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一个滑移面和其面上的一个（7）组成一个滑移系。
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两个或多个滑移面共同按一个滑移方向进行滑移称为
多滑移
交滑移
孪生
蠕变
试在晶胞内画出FCC结构的一个滑移系并回答在此滑移系上施加什么方向的应力此滑移系不能开动在图上标出此
一个直径为1mm的圆柱形面心立方单晶体拉伸轴的取向与晶体的[001]方向一致 1．试确定其等效滑移
一个直径为1mm的圆柱形面心立方金属单晶体试样写出其在111晶面上可能存在的滑移系当拉伸轴的方向为[
形变1．写出面心立方金属的一个具体的滑移系多晶体变形时在一定的形变量下为何有的晶粒内是单系滑移而另一
面心立方金属的滑移面通常是滑移方向是可组成个滑移系
绘制一个BCC晶胞并于其中标示出下列晶向[001][010][210][101]及任意两个非平行的滑
一个滑移面和此面上的一个滑移方向结合起来组成一个
1．在同一个立方晶胞内画出 晶面和 晶向在同一个六方晶胞内画出 晶面和 晶向 2．写出面心立方结构
斜面上钻孔为防止钻头偏斜滑移可用与孔径相等的立铣刀在斜面上铣出一个面然后再钻孔
写出BCC晶体中的配位数N致密度K原子半径r与点阵常数a的关系式在一个BCC晶胞中画出其室温时的一组
一个简单立方晶系的双晶它们的滑移系原为{100}＜100＞双晶的取向及力轴的取向如图21-1所示提示
有一面心立方单晶体在111面滑移的柏氏矢量为的右螺型位错与在面上滑移的柏氏矢量为的另一右螺型位
已知铜原子的原子半径为0.25nm画出铜晶体的一个晶胞并完成下列工作在图上画出发生滑移的一个晶面以及
画出纯铜晶体的一个晶胞并完成下列工作 1计算001110111晶面的原子密度并作以比较 2计算[0
如图25-1a所示边长为a的立方晶胞中ABCD晶面及AC晶向是晶体的一个滑移系 当ABCD晶面及
写出BCC晶体中的配位数致密度原子半径r与点阵常数a的关系式并在一个BCC晶胞中画出其室温时的一组滑
面心立方金属的滑移面是滑移方向是可组成个滑移系
一个交滑移系包含一个滑移方向和包含这个滑移方向的两个晶面如bcc晶体的101110写出bcc晶体的其
如图25-1a所示边长为a的立方晶胞中ABCD晶面及AC晶向是晶体的一个滑移系 当ABCD晶面及
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Text4 It’snosurprisethatJenniferSenior’sinsightfulprovocativemagazinecoverstoryIloveMyChildrenIHateMyLifeisarousingmuchchatter–nothinggetspeopletalkinglikethesuggestionthatchildrearingisanythinglessthanacompletelyfulfillinglife-enrichingexperience.RatherthanconcludingthatchildrenmakeparentseitherhappyormiserableSeniorsuggestsweneedtoredefinehappiness:insteadofthinkingofitassomethingthatcanbemeasuredbymoment-to-momentjoyweshouldconsiderbeinghappyasapast-tensecondition.Eventhoughtheday-to-dayexperienceofraisingkidscanbesoul-crushinglyhardSeniorwritesthattheverythingsthatinthemomentdampenourmoodscanlaterbesourcesofintensegratificationanddelight ThemagazinecovershowinganattractivemotherholdingacutebabyishardlytheonlyMadonna-and-childimageonnewsstandsthisweek.Therearealsostoriesaboutnewlyadoptive–andnewlysingle–momSandraBullockaswellastheusualJenniferAnistonispregnantnews.Practicallyeveryweekfeaturesatleastonecelebritymomormom-to-besmilingonthenewsstands Inasocietythatsopersistentlycelebratesprocreationisitanywonderthatadmittingyouregrethavingchildrenisequivalenttoadmittingyousupportkitten-killingItdoesn’tseemquitefairthentocomparetheregretsofparentstotheregretsofthechildren.Unhappyparentsrarelyareprovokedtowonderiftheyshouldn’thavehadkidsbutunhappychildlessfolksarebotheredwiththemessagethatchildrenarethesinglemostimportantthingintheworld:obviouslytheirmiserymustbeadirectresultofthegapingbaby-sizeholesintheirlives OfcoursetheimageofparenthoodthatcelebritymagazineslikeUsWeeklyandPeoplepresentishugelyunrealisticespeciallywhentheparentsaresinglemotherslikeBullock.Accordingtoseveralstudiesconcludingthatparentsarelesshappythanchildlesscouplessingleparentsaretheleasthappyofall.Noshockthereconsideringhowmuchworkitistoraiseakidwithoutapartnertoleanon;yettohearSandraandBritneytellitraisingakidontheirownread:withround-the-clockhelpisapieceofcake It’shardtoimaginethatmanypeoplearedumbenoughtowantchildrenjustbecauseReeseandAngelinamakeitlooksoglamorous:mostadultsunderstandthatababyisnotahaircut.Butit’sinterestingtowonderiftheimagesweseeeveryweekofstress-freehappiness-enhancingparenthoodaren’tinsomesmallsubconsciouswaycontributingtoourowndissatisfactionswiththeactualexperienceinthesamewaythatasmallpartofushopedgettingtheRachelmightmakeuslookjustalittlebitlikeJenniferAniston Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph
