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杜某与其妻陈某经法院判决于2007年离婚,其女随陈某生活。2008年杜某为其母购买了一份人寿保险,并经其母同意指定自己为受益人。杜某无其他亲属。一日,杜某与其母外出旅游遭遇车祸,其母当场死亡,杜某受重...
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Parker&Hobbes POBox4399 BrisbaneAustralia October11th2010 LynetteGallagher ActonIndustry Level12FraserPlace DearMs.Gallagher ThankyouforcontactingParker&HobbesonOctober2toregisteryourinterestinourservices.MynameisJamalYeeandIwillbeyourpointofcontactatParker&Hobbes.Youcangetintouchwithmebyemailphoneorfax.Mycontactdetailsarerecordedatthebottomofthisletter. IwouldbedelightedtodevelopaccommodationssolutionsforyourcompanyintheCairnsareas.AsyouareprobablyawareourheadquartersisbasedinBrisbanebutwedocontactasubstantialamountofbusinessinCairnsandthesurroundingregion.ThereforeIamconfidentthatIcanarrangetodesignandbuildadequatehousingforyourworkplaceinthisarea.Pleaseallowmetoexplaintheprocedurefromhere. AsIunderstandfromtheinitialrequestyousentActonIndustryintendstobeginworkontheToowumbamine50kilometerssouthwestofCairnsinearly2012.WiththedeadlineinmindandpleaseletmeknowimmediatelyifthisinformationisincorrectIhopetosubmitdetailedplanofthehousingcomplexbyMarch2011foryourarrival.Assoonastheplanshavebeensettledtheconstructionprocessshouldtakearound6to8months. Ilookforwardtoworkingwithyoucloselyonthisexcitingproject. Regards JamalYee ProjectManager-Parker&Hobbes Email:j.yee@pandhcom Office:03-888-9077 Cell:012-908-907 Fax:03-888-9078 Whatisthepurposeofthisletter
Disagreementsamongeconomistsarelegendarybutnotontheissueoffreetrade.Arecentsurveyofprominenteconomistsbothconservativeandliberalconcludedthataneconomistwhoarguesforrestrictinginternationaltradeisalmostascommontodayasaphysicianwhofavorsleeching.WhytheconsensusInternationalfreetradeeconomistsagreemakespossiblehigherstandardsoflivingallovertheglobe.Thecaseforfreetraderestslargelyonthisprinciple:aslongastradeisvoluntarybothpartnersbenefitotherwisetheywouldn’ttrade.Thebuyerofashirtforexamplevaluestheshirtmorethanthemoneyspentwhilethesellervaluesthemoneymore.Botharebetteroffbecauseofthesale.Moreoveritdoesn’tmatterwhethertheshirtsalesmanisfromtheUnitedStatesorHongKongoranywhereelse.ThevastmajorityofAmericanmanufacturesfaceinternationalcompetition.Thiscompetitionforcescompaniestoimprovequalityandcutcosts.Bycontrastprotectionismencouragesmonopolylowerqualityandhigherprices.Americanspayanenormouspriceforprotectionismover$60billionayearor$1000forafamilyoffour.ThankstoprotectionismforexampleAmericanconsumerspaytwicetheworldpriceforsugar.Freetradealsomakestheworldeconomymoreefficientbyallowingnationstocapitalizeontheirstrengths.TheUnitedStateshasanadvantageinfoodproductionforinstancewhileSaudiArabiahasanadvantageinoil.TheSaudiscouldundertakemassiveirrigationtobecomeself-sufficientinfoodbutitismoreeconomicalforthemtoselloilandpurchasefoodfromus.Similarlywecouldbecomeself-sufficientinpetroleumbysqueezingmoreoutofoilshale.ButitismuchlesscostlytobuysomeofouroilfromSaudiArabia.Tradebetweenourtwocountriesimprovesthestandardoflivinginboth.Protectionismisbothwastefulandunjust.Ittaxesmostheavilythepeoplewhocanleastaffordit.Thustariffsthatraisethepriceofshoesburdenthepoormorethantherich.DespitethepowerfulcaseforfreetradetheUnitedStatesandtherestoftheworldhavealwaysbeenprotectionisttosomedegree.Thisisbecausefreetradebenefitsthegeneralpublicwhileprotectionismbenefitsspecialinterestgroupswhicharebetterorganizedbetterfinancedandmoreinformed.Tomakemattersworsemuchofwhatwehearonthisissueismisinformationspreadbythespecialintereststhemselves.WhyhasprotectionismalwaysbeenexercisedevenifitiswastefulandunjustBecause______.
