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The race to select the Beijing 2008 Olympic mascot is heating up and from all accounts the panda is ...
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假定SP表存储供应情况如下的SQL语句是用于查询产地为‘Beijing’零件号为‘P101’的
最基本的select语句可以只包括子句和子句
select,from
select,group by
select,where
select,order by
Howdifferentistheimpressionproducedby_____________
the Beijing of
the Beijing from
Beijing of
Beijing from
下列命令不能执行的是
SELECT * FROM [select]
SELECT * FROM @MyTable
SELECT * FROM [MyTable]
SELECT * FROM MyTable
Whowasitthatwonthechampioninthe______raceinBeijing
800-metre-long
800-metres-long
800metre length
800 metres length
用所给词的正确形式填空1.Ihavetwo_______dictionary.OneisEnglis
假定SP表存储供应情况如下的SQL语句是用于查询产地为‘Beijing’零件号为‘P101’的
假定SP表存储供应情况如下的SQL语句是用于查询产地为‘Beijing’零件号为‘P101’的
________isonekindofChineseculture文化.
The Beijing Opera
The beijing opera
Beijing Operas
Beijing Opera
假定SP表存储供应情况如下的SQL语句是用于查询产地为‘Beijing’零件号为‘P101’的
假定SP表存储供应情况如下的SQL语句是用于查询产地为‘Beijing’零件号为‘P101’的
YouandMeisthethemesong主题歌ofthe2008BeijingSummerOly
假定SP表存储供应情况如下的SQL语句是用于查询产地为‘Beijing’零件号为‘P101’的
TheschoolsinShanghaiarenotdifferentfrom.
Beijing schools
that of Beijing
Beijing
those in Beijing
假定SP表存储供应情况如下的SQL语句是用于查询产地为‘Beijing’零件号为‘P101’的
TheweatherinHarbiniscolderthan_____.
it in Beijing
Beijing
that in Beijing
in Beijing
假定SP表存储供应情况如下的SQL语句是用于查询产地为‘Beijing’零件号为‘P101’的
TheBeijingInternationalMarathonhasacquiredanewname
TheweatherinShanghaiisdifferentfrom.
it in Beijing
that in Beijing
that of Beijing
it of Beijing
________isonekindofChineseculture文化.
The Beijing Opera
The beijing opera
Beijing Operas
Beijing Opera
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Text4 Thosewhowelcomedtherailwaysawitasmorethanarapidandcomfortablemeansofpassing.Theyactuallysawitasafactorinworldpeace.Theydidnotforeseethattherailwaywouldbejustonemoremeansfortherapidmovementofaggressivearmies.Noneofthemforesawthatthemorewearetogether—themorechancesthereareofwar.Anyboyorgirlwhoisoneofalargefamilyknowsthat. Wheneveranynewinventionisputforwardthoseforitandthoseagainstitcanalwaysfindmedicalmentoapproveorcondemn.Theanti-railwaygroupproduceddoctorswhosaidthattunnelswouldbemostdangeroustopublichealth:theywouldproducecoldscatarrhs黏膜炎andconsumptions.Thedeafeningnoiseandtheglareoftheenginefirewouldhaveabadeffectonthenerves.Furtherbeingmovedthroughtheairatahighspeedwoulddograveinjurytodelicatelungs.Inthosewithhighbloodpressurethemovementofthetrainmightproduceapoplexy.Thesuddenplungingofatrainintothedarknessofatannelandtheequallysuddenrushintofulldaylightwouldcausegreatdamagetoeyesight.Butthepro-railwaygroupwasofcourseabletoproduceequallyfamousmedicalmentosayjusttheopposite.Theysaidthatthespeedandswingofthetrainwouldequalizethecirculationpromotedigestiontranquilizethenervesandensuregoodsleep. Theactualrolling-stockwasanythingbutcomfortable.Ifitwasatestofendurancetositforfourhoursoutsideacoachinrainorinsideindirtyairtherailwayofferedlittlemoreinthewayofcomfort.Certainlythefirst-classcarriageshadcushionedseats;butthesecond-classhadonlynarrowbareboardswhilethethird-classhadnothingatall;noseatsandnoroof;theywerejustopentrucks.Sothatthird-classpassengersgainednothingfromthefewmodeexceptspeed.Inthematterofcomfortindeedtheylost;theydidonthecoacheshaveaseatbutnowtheyhadtostandallthewaywhichgaveopportunitiestothecomicpress.Thiskindofthing:"Amanwasseenyesterdaybuyingathird-classticketforthenewLondonandBirminghamRailway.Thestateofhismindisbeingenquiredinto". Awriterintheearlydaysofrailwayswrotefeelinglyofbothsecond-andthird-classcarriages.Hemadethesuggestionthatthedirectorsoftherailwaysmusthavesentallovertheworldtofindthehardestpossiblewood.Oftheopenthird-classtruckshesaidthattheyhadthepeculiarpropertyofmeetingtherainfromwhateverquarteritcame.Hedescribedthemashorizontalshower-bathsfromwhosesearchingpowertherewasnoescape. Accordingtotheanti-railwaygroupallthefollowingsaretruebut
Text1 In1939twobrothersMacandDickMcDonaldstartedadrive-inrestaurantinSanBernadinoCalifornia.Theycarefullychoseabusycomerfortheirlocation.Theyhadruntheirownbusinessforyearsfirstatheaterthenabarbecue烤肉restaurantthenanotherdrive-in.Butintheirnewoperationtheyofferedanewshortenedmenu:Frenchfrieshamburgersandsodas.Tothissmallselectiontheyaddedonenewconcept:quickservicenowaitersorwaitressesandnotips. Theirhamburgerssoldforfifteencents.Cheesewasanotherfourcents.TheirFrenchfriesandhamburgershadaremarkableuniformityforthebrothershaddevelopedastrictroutineforthepreparationoftheirfoodandtheyinsistedontheircooks’stickingtotheirroutine.Theirnewdrive-inbecameincrediblypopularparticularlyforlunch.Peopledroveupbythehundredsduringthebusynoontime.Theserf-servicerestaurantwassopopularthatthebrothershadallowedtencopiesoftheirrestauranttobeopened.TheywerecontentwiththismodestsuccessuntiltheymetRayKroc. KrocwasasalesmanwhomettheMcDonaldbrothersin1954whenhewassellingmilkshake-mixingmachines.Hequicklysawtheuniqueappealofthebrothersfastfoodrestaurantsandboughttherighttofranchise特许经营othercopiesoftheirrestaurants.Theagreementstruckincludedtherighttoduplicatethemenu.Theequipmenteventheirredandwhitebuildingswiththegoldenarches. TodayMcDonald’sisreallyahouseholdname.ItsnamesforitssandwicheshavecometomeanhamburgerinthedecadessincethedayRayKrocwatchedpeoplerushuptoorderfifteen-centhamburgers.In1976McDonald’shadover$1billionintotalsales.Itsfirsttwenty-twoyearsisoneofthemostincrediblesuccessstoriesinmodemAmericanbusinesshistory. Asusedinthesecondsentenceofthethirdparagraphtheworduniquemeans
Digitalphotographyisstillnewenoughthatmostofushaveyettoformanopinionaboutit1developapointofview.Butthisbash’tstoppedmanyfilmandcomputerfansfromagreeing2theearlyconventionalwisdomaboutdigitalcameras—they’renea3foryouButthey’renotsuitableforeverydaypicturetaking. Thefansarewrong:Morothananythingelsedigitalcamerasareradically4whatphotographymeansandwhatitcanbe.Thevenerablemediumofphotography5weknowitisbeginningtoseemoutof6withthewaywelive.Inourcomputerandcamcorder7savingpicturesasdigital8andwatchingthemonTVisnolesspractical—andinmanywaysmore9thanfumblingwithrollsoffilmthatmustbesentofftobe10. Paperisalsoterribly11.Picturesthatareincorrectlyframed12orlightedarenonethelesscommittedtofilmandultimatelyprocessedintoprints. Thedigitalmediumchangesthe13.Stillimagesthatare14digitallycanimmediatelybeshownonacomputer15aTVscreenorasmallliquid-crystaldisplayLCDbuiltfightintothecamera.Andsincethepointsoflightthat16animagearesavedasaseriesofdigitalbitsinelectronicmemory17beingpermanentlyetchedontofilmtheycanbeerasedretouchedandtransmitted18. What’sitliketo19withoneofthesedigitalcamerasIt’salittlelikeafirstdate--excitingconfusingandfraughtwith20. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCandDonANSWERSHEET1.13
