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The Paper Chase ? ?1 ?"Running a house is a lot like running a business," says Stephanie Denton, a p...
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? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选
—Willyoulendmesomepaper?—Sorrymine______.
is running out of
has been run out
has run out
has run out of
A?theyareuseless??B?inpaperchase??C?thatitiseasily
AtheyareuselessBinpaperchaseCthatitiseasilyreached
AtheyareuselessBinpaperchaseCthatitiseasilyreached
AtheyareuselessBinpaperchaseCthatitiseasilyreached
ThePaperChase??1.Runningahouseisalotlikerunningabu
Thecriminalgaveusalong{{U}}chase{{/U}}beforewecaug
trial
pursing
pursuit
running
Thecriminalgaveusalongchasebeforewecaughthim.
trial
pursing
pursuit
running
A?theyareuseless??B?inpaperchase??C?thatitiseasily
A?theyareuseless??B?inpaperchase??C?thatitiseasily
AtheyareuselessBinpaperchaseCthatitiseasilyreached
ThePaperChaseRunningahouseisalotlikerunningabusine
ThePaperChase??1.Runningahouseisalotlikerunningabu
A?theyareuseless??B?inpaperchase??C?thatitiseasily
---Willyoulendmesomepaper?---Sorrymine.
is running out of
has been run out
has run out
has run out of
ThePaperChase??1?Runningahouseisalotlikerunningabu
阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务123～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段第段选择1个正确
ThePaperChase??1.Runningahouseisalotlikerunningabu
Mostpeople____materialpossessions.
chase away
chase after
chase about
chase down
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Supposeyoumakeyourparentssohappytheydecidetohaveanotherbabyjustlikeyou.Itmightbeflattering讨人喜欢的buthowwouldyoufeelabouthavingalittlebrotherorsisterwhoisalsoyourtwinAlaboratoryexperimentconductedlastfallsuggestsitmaysomedaybepossible.Forthefirsttimeeverscientistsmadeexactcopiesorclones克隆ofahumanembryo.Althoughtheembryosgrewforonlysixdaysclonedembryoscouldtheoreticallybeimplantedinawoman’swomb子宫anddevelopintonormalbabies.Ortheycouldbefrozenandimplantedyearslater.Thescientistsdevelopedtheircloningtechniquetomakeiteasierforchildlesscouplestohavebabiesbyinvitro在体外的fertilization.Inthisproceduresperm精子fromthemanfertilizesaneggfromthewomaninalaboratorydish.Inmostcasedoctorsmusttryimplantingseveralembryosbeforeonestaysinthewomb.Clonedembryoswouldgivethemmanymoreembryostoimplant.Butthetechniquecouldalsobeusedforotherpurposes.Parentsmightfreezeembryosclonedfromtheirchildrensothattheycouldbereplacedifanyofthemdied.Thecloneswouldalsobeidealdonorsifthechildrenneededorgantransplants.Anotherpossibility:Childlesscouplescouldgotoabankoffrozenembryosandchooseachildjustlikeonewho’salreadyliving.Somepeopleareconcernedthatthesecouplesmightpickonlybeautifulsuccessfulchildren.Theethicaldilemmas困境ofcloninghavenotyetbeendiscussedfullybecausethepublicassumeditwasalongwayoff.Manypeoplearecallingfor要求提倡controlsoncloningimmediatelybeforethepracticeisabused.WhatdoyouthinkThetechniqueisjustusedforprovidingembryos.
SavingMoneyWhereyousaveyourmoneyoftendependsonwhatyouaresavingfor.IfyouaresavingtobuyaCD光盘ortogotoaconcertthenprobablyyouwouldkeepyourmoneysomewhereinyourroom.IfyoualesavingforabigpurchaselikeamountainbikeoraschooltripwherewouldyousaveyourmoneyOneplacetosavemoneyisthebankPuttingyourmoneyinasavingsaccountwillhelpyourmoneyearnmoremoneyIfyouputyourmoneyinapiggybank猪形储蓄罐oneyearlateryou’llstillhavethesameamountofmoneyyouputin.Ifyouputyourmoneyinasavingsaccountoneyearlateryou’llhavemoremoneythanyouputinWhyWhenyoukeepyourmoneyinabank.yourmoneyearnsinterest.InterestisanamountofmoneyabankpaysyoutouseyourmoneyThebankusesyourmoneyandthemoneyofotherpeopletootoloanmoneytopeopleandbusinessesThebankwillsendyouastatementseveraltimesayear.AbankstatementtellsyouhowmuchmoneyyouhaveinyouraccountItalsotellsyouhowmuchinterestyouhaveearnedIfyouleaveyourmoneyinthebankyoucanwatchitgrow!AnotherwayyoucansavemoneyistobuyacertificateofdepositorCD.Ifyouhavesomemoneythatyoudon’tneedtouseforalongtimethisisagoodwaytomakeyourmoneygrow.YouCanbuyaCD.atabankYouagreenottousethemoneyforacertainperiodoftimeThatperiodmightbefromsixmonthstofiveyears.Youcan’ttouchyourmoneyduringthattimeIfyoudoyoumustpayapenaltyorfeeAbankpaysyouinterestfor
Youlooksmartinthenewsuit.
Theeternalmotionofthestarsfascinatedhim.
