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{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第三篇{{/B}} TechnologyTransferin Germany??Whenitcomestotranslatingbasic researchintoindustrialsuccessfewnationscanmatchGermany.?Sincethe 1940sthenation’svastindustrialbasehasbeenfedwithaconstantstreamof newideasandexpertisefromscience.AndthoughGermanprosperity繁荣has faltered衰退overthepastdecadebecauseofthehugecostofunifyingeastand westaswellastheglobaleconomicdeclineitstillhasanenviable令人羡慕的 recordforturningideasintoprofit.??Muchofthereasonfor thatsuccessistheFraunhoferSocietyanetworkofresearchinstitutesthat existssolelytosolveindustrialproblemsandcreatesought-aftertechnologies. ?ButtodaytheFraunhoferinstituteshavecompetition.?Universities aretakinganeverlargerroleintechnologytransferandtechnologyparksare springingupallover.Theseeffortsarebeingcomplementedbythefederal programsforpumpingmoneyintostart-upcompanies.??Sucha strategymaysoundlikearecipeforeconomicsuccessbutitisnotwithoutits critics.Thesepeopleworrythatfavoringappliedresearchwillmeanneglecting basicscienceeventuallystarvingindustryoffreshideas.Everyscientist startsthinkinglikeanentrepreneur企业家theargumentgoesthenthe traditionalprinciplesofuniversityresearchbeingcuriosity-drivenfreeand widelyavailablewillsuffer.Othersclaimthatmanyoftheprogramstopromote technologytransferareawasteofmoneybecausehalfthesmallbusinessesthat arepromotedareboundtogobankruptwithinafewyears.??While thisdebatecontinuesnewideasflowatasteadyratefromGermany’sresearch networkswhichbearfamousnamessuchasHelmholtzMaxPlanckandLeibniz.Yet itisthefourthnetworktheFraunhoferSocietythatplaysthegreatestrolein technologytransfer.??Foundedin1949theFraunhoferSocietyis nowEurope’slargestorganizationforappliedtechnologyandhas59institutes employing12000people.Itcontinuestogrow.Lastyearitswallowedupthe HeinrichHertzInstituteforCommunicationTechnologyinBerlin.Todaythere areevenFraunhofersintheUSandAsia.Thewordexpertiseinline3couldbebestreplacedby______.
{{*HTML*}}下面的短文后列出了7个句子请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断如果该句提供的是正确信息请选择A如果该句提供的是错误信息请选择B如果该句的信息文中没有提及请选择C HelpYourChildBecomea Reader??Encouragingearlyreadingskillscanbuild apathtoalifelong终身的loveofreadingandcanhelpyourchildgetahead startinschool.Whilereadingtoyourchildisstillthemostimportantthing youcandotobuildreadingskillstherearemanytechniquesthatcan help.??Makereadingfun.Playgameswithyourchildasyouread. Manytraditionalchildren’sgamescanbeadaptedtoencouragereading skill.??WhilereadingorduringplaytellyourchildIspy withmylittleeyesomethingthatbeginswiththeletterb.Helpthechild findsomethingonthepageorintheroomthatbeginswiththatletter.For exampleIseeabarn.Thiscanalsobeusedtoteachbeginninglettersounds. Ispywithmylittleeyesomethingthatbeginswiththesounds.Helpthe childfindawordthatbeginswiththessound.Inthisvariationonthe populargameinstructthechildthatSimonsayspointtosomethingthat startswiththeletter’n.’Thechildcanthenfindanobjectintheroomor abodypartsuchasthenosethatstartswiththeletterpresented.Thiscan alsobeusedtoteachbeginningsounds.??Makeagameoutof rhyming押韵wordsbymakingupsillywordstorhymewiththechild’snameor favoritetoys.Thissetsthestageforrhymingrealwordsbyshowingthechild thesimilaritiesofsounds.Asthechildmastersmakingupthewordsbegin rhymingrealwordstooneanother.Tipstoraiseasuccessfulreader.? ?Putbooksinplaceswherethechildplays.Ifbooksareeasilyaccessible childrenaremorelikelytopickthemup.??Letchildrenreadto youbylookingatpictures.Makingupstoriestogoalongwithillustrations helpschildrendiscoverhowwordsrelatetopictures.??Takebooks alongontripsorevenshortvisitstothedoctor’sofficeorgrocery store.??Havechildrenhelpyoushop.Readinggrocerylistsand lookingforspecificitemshelpsbuildsight vocabulary.Whenplayingagameyoushouldaskyourchildtofindsomethingstartingwiththeletterbinsteadofc.
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23-26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2-5段每段选择1个最佳标题2 第27-30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确的选项分别完成每个句子?? GlobalWarming??1 ?Smokeiscloudingourviewofglobalwarmingprotectingtheplanetfrom perhapsthreequartersofthegreenhouse温室effect.Thatmightsoundlikegood newsbutexpertssaythatasthecoverdiminishesincomingdecadesweare facingadramaticincreaseofwarmingthatcouldbetwooreventhreetimesas greatasofficialbestguesses.??2?Thiswasthedramatic conclusionreachedlastweekataworkshopinDahlemBerlinwheretop atmosphericscientistsgottogetherincludingNobelprizewinnerPaulCrutzen andSwedishscientistBertBolinformerchairmanoftheUN’SIntergovernmental PanelonClimateChangeIPCC.??3?IPCCscientistshave suspectedforadecadethataerosols浮质ofsmokeandotherparticlesfrom burningrainforestcropwasteandfossilfuelsareblockingsunlightand counteractingthewarmingeffectofcarbondioxide二氧化物emissions.Untilnow theyreckonedthataerosolsreducedgreenhousewarmingbyperhapsaquarter cuttingincreasesby0.2℃.Sothe0.6℃ofwarmingoverthepastcenturywould havebeen0.8℃withoutaerosols.??4?ButtheBerlinworkshop concludedthattherealfigureisevenhigher—aerosolsmayhavereducedglobal warmingbyasmuchasthree-quarterscuttingincreasesby1.8℃.Ifsothegood newsisthataerosolshavepreventedtheworldgettingalmosttwodegreeswarmer thanitisnow.Butthebadnewsisthattheclimatesystemismuchmore sensitivetogreenhousegasesthanpreviouslyguessed.??5 ?Asthosegasesareexpectedtocontinueaccumulatingintheatmosphere whileaerosolsstabilizeorfallthatmeansdramaticconsequencesfor estimatesoffutureclimatechangethescientistsagreedinadraftreport fromtheworkshop. ??A.AtmosphericScientists??B.TheCalculations MadeattheBerlinWorkshop??C.ThePreviousCalculationsofthe EffectofAerosols??D.TheScientists’Agreement? ?E.TheAuthoritativeConclusion??F.GreenhouseGasesParagraph4______.
