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在中国近代，将“解释例”作为审判的根据，始于
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之所以把鸦片战争作为中国近代史的开端最主要根据是
中国第一次遭到西方列强的大规模侵略
清王朝开始变为西方列强统治中国的工具
签订了中国近代第一个不平等条约
中国社会性质发生了变化
中国近代外交体制的变革始于__衙门的设立
列强的炮声惊醒了古老中华帝国的美梦中华民族的屈辱史——中国近代史开始了中国近代史开始于
鸦片战争
第二次鸦片战争
甲午中日战争
八国联军侵华战争
中国近代最早的葡萄酒酿造业始于葡萄酒厂
长城
张裕
王朝
云南红
中国近代史开始于
1624年
1689年
1771年
1840年
中国近代史不仅是一部__外来侵略的历史也是一部中国人民不断追求近代化的历史中国近代化探索的大规模实践
洋务运动
戊戌变法
辛亥革命
新文化运动
列强的炮声惊醒了古老中华帝国的美梦中华民族的屈辱史——中国近代史开始了中国近代史开始于
鸦片战争
第二次鸦片战争
甲午中日战争
八国联军侵华战争
从某种意义上说中国近代史开始于南京也基本结束于南京下列史实中最能反映中国近代史基本结束于南京的是
《南京条约》签订
中华民国成立
日本占领南京
人民解放军占领南京
关于中国近代史开端有多种观点认为中国近代史始于明末的学者是
范文澜
胡绳
蒋廷黻
郭廷以
阅读材料回答问题材料现代化与近代化在西方词汇中本是同一概念中国走向近代化的过程也是不断向西方学习的过
西方的市政管理经济模式的传人使商埠最先脱出中国传统政治城市的模式率先迈向近代化沿海口岸被迫开埠被视为
认为中国近代化始于被迫开埠通商
客观评价了西方扩张的积极作用
全面分析了列强侵略对中国的影响
解释了中国近代城市发展的根本原因
思考根据所学知识从中国近代的战争及签订的不平等条约中概括中国近代主权沦失的过程8分
在中国近代将解释例作为判案依据始于
清政府
南京临时政府
民国北京政府
南京国民政府
中国近代葡萄酒酿造业始于
烟台
北京
天津
青岛
中国近代的留学教育始于
1962年
1866年
1872年
1894年
中国近代史开始于
1839年
1840年
1841年
1842年
在近代法制史上以判例和解释例作为法律渊源的政权有
清末政府
南京临时政府
北洋政府
南京国民政府
中国传统文化危机和中国近代文化开端始于
1949年
1919年
1644年
1840年
中国近代对文化的解释
有人认为从某种意义上说中国近代史开始于南京也基本结束于南京下列事件中能反映中国近代史基本结束于南京的
《南京条约》的签订
渡江战役的开始
人民解放军占领南京
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PrinceKlemensVonMetternichforeignministeroftheAustrianEmpireduringtheNapoleoniceraanditsaftermathwouldhavenotroublerecognizingGoogle.Tohimtheworld’smostpopularweb-searchenginewouldcloselyresembletheNapoleonicFrancethatinhisyouthhumiliatedAustriaandEurope’sotherpowers.Itsrivals—Yahoo!thelargestofthetraditionalwebgatewayseBaythebiggestonlineauctionandtradingsiteandMicrosoftasoftwareempirethatownsMSNastrugglingwebportal—wouldlookalotlikeRussiaPrussiaandAustria.Metternichrespondedbyforginganallianceamongthosethreemonarchiestocreatea"balanceofpower"againstFrance.Google’senemieshemightsayoughtnowtodothesamething. GoogleannouncedtwonewconquestsonAugust7th.ItstruckadealwithViacoman"old"mediafirmunderwhichitwillsyndicatevideoclipsfromViacombrandssuchasMTVandNickelodeontootherwebsitesandintegrateadvertisementsintothem.ThismakesGoogletheclearleaderinthefledglingbutpromisingmarketforweb-videoadvertising.ItalsoannouncedadealwithNewsCorporationanothermediagiantunderwhichitwillpro-videallthesearchandtext-advertisingtechnologyonNewsCorporation’swebsitesincludingMySpaceanenormouslypopularsocial-networkingsite. ThesearehardblowsforYahoo!andMSNwhichhadalsobeennegotiatingwithNewsCorporation.BothfirmshavebeenlosingmarketshareinwebsearchtoGoogleoverthepastyear—Googlenowhashalfthemarket.TheyhavealsofallenfurtherbehindintheiradvertisingtechnologiesandnetworkssothatbothmakelessmoneythanGoogledoesfromthesamenumberofsearches.SafaRashtchyananalystatPiperJaffrayasecuritiesfirmestimatesthatforeveryadvertisingdollarthatGooglemakesonasearchqueryYahoo!makesonly60-70cents.LastmonthYahoo!saidthatanewadvertisingalgorithmthatithaddesignedtoclosethegapinprofitabilitywillbedelayedanditssharepricefellby22%itsbiggest-everone-daydrop. MSNisfurtherbehindGooglethanYahoo!insearchanditsparentMicrosoftfacesanevenmorefundamentalthreatfromtheexpansionistnewpower.ManyofGoogle’snewventuresbeyondwebsearchenableuserstodothingsfreeofchargethroughtheirwebbrowsersthattheynowdousingMicrosoftsoftwareontheirpersonalcomputers.Googleoffersarudimentarybutfreeonlinewordprocessorandspreadsheetforinstance. ThesmallereBayontheotherhandmightinonesenseclaimGoogleasanally.Google’ssearchresultssendalotoftraffictoeBay’sauctionsiteandeBayisoneofthebiggestadvertisersonGoogle’snetwork.Buttherelationshipisimbalanced.Aninfluentialre-centstudyfromBerkeley’sHaasSchoolofBusinessestimatedthatabout12%ofeBay’srevenuescomeindirectlyfromGooglewhereasGooglegetsonly3%ofitsrevenuesfromeBay.WorstofallforeBayGoogleisstartingtoundercutitscorebusiness.SellersaresettinguptheirownwebsitesandbuyingtextadvertisementsfromGoogleandbuyersareusingitssearchratherthaneBaytoconnectwithsellersdirectly.Asaresult"eBaywouldbewisetostrikeadeeppartnershipwithYahoo!orMicrosoftinordertoregainabalanceofpowerintheindustry"saidthestudy’sauthorsJulienDecotandSteveLeesoundinglikediplomatsattheCongressofViennain1814. GooglewinsanadvantageoverMSNinthat