Disagreementsamongeconomistsarelegendarybutnotontheissueoffreetrade.Arecentsurveyofprominenteconomistsbothconservativeandliberalconcludedthataneconomistwhoarguesforrestrictinginternationaltradeisalmostascommontodayasaphysicianwhofavorsleeching.WhytheconsensusInternationalfreetradeeconomistsagreemakespossiblehigherstandardsoflivingallovertheglobe.Thecaseforfreetraderestslargelyonthisprinciple:aslongastradeisvoluntarybothpartnersbenefitotherwisetheywouldn’ttrade.Thebuyerofashirtforexamplevaluestheshirtmorethanthemoneyspentwhilethesellervaluesthemoneymore.Botharebetteroffbecauseofthesale.Moreoveritdoesn’tmatterwhethertheshirtsalesmanisfromtheUnitedStatesorHongKongoranywhereelse.ThevastmajorityofAmericanmanufacturesfaceinternationalcompetition.Thiscompetitionforcescompaniestoimprovequalityandcutcosts.Bycontrastprotectionismencouragesmonopolylowerqualityandhigherprices.Americanspayanenormouspriceforprotectionismover$60billionayearor$1000forafamilyoffour.ThankstoprotectionismforexampleAmericanconsumerspaytwicetheworldpriceforsugar.Freetradealsomakestheworldeconomymoreefficientbyallowingnationstocapitalizeontheirstrengths.TheUnitedStateshasanadvantageinfoodproductionforinstancewhileSaudiArabiahasanadvantageinoil.TheSaudiscouldundertakemassiveirrigationtobecomeself-sufficientinfoodbutitismoreeconomicalforthemtoselloilandpurchasefoodfromus.Similarlywecouldbecomeself-sufficientinpetroleumbysqueezingmoreoutofoilshale.ButitismuchlesscostlytobuysomeofouroilfromSaudiArabia.Tradebetweenourtwocountriesimprovesthestandardoflivinginboth.Protectionismisbothwastefulandunjust.Ittaxesmostheavilythepeoplewhocanleastaffordit.Thustariffsthatraisethepriceofshoesburdenthepoormorethantherich.DespitethepowerfulcaseforfreetradetheUnitedStatesandtherestoftheworldhavealwaysbeenprotectionisttosomedegree.Thisisbecausefreetradebenefitsthegeneralpublicwhileprotectionismbenefitsspecialinterestgroupswhicharebetterorganizedbetterfinancedandmoreinformed.Tomakemattersworsemuchofwhatwehearonthisissueismisinformationspreadbythespecialintereststhemselves.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardprotectionismdenotedfromthefifthparagraph
下列各项中属于孳息的是
下列哪一行为构成对知识产权的侵犯
TheFormicaFamilyandCommunityClubareproudtobringyoutheannualFormicaSeasonofFun.BeginningonFebruary3andfinishingonFebruary23theSeasonofFunprovideslocalresidentswithafantastic27ofexcitingandeducationalevents. TheprogramincludesaTeddyBears’picnicatHoldenParkanAdventurePlaygroundChallengeatthesamevenuefreestreettheaterinthecentralcityandaCommunityFunrunthroughtheViraMarineReserve. 28ofthescheduledeventswillbeopentoall-comers.Howeverthoseinterestedintheplaygroundchallengewillneedtoregisterinadvancebecausespaceislimited.TofindoutmoreabouttheprogramforthisupcomingfestivalvisittheFormicaFamilyandCommunityClubwebsiteand29onthelinktotheFormicaSeasonofFun. Welookforwardtoseeingyouallthere. 29
TheFormicaFamilyandCommunityClubareproudtobringyoutheannualFormicaSeasonofFun.BeginningonFebruary3andfinishingonFebruary23theSeasonofFunprovideslocalresidentswithafantastic27ofexcitingandeducationalevents. TheprogramincludesaTeddyBears’picnicatHoldenParkanAdventurePlaygroundChallengeatthesamevenuefreestreettheaterinthecentralcityandaCommunityFunrunthroughtheViraMarineReserve. 28ofthescheduledeventswillbeopentoall-comers.Howeverthoseinterestedintheplaygroundchallengewillneedtoregisterinadvancebecausespaceislimited.TofindoutmoreabouttheprogramforthisupcomingfestivalvisittheFormicaFamilyandCommunityClubwebsiteand29onthelinktotheFormicaSeasonofFun. Welookforwardtoseeingyouallthere. 27
甲公司经常派业务员乙与丙公司订立合同乙调离后又持盖有甲公司公章的合同书与尚不知其已调离的丙公司订立一份合同并按照通常做法提走货款后逃匿对此甲公司并不知情丙公司要求甲公司履行合同甲公司认为该合同与己无关予以拒绝下列选项哪一个是正确的
Parker&Hobbes POBox4399 BrisbaneAustralia October11th2010 LynetteGallagher ActonIndustry Level12FraserPlace DearMs.Gallagher ThankyouforcontactingParker&HobbesonOctober2toregisteryourinterestinourservices.MynameisJamalYeeandIwillbeyourpointofcontactatParker&Hobbes.Youcangetintouchwithmebyemailphoneorfax.Mycontactdetailsarerecordedatthebottomofthisletter. IwouldbedelightedtodevelopaccommodationssolutionsforyourcompanyintheCairnsareas.AsyouareprobablyawareourheadquartersisbasedinBrisbanebutwedocontactasubstantialamountofbusinessinCairnsandthesurroundingregion.ThereforeIamconfidentthatIcanarrangetodesignandbuildadequatehousingforyourworkplaceinthisarea.Pleaseallowmetoexplaintheprocedurefromhere. AsIunderstandfromtheinitialrequestyousentActonIndustryintendstobeginworkontheToowumbamine50kilometerssouthwestofCairnsinearly2012.WiththedeadlineinmindandpleaseletmeknowimmediatelyifthisinformationisincorrectIhopetosubmitdetailedplanofthehousingcomplexbyMarch2011foryourarrival.Assoonastheplanshavebeensettledtheconstructionprocessshouldtakearound6to8months. Ilookforwardtoworkingwithyoucloselyonthisexcitingproject. Regards JamalYee ProjectManager-Parker&Hobbes Email:j.yee@pandhcom Office:03-888-9077 Cell:012-908-907 Fax:03-888-9078 WhatisindicatedaboutActonIndustry