{{*HTML*}}??A.willinfluencefutureclimatechange??B.was somewhatsurprising??C.willriserapidly??D.was knowntoUSall??E.wasmuchhigherthanhadbeen expected??F.willdropdramaticallyWhenthecoverdiminishesinthecomingdecadestemperature______.
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面的短文文章有5处空白文章后面有6组文字请根据文章的内容选择5组文字将其分别放回文章原有位置以恢复文章原貌 YouNeedCourage? ?ShortlyafterIbeganacareerinbusinessIlearnedthatCarlWeatherup presidentofPepsiCo百事可乐公司wasspeakingattheUniversityofColorado.I trackeddownthepersonhandlinghisscheduleandmanagedtogetmyselfan appointment.{{U}}?46?{{/U}}??SothereIwassitting outsidetheuniversity’sauditoriumwaitingforthepresidentofPepsiCo.I couldhearhimtalkingtothestudentsandtalkingandtalking.{{U}}?47 ?{{/U}}.Hewasnowfiveminutesoverwhichdroppedmytimewithhimdownto 10minutesdecisiontime.??Iwroteanoteonthebackofmy businesscardremindinghimthathehadameeting.Youhaveameetingwith JeffHoyeat2:30pm.Itookadeepbreathpushedopenthedoorsofthe auditoriumandwalkedstraightupthemiddleaisle过道towardhimashetalked. Mr.Weatherupstopped.{{U}}?48?{{/U}}.JustbeforeIreachedthedoor Iheardhimtellthegroupthathewasrunninglate.Hethankedthemfortheir attentionwishedthemluckandwalkedouttowhereIwasnowsittingholding mybreath.??Helookedatthecardandthenatme.Letmeguess. hesaid.You’reJeff.Hesmiled.{{U}}?49?{{/U}}.Hespentthenext 30minutesofferingmehistimesomewonderfulstoriesthatIstilluseandan invitationtovisithimandhisgroupinNewYork.ButwhathegavemethatI valuethemostwastheencouragementtocontinuetodoasIhaddone. {{U}}?50?{{/U}}.Whenthingsneedtohappenyoueitherhavethenerve toactoryoudon’t.??A.Ibeganbreathingagainandwegrabbed 霸占anofficerightthereatschoolandclosedthedoor.??B.As IsatlisteningtohimIknewthatIcouldtrusthimandthathedeserved everybitofloyaltyIcouldgivetohim.??C.Ibecamealarmed: histalkwasn’tendingwhenitshouldhave.??D.Hesaidthatit tooknerveformetointerrupthimandthatnervewasthekeytosuccessinthe businessworld.??E.Iwastoldhoweverthathewasonatight scheduleandonlyhad15minutesavailableafterhistalktothebusiness class.??F.IhandedhimthecardthenIturnedandwalkedoutthe wayIcame.
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面的短文文章有5处空白文章后面有6组文字请根据文章的内容选择5组文字将其分别放回文章原有位置以恢复文章原貌 YouNeedCourage? ?ShortlyafterIbeganacareerinbusinessIlearnedthatCarlWeatherup presidentofPepsiCo百事可乐公司wasspeakingattheUniversityofColorado.I trackeddownthepersonhandlinghisscheduleandmanagedtogetmyselfan appointment.{{U}}?46?{{/U}}??SothereIwassitting outsidetheuniversity’sauditoriumwaitingforthepresidentofPepsiCo.I couldhearhimtalkingtothestudentsandtalkingandtalking.{{U}}?47 ?{{/U}}.Hewasnowfiveminutesoverwhichdroppedmytimewithhimdownto 10minutesdecisiontime.??Iwroteanoteonthebackofmy businesscardremindinghimthathehadameeting.Youhaveameetingwith JeffHoyeat2:30pm.Itookadeepbreathpushedopenthedoorsofthe auditoriumandwalkedstraightupthemiddleaisle过道towardhimashetalked. Mr.Weatherupstopped.{{U}}?48?{{/U}}.JustbeforeIreachedthedoor Iheardhimtellthegroupthathewasrunninglate.Hethankedthemfortheir attentionwishedthemluckandwalkedouttowhereIwasnowsittingholding mybreath.??Helookedatthecardandthenatme.Letmeguess. hesaid.You’reJeff.Hesmiled.{{U}}?49?{{/U}}.Hespentthenext 30minutesofferingmehistimesomewonderfulstoriesthatIstilluseandan invitationtovisithimandhisgroupinNewYork.ButwhathegavemethatI valuethemostwastheencouragementtocontinuetodoasIhaddone. {{U}}?50?{{/U}}.Whenthingsneedtohappenyoueitherhavethenerve toactoryoudon’t.??A.Ibeganbreathingagainandwegrabbed 霸占anofficerightthereatschoolandclosedthedoor.??B.As IsatlisteningtohimIknewthatIcouldtrusthimandthathedeserved everybitofloyaltyIcouldgivetohim.??C.Ibecamealarmed: histalkwasn’tendingwhenitshouldhave.??D.Hesaidthatit tooknerveformetointerrupthimandthatnervewasthekeytosuccessinthe businessworld.??E.Iwastoldhoweverthathewasonatight scheduleandonlyhad15minutesavailableafterhistalktothebusiness class.??F.IhandedhimthecardthenIturnedandwalkedoutthe wayIcame.
