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Text2 GenghisKhanwasnotonetoagonize overgenderroles.Hewasintosexandpowerandhedidn’tmindsayingso.The greatestjoyamancanknowistoconquerhisenemiesanddrivethembefore him.Theemperoroncethundered.GenghisKhanconqueredtwothirdsoftheknown worldduringtheearly13thcenturyandhemayhavesetanall-timerecordfor whatbiologistscallreproductivesuccess.Anaccountwritten33yearsafterhis deathcreditedhimwith20000descendants.Men’smannershave improvedmarkedlysinceGenghisKhan’sday.Atheartthoughwe’rethesame animalswewere800yearsagowhichistosaywearestatusseekers.Wemay talkofequalityandfraternity.Wemaystriveforclasslesssocieties.Butwe gorightonbuildinghierarchiesandjockeyingforstatuswithinthem.Canwe abandonthetendencyProbablynot.Asscientistsarenowdiscoveringstatus seekingisnotjustahabitoraculturaltradition.It’sadesignfeatureof themalepsyche--abiologicaldrivethatisrootedinthenervoussystemand regulatedbyhormonesandbrainchemicals.Howdoweknowthis relentlessone-upmanshipisabiologicalendowmentAnthropologistsfindthe samepatternvirtuallyeverywherethey10okandsodozoologists.Male competitionisfierceamongcricketscrayfishandelephantsandit’s ubiquitousamonghigherprimatesforexamplemalechimpanzeeshavean extraordinarilystrongdrivefordominance.Coincidence Evolutionistsdon’tthinkso.Fromtheirperspectivelifeisessentially aracetorepro-dukeandnaturalselectionisboundtofavordifferent strategiesindifferentorganisms.Inreproductivetermstheyhavevastlymore togainfromit.Afemalecan’tfloodthegenepoolbycommandeeringextra mates;nomatterhowmuchspermsheattractssheisunlikelytoproducemore thanadozenviableoffspring.ButasGenghisKhan’sexploitsmakeclearmales canprofitenormouslybyoutmatingtheirpeers.It’snothardtoseehowthat dynamicplayedoutovermillionsofyearswouldleavemodernmenfrettingover status.We’rebuiltfromthegenesthatthemostdeterminedcompetitorspassed down.Fortunatelywedon’taspiretofamiliesof800.As monogamyandcontraceptivesmayhaveleveledthereproductiveplayfieldpower hasbecomeitsownpsychologicalreward.Thosewhoachievehighstatusstill enjoymoresexwithmorepartnersthantherestofusandthereasonisno mystery.Researchershaveconsistentlyfoundthatwomenfavorsignsofearning capacityovergoodlooks.Forsheersexappealadoughy脸色苍白的baldguyina Rolexwilloutscoreastud非常英俊的男子inaBurgerKinguniformalmostevery time.Itcanbeinferredfromthethirdparagraphthat
OntheafternoonofApril19th1587SirFrancisDr.akeledhisconvoyof31shipsintotheportofCadiz1theSpanishnavywasbeingpreparedto2England.TheSpanishwere3completelybysurpriseandDr.ake’smenquicklylootedsankorburnteveryshipinsight.Afterclearingtheharhourofstoresand4offaSpanishattackDrakaandhisships5withoutthelossofasingleman.BackinEnglandDr.akabecameanationalheroandhisdaringattackbecameknownasthe"singeingoftheKingofSpain’sbeard". Aswellas6backtheSpanishplantoinvadeEnglandbyseveralmonthsDr.ake’sdaringattack7thesuccessofapopularnewdrink.Foramongthestoresthathe8fromCadizwere2900largebarrelsofsackawinemadeintheJerezregionofSpainandthe9oftoday’ssherry.ThewinemakersofJerezlookedforoverseasmarketsandsackstartedtotakeoffinEngland.In1587thecelebratorydrinkingofthesackbroughtbackfromCadizbyDr.akegaveitafurther10andmadeithugelyfashionable11itsSpanishorigin. For12chemicalreasonssackwasanunusuallylong-lastingand13wine.Thismadeitidealfortakingonlongseavoyages14whichalcoholicdrinksactedasavitalsociallubricantthat15thehardshipofspendingweekspackedintoa16ship.Columbustooksackwithhimtothenewworldinthe1490smakingitthefirstwinetobe17intotheAmericas. In1604sackwas18officialrecognitionof19whenJamesI20anordinancelimitingitsconsumptionatcourt.Bythistimesackwaspopularlyknownassherris-sacksherrisbeingacorruptionofJerezwhicheventuallybecamethemodernwordsherry Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.11
OntheafternoonofApril19th1587SirFrancisDr.akeledhisconvoyof31shipsintotheportofCadiz1theSpanishnavywasbeingpreparedto2England.TheSpanishwere3completelybysurpriseandDr.ake’smenquicklylootedsankorburnteveryshipinsight.Afterclearingtheharhourofstoresand4offaSpanishattackDrakaandhisships5withoutthelossofasingleman.BackinEnglandDr.akabecameanationalheroandhisdaringattackbecameknownasthe"singeingoftheKingofSpain’sbeard". Aswellas6backtheSpanishplantoinvadeEnglandbyseveralmonthsDr.ake’sdaringattack7thesuccessofapopularnewdrink.Foramongthestoresthathe8fromCadizwere2900largebarrelsofsackawinemadeintheJerezregionofSpainandthe9oftoday’ssherry.ThewinemakersofJerezlookedforoverseasmarketsandsackstartedtotakeoffinEngland.In1587thecelebratorydrinkingofthesackbroughtbackfromCadizbyDr.akegaveitafurther10andmadeithugelyfashionable11itsSpanishorigin. For12chemicalreasonssackwasanunusuallylong-lastingand13wine.Thismadeitidealfortakingonlongseavoyages14whichalcoholicdrinksactedasavitalsociallubricantthat15thehardshipofspendingweekspackedintoa16ship.Columbustooksackwithhimtothenewworldinthe1490smakingitthefirstwinetobe17intotheAmericas. In1604sackwas18officialrecognitionof19whenJamesI20anordinancelimitingitsconsumptionatcourt.Bythistimesackwaspopularlyknownassherris-sacksherrisbeingacorruptionofJerezwhicheventuallybecamethemodernwordsherry Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.13
