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原有认知结构的概括水平越高，迁移的可能性越大，效果越好。
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原认知结构对迁移有着重大影响其中对迁移起到至关晕要作用的因素是
学习者的背景知识
认知结构的概括水平
学习者的认知技能
学习者的心向与定势
影响迁移的因素有
学习对象的相似性
原有认知结构
学习的心向与定势
学习者的智力水平
原有经验的概括水平越高迁移的可能性就越大
原有认知结构对学习迁移的影响主要决定于认知结构的
可利用性
可辨别性
稳定性
清晰性
强制性
影响迁移的主要因素相似性原有认知结构和______
影响迁移的主要因素是
相似性
原有认知结构
学习的心向与定势
智力水平
需要调整原有的经验或对新旧经验加以概括在形成更高一级的认知结构后才发生迁移这是
一般迁移
同化迁移
顺应迁移
重组迁移
简述原有认知结构对迁移的影响
原有认知结构对迁移的作用
影响迁移的主要因素有相似性原有认知结构和______
奥苏伯尔认为影响新知识学习和迁移的最重要的因素是
认知结构中原有知识的易变性
认知结构中原有的观念和新知识的可辨别性
认知结构中原有知识的巩固性
原有认知结构中已有观念的可利用性
将原有认知经验应用于新情境中时需调整原有的经验形成一种更高一级的认知结构这种迁移方式称
顺应性迁移
同化性迁移
重组性迁移
水平迁移
在影响学习迁移的因素中学习者原有的知识经验概括水平越高迁移的可能性越
需要调整原有的经验或对新旧经验加以概括在形成更高一级的认知结构后才发生迁移这是
一般迁移
同化迁移
顺应迁移
重组迁移
奥苏伯尔的认知结构迁移理论认为原有认知结构对迁移的影响主要表现在以下几方面
相应的背景知识
概括水平
相应的认知技能或认知策略以及对认知活动进行调节、控制的元认知策略
A、B和C
简述原有认知结构对迁移的作用
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Itjustisn’tfair________Iwasworkingasawaiterlastmonth myfriendswerelyingonthebeach．
It’SthefirsttimethathehasbeentoAustralia________
C Nexttimeacustomercomestoyourofficeofferhimacupofcoffee． Andwhenyou’redoingyourholidayshoppingonlinemakesureyou’reholdingalargeglassoficedtea．Thephysicalsensa’tion感觉ofwarmthencouragesemotionalwarmthwhileacolddrinkinhandpreventsyoufrommakingunwisedecision--thosearethepracticallessonbeingdrawnfromrecentresearchbypsychologistJohna．Bargh． Psychologistshaveknownthatoneperson’sperception感知ofanother’swarmthisapowerfuldeterminerinsocialrelationships．JudgingsomeonetobeeitherWflfflTlorcoldisaprimaryconsiderationeventrumpingevidencethatacoldpersonmaybemorecapable．MuchofthisisrootedinveryearlychildhoodexperiencesBarghargueswhenbabies’conceptualsenseoftheworldaroundthemisshapedbyphysicalsensationparticularlywarmthandcoldness．Classicstud—iesbyHarryHarlowpublishedin1958showedmonkeyspreferredtostayclosetoaclothmoth—erratherthanonemadeofwire．evenwhenthewire‘‘mothercarriedafoodbottle．Harlow’Sworkandlaterstudieshaveledpsychologiststostresstheneedforwarmphysicalcontactfromcaregiverstohelpyoungchildrengrowintohealthyadultswithnormalsocialskills． Feelingsofwarmthandcoldnessinsocialjudgmentsappeartobeuniversal． AlthoughnoworldwidestudyhasbeendoneSarghsaysthatdescribingpeopleaswarmorcoldiscommontomanyculturesandstudieshavefoundthoseperceptioninfluencejudgmentindozensofcountries． TotesttherelationshipbetweenphysicalandpsychologicalwarmthBarghconductedanexperi-mentwhichinvolved41collegestudents．Aresearchassistantwhowasunawareofthestudy’Shypotheses假设handedthestudentseitherahotcupofcoffeeoracolddrinktoholdwhiletllereseareherfilledoutashortinformationformThedrinkwasthenhandedback．AfterthatthestudentswereaskedtoratethepersonalityofPersonAbasedonaparticulardescription．ThosewhohadbrieflyheldthewarmdrinkregardedPersonAaswarmerthanthosewhohadheldtheiceddrink． WealegroundedinourphysicalexperiencesevenwhenwethinkabstractlysaysBargh． Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage
Iclosemyeyesandcanstillhearher—thelittlegirlwitha1．SOstrongandpowerfulwecouldhearherhalfwaydowntheblock．Shewasan2peasantwhoaskedformoneyand3gavethenlythingshehad--herVice．IpausedutsideasmallshopandlistenedShebroughttomymindthe4ofLittleOrphanAnnie．Icouldnotunderstandthewordsshebuthervoicebeggedfor6.ItstoodoutfromthenoisesofArbatStreetpureandimpressivelikethechimeofabell．Shesang7anold—stylelamppostintheshadowofabuildingherannsextendedand8thrownback．Shewassmallandofunremarkablelooks．Herbrownhair9thebun发髻ithadbeenpulledintoandsheoccasionallyreachedupto10astrayDiecefmmherface．HerclothingIcall’trecall．Hervoiceontheotherhandis11imprintedinmymind.Iaskedoneofthetranslatorsaboutthegin．Elainatoldmethatsheandhundredsofotherslikeherthroughoutthe12sovietunionaddtotheirfamilies’incomebyworkingonthestreets.Thechildrenareunableto13schoolandtheirparentsworkfulltime．Thesechildrenknowthattheconsequenceofall14dayisnofoodforthetable．SimilarsituationsoccurredduringtheDe’pression萧条intheUnitedStatesbutthoseAmeficanchildrenwere15shoeshineboysofmel6.Thisgirlwasrealtome． WhenwewalkedpastherIgavehermoney．Itwasnotoutofpityl7ratheradmirationHersmileof18didnotinterrupthersingin9．ThegirlwatchedUSaswewalkeddownthestreet．IknowthisbecausewhenIlookedbackshesmiledagain．We19thatsmileandIknewIcouldneverforgethercourageand20strength．
ExcusemeMarciaareporterfromVanityFair_________allday. Couldyouspeaktohernow
Iclosemyeyesandcanstillhearher—thelittlegirlwitha1．SOstrongandpowerfulwecouldhearherhalfwaydowntheblock．Shewasan2peasantwhoaskedformoneyand3gavethenlythingshehad--herVice．IpausedutsideasmallshopandlistenedShebroughttomymindthe4ofLittleOrphanAnnie．Icouldnotunderstandthewordsshebuthervoicebeggedfor6.ItstoodoutfromthenoisesofArbatStreetpureandimpressivelikethechimeofabell．Shesang7anold—stylelamppostintheshadowofabuildingherannsextendedand8thrownback．Shewassmallandofunremarkablelooks．Herbrownhair9thebun发髻ithadbeenpulledintoandsheoccasionallyreachedupto10astrayDiecefmmherface．HerclothingIcall’trecall．Hervoiceontheotherhandis11imprintedinmymind.Iaskedoneofthetranslatorsaboutthegin．Elainatoldmethatsheandhundredsofotherslikeherthroughoutthe12sovietunionaddtotheirfamilies’incomebyworkingonthestreets.Thechildrenareunableto13schoolandtheirparentsworkfulltime．Thesechildrenknowthattheconsequenceofall14dayisnofoodforthetable．SimilarsituationsoccurredduringtheDe’pression萧条intheUnitedStatesbutthoseAmeficanchildrenwere15shoeshineboysofmel6.Thisgirlwasrealtome． WhenwewalkedpastherIgavehermoney．Itwasnotoutofpityl7ratheradmirationHersmileof18didnotinterrupthersingin9．ThegirlwatchedUSaswewalkeddownthestreet．IknowthisbecausewhenIlookedbackshesmiledagain．We19thatsmileandIknewIcouldneverforgethercourageand20strength．
C Nexttimeacustomercomestoyourofficeofferhimacupofcoffee． Andwhenyou’redoingyourholidayshoppingonlinemakesureyou’reholdingalargeglassoficedtea．Thephysicalsensa’tion感觉ofwarmthencouragesemotionalwarmthwhileacolddrinkinhandpreventsyoufrommakingunwisedecision--thosearethepracticallessonbeingdrawnfromrecentresearchbypsychologistJohna．Bargh． Psychologistshaveknownthatoneperson’sperception感知ofanother’swarmthisapowerfuldeterminerinsocialrelationships．JudgingsomeonetobeeitherWflfflTlorcoldisaprimaryconsiderationeventrumpingevidencethatacoldpersonmaybemorecapable．MuchofthisisrootedinveryearlychildhoodexperiencesBarghargueswhenbabies’conceptualsenseoftheworldaroundthemisshapedbyphysicalsensationparticularlywarmthandcoldness．Classicstud—iesbyHarryHarlowpublishedin1958showedmonkeyspreferredtostayclosetoaclothmoth—erratherthanonemadeofwire．evenwhenthewire‘‘mothercarriedafoodbottle．