{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第二篇{{/B}} AncientEgyptBroughtDownby Famine??EvenancientEgypt’smightypyramid金字塔 builderswerepowerlessinthefaceofthefamine饥荒thathelpedbringdown theircivilizationaround2180B.C.Nowevidencecollectedfrommuddepositedby theRiverNilesuggeststhatashiftinclimatethousandsofkilometerstothe southwasultimatelytoblame—andthesameorworsecouldhappen today.??TheancientEgyptiansdependedontheNile’sannual floodstoirrigatetheircrops.Butanychangeinclimatethatpushedthe Africanmonsoons季风southwardsoutofEthiopiawouldhavereducedthese floods.??DecliningrainsintheEthiopianhighlandswouldhave meantfewerplantstostabilizethesoil.Whenraindidfallitwouldhave washedlargeamountsofsoilintotheBlueNileandintoEgyptalongwith sediment沉积fromtheWhiteNile.??BlueNilemudhasadifferent isotope同位素signaturefromthatofthewhiteNilesobyanalyzingisotope differencesinmuddepositedintheNileDeltaMichaelKromofLeedsUniversity workedoutwhatproportionofsedimentcamefromeachbranchofthe river.??Kromreasonsthatduringperiodsofdroughttheamount ofBlueNilemudintheriverwouldherelativelyhigh.Hefoundthatoneof theseperiodsfrom4500to4200yearsagoimmediatelycamebeforethefallof theEgypt’soldKingdom.??Theweakenedwaterswouldhavebeen disasterfortheEgyptians.?Changesthataffectfoodsupplydon’thaveto beverylargetohavearipple波浪effectinsocietiessaysBillRyanofthe LamontDohertyEarthObservatoryinNewYork.??Similarevents todaycouldbeevenmoredevastatingsaysteammemberDanielStanleyA scientistfromtheSmithsonianInstitutioninWashingtonD.C.Anythinghumans dotoshifttheclimatebeltswouldhaveanevenworseeffectalongtheNile systemtodaybecausethepopulationshaveincreaseddramatically. AccordingtoKromtheEgypt’soldKingdomfell______.
ThepowersoftheEuropeanCommissionto{{U}}regulate{{/U}}competitionintheCommunityareincreasing.
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面的短文文中有15处空白每处空白给出4个选项请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案 ??Americanpubliceducationhaschanged numbersofAmericanparentsandteachersareinrecentyears.Onechangeisthat increasingstartingindependentpublicschools{{U}}?51?{{/U}}charter schools特许学校.??In1991therewerenocharterschoolsinthe UnitedStates.Todaymorethan2300charterschools{{U}}?52?{{/U}} in34statesandtheDistrictofColumbia.575000students{{U}}?53 ?{{/U}}theseschools.Thestudentsarefrom5yearsofagethrough18or older.?Acharterschoolis{{U}}?54?{{/U}}bygroupsofparents teachersandcommunity社区members.Itissimilarinsomeways{{U}}?55 ?{{/U}}atraditionalpublicschool.Itreceivestaxmoneytooperatejustas otherpublicschoolsdo.The{{U}}?56?{{/U}}itreceivesdependsonthe numberofstudents.Thecharterschoolmustprovetolocalorstategovernments thatitsstudentsarelearning.Thesegovernments{{U}}?57?{{/U}}the schoolwiththeagreementorcharterthatpermitsittooperate.Unlikea traditionalpublicschool{{U}}?58?{{/U}}thecharterschooldoesnot havetoobeymostlawsgoverningpublicschools.Localstateorfederal governmentscannottellitwhat{{U}}?59?{{/U}}.Eachschoolcanchoose itsowngoalsanddecidethewaysitwantsto{{U}}?60?{{/U}}those goals.Classsizesusuallyaresmallerthaninmanytraditionalpublicschools. Manystudentsandparentssay{{U}}?61?{{/U}}incharterschoolscanbe morecreative.??Howeverstateeducationagencieslocal education-governingcommitteesandunionsoften{{U}}?62?{{/U}}charter schools.Theysaytheseschoolsmayreceivemoneybadly{{U}}?63?{{/U}} bytraditionalpublicschools.Expertssaysomecharterschoolsaredoingwell whileothersarestruggling.Congressprovided200milliondollarsfor {{U}}?64?{{/U}}charterschoolsinthe2002federalbudget预算.But oftentheschoolssaytheylackenoughmoneyfortheir{{U}}?65?{{/U}}. Manyalsolackneededspace.
{{*HTML*}}??A.willinfluencefutureclimatechange??B.was somewhatsurprising??C.willriserapidly??D.was knowntoUSall??E.wasmuchhigherthanhadbeen expected??F.willdropdramaticallyTheBerlinworkshopconcludedthattherealfigure______.
{{*HTML*}}下面的短文后列出了7个句子请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断如果该句提供的是正确信息请选择A如果该句提供的是错误信息请选择B如果该句的信息文中没有提及请选择C HelpYourChildBecomea Reader??Encouragingearlyreadingskillscanbuild apathtoalifelong终身的loveofreadingandcanhelpyourchildgetahead startinschool.Whilereadingtoyourchildisstillthemostimportantthing youcandotobuildreadingskillstherearemanytechniquesthatcan help.??Makereadingfun.Playgameswithyourchildasyouread. Manytraditionalchildren’sgamescanbeadaptedtoencouragereading skill.??WhilereadingorduringplaytellyourchildIspy withmylittleeyesomethingthatbeginswiththeletterb.Helpthechild findsomethingonthepageorintheroomthatbeginswiththatletter.For exampleIseeabarn.Thiscanalsobeusedtoteachbeginninglettersounds. Ispywithmylittleeyesomethingthatbeginswiththesounds.Helpthe childfindawordthatbeginswiththessound.Inthisvariationonthe populargameinstructthechildthatSimonsayspointtosomethingthat startswiththeletter’n.’Thechildcanthenfindanobjectintheroomor abodypartsuchasthenosethatstartswiththeletterpresented.Thiscan alsobeusedtoteachbeginningsounds.??Makeagameoutof rhyming押韵wordsbymakingupsillywordstorhymewiththechild’snameor favoritetoys.Thissetsthestageforrhymingrealwordsbyshowingthechild thesimilaritiesofsounds.Asthechildmastersmakingupthewordsbegin rhymingrealwordstooneanother.Tipstoraiseasuccessfulreader.? ?Putbooksinplaceswherethechildplays.Ifbooksareeasilyaccessible childrenaremorelikelytopickthemup.??Letchildrenreadto youbylookingatpictures.Makingupstoriestogoalongwithillustrations helpschildrendiscoverhowwordsrelatetopictures.??Takebooks alongontripsorevenshortvisitstothedoctor’sofficeorgrocery store.??Havechildrenhelpyoushop.Readinggrocerylistsand lookingforspecificitemshelpsbuildsight vocabulary.Youcanaskyourchildtotellstoriesbasedonpictures.