Text2 GenghisKhanwasnotonetoagonize overgenderroles.Hewasintosexandpowerandhedidn’tmindsayingso.The greatestjoyamancanknowistoconquerhisenemiesanddrivethembefore him.Theemperoroncethundered.GenghisKhanconqueredtwothirdsoftheknown worldduringtheearly13thcenturyandhemayhavesetanall-timerecordfor whatbiologistscallreproductivesuccess.Anaccountwritten33yearsafterhis deathcreditedhimwith20000descendants.Men’smannershave improvedmarkedlysinceGenghisKhan’sday.Atheartthoughwe’rethesame animalswewere800yearsagowhichistosaywearestatusseekers.Wemay talkofequalityandfraternity.Wemaystriveforclasslesssocieties.Butwe gorightonbuildinghierarchiesandjockeyingforstatuswithinthem.Canwe abandonthetendencyProbablynot.Asscientistsarenowdiscoveringstatus seekingisnotjustahabitoraculturaltradition.It’sadesignfeatureof themalepsyche--abiologicaldrivethatisrootedinthenervoussystemand regulatedbyhormonesandbrainchemicals.Howdoweknowthis relentlessone-upmanshipisabiologicalendowmentAnthropologistsfindthe samepatternvirtuallyeverywherethey10okandsodozoologists.Male competitionisfierceamongcricketscrayfishandelephantsandit’s ubiquitousamonghigherprimatesforexamplemalechimpanzeeshavean extraordinarilystrongdrivefordominance.Coincidence Evolutionistsdon’tthinkso.Fromtheirperspectivelifeisessentially aracetorepro-dukeandnaturalselectionisboundtofavordifferent strategiesindifferentorganisms.Inreproductivetermstheyhavevastlymore togainfromit.Afemalecan’tfloodthegenepoolbycommandeeringextra mates;nomatterhowmuchspermsheattractssheisunlikelytoproducemore thanadozenviableoffspring.ButasGenghisKhan’sexploitsmakeclearmales canprofitenormouslybyoutmatingtheirpeers.It’snothardtoseehowthat dynamicplayedoutovermillionsofyearswouldleavemodernmenfrettingover status.We’rebuiltfromthegenesthatthemostdeterminedcompetitorspassed down.Fortunatelywedon’taspiretofamiliesof800.As monogamyandcontraceptivesmayhaveleveledthereproductiveplayfieldpower hasbecomeitsownpsychologicalreward.Thosewhoachievehighstatusstill enjoymoresexwithmorepartnersthantherestofusandthereasonisno mystery.Researchershaveconsistentlyfoundthatwomenfavorsignsofearning capacityovergoodlooks.Forsheersexappealadoughy脸色苍白的baldguyina Rolexwilloutscoreastud非常英俊的男子inaBurgerKinguniformalmostevery time.WhyadoughybaldguyinablueblazerandaRolexwilloutscoreahandsomeyoungmaninaBurgerKinguniform
OntheafternoonofApril19th1587SirFrancisDr.akeledhisconvoyof31shipsintotheportofCadiz1theSpanishnavywasbeingpreparedto2England.TheSpanishwere3completelybysurpriseandDr.ake’smenquicklylootedsankorburnteveryshipinsight.Afterclearingtheharhourofstoresand4offaSpanishattackDrakaandhisships5withoutthelossofasingleman.BackinEnglandDr.akabecameanationalheroandhisdaringattackbecameknownasthe"singeingoftheKingofSpain’sbeard". Aswellas6backtheSpanishplantoinvadeEnglandbyseveralmonthsDr.ake’sdaringattack7thesuccessofapopularnewdrink.Foramongthestoresthathe8fromCadizwere2900largebarrelsofsackawinemadeintheJerezregionofSpainandthe9oftoday’ssherry.ThewinemakersofJerezlookedforoverseasmarketsandsackstartedtotakeoffinEngland.In1587thecelebratorydrinkingofthesackbroughtbackfromCadizbyDr.akegaveitafurther10andmadeithugelyfashionable11itsSpanishorigin. For12chemicalreasonssackwasanunusuallylong-lastingand13wine.Thismadeitidealfortakingonlongseavoyages14whichalcoholicdrinksactedasavitalsociallubricantthat15thehardshipofspendingweekspackedintoa16ship.Columbustooksackwithhimtothenewworldinthe1490smakingitthefirstwinetobe17intotheAmericas. In1604sackwas18officialrecognitionof19whenJamesI20anordinancelimitingitsconsumptionatcourt.Bythistimesackwaspopularlyknownassherris-sacksherrisbeingacorruptionofJerezwhicheventuallybecamethemodernwordsherry Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.5
OntheafternoonofApril19th1587SirFrancisDr.akeledhisconvoyof31shipsintotheportofCadiz1theSpanishnavywasbeingpreparedto2England.TheSpanishwere3completelybysurpriseandDr.ake’smenquicklylootedsankorburnteveryshipinsight.Afterclearingtheharhourofstoresand4offaSpanishattackDrakaandhisships5withoutthelossofasingleman.BackinEnglandDr.akabecameanationalheroandhisdaringattackbecameknownasthe"singeingoftheKingofSpain’sbeard". Aswellas6backtheSpanishplantoinvadeEnglandbyseveralmonthsDr.ake’sdaringattack7thesuccessofapopularnewdrink.Foramongthestoresthathe8fromCadizwere2900largebarrelsofsackawinemadeintheJerezregionofSpainandthe9oftoday’ssherry.ThewinemakersofJerezlookedforoverseasmarketsandsackstartedtotakeoffinEngland.In1587thecelebratorydrinkingofthesackbroughtbackfromCadizbyDr.akegaveitafurther10andmadeithugelyfashionable11itsSpanishorigin. For12chemicalreasonssackwasanunusuallylong-lastingand13wine.Thismadeitidealfortakingonlongseavoyages14whichalcoholicdrinksactedasavitalsociallubricantthat15thehardshipofspendingweekspackedintoa16ship.Columbustooksackwithhimtothenewworldinthe1490smakingitthefirstwinetobe17intotheAmericas. In1604sackwas18officialrecognitionof19whenJamesI20anordinancelimitingitsconsumptionatcourt.Bythistimesackwaspopularlyknownassherris-sacksherrisbeingacorruptionofJerezwhicheventuallybecamethemodernwordsherry Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.15
OntheafternoonofApril19th1587SirFrancisDr.akeledhisconvoyof31shipsintotheportofCadiz1theSpanishnavywasbeingpreparedto2England.TheSpanishwere3completelybysurpriseandDr.ake’smenquicklylootedsankorburnteveryshipinsight.Afterclearingtheharhourofstoresand4offaSpanishattackDrakaandhisships5withoutthelossofasingleman.BackinEnglandDr.akabecameanationalheroandhisdaringattackbecameknownasthe"singeingoftheKingofSpain’sbeard". Aswellas6backtheSpanishplantoinvadeEnglandbyseveralmonthsDr.ake’sdaringattack7thesuccessofapopularnewdrink.Foramongthestoresthathe8fromCadizwere2900largebarrelsofsackawinemadeintheJerezregionofSpainandthe9oftoday’ssherry.ThewinemakersofJerezlookedforoverseasmarketsandsackstartedtotakeoffinEngland.In1587thecelebratorydrinkingofthesackbroughtbackfromCadizbyDr.akegaveitafurther10andmadeithugelyfashionable11itsSpanishorigin. For12chemicalreasonssackwasanunusuallylong-lastingand13wine.Thismadeitidealfortakingonlongseavoyages14whichalcoholicdrinksactedasavitalsociallubricantthat15thehardshipofspendingweekspackedintoa16ship.Columbustooksackwithhimtothenewworldinthe1490smakingitthefirstwinetobe17intotheAmericas. In1604sackwas18officialrecognitionof19whenJamesI20anordinancelimitingitsconsumptionatcourt.Bythistimesackwaspopularlyknownassherris-sacksherrisbeingacorruptionofJerezwhicheventuallybecamethemodernwordsherry Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.1