{{*HTML*}}1.Thousandsofyearsagomanusedhandyrocksforhissurgicaloperations.Laterheusedsharpboneorhornmetalknivesandmorerecentlyrubberandplastic.Andthatwaswherewestuckinsurgicalinstrumenttermsformanyyears.Inthe1960sanewtoolwasdevelopedonewhichwasfirstofalltobeofgreatpracticalusetothearmedforcesandindustrybutwhichwasalsointimetorevolutionizetheartandscienceofsurgery.??2.Thetoolisthelaseranditisbeingusedbymoreandmoresurgeonsallovertheworldforaverylargenumberofdifferentcomplaints.Thewordlasermeans:LightAmplificationbyStimulatedEmissionofRadiation.Asweallknowlightishot;anysourceoflight--fromthesunitselfclowntoahumblematchburning--willgivewarmth.Butlightisusuallyspreadoutoverawidearea.Thelightinalaserbeamhoweverisconcentrated.Thismeansthatalightwithnomorepowerthanthatproducedbyanordinaryelectriclightbulbbecomesintenselystrongasitisconcentratedtoapinpoint-sizedbeam.??3.Experimentswiththesepinpointbeamshaveshownresearchersthatdifferentenergysourcesproducebeamsthathaveaparticulareffectoncertainlivingcells.Itisnowpossibleforeyesurgeonstooperateonthebackofthehumaneyewithoutharmingthefrontoftheeyesimplybypassingalaserbeamrightthroughtheeyeball.Noknivesnostitchesnounwanteddamage--atruesurgicalwonder.??4.Operationswhichonceleftpatientsexhaustedandinneedoflongperiodsofrecoverytimenowleavethemfeelingrelaxedandcomfortable.Somuchmoredifficultoperationscannowbetried.??5.Therapiddevelopmentoflasertechniquesinthepasttenyearshasmadeitclearthatthefutureislikelytobeveryexciting.Perhapssomecancerswillbetreatedwithlaserinawaythatmakessurgerynotonlysaferbutmoreeffective.Altogethertomorrowmayseemoreandmoreinformationcomingtolightonthediseaseswhichcanbetreatedmedically.Para4______.
{{*HTML*}}1.Thousandsofyearsagomanusedhandyrocksforhissurgicaloperations.Laterheusedsharpboneorhornmetalknivesandmorerecentlyrubberandplastic.Andthatwaswherewestuckinsurgicalinstrumenttermsformanyyears.Inthe1960sanewtoolwasdevelopedonewhichwasfirstofalltobeofgreatpracticalusetothearmedforcesandindustrybutwhichwasalsointimetorevolutionizetheartandscienceofsurgery.??2.Thetoolisthelaseranditisbeingusedbymoreandmoresurgeonsallovertheworldforaverylargenumberofdifferentcomplaints.Thewordlasermeans:LightAmplificationbyStimulatedEmissionofRadiation.Asweallknowlightishot;anysourceoflight--fromthesunitselfclowntoahumblematchburning--willgivewarmth.Butlightisusuallyspreadoutoverawidearea.Thelightinalaserbeamhoweverisconcentrated.Thismeansthatalightwithnomorepowerthanthatproducedbyanordinaryelectriclightbulbbecomesintenselystrongasitisconcentratedtoapinpoint-sizedbeam.??3.Experimentswiththesepinpointbeamshaveshownresearchersthatdifferentenergysourcesproducebeamsthathaveaparticulareffectoncertainlivingcells.Itisnowpossibleforeyesurgeonstooperateonthebackofthehumaneyewithoutharmingthefrontoftheeyesimplybypassingalaserbeamrightthroughtheeyeball.Noknivesnostitchesnounwanteddamage--atruesurgicalwonder.??4.Operationswhichonceleftpatientsexhaustedandinneedoflongperiodsofrecoverytimenowleavethemfeelingrelaxedandcomfortable.Somuchmoredifficultoperationscannowbetried.??5.Therapiddevelopmentoflasertechniquesinthepasttenyearshasmadeitclearthatthefutureislikelytobeveryexciting.Perhapssomecancerswillbetreatedwithlaserinawaythatmakessurgerynotonlysaferbutmoreeffective.Altogethertomorrowmayseemoreandmoreinformationcomingtolightonthediseaseswhichcanbetreatedmedically.Longlongagomanused______forsurgicaloperations.
Volunteersarebeingrecruited征募toeatrawpotatoesinthefirsthumantrialsofavaccinegrowningeneticallyengineeredvegetables.ResearchersinTexashopethatpeoplewhoeatthepotatoeswillbeprotectedagainstcommongut肠肠子infections.Theybelievethistechniquecouldprovetobeacost-effectivewayofgrowingvaccinesindevelopingcountrieswheresuchdiseasesarestillkillers.OtherresearcherspreviouslysucceededinusingsimilartechniquestoproducepotentialvaccinesNowHughMasonandhiscolleaguesatTexasA&MUniversity得克萨斯农业及机械大学theirplantvaccinesonmiceandplantorecruit15volunteersforahumantrial.Theteamfirsttestedthetechniqueintobaccoplants.TheytookastrainofEscherichiacoli大肠杆菌bacteriathatcausesfoodpoisoningandidentifiedthepartofthepoisonwhichbindstoitsvictimsgutcells.TheythenusedamodifiedplantbacteriumcalledAgrobacteriumtumefascienstotransferthesegmentofDNAwhichmanufacturesthebindingproteinintothetobaccoplant.UndernormalcircumstancesthesebacteriatransferpacketsofDNAintoplantcellstoforcetheplanttomanufacturethenutrientstheyneed.ButinthemodifiedbacteriatheDNApackageincludesthegenetopro-ducethebindingprotein.OncetheforeignDNAsegmentwasincorporated结合合并intothetobacco’sownDNAthebacteriawerekilledoffwithantibiotics.Mason’steamthengrewthesemodifiedtobaccoplantsandfoundthattheyproducedtheE.colibindingprotein.Proofofsuccesscamewhenthetobaccoleavesweremashedup捣碎andsquirtedintothestomachsofmice.MasonsaysthatwithindaysthemicestartedproducingspecificantibodiestotheE.colipoisonbutsufferednoilleffectsfromdigestingthebindingprotein.Masonthenproducedgeneticallyengineeredpotatoesandfedthesetomicewithsimilarresults.Mason’steamhaveusedplantstoproducevaccinesagainstanumberofotherinfectiousagents.ForexampletheyhavemadeavaccineusingaproteinfromtheshelloftheNorwalkviruswhichcausesdiarrhoea腹泻inchildren.AthirdvaccinehasalsobeenproducedintobaccousingasurfaceproteinfromthehepatitisBvirus.ButMasonsaysthatsofartheyhaveonlybeenabletoproducesmallamountsofitinpotatoes.AlthoughavaccinealreadyexistsagainsthepatitisBacheaperplantversioncouldmakemassimmunisation群众性免疫possible.Oneproblemwithgrowingpotatoestoproducevaccinesisthatcookingtendstodestroytheproteincomponentofthevaccinesotheymustbeeatenraw.Masonthinksthatbananasmaybeabetteroption.OnebananacouldpotentiallyproduceawholehostofdifferentvaccinessaysMason.Whichofthefollowingisnotaplantthatcanbeusedtogrowvaccines
Relaxation Duringastateofdeeprelaxationseveralphysiologicalchangestakeplaceinthebody:thebody’soxygenconsumptionisreduced;theheartheatdecreases;muscletensionandsweatingeaseandthereisdecreasedsympathetic交感的nervoussystemactivity.Thisrestfulstatenotonlyallowsthebodytorepairandrestoreitselfbutithasacalmingeffectontheconsciousness. Howtoachievethisstateofrelaxationhoweverisamatterofopinionandinsomemedicalcirclesamatterofcontroversy争论.ArecentreportbyDr.DavidHolmesoftheUniversityofKansasinthejournal"AmericanPsychologist"saidthatsimplysittinginanarmchairhasjustasmanybeneficialcharacteristicsforthebodyasmeditation冥想does.Researchersofotherrelaxationtechniquesdisagree.Theseexpertsbelievethatmorestructuredtechniquessuchasmeditationleadtoaconditionofdeeprelaxation. Thedebategoesonbutonethingappearstobeclearthattherelaxationresponsecanbereachedbyanumberofmethodsandthemethodsthemselvesarenotasimportantasgettingthere.Onedayonemethodmayworkbest;onanotherdayanalternativemethodmaybemoreappropriate.Onceyouareawareofallthemethodsyoucanfindtheonethatworksbestforyou. Someoftherelaxationtechniquesaremeditationautoanalysis自我心理分析andprogressivemusclerelaxation.Althoughthesetechniquesmaynotintheendproducemoreofarelaxationresponsethanjustsittingquietlyinachairtheyhavetheaddedbenefitofstructureanddisciplineandforthesereasonsappeartobemoreeffectiveformostindividuals. Theauthor’sattitudetowardrelaxationdiscussedinthepassageisbestdescribedas.
Youcanturntodifferentkindsofpeopledictionariesormapstofindoutwhatyouwishtoknow.
{{*HTML*}}1.Thousandsofyearsagomanusedhandyrocksforhissurgicaloperations.Laterheusedsharpboneorhornmetalknivesandmorerecentlyrubberandplastic.Andthatwaswherewestuckinsurgicalinstrumenttermsformanyyears.Inthe1960sanewtoolwasdevelopedonewhichwasfirstofalltobeofgreatpracticalusetothearmedforcesandindustrybutwhichwasalsointimetorevolutionizetheartandscienceofsurgery.??2.Thetoolisthelaseranditisbeingusedbymoreandmoresurgeonsallovertheworldforaverylargenumberofdifferentcomplaints.Thewordlasermeans:LightAmplificationbyStimulatedEmissionofRadiation.Asweallknowlightishot;anysourceoflight--fromthesunitselfclowntoahumblematchburning--willgivewarmth.Butlightisusuallyspreadoutoverawidearea.Thelightinalaserbeamhoweverisconcentrated.Thismeansthatalightwithnomorepowerthanthatproducedbyanordinaryelectriclightbulbbecomesintenselystrongasitisconcentratedtoapinpoint-sizedbeam.??3.Experimentswiththesepinpointbeamshaveshownresearchersthatdifferentenergysourcesproducebeamsthathaveaparticulareffectoncertainlivingcells.Itisnowpossibleforeyesurgeonstooperateonthebackofthehumaneyewithoutharmingthefrontoftheeyesimplybypassingalaserbeamrightthroughtheeyeball.Noknivesnostitchesnounwanteddamage--atruesurgicalwonder.??4.Operationswhichonceleftpatientsexhaustedandinneedoflongperiodsofrecoverytimenowleavethemfeelingrelaxedandcomfortable.Somuchmoredifficultoperationscannowbetried.??5.Therapiddevelopmentoflasertechniquesinthepasttenyearshasmadeitclearthatthefutureislikelytobeveryexciting.Perhapssomecancerswillbetreatedwithlaserinawaythatmakessurgerynotonlysaferbutmoreeffective.Altogethertomorrowmayseemoreandmoreinformationcomingtolightonthediseaseswhichcanbetreatedmedically.Para1______.
Thelocalgovernmentdecidedtomergethetwofirmsintoabigone.