下列行为中属于民事代理的是
某外国公司在向我国政府申请设立外资企业时存在以下情况请问其中哪一项违反了我国法律的规定
Everyproductonthemarkethasavarietyofcostsbuiltintoitbeforeitiseverputupforsaletoacustomer.Therearecostsofproductiontransportationstorageadvertisingandmore.Eachofthesecostsmustbringinsomeprofitateachstage:truckersmustprofitfromtransportingproductsortheywouldnotbeinbusiness.Thuscostsalsoincludeseverallayersofprofits.Thesellingpriceofaproductmusttakeallofthesecostsandbuiltinprofitsintoconsideration.Thesellingpriceitselfconsistsofamarkupoverthetotalofallcostsanditisnormallybasedonapercentageofthetotalcost.Themarkupmaybequitehigh90percentofcostoritmaybelow.Groceryitemsmasupermarketusuallyhavealowmarkupwhileminkcoatshaveaveryhighone.Highmarkupshoweverdonotinthemselvesguaranteebigprofits.Profitscomefromturnover.Ifanitemhasa50percentmarkupanddoesnotsellthereisnoprofit.Butifacerealhasan8percentmarkupandsellsverywelltherearereasonableprofits.Whilemostpricingisbasedoncostfactorstherearesomeexceptions.Prestigepricingmeanssettingpricesartificiallyhighinordertoattractselectclientele.Suchpricingattemptstosuggestthatthequalityorstyleoftheproductisexceptionalorthattheitemcannotbefoundelsewhere.Storescanuseprestigepricingtoattractwealthyshoppers.Leaderpricingandbaitpricingaretheoppositesofprestigepricing.Leaderpricingmeanssettinglowpricesoncertainitemstogetpeopletocomeintothestores.Theproductssopricedarecalledlossleadersbecauselittleornoprofitcanbemadeonthem.Theprofitsaremadefromotherproductspeoplebuywhileinthestore.Baitpricingnowgenerallyconsideredillegalmeanssettingartificiallylowpricestoattractcustomers.Thestorehoweverhasnointentionofsellinggoodsatthebaitprices.Thepointistogetpeopleintothestoreandpersuadethemoftheinferiorityofthelowpriceditem.Thenahigherpriceditemispresentedasabetteralternative.Acommonretailtacticisoddpricedproducts.Forsomeproductsof$300thestorewillsetthepriceat$295or$299.95togivetheappearanceofalowerprice.Automobilesandotherhighpricedproductsareusuallypricedinthismanner.Forsomereason$7995hasmoreappealtoapotentialcarcustomerthan$8000.Bidpricingisaspecialkindofpricesetting.Itisoftenusedintheawardingofgovernmentcontracts.Severalcompaniesareaskedtosubmitbidsonajobandnormallythelowestbidderwins.Aschoolsystemmaywanttobuyalargenumberofcomputers.Severalcompaniesareaskedtosubmitpricesandtheschooldistrictwilldecideonthebestbidbasedaswellonconsiderationsofqualityandservice.Inabiddingtransaction______.
Everyproductonthemarkethasavarietyofcostsbuiltintoitbeforeitiseverputupforsaletoacustomer.Therearecostsofproductiontransportationstorageadvertisingandmore.Eachofthesecostsmustbringinsomeprofitateachstage:truckersmustprofitfromtransportingproductsortheywouldnotbeinbusiness.Thuscostsalsoincludeseverallayersofprofits.Thesellingpriceofaproductmusttakeallofthesecostsandbuiltinprofitsintoconsideration.Thesellingpriceitselfconsistsofamarkupoverthetotalofallcostsanditisnormallybasedonapercentageofthetotalcost.Themarkupmaybequitehigh90percentofcostoritmaybelow.Groceryitemsmasupermarketusuallyhavealowmarkupwhileminkcoatshaveaveryhighone.Highmarkupshoweverdonotinthemselvesguaranteebigprofits.Profitscomefromturnover.Ifanitemhasa50percentmarkupanddoesnotsellthereisnoprofit.Butifacerealhasan8percentmarkupandsellsverywelltherearereasonableprofits.Whilemostpricingisbasedoncostfactorstherearesomeexceptions.Prestigepricingmeanssettingpricesartificiallyhighinordertoattractselectclientele.Suchpricingattemptstosuggestthatthequalityorstyleoftheproductisexceptionalorthattheitemcannotbefoundelsewhere.Storescanuseprestigepricingtoattractwealthyshoppers.Leaderpricingandbaitpricingaretheoppositesofprestigepricing.Leaderpricingmeanssettinglowpricesoncertainitemstogetpeopletocomeintothestores.Theproductssopricedarecalledlossleadersbecauselittleornoprofitcanbemadeonthem.Theprofitsaremadefromotherproductspeoplebuywhileinthestore.Baitpricingnowgenerallyconsideredillegalmeanssettingartificiallylowpricestoattractcustomers.Thestorehoweverhasnointentionofsellinggoodsatthebaitprices.Thepointistogetpeopleintothestoreandpersuadethemoftheinferiorityofthelowpriceditem.Thenahigherpriceditemispresentedasabetteralternative.Acommonretailtacticisoddpricedproducts.Forsomeproductsof$300thestorewillsetthepriceat$295or$299.95togivetheappearanceofalowerprice.Automobilesandotherhighpricedproductsareusuallypricedinthismanner.Forsomereason$7995hasmoreappealtoapotentialcarcustomerthan$8000.Bidpricingisaspecialkindofpricesetting.Itisoftenusedintheawardingofgovernmentcontracts.Severalcompaniesareaskedtosubmitbidsonajobandnormallythelowestbidderwins.Aschoolsystemmaywanttobuyalargenumberofcomputers.Severalcompaniesareaskedtosubmitpricesandtheschooldistrictwilldecideonthebestbidbasedaswellonconsiderationsofqualityandservice.Inthefirstparagraphmarkupmostprobablymeans______.