[A]We’ll"manage"Earth. [B]We’llhaveabrainroadmap. [C]We’llknowwherewecamefrom. [D]We’llclonemanyusefulcreatures. [E]We’lllivelonger120years. [F]We’llcrackthegeneticcodeandconquercancer. Itispredictedthattherewillbe5scientificbreakthroughsinthe21stcentury. 41.______. WhydoestheuniverseexistToputitanotherwaywhyistheresomethinginsteadofnothingSincethe1920sscientistshaveknowntheuniverseisexpandingwhichmeansitmusthavestartedatadefinitetimeinthepast.Theyevenhavedevelopedtheoriesthatgiveadetailedpictureoftheevolutionoftheuniversefromthetimeitwasafractionofasecondoldtothepresent.Overthenextcoupleofdecadesthesetheorieswillberefinedbydatafromextraordinarypowerfulnewtelescope.Wewillhaveabetterunderstandingofhowmatterbehavesattheunfathomablyhightemperaturesandpressuresoftheearlyuniverse. 42.______. In19th-centuryoperaswhentheheroinecoughsinthefirstacttheaudienceknowsshewilldieoftuberculosisinAct3.Butthanksto20th-centuryantibioticstheonce-dreadedonce-incurablediseasenowcanmeannothingmoreseriousthantakingsomepills.Asscientistslearnmoreaboutthegeneticcodeandthewaycellsworkatthemolecularlevelmanyseriousdiseases--cancerforon--willbecomelessthreatening.Usingmanufactured"therapeutic"virusesdoctorswillbeabletoreplacecancer-causingdamagedDNAwithhealthygenesprobablyadministeredbyapillorinjection. 43.______. Ifthenormalagingprocessisbasicallyafuriousinvisiblecontestinourcells--acontestbetweendamagetoourDNAandourceils’abilitytorepairthatdamage--thengist-centurystridesingeneticmedicinemayletuscontrolandevenreversetheprocess.Butbeforewepushscientiststodomoreconsider:DowereallywanttoliveinaworldwherenoonegrowsoldandfewchildrenarebornbecausetheplanetcanholdonlysomanypeopleWherewouldnewideascomefromWhatwouldwedowithallthatextratime 44.______. Inthenextmillenniumwe’llstoptalkingabouttheweatherbutwilldosomethingaboutit.We’llgraduallylearnhowtopredicttheeffectsofhumanactivityontheEarthitsclimateanditsecosystems.Andwiththatknowledgewillcomeanincreasingwillingnesstouseittomanagetheworkingsofourplanet. 45.______. Thisistherealfinalfrontierofthe21stcentury:Thebrainisthemostcomplexsystemweknow.Itcontainsabout100billionneuronsroughlythenumberofstarsintheMilkyWayeachconnectedtoasmanyas1000others.Earlyinthenextcenturywewilluseadvancedformsofmagneticresonanceimagingtoproducedetailedmapsoftheneuronsinoperation.We’llbeabletosaywithcertaintywhichonesareworkingwhenyoureadawordwhenyousayawordwhenyouthinkaboutawordandsoon. Maybethesethingswillcometruemaybenot.Butwecanfirmlybelievethattomorrowwillbemorebeautifulandglorious. 43
Digitalphotographyisstillnewenoughthatmostofushaveyettoformanopinionaboutit1developapointofview.Butthisbash’tstoppedmanyfilmandcomputerfansfromagreeing2theearlyconventionalwisdomaboutdigitalcameras—they’renea3foryouButthey’renotsuitableforeverydaypicturetaking. Thefansarewrong:Morothananythingelsedigitalcamerasareradically4whatphotographymeansandwhatitcanbe.Thevenerablemediumofphotography5weknowitisbeginningtoseemoutof6withthewaywelive.Inourcomputerandcamcorder7savingpicturesasdigital8andwatchingthemonTVisnolesspractical—andinmanywaysmore9thanfumblingwithrollsoffilmthatmustbesentofftobe10. Paperisalsoterribly11.Picturesthatareincorrectlyframed12orlightedarenonethelesscommittedtofilmandultimatelyprocessedintoprints. Thedigitalmediumchangesthe13.Stillimagesthatare14digitallycanimmediatelybeshownonacomputer15aTVscreenorasmallliquid-crystaldisplayLCDbuiltfightintothecamera.Andsincethepointsoflightthat16animagearesavedasaseriesofdigitalbitsinelectronicmemory17beingpermanentlyetchedontofilmtheycanbeerasedretouchedandtransmitted18. What’sitliketo19withoneofthesedigitalcamerasIt’salittlelikeafirstdate--excitingconfusingandfraughtwith20. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCandDonANSWERSHEET1.7
Digitalphotographyisstillnewenoughthatmostofushaveyettoformanopinionaboutit1developapointofview.Butthisbash’tstoppedmanyfilmandcomputerfansfromagreeing2theearlyconventionalwisdomaboutdigitalcameras—they’renea3foryouButthey’renotsuitableforeverydaypicturetaking. Thefansarewrong:Morothananythingelsedigitalcamerasareradically4whatphotographymeansandwhatitcanbe.Thevenerablemediumofphotography5weknowitisbeginningtoseemoutof6withthewaywelive.Inourcomputerandcamcorder7savingpicturesasdigital8andwatchingthemonTVisnolesspractical—andinmanywaysmore9thanfumblingwithrollsoffilmthatmustbesentofftobe10. Paperisalsoterribly11.Picturesthatareincorrectlyframed12orlightedarenonethelesscommittedtofilmandultimatelyprocessedintoprints. Thedigitalmediumchangesthe13.Stillimagesthatare14digitallycanimmediatelybeshownonacomputer15aTVscreenorasmallliquid-crystaldisplayLCDbuiltfightintothecamera.Andsincethepointsoflightthat16animagearesavedasaseriesofdigitalbitsinelectronicmemory17beingpermanentlyetchedontofilmtheycanbeerasedretouchedandtransmitted18. What’sitliketo19withoneofthesedigitalcamerasIt’salittlelikeafirstdate--excitingconfusingandfraughtwith20. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCandDonANSWERSHEET1.15
Text3 EveryonehasheardoftheSanAndreasfaultwhichconstantlythreatensCaliforniaandtheWestCoastwithearth-quakes.ButhowmanypeopleknowabouttheequallyseriousNewMadridfaultinMissouri.’ BetweenDecemberof1811andFebruaryof1812threemajorearthquakesoccurredallcenteredaroundthetownofNewMadridMissouriontheMississippiRiver.Propertydamagewassevere. Buildingsintheareawerealmostdestoyed.Wholeforestsfellatonceandhugecracksopenedinthegroundallowingsmellofsulfurtofilterupward. TheMississippiRiveritselfcompletelychangedcharacterdevelopingsuddenrapidsandwhirlpools.Severaltimesitchangeditscourseandonceaccordingtosomeobserversitactuallyappearedtorunbackwards.FewpeoplewerekilledintheNewMadridearthquakesprobablysimplybecausefewpeoplelivedintheareain1811;buttheseverityoftheearth-quakesareshownbythefactthattheshockwavesrangbellsinchurchtowersinCharlestonSouthCarolinaonthecoast.BuildingsshookinNewYorkCityandclockswerestoppedinWashingtonD.C.ScientistsnowknowthatAmerica’stwomajorfaultsareessentiallydifferent.TheSanAndreasisahorizontalboundarybetweentwomajorlandmassesthatareslowlymovinginoppositedirections.Californiaearthquakesresultwhenthemovementofthesetwomassessuddenlylurchesforward. TheNewMadridfaultontheotherhandisaverticalfault;atsomepointpossiblyhundredsofmillionsofyearsagorockwaspusheduptowardthesurfaceprobablybyvolcanoesunderthesurface.Suddenlythevolcanoescooledandtherockcollapsedleavinghugecracks.Evennow’therockcontinuestosettledownwardsandsuddensinkingmotionstriggerearthquakesintheregion.ThefaultitselfalargecrackinthislayerofrockwithdozensofothercracksthatsplitofffromitextendsfromnortheastArkansasthroughMissouriandintosouthernIllinois. ScientistswhohavestudiedtheNewMadridfaultsaytherehavebeennumeroussmallerquakesintheareasince1811;thesesmallerquakesindicatethatlargeronesareprobablycomingbutritescientistssaytheyhavenomethodofpredictingwhenalargeearthquakewilloccur. Thispassageismainlyabout
