThecontributionofthemodelistoshowthatthewindsofanElNifiowhichraisesealevelintheeastsimultaneouslysendasignaltothewestloweringsealevel.AccordingtothemodelthatsignalisgeneratedasanegativeRossbywaveawaveofdepressedornegativesealevelthatmoveswestwardparalleltotheequatorat25to85kilometersperday.TakingmonthstotraversethePacificRossbywavesmarchtothewesternboundaryofthePacificbasinwhichismodeledasasmoothwallbutinrealityconsistsofquiteirregularislandchainssuchasthePhilippinesandIndonesia.WhenthewavesmeetthewesternboundarytheyarereflectedandthemodelpredictsthatRossbywaveswillbebrokenintonumerouscoastalKelvinwavescarryingthesamenegativesea-levelsignal.TheseeventuallyshoottowardtheequatorandthenheadeastwardalongtheequatorpropelledbytherotationoftheEarthataspeedofabout250kilometersperday.WhenenoughKelvinwavesofsufficientamplitudearrivefromthewesternPacifictheirnegativesea-levelsignalovercomesthefeedbackmechanismtendingtoraisethesealevelandtheybegintodrivethesystemintotheoppositecoldmode.Thisproducesagradualshiftinwindsonethatwilleventuallysendpositivesea-levelRossbywaveswestwardwavesthatwilleventuallyreturnascoldcycle-endingpositiveKelvinwavesbeginninganotherwarmingcycle. Itcanbeconcludedthatduringananti-ElNifiothefaster-movingsignalwavesare
PartBDirections:Youaregoingtoreadatextaboutthenatureofdisputesfollowedbyalistofsupportingdetailsorexamples.ChoosethebestsupportingmaterialorexamplefromthelistA-Fforeachnumberedsubheading41-45.Thereisoneextraexamplewhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.10points.Toresolveadisputemeanstoturnopposingpositionsintoasingleoutcome.Thetwopartiesmaychoosetofocustheirattentionononeormoreofthreebasicfactors.Theymayseekto1reconciletheirinterests2determinewhoisrightand/or3determinewhoismorepowerful.41DisagreementofinterestsInterestsareneedsdesiresconcernsfears--thethingsonecaresaboutorwants.Theypro-videthefoundationforaperson’soranorganisation’spositioninadispute.Inadisputenotonlydotheinterestsofonepartynotcoincidewiththoseoftheotherpartybuttheyareinconflict.ForexamplethedirectorofsalesforanelectronicscompanygetsintoadisputewiththedirectorofmanufacturingoverthenumberofTVmodelstoproduce.42MethodsofsettlingconflictinginterestsReconcilingsuchinterestsisnoteasy.Itinvolvesprobingfordeeplyrootedconcernsdevisingcreativesolutionsandmakingtrade-offsandcompromiseswhereinterestsareopposed.Themostcommonprocedurefordoingthisisnegotiationtheactofcommunicationintendedtoreachagreement.43TheuseofnegotiationfordifferentdisputetypesBynomeansdoallnegotiationsormediationsfocusonreconcilinginterests.Somenegotiationsfocusondeterminingwhoisrightsuchaswhentwolawyersargueaboutwhosecasehasthegreatermerit.44Handlingrights-baseddisputesThereareoftendifferent---andsometimescontradictory--standardsthatapplytorights.Reachingagreementonrightswheretheoutcomewilldeterminewhogetswhatcanoftenbesodifficultthatthepartiesfrequentlyturntoathirdpartytodeterminewhoisright.Themosttypicalrightsprocedureisadjudicationinwhichdisputantspresentevidenceandargumentstoaneutralthirdpartywhohasthepowertomakeadecisionthatmustbefollowedbybothdisputants.Inmediationbycontrastthethirdpartydoesnothavethepowertodecidethedispute.Publicadjudicationisprovidedbycourtsandadministrativeagencies.Privateadjudicationisprovidedbyarbitrators.45TheroleofpowerinsettlingdisagreementsAthirdwaytoresolveadisputeisonthebasisofpower.Wedefinepowersomewhatnarrowlyastheabilitytopressuresomeonetodosomethinghewouldnototherwisedo.Inrelationshipsofmutualdependencesuchasbetweenlaborandmanagementorwithinanorganizationorafamilythequestionofwhoismorepowerfulturnsonwhoislessdependentontheother.Ifacompanyneedstheemployees’workmorethanemployeesneedthecompany’spaythecompanyismoredependentandhencelesspowerful.Howdependentoneisturnsonhowsatisfactorythealternativesareforsatisfyingone’sinterests.Thebetterthealternativethelessdependentoneis.Ifitiseasierforthecompanytoreplacestrikingemployeesthanitisforstrikingemployeestofindnewjobsthecompanyislessdependentandtherebymorepowerful.Determiningwhoisthemorepowerfulpartywithoutadecisiveandpotentiallydestructivepowercontestisdifficultbecausepowerisultimatelyamatterofperceptions. [A]Anotherinterests-basedprocedureismediationinwhichathirdpartyassiststhedisputantsthetwosidesinthedisputeinreachingagreement. [B]Othernegotiationslocusondeterminingwhoismorepowerfulsuchaswhenquarrellingmeighboursornationsexchangethreatsandcounterthreats.Oftennegotiationsinvolveamixofallthree--someattemptstosatisfyinterestssomediscussionofrightsandsomereferencestorelativepower. [C]Weoftenencounterdisputes.Ifwedon’tdealwithitpropertyitwillbringunexpectedout-cometous. [D]ThedirectorofsaleswantstoproducemoremodelsbecauseherinterestisinsellingTVsets;moremodelsmeanmorechoiceforconsumersandhenceincreasedsales.Thedirectorofmanufacturinghoweverwantstoproducefewermodels.Hisinterestisindecreasingmanufacturingcostsandmoremodelsmeanhighercosts. [E]Exercisingpowertypicallymeansimposingcostsontheothersideorthreateningtodoso.Theexerciseofpowertakestwocommonforms:actsofaggressionsuchasphysicalattackandwithholdingthebenefitsthatderivefromarelationshipaswhenemployeesstopworkinginastrike. [F]Itisoftencomplicatedtoattempttodeterminewhoisrightinadispute.Althoughitisusuallystraightforwardwhererightsareformalizedinlawotherrightstaketheformofunwrittenbutsociallyacceptedstandardsofbehavioursuchasreciprocityprecedentequalityandseniority. 43
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10PointsShynessisthecauseofmuchunhappinessforagreatmanypeople.Shypeopleare1andserf-conscious;thatistheyare2concernedwiththeirownappearanceandactions.3thoughtsare4occurringintheirminds:WhatkindofimpressionamImakingItisobviousthatsuch5feelingsmustaffectpeopleadversely.Aperson’sself-conceptis6inthewayheorshebehavesandthewayapersonbehavesaffectsotherpeople’sreactions.7thewaypeoplethinkaboutthemselveshasaprofoundeffectonallareasoftheirlives.Shypeoplehavinglow8arelikelytobepassiveandeasilyinfluencedbyothers.Theyneedreassurance9theyaredoing"thefightthing".Shypeoplearevery10tocriticism;theyfeelit11theirinferiority.Ashypersonmay12toacomplimentwithastatementlikethisone:"You’rejustsayingthattomakemefeelgood."Itisclearthat13self-awarenessisahealthyqualityoverdoingitisharmful.Canshynessbecompletely14oratleastreducedFortunatelypeoplecanovercomeshynesswithdeterminedandpatienteffortinbuildingself-confidence.Sinceshynessgoes15withlackofserf-esteemitisimportantforpeopletoaccepttheirweaknessaswellastheirstrengths.Forexamplemostpeoplewouldliketobe"A"studentsineverysubject.Itisnotfairforthemto16themselvesinferiorbecausetheyhavedifficulty17someareas.People’sexpectationsofthemselvesmustbe18Eachoneofusisauniqueworthwhileindividual.Thebetterweunderstandourselvestheeasieritbecomesto19ourfullpotential.Let’snotallowshynesstoblockourchancesforarichand20life. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.19