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WithitsthemethatMindisthemasterweavercreatingourinnercharacterandoutercircumstancesthebookAsaManThinkingbyJamesAllenisanin-depthexplorationofthecentralideaofself-helpwriting 46Allen’scontributionwastotakeanassumptionweallshare-thatbecausewearenotrobotswethereforecontrolourthoughts-andrevealitserroneousnature.Becausemostofusbelievethatmindisseparatefrommatterwethinkthatthoughtscanbehiddenandmadepowerless;thisallowsustothinkonewayandactanother.HoweverAllenbelievedthattheunconsciousmindgeneratesasmuchactionastheconsciousmindand47whilewemaybeabletosustaintheillusionofcontrolthroughtheconsciousmindaloneinrealitywearecontinuallyfacedwithaquestion:WhycannotImakemyselfdothisorachievethat SincedesireandwillaredamagedbythepresenceofthoughtsthatdonotaccordwithdesireAllenconcluded:WedonotattractwhatwewantbutwhatweareAchievementhappensbecauseyouasapersonembodytheexternalachievement;youdon’tgetsuccessbutbecomeit.Thereisnogapbetweenmindandmatter PartofthefameofAllen’sbookisitscontentionthatCircumstancesdonotmakeapersontheyrevealhim48Thisseemsajustificationforneglectofthoseinneedandarationalizationofexploitationofthesuperiorityofthoseatthetopandtheinferiorityofthoseatthebottom Thishoweverwouldbeaknee-jerkreactiontoasubtleargument.Eachsetofcircumstanceshoweverbadoffersauniqueopportunityforgrowth.Ifcircumstancesalwaysdeterminedthelifeandprospectsofpeoplethenhumanitywouldneverhaveprogressed.Infat49circumstancesseemtobedesignedtobringoutthebestinusandifwefeelthatwehavebeenwrongedthenweareunlikelytobeginaconsciousefforttoescapefromoursituation.Neverthelessasanybiographerknowsaperson’searlylifeanditsconditionsareoftenthegreatestgifttoanindividual ThesoberingaspectofAllen’sbookisthatwehavenooneelsetoblameforourpresentconditionexceptourselves.50Theupsideisthepossibilitiescontainedinknowingthateverythingisuptous;wherebeforewewereexpertsinthearrayoflimitationsnowwebecomeauthoritiesofwhatispossible circumstancesseemtobedesignedtobringoutthebestinusandifwefeelthatwehavebeenwrongedthenweareunlikelytobeginaconsciousefforttoescapefromoursituation.
Text4 It’snosurprisethatJenniferSenior’sinsightfulprovocativemagazinecoverstoryIloveMyChildrenIHateMyLifeisarousingmuchchatter–nothinggetspeopletalkinglikethesuggestionthatchildrearingisanythinglessthanacompletelyfulfillinglife-enrichingexperience.RatherthanconcludingthatchildrenmakeparentseitherhappyormiserableSeniorsuggestsweneedtoredefinehappiness:insteadofthinkingofitassomethingthatcanbemeasuredbymoment-to-momentjoyweshouldconsiderbeinghappyasapast-tensecondition.Eventhoughtheday-to-dayexperienceofraisingkidscanbesoul-crushinglyhardSeniorwritesthattheverythingsthatinthemomentdampenourmoodscanlaterbesourcesofintensegratificationanddelight ThemagazinecovershowinganattractivemotherholdingacutebabyishardlytheonlyMadonna-and-childimageonnewsstandsthisweek.Therearealsostoriesaboutnewlyadoptive–andnewlysingle–momSandraBullockaswellastheusualJenniferAnistonispregnantnews.Practicallyeveryweekfeaturesatleastonecelebritymomormom-to-besmilingonthenewsstands Inasocietythatsopersistentlycelebratesprocreationisitanywonderthatadmittingyouregrethavingchildrenisequivalenttoadmittingyousupportkitten-killingItdoesn’tseemquitefairthentocomparetheregretsofparentstotheregretsofthechildren.Unhappyparentsrarelyareprovokedtowonderiftheyshouldn’thavehadkidsbutunhappychildlessfolksarebotheredwiththemessagethatchildrenarethesinglemostimportantthingintheworld:obviouslytheirmiserymustbeadirectresultofthegapingbaby-sizeholesintheirlives OfcoursetheimageofparenthoodthatcelebritymagazineslikeUsWeeklyandPeoplepresentishugelyunrealisticespeciallywhentheparentsaresinglemotherslikeBullock.Accordingtoseveralstudiesconcludingthatparentsarelesshappythanchildlesscouplessingleparentsaretheleasthappyofall.Noshockthereconsideringhowmuchworkitistoraiseakidwithoutapartnertoleanon;yettohearSandraandBritneytellitraisingakidontheirownread:withround-the-clockhelpisapieceofcake It’shardtoimaginethatmanypeoplearedumbenoughtowantchildrenjustbecauseReeseandAngelinamakeitlooksoglamorous:mostadultsunderstandthatababyisnotahaircut.Butit’sinterestingtowonderiftheimagesweseeeveryweekofstress-freehappiness-enhancingparenthoodaren’tinsomesmallsubconsciouswaycontributingtoourowndissatisfactionswiththeactualexperienceinthesamewaythatasmallpartofushopedgettingtheRachelmightmakeuslookjustalittlebitlikeJenniferAniston ItissuggestedinParagraph3thatchildlessfolks