Digitalphotographyisstillnewenoughthatmostofushaveyettoformanopinionaboutit1developapointofview.Butthisbash’tstoppedmanyfilmandcomputerfansfromagreeing2theearlyconventionalwisdomaboutdigitalcameras—they’renea3foryouButthey’renotsuitableforeverydaypicturetaking. Thefansarewrong:Morothananythingelsedigitalcamerasareradically4whatphotographymeansandwhatitcanbe.Thevenerablemediumofphotography5weknowitisbeginningtoseemoutof6withthewaywelive.Inourcomputerandcamcorder7savingpicturesasdigital8andwatchingthemonTVisnolesspractical—andinmanywaysmore9thanfumblingwithrollsoffilmthatmustbesentofftobe10. Paperisalsoterribly11.Picturesthatareincorrectlyframed12orlightedarenonethelesscommittedtofilmandultimatelyprocessedintoprints. Thedigitalmediumchangesthe13.Stillimagesthatare14digitallycanimmediatelybeshownonacomputer15aTVscreenorasmallliquid-crystaldisplayLCDbuiltfightintothecamera.Andsincethepointsoflightthat16animagearesavedasaseriesofdigitalbitsinelectronicmemory17beingpermanentlyetchedontofilmtheycanbeerasedretouchedandtransmitted18. What’sitliketo19withoneofthesedigitalcamerasIt’salittlelikeafirstdate--excitingconfusingandfraughtwith20. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCandDonANSWERSHEET1.3
Text2 You’rebusyfillingouttheapplicationformforapositionyoureallyneed;let’sassumeyouonceactuallycompletedacoupleofyearsofcollegeworkoreventhatyoucompletedyourdegree. Isn’tittemptingtoliejustalittletoclaimontheformthatyourdiplomarepresentsaHarvarddegreeOrthatyoufinishedanextracoupleofyearsbackatStateUniversityMoreandmorepeopleareturningtoutterdeceptionlikethistolandtheirjobortomoveaheadintheircareersforpersonnelofficerslikemostAmericansvaluedegreesfromfamousschools.Ajobapplicantmayhaveagoodeducationanywaybutheorsheassumesthatchancesofbeinghiredarebetterwithadiplomafromawell-knownuniversity.Registrarsatmostwell-knowncollegessaytheydealwithdeceitfulclaimsliketheseattherateofaboutoneperweek. Personnelofficersdocheckupondegreeslistedonapplicationformsthenifitturnsoutthatanapplicantislyingmostcollegesarereluctanttoaccusetheapplicantdirectly.OneIvyLeagueschoolcallsthem"impostors";anotherreferstothemas"specialcases"onewell-knownWestCoastschoolinperhapsthemostdelicatephraseofallsaysthattheseclaimsaremadeby"nosuchpeople." Toavoidoutrightliessomejob-seekersclaimthatthey"attended"or"wereassociatedwith"acollegeoruniversity.Aftercarefullycheckingapersonnelofficermaydiscoverthat"attending"meansbeingdismissedafteronesemester.Itmaybethat"beingassociatedwith"acollegemeansthatthejobseekervisitedhisyoungerbrotherforafootballweekend.Oneschoolthatkeepsrecordsoffalseclaimssaysthatthepracticedatesbackatleasttotheturnofthecentury—that’swhentheybegankeepingrecordsanyhow. Ifyoudon’twanttolieorevenstretchthetruththerearecompaniesthatwillsellyouaphonydiploma.OnecompanywithofficesinNewYorkandontheWestCoastwillputyournameonadiplomafromanynumberofnonexistentcolleges.Thepricebeginsataroundtwentydollarsforadiplomafrom"SmootStateUniversity."Thepricesincreaserapidlyforadegreefromthe"UniversityofPurdue."AsthereisnoSmootStateandtherealschoolinIndianaisproperlycalledPurdueUniversitythepricesseemratherhighforonesheetofpaper. Accordingtothepassagespecialcasesreferstocaseswhere
Text1 In1939twobrothersMacandDickMcDonaldstartedadrive-inrestaurantinSanBernadinoCalifornia.Theycarefullychoseabusycomerfortheirlocation.Theyhadruntheirownbusinessforyearsfirstatheaterthenabarbecue烤肉restaurantthenanotherdrive-in.Butintheirnewoperationtheyofferedanewshortenedmenu:Frenchfrieshamburgersandsodas.Tothissmallselectiontheyaddedonenewconcept:quickservicenowaitersorwaitressesandnotips. Theirhamburgerssoldforfifteencents.Cheesewasanotherfourcents.TheirFrenchfriesandhamburgershadaremarkableuniformityforthebrothershaddevelopedastrictroutineforthepreparationoftheirfoodandtheyinsistedontheircooks’stickingtotheirroutine.Theirnewdrive-inbecameincrediblypopularparticularlyforlunch.Peopledroveupbythehundredsduringthebusynoontime.Theserf-servicerestaurantwassopopularthatthebrothershadallowedtencopiesoftheirrestauranttobeopened.TheywerecontentwiththismodestsuccessuntiltheymetRayKroc. KrocwasasalesmanwhomettheMcDonaldbrothersin1954whenhewassellingmilkshake-mixingmachines.Hequicklysawtheuniqueappealofthebrothersfastfoodrestaurantsandboughttherighttofranchise特许经营othercopiesoftheirrestaurants.Theagreementstruckincludedtherighttoduplicatethemenu.Theequipmenteventheirredandwhitebuildingswiththegoldenarches. TodayMcDonald’sisreallyahouseholdname.ItsnamesforitssandwicheshavecometomeanhamburgerinthedecadessincethedayRayKrocwatchedpeoplerushuptoorderfifteen-centhamburgers.In1976McDonald’shadover$1billionintotalsales.Itsfirsttwenty-twoyearsisoneofthemostincrediblesuccessstoriesinmodemAmericanbusinesshistory. MacandDickmanagedallofthefollowingbusinessesexcept
NearlyathirdofallAmericanworkersregularlyputinmorethan40hoursofworkaweekaccordingtoPennStateeconomistLonnieGolden.Andalmost1in5routinelyworkmorethan50hoursaweek. 46"ThedamagedonebyinvoluntaryovertimebecomesapparentinarecentCornellUniversitysurvey"theeconomistnotes."Workersreportinghighpressuretoworkovertimeexperienceddoubletheworkinjuriessufferedbythosewhowerenot." 47Apartfromnotdemandingunwarrantedovertimeworkemployerscanhelpeasesometensionsbetweenjobsandfamiliesbyadoptingflexiblepolicieslikejob-sharingflextimeandhome-basedworkthatmakeiteasierforworkerstomeetbothjobandfamilyneeds. NotsurprisinglyAmericanworkersstronglysupportsuchflexiblepractices.InfactanationalpollbyWirthlinWorldwidefoundaresounding87percentofAmericansagreethat48"Businessesshouldvoluntarilydomoretohelpstrengthentheiremployees’marriagesbyofferingflex-time/jobsharing/home-basedworkoptions." Farfrombeing"giveaway"programsfamily-friendlyworkplacepoliciesactuallylowercareerburnoutreducejobturnovereaseinterpersonalconflictandenhanceworkerproductivity.Inotherwordsflexibleworkpoliciesaregoodforthebottomline. 49WilliamPollackofHarvardUniversityreportsraisingemployeesatisfactionby20percentsometimesboostscompanyfinancialperformancemorethan40percent.ArecentDePaulUniversitystudyfoundthefinancialperformanceofthe"100BestCorporateCitizensof2002"was"significantlybetter"thantheaveragecompanylistedamongtheS&P500.Thisyear’stophonoreeinFortunemagazine’s"ListofBestPlacestoWork"--Smuckers--hasdoubleditsstockvalueinthelastfiveyears. Inahealthysocietyemploymentshouldenhancefamilylifenotimpedeit.50AsthetechnologyandcommunicationsrevolutionscontinuereshapingtheAmericanworkplacethetimehascomeforanewworkplacerevolutiontobuildontheoneUptonSinclairandothershelpedusherinacenturyago.Thisnewrevolutionwillenablemorefamily-orientedworkerstomeetboththeirpersonalandtheirprofessionalresponsibilities. 47Apartfromnotdemandingunwarrantedovertimeworkemployerscanhelpeasesometensionsbetweenjobsandfamiliesbyadoptingflexiblepolicieslikejob-sharingflextimeandhome-basedworkthatmakeiteasierforworkerstomeetbothjobandfamilyneeds.