PeopleofBurlingtonarebeingdisturbedbythesoundofbells.FourstudentsfromBurlingtonCollegeofHigherEducationareinthebelltowerofthe51andhavemadeuptheirmindsto52thebellsnonstopfortwoweeksasaprotestagainstheavytruckswhichrun53throughthe narrowHighStreet."Theynotonlymakeit54tosleepatnightbuttheyare55damagetoourhousesandshopsofhistorical56"saidJohnNorrisoneoftheprotesters. "57wemusthavethesenoisytrucksontheroads"saidJeanLaceyabiologystudent."whydon’ttheybuildanewroadthatgoesroundthetownBurlingtonisn’tmuchmorethana58village.Itsstreetswerenever59forheavytraffic." HarryFieldsalsostudying60saidtheywantedtomakeasmuch61possibletoforcethegovemmentofficialstorealizewhateverybodywashavingto62."Mostofthemdon’t63hereanyway"hesaid"theycomeinformeetingsandthatandtheTownHallissoundproofsotheyprobablydon’t64.It’shightimetheyrealizedtheproblem."ThefourthstudentLizaVemumsaidshethoughtthepublicwere65ontheirsideandeveniftheyweren’ttheysoonwouldbe. 51
Volunteersarebeingrecruited征募toeatrawpotatoesinthefirsthumantrialsofavaccinegrowningeneticallyengineeredvegetables.ResearchersinTexashopethatpeoplewhoeatthepotatoeswillbeprotectedagainstcommongut肠肠子infections.Theybelievethistechniquecouldprovetobeacost-effectivewayofgrowingvaccinesindevelopingcountrieswheresuchdiseasesarestillkillers.OtherresearcherspreviouslysucceededinusingsimilartechniquestoproducepotentialvaccinesNowHughMasonandhiscolleaguesatTexasA&MUniversity得克萨斯农业及机械大学theirplantvaccinesonmiceandplantorecruit15volunteersforahumantrial.Theteamfirsttestedthetechniqueintobaccoplants.TheytookastrainofEscherichiacoli大肠杆菌bacteriathatcausesfoodpoisoningandidentifiedthepartofthepoisonwhichbindstoitsvictimsgutcells.TheythenusedamodifiedplantbacteriumcalledAgrobacteriumtumefascienstotransferthesegmentofDNAwhichmanufacturesthebindingproteinintothetobaccoplant.UndernormalcircumstancesthesebacteriatransferpacketsofDNAintoplantcellstoforcetheplanttomanufacturethenutrientstheyneed.ButinthemodifiedbacteriatheDNApackageincludesthegenetopro-ducethebindingprotein.OncetheforeignDNAsegmentwasincorporated结合合并intothetobacco’sownDNAthebacteriawerekilledoffwithantibiotics.Mason’steamthengrewthesemodifiedtobaccoplantsandfoundthattheyproducedtheE.colibindingprotein.Proofofsuccesscamewhenthetobaccoleavesweremashedup捣碎andsquirtedintothestomachsofmice.MasonsaysthatwithindaysthemicestartedproducingspecificantibodiestotheE.colipoisonbutsufferednoilleffectsfromdigestingthebindingprotein.Masonthenproducedgeneticallyengineeredpotatoesandfedthesetomicewithsimilarresults.Mason’steamhaveusedplantstoproducevaccinesagainstanumberofotherinfectiousagents.ForexampletheyhavemadeavaccineusingaproteinfromtheshelloftheNorwalkviruswhichcausesdiarrhoea腹泻inchildren.AthirdvaccinehasalsobeenproducedintobaccousingasurfaceproteinfromthehepatitisBvirus.ButMasonsaysthatsofartheyhaveonlybeenabletoproducesmallamountsofitinpotatoes.AlthoughavaccinealreadyexistsagainsthepatitisBacheaperplantversioncouldmakemassimmunisation群众性免疫possible.Oneproblemwithgrowingpotatoestoproducevaccinesisthatcookingtendstodestroytheproteincomponentofthevaccinesotheymustbeeatenraw.Masonthinksthatbananasmaybeabetteroption.OnebananacouldpotentiallyproduceawholehostofdifferentvaccinessaysMason.Whichofthefollowingisaplantbacteriumusedtogrowvaccines
Relaxation Duringastateofdeeprelaxationseveralphysiologicalchangestakeplaceinthebody:thebody’soxygenconsumptionisreduced;theheartheatdecreases;muscletensionandsweatingeaseandthereisdecreasedsympathetic交感的nervoussystemactivity.Thisrestfulstatenotonlyallowsthebodytorepairandrestoreitselfbutithasacalmingeffectontheconsciousness. Howtoachievethisstateofrelaxationhoweverisamatterofopinionandinsomemedicalcirclesamatterofcontroversy争论.ArecentreportbyDr.DavidHolmesoftheUniversityofKansasinthejournal"AmericanPsychologist"saidthatsimplysittinginanarmchairhasjustasmanybeneficialcharacteristicsforthebodyasmeditation冥想does.Researchersofotherrelaxationtechniquesdisagree.Theseexpertsbelievethatmorestructuredtechniquessuchasmeditationleadtoaconditionofdeeprelaxation. Thedebategoesonbutonethingappearstobeclearthattherelaxationresponsecanbereachedbyanumberofmethodsandthemethodsthemselvesarenotasimportantasgettingthere.Onedayonemethodmayworkbest;onanotherdayanalternativemethodmaybemoreappropriate.Onceyouareawareofallthemethodsyoucanfindtheonethatworksbestforyou. Someoftherelaxationtechniquesaremeditationautoanalysis自我心理分析andprogressivemusclerelaxation.Althoughthesetechniquesmaynotintheendproducemoreofarelaxationresponsethanjustsittingquietlyinachairtheyhavetheaddedbenefitofstructureanddisciplineandforthesereasonsappeartobemoreeffectiveformostindividuals. AccordingtothepassagewhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtruewhenapersonisinastateofdeeprelaxation
Supposeyoumakeyourparentssohappytheydecidetohaveanotherbabyjustlikeyou.Itmightbeflattering讨人喜欢的buthowwouldyoufeelabouthavingalittlebrotherorsisterwhoisalsoyourtwinAlaboratoryexperimentconductedlastfallsuggestsitmaysomedaybepossible.Forthefirsttimeeverscientistsmadeexactcopiesorclones克隆ofahumanembryo.Althoughtheembryosgrewforonlysixdaysclonedembryoscouldtheoreticallybeimplantedinawoman’swomb子宫anddevelopintonormalbabies.Ortheycouldbefrozenandimplantedyearslater.Thescientistsdevelopedtheircloningtechniquetomakeiteasierforchildlesscouplestohavebabiesbyinvitro在体外的fertilization.Inthisproceduresperm精子fromthemanfertilizesaneggfromthewomaninalaboratorydish.Inmostcasedoctorsmusttryimplantingseveralembryosbeforeonestaysinthewomb.Clonedembryoswouldgivethemmanymoreembryostoimplant.Butthetechniquecouldalsobeusedforotherpurposes.Parentsmightfreezeembryosclonedfromtheirchildrensothattheycouldbereplacedifanyofthemdied.Thecloneswouldalsobeidealdonorsifthechildrenneededorgantransplants.Anotherpossibility:Childlesscouplescouldgotoabankoffrozenembryosandchooseachildjustlikeonewho’salreadyliving.Somepeopleareconcernedthatthesecouplesmightpickonlybeautifulsuccessfulchildren.Theethicaldilemmas困境ofcloninghavenotyetbeendiscussedfullybecausethepublicassumeditwasalongwayoff.Manypeoplearecallingfor要求提倡controlsoncloningimmediatelybeforethepracticeisabused.WhatdoyouthinkThescientistsdevelopedtheircloningtechniquetomakeiteasierforchildlesscouplestohavebabiesbyinvivofertilization.