From:GraceSylvester To:KevinMalone Subject:RecentAppointment DearMr.Malone ThankyouforvisitingtheMadisonCountyMedicalCliniconMonday.Ihopethatyouweresatisfiedwiththelevelofservicesandcarethatyoureceived.AsyourequestedinourrecentphoneconversationIhaveincludedascannedcopyofthemedicalcertificatesignedbyDr.Edwardsasanattachmenttothisemail. ShouldtheelectroniccopyofthisdocumentbeunacceptabletoyouremployerIwillposttheoriginaldocumenttothemdirectly.Pleaseletmeknowifthisisnecessary.PleasenotethatinthefutureIrecommendthatyourequestacopyofyourcertificatewhenyouseethedoctor.Thisismuchsimplerandmoreconvenientforeverybody. Regards GraceSylvester Secretary-MadisonCountyMedicalClinic WhatisMr.Maloneadvisedtodonexttime
OnbehalfoftheworkplaceissuescommitteeIwouldliketoremindyouallabouttheimportanceofenergyconservation.Byreducingourenergyusageintheofficewecannotonlysavethousandsofdollarsonelectricitybillsbutwecanalsohelptheenvironment.Moreoverbeingenergyefficientwillhelpboostourimageinthecommunity. Atlastmonth’smeetingoftheworkplaceissuescommitteewecameupwithalistofsimplemeasuresthatindividualemployeescantaketohelpconserveenergy.Pleasereadthefollowingideasandtrytoputthemintopractice! ...Switchoffyourcomputerandmonitorwhenyoutakeyourlunchbreak. ...Donotuseascreensaveronyourcomputer. ...Leavetheblindsopensothatartificiallightingcanbekepttoaminimum. ...Dressappropriatelyfortheconditionssoastoreduceusageofheatingandairconditioning. ...Takethestairsratherthantheelevatorwheneverpossible. Thelistisanexcellentstartbutitisfarfromexhaustive.Ifyouhaveanysuggestionstoaddpleasedoso.Whetheryouareaseniormanagerorajuniorofficeclerkyourinputisequallyvaluable!Youcanpostsuggestionsontheworkplaceissueswebpageonthecompanyintranet.Wewillthendiscussyoursuggestionsatnextmonth’smeetingoftheworkplaceissuescommittee. Kindregards BethanyWillets Howcanreaderscontributeideas
Thetraditionaldistinctionbetweenproductsthatsatisfyneedsandthosethatsatisfywantsisnolongeradequatetodescribeclassesofproducts.Intoday’sprosperoussocietiesthedistinctionhasbecomeblurredbecausesomanywantshavebeenturnedintoneeds.Awriterforinstancecanworkwithpaperandpencils.Thesearelegitimateneedsforthetask.Buttheworkcanbedonemorequicklyandefficientlywithawordprocessor.Thusacomputerissoonviewedasaneedratherthanawant.Inthefieldofmarketingconsumergoodsareclassedaccordingtothewayinwhichtheyarepurchased.Thetwomaincategoriesareconveniencegoodsandshoppinggoods.Twolessertypesarespecialtygoodsandunsoughtgoods.Itmustbeemphasizedthatallofthesetypesarebasedonthewayshoppersthinkaboutproductsnotonthenatureoftheproductsthemselves.WhatisregardedasaconvenienceiteminFrancewineforexamplemaybeaspecialtygoodintheUnitedStates.Peopledonotspendagreatdealoftimeshoppingforsuchconvenienceitemsasgroceriesnewspaperstoothpasterazorbladesaspirinandcandy.Thebuyingofconveniencegoodsmaybedoneroutinelyassomefamiliesbuygroceriesonceaweek.Suchregularlypurchaseditemsarecalledstaples.Sometimesconvenienceproductsareboughtonimpulse:someonehasasuddendesireforanicecreamsundaeonahotday.Ortheymaybepurchasedasemergencyitems.Shoppinggoodsareitemsforwhichcustomerssearch.Theycomparepricesqualityandstylesandmayvisitanumberofstoresbeforemakingadecision.Buyinganautomobileisoftendonethisway.Shoppinggoodsfallintotwoclasses:thosethatareperceivedasbasicallythesameandthosethatareregardedasdifferent.Itemsthatarelookeduponasbasicallythesameincludesuchthingsashomeappliancestelevisionsetsandautomobiles.Havingdecidedonthemodeldesiredthecustomerisprimarilyinterestedingettingtheitematthemostfavorableprice.Itemsregardedasinherentlydifferentincludeclothingfurnitureanddishes.Qualitystyleandfashionwilleithertakeprecedenceoverpriceortheywillnotmatteratall.Specialtygoodshavecharacteristicsthatimpelcustomerstomakespecialeffortstofindthem.Pricemaybenoconsiderationatall.Specialtygoodscanincludealmostanykindofproduct.Normallyspecialtygoodshaveabrandnameorotherdistinguishingcharacteristics.Unsoughtgoodsareitemsaconsumerdoesnotnecessarilywantorneedormaynotevenknowabout.Promotionoradvertisingbringssuchgoodstotheconsumer’sattention.TheproductcouldbesomethingnewonthemarketastheSonyWalkmanoncewasoritmaybeafairlystandardservicesuchaslifeinsuranceforwhichmostpeoplewillusuallynotbothershopping.Unsoughtgoodsreferto______.