Text2 You’rebusyfillingouttheapplicationformforapositionyoureallyneed;let’sassumeyouonceactuallycompletedacoupleofyearsofcollegeworkoreventhatyoucompletedyourdegree. Isn’tittemptingtoliejustalittletoclaimontheformthatyourdiplomarepresentsaHarvarddegreeOrthatyoufinishedanextracoupleofyearsbackatStateUniversityMoreandmorepeopleareturningtoutterdeceptionlikethistolandtheirjobortomoveaheadintheircareersforpersonnelofficerslikemostAmericansvaluedegreesfromfamousschools.Ajobapplicantmayhaveagoodeducationanywaybutheorsheassumesthatchancesofbeinghiredarebetterwithadiplomafromawell-knownuniversity.Registrarsatmostwell-knowncollegessaytheydealwithdeceitfulclaimsliketheseattherateofaboutoneperweek. Personnelofficersdocheckupondegreeslistedonapplicationformsthenifitturnsoutthatanapplicantislyingmostcollegesarereluctanttoaccusetheapplicantdirectly.OneIvyLeagueschoolcallsthem"impostors";anotherreferstothemas"specialcases"onewell-knownWestCoastschoolinperhapsthemostdelicatephraseofallsaysthattheseclaimsaremadeby"nosuchpeople." Toavoidoutrightliessomejob-seekersclaimthatthey"attended"or"wereassociatedwith"acollegeoruniversity.Aftercarefullycheckingapersonnelofficermaydiscoverthat"attending"meansbeingdismissedafteronesemester.Itmaybethat"beingassociatedwith"acollegemeansthatthejobseekervisitedhisyoungerbrotherforafootballweekend.Oneschoolthatkeepsrecordsoffalseclaimssaysthatthepracticedatesbackatleasttotheturnofthecentury—that’swhentheybegankeepingrecordsanyhow. Ifyoudon’twanttolieorevenstretchthetruththerearecompaniesthatwillsellyouaphonydiploma.OnecompanywithofficesinNewYorkandontheWestCoastwillputyournameonadiplomafromanynumberofnonexistentcolleges.Thepricebeginsataroundtwentydollarsforadiplomafrom"SmootStateUniversity."Thepricesincreaserapidlyforadegreefromthe"UniversityofPurdue."AsthereisnoSmootStateandtherealschoolinIndianaisproperlycalledPurdueUniversitythepricesseemratherhighforonesheetofpaper. Asusedinthethirdsentenceofthesecondparagraphtheworduttermeans
Digitalphotographyisstillnewenoughthatmostofushaveyettoformanopinionaboutit1developapointofview.Butthisbash’tstoppedmanyfilmandcomputerfansfromagreeing2theearlyconventionalwisdomaboutdigitalcameras—they’renea3foryouButthey’renotsuitableforeverydaypicturetaking. Thefansarewrong:Morothananythingelsedigitalcamerasareradically4whatphotographymeansandwhatitcanbe.Thevenerablemediumofphotography5weknowitisbeginningtoseemoutof6withthewaywelive.Inourcomputerandcamcorder7savingpicturesasdigital8andwatchingthemonTVisnolesspractical—andinmanywaysmore9thanfumblingwithrollsoffilmthatmustbesentofftobe10. Paperisalsoterribly11.Picturesthatareincorrectlyframed12orlightedarenonethelesscommittedtofilmandultimatelyprocessedintoprints. Thedigitalmediumchangesthe13.Stillimagesthatare14digitallycanimmediatelybeshownonacomputer15aTVscreenorasmallliquid-crystaldisplayLCDbuiltfightintothecamera.Andsincethepointsoflightthat16animagearesavedasaseriesofdigitalbitsinelectronicmemory17beingpermanentlyetchedontofilmtheycanbeerasedretouchedandtransmitted18. What’sitliketo19withoneofthesedigitalcamerasIt’salittlelikeafirstdate--excitingconfusingandfraughtwith20. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCandDonANSWERSHEET1.5
Directions: YouarethemanagerofanaccountingcompanyandnowyouneedtorecommendMr.WangLiwhooriginallywasanaccountantinyourcompanytoanotheraccountingoffice.Writealettertothedirectoroftheofficewhichshouldinclude: 1therelationshipbetweenMr.WangLiandyou 2abriefintroductionofhiscapabilitiesandpersonalities 3theproposaltoemployhim. Youshouldwrite100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use"LiMing"instead.Youdonotneedtowriteyouraddress.
Text4 Thosewhowelcomedtherailwaysawitasmorethanarapidandcomfortablemeansofpassing.Theyactuallysawitasafactorinworldpeace.Theydidnotforeseethattherailwaywouldbejustonemoremeansfortherapidmovementofaggressivearmies.Noneofthemforesawthatthemorewearetogether—themorechancesthereareofwar.Anyboyorgirlwhoisoneofalargefamilyknowsthat. Wheneveranynewinventionisputforwardthoseforitandthoseagainstitcanalwaysfindmedicalmentoapproveorcondemn.Theanti-railwaygroupproduceddoctorswhosaidthattunnelswouldbemostdangeroustopublichealth:theywouldproducecoldscatarrhs黏膜炎andconsumptions.Thedeafeningnoiseandtheglareoftheenginefirewouldhaveabadeffectonthenerves.Furtherbeingmovedthroughtheairatahighspeedwoulddograveinjurytodelicatelungs.Inthosewithhighbloodpressurethemovementofthetrainmightproduceapoplexy.Thesuddenplungingofatrainintothedarknessofatannelandtheequallysuddenrushintofulldaylightwouldcausegreatdamagetoeyesight.Butthepro-railwaygroupwasofcourseabletoproduceequallyfamousmedicalmentosayjusttheopposite.Theysaidthatthespeedandswingofthetrainwouldequalizethecirculationpromotedigestiontranquilizethenervesandensuregoodsleep. Theactualrolling-stockwasanythingbutcomfortable.Ifitwasatestofendurancetositforfourhoursoutsideacoachinrainorinsideindirtyairtherailwayofferedlittlemoreinthewayofcomfort.Certainlythefirst-classcarriageshadcushionedseats;butthesecond-classhadonlynarrowbareboardswhilethethird-classhadnothingatall;noseatsandnoroof;theywerejustopentrucks.Sothatthird-classpassengersgainednothingfromthefewmodeexceptspeed.Inthematterofcomfortindeedtheylost;theydidonthecoacheshaveaseatbutnowtheyhadtostandallthewaywhichgaveopportunitiestothecomicpress.Thiskindofthing:"Amanwasseenyesterdaybuyingathird-classticketforthenewLondonandBirminghamRailway.Thestateofhismindisbeingenquiredinto". Awriterintheearlydaysofrailwayswrotefeelinglyofbothsecond-andthird-classcarriages.Hemadethesuggestionthatthedirectorsoftherailwaysmusthavesentallovertheworldtofindthehardestpossiblewood.Oftheopenthird-classtruckshesaidthattheyhadthepeculiarpropertyofmeetingtherainfromwhateverquarteritcame.Hedescribedthemashorizontalshower-bathsfromwhosesearchingpowertherewasnoescape. Allboysandgirlsinlargefamiliesknowthat