Harlow’Sworkandlaterstudieshaveledpsychologiststostresstheneedforwarmphysicalcontactfromcaregiverstohelpyoungchildrengrowintohealthyadultswithnormalsocialskills． Feelingsofwarmthandcoldnessinsocialjudgmentsappeartobeuniversal． AlthoughnoworldwidestudyhasbeendoneSarghsaysthatdescribingpeopleaswarmorcoldiscommontomanyculturesandstudieshavefoundthoseperceptioninfluencejudgmentindozensofcountries． TotesttherelationshipbetweenphysicalandpsychologicalwarmthBarghconductedanexperi-mentwhichinvolved41collegestudents．Aresearchassistantwhowasunawareofthestudy’Shypotheses假设handedthestudentseitherahotcupofcoffeeoracolddrinktoholdwhiletllereseareherfilledoutashortinformationformThedrinkwasthenhandedback．AfterthatthestudentswereaskedtoratethepersonalityofPersonAbasedonaparticulardescription．ThosewhohadbrieflyheldthewarmdrinkregardedPersonAaswarmerthanthosewhohadheldtheiceddrink． WealegroundedinourphysicalexperiencesevenwhenwethinkabstractlysaysBargh． InBargh’sexperimentthestudentswereaskedto．
C Nexttimeacustomercomestoyourofficeofferhimacupofcoffee． Andwhenyou’redoingyourholidayshoppingonlinemakesureyou’reholdingalargeglassoficedtea．Thephysicalsensa’tion感觉ofwarmthencouragesemotionalwarmthwhileacolddrinkinhandpreventsyoufrommakingunwisedecision--thosearethepracticallessonbeingdrawnfromrecentresearchbypsychologistJohna．Bargh． Psychologistshaveknownthatoneperson’sperception感知ofanother’swarmthisapowerfuldeterminerinsocialrelationships．JudgingsomeonetobeeitherWflfflTlorcoldisaprimaryconsiderationeventrumpingevidencethatacoldpersonmaybemorecapable．MuchofthisisrootedinveryearlychildhoodexperiencesBarghargueswhenbabies’conceptualsenseoftheworldaroundthemisshapedbyphysicalsensationparticularlywarmthandcoldness．Classicstud—iesbyHarryHarlowpublishedin1958showedmonkeyspreferredtostayclosetoaclothmoth—erratherthanonemadeofwire．evenwhenthewire‘‘mothercarriedafoodbottle．Harlow’Sworkandlaterstudieshaveledpsychologiststostresstheneedforwarmphysicalcontactfromcaregiverstohelpyoungchildrengrowintohealthyadultswithnormalsocialskills． Feelingsofwarmthandcoldnessinsocialjudgmentsappeartobeuniversal． AlthoughnoworldwidestudyhasbeendoneSarghsaysthatdescribingpeopleaswarmorcoldiscommontomanyculturesandstudieshavefoundthoseperceptioninfluencejudgmentindozensofcountries． TotesttherelationshipbetweenphysicalandpsychologicalwarmthBarghconductedanexperi-mentwhichinvolved41collegestudents．Aresearchassistantwhowasunawareofthestudy’Shypotheses假设handedthestudentseitherahotcupofcoffeeoracolddrinktoholdwhiletllereseareherfilledoutashortinformationformThedrinkwasthenhandedback．AfterthatthestudentswereaskedtoratethepersonalityofPersonAbasedonaparticulardescription．ThosewhohadbrieflyheldthewarmdrinkregardedPersonAaswarmerthanthosewhohadheldtheiceddrink． WealegroundedinourphysicalexperiencesevenwhenwethinkabstractlysaysBargh． AccordingtoParagraph1aperson’semotionmaybeaffectedby．