PartCDirections:Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthen translatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.Yourtranslationshouldbe writtenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.10points WhatisthepointoftellingyouaboutthissecondbookWell itallhingesonthedatesinvolved.Thelatterstorywaswrittenintheearly 1960swhereastheGoosebumpsseriesdatesfromthe1990s.46Thismakes thepointratherdear:Thesandshaveshiftedradicallyin30years.A debunkingbooklikethisisnolongerfashionable.Whotodaywantstoread aboutanythingasthought-provokinganduncoolasdebunkingWhereoncea moviewascommonplace47Themagicalrealismmovementwherenaturaland supernaturaleventshappilyconvergehasbecomeenormouslyinfluentialin seriousliteratureaswell.Movieandtelevisionviewersandreadersof seriousliteraturearegiventhetacitmessagethatmelinebetweenthenatural andsupernaturalisblurryandperhapsevennonexistent.Not surprisinglyconcomitantwiththesehigh--andpap--culturetrendscomesa profoundlydisturbingcollectiveshiftinattitude.48Thegeneralpublic nolongerviewsscienceletalonetheultimatetruthsoftheuniversewitha senseofaweandmysterybutinsteadconsidersitconservativeandmundane trappedinlogicalthinking.Itisasiftheshacklesofrigidityhave beenremovedwhenopen-mindedattitudesareconveyedontelevisioninbooks inmoviesaboutESPUFQoranyofathousandothervarietiesofalleged paranormalphenomena.49Thegreatdangerinmyestimationisnotsomuch thatvastnumbersofchildrenandadultswillgetsuckedwholesaleintotruly goofybeliefsystemsbutthattheywillbemisledintoacceptingtheimplicit messagethatscienceisboringconservativedose-mindeddevoidofmystery andanegativeforceinsociety.Againthismessageisnotovertbut tacitperhapsnotevenconsciouslyintended.Yetitispreciselythis subliminalitythatmakesitsoinsidiousanddangerous.Ihave noquickfixes.Idonotknowhowtoquicklyandeasilyrepairdecadesof damage.Idonotevenfullyunderstandwhythesandshaveshiftedsoradically. 50AllIcandoislookoninsadnessandworryaboutthefutureof rationalinquirybemoaningthelossofawetowardgenuinemysteriesthatour societywasonceluckyenoughtopossess.
Text2 GenghisKhanwasnotonetoagonize overgenderroles.Hewasintosexandpowerandhedidn’tmindsayingso.The greatestjoyamancanknowistoconquerhisenemiesanddrivethembefore him.Theemperoroncethundered.GenghisKhanconqueredtwothirdsoftheknown worldduringtheearly13thcenturyandhemayhavesetanall-timerecordfor whatbiologistscallreproductivesuccess.Anaccountwritten33yearsafterhis deathcreditedhimwith20000descendants.Men’smannershave improvedmarkedlysinceGenghisKhan’sday.Atheartthoughwe’rethesame animalswewere800yearsagowhichistosaywearestatusseekers.Wemay talkofequalityandfraternity.Wemaystriveforclasslesssocieties.Butwe gorightonbuildinghierarchiesandjockeyingforstatuswithinthem.Canwe abandonthetendencyProbablynot.Asscientistsarenowdiscoveringstatus seekingisnotjustahabitoraculturaltradition.It’sadesignfeatureof themalepsyche--abiologicaldrivethatisrootedinthenervoussystemand regulatedbyhormonesandbrainchemicals.Howdoweknowthis relentlessone-upmanshipisabiologicalendowmentAnthropologistsfindthe samepatternvirtuallyeverywherethey10okandsodozoologists.Male competitionisfierceamongcricketscrayfishandelephantsandit’s ubiquitousamonghigherprimatesforexamplemalechimpanzeeshavean extraordinarilystrongdrivefordominance.Coincidence Evolutionistsdon’tthinkso.Fromtheirperspectivelifeisessentially aracetorepro-dukeandnaturalselectionisboundtofavordifferent strategiesindifferentorganisms.Inreproductivetermstheyhavevastlymore togainfromit.Afemalecan’tfloodthegenepoolbycommandeeringextra mates;nomatterhowmuchspermsheattractssheisunlikelytoproducemore thanadozenviableoffspring.ButasGenghisKhan’sexploitsmakeclearmales canprofitenormouslybyoutmatingtheirpeers.It’snothardtoseehowthat dynamicplayedoutovermillionsofyearswouldleavemodernmenfrettingover status.We’rebuiltfromthegenesthatthemostdeterminedcompetitorspassed down.Fortunatelywedon’taspiretofamiliesof800.As monogamyandcontraceptivesmayhaveleveledthereproductiveplayfieldpower hasbecomeitsownpsychologicalreward.Thosewhoachievehighstatusstill enjoymoresexwithmorepartnersthantherestofusandthereasonisno mystery.Researchershaveconsistentlyfoundthatwomenfavorsignsofearning capacityovergoodlooks.Forsheersexappealadoughy脸色苍白的baldguyina Rolexwilloutscoreastud非常英俊的男子inaBurgerKinguniformalmostevery time.GenghisKhanismentionedinthetexttoshow
Text3 Noblueprintexistsfortransformingan economyfromonewithagreatdealofgovernmentcontroltoonebasedalmost solelyonfreemarketprinciples.YettheexperienceoftheUnitedKingdomsince 1979clearlyshowsoneapproachthatworks:privatizationinwhich under-performingstate-ownedaresoldtoprivatecompanies.By 1979thetotalamountofdebtliabilitiesandlossesforstate-controlled enterprisesintheUKtopped3billionannually.Bysellingoffmanyofthese companiesparticularlythoseinthedepressedindustrialsectorthegovernment decreaseditsdebtburdenandceasedpumpingpublicfundsintomoneylosing enterprises.AccordingtogovernmentspokespersonAlistairMcBrideFarfrom pastpracticeofthrowinggoodmoneyafterbadtheQueen’sgovernmentthisyear expectstotakein34billionfromtheproceedsofthesale.Thatsaysome analystsmayonlybethebeginning.Privatizationhasnotonlybeencredited withrescuingwholeindustriesbutthenation’seconomytoboot. Duetoincreasedtaxrevenuesfromthenewlyprivatizedcompaniesalong