Text1 ThedecisionoftheNewYorkPhilharmonictohireAlanGilbertasitsnextmusicdirectorhasbeenthetalkoftheclassical-musicworldeversincethesuddenannouncementofhisappointmentin2009.Forthemostparttheresponsehasbeenfavorabletosaytheleast.Hooray!Atlast!wroteAnthonyTommasiniasober-sidedclassical-musiccritic OneofthereasonswhytheappointmentcameassuchasurprisehoweveristhatGilbertiscomparativelylittleknown.EvenTommasiniwhohadadvocatedGilbert’sappointmentintheTimescallshimanunpretentiousmusicianwithnoairoftheformidableconductorabouthimAsadescriptionofthenextmusicdirectorofanorchestrathathashithertobeenledbymusicianslikeGustavMahlerandPierreBoulezthatseemslikelytohavestruckatleastsomeTimesreadersasfaintpraise FormypartIhavenoideawhetherGilbertisagreatconductororevenagoodone.TobesureheperformsanimpressivevarietyofinterestingcompositionsbutitisnotnecessaryformetovisitAveryFisherHalloranywhereelsetohearinterestingorchestralmusic.AllIhavetodoistogotomyCDshelforbootupmycomputeranddownloadstillmorerecordedmusicfromiTunes Devotedconcertgoerswhoreplythatrecordingsarenosubstituteforliveperformancearemissingthepoint.Forthetimeattentionandmoneyoftheart-lovingpublicclassicalinstrumentalistsmustcompetenotonlywithoperahousesdancetroupestheatercompaniesandmuseumsbutalsowiththerecordedperformancesofthegreatclassicalmusiciansofthe20thcentury.Thererecordingsarecheapavailableeverywhereandveryoftenmuchhigherinartisticqualitythantoday’sliveperformances;moreovertheycanbeconsumedatatimeandplaceofthelistener’schoosing.Thewidespreadavailabilityofsuchrecordingshasthusbroughtaboutacrisisintheinstitutionofthetraditionalclassicalconcert Onepossibleresponseisforclassicalperformerstoprogramattractivenewmusicthatisnotyetavailableonrecord.Gilbert’sowninterestinnewmusichasbeenwidelynoted:AlexRossaclassical-musiccritichasdescribedhimasamanwhoiscapableofturningthePhilharmonicintoamarkedlydifferentmorevibrantorganizationButwhatwillbethenatureofthatdifferenceMerelyexpandingtheorchestra’srepertoirewillnotbeenough.IfGilbertandthePhilharmonicaretosucceedtheymustfirstchangetherelationshipbetweenAmerica’soldestorchestraandthenewaudienceithopstoattract Accordingtothetextwhichofthefollowingistrueofrecordings
AncientGreekphilosopherAristotleviewedlaughterasabodilyexerciseprecioustohealthBut---__1___someclaimstothecontrarylaughingprobablyhaslittleinfluenceonphysicalfitnessLaughterdoes__2___short-termchangesinthefunctionoftheheartanditsbloodvessels___3_heartrateandoxygenconsumptionButbecausehardlaughterisdifficultto__4__agoodlaughisunlikelytohave__5___benefitsthewaysaywalkingorjoggingdoes __6__insteadofstrainingmusclestobuildthemasexercisedoeslaughterapparentlyaccomplishesthe__7__studiesdatingbacktothe1930’sindicatethatlaughter__8___musclesdecreasingmuscletoneforupto45minutesafterthelaughdiesdown Suchbodilyreactionmightconceivablyhelp_9__theeffectsofpsychologicalstress.Anywaytheactoflaughingprobablydoesproduceothertypesof___10___feedbackthatimproveanindividual’semotionalstate.__11____oneclassicaltheoryofemotionourfeelingsarepartiallyrooted____12___physicalreactions.Itwasarguedattheendofthe19thcenturythathumansdonotcry___13___theyaresadbuttheybecomesadwhenthetearsbegintoflow Althoughsadnessalso____14___tearsevidencesuggeststhatemotionscanflow__15___muscularresponses.Inanexperimentpublishedin1988socialpsychologistFritzStrackoftheUniversityofwürzburginGermanyaskedvolunteersto__16___apeneitherwiththeirteeth-therebycreatinganartificialsmile–orwiththeirlipswhichwouldproducean__17___expression.Thoseforcedtoexercisetheirenthusiasticallytofunnycatoonsthandidthosewhosemonthswerecontractedinafrown____19___thatexpressionsmayinfluenceemotionsratherthanjusttheotherwayaround__20__thephysicalactoflaughtercouldimprovemood
取点观察
