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安神药分为 ① 药与 ② 药两类，多人 ③ 经与 ④ 经。
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平肝息风药分为①和②两类
化痰药分为温化寒痰药及清化热痰药两类前者药如天南星后者药如浙贝母
安神药主要归心______经补阳药主要归______经
祛痰药按其作用机制可分为____________和____________两类
安神药可分为①和②两类
解表药分为______两类
下列有关药引的叙述错误的是
中药药引是中医处方中的辅佐药
中药药引能引导其他药物的药力达到病变部位或某一经脉以便更好地发挥其治疗作用
中药药引能协助主药，起辅助治疗作用
中药药引分为药物类药引和食物类药引
药物类药引可分为引经报使类和调和诸药类两类
安神药分为两类
下列对安神药描述正确的是
主要用于神志不安的病证
多入心、肾经
分为重镇安神、养心安神药
矿石类安神药易伤脾胃，不宜久服
治疗失眠，应睡前服用
紧急避孕药可分为两类
抗帕金森病药分为______和______两类
主归心肝经的药物是
开窍药
活血药
安神药
补血药
局麻药常分为和两类其代表药分别是
安神药按功效主治的不同分为________药与________药两大类
少腹逐瘀汤是哪两类药的同用
逐水药
活血逐痰药
.理气化痰药
祛风通络药
温经调经药
根据药皮所含氧化物的性质焊条分为_____和_____两类
安神药适应于何病证分为哪两类使用时需注意什么问题
下列对安神药描述正确的是
分为重镇安神,养心安神药
矿石类安神药易伤脾胃，不宜久服
治疗失眠，应睡前服用
主要用于神志不安的病证
多入心,脾经
安神药可分为养心安神药与镇心安神药两类
化痰药根据药性不同分为和两类
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PartBDirections:Inthefollowingarticlessomesentence havebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45choosethemostsuitableonefromthe listA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblank.Therearetwoextrachoices whichdonotfitinanyofthegaps.MarkyouranswersonANSWTRSHEET 1. Asignificantportionofindustryandtransportationburns fossilfuelssuchasgasoline.Whenthesefuelsburnchemicalsandparticulate matterarereleasedintotheatmosphere.Althoughavastnumberofsubstances contributetoairpollutionthemostcommonairpollutantscontaincarbon sulfurandnitrogen.41__________.Acidrain formswhensulfurdioxideandnitrousoxidetransformintosulfuricacidand nitricacidintheatmosphereandcomebacktoEarthinprecipitation.Acidrain hasmadenumerouslakessoacidicthattheynolongersupportfish populations.42__________.Estimatessuggest thatnearly1.5billionpeopleworldwidelacksafedrinkingwaterandthatat least5milliondeathsperyearcanbeattributedtowaterbornediseases.Water pollutionmaycomefrompointsourcesornonpointsources.Pointsources dischargepollutantsfromspecificlocationssuchasfactoriessewage treatmentplantsandoiltankers.Thetechnologyexiststomonitorandregulate pointsourcesofpollutionalthoughinsomeareasthisoccursonly sporadically.Pollutionfromnonpointsourcesoccurswhenrainfallorsnowmelt movesoverandthroughtheground.43__________. Withalmost80percentoftheplanetcoveredbyoceanspeoplehavelong actedasifthosebodiesofwatercouldserveasalimitlessdumpinggroundfor wastes.Howeverrawsewagegarbageandoilspillshavebeguntooverwhelmthe dilutingcapabilitiesoftileoceansandmostcoastalwatersarenowpolluted threateningmarinewildlife.44__________. Waterthatcollectsbeneaththegroundiscalledgroundwater.Worldwide groundwateris40timesmoreabundantthanfreshwaterinstreamsandlakes.In theUnitedStatesapproximatelyhalfthedrinkingwatercomesfromgroundwater. Althoughgroundwaterisarenewableresourcereservesreplenishrelatively slowly.PresentlygroundwaterintheUnitedStatesiswithdrawnapproximately4 timesfasterthanitisnaturallyreplaced.45__________.A. Beachesaroundtheworldcloseregularlyoftenbecausethesurroundingwaters containhighlevelsofbacteriafromsewagedisposal.B.These chemicalsinteractwithoneanotherandwithultravioletradiationinsunlight indangerousways.Smogusuallyfoundinurbanareaswithlargenumbersof automobilesformswhennitrogenoxidesreactwithhydrocarbonsintheairto producealdehydesandketones.Smogcancauseserioushealthproblems. C.Acidrainisalsoresponsibleforthedeclineofmanyforest ecosystemsworldwideincludingGermany’sBlackForestandforeststhroughout theeasternUnitedStates.D.Inadditiontogroundwater depletionscientistsworryaboutgroundwatercontaminationwhicharisesfrom leakingundergroundstoragetankspoorlydesignedindustrialwastepondsand seepagefromthedeep-wellinjectionofhazardouswastesintounderground geologicformations.E.TheOgallalaAquiferahugeunderground reservoirstretchingundereightstatesoftheGreatPlainsisdrawndownat ratesexceeding100timesthereplacementrate.Agriculturalpracticesdepending onthissourceofwaterneedtochangewithinagenerationinordertosavethis groundwatersource.F.Astherunoffmovesitpicksupand carriesawaypollutantssuchaspesticidesandfertilizersdepositingthe pollutantsintolakesriverswetlandscoastalwatersandevenunderground sourcesofdrinkingwater.Pollutionarisingfromnonpointsourcesaccountsfor amajorityofthecontaminantsinstreamsandlakes.G.By someestimatesonaverage25percentofusablegroundwateriscontaminated andinsomeareasasmuchas75percentiscontaminated.