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面的短文文中有15处空白每处空白给出4个选项请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案 ??Americanpubliceducationhaschanged numbersofAmericanparentsandteachersareinrecentyears.Onechangeisthat increasingstartingindependentpublicschools{{U}}?51?{{/U}}charter schools特许学校.??In1991therewerenocharterschoolsinthe UnitedStates.Todaymorethan2300charterschools{{U}}?52?{{/U}} in34statesandtheDistrictofColumbia.575000students{{U}}?53 ?{{/U}}theseschools.Thestudentsarefrom5yearsofagethrough18or older.?Acharterschoolis{{U}}?54?{{/U}}bygroupsofparents teachersandcommunity社区members.Itissimilarinsomeways{{U}}?55 ?{{/U}}atraditionalpublicschool.Itreceivestaxmoneytooperatejustas otherpublicschoolsdo.The{{U}}?56?{{/U}}itreceivesdependsonthe numberofstudents.Thecharterschoolmustprovetolocalorstategovernments thatitsstudentsarelearning.Thesegovernments{{U}}?57?{{/U}}the schoolwiththeagreementorcharterthatpermitsittooperate.Unlikea traditionalpublicschool{{U}}?58?{{/U}}thecharterschooldoesnot havetoobeymostlawsgoverningpublicschools.Localstateorfederal governmentscannottellitwhat{{U}}?59?{{/U}}.Eachschoolcanchoose itsowngoalsanddecidethewaysitwantsto{{U}}?60?{{/U}}those goals.Classsizesusuallyaresmallerthaninmanytraditionalpublicschools. Manystudentsandparentssay{{U}}?61?{{/U}}incharterschoolscanbe morecreative.??Howeverstateeducationagencieslocal education-governingcommitteesandunionsoften{{U}}?62?{{/U}}charter schools.Theysaytheseschoolsmayreceivemoneybadly{{U}}?63?{{/U}} bytraditionalpublicschools.Expertssaysomecharterschoolsaredoingwell whileothersarestruggling.Congressprovided200milliondollarsfor {{U}}?64?{{/U}}charterschoolsinthe2002federalbudget预算.But oftentheschoolssaytheylackenoughmoneyfortheir{{U}}?65?{{/U}}. Manyalsolackneededspace.
{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第二篇{{/B}} AncientEgyptBroughtDownby Famine??EvenancientEgypt’smightypyramid金字塔 builderswerepowerlessinthefaceofthefamine饥荒thathelpedbringdown theircivilizationaround2180B.C.Nowevidencecollectedfrommuddepositedby theRiverNilesuggeststhatashiftinclimatethousandsofkilometerstothe southwasultimatelytoblame—andthesameorworsecouldhappen today.??TheancientEgyptiansdependedontheNile’sannual floodstoirrigatetheircrops.Butanychangeinclimatethatpushedthe Africanmonsoons季风southwardsoutofEthiopiawouldhavereducedthese floods.??DecliningrainsintheEthiopianhighlandswouldhave meantfewerplantstostabilizethesoil.Whenraindidfallitwouldhave washedlargeamountsofsoilintotheBlueNileandintoEgyptalongwith sediment沉积fromtheWhiteNile.??BlueNilemudhasadifferent isotope同位素signaturefromthatofthewhiteNilesobyanalyzingisotope differencesinmuddepositedintheNileDeltaMichaelKromofLeedsUniversity workedoutwhatproportionofsedimentcamefromeachbranchofthe river.??Kromreasonsthatduringperiodsofdroughttheamount ofBlueNilemudintheriverwouldherelativelyhigh.Hefoundthatoneof theseperiodsfrom4500to4200yearsagoimmediatelycamebeforethefallof theEgypt’soldKingdom.??Theweakenedwaterswouldhavebeen disasterfortheEgyptians.?Changesthataffectfoodsupplydon’thaveto beverylargetohavearipple波浪effectinsocietiessaysBillRyanofthe LamontDohertyEarthObservatoryinNewYork.??Similarevents todaycouldbeevenmoredevastatingsaysteammemberDanielStanleyA scientistfromtheSmithsonianInstitutioninWashingtonD.C.Anythinghumans dotoshifttheclimatebeltswouldhaveanevenworseeffectalongtheNile systemtodaybecausethepopulationshaveincreaseddramatically. WhichofthefollowingfactorswasultimatelyresponsibleforbringingdownthecivilizationofancientEgypt?
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{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第三篇{{/B}} TechnologyTransferin Germany??Whenitcomestotranslatingbasic researchintoindustrialsuccessfewnationscanmatchGermany.?Sincethe 1940sthenation’svastindustrialbasehasbeenfedwithaconstantstreamof newideasandexpertisefromscience.AndthoughGermanprosperity繁荣has faltered衰退overthepastdecadebecauseofthehugecostofunifyingeastand westaswellastheglobaleconomicdeclineitstillhasanenviable令人羡慕的 recordforturningideasintoprofit.??Muchofthereasonfor thatsuccessistheFraunhoferSocietyanetworkofresearchinstitutesthat existssolelytosolveindustrialproblemsandcreatesought-aftertechnologies. ?ButtodaytheFraunhoferinstituteshavecompetition.?Universities aretakinganeverlargerroleintechnologytransferandtechnologyparksare springingupallover.Theseeffortsarebeingcomplementedbythefederal programsforpumpingmoneyintostart-upcompanies.??Sucha strategymaysoundlikearecipeforeconomicsuccessbutitisnotwithoutits critics.Thesepeopleworrythatfavoringappliedresearchwillmeanneglecting basicscienceeventuallystarvingindustryoffreshideas.Everyscientist startsthinkinglikeanentrepreneur企业家theargumentgoesthenthe traditionalprinciplesofuniversityresearchbeingcuriosity-drivenfreeand widelyavailablewillsuffer.Othersclaimthatmanyoftheprogramstopromote technologytransferareawasteofmoneybecausehalfthesmallbusinessesthat arepromotedareboundtogobankruptwithinafewyears.??While thisdebatecontinuesnewideasflowatasteadyratefromGermany’sresearch networkswhichbearfamousnamessuchasHelmholtzMaxPlanckandLeibniz.Yet itisthefourthnetworktheFraunhoferSocietythatplaysthegreatestrolein technologytransfer.??Foundedin1949theFraunhoferSocietyis nowEurope’slargestorganizationforappliedtechnologyandhas59institutes employing12000people.Itcontinuestogrow.Lastyearitswallowedupthe HeinrichHertzInstituteforCommunicationTechnologyinBerlin.Todaythere areevenFraunhofersintheUSandAsia.WhatfactorcanbeattributedtoGermanprosperity?