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10PointsShynessisthecauseofmuchunhappinessforagreatmanypeople.Shypeopleare1andserf-conscious;thatistheyare2concernedwiththeirownappearanceandactions.3thoughtsare4occurringintheirminds:WhatkindofimpressionamImakingItisobviousthatsuch5feelingsmustaffectpeopleadversely.Aperson’sself-conceptis6inthewayheorshebehavesandthewayapersonbehavesaffectsotherpeople’sreactions.7thewaypeoplethinkaboutthemselveshasaprofoundeffectonallareasoftheirlives.Shypeoplehavinglow8arelikelytobepassiveandeasilyinfluencedbyothers.Theyneedreassurance9theyaredoing"thefightthing".Shypeoplearevery10tocriticism;theyfeelit11theirinferiority.Ashypersonmay12toacomplimentwithastatementlikethisone:"You’rejustsayingthattomakemefeelgood."Itisclearthat13self-awarenessisahealthyqualityoverdoingitisharmful.Canshynessbecompletely14oratleastreducedFortunatelypeoplecanovercomeshynesswithdeterminedandpatienteffortinbuildingself-confidence.Sinceshynessgoes15withlackofserf-esteemitisimportantforpeopletoaccepttheirweaknessaswellastheirstrengths.Forexamplemostpeoplewouldliketobe"A"studentsineverysubject.Itisnotfairforthemto16themselvesinferiorbecausetheyhavedifficulty17someareas.People’sexpectationsofthemselvesmustbe18Eachoneofusisauniqueworthwhileindividual.Thebetterweunderstandourselvestheeasieritbecomesto19ourfullpotential.Let’snotallowshynesstoblockourchancesforarichand20life. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.7
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10PointsShynessisthecauseofmuchunhappinessforagreatmanypeople.Shypeopleare1andserf-conscious;thatistheyare2concernedwiththeirownappearanceandactions.3thoughtsare4occurringintheirminds:WhatkindofimpressionamImakingItisobviousthatsuch5feelingsmustaffectpeopleadversely.Aperson’sself-conceptis6inthewayheorshebehavesandthewayapersonbehavesaffectsotherpeople’sreactions.7thewaypeoplethinkaboutthemselveshasaprofoundeffectonallareasoftheirlives.Shypeoplehavinglow8arelikelytobepassiveandeasilyinfluencedbyothers.Theyneedreassurance9theyaredoing"thefightthing".Shypeoplearevery10tocriticism;theyfeelit11theirinferiority.Ashypersonmay12toacomplimentwithastatementlikethisone:"You’rejustsayingthattomakemefeelgood."Itisclearthat13self-awarenessisahealthyqualityoverdoingitisharmful.Canshynessbecompletely14oratleastreducedFortunatelypeoplecanovercomeshynesswithdeterminedandpatienteffortinbuildingself-confidence.Sinceshynessgoes15withlackofserf-esteemitisimportantforpeopletoaccepttheirweaknessaswellastheirstrengths.Forexamplemostpeoplewouldliketobe"A"studentsineverysubject.Itisnotfairforthemto16themselvesinferiorbecausetheyhavedifficulty17someareas.People’sexpectationsofthemselvesmustbe18Eachoneofusisauniqueworthwhileindividual.Thebetterweunderstandourselvestheeasieritbecomesto19ourfullpotential.Let’snotallowshynesstoblockourchancesforarichand20life. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.17
吸收犯的形式包括
什么是继续犯
Text3OfallthetruthsthatthisgenerationofAmericansholdself-evidentfewaremoredeeplyembeddedinthenationalpsychethanthemaxim"Itpaystogotocollege."SincetheGIBilltrans-formedhighereducationintheaftermathofWWIIacollegediplomaonceabirthrightoftheleisuredfewhasbecomeanattractionfortheupwardlymobileasintegraltotheAmericandreamasthepursuitofhappinessitself.Thenumberstellthestory:in1950s43%ofhigh-schoolgraduateswentontopursuesomeformofhighereducation;attilesametimeonly6%ofAmericanswerecollegegraduates.Butby1998almost2tooutof3secondary-schoolgraduateswereoptingforhighereducation--and21%ofamuchlargerU.S.populationhadcollegediplomas.AsProf.HerbertLondonofNewYorkUniversitytoldacommencementaudiencelastJune:"thecollegeexperiencehasgonefromaritepassagetoarightofpassage."Howeverastheclassof2004issopainfullydiscoveringwhileacollegediplomaremainsarequisitecredentialforascendingtheeconomicladderitnolongerguaranteesthegoodlife.RarelysincetheendoftheGreatDepressionhasthejoboutlookforcollegegraduatesappearedsobleak:ofthe1.1millionstudentswhoreceivedtheirbachelordegreeslastspringfewerthan20%hadlinedupfull-timeemploymentbycommencement.Indeedanuncertainjobmarkethasprecipitatedawaveofeconomicfearandtremblingamongtheyoung."Manyofmyclassmatesareabsolutelyterrified"saysoneofthefortunatefewwhodidmanagetolandapermanentposition."Theywonderifthey’lleverfindajob."Someofthisrecession-inducedanxietywilldisappearifarecoveryfinallybeginstogeneratejobsatwhateconomistsconsideranormalrate.Butthesadfactisthatfortheforeseeablefuturecollegegraduateswillinconsiderablesurplusenablingemployerstorequireadegreeevenforjobsforwhichacollegeeducationisreallyunnecessary.AccordingtoKristinaShelleyoftheBureauofLaborStatistics--whobasesherestimateona"moderateprojection"ofcurrenttrends--30per-centofcollegegraduatesenteringthelabort0rcebetweennowandtheyear2008willbeunemployedorwillfindemploymentinjobsforwhichtheywillbeoverqualifiedjoiningwhateconomistscallthe"educationallyunderutilized."Indeeditmaybequiteawhile--ifever--beforethoseworkingtemporarilyascocktailwaitressesortaxidriverswillbeabletopursuetheirprimarycareerpaths.Ofcoursewaitingontablesandbustlingcabfaresarerespectablewaystoearnaliving.ButtheyarenotquitewhatsomanyyoungAmericans--andtheirparents--hadinmindastheendproductoffourexpensiveyearsincollege. Whatdoesthesentencethecollegeexperiencehasgonefromaritepassagetoarightofpas-sageLastlineParagraph1mean
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10PointsShynessisthecauseofmuchunhappinessforagreatmanypeople.Shypeopleare1andserf-conscious;thatistheyare2concernedwiththeirownappearanceandactions.3thoughtsare4occurringintheirminds:WhatkindofimpressionamImakingItisobviousthatsuch5feelingsmustaffectpeopleadversely.Aperson’sself-conceptis6inthewayheorshebehavesandthewayapersonbehavesaffectsotherpeople’sreactions.7thewaypeoplethinkaboutthemselveshasaprofoundeffectonallareasoftheirlives.Shypeoplehavinglow8arelikelytobepassiveandeasilyinfluencedbyothers.Theyneedreassurance9theyaredoing"thefightthing".Shypeoplearevery10tocriticism;theyfeelit11theirinferiority.Ashypersonmay12toacomplimentwithastatementlikethisone:"You’rejustsayingthattomakemefeelgood."Itisclearthat13self-awarenessisahealthyqualityoverdoingitisharmful.Canshynessbecompletely14oratleastreducedFortunatelypeoplecanovercomeshynesswithdeterminedandpatienteffortinbuildingself-confidence.Sinceshynessgoes15withlackofserf-esteemitisimportantforpeopletoaccepttheirweaknessaswellastheirstrengths.Forexamplemostpeoplewouldliketobe"A"studentsineverysubject.Itisnotfairforthemto16themselvesinferiorbecausetheyhavedifficulty17someareas.People’sexpectationsofthemselvesmustbe18Eachoneofusisauniqueworthwhileindividual.Thebetterweunderstandourselvestheeasieritbecomesto19ourfullpotential.Let’snotallowshynesstoblockourchancesforarichand20life. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.13