Text3 Eatingbetterandmoreadventurouslyis becominganobsessionespeciallyamongpeoplewithmoneytospend.Healthier eating-andnot-so-healthyeating-aswellasthenumberandvarietyoffood choicesandvenuescontinuetoincreaseataneverquickeningpace. Globalizationisthemastertrendthatwilldrivetheworldoffoodinthe yearsahead.Consumerstravelingtheglobebothvirtuallyandinrealitywill beabletosweepupingredientspackagedfoodsrecipesandcookingtechniques fromeverycomeroftheearthatanever-intensifyingandacceleratingpace. Formerlyremoteingredientsandcookingstylesarecreatingawholenewculinary mosaicastheyaretransplantedandreinterpretedallovertheworld. Manyfactorsarebehindthisbutnonemoresothantheinfluenceofthe greatinternationalhotelchains.Virtuallyeverychefwhohasworkedfor HiltonWestinPeninsulaoranyothermajorchaingathersglobalexperiencein localesasdiverseasSingaporeNewOrleansTorontoandDubai.Ateachstop theycarryawaycookingideasandtechniquestheycananddouse elsewhere.Thistrendwillgainevengreatermomentumas ambitiousyoungadultsstaketheirownfuturesoninternationalizationtreating broaderfoodawayasanimportantaspectoftheirownadvancement.Youngpeople willneedknowledgeoffoodandingredientsfromdifferentcontinentsand culturesasoneaspectofsocializationenculturationculturalexchangeand success.Incountryaftercountrythereseemslittledoubtthatglobalcuisine willmakeitsbiggestinroadsamongtheyoungerset.Manyinthegenerationsnow comingofagewilltreatworld-rangingfoodknowledgeandexperienceaskey elementsinfurtheringtheirpersonalplansbusinessacumenandindividual growth.TheInternethasmadeglobalcontactsamatterof routine.Computernetworkingwillpermitchefsandothersinthefoodindustry includingconsumerstolinkdirectlywiththebestavailableauthoritiesin farawaynationssupplementingorbypassingsecondhandsourcesofinformation altogether.Timewithallitsimplicationswillalsobea factorinemergingworldfoodtrends.Moreandmoreofusaredestinedto operateonglobaltime-thatisatfulltilt24hoursaday.Thiswillbecome thenormforcompanieswithresourcesscatteredallovertheplanet.Beyondthe 24-hoursupermarketsmanyofusalreadytakeforgrantedtherewillalsobe three-shiftshoppingcentersopenatanyhour.Restaurantsinthegreatbusiness capitalsintentoncultivatinganinternationalclientelewillservemidnight breakfastsorbreak-of-dawndinnerswiththeappropriatewineswithoutraising asingleeyebrow.Accordingtothetextthetrendofnewculinarymosaicismostacceleratedby______.
Text4 Thetelecityisacitywhoselife directionandfunctioningarelargelyshapedbytelecommunications.Inthe twenty-firstcentury;citieswillbebasedmoreandmoreonaneconomythatis dependentonservicesandintellectualproperty.Telecommunicationsand informationnetworkswilldefineacity’sarchitectureshapeandcharacter. Proximityinthetelecitywillbedefinedbythespeedandbandwidthofnetworks asmuchasbygeographicalpropinquity.IntheageofthetelecityNewYork andSingaporemaybecloserthansayNewYorkandArkadelphia Arkansas.Telecitieswillsupersedemegacitiesforseveral reasonsincludingthedrivetowardcleanairreducingpollutionenergy conservationmorejobsbasedonservicesandcopingwiththehighcostof urbanproperty.Nowwemustaddtheneedtocopewithterroristthreatsina high-technologyworld.Westernmind-setswereclearlyjoltedin thewakeoftheterroristattackontheWorldTradeCenterinNewYorkCityand attacksinIndonesiaSaudiArabiaandelsewhere.Buttherisksposedby twentieth-centurypatternsofurbanizationandarchitecturehaveyettoregister fullywithpoliticalfiguresandleadersofindustry.ThePentagonforexample hasbeenrebuiltinsituationratherthandistributedtomultiplelocationsand connectedbysecurelandlinesandbroadbandwirelesssystems.Likewisethe reconstructionoftheWorldTradeCentercomplexstillrepresentsamassive concentrationofhumanityandinfrastructure.Thisisaremarkablyshortsighted anddangerousvisionofthefuture.Thesecurityriskseconomic expensesandenvironmentalhazardsofovercentralizationareeverywhereand theydonotstopwithskyscrapersandlargegovernmentalstructures.Thereare risksalsoatseaportsandairportsinfoodandwatersuppliesatnuclear powerplantsandhydroelectricturbinesatmajordamsintransportation systemsandininformationandcommunicationssystems.This vulnerabilityappliesnotonlytoterroristthreatsbutalsotohumanerror suchassystem-wideblackoutsinNorthAmericainAugust2003andinItalyin September2003andnaturaldisasterssuchastyphoonshurricanesfloodsand earthquakes.Leadersandplannersareonlyslowlybecomingawarethatover centralizedfacilitiesarethemostvulnerabletoattackorcatastrophic destruction.Thereisalsogrowingawarenessthatnewbroadband electronicsystemsnowallowgovernmentsandcorporationstosafeguardtheirkey assetsandpeopleinnewandinnovativeways.Sofarcorporationshavebeen quickesttoadjusttothesenewrealitiesandsomegovernmentshavebegunto adjustaswell.Accordingtotheauthorthemostactiveadvocatesoftelecitiesare______.
Asignificantportionofindustryandtransportationburns fossilfuelssuchasgasoline.Whenthesefuelsburnchemicalsandparticulate matterarereleasedintotheatmosphere.Althoughavastnumberofsubstances contributetoairpollutionthemostcommonairpollutantscontaincarbon sulfurandnitrogen.41__________.Acidrain formswhensulfurdioxideandnitrousoxidetransformintosulfuricacidand nitricacidintheatmosphereandcomebacktoEarthinprecipitation.Acidrain hasmadenumerouslakessoacidicthattheynolongersupportfish populations.42__________.Estimatessuggest thatnearly1.5billionpeopleworldwidelacksafedrinkingwaterandthatat least5milliondeathsperyearcanbeattributedtowaterbornediseases.Water pollutionmaycomefrompointsourcesornonpointsources.Pointsources dischargepollutantsfromspecificlocationssuchasfactoriessewage treatmentplantsandoiltankers.Thetechnologyexiststomonitorandregulate pointsourcesofpollutionalthoughinsomeareasthisoccursonly sporadically.Pollutionfromnonpointsourcesoccurswhenrainfallorsnowmelt movesoverandthroughtheground.43__________. Withalmost80percentoftheplanetcoveredbyoceanspeoplehavelong actedasifthosebodiesofwatercouldserveasalimitlessdumpinggroundfor wastes.Howeverrawsewagegarbageandoilspillshavebeguntooverwhelmthe dilutingcapabilitiesoftileoceansandmostcoastalwatersarenowpolluted threateningmarinewildlife.44__________. Waterthatcollectsbeneaththegroundiscalledgroundwater.Worldwide groundwateris40timesmoreabundantthanfreshwaterinstreamsandlakes.In theUnitedStatesapproximatelyhalfthedrinkingwatercomesfromgroundwater. Althoughgroundwaterisarenewableresourcereservesreplenishrelatively slowly.PresentlygroundwaterintheUnitedStatesiswithdrawnapproximately4 timesfasterthanitisnaturallyreplaced.45__________.A. Beachesaroundtheworldcloseregularlyoftenbecausethesurroundingwaters containhighlevelsofbacteriafromsewagedisposal.B.These chemicalsinteractwithoneanotherandwithultravioletradiationinsunlight indangerousways.Smogusuallyfoundinurbanareaswithlargenumbersof automobilesformswhennitrogenoxidesreactwithhydrocarbonsintheairto producealdehydesandketones.Smogcancauseserioushealthproblems. C.Acidrainisalsoresponsibleforthedeclineofmanyforest ecosystemsworldwideincludingGermany’sBlackForestandforeststhroughout theeasternUnitedStates.D.Inadditiontogroundwater depletionscientistsworryaboutgroundwatercontaminationwhicharisesfrom leakingundergroundstoragetankspoorlydesignedindustrialwastepondsand seepagefromthedeep-wellinjectionofhazardouswastesintounderground geologicformations.E.TheOgallalaAquiferahugeunderground reservoirstretchingundereightstatesoftheGreatPlainsisdrawndownat ratesexceeding100timesthereplacementrate.Agriculturalpracticesdepending onthissourceofwaterneedtochangewithinagenerationinordertosavethis groundwatersource.F.Astherunoffmovesitpicksupand carriesawaypollutantssuchaspesticidesandfertilizersdepositingthe pollutantsintolakesriverswetlandscoastalwatersandevenunderground sourcesofdrinkingwater.Pollutionarisingfromnonpointsourcesaccountsfor amajorityofthecontaminantsinstreamsandlakes.G.By someestimatesonaverage25percentofusablegroundwateriscontaminated andinsomeareasasmuchas75percentiscontaminated.