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23-26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2-5段每段选择1个最佳标题2 第27-30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确的选项分别完成每个句子?? GlobalWarming??1 ?Smokeiscloudingourviewofglobalwarmingprotectingtheplanetfrom perhapsthreequartersofthegreenhouse温室effect.Thatmightsoundlikegood newsbutexpertssaythatasthecoverdiminishesincomingdecadesweare facingadramaticincreaseofwarmingthatcouldbetwooreventhreetimesas greatasofficialbestguesses.??2?Thiswasthedramatic conclusionreachedlastweekataworkshopinDahlemBerlinwheretop atmosphericscientistsgottogetherincludingNobelprizewinnerPaulCrutzen andSwedishscientistBertBolinformerchairmanoftheUN’SIntergovernmental PanelonClimateChangeIPCC.??3?IPCCscientistshave suspectedforadecadethataerosols浮质ofsmokeandotherparticlesfrom burningrainforestcropwasteandfossilfuelsareblockingsunlightand counteractingthewarmingeffectofcarbondioxide二氧化物emissions.Untilnow theyreckonedthataerosolsreducedgreenhousewarmingbyperhapsaquarter cuttingincreasesby0.2℃.Sothe0.6℃ofwarmingoverthepastcenturywould havebeen0.8℃withoutaerosols.??4?ButtheBerlinworkshop concludedthattherealfigureisevenhigher—aerosolsmayhavereducedglobal warmingbyasmuchasthree-quarterscuttingincreasesby1.8℃.Ifsothegood newsisthataerosolshavepreventedtheworldgettingalmosttwodegreeswarmer thanitisnow.Butthebadnewsisthattheclimatesystemismuchmore sensitivetogreenhousegasesthanpreviouslyguessed.??5 ?Asthosegasesareexpectedtocontinueaccumulatingintheatmosphere whileaerosolsstabilizeorfallthatmeansdramaticconsequencesfor estimatesoffutureclimatechangethescientistsagreedinadraftreport fromtheworkshop. ??A.AtmosphericScientists??B.TheCalculations MadeattheBerlinWorkshop??C.ThePreviousCalculationsofthe EffectofAerosols??D.TheScientists’Agreement? ?E.TheAuthoritativeConclusion??F.GreenhouseGasesParagraph2______.
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{{*HTML*}}下面有3篇短文每篇短文后有5道题每道题后面有4个选项请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案{{B}}第一篇{{/B}} SleeplessatNight??It wasanormalsummernight.Humidity湿气hunginthethickair.? ?Icouldn’tgotosleeppartlybecauseofmycoldandpartlybecauseofmy expectationsforthenextday.Mymumhadsaidthattomorrowwasgoingtobea surprise.??Sweatstucktomyachingbody.Finallygathered enoughstrengthtositup.Ilookedoutofmysmallwindowintothenight.There wasabigbrightmoonhangingintheskygivingoffamagiclight.? ?Icouldn’tstandthepressureanymoresoIdidwhatIalwaysdotomake myselffeelbetter.Iwenttothebathroomandpickedupmytoothbrushand toothpaste.Icleanedmyteethasiftherewasnotomorrow.Backandforthup anddown.??ThenIwalkeddownstairstolookforsomesignsof movementsomelife.Gladiatormycatfrightenedmeashemeowed喵喵地唱出his sadsong.Hewasontheoldorangecouch长沙发sittinguponhisfrontlegs waitingforsomethingtohappen.HelookedatmeasiftosayI’mlonelypet me.Ineedagoodhug紧抱.Eventhecouchbeggedmetositonit.? ?InonemovementIsettleddownontothesoftcouch.Thiscouchrepresented myparents’marriagemybirthandhundredsofotherlittleevents.? ?AsIheldGladiatormyheartstartedbeatingheavily.Mymindwasflooded withquestions:What’slife?AmIreallyalive?Areyoulisteningtome?Every timeImovedmyhanddownGladiator’sbodyIhadanewthought;eachtouchsang adifferentsong.??Iforgotallabouttheheatandthenextday’s surprise.TheatmospherewassofullofwarmthandsilencethatIsankintoits alms.FallingasleepwiththebigcatinmyarmsIfeltallmyworriesslowly moveaway.Theauthorbrushedhisteethoverandover______.
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面的短文文中有15处空白每处空白给出4个选项请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案 ??Americanpubliceducationhaschanged numbersofAmericanparentsandteachersareinrecentyears.Onechangeisthat increasingstartingindependentpublicschools{{U}}?51?{{/U}}charter schools特许学校.??In1991therewerenocharterschoolsinthe UnitedStates.Todaymorethan2300charterschools{{U}}?52?{{/U}} in34statesandtheDistrictofColumbia.575000students{{U}}?53 ?{{/U}}theseschools.Thestudentsarefrom5yearsofagethrough18or older.?Acharterschoolis{{U}}?54?{{/U}}bygroupsofparents teachersandcommunity社区members.Itissimilarinsomeways{{U}}?55 ?{{/U}}atraditionalpublicschool.Itreceivestaxmoneytooperatejustas otherpublicschoolsdo.The{{U}}?56?{{/U}}itreceivesdependsonthe numberofstudents.Thecharterschoolmustprovetolocalorstategovernments thatitsstudentsarelearning.Thesegovernments{{U}}?57?{{/U}}the schoolwiththeagreementorcharterthatpermitsittooperate.Unlikea traditionalpublicschool{{U}}?58?{{/U}}thecharterschooldoesnot havetoobeymostlawsgoverningpublicschools.Localstateorfederal governmentscannottellitwhat{{U}}?59?{{/U}}.Eachschoolcanchoose itsowngoalsanddecidethewaysitwantsto{{U}}?60?{{/U}}those goals.Classsizesusuallyaresmallerthaninmanytraditionalpublicschools. Manystudentsandparentssay{{U}}?61?{{/U}}incharterschoolscanbe morecreative.??Howeverstateeducationagencieslocal education-governingcommitteesandunionsoften{{U}}?62?{{/U}}charter schools.Theysaytheseschoolsmayreceivemoneybadly{{U}}?63?{{/U}} bytraditionalpublicschools.Expertssaysomecharterschoolsaredoingwell whileothersarestruggling.Congressprovided200milliondollarsfor {{U}}?64?{{/U}}charterschoolsinthe2002federalbudget预算.But oftentheschoolssaytheylackenoughmoneyfortheir{{U}}?65?{{/U}}. Manyalsolackneededspace.