Divorceistheactbywhichavalidmarriageisdissolvedusuallyfreeingthepartiestoremarry.Inregionsin1ancient2authoritystillpredominatesdivorcemaybe3andrareespeciallywhenasamongRomanCatholicsandHindusthereligious4viewsmarriage5indissoluble.Custom6maymakedivorceasimplematterin7societies.8somePuebloIndiantribesawomancoulddivorceherhusband9leavinghismoccasinsonthedoorstep.The10ofindividualdeterminationandmutual11aremakingdivorce12acceptableinthe13partsoftheworld. Amongpremodernsocietiestherateofmaritalstabilityisdifficultto1415thevaryingdefinitionsof16anddivorce.Itseemstobebroadlytrue17whereverdivorceisalegalimpossibilitytheweddingisawell-definedeventconductedwith18formality.The19principledoesnotholdtrue:elaboratemarriageceremonialisquitecompatiblewithhighdivorcerates.Manyanthropologistsagreethatdivorceisgenerallymorepermissibleinmatrilinealsocieties20inpatrilinealonesinwhichtheprocreativeandsexualrightsofthebrideareoftensymbolicallytransferredtothehusbandwiththepaymentofbride-price. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.4
PrinceKlemensVonMetternichforeignministeroftheAustrianEmpireduringtheNapoleoniceraanditsaftermathwouldhavenotroublerecognizingGoogle.Tohimtheworld’smostpopularweb-searchenginewouldcloselyresembletheNapoleonicFrancethatinhisyouthhumiliatedAustriaandEurope’sotherpowers.Itsrivals—Yahoo!thelargestofthetraditionalwebgatewayseBaythebiggestonlineauctionandtradingsiteandMicrosoftasoftwareempirethatownsMSNastrugglingwebportal—wouldlookalotlikeRussiaPrussiaandAustria.Metternichrespondedbyforginganallianceamongthosethreemonarchiestocreatea"balanceofpower"againstFrance.Google’senemieshemightsayoughtnowtodothesamething. GoogleannouncedtwonewconquestsonAugust7th.ItstruckadealwithViacoman"old"mediafirmunderwhichitwillsyndicatevideoclipsfromViacombrandssuchasMTVandNickelodeontootherwebsitesandintegrateadvertisementsintothem.ThismakesGoogletheclearleaderinthefledglingbutpromisingmarketforweb-videoadvertising.ItalsoannouncedadealwithNewsCorporationanothermediagiantunderwhichitwillpro-videallthesearchandtext-advertisingtechnologyonNewsCorporation’swebsitesincludingMySpaceanenormouslypopularsocial-networkingsite. ThesearehardblowsforYahoo!andMSNwhichhadalsobeennegotiatingwithNewsCorporation.BothfirmshavebeenlosingmarketshareinwebsearchtoGoogleoverthepastyear—Googlenowhashalfthemarket.TheyhavealsofallenfurtherbehindintheiradvertisingtechnologiesandnetworkssothatbothmakelessmoneythanGoogledoesfromthesamenumberofsearches.SafaRashtchyananalystatPiperJaffrayasecuritiesfirmestimatesthatforeveryadvertisingdollarthatGooglemakesonasearchqueryYahoo!makesonly60-70cents.LastmonthYahoo!saidthatanewadvertisingalgorithmthatithaddesignedtoclosethegapinprofitabilitywillbedelayedanditssharepricefellby22%itsbiggest-everone-daydrop. MSNisfurtherbehindGooglethanYahoo!insearchanditsparentMicrosoftfacesanevenmorefundamentalthreatfromtheexpansionistnewpower.ManyofGoogle’snewventuresbeyondwebsearchenableuserstodothingsfreeofchargethroughtheirwebbrowsersthattheynowdousingMicrosoftsoftwareontheirpersonalcomputers.Googleoffersarudimentarybutfreeonlinewordprocessorandspreadsheetforinstance. ThesmallereBayontheotherhandmightinonesenseclaimGoogleasanally.Google’ssearchresultssendalotoftraffictoeBay’sauctionsiteandeBayisoneofthebiggestadvertisersonGoogle’snetwork.Buttherelationshipisimbalanced.Aninfluentialre-centstudyfromBerkeley’sHaasSchoolofBusinessestimatedthatabout12%ofeBay’srevenuescomeindirectlyfromGooglewhereasGooglegetsonly3%ofitsrevenuesfromeBay.WorstofallforeBayGoogleisstartingtoundercutitscorebusiness.SellersaresettinguptheirownwebsitesandbuyingtextadvertisementsfromGoogleandbuyersareusingitssearchratherthaneBaytoconnectwithsellersdirectly.Asaresult"eBaywouldbewisetostrikeadeeppartnershipwithYahoo!orMicrosoftinordertoregainabalanceofpowerintheindustry"saidthestudy’sauthorsJulienDecotandSteveLeesoundinglikediplomatsattheCongressofViennain1814. Googlewillplayadecisiveroleinthemarketforweb-videoadvertisingbecauseof