Volunteersarebeingrecruited征募toeatrawpotatoesinthefirsthumantrialsofavaccinegrowningeneticallyengineeredvegetables.ResearchersinTexashopethatpeoplewhoeatthepotatoeswillbeprotectedagainstcommongut肠肠子infections.Theybelievethistechniquecouldprovetobeacost-effectivewayofgrowingvaccinesindevelopingcountrieswheresuchdiseasesarestillkillers.OtherresearcherspreviouslysucceededinusingsimilartechniquestoproducepotentialvaccinesNowHughMasonandhiscolleaguesatTexasA&MUniversity得克萨斯农业及机械大学theirplantvaccinesonmiceandplantorecruit15volunteersforahumantrial.Theteamfirsttestedthetechniqueintobaccoplants.TheytookastrainofEscherichiacoli大肠杆菌bacteriathatcausesfoodpoisoningandidentifiedthepartofthepoisonwhichbindstoitsvictimsgutcells.TheythenusedamodifiedplantbacteriumcalledAgrobacteriumtumefascienstotransferthesegmentofDNAwhichmanufacturesthebindingproteinintothetobaccoplant.UndernormalcircumstancesthesebacteriatransferpacketsofDNAintoplantcellstoforcetheplanttomanufacturethenutrientstheyneed.ButinthemodifiedbacteriatheDNApackageincludesthegenetopro-ducethebindingprotein.OncetheforeignDNAsegmentwasincorporated结合合并intothetobacco’sownDNAthebacteriawerekilledoffwithantibiotics.Mason’steamthengrewthesemodifiedtobaccoplantsandfoundthattheyproducedtheE.colibindingprotein.Proofofsuccesscamewhenthetobaccoleavesweremashedup捣碎andsquirtedintothestomachsofmice.MasonsaysthatwithindaysthemicestartedproducingspecificantibodiestotheE.colipoisonbutsufferednoilleffectsfromdigestingthebindingprotein.Masonthenproducedgeneticallyengineeredpotatoesandfedthesetomicewithsimilarresults.Mason’steamhaveusedplantstoproducevaccinesagainstanumberofotherinfectiousagents.ForexampletheyhavemadeavaccineusingaproteinfromtheshelloftheNorwalkviruswhichcausesdiarrhoea腹泻inchildren.AthirdvaccinehasalsobeenproducedintobaccousingasurfaceproteinfromthehepatitisBvirus.ButMasonsaysthatsofartheyhaveonlybeenabletoproducesmallamountsofitinpotatoes.AlthoughavaccinealreadyexistsagainsthepatitisBacheaperplantversioncouldmakemassimmunisation群众性免疫possible.Oneproblemwithgrowingpotatoestoproducevaccinesisthatcookingtendstodestroytheproteincomponentofthevaccinesotheymustbeeatenraw.Masonthinksthatbananasmaybeabetteroption.OnebananacouldpotentiallyproduceawholehostofdifferentvaccinessaysMason.Whichofthefollowingistrue
Supposeyoumakeyourparentssohappytheydecidetohaveanotherbabyjustlikeyou.Itmightbeflattering讨人喜欢的buthowwouldyoufeelabouthavingalittlebrotherorsisterwhoisalsoyourtwinAlaboratoryexperimentconductedlastfallsuggestsitmaysomedaybepossible.Forthefirsttimeeverscientistsmadeexactcopiesorclones克隆ofahumanembryo.Althoughtheembryosgrewforonlysixdaysclonedembryoscouldtheoreticallybeimplantedinawoman’swomb子宫anddevelopintonormalbabies.Ortheycouldbefrozenandimplantedyearslater.Thescientistsdevelopedtheircloningtechniquetomakeiteasierforchildlesscouplestohavebabiesbyinvitro在体外的fertilization.Inthisproceduresperm精子fromthemanfertilizesaneggfromthewomaninalaboratorydish.Inmostcasedoctorsmusttryimplantingseveralembryosbeforeonestaysinthewomb.Clonedembryoswouldgivethemmanymoreembryostoimplant.Butthetechniquecouldalsobeusedforotherpurposes.Parentsmightfreezeembryosclonedfromtheirchildrensothattheycouldbereplacedifanyofthemdied.Thecloneswouldalsobeidealdonorsifthechildrenneededorgantransplants.Anotherpossibility:Childlesscouplescouldgotoabankoffrozenembryosandchooseachildjustlikeonewho’salreadyliving.Somepeopleareconcernedthatthesecouplesmightpickonlybeautifulsuccessfulchildren.Theethicaldilemmas困境ofcloninghavenotyetbeendiscussedfullybecausethepublicassumeditwasalongwayoff.Manypeoplearecallingfor要求提倡controlsoncloningimmediatelybeforethepracticeisabused.WhatdoyouthinkTheethicaldilemmasofcloninghaspreventeditfromfurtherdeveloping.