A Iamawriter．Ispendagreatdealofmytimethinkingaboutthepoweroflanguage－thewayitcanevoke唤起anemotionavisualimageacomplexideaorasimpletruth．Languageisthetoolofmytrade．AndIUSethemall－alltheEnglishIgrewupwith. BomintoaChinesefamilythathadrecentlyarrivedinCaliforniaI’vebeengivingmorethoughttothekindofEnglishmymotherspeaks．LikeothersIhavedescribedittopeopleasbrokenEnglish．Butfeelembarrassedtosaythat．IthasalwaysbotheredmethatIcanthinkofnowaytodescribeitotherthanbrokenasifitweredamagedandneededtobefixedasifitlackedacer’tainwholeness．IveheardothertermsusedlimitedEnglishforexample．Butthey8eemjustasbad．asifeverythingislimitedincludingpeople’sperception认识ofthelimitedEnglishspeaker. Iknowthisforafact．becausewhenIwasgrowingupmymother’slimited’’Englishlimitedmyperceptionofher．1wasashamedofherEnglish．IbelievedthatherEnglishreflectedthequalityofwhatshehadtosay．Thatisbecausesheexpressedthemimperfectlyherthoughtswereimperfect．AndIhadplentyofevidencetosupportmethefactthatpeopleindepartmentstoresatbanks．andatrestaurantsdidnottakeherseriouslydidnotgivehergoodservicepretendednottounderstandherorevenactedasiftheydidnothearher． Istartedwritingfictioninl985．Andforreasonlwon’tgetintotodayIbegantowritestoriesusingaUtheEnglishIgrewupwiththeEnglishsheusedwithmewhichforlackofabettertermmightbedescribedasbrokenandwhatIimaginetobehertranslationofherChineseherinter-nal内在的languageandforthatIsoughttopreservetheessencebutneitheranEnglishnoraChinesestnlcture1wantedtocatchwhatlanguageabilitytestscannevershowherintentionherfeelingstherhythmsofherspeechandthenatureofherthoughts． WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtoParagraph3
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对下列病句的修改有误的一项是
依次填入下列句中横线处的词恰当的一组是一切学问家不但对于流俗传说就是对于过去学者的学说也常常抱怀疑态度常常和书中的学说常常书中的学说常常书中的学说
_______isthepowerofTVthatitcanmakeapersonsuddenlyfamous.
Iclosemyeyesandcanstillhearher—thelittlegirlwitha1．SOstrongandpowerfulwecouldhearherhalfwaydowntheblock．Shewasan2peasantwhoaskedformoneyand3gavethenlythingshehad--herVice．IpausedutsideasmallshopandlistenedShebroughttomymindthe4ofLittleOrphanAnnie．Icouldnotunderstandthewordsshebuthervoicebeggedfor6.ItstoodoutfromthenoisesofArbatStreetpureandimpressivelikethechimeofabell．Shesang7anold—stylelamppostintheshadowofabuildingherannsextendedand8thrownback．Shewassmallandofunremarkablelooks．Herbrownhair9thebun发髻ithadbeenpulledintoandsheoccasionallyreachedupto10astrayDiecefmmherface．HerclothingIcall’trecall．Hervoiceontheotherhandis11imprintedinmymind.Iaskedoneofthetranslatorsaboutthegin．Elainatoldmethatsheandhundredsofotherslikeherthroughoutthe12sovietunionaddtotheirfamilies’incomebyworkingonthestreets.Thechildrenareunableto13schoolandtheirparentsworkfulltime．Thesechildrenknowthattheconsequenceofall14dayisnofoodforthetable．SimilarsituationsoccurredduringtheDe’pression萧条intheUnitedStatesbutthoseAmeficanchildrenwere15shoeshineboysofmel6.Thisgirlwasrealtome． WhenwewalkedpastherIgavehermoney．Itwasnotoutofpityl7ratheradmirationHersmileof18didnotinterrupthersingin9．ThegirlwatchedUSaswewalkeddownthestreet．IknowthisbecausewhenIlookedbackshesmiledagain．We19thatsmileandIknewIcouldneverforgethercourageand20strength．
A Iamawriter．Ispendagreatdealofmytimethinkingaboutthepoweroflanguage－thewayitcanevoke唤起anemotionavisualimageacomplexideaorasimpletruth．Languageisthetoolofmytrade．AndIUSethemall－alltheEnglishIgrewupwith. BomintoaChinesefamilythathadrecentlyarrivedinCaliforniaI’vebeengivingmorethoughttothekindofEnglishmymotherspeaks．LikeothersIhavedescribedittopeopleasbrokenEnglish．Butfeelembarrassedtosaythat．IthasalwaysbotheredmethatIcanthinkofnowaytodescribeitotherthanbrokenasifitweredamagedandneededtobefixedasifitlackedacer’tainwholeness．IveheardothertermsusedlimitedEnglishforexample．