41____________Manyoftheoptionshavealreadybeenrehearsedinthepress:excludingsometreatmentsfromtheNHSchargingforcertaindrugsandservicesanddevelopingvoluntaryorcompulsoryhealthinsuranceschemes. 42____________Wespendabout7percentofGDPonhealthcomparedwith9percentintheNetherlandsand10percentinFranceandGermany.Intermsofhealthoutcomesversusspendwecompareprettyfavourably. Idon’tseeprivatehealthcareprovidingmuchofthesolutiontocurrentproblems.43____________Neitherisclosetobeingimplementedbutthefuturecouldseeadeliberateshiftofattentiontovoluntaryhealthinsuranceandanemphasisonsocialinsurance. 44____________Evensohighertaxeswillplainlybeneededtofundhealthcare.Ithinkwe’lleventuallyseelargerNHSchargesmorerationingofmedicalservicesandrestrictionsoncertainprocedureswithoutprovenoutcomes.Strictereligibilitycriteriaforcertaintreatmentsareanotherpossibility. 45____________.Noneofthemisgoingtowinvotesforthepoliticalpartydesperateenoughtointroducethem—butthennobodyisgoingtovoteforill—healthoranearlydeatheither. [A]EnglishNationalHealthServiceisauniversalhealthkeepingsystem.ButNowtheshortageofmoneybecomesaseriousproblem. [B]Allsuchoptionswouldmeanasharpbreakwithtraditionandpoliticalfalloutthatcouldbeextremelydamaging. [C]Theoptionsprovidessolutiontotheshortageofmoneyproblem. [D]Iexpectindividualstotakegreaterresponsibilityfortheirpersonalhealthusingtechnologythatallowsselfdiag-nosisfollowedbyserf-treatmentorhomecare. [E]Lookingathowfarwe’11beabletofundtheHealthServiceinthe21stcenturyraisesanynumberofthornyis-sues. [F]Morelikelyisashiftfromuniversalhealthcoveragetotopupschemeswhichgivepeoplebasichealthentitlementsbutrequirethemtofinanceothertreatmentthroughprivatefinancingoroptoutschemeswhichusetaxrelieftoencourageindividualstomakeprivateprovision. [G]ComparedtoitsEuropeanUnioncounterpartsBritain.operatesalowcosthealthsystem. 43
Digitalphotographyisstillnewenoughthatmostofushaveyettoformanopinionaboutit1developapointofview.Butthisbash’tstoppedmanyfilmandcomputerfansfromagreeing2theearlyconventionalwisdomaboutdigitalcameras—they’renea3foryouButthey’renotsuitableforeverydaypicturetaking. Thefansarewrong:Morothananythingelsedigitalcamerasareradically4whatphotographymeansandwhatitcanbe.Thevenerablemediumofphotography5weknowitisbeginningtoseemoutof6withthewaywelive.Inourcomputerandcamcorder7savingpicturesasdigital8andwatchingthemonTVisnolesspractical—andinmanywaysmore9thanfumblingwithrollsoffilmthatmustbesentofftobe10. Paperisalsoterribly11.Picturesthatareincorrectlyframed12orlightedarenonethelesscommittedtofilmandultimatelyprocessedintoprints. Thedigitalmediumchangesthe13.Stillimagesthatare14digitallycanimmediatelybeshownonacomputer15aTVscreenorasmallliquid-crystaldisplayLCDbuiltfightintothecamera.Andsincethepointsoflightthat16animagearesavedasaseriesofdigitalbitsinelectronicmemory17beingpermanentlyetchedontofilmtheycanbeerasedretouchedandtransmitted18. What’sitliketo19withoneofthesedigitalcamerasIt’salittlelikeafirstdate--excitingconfusingandfraughtwith20. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCandDonANSWERSHEET1.11
Digitalphotographyisstillnewenoughthatmostofushaveyettoformanopinionaboutit1developapointofview.Butthisbash’tstoppedmanyfilmandcomputerfansfromagreeing2theearlyconventionalwisdomaboutdigitalcameras—they’renea3foryouButthey’renotsuitableforeverydaypicturetaking. Thefansarewrong:Morothananythingelsedigitalcamerasareradically4whatphotographymeansandwhatitcanbe.Thevenerablemediumofphotography5weknowitisbeginningtoseemoutof6withthewaywelive.Inourcomputerandcamcorder7savingpicturesasdigital8andwatchingthemonTVisnolesspractical—andinmanywaysmore9thanfumblingwithrollsoffilmthatmustbesentofftobe10. Paperisalsoterribly11.Picturesthatareincorrectlyframed12orlightedarenonethelesscommittedtofilmandultimatelyprocessedintoprints. Thedigitalmediumchangesthe13.Stillimagesthatare14digitallycanimmediatelybeshownonacomputer15aTVscreenorasmallliquid-crystaldisplayLCDbuiltfightintothecamera.Andsincethepointsoflightthat16animagearesavedasaseriesofdigitalbitsinelectronicmemory17beingpermanentlyetchedontofilmtheycanbeerasedretouchedandtransmitted18. What’sitliketo19withoneofthesedigitalcamerasIt’salittlelikeafirstdate--excitingconfusingandfraughtwith20. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCandDonANSWERSHEET1.17
Text1 In1939twobrothersMacandDickMcDonaldstartedadrive-inrestaurantinSanBernadinoCalifornia.Theycarefullychoseabusycomerfortheirlocation.Theyhadruntheirownbusinessforyearsfirstatheaterthenabarbecue烤肉restaurantthenanotherdrive-in.Butintheirnewoperationtheyofferedanewshortenedmenu:Frenchfrieshamburgersandsodas.Tothissmallselectiontheyaddedonenewconcept:quickservicenowaitersorwaitressesandnotips. Theirhamburgerssoldforfifteencents.Cheesewasanotherfourcents.TheirFrenchfriesandhamburgershadaremarkableuniformityforthebrothershaddevelopedastrictroutineforthepreparationoftheirfoodandtheyinsistedontheircooks’stickingtotheirroutine.Theirnewdrive-inbecameincrediblypopularparticularlyforlunch.Peopledroveupbythehundredsduringthebusynoontime.Theserf-servicerestaurantwassopopularthatthebrothershadallowedtencopiesoftheirrestauranttobeopened.TheywerecontentwiththismodestsuccessuntiltheymetRayKroc. KrocwasasalesmanwhomettheMcDonaldbrothersin1954whenhewassellingmilkshake-mixingmachines.Hequicklysawtheuniqueappealofthebrothersfastfoodrestaurantsandboughttherighttofranchise特许经营othercopiesoftheirrestaurants.Theagreementstruckincludedtherighttoduplicatethemenu.Theequipmenteventheirredandwhitebuildingswiththegoldenarches. TodayMcDonald’sisreallyahouseholdname.ItsnamesforitssandwicheshavecometomeanhamburgerinthedecadessincethedayRayKrocwatchedpeoplerushuptoorderfifteen-centhamburgers.In1976McDonald’shadover$1billionintotalsales.Itsfirsttwenty-twoyearsisoneofthemostincrediblesuccessstoriesinmodemAmericanbusinesshistory. Wemayinferfromthispassagethat
Text3 EveryonehasheardoftheSanAndreasfaultwhichconstantlythreatensCaliforniaandtheWestCoastwithearth-quakes.ButhowmanypeopleknowabouttheequallyseriousNewMadridfaultinMissouri.’ BetweenDecemberof1811andFebruaryof1812threemajorearthquakesoccurredallcenteredaroundthetownofNewMadridMissouriontheMississippiRiver.Propertydamagewassevere. Buildingsintheareawerealmostdestoyed.Wholeforestsfellatonceandhugecracksopenedinthegroundallowingsmellofsulfurtofilterupward. TheMississippiRiveritselfcompletelychangedcharacterdevelopingsuddenrapidsandwhirlpools.Severaltimesitchangeditscourseandonceaccordingtosomeobserversitactuallyappearedtorunbackwards.FewpeoplewerekilledintheNewMadridearthquakesprobablysimplybecausefewpeoplelivedintheareain1811;buttheseverityoftheearth-quakesareshownbythefactthattheshockwavesrangbellsinchurchtowersinCharlestonSouthCarolinaonthecoast.BuildingsshookinNewYorkCityandclockswerestoppedinWashingtonD.C.ScientistsnowknowthatAmerica’stwomajorfaultsareessentiallydifferent.TheSanAndreasisahorizontalboundarybetweentwomajorlandmassesthatareslowlymovinginoppositedirections.Californiaearthquakesresultwhenthemovementofthesetwomassessuddenlylurchesforward. TheNewMadridfaultontheotherhandisaverticalfault;atsomepointpossiblyhundredsofmillionsofyearsagorockwaspusheduptowardthesurfaceprobablybyvolcanoesunderthesurface.Suddenlythevolcanoescooledandtherockcollapsedleavinghugecracks.Evennow’therockcontinuestosettledownwardsandsuddensinkingmotionstriggerearthquakesintheregion.ThefaultitselfalargecrackinthislayerofrockwithdozensofothercracksthatsplitofffromitextendsfromnortheastArkansasthroughMissouriandintosouthernIllinois. ScientistswhohavestudiedtheNewMadridfaultsaytherehavebeennumeroussmallerquakesintheareasince1811;thesesmallerquakesindicatethatlargeronesareprobablycomingbutritescientistssaytheyhavenomethodofpredictingwhenalargeearthquakewilloccur. Asusedinthefifthsentenceofthefourthparagraphthewordessentiallymeans