Divorceistheactbywhichavalidmarriageisdissolvedusuallyfreeingthepartiestoremarry.Inregionsin1ancient2authoritystillpredominatesdivorcemaybe3andrareespeciallywhenasamongRomanCatholicsandHindusthereligious4viewsmarriage5indissoluble.Custom6maymakedivorceasimplematterin7societies.8somePuebloIndiantribesawomancoulddivorceherhusband9leavinghismoccasinsonthedoorstep.The10ofindividualdeterminationandmutual11aremakingdivorce12acceptableinthe13partsoftheworld. Amongpremodernsocietiestherateofmaritalstabilityisdifficultto1415thevaryingdefinitionsof16anddivorce.Itseemstobebroadlytrue17whereverdivorceisalegalimpossibilitytheweddingisawell-definedeventconductedwith18formality.The19principledoesnotholdtrue:elaboratemarriageceremonialisquitecompatiblewithhighdivorcerates.Manyanthropologistsagreethatdivorceisgenerallymorepermissibleinmatrilinealsocieties20inpatrilinealonesinwhichtheprocreativeandsexualrightsofthebrideareoftensymbolicallytransferredtothehusbandwiththepaymentofbride-price. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.18
Divorceistheactbywhichavalidmarriageisdissolvedusuallyfreeingthepartiestoremarry.Inregionsin1ancient2authoritystillpredominatesdivorcemaybe3andrareespeciallywhenasamongRomanCatholicsandHindusthereligious4viewsmarriage5indissoluble.Custom6maymakedivorceasimplematterin7societies.8somePuebloIndiantribesawomancoulddivorceherhusband9leavinghismoccasinsonthedoorstep.The10ofindividualdeterminationandmutual11aremakingdivorce12acceptableinthe13partsoftheworld. Amongpremodernsocietiestherateofmaritalstabilityisdifficultto1415thevaryingdefinitionsof16anddivorce.Itseemstobebroadlytrue17whereverdivorceisalegalimpossibilitytheweddingisawell-definedeventconductedwith18formality.The19principledoesnotholdtrue:elaboratemarriageceremonialisquitecompatiblewithhighdivorcerates.Manyanthropologistsagreethatdivorceisgenerallymorepermissibleinmatrilinealsocieties20inpatrilinealonesinwhichtheprocreativeandsexualrightsofthebrideareoftensymbolicallytransferredtothehusbandwiththepaymentofbride-price. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.12
Divorceistheactbywhichavalidmarriageisdissolvedusuallyfreeingthepartiestoremarry.Inregionsin1ancient2authoritystillpredominatesdivorcemaybe3andrareespeciallywhenasamongRomanCatholicsandHindusthereligious4viewsmarriage5indissoluble.Custom6maymakedivorceasimplematterin7societies.8somePuebloIndiantribesawomancoulddivorceherhusband9leavinghismoccasinsonthedoorstep.The10ofindividualdeterminationandmutual11aremakingdivorce12acceptableinthe13partsoftheworld. Amongpremodernsocietiestherateofmaritalstabilityisdifficultto1415thevaryingdefinitionsof16anddivorce.Itseemstobebroadlytrue17whereverdivorceisalegalimpossibilitytheweddingisawell-definedeventconductedwith18formality.The19principledoesnotholdtrue:elaboratemarriageceremonialisquitecompatiblewithhighdivorcerates.Manyanthropologistsagreethatdivorceisgenerallymorepermissibleinmatrilinealsocieties20inpatrilinealonesinwhichtheprocreativeandsexualrightsofthebrideareoftensymbolicallytransferredtothehusbandwiththepaymentofbride-price. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.20
Divorceistheactbywhichavalidmarriageisdissolvedusuallyfreeingthepartiestoremarry.Inregionsin1ancient2authoritystillpredominatesdivorcemaybe3andrareespeciallywhenasamongRomanCatholicsandHindusthereligious4viewsmarriage5indissoluble.Custom6maymakedivorceasimplematterin7societies.8somePuebloIndiantribesawomancoulddivorceherhusband9leavinghismoccasinsonthedoorstep.The10ofindividualdeterminationandmutual11aremakingdivorce12acceptableinthe13partsoftheworld. Amongpremodernsocietiestherateofmaritalstabilityisdifficultto1415thevaryingdefinitionsof16anddivorce.Itseemstobebroadlytrue17whereverdivorceisalegalimpossibilitytheweddingisawell-definedeventconductedwith18formality.The19principledoesnotholdtrue:elaboratemarriageceremonialisquitecompatiblewithhighdivorcerates.Manyanthropologistsagreethatdivorceisgenerallymorepermissibleinmatrilinealsocieties20inpatrilinealonesinwhichtheprocreativeandsexualrightsofthebrideareoftensymbolicallytransferredtothehusbandwiththepaymentofbride-price. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.8