ShowcaseforDutchFilm MuchtothedelightoflocalcinemabuffsDutchFilmWeekiscomingtoIthacanextweek.TheserieswillkickoffonFridaynightwithaviewingofTheovanSaar’sthrillersTheBadlands.ThismoviewonprizesforBestDirectorandBestOriginalScreenplayatthe2010InternationalFilmAwards.OtherfilmsthatwillscreenthroughouttheweekincludethecomedyKeepingLipwiththeVanDijk’sfromdirectorRuudiHuytandMarcoGulit’sfromtragedyTheNighttoEndAllNights. AllofthefilmswillscreenattheLudoTheateronJustinStreet.AcopyoftheprogramcanbedownloadedfromtheLudo’swebsiteoryoucanpickonefromoutsideitsticketoffice.Thosewishingtoattendscreeningsareadvisedtobookearlyasdemandforticketsisexpectedtobehigh. DutchFilmWeekwillnotonlyshowcaseauniquetypeofcinemaitwillalsocelebrateDutchartsandculture.AccordinglytheLudowillhostanopeningceremonytomarktheopeningofthisexcitingfestival.AswellaslocalfilmenthusiaststhefunctionwillalsobeattendedbyprominentmembersoftheDutchcommunityincludingAmbassadorPaulHaajerwhoisexpectedtomakeashortspeech.Whileticketstothefirstscreeningarestillavailabletheopeningceremonyisaninvitation-onlyevent. Whatwillhappenatthefunction
From:TomEvans To:Allattendees Subject:Conferenceprogram Dearattendees Thankyouverymuchfor21the3rdAnnualTradeMarketingConference.ThispromisestobeanexcitingandinformativeeventandIlookforwardtoseeingyouallthere. Oneofthehighlightsoftheconferencewillbethekeynoteaddressbyinternationally-renownedtrademarketingguruGusHobson.22hispresentationyouwillallhavetheopportunitytospeaktohimduringouropenQuestionandAnswerForum.Inadditiontherewillbeanumberofotherstimulatingtalks. I23afullcopyoftheprogramforyourinterestoutliningallsessiontimesandbreaks.Pleasetakethetimetolookoverthesedetailsassoonasyoucan. Regards TomEvans ConferenceManager 21
Thetraditionaldistinctionbetweenproductsthatsatisfyneedsandthosethatsatisfywantsisnolongeradequatetodescribeclassesofproducts.Intoday’sprosperoussocietiesthedistinctionhasbecomeblurredbecausesomanywantshavebeenturnedintoneeds.Awriterforinstancecanworkwithpaperandpencils.Thesearelegitimateneedsforthetask.Buttheworkcanbedonemorequicklyandefficientlywithawordprocessor.Thusacomputerissoonviewedasaneedratherthanawant.Inthefieldofmarketingconsumergoodsareclassedaccordingtothewayinwhichtheyarepurchased.Thetwomaincategoriesareconveniencegoodsandshoppinggoods.Twolessertypesarespecialtygoodsandunsoughtgoods.Itmustbeemphasizedthatallofthesetypesarebasedonthewayshoppersthinkaboutproductsnotonthenatureoftheproductsthemselves.WhatisregardedasaconvenienceiteminFrancewineforexamplemaybeaspecialtygoodintheUnitedStates.Peopledonotspendagreatdealoftimeshoppingforsuchconvenienceitemsasgroceriesnewspaperstoothpasterazorbladesaspirinandcandy.Thebuyingofconveniencegoodsmaybedoneroutinelyassomefamiliesbuygroceriesonceaweek.Suchregularlypurchaseditemsarecalledstaples.Sometimesconvenienceproductsareboughtonimpulse:someonehasasuddendesireforanicecreamsundaeonahotday.Ortheymaybepurchasedasemergencyitems.Shoppinggoodsareitemsforwhichcustomerssearch.Theycomparepricesqualityandstylesandmayvisitanumberofstoresbeforemakingadecision.Buyinganautomobileisoftendonethisway.Shoppinggoodsfallintotwoclasses:thosethatareperceivedasbasicallythesameandthosethatareregardedasdifferent.Itemsthatarelookeduponasbasicallythesameincludesuchthingsashomeappliancestelevisionsetsandautomobiles.Havingdecidedonthemodeldesiredthecustomerisprimarilyinterestedingettingtheitematthemostfavorableprice.Itemsregardedasinherentlydifferentincludeclothingfurnitureanddishes.Qualitystyleandfashionwilleithertakeprecedenceoverpriceortheywillnotmatteratall.Specialtygoodshavecharacteristicsthatimpelcustomerstomakespecialeffortstofindthem.Pricemaybenoconsiderationatall.Specialtygoodscanincludealmostanykindofproduct.Normallyspecialtygoodshaveabrandnameorotherdistinguishingcharacteristics.Unsoughtgoodsareitemsaconsumerdoesnotnecessarilywantorneedormaynotevenknowabout.Promotionoradvertisingbringssuchgoodstotheconsumer’sattention.TheproductcouldbesomethingnewonthemarketastheSonyWalkmanoncewasoritmaybeafairlystandardservicesuchaslifeinsuranceforwhichmostpeoplewillusuallynotbothershopping.ThewordstaplesLine3Para.3mostprobablymeans______.
Thelargeramachineandthemorenumerousitspartsthegreaterlikelihoodofabreakdownandthemoreexpensivetorepair.Whathasbeensaidaboutmarketforcesandmanagementwasnecessarilyoversimplified.Theeconomiesofmodernindustrialnationsarelargeandverycomplex.Tobesurethereismanagementandtherearemarketforcesatworkbuttherearealsomanyotherfactorsthathelporhindereconomicfunction.Inmodernindustrialsocietiesgovernmentsplayalargerole.Thereisagreatamountofregulationmostofitmeantfortheprotectionofthepublic.Allregulationsaffectthewaybusinessesoperateoftenincreasingtheircostsandreducingtheirprofits.Lowerprofitsinturnreducetheamountofmoneywhichisknownasworkingcapitalthatacompanycanuseforexpansion.Autoemissionstandardsforinstancehavehadasignificantimpactonthemanufactureandpricingofautomobiles.Othergovernmentpoliciessuchastaxationbudgetdeficitsandregulationofthemoneysupplyhaveaneffectonhowmuchmoneyisavailableforpeopletospendongoodsandservices.Internationalcrisesandotherconditionsalsoaffecttheworkingofaneconomy.AseverefrostinBrazilcanruinacoffeecropandraisethepriceofthatcommodity.Warcancutoffthesupplyofsuchresourcesaspetroleumchromiumorcopper.IntheUnitedStatesenvironmentalprotestshaveslowedthedevelopmentofnuclearenergycapacityandtheminingofvasttractsofprotectedland.Weatheraffectsagricultureahotdrysummercandamagethewheatcrop;floodscandestroythousandsofacresofcropssuddenly;andinsectpestscandevastatecroplandwitharapidonslaught.People’sattitudesalsohaveanimpactonthemarketingofgoods.Health-consciousindividualsforexamplemaystopsmokingcurtailtheirintakeofalcoholandeatlessofcertainkindsoffood.Advertisingaffectswhatpeoplebuyanditcancreateamarketwherenoneexisted.Styleandfashionaresignificantformanyconsumers.Thereareothereconomicproblemsthataremoredifficulttounderstand.Forcenturieseconomieshavebeensubjecttoperiodsofprosperityfollowedbyperiodsofdecline.Althoughperiodsofprosperitycanbeexplainedrathereasilythereasonsforpanicsrecessionsanddepressionsareofacomplexnature.SomanyfactorscontributedtotheGreatDepressionofthe1930sforexamplethatnoeconomisthaseverbeenabletoaccountforallofthem.Becausethecausesofdeclineareuncertaintheremediesareequallyuncertain.Inthelate20thcenturyallindustrializedsocietiesthroughtheirgovernmentshavetriedtostabilizeeconomieskeepthemprosperousandreduceunemployment.Noneoftheremedieshasworkedtotheextentthatwashoped.Howeconomiesworkandwhatremediescanbefoundtokeepthemoperatingefficientlyarethetasksofeconomistswhomustworktogetherwithbusinessmenandpoliticians.Thechiefpurposeofthepassageis______.