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10PointsShynessisthecauseofmuchunhappinessforagreatmanypeople.Shypeopleare1andserf-conscious;thatistheyare2concernedwiththeirownappearanceandactions.3thoughtsare4occurringintheirminds:WhatkindofimpressionamImakingItisobviousthatsuch5feelingsmustaffectpeopleadversely.Aperson’sself-conceptis6inthewayheorshebehavesandthewayapersonbehavesaffectsotherpeople’sreactions.7thewaypeoplethinkaboutthemselveshasaprofoundeffectonallareasoftheirlives.Shypeoplehavinglow8arelikelytobepassiveandeasilyinfluencedbyothers.Theyneedreassurance9theyaredoing"thefightthing".Shypeoplearevery10tocriticism;theyfeelit11theirinferiority.Ashypersonmay12toacomplimentwithastatementlikethisone:"You’rejustsayingthattomakemefeelgood."Itisclearthat13self-awarenessisahealthyqualityoverdoingitisharmful.Canshynessbecompletely14oratleastreducedFortunatelypeoplecanovercomeshynesswithdeterminedandpatienteffortinbuildingself-confidence.Sinceshynessgoes15withlackofserf-esteemitisimportantforpeopletoaccepttheirweaknessaswellastheirstrengths.Forexamplemostpeoplewouldliketobe"A"studentsineverysubject.Itisnotfairforthemto16themselvesinferiorbecausetheyhavedifficulty17someareas.People’sexpectationsofthemselvesmustbe18Eachoneofusisauniqueworthwhileindividual.Thebetterweunderstandourselvestheeasieritbecomesto19ourfullpotential.Let’snotallowshynesstoblockourchancesforarichand20life. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.1
下列不属于结果加重犯的行为有
PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.10PointsThirty-fiveyearsaftercomputerscientistsatUCLAlinkedtwobulkycomputersusinga15-footgraycabletestinganewwayforexchangingdataovernetworkswhatwouldultimatelybecometheInternetremainsaworkinprogress.Universityresearchersareexperimentingwithwaystoincreaseitscapacityandspeed.ProgrammersaretryingtoimbueWebpageswithintelligence.Andworkisunderwaytore-engineerthenet-worktoreducespamandsecuritytroubles.46Allthewhilethreatsloom:criticswarethatcommerciallegalandpoliticalpressurescouldhinderthetypesofinnovationsthatmadetheInternetwhatitistoday.StephenCrockerandVintonCerfwereamongthegraduatestudentswhojoinedUCLAprofessorLenKleinrockinanengineeringlabonSept.21969asbitsofmeaninglesstestdataflowedsilentlybetweenthetwocomputers.ByJanuarythreeother"nodes"joinedthefledglingnetwork.47Thencamee-mailafewyearslateracorecommunicationsagreementcalledTCP/IPinthelate70sthedomainnamesysteminthe80sandtheWorldWideWeb--nowthesecondmostpopularapplicationbehinde-mail--in1990.TheInternetexpandedbeyonditsinitialmilitaryandeducationaldomainintobusinessesandhomesaroundtheworld.TodayCrockercontinuesworkontheInternetdesigningbettertoolsforcollaboration.48AndassecuritychairmanfortheInternet’skeyoversightbodyheistryingtodefendthecoreaddressingsystemfromoutsidethreats.HeacknowledgestheInternethehelpedbuildisfarfromfinishedandchangesareinstoretomeetgrowingdemandsformultimedia.49Networkprovidersnowmakeonly"bestefforts"atdeliveringdatapacketsandCrockersaidbetterguaranteesareneededtopreventtheskipsandunexpectedpausesnowcommonwithvideo.CerfnowatMCIInc.saidhewishedhecouldhavedesignedtheInternetwithsecuritybuilt-in.MicrosoftCorp.YahooInc.andAmericaOnlineInc.amongothersarecurrentlytryingtoretrofitthenetworksoe-mailsenderscanbeauthenticated--awaytocutclownonjunkmessagessentusingspoofedaddresses.50Manyfeaturesbeingdevelopedtodaywouldn’thavebeenpossibleatbirthgiventheslowercomputingspeedsandnarrowerInternetpipesorbandwidthCerfsaid. NetworkprovidersnowmakeonlybesteffortsatdeliveringdatapacketsandCrockersaidbetterguaranteesareneededtopreventtheskipsandunexpectedpausesnowcommonwithvideo.
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