Divorceistheactbywhichavalidmarriageisdissolvedusuallyfreeingthepartiestoremarry.Inregionsin1ancient2authoritystillpredominatesdivorcemaybe3andrareespeciallywhenasamongRomanCatholicsandHindusthereligious4viewsmarriage5indissoluble.Custom6maymakedivorceasimplematterin7societies.8somePuebloIndiantribesawomancoulddivorceherhusband9leavinghismoccasinsonthedoorstep.The10ofindividualdeterminationandmutual11aremakingdivorce12acceptableinthe13partsoftheworld. Amongpremodernsocietiestherateofmaritalstabilityisdifficultto1415thevaryingdefinitionsof16anddivorce.Itseemstobebroadlytrue17whereverdivorceisalegalimpossibilitytheweddingisawell-definedeventconductedwith18formality.The19principledoesnotholdtrue:elaboratemarriageceremonialisquitecompatiblewithhighdivorcerates.Manyanthropologistsagreethatdivorceisgenerallymorepermissibleinmatrilinealsocieties20inpatrilinealonesinwhichtheprocreativeandsexualrightsofthebrideareoftensymbolicallytransferredtothehusbandwiththepaymentofbride-price. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.16
Divorceistheactbywhichavalidmarriageisdissolvedusuallyfreeingthepartiestoremarry.Inregionsin1ancient2authoritystillpredominatesdivorcemaybe3andrareespeciallywhenasamongRomanCatholicsandHindusthereligious4viewsmarriage5indissoluble.Custom6maymakedivorceasimplematterin7societies.8somePuebloIndiantribesawomancoulddivorceherhusband9leavinghismoccasinsonthedoorstep.The10ofindividualdeterminationandmutual11aremakingdivorce12acceptableinthe13partsoftheworld. Amongpremodernsocietiestherateofmaritalstabilityisdifficultto1415thevaryingdefinitionsof16anddivorce.Itseemstobebroadlytrue17whereverdivorceisalegalimpossibilitytheweddingisawell-definedeventconductedwith18formality.The19principledoesnotholdtrue:elaboratemarriageceremonialisquitecompatiblewithhighdivorcerates.Manyanthropologistsagreethatdivorceisgenerallymorepermissibleinmatrilinealsocieties20inpatrilinealonesinwhichtheprocreativeandsexualrightsofthebrideareoftensymbolicallytransferredtothehusbandwiththepaymentofbride-price. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.2
EarlierthissummerArnoldSchwarzeneggerCalifornia’sgovernorsaidthatthestate’spenalsystemwas"fallingapartinfrontofourveryeyes".Indeedso.Some172000inmatesarecrowdedintoinstitutions—fromthestate’s33prisonstoits12"communitycorrectionalfacilities"—thataremeanttohousefewerthan90000.Drugabuseisrampant;sotooarediseasessuchasHIVandhepatitisC.Race-basedgangsposetheconstantthreatofviolenceriotandevenmurder.Andwithmorethan16000prisonerssleepinginprisongymnasiumsandclassroomsrehabilitationprogramsarevirtuallynon-existent—whichhelpstoexplainwhytwo-thirdsofCalifornia’sconvictsthehighestrateinthecountryarebackinprisonwithinthreeyearsofbeingreleased. Willthegovernor’ssummonsofaspecialsessionofthestatelegislaturebeginningthisweekbringaremedyThereasonforthesessionistodiscussMr.Schwarzenegger’srequestforalmost$5.8billionofpublicmoneytobepumpedintotheprisonsystem.Bondsfor$2billionwouldfinanceten500-bed"re-entryfacilities"forprisonersnearingtheendoftheirsentences;another$2billionwouldexpandexistingprisons;$1.2billionwouldbeearmarkedfortwonewprisons;and$500mwouldgofornewprisonhospitals. Moneyalonewillprovideneitheranimmediatesolutionnoralastingone.ThefirstproblemisthatCaliforniasimplyputstoomanyoffendersinprison.Theimprisonmentratewhichhasrisenalmosteight-foldsince1970andiswayaheadofanyEuropeancountryhasconsistentlymeantovercrowdingdespitetheconstructionof22newprisonsinthepast20years. The1994"three-strikes"lawapprovedbyvotersinareferendummeanshandingout25-years-to-lifesentencesforoftentrivialthirdoffences—andresultsinthegrowingpresenceinprisonofelderlyinmateswhocostthetaxpayerfarmorethantheaverageof$34000aprisoner.Meanwhilethepracticeofreturningparoleviolatorstoprisonevenforrelativelytrivialmis-stepssuchasmissingadrugstestalsostrainsthesystem;some11%ofinmatesareparoleviolators.Addedtoallthesearemorethan5000illegalimmigrantsbeingheldonbehalfofthefederalgovernment. ThesecondproblemisthatanyattempttoreformCalifornia’spenalpolicybecomeshostagetopolitics.Twoyearsagothegovernorwasexpressingoptimism.Headdedtheword"rehabilitation"toCalifornia’sdepartmentofcorrectionsappointedRodHickmanareform-mindedformerprisonguardtooverseethesystemandpromisedtolessenthepowerofthe31000-strongprisonguards’unionnotleastbybreakingthe"codeofsilence"thatprotectscorruptorviolentguards.Butthatwasthen.TherealitynowisthatMr.HickmanresignedinMarch.Evidenceindicatesthatthegovernor’sofficemayhavegiventhecodeofsilenceinCalifornia’sprisonsanewleaseonlife. Manyexpertssaythatwithnomoderationinsentencingpoliciesonthehorizontheprisonpopulationisexpectedtogrowbyanother21000overthenextfiveyears—enoughtoout-paceanyprison-buildingprogram.Thusthedreamofprisonreformswillnevertouchtheground AccordingtothepassageCaliforniahasthehighestrateofreturningprisonersbecause
Divorceistheactbywhichavalidmarriageisdissolvedusuallyfreeingthepartiestoremarry.Inregionsin1ancient2authoritystillpredominatesdivorcemaybe3andrareespeciallywhenasamongRomanCatholicsandHindusthereligious4viewsmarriage5indissoluble.Custom6maymakedivorceasimplematterin7societies.8somePuebloIndiantribesawomancoulddivorceherhusband9leavinghismoccasinsonthedoorstep.The10ofindividualdeterminationandmutual11aremakingdivorce12acceptableinthe13partsoftheworld. Amongpremodernsocietiestherateofmaritalstabilityisdifficultto1415thevaryingdefinitionsof16anddivorce.Itseemstobebroadlytrue17whereverdivorceisalegalimpossibilitytheweddingisawell-definedeventconductedwith18formality.The19principledoesnotholdtrue:elaboratemarriageceremonialisquitecompatiblewithhighdivorcerates.Manyanthropologistsagreethatdivorceisgenerallymorepermissibleinmatrilinealsocieties20inpatrilinealonesinwhichtheprocreativeandsexualrightsofthebrideareoftensymbolicallytransferredtothehusbandwiththepaymentofbride-price. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.6
WhenTedKennedygazesfromthewindowsofhisofficeinBostonhecanseetheharbor’s"GoldenStairs"wherealleightofhisgreat-grandparentsfirstsetfootinAmerica.ItremindshimhetoldhisSenatecolleaguesthisweekthatreformingAmerica’simmigrationlawsisan"awesomeresponsibility".Mr.KennedyistheDemocratmostprominentlypushingabipartisanbilltosecurethebordereasethenationalskillsshortageandofferapathtocitizenshipfortheestimated12millegalaliensalreadyinthecountry.Hehasasteepclimbaheadofhim. AsdraftedthebillseekstomendAmerica’sbrokenimmigrationsysteminseveralways.Firstandbeforeitsothermainprovisionscomeintoeffectitwouldtightenbordersecurity.Itprovidesfor200miles320kmofvehiclebarriers370milesoffencingand18000newborderpatrolagents.Itcallsforanelectronicidentificationsystemtoensureemployersverifythatalltheiremployeesarelegallyallowedtowork.Anditstiffenspunishmentsforthosewhoknowinglyhireillegals. Assoonasthebillwasunveileditwasstonedfromallsides.ChristansmostlyRepublicansdenounceditasan"amnesty"thatwouldencouragefurtherwavesofillegalimmigration.TomTancredoaRepublicancongressmanrunningforpresidentwithouthopeofsuccessonananti-illegal-immigrationplatformdemandedthatallbuttheborder-securityclausesbescrapped.Eventhesehederidedas"solimitedit’salmostajoke".Conservativetalk-radioechoedhiscall.NooneisseriouslyproposingmassdeportationbutMr.Tancredosaystheillegalswillallgohomeifthelawsagainsthiringthemarevigorouslyenforced. Mostlaborunionsareskepticaltoo.TheAFL-CIOdenouncedtheguest-workerprogramwhichitsaidwouldgiveemployers"areadypooloflaborthattheycanexploittodrivedownwagesbenefitshealthandsafetyprotections"foreveryoneelse.TwoDemocraticsenatorstriedtoguttheprogram.Onefailedtoabolishitentirely;anothersucceededinslashingitfrom400000to200000peopleayear. Employersliketheideaofmorelegalmigrantsbutworrythatthenewsystemwillbecumbersome.Manyobjecttotheideathattheywillhavetochecktheimmigrationstatusofalltheiremployees.Theproposedfederalcomputersystemtosortlegalfromillegalworkersisboundtomakemistakes.Evenifonlyoneemployeeinahundredisfalselylabelledillegalthatwillcausealotofheadaches.Andthepointssystemhasdrawbackstoo.Employersarebetterplacedthanbureaucratstojudgewhichskillsareinshortsupply.Thatiswhythecurrentmesshasadvantages—illegalimmigrantsnearlyalwaysgowheretheirlaborisindemand. Othergroupshavecomplaintstoo.Immigrant-rightsgroupssaythatthepathtocitizenshipwouldbetoolongandarduousandtoofewHispanicswouldqualify.NancyPelositheDemocraticspeakeroftheHousefrettedthatthenewstressonskillswouldhurtfamiliesaddingthatherpartyis"aboutfamiliesandfamilyvalues".SomepeopleworrythatHouseDemocratswillkillittopreventMr.Bushfromenjoyingadomesticsuccess. Despitetheindignationpublicopinionfavorstheunderlyingprinciples.Atleast60%ofAmericanswanttogiveillegalsachancetobecomecitizensiftheyworkhardandbehave. TedKennedyismentionedinthefirstparagraphto
Divorceistheactbywhichavalidmarriageisdissolvedusuallyfreeingthepartiestoremarry.Inregionsin1ancient2authoritystillpredominatesdivorcemaybe3andrareespeciallywhenasamongRomanCatholicsandHindusthereligious4viewsmarriage5indissoluble.Custom6maymakedivorceasimplematterin7societies.8somePuebloIndiantribesawomancoulddivorceherhusband9leavinghismoccasinsonthedoorstep.The10ofindividualdeterminationandmutual11aremakingdivorce12acceptableinthe13partsoftheworld. Amongpremodernsocietiestherateofmaritalstabilityisdifficultto1415thevaryingdefinitionsof16anddivorce.Itseemstobebroadlytrue17whereverdivorceisalegalimpossibilitytheweddingisawell-definedeventconductedwith18formality.The19principledoesnotholdtrue:elaboratemarriageceremonialisquitecompatiblewithhighdivorcerates.Manyanthropologistsagreethatdivorceisgenerallymorepermissibleinmatrilinealsocieties20inpatrilinealonesinwhichtheprocreativeandsexualrightsofthebrideareoftensymbolicallytransferredtothehusbandwiththepaymentofbride-price. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10
Divorceistheactbywhichavalidmarriageisdissolvedusuallyfreeingthepartiestoremarry.Inregionsin1ancient2authoritystillpredominatesdivorcemaybe3andrareespeciallywhenasamongRomanCatholicsandHindusthereligious4viewsmarriage5indissoluble.Custom6maymakedivorceasimplematterin7societies.8somePuebloIndiantribesawomancoulddivorceherhusband9leavinghismoccasinsonthedoorstep.The10ofindividualdeterminationandmutual11aremakingdivorce12acceptableinthe13partsoftheworld. Amongpremodernsocietiestherateofmaritalstabilityisdifficultto1415thevaryingdefinitionsof16anddivorce.Itseemstobebroadlytrue17whereverdivorceisalegalimpossibilitytheweddingisawell-definedeventconductedwith18formality.The19principledoesnotholdtrue:elaboratemarriageceremonialisquitecompatiblewithhighdivorcerates.Manyanthropologistsagreethatdivorceisgenerallymorepermissibleinmatrilinealsocieties20inpatrilinealonesinwhichtheprocreativeandsexualrightsofthebrideareoftensymbolicallytransferredtothehusbandwiththepaymentofbride-price. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.14