{{*HTML*}}WatchingMicrocurrentsFlow??Wecannowwatchelectricityasitflowsthrougheventhetiniestcircuits.Byscanningthemagneticfieldgeneratedaselectriccurrentsflowthroughobjectsphysicistshavemanaged?46?.Thetechnologywillallowmanufacturerstoscanmicrochipsforfaultsaswellasrevealingmicroscopicdefectsinanythingfromaircrafttobanknotes.??GangXiaoandBenSchragatBrownUniversityinProvidenceRhodeIslandvisualizethecurrentbymeasuringsubtlechangesinthemagneticfieldofanobjectand?47???Theirsensorisadaptedfromanexistingpieceofteclmologythatisusedtomeasurelargemagneticfieldsincomputerharddrives.WeredesignedthemagneticsensortomakeitcapableofmeasuringveryweakchangesinmagneticfieldssaysXiao.??Theresultingdeviceiscapableofdetectingacurrentasweakas10microamperesevenwhenthewireisburieddeepwithinaclipanditshovesupfeaturesassmallas40nanometersacross.??Atpresentengineerslookingfordefectsinachiphavetopeeloffthelayersandexaminethecircuitsvisually;thisisoneoftheobstacles?48?.Butthenewmagneticmicroscopeissensitiveenoughtolookinsidechipsandrevealfaultssuchasshortcircuitsnicksinthewiresorelectromigrationwhereadenseareaofcurrentpicksupsurroundingatomsandmovesthemalong.ItislikewatchingariverflowexplainsXiao.??Aswellasscanningtinycircuitsthemicroscopecanbeusedtorevealtheinternalstructureofanyobjectcapableofconductingelectricity.Forexampleitcouldlookdirectlyatmicroscopiccracksinanaero-plane’sfuselage?49?.ThetechniquecannotyetpickupelectricalactivityinthehumanbrainbecausethecurrentthereistoosmallbutXiaodoesn’truleitoutinthefuture.Icanneversayneverhasays.??AlthoughtheresearchershaveonlyjustmadethetechnicaldetailsofthemicroscopepublicitisalreadyonsalefromelectronicscompanyMicroMagneticsinFallRiverMassachusetts.ItiscurrentlythesizeofarefrigeratorandtakesseveralminutestoscanacircuitbutXiaoandSchragareworking?50?.??A.toshrinkittothesizeofadesktopcomputerandcutthescanningtimeto30seconds??B.tomakingchipsanysmaller??C.totaketinychipswerequire??D.topicturetheprogressofthecurrents??E.convertingtheinformationintoacolorpictureshowingthedensityofcurrentateachpoint??F.faultsinthemetalstripofaforgedbanknoteorbacteriainawatersample
PeopleofBurlingtonarebeingdisturbedbythesoundofbells.FourstudentsfromBurlingtonCollegeofHigherEducationareinthebelltowerofthe51andhavemadeuptheirmindsto52thebellsnonstopfortwoweeksasaprotestagainstheavytruckswhichrun53throughthe narrowHighStreet."Theynotonlymakeit54tosleepatnightbuttheyare55damagetoourhousesandshopsofhistorical56"saidJohnNorrisoneoftheprotesters. "57wemusthavethesenoisytrucksontheroads"saidJeanLaceyabiologystudent."whydon’ttheybuildanewroadthatgoesroundthetownBurlingtonisn’tmuchmorethana58village.Itsstreetswerenever59forheavytraffic." HarryFieldsalsostudying60saidtheywantedtomakeasmuch61possibletoforcethegovemmentofficialstorealizewhateverybodywashavingto62."Mostofthemdon’t63hereanyway"hesaid"theycomeinformeetingsandthatandtheTownHallissoundproofsotheyprobablydon’t64.It’shightimetheyrealizedtheproblem."ThefourthstudentLizaVemumsaidshethoughtthepublicwere65ontheirsideandeveniftheyweren’ttheysoonwouldbe. 53
{{*HTML*}}WatchingMicrocurrentsFlow??Wecannowwatchelectricityasitflowsthrougheventhetiniestcircuits.Byscanningthemagneticfieldgeneratedaselectriccurrentsflowthroughobjectsphysicistshavemanaged?46?.Thetechnologywillallowmanufacturerstoscanmicrochipsforfaultsaswellasrevealingmicroscopicdefectsinanythingfromaircrafttobanknotes.??GangXiaoandBenSchragatBrownUniversityinProvidenceRhodeIslandvisualizethecurrentbymeasuringsubtlechangesinthemagneticfieldofanobjectand?47???Theirsensorisadaptedfromanexistingpieceofteclmologythatisusedtomeasurelargemagneticfieldsincomputerharddrives.WeredesignedthemagneticsensortomakeitcapableofmeasuringveryweakchangesinmagneticfieldssaysXiao.??Theresultingdeviceiscapableofdetectingacurrentasweakas10microamperesevenwhenthewireisburieddeepwithinaclipanditshovesupfeaturesassmallas40nanometersacross.??Atpresentengineerslookingfordefectsinachiphavetopeeloffthelayersandexaminethecircuitsvisually;thisisoneoftheobstacles?48?.Butthenewmagneticmicroscopeissensitiveenoughtolookinsidechipsandrevealfaultssuchasshortcircuitsnicksinthewiresorelectromigrationwhereadenseareaofcurrentpicksupsurroundingatomsandmovesthemalong.ItislikewatchingariverflowexplainsXiao.??Aswellasscanningtinycircuitsthemicroscopecanbeusedtorevealtheinternalstructureofanyobjectcapableofconductingelectricity.Forexampleitcouldlookdirectlyatmicroscopiccracksinanaero-plane’sfuselage?49?.ThetechniquecannotyetpickupelectricalactivityinthehumanbrainbecausethecurrentthereistoosmallbutXiaodoesn’truleitoutinthefuture.Icanneversayneverhasays.??AlthoughtheresearchershaveonlyjustmadethetechnicaldetailsofthemicroscopepublicitisalreadyonsalefromelectronicscompanyMicroMagneticsinFallRiverMassachusetts.ItiscurrentlythesizeofarefrigeratorandtakesseveralminutestoscanacircuitbutXiaoandSchragareworking?50?.??A.toshrinkittothesizeofadesktopcomputerandcutthescanningtimeto30seconds??B.tomakingchipsanysmaller??C.totaketinychipswerequire??D.topicturetheprogressofthecurrents??E.convertingtheinformationintoacolorpictureshowingthedensityofcurrentateachpoint??F.faultsinthemetalstripofaforgedbanknoteorbacteriainawatersample
SavingMoneyWhereyousaveyourmoneyoftendependsonwhatyouaresavingfor.IfyouaresavingtobuyaCD光盘ortogotoaconcertthenprobablyyouwouldkeepyourmoneysomewhereinyourroom.IfyoualesavingforabigpurchaselikeamountainbikeoraschooltripwherewouldyousaveyourmoneyOneplacetosavemoneyisthebankPuttingyourmoneyinasavingsaccountwillhelpyourmoneyearnmoremoneyIfyouputyourmoneyinapiggybank猪形储蓄罐oneyearlateryou’llstillhavethesameamountofmoneyyouputin.Ifyouputyourmoneyinasavingsaccountoneyearlateryou’llhavemoremoneythanyouputinWhyWhenyoukeepyourmoneyinabank.yourmoneyearnsinterest.InterestisanamountofmoneyabankpaysyoutouseyourmoneyThebankusesyourmoneyandthemoneyofotherpeopletootoloanmoneytopeopleandbusinessesThebankwillsendyouastatementseveraltimesayear.AbankstatementtellsyouhowmuchmoneyyouhaveinyouraccountItalsotellsyouhowmuchinterestyouhaveearnedIfyouleaveyourmoneyinthebankyoucanwatchitgrow!AnotherwayyoucansavemoneyistobuyacertificateofdepositorCD.Ifyouhavesomemoneythatyoudon’tneedtouseforalongtimethisisagoodwaytomakeyourmoneygrow.YouCanbuyaCD.atabankYouagreenottousethemoneyforacertainperiodoftimeThatperiodmightbefromsixmonthstofiveyears.Youcan’ttouchyourmoneyduringthattimeIfyoudoyoumustpayapenaltyorfeeIfyoudrawyourmoneybeforeitisdueyouwillhaveto
Relaxation Duringastateofdeeprelaxationseveralphysiologicalchangestakeplaceinthebody:thebody’soxygenconsumptionisreduced;theheartheatdecreases;muscletensionandsweatingeaseandthereisdecreasedsympathetic交感的nervoussystemactivity.Thisrestfulstatenotonlyallowsthebodytorepairandrestoreitselfbutithasacalmingeffectontheconsciousness. Howtoachievethisstateofrelaxationhoweverisamatterofopinionandinsomemedicalcirclesamatterofcontroversy争论.ArecentreportbyDr.DavidHolmesoftheUniversityofKansasinthejournal"AmericanPsychologist"saidthatsimplysittinginanarmchairhasjustasmanybeneficialcharacteristicsforthebodyasmeditation冥想does.Researchersofotherrelaxationtechniquesdisagree.Theseexpertsbelievethatmorestructuredtechniquessuchasmeditationleadtoaconditionofdeeprelaxation. Thedebategoesonbutonethingappearstobeclearthattherelaxationresponsecanbereachedbyanumberofmethodsandthemethodsthemselvesarenotasimportantasgettingthere.Onedayonemethodmayworkbest;onanotherdayanalternativemethodmaybemoreappropriate.Onceyouareawareofallthemethodsyoucanfindtheonethatworksbestforyou. Someoftherelaxationtechniquesaremeditationautoanalysis自我心理分析andprogressivemusclerelaxation.Althoughthesetechniquesmaynotintheendproducemoreofarelaxationresponsethanjustsittingquietlyinachairtheyhavetheaddedbenefitofstructureanddisciplineandforthesereasonsappeartobemoreeffectiveformostindividuals. Inthethirdparagraphthephrasepettingtheremeans.