withareboundintheoveralleconomyeconomicforecasterspredictthatBritain willbeabletorepaynearly12.5%ofthenetnationaldebtwithintwoyears. Thatisgoodnewsindeedfortheeconomyasawholeatatimewhenmanysectors aredesperateforanyrayofsunshine.BritishAirwaysthisweekannounceda20% jumpinoverallticketsalesandprofitsoverthisquarterayearago.British Gasannounceditsfirstprofitablequarterinnineyears.AtAssociatedBritish Portsanewlaborcontractwasfinalizedthefirstunioncontractsignedat theportwithoutaworkstoppageintwelveyears.Closertohomeformost Britonsthenation’sphoneserviceBritishTelecomnolongerputsnew subscribersonawaitinglist.Priortoprivatizationnewcustomerswould sometimeshavetowaitmonthsbeforephoneservicecouldbeinstalledintheir home.NowaccordingtoacompanypressreleaseBritishTelecomis promising24-hourturnaroundforallnewcustomers.Partofthis improvedproductivityhastodowithneweffortstoallowemployeestoholda stakeinthecompany’sfuture.Companiesnowgivetheiremployeesstockoptions thatallowemployeestoshareinthecompany’ssuccessandprofits.The responsehasbeenenthusiastictosaytheleast.AtBritishAerospace;89%of thoseeligibletobuycompanysharesdidso.AtBritishTelecomnearly92%of eligibleemployeestookpart.FinallyatAssociatedBritishPortslong synonymouswithuniondisagreementswalkoutsandlaborstrifealmost90%of employeesnowcancallthemselvesownersofthecompany. WhenpeoplehaveapersonalstakeinsomethingsaidHenryDundeeof AssociatedBritishPortstheythinkaboutittheycareabouttheyworkto makeitprosper.AttheNationalFreightConsortiumitselfnostrangerto laborproblemsthenewemployee-ownersactuallyvoteddownanemployee pay-increaseandpressuredunionrepresentativestorelaxdemandsforincreased wagesandexpandedbenefits.Privatizationwasonlythestartsaysonemarket analystwhatwemayhavehereisanewindustrial revolution.Bysellingoffstate-ownedenterprisesthegovernmentwillbeabletodothefollowingEXCEPT
OntheafternoonofApril19th1587SirFrancisDr.akeledhisconvoyof31shipsintotheportofCadiz1theSpanishnavywasbeingpreparedto2England.TheSpanishwere3completelybysurpriseandDr.ake’smenquicklylootedsankorburnteveryshipinsight.Afterclearingtheharhourofstoresand4offaSpanishattackDrakaandhisships5withoutthelossofasingleman.BackinEnglandDr.akabecameanationalheroandhisdaringattackbecameknownasthe"singeingoftheKingofSpain’sbeard". Aswellas6backtheSpanishplantoinvadeEnglandbyseveralmonthsDr.ake’sdaringattack7thesuccessofapopularnewdrink.Foramongthestoresthathe8fromCadizwere2900largebarrelsofsackawinemadeintheJerezregionofSpainandthe9oftoday’ssherry.ThewinemakersofJerezlookedforoverseasmarketsandsackstartedtotakeoffinEngland.In1587thecelebratorydrinkingofthesackbroughtbackfromCadizbyDr.akegaveitafurther10andmadeithugelyfashionable11itsSpanishorigin. For12chemicalreasonssackwasanunusuallylong-lastingand13wine.Thismadeitidealfortakingonlongseavoyages14whichalcoholicdrinksactedasavitalsociallubricantthat15thehardshipofspendingweekspackedintoa16ship.Columbustooksackwithhimtothenewworldinthe1490smakingitthefirstwinetobe17intotheAmericas. In1604sackwas18officialrecognitionof19whenJamesI20anordinancelimitingitsconsumptionatcourt.Bythistimesackwaspopularlyknownassherris-sacksherrisbeingacorruptionofJerezwhicheventuallybecamethemodernwordsherry Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.17
Text4 TheAmericaneconomyisgrowing accordingtothemostrecentstatisticsatthesizzlingrateof7%andisin themiddleofthelargestpeacetimeexpansioninAmericanhistory.Wereadin thenewspapersthatpracticallyeveryonewhowantsajobcangetone.Microsoft isrunningadvertisementsintheNewYorkTimespracticallybeggingCongressto issuemorevisasforforeigncomputerandinformationtechnology workers.Inthisenvironmentitisshockingthatonegroupof Americanspeoplewithdisabilitieshavesuchahighlevelofunemployment:30% arenotemployedthesamepercentageaswhentheAmericanswithDisabilitiesAct becamelaw.Notonlydidtheiremploymentandlaborearningsfallduringthe recessionoftheearly1990sbutemploymentandearningscontinuedtofall duringthelongeconomicexpansionthatfollowed.Manyofthesepeopleare skilledprofessionalswhoarehighlymarketableintoday’seconomy. Partoftheproblemisdiscriminationandpartrecentcourtrulings favoringemployersinADAlawsuits.Discriminationagainstpeoplewith disabilitiesisunfortunatelyaliveandwelldespitethelegalprohibitions againstdiscriminationinhiringpeoplewithdisabilities.79%ofdisabled peoplewhoareunemployedcitediscriminationintheworkplaceandlackof transportationasmajorfactorsthatpreventthemfromworking.Studieshave alsoshownthatpeoplewithdisabilitieswhofindjobsearnlessthantheir co-workersandarelesslikelytobepromoted.Unfavorable courtrulingshavenotbeenhelpfuleither.ResearchbylawprofessorRuth ColkerofOhioStateUniversityhasshownthatintheeightyearsaftertheADA wentintoeffectemployer-defendantsprevailedinmorethan93%oftheeases decidedbytrial.Ofthecasesappealedemployersprevailed84%ofthetime. RobertBurgdorfIr.whohelpeddrafttheADAhaswrittenlegalanalysishas proceededquiteawaydownthewrongroad.Disabilityactivistsandotherlegal scholarspointoutthatCongressintendedtheADAasanationalmandateforthe endingofdiscriminationagainstpeople-withdisabilities.Insteadwhathas occurredinthewordsofonewriteristhatthecourtshavenarrowedthe scopeofthelawredefined’disability’raisedthepriceofaccesstojustice andgenerallydeemeddisabilitydiscriminationasnotworthyofserious remedy.Butperhapsthegreatestsingleproblemisthefederal governmentitselfwherelawsandregulationsdesignedtohelpdisabledpeople actuallyprovideaneconomicdisincentivetowork.AsSen.EdwardKennedywrote thehighunemploymentrateamongpeoplereceivingfederaldisabilitybenefits isnotbecausetheirfederalbenefitsprogramshave’frontdoorsthataretoo big’butbecausetheyhave’backdoorsthataretoo small’.Thelastsentencebutbecausetheyhavebackdoorsthataretoosmallprobablymeansthat