Text3 Theroughguidetomarketingsuccessusedtobethatyougotwhatyoupaidfor.Nolonger.Whiletraditionalpaidmedia–suchastelevisioncommercialsandprintadvertisements–stillplayamajorrolecompaniestodaycanexploitmanyalternativeformsofmedia.Consumerspassionateaboutaproductmaycreateownedmediabysendinge-mailalertsaboutproductsandsalestocustomersregisteredwithitsWebsite.Thewayconsumersnowapproachthebroadrangeoffactorsbeyondconventionalpaidmedia Paidandownedmediaarecontrolledbymarketerspromotingtheirownproducts.Forearnedmediasuchmarketersactastheinitiatorforusers’responses.Butinsomecasesonemarketer’sownedmediabecomeanothermarketer’spaidmedia–forinstancewhenane-commerceretailersellsadspaceonitsWebsite.Wedefinesuchsoldmediaasownedmediawhosetrafficissostrongthatotherorganizationsplacetheircontentore-commerceengineswithinthatenvironment.Thistrendwhichwebelieveisstillinitsinfancyeffectivelybeganwithretailersandtravelproviderssuchasairlinesandhotelsandwillnodoubtgofurther.Johnson&JohnsonforexamplehascreatedBabyCenterastand-alonemediapropertythatpromotescomplementaryandevencompetitiveproducts.Besidesgeneratingincomethepresenceofothermarketersmakesthesiteseemobjectivegivescompaniesopportunitiestolearnvaluableinformationabouttheappealofothercompanies’marketingandmayhelpexpandusertrafficforallcompaniesconcerned Thesamedramatictechnologicalchangesthathaveprovidedmarketerswithmoreandmorediversecommunicationschoiceshavealsoincreasedtheriskthatpassionateconsumerswillvoicetheiropinionsinquickermorevisibleandmuchmoredamagingways.Suchhijackedmediaaretheoppositeofearnedmedia:anassetorcampaignbecomeshostagetoconsumersotherstakeholdersoractivistswhomakenegativeallegationsaboutabrandorproduct.Membersofsocialnetworksforinstancearelearningthattheycanhijackmediatoapplypressureonthebusinessesthatoriginallycreatedthem Ifthathappenspassionateconsumerswouldtrytopersuadeotherstoboycottproductsputtingthereputationofthetargetcompanyatrisk.Insuchacasethecompany’sresponsemaynotbesufficientlyquickorthoughtfulandthelearningcurvehasbeensteep.ToyotaMotorforexamplealleviatedsomeofthedamagefromitsrecallcrisisearlierthisyearwitharelativelyquickandwell-orchestratedsocial-mediaresponsecampaignwhichincludedeffortstoengagewithconsumersdirectlyonsitessuchasTwitterandthesocial-newssiteDigg AccordingtoParagraph2soldmediafeature
AncientGreekphilosopherAristotleviewedlaughterasabodilyexerciseprecioustohealthBut---__1___someclaimstothecontrarylaughingprobablyhaslittleinfluenceonphysicalfitnessLaughterdoes__2___short-termchangesinthefunctionoftheheartanditsbloodvessels___3_heartrateandoxygenconsumptionButbecausehardlaughterisdifficultto__4__agoodlaughisunlikelytohave__5___benefitsthewaysaywalkingorjoggingdoes __6__insteadofstrainingmusclestobuildthemasexercisedoeslaughterapparentlyaccomplishesthe__7__studiesdatingbacktothe1930’sindicatethatlaughter__8___musclesdecreasingmuscletoneforupto45minutesafterthelaughdiesdown Suchbodilyreactionmightconceivablyhelp_9__theeffectsofpsychologicalstress.Anywaytheactoflaughingprobablydoesproduceothertypesof___10___feedbackthatimproveanindividual’semotionalstate.__11____oneclassicaltheoryofemotionourfeelingsarepartiallyrooted____12___physicalreactions.Itwasarguedattheendofthe19thcenturythathumansdonotcry___13___theyaresadbuttheybecomesadwhenthetearsbegintoflow Althoughsadnessalso____14___tearsevidencesuggeststhatemotionscanflow__15___muscularresponses.Inanexperimentpublishedin1988socialpsychologistFritzStrackoftheUniversityofwürzburginGermanyaskedvolunteersto__16___apeneitherwiththeirteeth-therebycreatinganartificialsmile–orwiththeirlipswhichwouldproducean__17___expression.Thoseforcedtoexercisetheirenthusiasticallytofunnycatoonsthandidthosewhosemonthswerecontractedinafrown____19___thatexpressionsmayinfluenceemotionsratherthanjusttheotherwayaround__20__thephysicalactoflaughtercouldimprovemood