Asignificantportionofindustryandtransportationburns fossilfuelssuchasgasoline.Whenthesefuelsburnchemicalsandparticulate matterarereleasedintotheatmosphere.Althoughavastnumberofsubstances contributetoairpollutionthemostcommonairpollutantscontaincarbon sulfurandnitrogen.41__________.Acidrain formswhensulfurdioxideandnitrousoxidetransformintosulfuricacidand nitricacidintheatmosphereandcomebacktoEarthinprecipitation.Acidrain hasmadenumerouslakessoacidicthattheynolongersupportfish populations.42__________.Estimatessuggest thatnearly1.5billionpeopleworldwidelacksafedrinkingwaterandthatat least5milliondeathsperyearcanbeattributedtowaterbornediseases.Water pollutionmaycomefrompointsourcesornonpointsources.Pointsources dischargepollutantsfromspecificlocationssuchasfactoriessewage treatmentplantsandoiltankers.Thetechnologyexiststomonitorandregulate pointsourcesofpollutionalthoughinsomeareasthisoccursonly sporadically.Pollutionfromnonpointsourcesoccurswhenrainfallorsnowmelt movesoverandthroughtheground.43__________. Withalmost80percentoftheplanetcoveredbyoceanspeoplehavelong actedasifthosebodiesofwatercouldserveasalimitlessdumpinggroundfor wastes.Howeverrawsewagegarbageandoilspillshavebeguntooverwhelmthe dilutingcapabilitiesoftileoceansandmostcoastalwatersarenowpolluted threateningmarinewildlife.44__________. Waterthatcollectsbeneaththegroundiscalledgroundwater.Worldwide groundwateris40timesmoreabundantthanfreshwaterinstreamsandlakes.In theUnitedStatesapproximatelyhalfthedrinkingwatercomesfromgroundwater. Althoughgroundwaterisarenewableresourcereservesreplenishrelatively slowly.PresentlygroundwaterintheUnitedStatesiswithdrawnapproximately4 timesfasterthanitisnaturallyreplaced.45__________.A. Beachesaroundtheworldcloseregularlyoftenbecausethesurroundingwaters containhighlevelsofbacteriafromsewagedisposal.B.These chemicalsinteractwithoneanotherandwithultravioletradiationinsunlight indangerousways.Smogusuallyfoundinurbanareaswithlargenumbersof automobilesformswhennitrogenoxidesreactwithhydrocarbonsintheairto producealdehydesandketones.Smogcancauseserioushealthproblems. C.Acidrainisalsoresponsibleforthedeclineofmanyforest ecosystemsworldwideincludingGermany’sBlackForestandforeststhroughout theeasternUnitedStates.D.Inadditiontogroundwater depletionscientistsworryaboutgroundwatercontaminationwhicharisesfrom leakingundergroundstoragetankspoorlydesignedindustrialwastepondsand seepagefromthedeep-wellinjectionofhazardouswastesintounderground geologicformations.E.TheOgallalaAquiferahugeunderground reservoirstretchingundereightstatesoftheGreatPlainsisdrawndownat ratesexceeding100timesthereplacementrate.Agriculturalpracticesdepending onthissourceofwaterneedtochangewithinagenerationinordertosavethis groundwatersource.F.Astherunoffmovesitpicksupand carriesawaypollutantssuchaspesticidesandfertilizersdepositingthe pollutantsintolakesriverswetlandscoastalwatersandevenunderground sourcesofdrinkingwater.Pollutionarisingfromnonpointsourcesaccountsfor amajorityofthecontaminantsinstreamsandlakes.G.By someestimatesonaverage25percentofusablegroundwateriscontaminated andinsomeareasasmuchas75percentiscontaminated.