Butthey8eemjustasbad．asifeverythingislimitedincludingpeople’sperception认识ofthelimitedEnglishspeaker. Iknowthisforafact．becausewhenIwasgrowingupmymother’slimited’’Englishlimitedmyperceptionofher．1wasashamedofherEnglish．IbelievedthatherEnglishreflectedthequalityofwhatshehadtosay．Thatisbecausesheexpressedthemimperfectlyherthoughtswereimperfect．AndIhadplentyofevidencetosupportmethefactthatpeopleindepartmentstoresatbanks．andatrestaurantsdidnottakeherseriouslydidnotgivehergoodservicepretendednottounderstandherorevenactedasiftheydidnothearher． Istartedwritingfictioninl985．Andforreasonlwon’tgetintotodayIbegantowritestoriesusingaUtheEnglishIgrewupwiththeEnglishsheusedwithmewhichforlackofabettertermmightbedescribedasbrokenandwhatIimaginetobehertranslationofherChineseherinter-nal内在的languageandforthatIsoughttopreservetheessencebutneitheranEnglishnoraChinesestnlcture1wantedtocatchwhatlanguageabilitytestscannevershowherintentionherfeelingstherhythmsofherspeechandthenatureofherthoughts． Whatisthepassagemainlyabout
Iclosemyeyesandcanstillhearher—thelittlegirlwitha1．SOstrongandpowerfulwecouldhearherhalfwaydowntheblock．Shewasan2peasantwhoaskedformoneyand3gavethenlythingshehad--herVice．IpausedutsideasmallshopandlistenedShebroughttomymindthe4ofLittleOrphanAnnie．Icouldnotunderstandthewordsshebuthervoicebeggedfor6.ItstoodoutfromthenoisesofArbatStreetpureandimpressivelikethechimeofabell．Shesang7anold—stylelamppostintheshadowofabuildingherannsextendedand8thrownback．Shewassmallandofunremarkablelooks．Herbrownhair9thebun发髻ithadbeenpulledintoandsheoccasionallyreachedupto10astrayDiecefmmherface．HerclothingIcall’trecall．Hervoiceontheotherhandis11imprintedinmymind.Iaskedoneofthetranslatorsaboutthegin．Elainatoldmethatsheandhundredsofotherslikeherthroughoutthe12sovietunionaddtotheirfamilies’incomebyworkingonthestreets.Thechildrenareunableto13schoolandtheirparentsworkfulltime．Thesechildrenknowthattheconsequenceofall14dayisnofoodforthetable．SimilarsituationsoccurredduringtheDe’pression萧条intheUnitedStatesbutthoseAmeficanchildrenwere15shoeshineboysofmel6.Thisgirlwasrealtome． WhenwewalkedpastherIgavehermoney．Itwasnotoutofpityl7ratheradmirationHersmileof18didnotinterrupthersingin9．ThegirlwatchedUSaswewalkeddownthestreet．IknowthisbecausewhenIlookedbackshesmiledagain．We19thatsmileandIknewIcouldneverforgethercourageand20strength．
Iclosemyeyesandcanstillhearher—thelittlegirlwitha1．SOstrongandpowerfulwecouldhearherhalfwaydowntheblock．Shewasan2peasantwhoaskedformoneyand3gavethenlythingshehad--herVice．IpausedutsideasmallshopandlistenedShebroughttomymindthe4ofLittleOrphanAnnie．Icouldnotunderstandthewordsshebuthervoicebeggedfor6.ItstoodoutfromthenoisesofArbatStreetpureandimpressivelikethechimeofabell．Shesang7anold—stylelamppostintheshadowofabuildingherannsextendedand8thrownback．Shewassmallandofunremarkablelooks．Herbrownhair9thebun发髻ithadbeenpulledintoandsheoccasionallyreachedupto10astrayDiecefmmherface．HerclothingIcall’trecall．Hervoiceontheotherhandis11imprintedinmymind.Iaskedoneofthetranslatorsaboutthegin．Elainatoldmethatsheandhundredsofotherslikeherthroughoutthe12sovietunionaddtotheirfamilies’incomebyworkingonthestreets.Thechildrenareunableto13schoolandtheirparentsworkfulltime．Thesechildrenknowthattheconsequenceofall14dayisnofoodforthetable．SimilarsituationsoccurredduringtheDe’pression萧条intheUnitedStatesbutthoseAmeficanchildrenwere15shoeshineboysofmel6.Thisgirlwasrealtome． WhenwewalkedpastherIgavehermoney．Itwasnotoutofpityl7ratheradmirationHersmileof18didnotinterrupthersingin9．ThegirlwatchedUSaswewalkeddownthestreet．IknowthisbecausewhenIlookedbackshesmiledagain．We19thatsmileandIknewIcouldneverforgethercourageand20strength．