AncientGreekphilosopherAristotleviewedlaughterasabodilyexerciseprecioustohealthBut---__1___someclaimstothecontrarylaughingprobablyhaslittleinfluenceonphysicalfitnessLaughterdoes__2___short-termchangesinthefunctionoftheheartanditsbloodvessels___3_heartrateandoxygenconsumptionButbecausehardlaughterisdifficultto__4__agoodlaughisunlikelytohave__5___benefitsthewaysaywalkingorjoggingdoes __6__insteadofstrainingmusclestobuildthemasexercisedoeslaughterapparentlyaccomplishesthe__7__studiesdatingbacktothe1930’sindicatethatlaughter__8___musclesdecreasingmuscletoneforupto45minutesafterthelaughdiesdown Suchbodilyreactionmightconceivablyhelp_9__theeffectsofpsychologicalstress.Anywaytheactoflaughingprobablydoesproduceothertypesof___10___feedbackthatimproveanindividual’semotionalstate.__11____oneclassicaltheoryofemotionourfeelingsarepartiallyrooted____12___physicalreactions.Itwasarguedattheendofthe19thcenturythathumansdonotcry___13___theyaresadbuttheybecomesadwhenthetearsbegintoflow Althoughsadnessalso____14___tearsevidencesuggeststhatemotionscanflow__15___muscularresponses.Inanexperimentpublishedin1988socialpsychologistFritzStrackoftheUniversityofwürzburginGermanyaskedvolunteersto__16___apeneitherwiththeirteeth-therebycreatinganartificialsmile–orwiththeirlipswhichwouldproducean__17___expression.Thoseforcedtoexercisetheirenthusiasticallytofunnycatoonsthandidthosewhosemonthswerecontractedinafrown____19___thatexpressionsmayinfluenceemotionsratherthanjusttheotherwayaround__20__thephysicalactoflaughtercouldimprovemood
AncientGreekphilosopherAristotleviewedlaughterasabodilyexerciseprecioustohealthBut---__1___someclaimstothecontrarylaughingprobablyhaslittleinfluenceonphysicalfitnessLaughterdoes__2___short-termchangesinthefunctionoftheheartanditsbloodvessels___3_heartrateandoxygenconsumptionButbecausehardlaughterisdifficultto__4__agoodlaughisunlikelytohave__5___benefitsthewaysaywalkingorjoggingdoes __6__insteadofstrainingmusclestobuildthemasexercisedoeslaughterapparentlyaccomplishesthe__7__studiesdatingbacktothe1930’sindicatethatlaughter__8___musclesdecreasingmuscletoneforupto45minutesafterthelaughdiesdown Suchbodilyreactionmightconceivablyhelp_9__theeffectsofpsychologicalstress.Anywaytheactoflaughingprobablydoesproduceothertypesof___10___feedbackthatimproveanindividual’semotionalstate.__11____oneclassicaltheoryofemotionourfeelingsarepartiallyrooted____12___physicalreactions.Itwasarguedattheendofthe19thcenturythathumansdonotcry___13___theyaresadbuttheybecomesadwhenthetearsbegintoflow Althoughsadnessalso____14___tearsevidencesuggeststhatemotionscanflow__15___muscularresponses.Inanexperimentpublishedin1988socialpsychologistFritzStrackoftheUniversityofwürzburginGermanyaskedvolunteersto__16___apeneitherwiththeirteeth-therebycreatinganartificialsmile–orwiththeirlipswhichwouldproducean__17___expression.Thoseforcedtoexercisetheirenthusiasticallytofunnycatoonsthandidthosewhosemonthswerecontractedinafrown____19___thatexpressionsmayinfluenceemotionsratherthanjusttheotherwayaround__20__thephysicalactoflaughtercouldimprovemood
AncientGreekphilosopherAristotleviewedlaughterasabodilyexerciseprecioustohealthBut---__1___someclaimstothecontrarylaughingprobablyhaslittleinfluenceonphysicalfitnessLaughterdoes__2___short-termchangesinthefunctionoftheheartanditsbloodvessels___3_heartrateandoxygenconsumptionButbecausehardlaughterisdifficultto__4__agoodlaughisunlikelytohave__5___benefitsthewaysaywalkingorjoggingdoes __6__insteadofstrainingmusclestobuildthemasexercisedoeslaughterapparentlyaccomplishesthe__7__studiesdatingbacktothe1930’sindicatethatlaughter__8___musclesdecreasingmuscletoneforupto45minutesafterthelaughdiesdown Suchbodilyreactionmightconceivablyhelp_9__theeffectsofpsychologicalstress.Anywaytheactoflaughingprobablydoesproduceothertypesof___10___feedbackthatimproveanindividual’semotionalstate.__11____oneclassicaltheoryofemotionourfeelingsarepartiallyrooted____12___physicalreactions.Itwasarguedattheendofthe19thcenturythathumansdonotcry___13___theyaresadbuttheybecomesadwhenthetearsbegintoflow Althoughsadnessalso____14___tearsevidencesuggeststhatemotionscanflow__15___muscularresponses.Inanexperimentpublishedin1988socialpsychologistFritzStrackoftheUniversityofwürzburginGermanyaskedvolunteersto__16___apeneitherwiththeirteeth-therebycreatinganartificialsmile–orwiththeirlipswhichwouldproducean__17___expression.Thoseforcedtoexercisetheirenthusiasticallytofunnycatoonsthandidthosewhosemonthswerecontractedinafrown____19___thatexpressionsmayinfluenceemotionsratherthanjusttheotherwayaround__20__thephysicalactoflaughtercouldimprovemood