Text4 Thetelecityisacitywhoselife directionandfunctioningarelargelyshapedbytelecommunications.Inthe twenty-firstcentury;citieswillbebasedmoreandmoreonaneconomythatis dependentonservicesandintellectualproperty.Telecommunicationsand informationnetworkswilldefineacity’sarchitectureshapeandcharacter. Proximityinthetelecitywillbedefinedbythespeedandbandwidthofnetworks asmuchasbygeographicalpropinquity.IntheageofthetelecityNewYork andSingaporemaybecloserthansayNewYorkandArkadelphia Arkansas.Telecitieswillsupersedemegacitiesforseveral reasonsincludingthedrivetowardcleanairreducingpollutionenergy conservationmorejobsbasedonservicesandcopingwiththehighcostof urbanproperty.Nowwemustaddtheneedtocopewithterroristthreatsina high-technologyworld.Westernmind-setswereclearlyjoltedin thewakeoftheterroristattackontheWorldTradeCenterinNewYorkCityand attacksinIndonesiaSaudiArabiaandelsewhere.Buttherisksposedby twentieth-centurypatternsofurbanizationandarchitecturehaveyettoregister fullywithpoliticalfiguresandleadersofindustry.ThePentagonforexample hasbeenrebuiltinsituationratherthandistributedtomultiplelocationsand connectedbysecurelandlinesandbroadbandwirelesssystems.Likewisethe reconstructionoftheWorldTradeCentercomplexstillrepresentsamassive concentrationofhumanityandinfrastructure.Thisisaremarkablyshortsighted anddangerousvisionofthefuture.Thesecurityriskseconomic expensesandenvironmentalhazardsofovercentralizationareeverywhereand theydonotstopwithskyscrapersandlargegovernmentalstructures.Thereare risksalsoatseaportsandairportsinfoodandwatersuppliesatnuclear powerplantsandhydroelectricturbinesatmajordamsintransportation systemsandininformationandcommunicationssystems.This vulnerabilityappliesnotonlytoterroristthreatsbutalsotohumanerror suchassystem-wideblackoutsinNorthAmericainAugust2003andinItalyin September2003andnaturaldisasterssuchastyphoonshurricanesfloodsand earthquakes.Leadersandplannersareonlyslowlybecomingawarethatover centralizedfacilitiesarethemostvulnerabletoattackorcatastrophic destruction.Thereisalsogrowingawarenessthatnewbroadband electronicsystemsnowallowgovernmentsandcorporationstosafeguardtheirkey assetsandpeopleinnewandinnovativeways.Sofarcorporationshavebeen quickesttoadjusttothesenewrealitiesandsomegovernmentshavebegunto adjustaswell.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsthereconstructionofThePentagonandtheWorldTradeCenter
Asignificantportionofindustryandtransportationburns fossilfuelssuchasgasoline.Whenthesefuelsburnchemicalsandparticulate matterarereleasedintotheatmosphere.Althoughavastnumberofsubstances contributetoairpollutionthemostcommonairpollutantscontaincarbon sulfurandnitrogen.41__________.Acidrain formswhensulfurdioxideandnitrousoxidetransformintosulfuricacidand nitricacidintheatmosphereandcomebacktoEarthinprecipitation.Acidrain hasmadenumerouslakessoacidicthattheynolongersupportfish populations.42__________.Estimatessuggest thatnearly1.5billionpeopleworldwidelacksafedrinkingwaterandthatat least5milliondeathsperyearcanbeattributedtowaterbornediseases.Water pollutionmaycomefrompointsourcesornonpointsources.Pointsources dischargepollutantsfromspecificlocationssuchasfactoriessewage treatmentplantsandoiltankers.Thetechnologyexiststomonitorandregulate pointsourcesofpollutionalthoughinsomeareasthisoccursonly sporadically.Pollutionfromnonpointsourcesoccurswhenrainfallorsnowmelt movesoverandthroughtheground.43__________. Withalmost80percentoftheplanetcoveredbyoceanspeoplehavelong actedasifthosebodiesofwatercouldserveasalimitlessdumpinggroundfor wastes.Howeverrawsewagegarbageandoilspillshavebeguntooverwhelmthe dilutingcapabilitiesoftileoceansandmostcoastalwatersarenowpolluted threateningmarinewildlife.44__________. Waterthatcollectsbeneaththegroundiscalledgroundwater.Worldwide groundwateris40timesmoreabundantthanfreshwaterinstreamsandlakes.In theUnitedStatesapproximatelyhalfthedrinkingwatercomesfromgroundwater. Althoughgroundwaterisarenewableresourcereservesreplenishrelatively slowly.PresentlygroundwaterintheUnitedStatesiswithdrawnapproximately4 timesfasterthanitisnaturallyreplaced.45__________.A. Beachesaroundtheworldcloseregularlyoftenbecausethesurroundingwaters containhighlevelsofbacteriafromsewagedisposal.B.These chemicalsinteractwithoneanotherandwithultravioletradiationinsunlight indangerousways.Smogusuallyfoundinurbanareaswithlargenumbersof automobilesformswhennitrogenoxidesreactwithhydrocarbonsintheairto producealdehydesandketones.Smogcancauseserioushealthproblems. C.Acidrainisalsoresponsibleforthedeclineofmanyforest ecosystemsworldwideincludingGermany’sBlackForestandforeststhroughout theeasternUnitedStates.D.Inadditiontogroundwater depletionscientistsworryaboutgroundwatercontaminationwhicharisesfrom leakingundergroundstoragetankspoorlydesignedindustrialwastepondsand seepagefromthedeep-wellinjectionofhazardouswastesintounderground geologicformations.E.TheOgallalaAquiferahugeunderground reservoirstretchingundereightstatesoftheGreatPlainsisdrawndownat ratesexceeding100timesthereplacementrate.Agriculturalpracticesdepending onthissourceofwaterneedtochangewithinagenerationinordertosavethis groundwatersource.F.Astherunoffmovesitpicksupand carriesawaypollutantssuchaspesticidesandfertilizersdepositingthe pollutantsintolakesriverswetlandscoastalwatersandevenunderground sourcesofdrinkingwater.Pollutionarisingfromnonpointsourcesaccountsfor amajorityofthecontaminantsinstreamsandlakes.G.By someestimatesonaverage25percentofusablegroundwateriscontaminated andinsomeareasasmuchas75percentiscontaminated.
Text4 Thetelecityisacitywhoselife directionandfunctioningarelargelyshapedbytelecommunications.Inthe twenty-firstcentury;citieswillbebasedmoreandmoreonaneconomythatis dependentonservicesandintellectualproperty.Telecommunicationsand informationnetworkswilldefineacity’sarchitectureshapeandcharacter. Proximityinthetelecitywillbedefinedbythespeedandbandwidthofnetworks asmuchasbygeographicalpropinquity.IntheageofthetelecityNewYork andSingaporemaybecloserthansayNewYorkandArkadelphia Arkansas.Telecitieswillsupersedemegacitiesforseveral reasonsincludingthedrivetowardcleanairreducingpollutionenergy conservationmorejobsbasedonservicesandcopingwiththehighcostof urbanproperty.Nowwemustaddtheneedtocopewithterroristthreatsina high-technologyworld.Westernmind-setswereclearlyjoltedin thewakeoftheterroristattackontheWorldTradeCenterinNewYorkCityand attacksinIndonesiaSaudiArabiaandelsewhere.Buttherisksposedby twentieth-centurypatternsofurbanizationandarchitecturehaveyettoregister fullywithpoliticalfiguresandleadersofindustry.ThePentagonforexample hasbeenrebuiltinsituationratherthandistributedtomultiplelocationsand connectedbysecurelandlinesandbroadbandwirelesssystems.Likewisethe reconstructionoftheWorldTradeCentercomplexstillrepresentsamassive concentrationofhumanityandinfrastructure.Thisisaremarkablyshortsighted anddangerousvisionofthefuture.Thesecurityriskseconomic expensesandenvironmentalhazardsofovercentralizationareeverywhereand theydonotstopwithskyscrapersandlargegovernmentalstructures.Thereare risksalsoatseaportsandairportsinfoodandwatersuppliesatnuclear powerplantsandhydroelectricturbinesatmajordamsintransportation systemsandininformationandcommunicationssystems.This vulnerabilityappliesnotonlytoterroristthreatsbutalsotohumanerror suchassystem-wideblackoutsinNorthAmericainAugust2003andinItalyin September2003andnaturaldisasterssuchastyphoonshurricanesfloodsand earthquakes.Leadersandplannersareonlyslowlybecomingawarethatover centralizedfacilitiesarethemostvulnerabletoattackorcatastrophic destruction.Thereisalsogrowingawarenessthatnewbroadband electronicsystemsnowallowgovernmentsandcorporationstosafeguardtheirkey assetsandpeopleinnewandinnovativeways.Sofarcorporationshavebeen quickesttoadjusttothesenewrealitiesandsomegovernmentshavebegunto adjustaswell.TheadvantageoftelecitiesovermegacitiesmayincludeallthefollowingEXCEPT______.