PartCDirections:Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthen translatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.Yourtranslationshouldbe writtenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.10points WhatisthepointoftellingyouaboutthissecondbookWell itallhingesonthedatesinvolved.Thelatterstorywaswrittenintheearly 1960swhereastheGoosebumpsseriesdatesfromthe1990s.46Thismakes thepointratherdear:Thesandshaveshiftedradicallyin30years.A debunkingbooklikethisisnolongerfashionable.Whotodaywantstoread aboutanythingasthought-provokinganduncoolasdebunkingWhereoncea moviewascommonplace47Themagicalrealismmovementwherenaturaland supernaturaleventshappilyconvergehasbecomeenormouslyinfluentialin seriousliteratureaswell.Movieandtelevisionviewersandreadersof seriousliteraturearegiventhetacitmessagethatmelinebetweenthenatural andsupernaturalisblurryandperhapsevennonexistent.Not surprisinglyconcomitantwiththesehigh--andpap--culturetrendscomesa profoundlydisturbingcollectiveshiftinattitude.48Thegeneralpublic nolongerviewsscienceletalonetheultimatetruthsoftheuniversewitha senseofaweandmysterybutinsteadconsidersitconservativeandmundane trappedinlogicalthinking.Itisasiftheshacklesofrigidityhave beenremovedwhenopen-mindedattitudesareconveyedontelevisioninbooks inmoviesaboutESPUFQoranyofathousandothervarietiesofalleged paranormalphenomena.49Thegreatdangerinmyestimationisnotsomuch thatvastnumbersofchildrenandadultswillgetsuckedwholesaleintotruly goofybeliefsystemsbutthattheywillbemisledintoacceptingtheimplicit messagethatscienceisboringconservativedose-mindeddevoidofmystery andanegativeforceinsociety.Againthismessageisnotovertbut tacitperhapsnotevenconsciouslyintended.Yetitispreciselythis subliminalitythatmakesitsoinsidiousanddangerous.Ihave noquickfixes.Idonotknowhowtoquicklyandeasilyrepairdecadesof damage.Idonotevenfullyunderstandwhythesandshaveshiftedsoradically. 50AllIcandoislookoninsadnessandworryaboutthefutureof rationalinquirybemoaningthelossofawetowardgenuinemysteriesthatour societywasonceluckyenoughtopossess.
PartBDirections:Inthefollowingarticlesomesentences havebeenremoved.ForQuestions41--45choosethemostsuitableonefromthe list[A]–[G]tofitintoeachofthenumberedblank.Therearetwoextra choiceswhichdonotfitinanyofthegaps.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET 1.10points Irememberonenightafewyearsagowhenmydaughterwas franticwithworry.AftermyHarvardExtensionSchoolclassesIusuallyarrived atthebusstationnearmyhomeby11p.m.butonthatnightIwasnowhereto befound.Mydaughterwasnervous.Itwasn’tsafeforasinglewomantowalk aloneonthestreetsatnightespeciallyoneasdefenselessasIam:Icanslay amuggerwithmysharpwitbutIamjusttooshorttodoanyrealphysical damage.Thatnightmydaughtercheckedthebusstationdrove aroundthestreetsandcontactedsomefriends.Butshecouldn’tfindme--until shecalledmyastronomyprofessorwhotoldherthatIwasontopoftheScience Centerusingthetelescopetogazeatthestars.UnawareofthetimeIhad gottenlostintheheavensandwasonlythinkingaboutthenewthingsIhad learnedthatnightinclass.ThisstoryillustratesahabitI havedevelopedovertheyears:Ilosetrackofthetimewhenitcomesto learning.41.Imayhavestartedlate;butIwillcontinue tolearnaslongasIamablebecausethereisnogreaterfeelinginmy opinionthantravelingtoafarawaycountryasIhaveandbeingableto identifybysightthepaintingofafamousartistthestatueofanobscure sculptorthecathedralofanancientarchitect.42.SoI willcontinuetotakeclassesandtellmystory.Latelyitseems thateveryoneisaskingmeMarywhatadvicedoyouhaveforotherstudents SowhileIhaveyouallhereImgoingtoeasemyburdenofansweringyoueach individually:43.SolistentomewhenItellyouthis: Knowledgeispower.MystudieswereinterruptedwhenIwasin the7thgradebacksometimearoundWorldWarI.IlovedschoolbutIwasforced toleaveittocareformyfamily.Iwascon-signedtoworkinaRhodeIsland cottonmillwhereIlaboredformanyyears.Ieventuallymarriedandraised5 children20grandchildrenand18great-grandchildren.ButallthewhileIfelt inferiortothosearoundme.IknewIwasassmartasacollegegraduate.Iknew Iwascapableofdoingajobwell—Ihadproveditbyrunningasuccessful familybusinessfordecadesthatstillexists.ButIwantedmore.Iwantedto feelconfidentwhenIspokeandIWantedpeopletorespectmyopinions.Doesit surpriseyoutodiscoverhowmuchyouhaveincommonwithan89yearold woman44.45.That beliefiswhathasmotivatedmeforthelast75yearstogetthisdegree.Itis alsothemissionoftheHarvardExtensionSchool.WithoutthesupportIreceived fromthisschoolImightnothavegraduateduntilIwas100--aphrasethat manyofyouhaveprobablyusedinjest.[A]Ifthesayingis truethatwisdomcomeswithageyoumaysafelyassumethatIamoneofthe wisestpeopleinthishallandpossiblyatthisuniversitytoday. [B]fknowthatmanyofyougraduatestodaywhetheryouwere’bornin 1907or1967havefacedsimilarbarrierstocompletingyourstudiesandhave sometimesfeltinferioraroundthoseyouworkorsocializewithjustbecauseyou didn’thaveadegree.[C]Ifyouhavetreatededucationasyour maingoalandnotassmeanstoanend.thenyoutoohaveprobablybeen claimedasamissingpersononceinyouracademiccareerwhetheryouwerelost inthestarsorthestacksofWidenerLibrary.[D]ButIamhere todaylikeyouare--toprovethatitcanbedone;thatthepowergainedby understandingandappreciatingtheworldarounduscanbeobtainedbyanyone regardlessofsocialstatuspersonalchallenges.orage.[E] Howelsedoyouexplainawomanwhobeganhighschoolatage71andwhois graduatingwithabachelorsdegreeat89[F]Andyoutoo knowthatthejourneywasworthitandthatthepowerofknowledgemakesmethe mostformidable89-year-oldwomanatthebusstop.[G]Ihave foundthattheworldisafinalexamthatyoucanneverbepreparedenough for.