AncientGreekphilosopherAristotleviewedlaughterasabodilyexerciseprecioustohealthBut---__1___someclaimstothecontrarylaughingprobablyhaslittleinfluenceonphysicalfitnessLaughterdoes__2___short-termchangesinthefunctionoftheheartanditsbloodvessels___3_heartrateandoxygenconsumptionButbecausehardlaughterisdifficultto__4__agoodlaughisunlikelytohave__5___benefitsthewaysaywalkingorjoggingdoes __6__insteadofstrainingmusclestobuildthemasexercisedoeslaughterapparentlyaccomplishesthe__7__studiesdatingbacktothe1930’sindicatethatlaughter__8___musclesdecreasingmuscletoneforupto45minutesafterthelaughdiesdown Suchbodilyreactionmightconceivablyhelp_9__theeffectsofpsychologicalstress.Anywaytheactoflaughingprobablydoesproduceothertypesof___10___feedbackthatimproveanindividual’semotionalstate.__11____oneclassicaltheoryofemotionourfeelingsarepartiallyrooted____12___physicalreactions.Itwasarguedattheendofthe19thcenturythathumansdonotcry___13___theyaresadbuttheybecomesadwhenthetearsbegintoflow Althoughsadnessalso____14___tearsevidencesuggeststhatemotionscanflow__15___muscularresponses.Inanexperimentpublishedin1988socialpsychologistFritzStrackoftheUniversityofwürzburginGermanyaskedvolunteersto__16___apeneitherwiththeirteeth-therebycreatinganartificialsmile–orwiththeirlipswhichwouldproducean__17___expression.Thoseforcedtoexercisetheirenthusiasticallytofunnycatoonsthandidthosewhosemonthswerecontractedinafrown____19___thatexpressionsmayinfluenceemotionsratherthanjusttheotherwayaround__20__thephysicalactoflaughtercouldimprovemood
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Text2 WhenLiamMcGeedepartedaspresidentofBankofAmericainAugusthisexplanationwassurprisinglystraightup.RatherthancloakinghisexitintheusualvagueexcuseshecamerightoutandsaidhewasleavingtopursuemygoalofrunningacompanyBroadcastinghisambitionwasverymuchmydecisionMcGeesays.WithintwoweekshewastalkingforthefirsttimewiththeboardofHartfordFinancialServicesGroupwhichnamedhimCEOandchairmanonSeptember29. McGeesaysleavingwithoutapositionlinedupgavehimtimetoreflectonwhatkindofcompanyhewantedtorun.Italsosentaclearmessagetotheoutsideworldabouthisaspirations.AndMcGeeisn’talone.InrecentweekstheNo.2executivesatAvonandAmericanExpressquitwiththeexplanationthattheywerelookingforaCEOpost.Asboardsscrutinizesuccessionplansinresponsetoshareholderpressureexecutiveswhodon’tgetthenodalsomaywishtomoveon.Aturbulentbusinessenvironmentalsohasseniormanagerscautiousoflettingvaguepronouncementscloudtheirreputations Asthefirstsignsofrecoverybegintotakeholddeputychiefsmaybemorewillingtomakethejumpwithoutanet.InthethirdquarterCEOturnoverwasdown23%fromayearagoasnervousboardsstuckwiththeleaderstheyhadaccordingtoLiberumResearch.Astheeconomypicksupopportunitieswillaboundforaspiringleaders Thedecisiontoquitaseniorpositiontolookforabetteroneisunconventional.ForyearsexecutivesandheadhuntershaveadheredtotherulethatthemostattractiveCEOcandidatesaretheoneswhomustbepoached.SaysKorn/FerryseniorpartnerDennisCarey:Ican’tthinkofasinglesearchI’vedonewhereaboardhasnotinstructedmetolookatsittingCEOsfirst Thosewhojumpedwithoutajobhaven’talwayslandedintoppositionsquickly.EllenMarramquitaschiefofTropicanaadecadeagesayingshewantedtobeaCEO.ItwasayearbeforeshebecameheadofatinyInternet-basedcommoditiesexchange.RobertWillumstadleftCitigroupin2005withambitionstobeaCEO.Hefinallytookthatpostatamajorfinancialinstitutionthreeyearslater Manyrecruiterssaytheolddisgraceisfadingfortopperformers.Thefinancialcrisishasmadeitmoreacceptabletobebetweenjobsortoleaveabadone.Thetraditionalrulewasit’ssafertostaywhereyouarebutthat’sbeenfundamentallyinvertedsaysoneheadhunter.Thepeoplewho’vebeenhurttheworstarethosewho’vestayedtoolong Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext
AncientGreekphilosopherAristotleviewedlaughterasabodilyexerciseprecioustohealthBut---__1___someclaimstothecontrarylaughingprobablyhaslittleinfluenceonphysicalfitnessLaughterdoes__2___short-termchangesinthefunctionoftheheartanditsbloodvessels___3_heartrateandoxygenconsumptionButbecausehardlaughterisdifficultto__4__agoodlaughisunlikelytohave__5___benefitsthewaysaywalkingorjoggingdoes __6__insteadofstrainingmusclestobuildthemasexercisedoeslaughterapparentlyaccomplishesthe__7__studiesdatingbacktothe1930’sindicatethatlaughter__8___musclesdecreasingmuscletoneforupto45minutesafterthelaughdiesdown Suchbodilyreactionmightconceivablyhelp_9__theeffectsofpsychologicalstress.Anywaytheactoflaughingprobablydoesproduceothertypesof___10___feedbackthatimproveanindividual’semotionalstate.__11____oneclassicaltheoryofemotionourfeelingsarepartiallyrooted____12___physicalreactions.Itwasarguedattheendofthe19thcenturythathumansdonotcry___13___theyaresadbuttheybecomesadwhenthetearsbegintoflow Althoughsadnessalso____14___tearsevidencesuggeststhatemotionscanflow__15___muscularresponses.Inanexperimentpublishedin1988socialpsychologistFritzStrackoftheUniversityofwürzburginGermanyaskedvolunteersto__16___apeneitherwiththeirteeth-therebycreatinganartificialsmile–orwiththeirlipswhichwouldproducean__17___expression.Thoseforcedtoexercisetheirenthusiasticallytofunnycatoonsthandidthosewhosemonthswerecontractedinafrown____19___thatexpressionsmayinfluenceemotionsratherthanjusttheotherwayaround__20__thephysicalactoflaughtercouldimprovemood
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AncientGreekphilosopherAristotleviewedlaughterasabodilyexerciseprecioustohealthBut---__1___someclaimstothecontrarylaughingprobablyhaslittleinfluenceonphysicalfitnessLaughterdoes__2___short-termchangesinthefunctionoftheheartanditsbloodvessels___3_heartrateandoxygenconsumptionButbecausehardlaughterisdifficultto__4__agoodlaughisunlikelytohave__5___benefitsthewaysaywalkingorjoggingdoes __6__insteadofstrainingmusclestobuildthemasexercisedoeslaughterapparentlyaccomplishesthe__7__studiesdatingbacktothe1930’sindicatethatlaughter__8___musclesdecreasingmuscletoneforupto45minutesafterthelaughdiesdown Suchbodilyreactionmightconceivablyhelp_9__theeffectsofpsychologicalstress.Anywaytheactoflaughingprobablydoesproduceothertypesof___10___feedbackthatimproveanindividual’semotionalstate.__11____oneclassicaltheoryofemotionourfeelingsarepartiallyrooted____12___physicalreactions.Itwasarguedattheendofthe19thcenturythathumansdonotcry___13___theyaresadbuttheybecomesadwhenthetearsbegintoflow Althoughsadnessalso____14___tearsevidencesuggeststhatemotionscanflow__15___muscularresponses.Inanexperimentpublishedin1988socialpsychologistFritzStrackoftheUniversityofwürzburginGermanyaskedvolunteersto__16___apeneitherwiththeirteeth-therebycreatinganartificialsmile–orwiththeirlipswhichwouldproducean__17___expression.Thoseforcedtoexercisetheirenthusiasticallytofunnycatoonsthandidthosewhosemonthswerecontractedinafrown____19___thatexpressionsmayinfluenceemotionsratherthanjusttheotherwayaround__20__thephysicalactoflaughtercouldimprovemood
AncientGreekphilosopherAristotleviewedlaughterasabodilyexerciseprecioustohealthBut---__1___someclaimstothecontrarylaughingprobablyhaslittleinfluenceonphysicalfitnessLaughterdoes__2___short-termchangesinthefunctionoftheheartanditsbloodvessels___3_heartrateandoxygenconsumptionButbecausehardlaughterisdifficultto__4__agoodlaughisunlikelytohave__5___benefitsthewaysaywalkingorjoggingdoes __6__insteadofstrainingmusclestobuildthemasexercisedoeslaughterapparentlyaccomplishesthe__7__studiesdatingbacktothe1930’sindicatethatlaughter__8___musclesdecreasingmuscletoneforupto45minutesafterthelaughdiesdown Suchbodilyreactionmightconceivablyhelp_9__theeffectsofpsychologicalstress.Anywaytheactoflaughingprobablydoesproduceothertypesof___10___feedbackthatimproveanindividual’semotionalstate.__11____oneclassicaltheoryofemotionourfeelingsarepartiallyrooted____12___physicalreactions.Itwasarguedattheendofthe19thcenturythathumansdonotcry___13___theyaresadbuttheybecomesadwhenthetearsbegintoflow Althoughsadnessalso____14___tearsevidencesuggeststhatemotionscanflow__15___muscularresponses.Inanexperimentpublishedin1988socialpsychologistFritzStrackoftheUniversityofwürzburginGermanyaskedvolunteersto__16___apeneitherwiththeirteeth-therebycreatinganartificialsmile–orwiththeirlipswhichwouldproducean__17___expression.Thoseforcedtoexercisetheirenthusiasticallytofunnycatoonsthandidthosewhosemonthswerecontractedinafrown____19___thatexpressionsmayinfluenceemotionsratherthanjusttheotherwayaround__20__thephysicalactoflaughtercouldimprovemood