Iclosemyeyesandcanstillhearher—thelittlegirlwitha1．SOstrongandpowerfulwecouldhearherhalfwaydowntheblock．Shewasan2peasantwhoaskedformoneyand3gavethenlythingshehad--herVice．IpausedutsideasmallshopandlistenedShebroughttomymindthe4ofLittleOrphanAnnie．Icouldnotunderstandthewordsshebuthervoicebeggedfor6.ItstoodoutfromthenoisesofArbatStreetpureandimpressivelikethechimeofabell．Shesang7anold—stylelamppostintheshadowofabuildingherannsextendedand8thrownback．Shewassmallandofunremarkablelooks．Herbrownhair9thebun发髻ithadbeenpulledintoandsheoccasionallyreachedupto10astrayDiecefmmherface．HerclothingIcall’trecall．Hervoiceontheotherhandis11imprintedinmymind.Iaskedoneofthetranslatorsaboutthegin．Elainatoldmethatsheandhundredsofotherslikeherthroughoutthe12sovietunionaddtotheirfamilies’incomebyworkingonthestreets.Thechildrenareunableto13schoolandtheirparentsworkfulltime．Thesechildrenknowthattheconsequenceofall14dayisnofoodforthetable．SimilarsituationsoccurredduringtheDe’pression萧条intheUnitedStatesbutthoseAmeficanchildrenwere15shoeshineboysofmel6.Thisgirlwasrealtome． WhenwewalkedpastherIgavehermoney．Itwasnotoutofpityl7ratheradmirationHersmileof18didnotinterrupthersingin9．ThegirlwatchedUSaswewalkeddownthestreet．IknowthisbecausewhenIlookedbackshesmiledagain．We19thatsmileandIknewIcouldneverforgethercourageand20strength．
B Societiesallovertheworldnameplacesinsimilarways．Quiteoftenthereisnoofficialnamingceremonybutplacestendtobecallednamesaspointsofreferencebypeople．Thenanorganizedbodystepsinandgivestheplaceaname．FrequentlyithappensthataplacehastwonamesOneisnamedbythepeopleandtheotherbythegovernment．Asinmanyareasoldhabitsdiedhardandtheplacecontinuestobecalledbyitsunofficialnamelongafterthemeaningislost． ManyroadsandplacesinSingapore新加坡arenamedinorderthatthepioneerswillberememberedbyfuturegeneration．ThuswehavenamessuchasStamfordRoadandRafflesPlace．Thisisinkeepingwithtraditioninmanycountries——inboththeWestandtheEast． Anotherwayofnamingplacesisnamingthemafterotherplaces．Perhapstheywerenamedtopromotefriendshipsbetweenthetwoplacesoritcouldbethatthepeoplewhousedtolivetherewereoriginallyfromtheplacesthattheroadswerenamedafter．ThemysteryisclearerwhenweseesomeoftheroadsnamedinformerBritishbases．IfyoustepintoSelectorAirbaseyouwillseePiccadillyCircus——0bviouslynamedbysomehomesickRoyalAirForcepersonnel． Someplaceswerenamedaftertheactivitiesthatusedtogoonatthoseplaces． BrasBasahRoadisaninterestingexample．BaseBasahmeanswetriceinMalay马来语．NowwhywouldanyonewanttonamearoadWetRiceRoadThereasonissimple．Duringthepioneeringdayswetricewaslaidouttodryalongthisroad． AfewroadsinSingaporearenamedbytheirshapes．ThereisCircularRoadforone．OtherroadsmayhavepartoftheirnamestodescribetheirshapeslikePayaI．ebarCrescent．Thisroadiscalledacrescent月牙becauseitbeginsonthemainroadmakesacrescentandcomesbacktojointhemainroadagain． BrasBasahRoadisnamed．
下列各句中加点的成语使用有错误的是
Whenwevisitedmyoldfamilyhomememorycame________back.