{{*HTML*}}下面有3篇短文每篇短文后有5道题每道题后面有4个选项请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案{{B}}第一篇{{/B}} SleeplessatNight??It wasanormalsummernight.Humidity湿气hunginthethickair.? ?Icouldn’tgotosleeppartlybecauseofmycoldandpartlybecauseofmy expectationsforthenextday.Mymumhadsaidthattomorrowwasgoingtobea surprise.??Sweatstucktomyachingbody.Finallygathered enoughstrengthtositup.Ilookedoutofmysmallwindowintothenight.There wasabigbrightmoonhangingintheskygivingoffamagiclight.? ?Icouldn’tstandthepressureanymoresoIdidwhatIalwaysdotomake myselffeelbetter.Iwenttothebathroomandpickedupmytoothbrushand toothpaste.Icleanedmyteethasiftherewasnotomorrow.Backandforthup anddown.??ThenIwalkeddownstairstolookforsomesignsof movementsomelife.Gladiatormycatfrightenedmeashemeowed喵喵地唱出his sadsong.Hewasontheoldorangecouch长沙发sittinguponhisfrontlegs waitingforsomethingtohappen.HelookedatmeasiftosayI’mlonelypet me.Ineedagoodhug紧抱.Eventhecouchbeggedmetositonit.? ?InonemovementIsettleddownontothesoftcouch.Thiscouchrepresented myparents’marriagemybirthandhundredsofotherlittleevents.? ?AsIheldGladiatormyheartstartedbeatingheavily.Mymindwasflooded withquestions:What’slife?AmIreallyalive?Areyoulisteningtome?Every timeImovedmyhanddownGladiator’sbodyIhadanewthought;eachtouchsang adifferentsong.??Iforgotallabouttheheatandthenextday’s surprise.TheatmospherewassofullofwarmthandsilencethatIsankintoits alms.FallingasleepwiththebigcatinmyarmsIfeltallmyworriesslowly moveaway.Theauthorofthepassagecouldnotgotosleeppartlybecause______.
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面的短文文中有15处空白每处空白给出4个选项请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案 ??Americanpubliceducationhaschanged numbersofAmericanparentsandteachersareinrecentyears.Onechangeisthat increasingstartingindependentpublicschools{{U}}?51?{{/U}}charter schools特许学校.??In1991therewerenocharterschoolsinthe UnitedStates.Todaymorethan2300charterschools{{U}}?52?{{/U}} in34statesandtheDistrictofColumbia.575000students{{U}}?53 ?{{/U}}theseschools.Thestudentsarefrom5yearsofagethrough18or older.?Acharterschoolis{{U}}?54?{{/U}}bygroupsofparents teachersandcommunity社区members.Itissimilarinsomeways{{U}}?55 ?{{/U}}atraditionalpublicschool.Itreceivestaxmoneytooperatejustas otherpublicschoolsdo.The{{U}}?56?{{/U}}itreceivesdependsonthe numberofstudents.Thecharterschoolmustprovetolocalorstategovernments thatitsstudentsarelearning.Thesegovernments{{U}}?57?{{/U}}the schoolwiththeagreementorcharterthatpermitsittooperate.Unlikea traditionalpublicschool{{U}}?58?{{/U}}thecharterschooldoesnot havetoobeymostlawsgoverningpublicschools.Localstateorfederal governmentscannottellitwhat{{U}}?59?{{/U}}.Eachschoolcanchoose itsowngoalsanddecidethewaysitwantsto{{U}}?60?{{/U}}those goals.Classsizesusuallyaresmallerthaninmanytraditionalpublicschools. Manystudentsandparentssay{{U}}?61?{{/U}}incharterschoolscanbe morecreative.??Howeverstateeducationagencieslocal education-governingcommitteesandunionsoften{{U}}?62?{{/U}}charter schools.Theysaytheseschoolsmayreceivemoneybadly{{U}}?63?{{/U}} bytraditionalpublicschools.Expertssaysomecharterschoolsaredoingwell whileothersarestruggling.Congressprovided200milliondollarsfor {{U}}?64?{{/U}}charterschoolsinthe2002federalbudget预算.But oftentheschoolssaytheylackenoughmoneyfortheir{{U}}?65?{{/U}}. Manyalsolackneededspace.
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面的短文文中有15处空白每处空白给出4个选项请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案 ??Americanpubliceducationhaschanged numbersofAmericanparentsandteachersareinrecentyears.Onechangeisthat increasingstartingindependentpublicschools{{U}}?51?{{/U}}charter schools特许学校.??In1991therewerenocharterschoolsinthe UnitedStates.Todaymorethan2300charterschools{{U}}?52?{{/U}} in34statesandtheDistrictofColumbia.575000students{{U}}?53 ?{{/U}}theseschools.Thestudentsarefrom5yearsofagethrough18or older.?Acharterschoolis{{U}}?54?{{/U}}bygroupsofparents teachersandcommunity社区members.Itissimilarinsomeways{{U}}?55 ?{{/U}}atraditionalpublicschool.Itreceivestaxmoneytooperatejustas otherpublicschoolsdo.The{{U}}?56?{{/U}}itreceivesdependsonthe numberofstudents.Thecharterschoolmustprovetolocalorstategovernments thatitsstudentsarelearning.Thesegovernments{{U}}?57?{{/U}}the schoolwiththeagreementorcharterthatpermitsittooperate.Unlikea traditionalpublicschool{{U}}?58?{{/U}}thecharterschooldoesnot havetoobeymostlawsgoverningpublicschools.Localstateorfederal governmentscannottellitwhat{{U}}?59?{{/U}}.Eachschoolcanchoose itsowngoalsanddecidethewaysitwantsto{{U}}?60?{{/U}}those goals.Classsizesusuallyaresmallerthaninmanytraditionalpublicschools. Manystudentsandparentssay{{U}}?61?{{/U}}incharterschoolscanbe morecreative.??Howeverstateeducationagencieslocal education-governingcommitteesandunionsoften{{U}}?62?{{/U}}charter schools.Theysaytheseschoolsmayreceivemoneybadly{{U}}?63?{{/U}} bytraditionalpublicschools.Expertssaysomecharterschoolsaredoingwell whileothersarestruggling.Congressprovided200milliondollarsfor {{U}}?64?{{/U}}charterschoolsinthe2002federalbudget预算.But oftentheschoolssaytheylackenoughmoneyfortheir{{U}}?65?{{/U}}. Manyalsolackneededspace.
{{*HTML*}}下面的短文后列出了7个句子请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断如果该句提供的是正确信息请选择A如果该句提供的是错误信息请选择B如果该句的信息文中没有提及请选择C HelpYourChildBecomea Reader??Encouragingearlyreadingskillscanbuild apathtoalifelong终身的loveofreadingandcanhelpyourchildgetahead startinschool.Whilereadingtoyourchildisstillthemostimportantthing youcandotobuildreadingskillstherearemanytechniquesthatcan help.??Makereadingfun.Playgameswithyourchildasyouread. Manytraditionalchildren’sgamescanbeadaptedtoencouragereading skill.??WhilereadingorduringplaytellyourchildIspy withmylittleeyesomethingthatbeginswiththeletterb.Helpthechild findsomethingonthepageorintheroomthatbeginswiththatletter.For exampleIseeabarn.Thiscanalsobeusedtoteachbeginninglettersounds. Ispywithmylittleeyesomethingthatbeginswiththesounds.Helpthe childfindawordthatbeginswiththessound.Inthisvariationonthe populargameinstructthechildthatSimonsayspointtosomethingthat startswiththeletter’n.’Thechildcanthenfindanobjectintheroomor abodypartsuchasthenosethatstartswiththeletterpresented.Thiscan alsobeusedtoteachbeginningsounds.??Makeagameoutof rhyming押韵wordsbymakingupsillywordstorhymewiththechild’snameor favoritetoys.Thissetsthestageforrhymingrealwordsbyshowingthechild thesimilaritiesofsounds.Asthechildmastersmakingupthewordsbegin rhymingrealwordstooneanother.Tipstoraiseasuccessfulreader.? ?Putbooksinplaceswherethechildplays.Ifbooksareeasilyaccessible childrenaremorelikelytopickthemup.??Letchildrenreadto youbylookingatpictures.Makingupstoriestogoalongwithillustrations helpschildrendiscoverhowwordsrelatetopictures.??Takebooks alongontripsorevenshortvisitstothedoctor’sofficeorgrocery store.??Havechildrenhelpyoushop.Readinggrocerylistsand lookingforspecificitemshelpsbuildsight vocabulary.Computergamescanbeusedtohelpchildrendeveloptheirreadingskills.
{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第三篇{{/B}} TechnologyTransferin Germany??Whenitcomestotranslatingbasic researchintoindustrialsuccessfewnationscanmatchGermany.?Sincethe 1940sthenation’svastindustrialbasehasbeenfedwithaconstantstreamof newideasandexpertisefromscience.AndthoughGermanprosperity繁荣has faltered衰退overthepastdecadebecauseofthehugecostofunifyingeastand westaswellastheglobaleconomicdeclineitstillhasanenviable令人羡慕的 recordforturningideasintoprofit.??Muchofthereasonfor thatsuccessistheFraunhoferSocietyanetworkofresearchinstitutesthat existssolelytosolveindustrialproblemsandcreatesought-aftertechnologies. ?ButtodaytheFraunhoferinstituteshavecompetition.?Universities aretakinganeverlargerroleintechnologytransferandtechnologyparksare springingupallover.Theseeffortsarebeingcomplementedbythefederal programsforpumpingmoneyintostart-upcompanies.??Sucha strategymaysoundlikearecipeforeconomicsuccessbutitisnotwithoutits critics.Thesepeopleworrythatfavoringappliedresearchwillmeanneglecting basicscienceeventuallystarvingindustryoffreshideas.Everyscientist startsthinkinglikeanentrepreneur企业家theargumentgoesthenthe traditionalprinciplesofuniversityresearchbeingcuriosity-drivenfreeand widelyavailablewillsuffer.Othersclaimthatmanyoftheprogramstopromote technologytransferareawasteofmoneybecausehalfthesmallbusinessesthat arepromotedareboundtogobankruptwithinafewyears.??While thisdebatecontinuesnewideasflowatasteadyratefromGermany’sresearch networkswhichbearfamousnamessuchasHelmholtzMaxPlanckandLeibniz.Yet itisthefourthnetworktheFraunhoferSocietythatplaysthegreatestrolein technologytransfer.??Foundedin1949theFraunhoferSocietyis nowEurope’slargestorganizationforappliedtechnologyandhas59institutes employing12000people.Itcontinuestogrow.Lastyearitswallowedupthe HeinrichHertzInstituteforCommunicationTechnologyinBerlin.Todaythere areevenFraunhofersintheUSandAsia.TheFraunhoferSocietyisthelargestorganizationforappliedtechnologyin______.
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面的短文文中有15处空白每处空白给出4个选项请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案 ??Americanpubliceducationhaschanged numbersofAmericanparentsandteachersareinrecentyears.Onechangeisthat increasingstartingindependentpublicschools{{U}}?51?{{/U}}charter schools特许学校.??In1991therewerenocharterschoolsinthe UnitedStates.Todaymorethan2300charterschools{{U}}?52?{{/U}} in34statesandtheDistrictofColumbia.575000students{{U}}?53 ?{{/U}}theseschools.Thestudentsarefrom5yearsofagethrough18or older.?Acharterschoolis{{U}}?54?{{/U}}bygroupsofparents teachersandcommunity社区members.Itissimilarinsomeways{{U}}?55 ?{{/U}}atraditionalpublicschool.Itreceivestaxmoneytooperatejustas otherpublicschoolsdo.The{{U}}?56?{{/U}}itreceivesdependsonthe numberofstudents.Thecharterschoolmustprovetolocalorstategovernments thatitsstudentsarelearning.Thesegovernments{{U}}?57?{{/U}}the schoolwiththeagreementorcharterthatpermitsittooperate.Unlikea traditionalpublicschool{{U}}?58?{{/U}}thecharterschooldoesnot havetoobeymostlawsgoverningpublicschools.Localstateorfederal governmentscannottellitwhat{{U}}?59?{{/U}}.Eachschoolcanchoose itsowngoalsanddecidethewaysitwantsto{{U}}?60?{{/U}}those goals.Classsizesusuallyaresmallerthaninmanytraditionalpublicschools. Manystudentsandparentssay{{U}}?61?{{/U}}incharterschoolscanbe morecreative.??Howeverstateeducationagencieslocal education-governingcommitteesandunionsoften{{U}}?62?{{/U}}charter schools.Theysaytheseschoolsmayreceivemoneybadly{{U}}?63?{{/U}} bytraditionalpublicschools.Expertssaysomecharterschoolsaredoingwell whileothersarestruggling.Congressprovided200milliondollarsfor {{U}}?64?{{/U}}charterschoolsinthe2002federalbudget预算.But oftentheschoolssaytheylackenoughmoneyfortheir{{U}}?65?{{/U}}. Manyalsolackneededspace.