MaintainYourJazzaxDVDPlayer ThereareafewmeasuresthatyoucantaketoensurethatyourJazzaxDVDplayerstaysintopconditionforaslongaspossible.Forthebestperformancepleaseabidebythefollowingguidelines: ...Storethemachineonaflatsurfaceandinadryarea. ...Toprotecttheelectricalcircuitdonotleavethemachineonstandbyforlongperiods. Unplugitfromtheelectricaloutletwhenyouknowyouwillnotbeusingitinthenearfuture. ...Alwaysusetheejectbuttonwhenopeningandclosingthemachine.Handlingthemachinemanuallymaycausedamagetothecomponents. ...Ifthemachinebecomesdustyordirtycleanitgentlywithadampcloth.Donotuseanychemicalagents. TheJazzaxDVDPlayersisunderwarrantyforamaximumof3years.IfyouexperienceanyproblemswiththemachinevisittheJazzaxwebsiteforcommontroubleshootingproblemsandadvice.OriftheinformationonthewebsitedoesnotmeetyourneedsyoucancalltheJazzaxservicecenterat1-800555-0786andoneofourtechnicianswillcomeandtakecareofit. Whatcancustomersreceivefromtheservicecenter
DearBusinessLeader TheWaltonChamberofCommercecordiallyinvitesyoutoaspecialfunctionontheeveningofNovember23rd.CharltonGreigpreviousCEOofIHBSecuritieswilldeliveratalkattheexclusiveMarleyboneClub.Mr.GreighaswonanumberofbusinessawardsincludingtheprestigiousWorldCommerceFederationGoldStar.Attheeventhewillsharehisamazingpersonalstorywithyououtlininghowheovercameachildhoodofpovertytobecomealeadingbusinessexecutive.Hewillalsoexpresshisopinionsonsomeofthemostimportantissuesinbusinesstoday.InadditionattendeeswillalsohavetheopportunitytochatwithMr.Greigoverdinnerafterwards. Bearinmindthatspaceatthispremiereventisextremelylimited.TheMarleyboneClubhasroomforonly50attendeessopleasecontacttheWaltonChamberofCommercesecretaryMaryEastat021990-779assoonaspossibleifyouareinterestedinattending.Entrytotheeventcosts$250perperson.Athree-coursedinnerisincludedinthepriceofadmission. Welookforwardtoseeingyouthere! TheWaltonChamberofCommerce WhatisNOTindicatedaboutthefunction
From:TomEvans To:Allattendees Subject:Conferenceprogram Dearattendees Thankyouverymuchfor21the3rdAnnualTradeMarketingConference.ThispromisestobeanexcitingandinformativeeventandIlookforwardtoseeingyouallthere. Oneofthehighlightsoftheconferencewillbethekeynoteaddressbyinternationally-renownedtrademarketingguruGusHobson.22hispresentationyouwillallhavetheopportunitytospeaktohimduringouropenQuestionandAnswerForum.Inadditiontherewillbeanumberofotherstimulatingtalks. I23afullcopyoftheprogramforyourinterestoutliningallsessiontimesandbreaks.Pleasetakethetimetolookoverthesedetailsassoonasyoucan. Regards TomEvans ConferenceManager 23
PropertyMarketDownturn Overthefirstquarterof24yeartherehasonlybeen$50millionofturnoverinthelocalrealestatemarket.Thiscomparesunfavorablewiththe$90millionrecordedatthesametimelastyear. BeverleyHauritzthechairoftheProfessionalRealtyAssociationtoldreportersthatshewasnotsurprisedbythefigureswhichshebelievesarearesultoftheglobalfinancialcrisis.25sheisanticipatinganevenbiggerdecreasenextquarterasinvestorslooktoreducespendingevenfurther. Althoughtherehasbeentalkamong26thatpropertypricesmaycontinuefallingthroughouttherestoftheyearMs.Hauritzremainsconfidentthatthepropertymarketwillbegintopickupagaininthefuture.Herpredictionisthatpriceswillreturntotheirpreviouslevelsbytheendoftheyear. 25
Thelargeramachineandthemorenumerousitspartsthegreaterlikelihoodofabreakdownandthemoreexpensivetorepair.Whathasbeensaidaboutmarketforcesandmanagementwasnecessarilyoversimplified.Theeconomiesofmodernindustrialnationsarelargeandverycomplex.Tobesurethereismanagementandtherearemarketforcesatworkbuttherearealsomanyotherfactorsthathelporhindereconomicfunction.Inmodernindustrialsocietiesgovernmentsplayalargerole.Thereisagreatamountofregulationmostofitmeantfortheprotectionofthepublic.Allregulationsaffectthewaybusinessesoperateoftenincreasingtheircostsandreducingtheirprofits.Lowerprofitsinturnreducetheamountofmoneywhichisknownasworkingcapitalthatacompanycanuseforexpansion.Autoemissionstandardsforinstancehavehadasignificantimpactonthemanufactureandpricingofautomobiles.Othergovernmentpoliciessuchastaxationbudgetdeficitsandregulationofthemoneysupplyhaveaneffectonhowmuchmoneyisavailableforpeopletospendongoodsandservices.Internationalcrisesandotherconditionsalsoaffecttheworkingofaneconomy.AseverefrostinBrazilcanruinacoffeecropandraisethepriceofthatcommodity.Warcancutoffthesupplyofsuchresourcesaspetroleumchromiumorcopper.IntheUnitedStatesenvironmentalprotestshaveslowedthedevelopmentofnuclearenergycapacityandtheminingofvasttractsofprotectedland.Weatheraffectsagricultureahotdrysummercandamagethewheatcrop;floodscandestroythousandsofacresofcropssuddenly;andinsectpestscandevastatecroplandwitharapidonslaught.People’sattitudesalsohaveanimpactonthemarketingofgoods.Health-consciousindividualsforexamplemaystopsmokingcurtailtheirintakeofalcoholandeatlessofcertainkindsoffood.Advertisingaffectswhatpeoplebuyanditcancreateamarketwherenoneexisted.Styleandfashionaresignificantformanyconsumers.Thereareothereconomicproblemsthataremoredifficulttounderstand.Forcenturieseconomieshavebeensubjecttoperiodsofprosperityfollowedbyperiodsofdecline.Althoughperiodsofprosperitycanbeexplainedrathereasilythereasonsforpanicsrecessionsanddepressionsareofacomplexnature.SomanyfactorscontributedtotheGreatDepressionofthe1930sforexamplethatnoeconomisthaseverbeenabletoaccountforallofthem.Becausethecausesofdeclineareuncertaintheremediesareequallyuncertain.Inthelate20thcenturyallindustrializedsocietiesthroughtheirgovernmentshavetriedtostabilizeeconomieskeepthemprosperousandreduceunemployment.Noneoftheremedieshasworkedtotheextentthatwashoped.Howeconomiesworkandwhatremediescanbefoundtokeepthemoperatingefficientlyarethetasksofeconomistswhomustworktogetherwithbusinessmenandpoliticians.Theauthorbelievesthattofindefficientwaysofkeepingeconomygoingeconomistshaveto______.
ShowcaseforDutchFilm MuchtothedelightoflocalcinemabuffsDutchFilmWeekiscomingtoIthacanextweek.TheserieswillkickoffonFridaynightwithaviewingofTheovanSaar’sthrillersTheBadlands.ThismoviewonprizesforBestDirectorandBestOriginalScreenplayatthe2010InternationalFilmAwards.OtherfilmsthatwillscreenthroughouttheweekincludethecomedyKeepingLipwiththeVanDijk’sfromdirectorRuudiHuytandMarcoGulit’sfromtragedyTheNighttoEndAllNights. AllofthefilmswillscreenattheLudoTheateronJustinStreet.AcopyoftheprogramcanbedownloadedfromtheLudo’swebsiteoryoucanpickonefromoutsideitsticketoffice.Thosewishingtoattendscreeningsareadvisedtobookearlyasdemandforticketsisexpectedtobehigh. DutchFilmWeekwillnotonlyshowcaseauniquetypeofcinemaitwillalsocelebrateDutchartsandculture.AccordinglytheLudowillhostanopeningceremonytomarktheopeningofthisexcitingfestival.AswellaslocalfilmenthusiaststhefunctionwillalsobeattendedbyprominentmembersoftheDutchcommunityincludingAmbassadorPaulHaajerwhoisexpectedtomakeashortspeech.Whileticketstothefirstscreeningarestillavailabletheopeningceremonyisaninvitation-onlyevent. WhoisTheovanSaar
Everyproductonthemarkethasavarietyofcostsbuiltintoitbeforeitiseverputupforsaletoacustomer.Therearecostsofproductiontransportationstorageadvertisingandmore.Eachofthesecostsmustbringinsomeprofitateachstage:truckersmustprofitfromtransportingproductsortheywouldnotbeinbusiness.Thuscostsalsoincludeseverallayersofprofits.Thesellingpriceofaproductmusttakeallofthesecostsandbuiltinprofitsintoconsideration.Thesellingpriceitselfconsistsofamarkupoverthetotalofallcostsanditisnormallybasedonapercentageofthetotalcost.Themarkupmaybequitehigh90percentofcostoritmaybelow.Groceryitemsmasupermarketusuallyhavealowmarkupwhileminkcoatshaveaveryhighone.Highmarkupshoweverdonotinthemselvesguaranteebigprofits.Profitscomefromturnover.Ifanitemhasa50percentmarkupanddoesnotsellthereisnoprofit.Butifacerealhasan8percentmarkupandsellsverywelltherearereasonableprofits.Whilemostpricingisbasedoncostfactorstherearesomeexceptions.Prestigepricingmeanssettingpricesartificiallyhighinordertoattractselectclientele.Suchpricingattemptstosuggestthatthequalityorstyleoftheproductisexceptionalorthattheitemcannotbefoundelsewhere.Storescanuseprestigepricingtoattractwealthyshoppers.Leaderpricingandbaitpricingaretheoppositesofprestigepricing.Leaderpricingmeanssettinglowpricesoncertainitemstogetpeopletocomeintothestores.Theproductssopricedarecalledlossleadersbecauselittleornoprofitcanbemadeonthem.Theprofitsaremadefromotherproductspeoplebuywhileinthestore.Baitpricingnowgenerallyconsideredillegalmeanssettingartificiallylowpricestoattractcustomers.Thestorehoweverhasnointentionofsellinggoodsatthebaitprices.Thepointistogetpeopleintothestoreandpersuadethemoftheinferiorityofthelowpriceditem.Thenahigherpriceditemispresentedasabetteralternative.Acommonretailtacticisoddpricedproducts.Forsomeproductsof$300thestorewillsetthepriceat$295or$299.95togivetheappearanceofalowerprice.Automobilesandotherhighpricedproductsareusuallypricedinthismanner.Forsomereason$7995hasmoreappealtoapotentialcarcustomerthan$8000.Bidpricingisaspecialkindofpricesetting.Itisoftenusedintheawardingofgovernmentcontracts.Severalcompaniesareaskedtosubmitbidsonajobandnormallythelowestbidderwins.Aschoolsystemmaywanttobuyalargenumberofcomputers.Severalcompaniesareaskedtosubmitpricesandtheschooldistrictwilldecideonthebestbidbasedaswellonconsiderationsofqualityandservice.Inadepartmentstorethepurposeofprestigepricing______.