NearlyathirdofallAmericanworkersregularlyputinmorethan40hoursofworkaweekaccordingtoPennStateeconomistLonnieGolden.Andalmost1in5routinelyworkmorethan50hoursaweek. 46"ThedamagedonebyinvoluntaryovertimebecomesapparentinarecentCornellUniversitysurvey"theeconomistnotes."Workersreportinghighpressuretoworkovertimeexperienceddoubletheworkinjuriessufferedbythosewhowerenot." 47Apartfromnotdemandingunwarrantedovertimeworkemployerscanhelpeasesometensionsbetweenjobsandfamiliesbyadoptingflexiblepolicieslikejob-sharingflextimeandhome-basedworkthatmakeiteasierforworkerstomeetbothjobandfamilyneeds. NotsurprisinglyAmericanworkersstronglysupportsuchflexiblepractices.InfactanationalpollbyWirthlinWorldwidefoundaresounding87percentofAmericansagreethat48"Businessesshouldvoluntarilydomoretohelpstrengthentheiremployees’marriagesbyofferingflex-time/jobsharing/home-basedworkoptions." Farfrombeing"giveaway"programsfamily-friendlyworkplacepoliciesactuallylowercareerburnoutreducejobturnovereaseinterpersonalconflictandenhanceworkerproductivity.Inotherwordsflexibleworkpoliciesaregoodforthebottomline. 49WilliamPollackofHarvardUniversityreportsraisingemployeesatisfactionby20percentsometimesboostscompanyfinancialperformancemorethan40percent.ArecentDePaulUniversitystudyfoundthefinancialperformanceofthe"100BestCorporateCitizensof2002"was"significantlybetter"thantheaveragecompanylistedamongtheS&P500.Thisyear’stophonoreeinFortunemagazine’s"ListofBestPlacestoWork"--Smuckers--hasdoubleditsstockvalueinthelastfiveyears. Inahealthysocietyemploymentshouldenhancefamilylifenotimpedeit.50AsthetechnologyandcommunicationsrevolutionscontinuereshapingtheAmericanworkplacethetimehascomeforanewworkplacerevolutiontobuildontheoneUptonSinclairandothershelpedusherinacenturyago.Thisnewrevolutionwillenablemorefamily-orientedworkerstomeetboththeirpersonalandtheirprofessionalresponsibilities. 49WilliamPollackofHarvardUniversityreportsraisingemployeesatisfactionby20percentsometimesboostscompanyfinancialperformancemorethan40percent.
[A]We’ll"manage"Earth. [B]We’llhaveabrainroadmap. [C]We’llknowwherewecamefrom. [D]We’llclonemanyusefulcreatures. [E]We’lllivelonger120years. [F]We’llcrackthegeneticcodeandconquercancer. Itispredictedthattherewillbe5scientificbreakthroughsinthe21stcentury. 41.______. WhydoestheuniverseexistToputitanotherwaywhyistheresomethinginsteadofnothingSincethe1920sscientistshaveknowntheuniverseisexpandingwhichmeansitmusthavestartedatadefinitetimeinthepast.Theyevenhavedevelopedtheoriesthatgiveadetailedpictureoftheevolutionoftheuniversefromthetimeitwasafractionofasecondoldtothepresent.Overthenextcoupleofdecadesthesetheorieswillberefinedbydatafromextraordinarypowerfulnewtelescope.Wewillhaveabetterunderstandingofhowmatterbehavesattheunfathomablyhightemperaturesandpressuresoftheearlyuniverse. 42.______. In19th-centuryoperaswhentheheroinecoughsinthefirstacttheaudienceknowsshewilldieoftuberculosisinAct3.Butthanksto20th-centuryantibioticstheonce-dreadedonce-incurablediseasenowcanmeannothingmoreseriousthantakingsomepills.Asscientistslearnmoreaboutthegeneticcodeandthewaycellsworkatthemolecularlevelmanyseriousdiseases--cancerforon--willbecomelessthreatening.Usingmanufactured"therapeutic"virusesdoctorswillbeabletoreplacecancer-causingdamagedDNAwithhealthygenesprobablyadministeredbyapillorinjection. 43.______. Ifthenormalagingprocessisbasicallyafuriousinvisiblecontestinourcells--acontestbetweendamagetoourDNAandourceils’abilitytorepairthatdamage--thengist-centurystridesingeneticmedicinemayletuscontrolandevenreversetheprocess.Butbeforewepushscientiststodomoreconsider:DowereallywanttoliveinaworldwherenoonegrowsoldandfewchildrenarebornbecausetheplanetcanholdonlysomanypeopleWherewouldnewideascomefromWhatwouldwedowithallthatextratime 44.______. Inthenextmillenniumwe’llstoptalkingabouttheweatherbutwilldosomethingaboutit.We’llgraduallylearnhowtopredicttheeffectsofhumanactivityontheEarthitsclimateanditsecosystems.Andwiththatknowledgewillcomeanincreasingwillingnesstouseittomanagetheworkingsofourplanet. 45.______. Thisistherealfinalfrontierofthe21stcentury:Thebrainisthemostcomplexsystemweknow.Itcontainsabout100billionneuronsroughlythenumberofstarsintheMilkyWayeachconnectedtoasmanyas1000others.Earlyinthenextcenturywewilluseadvancedformsofmagneticresonanceimagingtoproducedetailedmapsoftheneuronsinoperation.We’llbeabletosaywithcertaintywhichonesareworkingwhenyoureadawordwhenyousayawordwhenyouthinkaboutawordandsoon. Maybethesethingswillcometruemaybenot.Butwecanfirmlybelievethattomorrowwillbemorebeautifulandglorious. 45
41____________Manyoftheoptionshavealreadybeenrehearsedinthepress:excludingsometreatmentsfromtheNHSchargingforcertaindrugsandservicesanddevelopingvoluntaryorcompulsoryhealthinsuranceschemes. 42____________Wespendabout7percentofGDPonhealthcomparedwith9percentintheNetherlandsand10percentinFranceandGermany.Intermsofhealthoutcomesversusspendwecompareprettyfavourably. Idon’tseeprivatehealthcareprovidingmuchofthesolutiontocurrentproblems.43____________Neitherisclosetobeingimplementedbutthefuturecouldseeadeliberateshiftofattentiontovoluntaryhealthinsuranceandanemphasisonsocialinsurance. 44____________Evensohighertaxeswillplainlybeneededtofundhealthcare.Ithinkwe’lleventuallyseelargerNHSchargesmorerationingofmedicalservicesandrestrictionsoncertainprocedureswithoutprovenoutcomes.Strictereligibilitycriteriaforcertaintreatmentsareanotherpossibility. 45____________.Noneofthemisgoingtowinvotesforthepoliticalpartydesperateenoughtointroducethem—butthennobodyisgoingtovoteforill—healthoranearlydeatheither. [A]EnglishNationalHealthServiceisauniversalhealthkeepingsystem.ButNowtheshortageofmoneybecomesaseriousproblem. [B]Allsuchoptionswouldmeanasharpbreakwithtraditionandpoliticalfalloutthatcouldbeextremelydamaging. [C]Theoptionsprovidessolutiontotheshortageofmoneyproblem. [D]Iexpectindividualstotakegreaterresponsibilityfortheirpersonalhealthusingtechnologythatallowsselfdiag-nosisfollowedbyserf-treatmentorhomecare. [E]Lookingathowfarwe’11beabletofundtheHealthServiceinthe21stcenturyraisesanynumberofthornyis-sues. [F]Morelikelyisashiftfromuniversalhealthcoveragetotopupschemeswhichgivepeoplebasichealthentitlementsbutrequirethemtofinanceothertreatmentthroughprivatefinancingoroptoutschemeswhichusetaxrelieftoencourageindividualstomakeprivateprovision. [G]ComparedtoitsEuropeanUnioncounterpartsBritain.operatesalowcosthealthsystem. 41
