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下列属于扶正治则指导下确立的治法( )
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不属于在扶正治则指导下确定的治法是
发汗
滋阴
养血
益气
扶阳
下列治法中哪项不属于扶正治则指导下确定的治法
发汗
滋阴
养血
益气
下列各项中不属于在扶正治则指导下确定的治法是
发汗
滋阴
养血
益气
扶阳
下列哪项不属于扶正治则指导下确定的治法
发汗
滋阴
养血
益气
扶阳
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PartBDirections:Youaregoingtoreadthetipsontopoftheworldfollowedbyalistofexamples.ChoosethebestexamplefromthelistA~Fforeachnumberedsubheading41~45.Thereisoneextraexamplewhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.10points41.WhatdoyouneedinordertobearecordbreakerSportsexpertsagreethatthesinglemostimportantfactorincreatingachampionisgeneticmake-up:thepossessionofgenesthatimpartaninnateabilitytostrideleapburnenergyefficientlyorsucklotsofoxygenfromtheair.Thegreatathletesaregenuinestatisticaloutliers...physiologicalfreakssayssportsscientistCraigSharpofBrunelUniversityinMiddlesexUK.42.HowwillwefindorcreatethenextgenerationofchampionathletesThemostlikelywayistowidenoursearchtofindsomeonewithageneticmake-upthatallowshimorhertosurpassotherathletes.WhenEastAfricanrunnersbegancompetinginternationallyforexampleitbecameapparentthattheirlightframesmakethemuniquelyeconomicalintheiruseofenergy.43.HavewereachedthelimitofhumanperformanceNobutrecordsarebeingbrokenbyevernarrowermargins.Whenstatisticiansplothowthebestperformanceinagiveneventchangesovertimetheyseethegraphlevelingoff.Andtheshortertheeventthesmallerarethesliversoftimebeingshavedoff.SoalthoughPaulaRadcliffehasslicedwholesecondsoffthemarathonworldrecordsprintersareimprovingbymerehundredthsofasecond.44.WillweeverreachanabsolutelimitTheoreticallyanabsolutetimetohowfarorfastthehumanbodycangodoesbut"whereitiswedon’tknow"saysMillar.Perhapstheonlywaywecanrecognizetheultimateperformancewillberetrospectivelyafterarecordhasstoodforyears.45.InfuturewillathletessimplytesttheirlimitsinnewwaysAsrecordsbecomeharderandhardertobreakwemaystartcomparingathletesbyotherstandardssuchasthenumberofgoldmedalsortheirperformanceovertime.LanceArmstrong’ssixconsecutivewinsintheTourdeFranceforexamplemayneverbesurpassed."Theelitemightbedefinedbyhowmanytimestheywin"saysMillar: A.Someexpertshavetriedtocalculatetheabsolutelimitofperformance.Theytakethehighestvaluefobeachcrucialphysiologicalfactoreverrecordedinanathletesuchasthemaximumoxygenuptakethegreatestefficiencywithwhichenergyisburnedandthebeststamina.Thentheyfigureouthowfastsomeonemightgoifthesewereallcombinedinonebody.Bythesecalculationswemayonedayseeasub-twohourmarathonorevenathree-and-a-half-minutemile.Buttheprobabilityoffindingsomeonewiththeseexceptionalabilitiesisprettylow. B.Ontopofthishowevertrainingandtechniquearevital.Theyallowathletestosculptmusclesforexamplesothattheyburnlessenergywhileachievingthesamespeedsasothers.State-of-the-arttechnologycanbeessentialparticularlyinsportsthatrelyonspecializedequipmentsuchastennisorpolevaulting.Chancealsoplaysapart:cooltemperaturesorwindmightaddthatextrapushforarunnerorlongjumper.Ultimatelyarecord-breakingperformancedependsonbringingallofthesefactorstogetherontherightday. C.Noteverysportcanbeaccuratelymeasuredofcourse.Runningandjumpingcanbequantifiedwithstickorstopwatchbutfootballandtennisperformancesaremuchhardertogauge. D.Psychologyisvital.Athletesneedenormousfocusanddrivetowin.Manypeoplethinkthatthemainbarriertobreakingthefour-minutemilewasapsychologicalone:onceRogerBannisterdiditin1954severalothersclockedsub-four-minutetimesshortlyafterwards.Sometimesbreakingarecordinvolvestakingariskinaneventsuchasbreakingfromthepackwithafulllaptogoandthattakesacertainstate. E.Oncescientistshaveidentifiedthegenesthatconferageneticadvantageinsportathletesmightalsobescreenedtopickouttheoneswithmostgeneticpotential."Thereareallsortsofpeopleoutthereandwedon’tknowwhattheycando"saysexerciseandsportsscientistCarlFosteroftheUniversityofWisconsininLaCrosse.Becausetherewardsaregrowingandcompetitionisbecomingmoreintenseathletesarebeingdrivenmoreandmoretowardsdrugstogaintheedge.Expertspredictthatthenextgenerationofchampionswillincludemany’lopedones.Theyareparticularlyfearfulof"genedoping"inwhichathletesboosttheperformanceofkeygenes. F.Athletesmightalsoinventnewsportstotestthemselves.Theemergenceofthetriathloninthe1970swasfuelledbyrunnersswimmersandcyclistslookingforanewchallenge;itmadeitsdebutasanOlympiceventin2000. 41
发热午后热甚身热不扬属于
导致心气涣散神不守舍甚则失神狂乱的情志因素是
蒲公英具有而紫花地丁不具有的功效是
下列选项中属于九味羌活汤的两味药物是
PartBDirections:Youaregoingtoreadthetipsontopoftheworldfollowedbyalistofexamples.ChoosethebestexamplefromthelistA~Fforeachnumberedsubheading41~45.Thereisoneextraexamplewhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.10points41.WhatdoyouneedinordertobearecordbreakerSportsexpertsagreethatthesinglemostimportantfactorincreatingachampionisgeneticmake-up:thepossessionofgenesthatimpartaninnateabilitytostrideleapburnenergyefficientlyorsucklotsofoxygenfromtheair.Thegreatathletesaregenuinestatisticaloutliers...physiologicalfreakssayssportsscientistCraigSharpofBrunelUniversityinMiddlesexUK.42.HowwillwefindorcreatethenextgenerationofchampionathletesThemostlikelywayistowidenoursearchtofindsomeonewithageneticmake-upthatallowshimorhertosurpassotherathletes.WhenEastAfricanrunnersbegancompetinginternationallyforexampleitbecameapparentthattheirlightframesmakethemuniquelyeconomicalintheiruseofenergy.43.HavewereachedthelimitofhumanperformanceNobutrecordsarebeingbrokenbyevernarrowermargins.Whenstatisticiansplothowthebestperformanceinagiveneventchangesovertimetheyseethegraphlevelingoff.Andtheshortertheeventthesmallerarethesliversoftimebeingshavedoff.SoalthoughPaulaRadcliffehasslicedwholesecondsoffthemarathonworldrecordsprintersareimprovingbymerehundredthsofasecond.44.WillweeverreachanabsolutelimitTheoreticallyanabsolutetimetohowfarorfastthehumanbodycangodoesbut"whereitiswedon’tknow"saysMillar.Perhapstheonlywaywecanrecognizetheultimateperformancewillberetrospectivelyafterarecordhasstoodforyears.45.InfuturewillathletessimplytesttheirlimitsinnewwaysAsrecordsbecomeharderandhardertobreakwemaystartcomparingathletesbyotherstandardssuchasthenumberofgoldmedalsortheirperformanceovertime.LanceArmstrong’ssixconsecutivewinsintheTourdeFranceforexamplemayneverbesurpassed."Theelitemightbedefinedbyhowmanytimestheywin"saysMillar: A.Someexpertshavetriedtocalculatetheabsolutelimitofperformance.Theytakethehighestvaluefobeachcrucialphysiologicalfactoreverrecordedinanathletesuchasthemaximumoxygenuptakethegreatestefficiencywithwhichenergyisburnedandthebeststamina.Thentheyfigureouthowfastsomeonemightgoifthesewereallcombinedinonebody.Bythesecalculationswemayonedayseeasub-twohourmarathonorevenathree-and-a-half-minutemile.Buttheprobabilityoffindingsomeonewiththeseexceptionalabilitiesisprettylow. B.Ontopofthishowevertrainingandtechniquearevital.Theyallowathletestosculptmusclesforexamplesothattheyburnlessenergywhileachievingthesamespeedsasothers.State-of-the-arttechnologycanbeessentialparticularlyinsportsthatrelyonspecializedequipmentsuchastennisorpolevaulting.Chancealsoplaysapart:cooltemperaturesorwindmightaddthatextrapushforarunnerorlongjumper.Ultimatelyarecord-breakingperformancedependsonbringingallofthesefactorstogetherontherightday. C.Noteverysportcanbeaccuratelymeasuredofcourse.Runningandjumpingcanbequantifiedwithstickorstopwatchbutfootballandtennisperformancesaremuchhardertogauge. D.Psychologyisvital.Athletesneedenormousfocusanddrivetowin.Manypeoplethinkthatthemainbarriertobreakingthefour-minutemilewasapsychologicalone:onceRogerBannisterdiditin1954severalothersclockedsub-four-minutetimesshortlyafterwards.Sometimesbreakingarecordinvolvestakingariskinaneventsuchasbreakingfromthepackwithafulllaptogoandthattakesacertainstate. E.Oncescientistshaveidentifiedthegenesthatconferageneticadvantageinsportathletesmightalsobescreenedtopickouttheoneswithmostgeneticpotential."Thereareallsortsofpeopleoutthereandwedon’tknowwhattheycando"saysexerciseandsportsscientistCarlFosteroftheUniversityofWisconsininLaCrosse.Becausetherewardsaregrowingandcompetitionisbecomingmoreintenseathletesarebeingdrivenmoreandmoretowardsdrugstogaintheedge.Expertspredictthatthenextgenerationofchampionswillincludemany’lopedones.Theyareparticularlyfearfulof"genedoping"inwhichathletesboosttheperformanceofkeygenes. F.Athletesmightalsoinventnewsportstotestthemselves.Theemergenceofthetriathloninthe1970swasfuelledbyrunnersswimmersandcyclistslookingforanewchallenge;itmadeitsdebutasanOlympiceventin2000. 43
气滞作痛的特点是
能反映其特点为刚脏主升主动的生理功能是
根据人与天地相应的观点下列除哪项外均对人体产生影响
虚劳感邪之后易伤元气宜扶正祛邪治疗选用
无阳则阴无以生无阴则阳无以化是指
目睛上视与斜视多属
下列方剂中含有包煎药物的是
症见胸闷作痛甚则胸痛彻背短气舌苔白腻脉弦紧治疗应首选
治疗血虚病证配用补气药物的生理基础是
Text4SofarasIknowMissHannahArendtwasthefirstpersontodefinetheessentialdifferencebetweenworkandlabor.Tobehappyamanmustfeelfirstlyfreeandsecondlyimportant.Hecannotbereallyhappyifheiscompelledbysocietytodowhathedoesnotenjoydoingorifwhatheenjoysdoingisignoredbysocietyasofnovalueorimportance.Inasocietywhereslaveryinthestrictsensehasbeenabolishedthesignthatwhatamandoesisofsocialvalueisthatheispaidmoneytodoitbutalaborertodaycanrightlybecalledawageslave.Amanisalaborerifthejobsocietyoffershimisofnointeresttohimselfbutheiscompelledtotakeitbythenecessityofearningalivingandsupportinghisfamily.Theantithesistolaborisplay.Whenweplayagameweenjoywhatwearedoingotherwiseweshouldnotplayitbutitisapurelyprivateactivity;societycouldnotcarelesswhetherweplayitornot.Betweenlaborandplaystandswork.Amanisaworkerifheispersonallyinterestedinthejobwhichsocietypayshimtodo;whatfromthepointofviewofsocietyisnecessarylaborisfromhisownpointofviewvoluntaryplay.Whetherajobistobeclassifiedaslabororworkdependsnotonthejobitselfbutonthetastesoftheindividualwhoundertakesit.Thedifferencedoesnotforexamplecoincidewiththedifferencebetweenamanualandamentaljob;agardener:oracobblermaybeaworkerabankclerkalaborer.Whichameanscanbeseenfromhisattitudetowardleisure.Toaworkerleisuremeanssimplythehoursheneedstorelaxandrestinordertoworkefficiently.Heisthereforemorelikelytotaketoolittleleisurethantoomuch;workersdieofcoronariesandforgettheirwives’birthdays.Tothelaborerontheotherhandleisuremeansfreedomfromcompulsionsothatitisnaturalforhimtoimaginethatthefewerhourshehastospendlaboringandthemorehoursheisfreetoplaythebetter.WhatpercentageofthepopulationinamodemtechnologicalsocietyarelikemyselfinthefortunatepositionofbeingworkersAtaguessIwouldsaysixteenpercentandIdonotthinkthatfigureislikelytogetbiggerinthefuture.Technologyandthedivisionoflaborhavedonetwothings:byeliminatinginmanyfieldstheneedforspecialstrengthorskilltheyhavemadeaverylargenumberofpaidoccupationswhichformerlywereenjoyableworkintoboringlaborandbyincreasingproductivitytheyhavereducedthenumberofnecessarylaboringhours.Itisalreadypossibletoimagineasocietyinwhichthemajorityofthepopulationthatistosayitslaborerswillhavealmostasmuchleisureasinearliertimeswasenjoyedbythearistocracy.Whenonerecallshowaristocraciesinthepastactuallybehavedtheprospectisnotcheerful.Indeedtheproblemofdealingwithboredommaybeevenmoredifficultforsuchafuturemasssocietythanitwasforaristocracies.Thelatterforexampleritualizedtheirtime;therewasaseasontoshootgrouseaseasontospendintownetc.Themassesaremorelikelytoreplaceanunchangingritualbyfashionwhichitwillbeintheeconomicinterestofcertainpeopletochangeasoftenaspossible.Againthemassescannotgoinforhuntingforverysoontherewouldbenoanimalslefttohunt.Forotheraristocraticamusementslikegamblingduelingandwarfareitmaybeonlytooeasytofindequivalentsindangerousdrivingdrag-takingandsenselessactsofviolence.Workersseldomcommitactsofviolencebecausetheycanputtheiraggressionintotheirworkbeitphysicalliketheworkofasmithormentalliketheworkofascientistoranartist.Theroleofaggressioninmentalworkisaptlyexpressedbythephrase"gettingone’steethintoaproblem". Amanishappywhen
PartBDirections:Youaregoingtoreadthetipsontopoftheworldfollowedbyalistofexamples.ChoosethebestexamplefromthelistA~Fforeachnumberedsubheading41~45.Thereisoneextraexamplewhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.10points41.WhatdoyouneedinordertobearecordbreakerSportsexpertsagreethatthesinglemostimportantfactorincreatingachampionisgeneticmake-up:thepossessionofgenesthatimpartaninnateabilitytostrideleapburnenergyefficientlyorsucklotsofoxygenfromtheair.Thegreatathletesaregenuinestatisticaloutliers...physiologicalfreakssayssportsscientistCraigSharpofBrunelUniversityinMiddlesexUK.42.HowwillwefindorcreatethenextgenerationofchampionathletesThemostlikelywayistowidenoursearchtofindsomeonewithageneticmake-upthatallowshimorhertosurpassotherathletes.WhenEastAfricanrunnersbegancompetinginternationallyforexampleitbecameapparentthattheirlightframesmakethemuniquelyeconomicalintheiruseofenergy.43.HavewereachedthelimitofhumanperformanceNobutrecordsarebeingbrokenbyevernarrowermargins.Whenstatisticiansplothowthebestperformanceinagiveneventchangesovertimetheyseethegraphlevelingoff.Andtheshortertheeventthesmallerarethesliversoftimebeingshavedoff.SoalthoughPaulaRadcliffehasslicedwholesecondsoffthemarathonworldrecordsprintersareimprovingbymerehundredthsofasecond.44.WillweeverreachanabsolutelimitTheoreticallyanabsolutetimetohowfarorfastthehumanbodycangodoesbut"whereitiswedon’tknow"saysMillar.Perhapstheonlywaywecanrecognizetheultimateperformancewillberetrospectivelyafterarecordhasstoodforyears.45.InfuturewillathletessimplytesttheirlimitsinnewwaysAsrecordsbecomeharderandhardertobreakwemaystartcomparingathletesbyotherstandardssuchasthenumberofgoldmedalsortheirperformanceovertime.LanceArmstrong’ssixconsecutivewinsintheTourdeFranceforexamplemayneverbesurpassed."Theelitemightbedefinedbyhowmanytimestheywin"saysMillar: A.Someexpertshavetriedtocalculatetheabsolutelimitofperformance.Theytakethehighestvaluefobeachcrucialphysiologicalfactoreverrecordedinanathletesuchasthemaximumoxygenuptakethegreatestefficiencywithwhichenergyisburnedandthebeststamina.Thentheyfigureouthowfastsomeonemightgoifthesewereallcombinedinonebody.Bythesecalculationswemayonedayseeasub-twohourmarathonorevenathree-and-a-half-minutemile.Buttheprobabilityoffindingsomeonewiththeseexceptionalabilitiesisprettylow. B.Ontopofthishowevertrainingandtechniquearevital.Theyallowathletestosculptmusclesforexamplesothattheyburnlessenergywhileachievingthesamespeedsasothers.State-of-the-arttechnologycanbeessentialparticularlyinsportsthatrelyonspecializedequipmentsuchastennisorpolevaulting.Chancealsoplaysapart:cooltemperaturesorwindmightaddthatextrapushforarunnerorlongjumper.Ultimatelyarecord-breakingperformancedependsonbringingallofthesefactorstogetherontherightday. C.Noteverysportcanbeaccuratelymeasuredofcourse.Runningandjumpingcanbequantifiedwithstickorstopwatchbutfootballandtennisperformancesaremuchhardertogauge. D.Psychologyisvital.Athletesneedenormousfocusanddrivetowin.Manypeoplethinkthatthemainbarriertobreakingthefour-minutemilewasapsychologicalone:onceRogerBannisterdiditin1954severalothersclockedsub-four-minutetimesshortlyafterwards.Sometimesbreakingarecordinvolvestakingariskinaneventsuchasbreakingfromthepackwithafulllaptogoandthattakesacertainstate. E.Oncescientistshaveidentifiedthegenesthatconferageneticadvantageinsportathletesmightalsobescreenedtopickouttheoneswithmostgeneticpotential."Thereareallsortsofpeopleoutthereandwedon’tknowwhattheycando"saysexerciseandsportsscientistCarlFosteroftheUniversityofWisconsininLaCrosse.Becausetherewardsaregrowingandcompetitionisbecomingmoreintenseathletesarebeingdrivenmoreandmoretowardsdrugstogaintheedge.Expertspredictthatthenextgenerationofchampionswillincludemany’lopedones.Theyareparticularlyfearfulof"genedoping"inwhichathletesboosttheperformanceofkeygenes. F.Athletesmightalsoinventnewsportstotestthemselves.Theemergenceofthetriathloninthe1970swasfuelledbyrunnersswimmersandcyclistslookingforanewchallenge;itmadeitsdebutasanOlympiceventin2000. 45
十二经脉气血不足时则由下列哪项溢出予以补足
患者突然昏厥喉有痰声或呕吐涎沫呼吸气粗舌苔白腻脉沉滑治疗宜选
能上行头目下调经水中开郁结的药物是
PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.10pointsItisimpossibletomeasuretheimportanceofEdisonbyaddingupthespecificinventionswithwhichhisnameisassociated.Far-reachingasmanyofthemhavebeen.intheireffectuponmoderncivilizationthetotaleffectofEdison’scareersurpassesthesumofallofthem.Hedidnotmerelymak6theincandescentlampandthephonographandinnumerableotherdevicespracticableforgeneraluse;46itwasgiventohimtodemonstratethepowerofappliedsciencesoconcretelysounderstandablysoconvincinglythathealteredthementalityofmankind.Inhislifetimelargelybecauseofhissuccessestherecameintowidestacceptancetherevolutionaryconceptionthatmancouldbytheriseofhisintelligenceinventanewmodeoflivingonthisplanet;thehumanspiritwhichinallpreviousageshadregardedtheconditionsoflifeasessentiallyunchangingandbeyondmanscontrolconfidentlyandperhapssomewhatnaivelyadoptedtheconvictionthatanythingcouldbe’changedand-everythingcouldbecontrolled.Thisideaofprogressisinthescaleofhistoryaverynewidea.Itseemsfirsttohavetakenpossessionofafewmindsintheseventeenthandeighteenthcenturiesasanaccompanimentofthegreatadvancesinpurescience.Itgainedgreatercurrencyinthefirsthalfofthenineteenthcenturywhenindustrialcivilizationbegantobetransformedbytheapplicationofsteampower.47Butthesechangesimpressiveastheywerecreatedsomuchhumanmiserybythecrudeandcruelmannerinwhichtheywereexploitedthatallthroughthecenturymeninstinctivelyfearedandopposedtheprogressofmachinesandofthesciencesonwhichtheyrested.Itwasonlyattheendofthecenturywiththeperfectingoftheelectriclightbulbthetelephonethephonographandthelikethattheordinarymanbegantofellthatsciencecouldactuallybenefithim.48EdisonsuppliedthehomelydemonstrationswhichinsuredthepopularacceptanceofscienceandclinchedthepopularargumentwhichhadbegunwithDarwinabouttheplaceofscienceinman’soutlookuponlife.Thushebecamethesupremepropagandistofscienceandhisnamethegreatsymbolofanalmostblindfaithinitspossibilities.ThirtyyearsagowhenIwasaschoolboytheancientconservatismofmanwasstillthenormalinheritanceofeverychild.Webegantohaveelectriclightsandtelephonesandtosehomelesscarriagesbutourattitudewasamixtureofwonderfearanddoubt.PerhapsthesewouldworkPerhapstheywouldnotexplode.Perhapsitwouldbeamusingtoplaywiththem.49Todayevery’schoolboynotonlytakesalltheexistinginventionsasmuchforgrantedaswetookhorsesanddogsforgranted.butalsoheisentirelyconvincedthatallotherdesirablethingscanandwillbeinvented.Inmyyouththelonelyinventorwhocouldnotobtainahearingwasstillthestockfigureoftheimagination.Todaytheonlypeoplewhoarenotabsolutelysurethattelevisionisperfectedaretheinventorsthemselves.50NootherpersonplayedsogreatapartasEdisoninthischangeinhumanexpectationandfinallybythecumulativeeffectofhiswidelydistributedinventionsplusacombinationofthemodempublicitytechniqueandtheancientmyth-makingfacultyofmenhewasliftedinthepopularimaginationtoaplacewherehewaslookeduponnotonlyasthesymbolbutasthecreatorofanewage. Todayevery’schoolboynotonlytakesalltheexistinginventionsasmuchforgrantedaswetookhorsesanddogsforgranted.butalsoheisentirelyconvincedthatallotherdesirablethingscanandwillbeinvented
下列选项中只供外用不作内服的药物是
PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.10pointsItisimpossibletomeasuretheimportanceofEdisonbyaddingupthespecificinventionswithwhichhisnameisassociated.Far-reachingasmanyofthemhavebeen.intheireffectuponmoderncivilizationthetotaleffectofEdison’scareersurpassesthesumofallofthem.Hedidnotmerelymak6theincandescentlampandthephonographandinnumerableotherdevicespracticableforgeneraluse;46itwasgiventohimtodemonstratethepowerofappliedsciencesoconcretelysounderstandablysoconvincinglythathealteredthementalityofmankind.Inhislifetimelargelybecauseofhissuccessestherecameintowidestacceptancetherevolutionaryconceptionthatmancouldbytheriseofhisintelligenceinventanewmodeoflivingonthisplanet;thehumanspiritwhichinallpreviousageshadregardedtheconditionsoflifeasessentiallyunchangingandbeyondmanscontrolconfidentlyandperhapssomewhatnaivelyadoptedtheconvictionthatanythingcouldbe’changedand-everythingcouldbecontrolled.Thisideaofprogressisinthescaleofhistoryaverynewidea.Itseemsfirsttohavetakenpossessionofafewmindsintheseventeenthandeighteenthcenturiesasanaccompanimentofthegreatadvancesinpurescience.Itgainedgreatercurrencyinthefirsthalfofthenineteenthcenturywhenindustrialcivilizationbegantobetransformedbytheapplicationofsteampower.47Butthesechangesimpressiveastheywerecreatedsomuchhumanmiserybythecrudeandcruelmannerinwhichtheywereexploitedthatallthroughthecenturymeninstinctivelyfearedandopposedtheprogressofmachinesandofthesciencesonwhichtheyrested.Itwasonlyattheendofthecenturywiththeperfectingoftheelectriclightbulbthetelephonethephonographandthelikethattheordinarymanbegantofellthatsciencecouldactuallybenefithim.48EdisonsuppliedthehomelydemonstrationswhichinsuredthepopularacceptanceofscienceandclinchedthepopularargumentwhichhadbegunwithDarwinabouttheplaceofscienceinman’soutlookuponlife.Thushebecamethesupremepropagandistofscienceandhisnamethegreatsymbolofanalmostblindfaithinitspossibilities.ThirtyyearsagowhenIwasaschoolboytheancientconservatismofmanwasstillthenormalinheritanceofeverychild.Webegantohaveelectriclightsandtelephonesandtosehomelesscarriagesbutourattitudewasamixtureofwonderfearanddoubt.PerhapsthesewouldworkPerhapstheywouldnotexplode.Perhapsitwouldbeamusingtoplaywiththem.49Todayevery’schoolboynotonlytakesalltheexistinginventionsasmuchforgrantedaswetookhorsesanddogsforgranted.butalsoheisentirelyconvincedthatallotherdesirablethingscanandwillbeinvented.Inmyyouththelonelyinventorwhocouldnotobtainahearingwasstillthestockfigureoftheimagination.Todaytheonlypeoplewhoarenotabsolutelysurethattelevisionisperfectedaretheinventorsthemselves.50NootherpersonplayedsogreatapartasEdisoninthischangeinhumanexpectationandfinallybythecumulativeeffectofhiswidelydistributedinventionsplusacombinationofthemodempublicitytechniqueandtheancientmyth-makingfacultyofmenhewasliftedinthepopularimaginationtoaplacewherehewaslookeduponnotonlyasthesymbolbutasthecreatorofanewage. Butthesechangesimpressiveastheywerecreatedsomuchhumanmiserybythecrudeandcruelmannerinwhichtheywereexploitedthatallthroughthecenturymeninstinctivelyfearedandopposedtheprogressofmachinesandofthesciencesonwhichtheyrested
下列除哪项外均为苦味药的作用
阳明经头痛的部位是
Inthispartyouareaskedtowritealetterofapplicationforthepositionasdirectorofabigcomputertrainingcenter.Trytomaketheletterinterestingandshowthatyouhaveenthusiasmforthejob.Alsostateyourqualificationforthejobandyourworkexperience.Yourlettershouldbenolessthan100wordswriteitneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.Don’tsignyournameoraddressattheendoftheletteruseLiMinginstead.10points
夜寐盗汗五心烦热或兼午后潮热两颧色红口渴舌红苔少脉细数治疗宜选
Text4SofarasIknowMissHannahArendtwasthefirstpersontodefinetheessentialdifferencebetweenworkandlabor.Tobehappyamanmustfeelfirstlyfreeandsecondlyimportant.Hecannotbereallyhappyifheiscompelledbysocietytodowhathedoesnotenjoydoingorifwhatheenjoysdoingisignoredbysocietyasofnovalueorimportance.Inasocietywhereslaveryinthestrictsensehasbeenabolishedthesignthatwhatamandoesisofsocialvalueisthatheispaidmoneytodoitbutalaborertodaycanrightlybecalledawageslave.Amanisalaborerifthejobsocietyoffershimisofnointeresttohimselfbutheiscompelledtotakeitbythenecessityofearningalivingandsupportinghisfamily.Theantithesistolaborisplay.Whenweplayagameweenjoywhatwearedoingotherwiseweshouldnotplayitbutitisapurelyprivateactivity;societycouldnotcarelesswhetherweplayitornot.Betweenlaborandplaystandswork.Amanisaworkerifheispersonallyinterestedinthejobwhichsocietypayshimtodo;whatfromthepointofviewofsocietyisnecessarylaborisfromhisownpointofviewvoluntaryplay.Whetherajobistobeclassifiedaslabororworkdependsnotonthejobitselfbutonthetastesoftheindividualwhoundertakesit.Thedifferencedoesnotforexamplecoincidewiththedifferencebetweenamanualandamentaljob;agardener:oracobblermaybeaworkerabankclerkalaborer.Whichameanscanbeseenfromhisattitudetowardleisure.Toaworkerleisuremeanssimplythehoursheneedstorelaxandrestinordertoworkefficiently.Heisthereforemorelikelytotaketoolittleleisurethantoomuch;workersdieofcoronariesandforgettheirwives’birthdays.Tothelaborerontheotherhandleisuremeansfreedomfromcompulsionsothatitisnaturalforhimtoimaginethatthefewerhourshehastospendlaboringandthemorehoursheisfreetoplaythebetter.WhatpercentageofthepopulationinamodemtechnologicalsocietyarelikemyselfinthefortunatepositionofbeingworkersAtaguessIwouldsaysixteenpercentandIdonotthinkthatfigureislikelytogetbiggerinthefuture.Technologyandthedivisionoflaborhavedonetwothings:byeliminatinginmanyfieldstheneedforspecialstrengthorskilltheyhavemadeaverylargenumberofpaidoccupationswhichformerlywereenjoyableworkintoboringlaborandbyincreasingproductivitytheyhavereducedthenumberofnecessarylaboringhours.Itisalreadypossibletoimagineasocietyinwhichthemajorityofthepopulationthatistosayitslaborerswillhavealmostasmuchleisureasinearliertimeswasenjoyedbythearistocracy.Whenonerecallshowaristocraciesinthepastactuallybehavedtheprospectisnotcheerful.Indeedtheproblemofdealingwithboredommaybeevenmoredifficultforsuchafuturemasssocietythanitwasforaristocracies.Thelatterforexampleritualizedtheirtime;therewasaseasontoshootgrouseaseasontospendintownetc.Themassesaremorelikelytoreplaceanunchangingritualbyfashionwhichitwillbeintheeconomicinterestofcertainpeopletochangeasoftenaspossible.Againthemassescannotgoinforhuntingforverysoontherewouldbenoanimalslefttohunt.Forotheraristocraticamusementslikegamblingduelingandwarfareitmaybeonlytooeasytofindequivalentsindangerousdrivingdrag-takingandsenselessactsofviolence.Workersseldomcommitactsofviolencebecausetheycanputtheiraggressionintotheirworkbeitphysicalliketheworkofasmithormentalliketheworkofascientistoranartist.Theroleofaggressioninmentalworkisaptlyexpressedbythephrase"gettingone’steethintoaproblem". Whatdoesthesentencesocietycouldnotcarelesswhetherweplayitornotmean
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