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面的短文文中有15处空白每处空白给出4个选项请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案 ??Americanpubliceducationhaschanged numbersofAmericanparentsandteachersareinrecentyears.Onechangeisthat increasingstartingindependentpublicschools{{U}}?51?{{/U}}charter schools特许学校.??In1991therewerenocharterschoolsinthe UnitedStates.Todaymorethan2300charterschools{{U}}?52?{{/U}} in34statesandtheDistrictofColumbia.575000students{{U}}?53 ?{{/U}}theseschools.Thestudentsarefrom5yearsofagethrough18or older.?Acharterschoolis{{U}}?54?{{/U}}bygroupsofparents teachersandcommunity社区members.Itissimilarinsomeways{{U}}?55 ?{{/U}}atraditionalpublicschool.Itreceivestaxmoneytooperatejustas otherpublicschoolsdo.The{{U}}?56?{{/U}}itreceivesdependsonthe numberofstudents.Thecharterschoolmustprovetolocalorstategovernments thatitsstudentsarelearning.Thesegovernments{{U}}?57?{{/U}}the schoolwiththeagreementorcharterthatpermitsittooperate.Unlikea traditionalpublicschool{{U}}?58?{{/U}}thecharterschooldoesnot havetoobeymostlawsgoverningpublicschools.Localstateorfederal governmentscannottellitwhat{{U}}?59?{{/U}}.Eachschoolcanchoose itsowngoalsanddecidethewaysitwantsto{{U}}?60?{{/U}}those goals.Classsizesusuallyaresmallerthaninmanytraditionalpublicschools. Manystudentsandparentssay{{U}}?61?{{/U}}incharterschoolscanbe morecreative.??Howeverstateeducationagencieslocal education-governingcommitteesandunionsoften{{U}}?62?{{/U}}charter schools.Theysaytheseschoolsmayreceivemoneybadly{{U}}?63?{{/U}} bytraditionalpublicschools.Expertssaysomecharterschoolsaredoingwell whileothersarestruggling.Congressprovided200milliondollarsfor {{U}}?64?{{/U}}charterschoolsinthe2002federalbudget预算.But oftentheschoolssaytheylackenoughmoneyfortheir{{U}}?65?{{/U}}. Manyalsolackneededspace.
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{{*HTML*}}下面有3篇短文每篇短文后有5道题每道题后面有4个选项请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案{{B}}第一篇{{/B}} SleeplessatNight??It wasanormalsummernight.Humidity湿气hunginthethickair.? ?Icouldn’tgotosleeppartlybecauseofmycoldandpartlybecauseofmy expectationsforthenextday.Mymumhadsaidthattomorrowwasgoingtobea surprise.??Sweatstucktomyachingbody.Finallygathered enoughstrengthtositup.Ilookedoutofmysmallwindowintothenight.There wasabigbrightmoonhangingintheskygivingoffamagiclight.? ?Icouldn’tstandthepressureanymoresoIdidwhatIalwaysdotomake myselffeelbetter.Iwenttothebathroomandpickedupmytoothbrushand toothpaste.Icleanedmyteethasiftherewasnotomorrow.Backandforthup anddown.??ThenIwalkeddownstairstolookforsomesignsof movementsomelife.Gladiatormycatfrightenedmeashemeowed喵喵地唱出his sadsong.Hewasontheoldorangecouch长沙发sittinguponhisfrontlegs waitingforsomethingtohappen.HelookedatmeasiftosayI’mlonelypet me.Ineedagoodhug紧抱.Eventhecouchbeggedmetositonit.? ?InonemovementIsettleddownontothesoftcouch.Thiscouchrepresented myparents’marriagemybirthandhundredsofotherlittleevents.? ?AsIheldGladiatormyheartstartedbeatingheavily.Mymindwasflooded withquestions:What’slife?AmIreallyalive?Areyoulisteningtome?Every timeImovedmyhanddownGladiator’sbodyIhadanewthought;eachtouchsang adifferentsong.??Iforgotallabouttheheatandthenextday’s surprise.TheatmospherewassofullofwarmthandsilencethatIsankintoits alms.FallingasleepwiththebigcatinmyarmsIfeltallmyworriesslowly moveaway.Whatdidthecouchrepresent?
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面的短文文中有15处空白每处空白给出4个选项请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案 ??Americanpubliceducationhaschanged numbersofAmericanparentsandteachersareinrecentyears.Onechangeisthat increasingstartingindependentpublicschools{{U}}?51?{{/U}}charter schools特许学校.??In1991therewerenocharterschoolsinthe UnitedStates.Todaymorethan2300charterschools{{U}}?52?{{/U}} in34statesandtheDistrictofColumbia.575000students{{U}}?53 ?{{/U}}theseschools.Thestudentsarefrom5yearsofagethrough18or older.?Acharterschoolis{{U}}?54?{{/U}}bygroupsofparents teachersandcommunity社区members.Itissimilarinsomeways{{U}}?55 ?{{/U}}atraditionalpublicschool.Itreceivestaxmoneytooperatejustas otherpublicschoolsdo.The{{U}}?56?{{/U}}itreceivesdependsonthe numberofstudents.Thecharterschoolmustprovetolocalorstategovernments thatitsstudentsarelearning.Thesegovernments{{U}}?57?{{/U}}the schoolwiththeagreementorcharterthatpermitsittooperate.Unlikea traditionalpublicschool{{U}}?58?{{/U}}thecharterschooldoesnot havetoobeymostlawsgoverningpublicschools.Localstateorfederal governmentscannottellitwhat{{U}}?59?{{/U}}.Eachschoolcanchoose itsowngoalsanddecidethewaysitwantsto{{U}}?60?{{/U}}those goals.Classsizesusuallyaresmallerthaninmanytraditionalpublicschools. Manystudentsandparentssay{{U}}?61?{{/U}}incharterschoolscanbe morecreative.??Howeverstateeducationagencieslocal education-governingcommitteesandunionsoften{{U}}?62?{{/U}}charter schools.Theysaytheseschoolsmayreceivemoneybadly{{U}}?63?{{/U}} bytraditionalpublicschools.Expertssaysomecharterschoolsaredoingwell whileothersarestruggling.Congressprovided200milliondollarsfor {{U}}?64?{{/U}}charterschoolsinthe2002federalbudget预算.But oftentheschoolssaytheylackenoughmoneyfortheir{{U}}?65?{{/U}}. Manyalsolackneededspace.
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