Digitalphotographyisstillnewenoughthatmostofushaveyettoformanopinionaboutit1developapointofview.Butthisbash’tstoppedmanyfilmandcomputerfansfromagreeing2theearlyconventionalwisdomaboutdigitalcameras—they’renea3foryouButthey’renotsuitableforeverydaypicturetaking. Thefansarewrong:Morothananythingelsedigitalcamerasareradically4whatphotographymeansandwhatitcanbe.Thevenerablemediumofphotography5weknowitisbeginningtoseemoutof6withthewaywelive.Inourcomputerandcamcorder7savingpicturesasdigital8andwatchingthemonTVisnolesspractical—andinmanywaysmore9thanfumblingwithrollsoffilmthatmustbesentofftobe10. Paperisalsoterribly11.Picturesthatareincorrectlyframed12orlightedarenonethelesscommittedtofilmandultimatelyprocessedintoprints. Thedigitalmediumchangesthe13.Stillimagesthatare14digitallycanimmediatelybeshownonacomputer15aTVscreenorasmallliquid-crystaldisplayLCDbuiltfightintothecamera.Andsincethepointsoflightthat16animagearesavedasaseriesofdigitalbitsinelectronicmemory17beingpermanentlyetchedontofilmtheycanbeerasedretouchedandtransmitted18. What’sitliketo19withoneofthesedigitalcamerasIt’salittlelikeafirstdate--excitingconfusingandfraughtwith20. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCandDonANSWERSHEET1.9
41____________Manyoftheoptionshavealreadybeenrehearsedinthepress:excludingsometreatmentsfromtheNHSchargingforcertaindrugsandservicesanddevelopingvoluntaryorcompulsoryhealthinsuranceschemes. 42____________Wespendabout7percentofGDPonhealthcomparedwith9percentintheNetherlandsand10percentinFranceandGermany.Intermsofhealthoutcomesversusspendwecompareprettyfavourably. Idon’tseeprivatehealthcareprovidingmuchofthesolutiontocurrentproblems.43____________Neitherisclosetobeingimplementedbutthefuturecouldseeadeliberateshiftofattentiontovoluntaryhealthinsuranceandanemphasisonsocialinsurance. 44____________Evensohighertaxeswillplainlybeneededtofundhealthcare.Ithinkwe’lleventuallyseelargerNHSchargesmorerationingofmedicalservicesandrestrictionsoncertainprocedureswithoutprovenoutcomes.Strictereligibilitycriteriaforcertaintreatmentsareanotherpossibility. 45____________.Noneofthemisgoingtowinvotesforthepoliticalpartydesperateenoughtointroducethem—butthennobodyisgoingtovoteforill—healthoranearlydeatheither. [A]EnglishNationalHealthServiceisauniversalhealthkeepingsystem.ButNowtheshortageofmoneybecomesaseriousproblem. [B]Allsuchoptionswouldmeanasharpbreakwithtraditionandpoliticalfalloutthatcouldbeextremelydamaging. [C]Theoptionsprovidessolutiontotheshortageofmoneyproblem. [D]Iexpectindividualstotakegreaterresponsibilityfortheirpersonalhealthusingtechnologythatallowsselfdiag-nosisfollowedbyserf-treatmentorhomecare. [E]Lookingathowfarwe’11beabletofundtheHealthServiceinthe21stcenturyraisesanynumberofthornyis-sues. [F]Morelikelyisashiftfromuniversalhealthcoveragetotopupschemeswhichgivepeoplebasichealthentitlementsbutrequirethemtofinanceothertreatmentthroughprivatefinancingoroptoutschemeswhichusetaxrelieftoencourageindividualstomakeprivateprovision. [G]ComparedtoitsEuropeanUnioncounterpartsBritain.operatesalowcosthealthsystem. 45
Digitalphotographyisstillnewenoughthatmostofushaveyettoformanopinionaboutit1developapointofview.Butthisbash’tstoppedmanyfilmandcomputerfansfromagreeing2theearlyconventionalwisdomaboutdigitalcameras—they’renea3foryouButthey’renotsuitableforeverydaypicturetaking. Thefansarewrong:Morothananythingelsedigitalcamerasareradically4whatphotographymeansandwhatitcanbe.Thevenerablemediumofphotography5weknowitisbeginningtoseemoutof6withthewaywelive.Inourcomputerandcamcorder7savingpicturesasdigital8andwatchingthemonTVisnolesspractical—andinmanywaysmore9thanfumblingwithrollsoffilmthatmustbesentofftobe10. Paperisalsoterribly11.Picturesthatareincorrectlyframed12orlightedarenonethelesscommittedtofilmandultimatelyprocessedintoprints. Thedigitalmediumchangesthe13.Stillimagesthatare14digitallycanimmediatelybeshownonacomputer15aTVscreenorasmallliquid-crystaldisplayLCDbuiltfightintothecamera.Andsincethepointsoflightthat16animagearesavedasaseriesofdigitalbitsinelectronicmemory17beingpermanentlyetchedontofilmtheycanbeerasedretouchedandtransmitted18. What’sitliketo19withoneofthesedigitalcamerasIt’salittlelikeafirstdate--excitingconfusingandfraughtwith20. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCandDonANSWERSHEET1.19
[A]We’ll"manage"Earth. [B]We’llhaveabrainroadmap. [C]We’llknowwherewecamefrom. [D]We’llclonemanyusefulcreatures. [E]We’lllivelonger120years. [F]We’llcrackthegeneticcodeandconquercancer. Itispredictedthattherewillbe5scientificbreakthroughsinthe21stcentury. 41.______. WhydoestheuniverseexistToputitanotherwaywhyistheresomethinginsteadofnothingSincethe1920sscientistshaveknowntheuniverseisexpandingwhichmeansitmusthavestartedatadefinitetimeinthepast.Theyevenhavedevelopedtheoriesthatgiveadetailedpictureoftheevolutionoftheuniversefromthetimeitwasafractionofasecondoldtothepresent.Overthenextcoupleofdecadesthesetheorieswillberefinedbydatafromextraordinarypowerfulnewtelescope.Wewillhaveabetterunderstandingofhowmatterbehavesattheunfathomablyhightemperaturesandpressuresoftheearlyuniverse. 42.______. In19th-centuryoperaswhentheheroinecoughsinthefirstacttheaudienceknowsshewilldieoftuberculosisinAct3.Butthanksto20th-centuryantibioticstheonce-dreadedonce-incurablediseasenowcanmeannothingmoreseriousthantakingsomepills.Asscientistslearnmoreaboutthegeneticcodeandthewaycellsworkatthemolecularlevelmanyseriousdiseases--cancerforon--willbecomelessthreatening.Usingmanufactured"therapeutic"virusesdoctorswillbeabletoreplacecancer-causingdamagedDNAwithhealthygenesprobablyadministeredbyapillorinjection. 43.______. Ifthenormalagingprocessisbasicallyafuriousinvisiblecontestinourcells--acontestbetweendamagetoourDNAandourceils’abilitytorepairthatdamage--thengist-centurystridesingeneticmedicinemayletuscontrolandevenreversetheprocess.Butbeforewepushscientiststodomoreconsider:DowereallywanttoliveinaworldwherenoonegrowsoldandfewchildrenarebornbecausetheplanetcanholdonlysomanypeopleWherewouldnewideascomefromWhatwouldwedowithallthatextratime 44.______. Inthenextmillenniumwe’llstoptalkingabouttheweatherbutwilldosomethingaboutit.We’llgraduallylearnhowtopredicttheeffectsofhumanactivityontheEarthitsclimateanditsecosystems.Andwiththatknowledgewillcomeanincreasingwillingnesstouseittomanagetheworkingsofourplanet. 45.______. Thisistherealfinalfrontierofthe21stcentury:Thebrainisthemostcomplexsystemweknow.Itcontainsabout100billionneuronsroughlythenumberofstarsintheMilkyWayeachconnectedtoasmanyas1000others.Earlyinthenextcenturywewilluseadvancedformsofmagneticresonanceimagingtoproducedetailedmapsoftheneuronsinoperation.We’llbeabletosaywithcertaintywhichonesareworkingwhenyoureadawordwhenyousayawordwhenyouthinkaboutawordandsoon. Maybethesethingswillcometruemaybenot.Butwecanfirmlybelievethattomorrowwillbemorebeautifulandglorious. 41