Text4 Thetelecityisacitywhoselife directionandfunctioningarelargelyshapedbytelecommunications.Inthe twenty-firstcentury;citieswillbebasedmoreandmoreonaneconomythatis dependentonservicesandintellectualproperty.Telecommunicationsand informationnetworkswilldefineacity’sarchitectureshapeandcharacter. Proximityinthetelecitywillbedefinedbythespeedandbandwidthofnetworks asmuchasbygeographicalpropinquity.IntheageofthetelecityNewYork andSingaporemaybecloserthansayNewYorkandArkadelphia Arkansas.Telecitieswillsupersedemegacitiesforseveral reasonsincludingthedrivetowardcleanairreducingpollutionenergy conservationmorejobsbasedonservicesandcopingwiththehighcostof urbanproperty.Nowwemustaddtheneedtocopewithterroristthreatsina high-technologyworld.Westernmind-setswereclearlyjoltedin thewakeoftheterroristattackontheWorldTradeCenterinNewYorkCityand attacksinIndonesiaSaudiArabiaandelsewhere.Buttherisksposedby twentieth-centurypatternsofurbanizationandarchitecturehaveyettoregister fullywithpoliticalfiguresandleadersofindustry.ThePentagonforexample hasbeenrebuiltinsituationratherthandistributedtomultiplelocationsand connectedbysecurelandlinesandbroadbandwirelesssystems.Likewisethe reconstructionoftheWorldTradeCentercomplexstillrepresentsamassive concentrationofhumanityandinfrastructure.Thisisaremarkablyshortsighted anddangerousvisionofthefuture.Thesecurityriskseconomic expensesandenvironmentalhazardsofovercentralizationareeverywhereand theydonotstopwithskyscrapersandlargegovernmentalstructures.Thereare risksalsoatseaportsandairportsinfoodandwatersuppliesatnuclear powerplantsandhydroelectricturbinesatmajordamsintransportation systemsandininformationandcommunicationssystems.This vulnerabilityappliesnotonlytoterroristthreatsbutalsotohumanerror suchassystem-wideblackoutsinNorthAmericainAugust2003andinItalyin September2003andnaturaldisasterssuchastyphoonshurricanesfloodsand earthquakes.Leadersandplannersareonlyslowlybecomingawarethatover centralizedfacilitiesarethemostvulnerabletoattackorcatastrophic destruction.Thereisalsogrowingawarenessthatnewbroadband electronicsystemsnowallowgovernmentsandcorporationstosafeguardtheirkey assetsandpeopleinnewandinnovativeways.Sofarcorporationshavebeen quickesttoadjusttothesenewrealitiesandsomegovernmentshavebegunto adjustaswell.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothetext
Text2 Avarietyofsignificantattractive short-termbenefitswilldrivethedevelopmentofmodernself-sufficienthomes. Theseincludesecurityfromsevereweatherclimatechangesandnatural disasters;securityfrominfectiousdiseasesandrelatedhealthproblems;a freshandnutritiousdiet;adependablefoodsupply;andsecurityfromglobal unrest.ButtherealbenefitofEarthHomeswillbethe long-termsustainabilityofourplanet.Itshouldbenosecretthattheplanet isexperiencingunusualweatherandclimateabnormalities.The10hottestyears inrecordedhistoryhaveallbeeninthelast15years;the1990swerethe hottestdecadeonrecord.TheMidwesternheatwaveof1995killed669peoplein Chicago.In1996wehadaseasonofrecordheatspellsand1997wasthesingle wannestyearonrecord--until1998shatteredglobaltemperaturerecords. Record-hightemperaturesthroughoutthesouthernUnitedStatesduringthesummer of1998forcedtheshutdownofWaltDisneyWorld’swaterparksbecauseofthe threatofaviralencephalitisoutbreak.TheUnitedNationsandinsurersblame unusualweatherforthousandsofdeathsandbillionsofdollarsin damage.Manyscientistsagreethattheemissionsresultingfrom humanactivitiesaresubstantiallyincreasingtheatmosphericconcentrationof thegreenhousegases.Theseincreaseswillenhancethegreenhouseeffect resultinginwarmingoftheearth’ssurface.In1990scientistspredictedthat ifgreenhousegasemissionsarenotsharplydecreasedwemightexperiencea1C to3Criseinglobaltemperatures.Theysuggestedthatwewouldhavetocutin halfouruseofcoaloilandgasinordertolowerouremissionsenoughto maintainconcentrationsofgreenhousegasesatthecurrentlevels. Proofofwarningincludesadecreaseintheamountofsnowthatcoversthe NorthernHemisphereasimultaneousdecreaseinArcticseaicecontinued meltingofalpineglaciersandariseinsealevel.Rainhasevenbeenreported forthefirsttimeinAntarcticaandanice-freepatchofoceanaboutamile widehasrecentlyopenedneartheNorthPole.Meanwhilestudies haveshownthatthecarbondioxideconcentrationinouratmospherehasbeen steadilyincreasingsince1958.Eventhoughtherateofemissionsfromfossil fuelshasbeenreducedconcentrationhasrisenconsistently.In 1995thesizeoftheozoneholeoverAntarcticadoubledtoaboutthesizeof Europe.Forthefirsttimeinrecordedhistorytheholestretchedover populatedareasexposingresidentsinsouthernChileandArgentinatoveryhigh levelsofultravioletUVradiation.Studieshaveshownthata1%decreasein ozoneinthestratosphereproducesa2%increaseinUVradiationreachingthe groundposingmoreriskstohumans.ItisimpliedthattheozoneholeoverAntarcticais______.