DietAlcoholLinkedtoNearlyOneThirdofCancers Dietissecondonlytotobaccoasaleading1ofcancerandalongwithalcoholisresponsiblefornearlyonethirdofcasesofthedisease2developedcountriesaleadingresearchersaidonTuesday. Dr.TimKeyoftheUniversityofOxfordtoldacancerconferencethatscientistsarestilldiscoveringhowcertainfoodscontributeto3buttheyknowthatdietalcoholandobesity4amajorrole. "Fivepercentofcancerscouldbeavoided5nobodywasobese"hesaid. Whiletobaccoislinkedtoabout306ofcancercasesdietisinvolvedinallestimated25percentandalcohol7aboutsixpercent. Obesityraisesthe8ofbreastwombbowelandkidneycancerwhilealcoholisknowntocausecancersofthemouththroatandliver.Itsdangerousimpactis9whencombinedwithsmoking. KeytoldthemeetingofthecharityCancerResearchUK10otherelementsofdietlinkedtocancerare11unknownbutscientistsarehopingthattheEPICstudywhichiscomparingthedietsof500000peoplein10countriesandtheirriskofcancerwillprovidesome12 EarlyresultsofthestudyhaverevealedthatNorwaySwedenandDenmarkhavethe13consumptionoffruitandvegetablesamongEuropeancountrieswhileItalyandSpainhavethehighest.Eatingat14fiveportionsoffruitandvegetablesadayisrecommendedtoreducetheriskofcancer. KeyprincipalscientistontheEPICstudysaiditislookingatdietarylinkstosomeofthemostcommoncancers15colorectalbreastandprostate. 64
Thenewjobwillprovideyouwithinvaluableexperience.
WithimmensereliefIstoppedrunning.
{{*HTML*}}1.Thousandsofyearsagomanusedhandyrocksforhissurgicaloperations.Laterheusedsharpboneorhornmetalknivesandmorerecentlyrubberandplastic.Andthatwaswherewestuckinsurgicalinstrumenttermsformanyyears.Inthe1960sanewtoolwasdevelopedonewhichwasfirstofalltobeofgreatpracticalusetothearmedforcesandindustrybutwhichwasalsointimetorevolutionizetheartandscienceofsurgery.??2.Thetoolisthelaseranditisbeingusedbymoreandmoresurgeonsallovertheworldforaverylargenumberofdifferentcomplaints.Thewordlasermeans:LightAmplificationbyStimulatedEmissionofRadiation.Asweallknowlightishot;anysourceoflight--fromthesunitselfclowntoahumblematchburning--willgivewarmth.Butlightisusuallyspreadoutoverawidearea.Thelightinalaserbeamhoweverisconcentrated.Thismeansthatalightwithnomorepowerthanthatproducedbyanordinaryelectriclightbulbbecomesintenselystrongasitisconcentratedtoapinpoint-sizedbeam.??3.Experimentswiththesepinpointbeamshaveshownresearchersthatdifferentenergysourcesproducebeamsthathaveaparticulareffectoncertainlivingcells.Itisnowpossibleforeyesurgeonstooperateonthebackofthehumaneyewithoutharmingthefrontoftheeyesimplybypassingalaserbeamrightthroughtheeyeball.Noknivesnostitchesnounwanteddamage--atruesurgicalwonder.??4.Operationswhichonceleftpatientsexhaustedandinneedoflongperiodsofrecoverytimenowleavethemfeelingrelaxedandcomfortable.Somuchmoredifficultoperationscannowbetried.??5.Therapiddevelopmentoflasertechniquesinthepasttenyearshasmadeitclearthatthefutureislikelytobeveryexciting.Perhapssomecancerswillbetreatedwithlaserinawaythatmakessurgerynotonlysaferbutmoreeffective.Altogethertomorrowmayseemoreandmoreinformationcomingtolightonthediseaseswhichcanbetreatedmedically.______meanslightamplificationbystimulatedemissionofradiation.
Theemphasisontheimportanceofeducationhasspurredscientificresearch.
PeopleofBurlingtonarebeingdisturbedbythesoundofbells.FourstudentsfromBurlingtonCollegeofHigherEducationareinthebelltowerofthe51andhavemadeuptheirmindsto52thebellsnonstopfortwoweeksasaprotestagainstheavytruckswhichrun53throughthe narrowHighStreet."Theynotonlymakeit54tosleepatnightbuttheyare55damagetoourhousesandshopsofhistorical56"saidJohnNorrisoneoftheprotesters. "57wemusthavethesenoisytrucksontheroads"saidJeanLaceyabiologystudent."whydon’ttheybuildanewroadthatgoesroundthetownBurlingtonisn’tmuchmorethana58village.Itsstreetswerenever59forheavytraffic." HarryFieldsalsostudying60saidtheywantedtomakeasmuch61possibletoforcethegovemmentofficialstorealizewhateverybodywashavingto62."Mostofthemdon’t63hereanyway"hesaid"theycomeinformeetingsandthatandtheTownHallissoundproofsotheyprobablydon’t64.It’shightimetheyrealizedtheproblem."ThefourthstudentLizaVemumsaidshethoughtthepublicwere65ontheirsideandeveniftheyweren’ttheysoonwouldbe. 57
Italianicecreamisimitatedallovertheworld.
PeopleofBurlingtonarebeingdisturbedbythesoundofbells.FourstudentsfromBurlingtonCollegeofHigherEducationareinthebelltowerofthe51andhavemadeuptheirmindsto52thebellsnonstopfortwoweeksasaprotestagainstheavytruckswhichrun53throughthe narrowHighStreet."Theynotonlymakeit54tosleepatnightbuttheyare55damagetoourhousesandshopsofhistorical56"saidJohnNorrisoneoftheprotesters. "57wemusthavethesenoisytrucksontheroads"saidJeanLaceyabiologystudent."whydon’ttheybuildanewroadthatgoesroundthetownBurlingtonisn’tmuchmorethana58village.Itsstreetswerenever59forheavytraffic." HarryFieldsalsostudying60saidtheywantedtomakeasmuch61possibletoforcethegovemmentofficialstorealizewhateverybodywashavingto62."Mostofthemdon’t63hereanyway"hesaid"theycomeinformeetingsandthatandtheTownHallissoundproofsotheyprobablydon’t64.It’shightimetheyrealizedtheproblem."ThefourthstudentLizaVemumsaidshethoughtthepublicwere65ontheirsideandeveniftheyweren’ttheysoonwouldbe. 55
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