Digitalphotographyisstillnewenoughthatmostofushaveyettoformanopinionaboutit1developapointofview.Butthisbash’tstoppedmanyfilmandcomputerfansfromagreeing2theearlyconventionalwisdomaboutdigitalcameras—they’renea3foryouButthey’renotsuitableforeverydaypicturetaking. Thefansarewrong:Morothananythingelsedigitalcamerasareradically4whatphotographymeansandwhatitcanbe.Thevenerablemediumofphotography5weknowitisbeginningtoseemoutof6withthewaywelive.Inourcomputerandcamcorder7savingpicturesasdigital8andwatchingthemonTVisnolesspractical—andinmanywaysmore9thanfumblingwithrollsoffilmthatmustbesentofftobe10. Paperisalsoterribly11.Picturesthatareincorrectlyframed12orlightedarenonethelesscommittedtofilmandultimatelyprocessedintoprints. Thedigitalmediumchangesthe13.Stillimagesthatare14digitallycanimmediatelybeshownonacomputer15aTVscreenorasmallliquid-crystaldisplayLCDbuiltfightintothecamera.Andsincethepointsoflightthat16animagearesavedasaseriesofdigitalbitsinelectronicmemory17beingpermanentlyetchedontofilmtheycanbeerasedretouchedandtransmitted18. What’sitliketo19withoneofthesedigitalcamerasIt’salittlelikeafirstdate--excitingconfusingandfraughtwith20. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCandDonANSWERSHEET1.1
Text3 EveryonehasheardoftheSanAndreasfaultwhichconstantlythreatensCaliforniaandtheWestCoastwithearth-quakes.ButhowmanypeopleknowabouttheequallyseriousNewMadridfaultinMissouri.’ BetweenDecemberof1811andFebruaryof1812threemajorearthquakesoccurredallcenteredaroundthetownofNewMadridMissouriontheMississippiRiver.Propertydamagewassevere. Buildingsintheareawerealmostdestoyed.Wholeforestsfellatonceandhugecracksopenedinthegroundallowingsmellofsulfurtofilterupward. TheMississippiRiveritselfcompletelychangedcharacterdevelopingsuddenrapidsandwhirlpools.Severaltimesitchangeditscourseandonceaccordingtosomeobserversitactuallyappearedtorunbackwards.FewpeoplewerekilledintheNewMadridearthquakesprobablysimplybecausefewpeoplelivedintheareain1811;buttheseverityoftheearth-quakesareshownbythefactthattheshockwavesrangbellsinchurchtowersinCharlestonSouthCarolinaonthecoast.BuildingsshookinNewYorkCityandclockswerestoppedinWashingtonD.C.ScientistsnowknowthatAmerica’stwomajorfaultsareessentiallydifferent.TheSanAndreasisahorizontalboundarybetweentwomajorlandmassesthatareslowlymovinginoppositedirections.Californiaearthquakesresultwhenthemovementofthesetwomassessuddenlylurchesforward. TheNewMadridfaultontheotherhandisaverticalfault;atsomepointpossiblyhundredsofmillionsofyearsagorockwaspusheduptowardthesurfaceprobablybyvolcanoesunderthesurface.Suddenlythevolcanoescooledandtherockcollapsedleavinghugecracks.Evennow’therockcontinuestosettledownwardsandsuddensinkingmotionstriggerearthquakesintheregion.ThefaultitselfalargecrackinthislayerofrockwithdozensofothercracksthatsplitofffromitextendsfromnortheastArkansasthroughMissouriandintosouthernIllinois. ScientistswhohavestudiedtheNewMadridfaultsaytherehavebeennumeroussmallerquakesintheareasince1811;thesesmallerquakesindicatethatlargeronesareprobablycomingbutritescientistssaytheyhavenomethodofpredictingwhenalargeearthquakewilloccur. TheNewMadridfaultis
Text4 Morepeoplethaneverbeforeareembarkingontheirownenterpriseadventureandstartingtheirownbusiness.Nearly400000companieswereestablishedlastyearor35percentmorethanin2002. Butofficialstatisticsalsoshowthatmorebusinessesthaneverarefailing.Lastyeararecord40000businessesweredeclaredinsolvent. Withsomanybusinessesfailingitisimportantifyouarethinkingofstartingabusinesstoplanandprepareproperly.Thiswillalsoincreasethechancesofsecuringfinance. "Oneofthekeypartsofstartingabusinessisensuringthattheoriginalideaisdevelopedintoafullyviableproductorservice"JudithRutherfordthechiefexecutiveofBusinessLinkforLondonsays."Establishingwhetherthereisamarketfortheproductorserviceisthenextstep.Thisshouldincludeathoroughexaminationofpotentialcompetitorsandcustomers"shesays."Itmayalsobeworthcommissioningsomemarketresearch." IftheresearchdemonstratesthereisaviableBusinesstobehadthenthenextstepistodevelopadetailedbusinessplan.Aswellasdetailsoftheproductandmarketthisshouldalsoincludeabudgetplanandcashflowforecast.Approachingaqualifiedaccountantcanalsohelp.Aprofessionallookingplanwithcrediblefigureswillmakeiteasiertoattractfinance. ButJohnRendalltheheadofbusinessbankingatHSBCwarnsagainstfallingintothetrapofcreatingabusinessplandesignedsolelywiththeobjectiveofsecuringfunding. "Agoodbusinessplanshoulddemonstratesomecriticalthinkingaboutyourbusinesshelpyouclarifywhatyouwanttoachieveandhowyouaregoingtoachieveit.Itshouldalsohelpyoumarkprogresssetgoalsandbeinbettershapetodealwiththechallengesanynewbusinessislikelytoface"Mr.Rendallsays. "Thisapproachisfarmorelikelytoimpressthansomethingsolelydesignedtojustifyborrowing."Mr.Rendallalsoadvisesbusinessesnottounderestimatehowmuchtheyneedtoborrow."Don’tbetemptedtounderplaythedebtyourequirejusttopleaseyourbank"hesays."Abankisjustaslikelytoconsideralargersumifitispersuadedofthegrowthpotentialofyourbusiness." Agoodbusinessplanshouldalsoincludecontingencyplansthatoutlineresponsestounforeseencircumstances--positiveaswellasnegative.ForexamplewhatwouldbethefinancialimpactofchangedeconomiccircumstancesWhatchangescouldbemadetorespondItisalwaysworthgettingcommentsfromfriendsorcolleagueswhocanbringamoredetachedperspective. Itcouldalsobeworthtakingthetimetoinvestigatewhetheryourbusinessqualifiesforanygrants.GrantsareavailablefromavarietyofsourcesincludingtheGovernmentanditsvariousdepartmentsandagenciestheEuropeanUnionandsomecharitableorganizations.Ifyouareundertheageof30itwouldbeworthvisitingthePrince’sTrustwebsitewhichlastyearhelpedmorethan4300youngpeoplestart-upinbusiness.MoredetailsonhowtofindgrantsraisefinanceandimprovefinancialmanagementcanbefoundonTimesOnline’sGrantandFinanceguide. Thereasonwhyagoodbusinessplanisimportantisthatitcan
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