Thelargeramachineandthemorenumerousitspartsthegreaterlikelihoodofabreakdownandthemoreexpensivetorepair.Whathasbeensaidaboutmarketforcesandmanagementwasnecessarilyoversimplified.Theeconomiesofmodernindustrialnationsarelargeandverycomplex.Tobesurethereismanagementandtherearemarketforcesatworkbuttherearealsomanyotherfactorsthathelporhindereconomicfunction.Inmodernindustrialsocietiesgovernmentsplayalargerole.Thereisagreatamountofregulationmostofitmeantfortheprotectionofthepublic.Allregulationsaffectthewaybusinessesoperateoftenincreasingtheircostsandreducingtheirprofits.Lowerprofitsinturnreducetheamountofmoneywhichisknownasworkingcapitalthatacompanycanuseforexpansion.Autoemissionstandardsforinstancehavehadasignificantimpactonthemanufactureandpricingofautomobiles.Othergovernmentpoliciessuchastaxationbudgetdeficitsandregulationofthemoneysupplyhaveaneffectonhowmuchmoneyisavailableforpeopletospendongoodsandservices.Internationalcrisesandotherconditionsalsoaffecttheworkingofaneconomy.AseverefrostinBrazilcanruinacoffeecropandraisethepriceofthatcommodity.Warcancutoffthesupplyofsuchresourcesaspetroleumchromiumorcopper.IntheUnitedStatesenvironmentalprotestshaveslowedthedevelopmentofnuclearenergycapacityandtheminingofvasttractsofprotectedland.Weatheraffectsagricultureahotdrysummercandamagethewheatcrop;floodscandestroythousandsofacresofcropssuddenly;andinsectpestscandevastatecroplandwitharapidonslaught.People’sattitudesalsohaveanimpactonthemarketingofgoods.Health-consciousindividualsforexamplemaystopsmokingcurtailtheirintakeofalcoholandeatlessofcertainkindsoffood.Advertisingaffectswhatpeoplebuyanditcancreateamarketwherenoneexisted.Styleandfashionaresignificantformanyconsumers.Thereareothereconomicproblemsthataremoredifficulttounderstand.Forcenturieseconomieshavebeensubjecttoperiodsofprosperityfollowedbyperiodsofdecline.Althoughperiodsofprosperitycanbeexplainedrathereasilythereasonsforpanicsrecessionsanddepressionsareofacomplexnature.SomanyfactorscontributedtotheGreatDepressionofthe1930sforexamplethatnoeconomisthaseverbeenabletoaccountforallofthem.Becausethecausesofdeclineareuncertaintheremediesareequallyuncertain.Inthelate20thcenturyallindustrializedsocietiesthroughtheirgovernmentshavetriedtostabilizeeconomieskeepthemprosperousandreduceunemployment.Noneoftheremedieshasworkedtotheextentthatwashoped.Howeconomiesworkandwhatremediescanbefoundtokeepthemoperatingefficientlyarethetasksofeconomistswhomustworktogetherwithbusinessmenandpoliticians.Theexampleofautoemissionstandardsishereusedtomakeitclearthat______.
BusinessSolutionhasbeenvotedthebestfirminsmall-businessbankingattheRegionalBankingAwardsforthe5thtimeinarow.WhatisthesecrettooursuccessTheanswerliesinourresponsiveandprofessionalservice.Werealizethatentrepreneursareextremelybusy.andthattheyhavehighlyspecializedneedssowetailorourservicesaccordingly. BusinessSolutionalsooffersahighlyadvancedonlinebankingservice.Youcantransferfundsbetweenaccountsexchangeforeigncurrencyandapplyforemergencyloansallwiththeclickofafewbuttons. MoreovereveryfirmthatjoinsBusinessSolutionsgetsitsveryownSolutionsManager.SolutionsManagersnotonlygettoknowtheircustomerspersonallytheyalsodevelopanexcellentunderstandingoftheircustomers’businesssotheycangivefastandwell-consideredadviceonallbankingmatters.SolutionsManagersareavailableandatyourservice365daysayearsoyoucancallthemwhenit’sconvenientforyouandnottheotherwayaround. TryBusinessSolutionsforabankingservicethatcaterstotheneedsofyourbusiness! WhatisNOTmentionedaboutBusinessSolutions
DearBusinessLeader TheWaltonChamberofCommercecordiallyinvitesyoutoaspecialfunctionontheeveningofNovember23rd.CharltonGreigpreviousCEOofIHBSecuritieswilldeliveratalkattheexclusiveMarleyboneClub.Mr.GreighaswonanumberofbusinessawardsincludingtheprestigiousWorldCommerceFederationGoldStar.Attheeventhewillsharehisamazingpersonalstorywithyououtlininghowheovercameachildhoodofpovertytobecomealeadingbusinessexecutive.Hewillalsoexpresshisopinionsonsomeofthemostimportantissuesinbusinesstoday.InadditionattendeeswillalsohavetheopportunitytochatwithMr.Greigoverdinnerafterwards. Bearinmindthatspaceatthispremiereventisextremelylimited.TheMarleyboneClubhasroomforonly50attendeessopleasecontacttheWaltonChamberofCommercesecretaryMaryEastat021990-779assoonaspossibleifyouareinterestedinattending.Entrytotheeventcosts$250perperson.Athree-coursedinnerisincludedinthepriceofadmission. Welookforwardtoseeingyouthere! TheWaltonChamberofCommerce WhatwilltakeplaceonNovember23rd
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