Iclosemyeyesandcanstillhearher—thelittlegirlwitha1．SOstrongandpowerfulwecouldhearherhalfwaydowntheblock．Shewasan2peasantwhoaskedformoneyand3gavethenlythingshehad--herVice．IpausedutsideasmallshopandlistenedShebroughttomymindthe4ofLittleOrphanAnnie．Icouldnotunderstandthewordsshebuthervoicebeggedfor6.ItstoodoutfromthenoisesofArbatStreetpureandimpressivelikethechimeofabell．Shesang7anold—stylelamppostintheshadowofabuildingherannsextendedand8thrownback．Shewassmallandofunremarkablelooks．Herbrownhair9thebun发髻ithadbeenpulledintoandsheoccasionallyreachedupto10astrayDiecefmmherface．HerclothingIcall’trecall．Hervoiceontheotherhandis11imprintedinmymind.Iaskedoneofthetranslatorsaboutthegin．Elainatoldmethatsheandhundredsofotherslikeherthroughoutthe12sovietunionaddtotheirfamilies’incomebyworkingonthestreets.Thechildrenareunableto13schoolandtheirparentsworkfulltime．Thesechildrenknowthattheconsequenceofall14dayisnofoodforthetable．SimilarsituationsoccurredduringtheDe’pression萧条intheUnitedStatesbutthoseAmeficanchildrenwere15shoeshineboysofmel6.Thisgirlwasrealtome． WhenwewalkedpastherIgavehermoney．Itwasnotoutofpityl7ratheradmirationHersmileof18didnotinterrupthersingin9．ThegirlwatchedUSaswewalkeddownthestreet．IknowthisbecausewhenIlookedbackshesmiledagain．We19thatsmileandIknewIcouldneverforgethercourageand20strength．
Thisareaexperienced____heaviestrainfallin_________monthofMay.
Iclosemyeyesandcanstillhearher—thelittlegirlwitha1．SOstrongandpowerfulwecouldhearherhalfwaydowntheblock．Shewasan2peasantwhoaskedformoneyand3gavethenlythingshehad--herVice．IpausedutsideasmallshopandlistenedShebroughttomymindthe4ofLittleOrphanAnnie．Icouldnotunderstandthewordsshebuthervoicebeggedfor6.ItstoodoutfromthenoisesofArbatStreetpureandimpressivelikethechimeofabell．Shesang7anold—stylelamppostintheshadowofabuildingherannsextendedand8thrownback．Shewassmallandofunremarkablelooks．Herbrownhair9thebun发髻ithadbeenpulledintoandsheoccasionallyreachedupto10astrayDiecefmmherface．HerclothingIcall’trecall．Hervoiceontheotherhandis11imprintedinmymind.Iaskedoneofthetranslatorsaboutthegin．Elainatoldmethatsheandhundredsofotherslikeherthroughoutthe12sovietunionaddtotheirfamilies’incomebyworkingonthestreets.Thechildrenareunableto13schoolandtheirparentsworkfulltime．Thesechildrenknowthattheconsequenceofall14dayisnofoodforthetable．SimilarsituationsoccurredduringtheDe’pression萧条intheUnitedStatesbutthoseAmeficanchildrenwere15shoeshineboysofmel6.Thisgirlwasrealtome． WhenwewalkedpastherIgavehermoney．Itwasnotoutofpityl7ratheradmirationHersmileof18didnotinterrupthersingin9．ThegirlwatchedUSaswewalkeddownthestreet．IknowthisbecausewhenIlookedbackshesmiledagain．We19thatsmileandIknewIcouldneverforgethercourageand20strength．
下列词语结构完全一样的一组是
下列汉字中三个字都不读的一组是
Iclosemyeyesandcanstillhearher—thelittlegirlwitha1．SOstrongandpowerfulwecouldhearherhalfwaydowntheblock．Shewasan2peasantwhoaskedformoneyand3gavethenlythingshehad--herVice．IpausedutsideasmallshopandlistenedShebroughttomymindthe4ofLittleOrphanAnnie．Icouldnotunderstandthewordsshebuthervoicebeggedfor6.ItstoodoutfromthenoisesofArbatStreetpureandimpressivelikethechimeofabell．Shesang7anold—stylelamppostintheshadowofabuildingherannsextendedand8thrownback．Shewassmallandofunremarkablelooks．Herbrownhair9thebun发髻ithadbeenpulledintoandsheoccasionallyreachedupto10astrayDiecefmmherface．HerclothingIcall’trecall．Hervoiceontheotherhandis11imprintedinmymind.Iaskedoneofthetranslatorsaboutthegin．Elainatoldmethatsheandhundredsofotherslikeherthroughoutthe12sovietunionaddtotheirfamilies’incomebyworkingonthestreets.Thechildrenareunableto13schoolandtheirparentsworkfulltime．Thesechildrenknowthattheconsequenceofall14dayisnofoodforthetable．SimilarsituationsoccurredduringtheDe’pression萧条intheUnitedStatesbutthoseAmeficanchildrenwere15shoeshineboysofmel6.Thisgirlwasrealtome． WhenwewalkedpastherIgavehermoney．Itwasnotoutofpityl7ratheradmirationHersmileof18didnotinterrupthersingin9．ThegirlwatchedUSaswewalkeddownthestreet．IknowthisbecausewhenIlookedbackshesmiledagain．We19thatsmileandIknewIcouldneverforgethercourageand20strength．