PartCDirections:Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthen translatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.Yourtranslationshouldbe writtenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.10points WhatisthepointoftellingyouaboutthissecondbookWell itallhingesonthedatesinvolved.Thelatterstorywaswrittenintheearly 1960swhereastheGoosebumpsseriesdatesfromthe1990s.46Thismakes thepointratherdear:Thesandshaveshiftedradicallyin30years.A debunkingbooklikethisisnolongerfashionable.Whotodaywantstoread aboutanythingasthought-provokinganduncoolasdebunkingWhereoncea moviewascommonplace47Themagicalrealismmovementwherenaturaland supernaturaleventshappilyconvergehasbecomeenormouslyinfluentialin seriousliteratureaswell.Movieandtelevisionviewersandreadersof seriousliteraturearegiventhetacitmessagethatmelinebetweenthenatural andsupernaturalisblurryandperhapsevennonexistent.Not surprisinglyconcomitantwiththesehigh--andpap--culturetrendscomesa profoundlydisturbingcollectiveshiftinattitude.48Thegeneralpublic nolongerviewsscienceletalonetheultimatetruthsoftheuniversewitha senseofaweandmysterybutinsteadconsidersitconservativeandmundane trappedinlogicalthinking.Itisasiftheshacklesofrigidityhave beenremovedwhenopen-mindedattitudesareconveyedontelevisioninbooks inmoviesaboutESPUFQoranyofathousandothervarietiesofalleged paranormalphenomena.49Thegreatdangerinmyestimationisnotsomuch thatvastnumbersofchildrenandadultswillgetsuckedwholesaleintotruly goofybeliefsystemsbutthattheywillbemisledintoacceptingtheimplicit messagethatscienceisboringconservativedose-mindeddevoidofmystery andanegativeforceinsociety.Againthismessageisnotovertbut tacitperhapsnotevenconsciouslyintended.Yetitispreciselythis subliminalitythatmakesitsoinsidiousanddangerous.Ihave noquickfixes.Idonotknowhowtoquicklyandeasilyrepairdecadesof damage.Idonotevenfullyunderstandwhythesandshaveshiftedsoradically. 50AllIcandoislookoninsadnessandworryaboutthefutureof rationalinquirybemoaningthelossofawetowardgenuinemysteriesthatour societywasonceluckyenoughtopossess.
Text3 Noblueprintexistsfortransformingan economyfromonewithagreatdealofgovernmentcontroltoonebasedalmost solelyonfreemarketprinciples.YettheexperienceoftheUnitedKingdomsince 1979clearlyshowsoneapproachthatworks:privatizationinwhich under-performingstate-ownedaresoldtoprivatecompanies.By 1979thetotalamountofdebtliabilitiesandlossesforstate-controlled enterprisesintheUKtopped3billionannually.Bysellingoffmanyofthese companiesparticularlythoseinthedepressedindustrialsectorthegovernment decreaseditsdebtburdenandceasedpumpingpublicfundsintomoneylosing enterprises.AccordingtogovernmentspokespersonAlistairMcBrideFarfrom pastpracticeofthrowinggoodmoneyafterbadtheQueen’sgovernmentthisyear expectstotakein34billionfromtheproceedsofthesale.Thatsaysome analystsmayonlybethebeginning.Privatizationhasnotonlybeencredited withrescuingwholeindustriesbutthenation’seconomytoboot. Duetoincreasedtaxrevenuesfromthenewlyprivatizedcompaniesalong withareboundintheoveralleconomyeconomicforecasterspredictthatBritain willbeabletorepaynearly12.5%ofthenetnationaldebtwithintwoyears. Thatisgoodnewsindeedfortheeconomyasawholeatatimewhenmanysectors aredesperateforanyrayofsunshine.BritishAirwaysthisweekannounceda20% jumpinoverallticketsalesandprofitsoverthisquarterayearago.British Gasannounceditsfirstprofitablequarterinnineyears.AtAssociatedBritish Portsanewlaborcontractwasfinalizedthefirstunioncontractsignedat theportwithoutaworkstoppageintwelveyears.Closertohomeformost Britonsthenation’sphoneserviceBritishTelecomnolongerputsnew subscribersonawaitinglist.Priortoprivatizationnewcustomerswould sometimeshavetowaitmonthsbeforephoneservicecouldbeinstalledintheir home.NowaccordingtoacompanypressreleaseBritishTelecomis promising24-hourturnaroundforallnewcustomers.Partofthis improvedproductivityhastodowithneweffortstoallowemployeestoholda stakeinthecompany’sfuture.Companiesnowgivetheiremployeesstockoptions thatallowemployeestoshareinthecompany’ssuccessandprofits.The responsehasbeenenthusiastictosaytheleast.AtBritishAerospace;89%of thoseeligibletobuycompanysharesdidso.AtBritishTelecomnearly92%of eligibleemployeestookpart.FinallyatAssociatedBritishPortslong synonymouswithuniondisagreementswalkoutsandlaborstrifealmost90%of employeesnowcancallthemselvesownersofthecompany. WhenpeoplehaveapersonalstakeinsomethingsaidHenryDundeeof AssociatedBritishPortstheythinkaboutittheycareabouttheyworkto makeitprosper.AttheNationalFreightConsortiumitselfnostrangerto laborproblemsthenewemployee-ownersactuallyvoteddownanemployee pay-increaseandpressuredunionrepresentativestorelaxdemandsforincreased wagesandexpandedbenefits.Privatizationwasonlythestartsaysonemarket analystwhatwemayhavehereisanewindustrial revolution.Manycompaniesgivetheiremployeesstockoptionsto
OntheafternoonofApril19th1587SirFrancisDr.akeledhisconvoyof31shipsintotheportofCadiz1theSpanishnavywasbeingpreparedto2England.TheSpanishwere3completelybysurpriseandDr.ake’smenquicklylootedsankorburnteveryshipinsight.Afterclearingtheharhourofstoresand4offaSpanishattackDrakaandhisships5withoutthelossofasingleman.BackinEnglandDr.akabecameanationalheroandhisdaringattackbecameknownasthe"singeingoftheKingofSpain’sbeard". Aswellas6backtheSpanishplantoinvadeEnglandbyseveralmonthsDr.ake’sdaringattack7thesuccessofapopularnewdrink.Foramongthestoresthathe8fromCadizwere2900largebarrelsofsackawinemadeintheJerezregionofSpainandthe9oftoday’ssherry.ThewinemakersofJerezlookedforoverseasmarketsandsackstartedtotakeoffinEngland.In1587thecelebratorydrinkingofthesackbroughtbackfromCadizbyDr.akegaveitafurther10andmadeithugelyfashionable11itsSpanishorigin. For12chemicalreasonssackwasanunusuallylong-lastingand13wine.Thismadeitidealfortakingonlongseavoyages14whichalcoholicdrinksactedasavitalsociallubricantthat15thehardshipofspendingweekspackedintoa16ship.Columbustooksackwithhimtothenewworldinthe1490smakingitthefirstwinetobe17intotheAmericas. In1604sackwas18officialrecognitionof19whenJamesI20anordinancelimitingitsconsumptionatcourt.Bythistimesackwaspopularlyknownassherris-sacksherrisbeingacorruptionofJerezwhicheventuallybecamethemodernwordsherry Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.9