WhenTedKennedygazesfromthewindowsofhisofficeinBostonhecanseetheharbor’s"GoldenStairs"wherealleightofhisgreat-grandparentsfirstsetfootinAmerica.ItremindshimhetoldhisSenatecolleaguesthisweekthatreformingAmerica’simmigrationlawsisan"awesomeresponsibility".Mr.KennedyistheDemocratmostprominentlypushingabipartisanbilltosecurethebordereasethenationalskillsshortageandofferapathtocitizenshipfortheestimated12millegalaliensalreadyinthecountry.Hehasasteepclimbaheadofhim. AsdraftedthebillseekstomendAmerica’sbrokenimmigrationsysteminseveralways.Firstandbeforeitsothermainprovisionscomeintoeffectitwouldtightenbordersecurity.Itprovidesfor200miles320kmofvehiclebarriers370milesoffencingand18000newborderpatrolagents.Itcallsforanelectronicidentificationsystemtoensureemployersverifythatalltheiremployeesarelegallyallowedtowork.Anditstiffenspunishmentsforthosewhoknowinglyhireillegals. Assoonasthebillwasunveileditwasstonedfromallsides.ChristansmostlyRepublicansdenounceditasan"amnesty"thatwouldencouragefurtherwavesofillegalimmigration.TomTancredoaRepublicancongressmanrunningforpresidentwithouthopeofsuccessonananti-illegal-immigrationplatformdemandedthatallbuttheborder-securityclausesbescrapped.Eventhesehederidedas"solimitedit’salmostajoke".Conservativetalk-radioechoedhiscall.NooneisseriouslyproposingmassdeportationbutMr.Tancredosaystheillegalswillallgohomeifthelawsagainsthiringthemarevigorouslyenforced. Mostlaborunionsareskepticaltoo.TheAFL-CIOdenouncedtheguest-workerprogramwhichitsaidwouldgiveemployers"areadypooloflaborthattheycanexploittodrivedownwagesbenefitshealthandsafetyprotections"foreveryoneelse.TwoDemocraticsenatorstriedtoguttheprogram.Onefailedtoabolishitentirely;anothersucceededinslashingitfrom400000to200000peopleayear. Employersliketheideaofmorelegalmigrantsbutworrythatthenewsystemwillbecumbersome.Manyobjecttotheideathattheywillhavetochecktheimmigrationstatusofalltheiremployees.Theproposedfederalcomputersystemtosortlegalfromillegalworkersisboundtomakemistakes.Evenifonlyoneemployeeinahundredisfalselylabelledillegalthatwillcausealotofheadaches.Andthepointssystemhasdrawbackstoo.Employersarebetterplacedthanbureaucratstojudgewhichskillsareinshortsupply.Thatiswhythecurrentmesshasadvantages—illegalimmigrantsnearlyalwaysgowheretheirlaborisindemand. Othergroupshavecomplaintstoo.Immigrant-rightsgroupssaythatthepathtocitizenshipwouldbetoolongandarduousandtoofewHispanicswouldqualify.NancyPelositheDemocraticspeakeroftheHousefrettedthatthenewstressonskillswouldhurtfamiliesaddingthatherpartyis"aboutfamiliesandfamilyvalues".SomepeopleworrythatHouseDemocratswillkillittopreventMr.Bushfromenjoyingadomesticsuccess. Despitetheindignationpublicopinionfavorstheunderlyingprinciples.Atleast60%ofAmericanswanttogiveillegalsachancetobecomecitizensiftheyworkhardandbehave. Theauthor’sattitudetowardsthisimmigrationreformseemstobe
WhenTedKennedygazesfromthewindowsofhisofficeinBostonhecanseetheharbor’s"GoldenStairs"wherealleightofhisgreat-grandparentsfirstsetfootinAmerica.ItremindshimhetoldhisSenatecolleaguesthisweekthatreformingAmerica’simmigrationlawsisan"awesomeresponsibility".Mr.KennedyistheDemocratmostprominentlypushingabipartisanbilltosecurethebordereasethenationalskillsshortageandofferapathtocitizenshipfortheestimated12millegalaliensalreadyinthecountry.Hehasasteepclimbaheadofhim. AsdraftedthebillseekstomendAmerica’sbrokenimmigrationsysteminseveralways.Firstandbeforeitsothermainprovisionscomeintoeffectitwouldtightenbordersecurity.Itprovidesfor200miles320kmofvehiclebarriers370milesoffencingand18000newborderpatrolagents.Itcallsforanelectronicidentificationsystemtoensureemployersverifythatalltheiremployeesarelegallyallowedtowork.Anditstiffenspunishmentsforthosewhoknowinglyhireillegals. Assoonasthebillwasunveileditwasstonedfromallsides.ChristansmostlyRepublicansdenounceditasan"amnesty"thatwouldencouragefurtherwavesofillegalimmigration.TomTancredoaRepublicancongressmanrunningforpresidentwithouthopeofsuccessonananti-illegal-immigrationplatformdemandedthatallbuttheborder-securityclausesbescrapped.Eventhesehederidedas"solimitedit’salmostajoke".Conservativetalk-radioechoedhiscall.NooneisseriouslyproposingmassdeportationbutMr.Tancredosaystheillegalswillallgohomeifthelawsagainsthiringthemarevigorouslyenforced. Mostlaborunionsareskepticaltoo.TheAFL-CIOdenouncedtheguest-workerprogramwhichitsaidwouldgiveemployers"areadypooloflaborthattheycanexploittodrivedownwagesbenefitshealthandsafetyprotections"foreveryoneelse.TwoDemocraticsenatorstriedtoguttheprogram.Onefailedtoabolishitentirely;anothersucceededinslashingitfrom400000to200000peopleayear. Employersliketheideaofmorelegalmigrantsbutworrythatthenewsystemwillbecumbersome.Manyobjecttotheideathattheywillhavetochecktheimmigrationstatusofalltheiremployees.Theproposedfederalcomputersystemtosortlegalfromillegalworkersisboundtomakemistakes.Evenifonlyoneemployeeinahundredisfalselylabelledillegalthatwillcausealotofheadaches.Andthepointssystemhasdrawbackstoo.Employersarebetterplacedthanbureaucratstojudgewhichskillsareinshortsupply.Thatiswhythecurrentmesshasadvantages—illegalimmigrantsnearlyalwaysgowheretheirlaborisindemand. Othergroupshavecomplaintstoo.Immigrant-rightsgroupssaythatthepathtocitizenshipwouldbetoolongandarduousandtoofewHispanicswouldqualify.NancyPelositheDemocraticspeakeroftheHousefrettedthatthenewstressonskillswouldhurtfamiliesaddingthatherpartyis"aboutfamiliesandfamilyvalues".SomepeopleworrythatHouseDemocratswillkillittopreventMr.Bushfromenjoyingadomesticsuccess. Despitetheindignationpublicopinionfavorstheunderlyingprinciples.Atleast60%ofAmericanswanttogiveillegalsachancetobecomecitizensiftheyworkhardandbehave. Thewordstonedline1paragraph3mostprobablymeans
EarlierthissummerArnoldSchwarzeneggerCalifornia’sgovernorsaidthatthestate’spenalsystemwas"fallingapartinfrontofourveryeyes".Indeedso.Some172000inmatesarecrowdedintoinstitutions—fromthestate’s33prisonstoits12"communitycorrectionalfacilities"—thataremeanttohousefewerthan90000.Drugabuseisrampant;sotooarediseasessuchasHIVandhepatitisC.Race-basedgangsposetheconstantthreatofviolenceriotandevenmurder.Andwithmorethan16000prisonerssleepinginprisongymnasiumsandclassroomsrehabilitationprogramsarevirtuallynon-existent—whichhelpstoexplainwhytwo-thirdsofCalifornia’sconvictsthehighestrateinthecountryarebackinprisonwithinthreeyearsofbeingreleased. Willthegovernor’ssummonsofaspecialsessionofthestatelegislaturebeginningthisweekbringaremedyThereasonforthesessionistodiscussMr.Schwarzenegger’srequestforalmost$5.8billionofpublicmoneytobepumpedintotheprisonsystem.Bondsfor$2billionwouldfinanceten500-bed"re-entryfacilities"forprisonersnearingtheendoftheirsentences;another$2billionwouldexpandexistingprisons;$1.2billionwouldbeearmarkedfortwonewprisons;and$500mwouldgofornewprisonhospitals. Moneyalonewillprovideneitheranimmediatesolutionnoralastingone.ThefirstproblemisthatCaliforniasimplyputstoomanyoffendersinprison.Theimprisonmentratewhichhasrisenalmosteight-foldsince1970andiswayaheadofanyEuropeancountryhasconsistentlymeantovercrowdingdespitetheconstructionof22newprisonsinthepast20years. The1994"three-strikes"lawapprovedbyvotersinareferendummeanshandingout25-years-to-lifesentencesforoftentrivialthirdoffences—andresultsinthegrowingpresenceinprisonofelderlyinmateswhocostthetaxpayerfarmorethantheaverageof$34000aprisoner.Meanwhilethepracticeofreturningparoleviolatorstoprisonevenforrelativelytrivialmis-stepssuchasmissingadrugstestalsostrainsthesystem;some11%ofinmatesareparoleviolators.Addedtoallthesearemorethan5000illegalimmigrantsbeingheldonbehalfofthefederalgovernment. ThesecondproblemisthatanyattempttoreformCalifornia’spenalpolicybecomeshostagetopolitics.Twoyearsagothegovernorwasexpressingoptimism.Headdedtheword"rehabilitation"toCalifornia’sdepartmentofcorrectionsappointedRodHickmanareform-mindedformerprisonguardtooverseethesystemandpromisedtolessenthepowerofthe31000-strongprisonguards’unionnotleastbybreakingthe"codeofsilence"thatprotectscorruptorviolentguards.Butthatwasthen.TherealitynowisthatMr.HickmanresignedinMarch.Evidenceindicatesthatthegovernor’sofficemayhavegiventhecodeofsilenceinCalifornia’sprisonsanewleaseonlife. Manyexpertssaythatwithnomoderationinsentencingpoliciesonthehorizontheprisonpopulationisexpectedtogrowbyanother21000overthenextfiveyears—enoughtoout-paceanyprison-buildingprogram.Thusthedreamofprisonreformswillnevertouchtheground Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutthethree-strikeslaw
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