Text4 Thetelecityisacitywhoselife directionandfunctioningarelargelyshapedbytelecommunications.Inthe twenty-firstcentury;citieswillbebasedmoreandmoreonaneconomythatis dependentonservicesandintellectualproperty.Telecommunicationsand informationnetworkswilldefineacity’sarchitectureshapeandcharacter. Proximityinthetelecitywillbedefinedbythespeedandbandwidthofnetworks asmuchasbygeographicalpropinquity.IntheageofthetelecityNewYork andSingaporemaybecloserthansayNewYorkandArkadelphia Arkansas.Telecitieswillsupersedemegacitiesforseveral reasonsincludingthedrivetowardcleanairreducingpollutionenergy conservationmorejobsbasedonservicesandcopingwiththehighcostof urbanproperty.Nowwemustaddtheneedtocopewithterroristthreatsina high-technologyworld.Westernmind-setswereclearlyjoltedin thewakeoftheterroristattackontheWorldTradeCenterinNewYorkCityand attacksinIndonesiaSaudiArabiaandelsewhere.Buttherisksposedby twentieth-centurypatternsofurbanizationandarchitecturehaveyettoregister fullywithpoliticalfiguresandleadersofindustry.ThePentagonforexample hasbeenrebuiltinsituationratherthandistributedtomultiplelocationsand connectedbysecurelandlinesandbroadbandwirelesssystems.Likewisethe reconstructionoftheWorldTradeCentercomplexstillrepresentsamassive concentrationofhumanityandinfrastructure.Thisisaremarkablyshortsighted anddangerousvisionofthefuture.Thesecurityriskseconomic expensesandenvironmentalhazardsofovercentralizationareeverywhereand theydonotstopwithskyscrapersandlargegovernmentalstructures.Thereare risksalsoatseaportsandairportsinfoodandwatersuppliesatnuclear powerplantsandhydroelectricturbinesatmajordamsintransportation systemsandininformationandcommunicationssystems.This vulnerabilityappliesnotonlytoterroristthreatsbutalsotohumanerror suchassystem-wideblackoutsinNorthAmericainAugust2003andinItalyin September2003andnaturaldisasterssuchastyphoonshurricanesfloodsand earthquakes.Leadersandplannersareonlyslowlybecomingawarethatover centralizedfacilitiesarethemostvulnerabletoattackorcatastrophic destruction.Thereisalsogrowingawarenessthatnewbroadband electronicsystemsnowallowgovernmentsandcorporationstosafeguardtheirkey assetsandpeopleinnewandinnovativeways.Sofarcorporationshavebeen quickesttoadjusttothesenewrealitiesandsomegovernmentshavebegunto adjustaswell.JudgingfromthecontextthewordtheyLine2Para.4refersto______.
Text2 Avarietyofsignificantattractive short-termbenefitswilldrivethedevelopmentofmodernself-sufficienthomes. Theseincludesecurityfromsevereweatherclimatechangesandnatural disasters;securityfrominfectiousdiseasesandrelatedhealthproblems;a freshandnutritiousdiet;adependablefoodsupply;andsecurityfromglobal unrest.ButtherealbenefitofEarthHomeswillbethe long-termsustainabilityofourplanet.Itshouldbenosecretthattheplanet isexperiencingunusualweatherandclimateabnormalities.The10hottestyears inrecordedhistoryhaveallbeeninthelast15years;the1990swerethe hottestdecadeonrecord.TheMidwesternheatwaveof1995killed669peoplein Chicago.In1996wehadaseasonofrecordheatspellsand1997wasthesingle wannestyearonrecord--until1998shatteredglobaltemperaturerecords. Record-hightemperaturesthroughoutthesouthernUnitedStatesduringthesummer of1998forcedtheshutdownofWaltDisneyWorld’swaterparksbecauseofthe threatofaviralencephalitisoutbreak.TheUnitedNationsandinsurersblame unusualweatherforthousandsofdeathsandbillionsofdollarsin damage.Manyscientistsagreethattheemissionsresultingfrom humanactivitiesaresubstantiallyincreasingtheatmosphericconcentrationof thegreenhousegases.Theseincreaseswillenhancethegreenhouseeffect resultinginwarmingoftheearth’ssurface.In1990scientistspredictedthat ifgreenhousegasemissionsarenotsharplydecreasedwemightexperiencea1C to3Criseinglobaltemperatures.Theysuggestedthatwewouldhavetocutin halfouruseofcoaloilandgasinordertolowerouremissionsenoughto maintainconcentrationsofgreenhousegasesatthecurrentlevels. Proofofwarningincludesadecreaseintheamountofsnowthatcoversthe NorthernHemisphereasimultaneousdecreaseinArcticseaicecontinued meltingofalpineglaciersandariseinsealevel.Rainhasevenbeenreported forthefirsttimeinAntarcticaandanice-freepatchofoceanaboutamile widehasrecentlyopenedneartheNorthPole.Meanwhilestudies haveshownthatthecarbondioxideconcentrationinouratmospherehasbeen steadilyincreasingsince1958.Eventhoughtherateofemissionsfromfossil fuelshasbeenreducedconcentrationhasrisenconsistently.In 1995thesizeoftheozoneholeoverAntarcticadoubledtoaboutthesizeof Europe.Forthefirsttimeinrecordedhistorytheholestretchedover populatedareasexposingresidentsinsouthernChileandArgentinatoveryhigh levelsofultravioletUVradiation.Studieshaveshownthata1%decreasein ozoneinthestratosphereproducesa2%increaseinUVradiationreachingthe groundposingmoreriskstohumans.Incomparisonwithtraditionalhomestheadvantagesofmodemself-sufficienthomesare______.
SectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartADirections: Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextby choosingABCorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.Text 1 Peopleinbusinesscanuseforesightto identifynewproductsandservicesaswellasmarketsforthoseproductsand services.Anincreaseinminoritypopulationsinaneighborhoodwouldprompta grocerwithforesighttostockmorefoodslinkedtoethnictastes.Anartmuseum directorwithforesightmightfollowtrendsincomputergraphicstomake exhibitsmoreappealingtoyoungervisitors.Foresightmay revealpotentialthreatsthatwecanpreparetodealwithbeforetheybecome crises.Forinstanceacorporatemanagerwithforesightmightseeanalarming riseinlocalhousingpricesthatcouldaffecttheavailabilityofskilled workersintheregion.Thepublic’schangingvaluesandprioritiesaswellas emergingtechnologiesdemographicshiftseconomicconstraintsor opportunitiesandenvironmentalandresourceconcernsareallpartsofthe increasinglycomplexworldsysteminwhichleadersmustlead. Peopleingovernmentalsoneedforesighttokeepsystemsrunningsmoothly toplanbudgetsandtopreventwars.Governmentleaderstodaymustdealwitha hostofnewproblemsemergingfromrapidadvancesintechnology. Evenatthecommunitylevelforesightiscritical:Schoolofficialsfor exampleneedforesighttoassessnumbersofstudentstoaccommodatenumbersof teacherstohireneweducationaltechnologiestodeployandnewskillsfor studentsandtheirteacherstodevelop.Manyofthebest-known techniquesforforesightweredevelopedbygovernmentplannersespeciallyin themilitarywhenthepost-WorldWarIIatomicagemadeitcriticaltothink abouttheunthinkableandprepareforit.PioneeringfuturistsattheRAND Corporationthefirstthinktankbeganseriouslyconsideringwhatnew technologiesmightemergeinthefutureandhowthesemightaffectU.S. security.ThesepioneeringfuturistsatRANDalongwithotherselsewhere refinedavarietyofnewwaysforthinkingaboutthefuture.The futuristsrecognizedthatthefutureworldiscontinuouswiththepresentworld sowecanlearnagreatdealaboutwhatmayhappeninthefuturebylooking systematicallyatwhatishappeningnow.Thekeythingtowatchisnotevents suddendevelopmentsorone-dayoccurrencesbuttrendslong-termongoingshifts insuchthingsaspopulationlandusetechnologyandgovernmentalsystems .Usingthesetechniquesandmanyothersfuturistsnowcantell usmanythingsthatmayhappeninthefuture.Somearenearlycertaintohappen suchasthecontinuingexpansionintheworld’spopulation.Othereventsare viewedasfarlesslikelybutcouldbeextremelyimportantiftheydooccur suchasanasteroidcollidingwiththeplanet.Whichofthefollowingmayberegardedaspotentialcrises
SectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartADirections: Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextby choosingABCorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.Text 1 Peopleinbusinesscanuseforesightto identifynewproductsandservicesaswellasmarketsforthoseproductsand services.Anincreaseinminoritypopulationsinaneighborhoodwouldprompta grocerwithforesighttostockmorefoodslinkedtoethnictastes.Anartmuseum directorwithforesightmightfollowtrendsincomputergraphicstomake exhibitsmoreappealingtoyoungervisitors.Foresightmay revealpotentialthreatsthatwecanpreparetodealwithbeforetheybecome crises.Forinstanceacorporatemanagerwithforesightmightseeanalarming riseinlocalhousingpricesthatcouldaffecttheavailabilityofskilled workersintheregion.Thepublic’schangingvaluesandprioritiesaswellas emergingtechnologiesdemographicshiftseconomicconstraintsor opportunitiesandenvironmentalandresourceconcernsareallpartsofthe increasinglycomplexworldsysteminwhichleadersmustlead. Peopleingovernmentalsoneedforesighttokeepsystemsrunningsmoothly toplanbudgetsandtopreventwars.Governmentleaderstodaymustdealwitha hostofnewproblemsemergingfromrapidadvancesintechnology. Evenatthecommunitylevelforesightiscritical:Schoolofficialsfor exampleneedforesighttoassessnumbersofstudentstoaccommodatenumbersof teacherstohireneweducationaltechnologiestodeployandnewskillsfor studentsandtheirteacherstodevelop.Manyofthebest-known techniquesforforesightweredevelopedbygovernmentplannersespeciallyin themilitarywhenthepost-WorldWarIIatomicagemadeitcriticaltothink abouttheunthinkableandprepareforit.PioneeringfuturistsattheRAND Corporationthefirstthinktankbeganseriouslyconsideringwhatnew technologiesmightemergeinthefutureandhowthesemightaffectU.S. security.ThesepioneeringfuturistsatRANDalongwithotherselsewhere refinedavarietyofnewwaysforthinkingaboutthefuture.The futuristsrecognizedthatthefutureworldiscontinuouswiththepresentworld sowecanlearnagreatdealaboutwhatmayhappeninthefuturebylooking systematicallyatwhatishappeningnow.Thekeythingtowatchisnotevents suddendevelopmentsorone-dayoccurrencesbuttrendslong-termongoingshifts insuchthingsaspopulationlandusetechnologyandgovernmentalsystems .Usingthesetechniquesandmanyothersfuturistsnowcantell usmanythingsthatmayhappeninthefuture.Somearenearlycertaintohappen suchasthecontinuingexpansionintheworld’spopulation.Othereventsare viewedasfarlesslikelybutcouldbeextremelyimportantiftheydooccur suchasanasteroidcollidingwiththeplanet.Accordingtothetextthemostimportantforthefuturiststograspis______.
PartBDirections:Inthefollowingarticlessomesentence havebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45choosethemostsuitableonefromthe listA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblank.Therearetwoextrachoices whichdonotfitinanyofthegaps.MarkyouranswersonANSWTRSHEET 1. Asignificantportionofindustryandtransportationburns fossilfuelssuchasgasoline.Whenthesefuelsburnchemicalsandparticulate matterarereleasedintotheatmosphere.Althoughavastnumberofsubstances contributetoairpollutionthemostcommonairpollutantscontaincarbon sulfurandnitrogen.41__________.Acidrain formswhensulfurdioxideandnitrousoxidetransformintosulfuricacidand nitricacidintheatmosphereandcomebacktoEarthinprecipitation.Acidrain hasmadenumerouslakessoacidicthattheynolongersupportfish populations.42__________.Estimatessuggest thatnearly1.5billionpeopleworldwidelacksafedrinkingwaterandthatat least5milliondeathsperyearcanbeattributedtowaterbornediseases.Water pollutionmaycomefrompointsourcesornonpointsources.Pointsources dischargepollutantsfromspecificlocationssuchasfactoriessewage treatmentplantsandoiltankers.Thetechnologyexiststomonitorandregulate pointsourcesofpollutionalthoughinsomeareasthisoccursonly sporadically.Pollutionfromnonpointsourcesoccurswhenrainfallorsnowmelt movesoverandthroughtheground.43__________. Withalmost80percentoftheplanetcoveredbyoceanspeoplehavelong actedasifthosebodiesofwatercouldserveasalimitlessdumpinggroundfor wastes.Howeverrawsewagegarbageandoilspillshavebeguntooverwhelmthe dilutingcapabilitiesoftileoceansandmostcoastalwatersarenowpolluted threateningmarinewildlife.44__________. Waterthatcollectsbeneaththegroundiscalledgroundwater.Worldwide groundwateris40timesmoreabundantthanfreshwaterinstreamsandlakes.In theUnitedStatesapproximatelyhalfthedrinkingwatercomesfromgroundwater. Althoughgroundwaterisarenewableresourcereservesreplenishrelatively slowly.PresentlygroundwaterintheUnitedStatesiswithdrawnapproximately4 timesfasterthanitisnaturallyreplaced.45__________.A. Beachesaroundtheworldcloseregularlyoftenbecausethesurroundingwaters containhighlevelsofbacteriafromsewagedisposal.B.These chemicalsinteractwithoneanotherandwithultravioletradiationinsunlight indangerousways.Smogusuallyfoundinurbanareaswithlargenumbersof automobilesformswhennitrogenoxidesreactwithhydrocarbonsintheairto producealdehydesandketones.Smogcancauseserioushealthproblems. C.Acidrainisalsoresponsibleforthedeclineofmanyforest ecosystemsworldwideincludingGermany’sBlackForestandforeststhroughout theeasternUnitedStates.D.Inadditiontogroundwater depletionscientistsworryaboutgroundwatercontaminationwhicharisesfrom leakingundergroundstoragetankspoorlydesignedindustrialwastepondsand seepagefromthedeep-wellinjectionofhazardouswastesintounderground geologicformations.E.TheOgallalaAquiferahugeunderground reservoirstretchingundereightstatesoftheGreatPlainsisdrawndownat ratesexceeding100timesthereplacementrate.Agriculturalpracticesdepending onthissourceofwaterneedtochangewithinagenerationinordertosavethis groundwatersource.F.Astherunoffmovesitpicksupand carriesawaypollutantssuchaspesticidesandfertilizersdepositingthe pollutantsintolakesriverswetlandscoastalwatersandevenunderground sourcesofdrinkingwater.Pollutionarisingfromnonpointsourcesaccountsfor amajorityofthecontaminantsinstreamsandlakes.G.By someestimatesonaverage25percentofusablegroundwateriscontaminated andinsomeareasasmuchas75percentiscontaminated.