Text4 TheAmericaneconomyisgrowing accordingtothemostrecentstatisticsatthesizzlingrateof7%andisin themiddleofthelargestpeacetimeexpansioninAmericanhistory.Wereadin thenewspapersthatpracticallyeveryonewhowantsajobcangetone.Microsoft isrunningadvertisementsintheNewYorkTimespracticallybeggingCongressto issuemorevisasforforeigncomputerandinformationtechnology workers.Inthisenvironmentitisshockingthatonegroupof Americanspeoplewithdisabilitieshavesuchahighlevelofunemployment:30% arenotemployedthesamepercentageaswhentheAmericanswithDisabilitiesAct becamelaw.Notonlydidtheiremploymentandlaborearningsfallduringthe recessionoftheearly1990sbutemploymentandearningscontinuedtofall duringthelongeconomicexpansionthatfollowed.Manyofthesepeopleare skilledprofessionalswhoarehighlymarketableintoday’seconomy. Partoftheproblemisdiscriminationandpartrecentcourtrulings favoringemployersinADAlawsuits.Discriminationagainstpeoplewith disabilitiesisunfortunatelyaliveandwelldespitethelegalprohibitions againstdiscriminationinhiringpeoplewithdisabilities.79%ofdisabled peoplewhoareunemployedcitediscriminationintheworkplaceandlackof transportationasmajorfactorsthatpreventthemfromworking.Studieshave alsoshownthatpeoplewithdisabilitieswhofindjobsearnlessthantheir co-workersandarelesslikelytobepromoted.Unfavorable courtrulingshavenotbeenhelpfuleither.ResearchbylawprofessorRuth ColkerofOhioStateUniversityhasshownthatintheeightyearsaftertheADA wentintoeffectemployer-defendantsprevailedinmorethan93%oftheeases decidedbytrial.Ofthecasesappealedemployersprevailed84%ofthetime. RobertBurgdorfIr.whohelpeddrafttheADAhaswrittenlegalanalysishas proceededquiteawaydownthewrongroad.Disabilityactivistsandotherlegal scholarspointoutthatCongressintendedtheADAasanationalmandateforthe endingofdiscriminationagainstpeople-withdisabilities.Insteadwhathas occurredinthewordsofonewriteristhatthecourtshavenarrowedthe scopeofthelawredefined’disability’raisedthepriceofaccesstojustice andgenerallydeemeddisabilitydiscriminationasnotworthyofserious remedy.Butperhapsthegreatestsingleproblemisthefederal governmentitselfwherelawsandregulationsdesignedtohelpdisabledpeople actuallyprovideaneconomicdisincentivetowork.AsSen.EdwardKennedywrote thehighunemploymentrateamongpeoplereceivingfederaldisabilitybenefits isnotbecausetheirfederalbenefitsprogramshave’frontdoorsthataretoo big’butbecausetheyhave’backdoorsthataretoo small’.TheadvertisementmadebyMicrosoftshowsthat
OntheafternoonofApril19th1587SirFrancisDr.akeledhisconvoyof31shipsintotheportofCadiz1theSpanishnavywasbeingpreparedto2England.TheSpanishwere3completelybysurpriseandDr.ake’smenquicklylootedsankorburnteveryshipinsight.Afterclearingtheharhourofstoresand4offaSpanishattackDrakaandhisships5withoutthelossofasingleman.BackinEnglandDr.akabecameanationalheroandhisdaringattackbecameknownasthe"singeingoftheKingofSpain’sbeard". Aswellas6backtheSpanishplantoinvadeEnglandbyseveralmonthsDr.ake’sdaringattack7thesuccessofapopularnewdrink.Foramongthestoresthathe8fromCadizwere2900largebarrelsofsackawinemadeintheJerezregionofSpainandthe9oftoday’ssherry.ThewinemakersofJerezlookedforoverseasmarketsandsackstartedtotakeoffinEngland.In1587thecelebratorydrinkingofthesackbroughtbackfromCadizbyDr.akegaveitafurther10andmadeithugelyfashionable11itsSpanishorigin. For12chemicalreasonssackwasanunusuallylong-lastingand13wine.Thismadeitidealfortakingonlongseavoyages14whichalcoholicdrinksactedasavitalsociallubricantthat15thehardshipofspendingweekspackedintoa16ship.Columbustooksackwithhimtothenewworldinthe1490smakingitthefirstwinetobe17intotheAmericas. In1604sackwas18officialrecognitionof19whenJamesI20anordinancelimitingitsconsumptionatcourt.Bythistimesackwaspopularlyknownassherris-sacksherrisbeingacorruptionofJerezwhicheventuallybecamethemodernwordsherry Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.3
Text4 TheAmericaneconomyisgrowing accordingtothemostrecentstatisticsatthesizzlingrateof7%andisin themiddleofthelargestpeacetimeexpansioninAmericanhistory.Wereadin thenewspapersthatpracticallyeveryonewhowantsajobcangetone.Microsoft isrunningadvertisementsintheNewYorkTimespracticallybeggingCongressto issuemorevisasforforeigncomputerandinformationtechnology workers.Inthisenvironmentitisshockingthatonegroupof Americanspeoplewithdisabilitieshavesuchahighlevelofunemployment:30% arenotemployedthesamepercentageaswhentheAmericanswithDisabilitiesAct becamelaw.Notonlydidtheiremploymentandlaborearningsfallduringthe recessionoftheearly1990sbutemploymentandearningscontinuedtofall duringthelongeconomicexpansionthatfollowed.Manyofthesepeopleare skilledprofessionalswhoarehighlymarketableintoday’seconomy. Partoftheproblemisdiscriminationandpartrecentcourtrulings favoringemployersinADAlawsuits.Discriminationagainstpeoplewith disabilitiesisunfortunatelyaliveandwelldespitethelegalprohibitions againstdiscriminationinhiringpeoplewithdisabilities.79%ofdisabled peoplewhoareunemployedcitediscriminationintheworkplaceandlackof transportationasmajorfactorsthatpreventthemfromworking.Studieshave alsoshownthatpeoplewithdisabilitieswhofindjobsearnlessthantheir co-workersandarelesslikelytobepromoted.Unfavorable courtrulingshavenotbeenhelpfuleither.ResearchbylawprofessorRuth ColkerofOhioStateUniversityhasshownthatintheeightyearsaftertheADA wentintoeffectemployer-defendantsprevailedinmorethan93%oftheeases decidedbytrial.Ofthecasesappealedemployersprevailed84%ofthetime. RobertBurgdorfIr.whohelpeddrafttheADAhaswrittenlegalanalysishas proceededquiteawaydownthewrongroad.Disabilityactivistsandotherlegal scholarspointoutthatCongressintendedtheADAasanationalmandateforthe endingofdiscriminationagainstpeople-withdisabilities.Insteadwhathas occurredinthewordsofonewriteristhatthecourtshavenarrowedthe scopeofthelawredefined’disability’raisedthepriceofaccesstojustice andgenerallydeemeddisabilitydiscriminationasnotworthyofserious remedy.Butperhapsthegreatestsingleproblemisthefederal governmentitselfwherelawsandregulationsdesignedtohelpdisabledpeople actuallyprovideaneconomicdisincentivetowork.AsSen.EdwardKennedywrote thehighunemploymentrateamongpeoplereceivingfederaldisabilitybenefits isnotbecausetheirfederalbenefitsprogramshave’frontdoorsthataretoo big’butbecausetheyhave’backdoorsthataretoo small’.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasacausetotheproblemsofthedisabled
OntheafternoonofApril19th1587SirFrancisDr.akeledhisconvoyof31shipsintotheportofCadiz1theSpanishnavywasbeingpreparedto2England.TheSpanishwere3completelybysurpriseandDr.ake’smenquicklylootedsankorburnteveryshipinsight.Afterclearingtheharhourofstoresand4offaSpanishattackDrakaandhisships5withoutthelossofasingleman.BackinEnglandDr.akabecameanationalheroandhisdaringattackbecameknownasthe"singeingoftheKingofSpain’sbeard". Aswellas6backtheSpanishplantoinvadeEnglandbyseveralmonthsDr.ake’sdaringattack7thesuccessofapopularnewdrink.Foramongthestoresthathe8fromCadizwere2900largebarrelsofsackawinemadeintheJerezregionofSpainandthe9oftoday’ssherry.ThewinemakersofJerezlookedforoverseasmarketsandsackstartedtotakeoffinEngland.In1587thecelebratorydrinkingofthesackbroughtbackfromCadizbyDr.akegaveitafurther10andmadeithugelyfashionable11itsSpanishorigin. For12chemicalreasonssackwasanunusuallylong-lastingand13wine.Thismadeitidealfortakingonlongseavoyages14whichalcoholicdrinksactedasavitalsociallubricantthat15thehardshipofspendingweekspackedintoa16ship.Columbustooksackwithhimtothenewworldinthe1490smakingitthefirstwinetobe17intotheAmericas. In1604sackwas18officialrecognitionof19whenJamesI20anordinancelimitingitsconsumptionatcourt.Bythistimesackwaspopularlyknownassherris-sacksherrisbeingacorruptionofJerezwhicheventuallybecamethemodernwordsherry Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.7
PartBDirections:Inthefollowingarticlesomesentences havebeenremoved.ForQuestions41--45choosethemostsuitableonefromthe list[A]–[G]tofitintoeachofthenumberedblank.Therearetwoextra choiceswhichdonotfitinanyofthegaps.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET 1.10points Irememberonenightafewyearsagowhenmydaughterwas franticwithworry.AftermyHarvardExtensionSchoolclassesIusuallyarrived atthebusstationnearmyhomeby11p.m.butonthatnightIwasnowhereto befound.Mydaughterwasnervous.Itwasn’tsafeforasinglewomantowalk aloneonthestreetsatnightespeciallyoneasdefenselessasIam:Icanslay amuggerwithmysharpwitbutIamjusttooshorttodoanyrealphysical damage.Thatnightmydaughtercheckedthebusstationdrove aroundthestreetsandcontactedsomefriends.Butshecouldn’tfindme--until shecalledmyastronomyprofessorwhotoldherthatIwasontopoftheScience Centerusingthetelescopetogazeatthestars.UnawareofthetimeIhad gottenlostintheheavensandwasonlythinkingaboutthenewthingsIhad learnedthatnightinclass.ThisstoryillustratesahabitI havedevelopedovertheyears:Ilosetrackofthetimewhenitcomesto learning.41.Imayhavestartedlate;butIwillcontinue tolearnaslongasIamablebecausethereisnogreaterfeelinginmy opinionthantravelingtoafarawaycountryasIhaveandbeingableto identifybysightthepaintingofafamousartistthestatueofanobscure sculptorthecathedralofanancientarchitect.42.SoI willcontinuetotakeclassesandtellmystory.Latelyitseems thateveryoneisaskingmeMarywhatadvicedoyouhaveforotherstudents SowhileIhaveyouallhereImgoingtoeasemyburdenofansweringyoueach individually:43.SolistentomewhenItellyouthis: Knowledgeispower.MystudieswereinterruptedwhenIwasin the7thgradebacksometimearoundWorldWarI.IlovedschoolbutIwasforced toleaveittocareformyfamily.Iwascon-signedtoworkinaRhodeIsland cottonmillwhereIlaboredformanyyears.Ieventuallymarriedandraised5 children20grandchildrenand18great-grandchildren.ButallthewhileIfelt inferiortothosearoundme.IknewIwasassmartasacollegegraduate.Iknew Iwascapableofdoingajobwell—Ihadproveditbyrunningasuccessful familybusinessfordecadesthatstillexists.ButIwantedmore.Iwantedto feelconfidentwhenIspokeandIWantedpeopletorespectmyopinions.Doesit surpriseyoutodiscoverhowmuchyouhaveincommonwithan89yearold woman44.45.That beliefiswhathasmotivatedmeforthelast75yearstogetthisdegree.Itis alsothemissionoftheHarvardExtensionSchool.WithoutthesupportIreceived fromthisschoolImightnothavegraduateduntilIwas100--aphrasethat manyofyouhaveprobablyusedinjest.[A]Ifthesayingis truethatwisdomcomeswithageyoumaysafelyassumethatIamoneofthe wisestpeopleinthishallandpossiblyatthisuniversitytoday. [B]fknowthatmanyofyougraduatestodaywhetheryouwere’bornin 1907or1967havefacedsimilarbarrierstocompletingyourstudiesandhave sometimesfeltinferioraroundthoseyouworkorsocializewithjustbecauseyou didn’thaveadegree.[C]Ifyouhavetreatededucationasyour maingoalandnotassmeanstoanend.thenyoutoohaveprobablybeen claimedasamissingpersononceinyouracademiccareerwhetheryouwerelost inthestarsorthestacksofWidenerLibrary.[D]ButIamhere todaylikeyouare--toprovethatitcanbedone;thatthepowergainedby understandingandappreciatingtheworldarounduscanbeobtainedbyanyone regardlessofsocialstatuspersonalchallenges.orage.[E] Howelsedoyouexplainawomanwhobeganhighschoolatage71andwhois graduatingwithabachelorsdegreeat89[F]Andyoutoo knowthatthejourneywasworthitandthatthepowerofknowledgemakesmethe mostformidable89-year-oldwomanatthebusstop.[G]Ihave foundthattheworldisafinalexamthatyoucanneverbepreparedenough for.
Directions:Title:CompetitionandCooperation Yourcompositionshouldbe-basedontheOutlinesbelow: 1Thephenomenonofcompetitionandcooperation 2Thefunctionofcompetitionandcooperation 3MancandevelopcontinuouslywithCompetitionandcooperation. Youshouldwriteabout160-200WordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.20points
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