Childrenneedfriends________theirownagetoplaywith．
B Societiesallovertheworldnameplacesinsimilarways．Quiteoftenthereisnoofficialnamingceremonybutplacestendtobecallednamesaspointsofreferencebypeople．Thenanorganizedbodystepsinandgivestheplaceaname．FrequentlyithappensthataplacehastwonamesOneisnamedbythepeopleandtheotherbythegovernment．Asinmanyareasoldhabitsdiedhardandtheplacecontinuestobecalledbyitsunofficialnamelongafterthemeaningislost． ManyroadsandplacesinSingapore新加坡arenamedinorderthatthepioneerswillberememberedbyfuturegeneration．ThuswehavenamessuchasStamfordRoadandRafflesPlace．Thisisinkeepingwithtraditioninmanycountries——inboththeWestandtheEast． Anotherwayofnamingplacesisnamingthemafterotherplaces．Perhapstheywerenamedtopromotefriendshipsbetweenthetwoplacesoritcouldbethatthepeoplewhousedtolivetherewereoriginallyfromtheplacesthattheroadswerenamedafter．ThemysteryisclearerwhenweseesomeoftheroadsnamedinformerBritishbases．IfyoustepintoSelectorAirbaseyouwillseePiccadillyCircus——0bviouslynamedbysomehomesickRoyalAirForcepersonnel． Someplaceswerenamedaftertheactivitiesthatusedtogoonatthoseplaces． BrasBasahRoadisaninterestingexample．BaseBasahmeanswetriceinMalay马来语．NowwhywouldanyonewanttonamearoadWetRiceRoadThereasonissimple．Duringthepioneeringdayswetricewaslaidouttodryalongthisroad． AfewroadsinSingaporearenamedbytheirshapes．ThereisCircularRoadforone．OtherroadsmayhavepartoftheirnamestodescribetheirshapeslikePayaI．ebarCrescent．Thisroadiscalledacrescent月牙becauseitbeginsonthemainroadmakesacrescentandcomesbacktojointhemainroadagain． WhatdoestheunderlinedphrasediehardinParagraphIprobablymean
A Iamawriter．Ispendagreatdealofmytimethinkingaboutthepoweroflanguage－thewayitcanevoke唤起anemotionavisualimageacomplexideaorasimpletruth．Languageisthetoolofmytrade．AndIUSethemall－alltheEnglishIgrewupwith. BomintoaChinesefamilythathadrecentlyarrivedinCaliforniaI’vebeengivingmorethoughttothekindofEnglishmymotherspeaks．LikeothersIhavedescribedittopeopleasbrokenEnglish．Butfeelembarrassedtosaythat．IthasalwaysbotheredmethatIcanthinkofnowaytodescribeitotherthanbrokenasifitweredamagedandneededtobefixedasifitlackedacer’tainwholeness．IveheardothertermsusedlimitedEnglishforexample．Butthey8eemjustasbad．asifeverythingislimitedincludingpeople’sperception认识ofthelimitedEnglishspeaker. Iknowthisforafact．becausewhenIwasgrowingupmymother’slimited’’Englishlimitedmyperceptionofher．1wasashamedofherEnglish．IbelievedthatherEnglishreflectedthequalityofwhatshehadtosay．Thatisbecausesheexpressedthemimperfectlyherthoughtswereimperfect．AndIhadplentyofevidencetosupportmethefactthatpeopleindepartmentstoresatbanks．andatrestaurantsdidnottakeherseriouslydidnotgivehergoodservicepretendednottounderstandherorevenactedasiftheydidnothearher． Istartedwritingfictioninl985．Andforreasonlwon’tgetintotodayIbegantowritestoriesusingaUtheEnglishIgrewupwiththeEnglishsheusedwithmewhichforlackofabettertermmightbedescribedasbrokenandwhatIimaginetobehertranslationofherChineseherinter-nal内在的languageandforthatIsoughttopreservetheessencebutneitheranEnglishnoraChinesestnlcture1wantedtocatchwhatlanguageabilitytestscannevershowherintentionherfeelingstherhythmsofherspeechandthenatureofherthoughts． BysayingLanguageisthetoolofmytradetheauthormeansthat
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