Text3 Eatingbetterandmoreadventurouslyis becominganobsessionespeciallyamongpeoplewithmoneytospend.Healthier eating-andnot-so-healthyeating-aswellasthenumberandvarietyoffood choicesandvenuescontinuetoincreaseataneverquickeningpace. Globalizationisthemastertrendthatwilldrivetheworldoffoodinthe yearsahead.Consumerstravelingtheglobebothvirtuallyandinrealitywill beabletosweepupingredientspackagedfoodsrecipesandcookingtechniques fromeverycomeroftheearthatanever-intensifyingandacceleratingpace. Formerlyremoteingredientsandcookingstylesarecreatingawholenewculinary mosaicastheyaretransplantedandreinterpretedallovertheworld. Manyfactorsarebehindthisbutnonemoresothantheinfluenceofthe greatinternationalhotelchains.Virtuallyeverychefwhohasworkedfor HiltonWestinPeninsulaoranyothermajorchaingathersglobalexperiencein localesasdiverseasSingaporeNewOrleansTorontoandDubai.Ateachstop theycarryawaycookingideasandtechniquestheycananddouse elsewhere.Thistrendwillgainevengreatermomentumas ambitiousyoungadultsstaketheirownfuturesoninternationalizationtreating broaderfoodawayasanimportantaspectoftheirownadvancement.Youngpeople willneedknowledgeoffoodandingredientsfromdifferentcontinentsand culturesasoneaspectofsocializationenculturationculturalexchangeand success.Incountryaftercountrythereseemslittledoubtthatglobalcuisine willmakeitsbiggestinroadsamongtheyoungerset.Manyinthegenerationsnow comingofagewilltreatworld-rangingfoodknowledgeandexperienceaskey elementsinfurtheringtheirpersonalplansbusinessacumenandindividual growth.TheInternethasmadeglobalcontactsamatterof routine.Computernetworkingwillpermitchefsandothersinthefoodindustry includingconsumerstolinkdirectlywiththebestavailableauthoritiesin farawaynationssupplementingorbypassingsecondhandsourcesofinformation altogether.Timewithallitsimplicationswillalsobea factorinemergingworldfoodtrends.Moreandmoreofusaredestinedto operateonglobaltime-thatisatfulltilt24hoursaday.Thiswillbecome thenormforcompanieswithresourcesscatteredallovertheplanet.Beyondthe 24-hoursupermarketsmanyofusalreadytakeforgrantedtherewillalsobe three-shiftshoppingcentersopenatanyhour.Restaurantsinthegreatbusiness capitalsintentoncultivatinganinternationalclientelewillservemidnight breakfastsorbreak-of-dawndinnerswiththeappropriatewineswithoutraising asingleeyebrow.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat______.
Text2 Avarietyofsignificantattractive short-termbenefitswilldrivethedevelopmentofmodernself-sufficienthomes. Theseincludesecurityfromsevereweatherclimatechangesandnatural disasters;securityfrominfectiousdiseasesandrelatedhealthproblems;a freshandnutritiousdiet;adependablefoodsupply;andsecurityfromglobal unrest.ButtherealbenefitofEarthHomeswillbethe long-termsustainabilityofourplanet.Itshouldbenosecretthattheplanet isexperiencingunusualweatherandclimateabnormalities.The10hottestyears inrecordedhistoryhaveallbeeninthelast15years;the1990swerethe hottestdecadeonrecord.TheMidwesternheatwaveof1995killed669peoplein Chicago.In1996wehadaseasonofrecordheatspellsand1997wasthesingle wannestyearonrecord--until1998shatteredglobaltemperaturerecords. Record-hightemperaturesthroughoutthesouthernUnitedStatesduringthesummer of1998forcedtheshutdownofWaltDisneyWorld’swaterparksbecauseofthe threatofaviralencephalitisoutbreak.TheUnitedNationsandinsurersblame unusualweatherforthousandsofdeathsandbillionsofdollarsin damage.Manyscientistsagreethattheemissionsresultingfrom humanactivitiesaresubstantiallyincreasingtheatmosphericconcentrationof thegreenhousegases.Theseincreaseswillenhancethegreenhouseeffect resultinginwarmingoftheearth’ssurface.In1990scientistspredictedthat ifgreenhousegasemissionsarenotsharplydecreasedwemightexperiencea1C to3Criseinglobaltemperatures.Theysuggestedthatwewouldhavetocutin halfouruseofcoaloilandgasinordertolowerouremissionsenoughto maintainconcentrationsofgreenhousegasesatthecurrentlevels. Proofofwarningincludesadecreaseintheamountofsnowthatcoversthe NorthernHemisphereasimultaneousdecreaseinArcticseaicecontinued meltingofalpineglaciersandariseinsealevel.Rainhasevenbeenreported forthefirsttimeinAntarcticaandanice-freepatchofoceanaboutamile widehasrecentlyopenedneartheNorthPole.Meanwhilestudies haveshownthatthecarbondioxideconcentrationinouratmospherehasbeen steadilyincreasingsince1958.Eventhoughtherateofemissionsfromfossil fuelshasbeenreducedconcentrationhasrisenconsistently.In 1995thesizeoftheozoneholeoverAntarcticadoubledtoaboutthesizeof Europe.Forthefirsttimeinrecordedhistorytheholestretchedover populatedareasexposingresidentsinsouthernChileandArgentinatoveryhigh levelsofultravioletUVradiation.Studieshaveshownthata1%decreasein ozoneinthestratosphereproducesa2%increaseinUVradiationreachingthe groundposingmoreriskstohumans.Accordingtoscientiststokeepdownconcentrationsofgreenhousegasesweshould______.
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