Text4 It’snosurprisethatJenniferSenior’sinsightfulprovocativemagazinecoverstoryIloveMyChildrenIHateMyLifeisarousingmuchchatter–nothinggetspeopletalkinglikethesuggestionthatchildrearingisanythinglessthanacompletelyfulfillinglife-enrichingexperience.RatherthanconcludingthatchildrenmakeparentseitherhappyormiserableSeniorsuggestsweneedtoredefinehappiness:insteadofthinkingofitassomethingthatcanbemeasuredbymoment-to-momentjoyweshouldconsiderbeinghappyasapast-tensecondition.Eventhoughtheday-to-dayexperienceofraisingkidscanbesoul-crushinglyhardSeniorwritesthattheverythingsthatinthemomentdampenourmoodscanlaterbesourcesofintensegratificationanddelight ThemagazinecovershowinganattractivemotherholdingacutebabyishardlytheonlyMadonna-and-childimageonnewsstandsthisweek.Therearealsostoriesaboutnewlyadoptive–andnewlysingle–momSandraBullockaswellastheusualJenniferAnistonispregnantnews.Practicallyeveryweekfeaturesatleastonecelebritymomormom-to-besmilingonthenewsstands Inasocietythatsopersistentlycelebratesprocreationisitanywonderthatadmittingyouregrethavingchildrenisequivalenttoadmittingyousupportkitten-killingItdoesn’tseemquitefairthentocomparetheregretsofparentstotheregretsofthechildren.Unhappyparentsrarelyareprovokedtowonderiftheyshouldn’thavehadkidsbutunhappychildlessfolksarebotheredwiththemessagethatchildrenarethesinglemostimportantthingintheworld:obviouslytheirmiserymustbeadirectresultofthegapingbaby-sizeholesintheirlives OfcoursetheimageofparenthoodthatcelebritymagazineslikeUsWeeklyandPeoplepresentishugelyunrealisticespeciallywhentheparentsaresinglemotherslikeBullock.Accordingtoseveralstudiesconcludingthatparentsarelesshappythanchildlesscouplessingleparentsaretheleasthappyofall.Noshockthereconsideringhowmuchworkitistoraiseakidwithoutapartnertoleanon;yettohearSandraandBritneytellitraisingakidontheirownread:withround-the-clockhelpisapieceofcake It’shardtoimaginethatmanypeoplearedumbenoughtowantchildrenjustbecauseReeseandAngelinamakeitlooksoglamorous:mostadultsunderstandthatababyisnotahaircut.Butit’sinterestingtowonderiftheimagesweseeeveryweekofstress-freehappiness-enhancingparenthoodaren’tinsomesmallsubconsciouswaycontributingtoourowndissatisfactionswiththeactualexperienceinthesamewaythatasmallpartofushopedgettingtheRachelmightmakeuslookjustalittlebitlikeJenniferAniston JenniferSeniorsuggestsinherarticlethatraisingachildcanbring
Text1 ThedecisionoftheNewYorkPhilharmonictohireAlanGilbertasitsnextmusicdirectorhasbeenthetalkoftheclassical-musicworldeversincethesuddenannouncementofhisappointmentin2009.Forthemostparttheresponsehasbeenfavorabletosaytheleast.Hooray!Atlast!wroteAnthonyTommasiniasober-sidedclassical-musiccritic OneofthereasonswhytheappointmentcameassuchasurprisehoweveristhatGilbertiscomparativelylittleknown.EvenTommasiniwhohadadvocatedGilbert’sappointmentintheTimescallshimanunpretentiousmusicianwithnoairoftheformidableconductorabouthimAsadescriptionofthenextmusicdirectorofanorchestrathathashithertobeenledbymusicianslikeGustavMahlerandPierreBoulezthatseemslikelytohavestruckatleastsomeTimesreadersasfaintpraise FormypartIhavenoideawhetherGilbertisagreatconductororevenagoodone.TobesureheperformsanimpressivevarietyofinterestingcompositionsbutitisnotnecessaryformetovisitAveryFisherHalloranywhereelsetohearinterestingorchestralmusic.AllIhavetodoistogotomyCDshelforbootupmycomputeranddownloadstillmorerecordedmusicfromiTunes Devotedconcertgoerswhoreplythatrecordingsarenosubstituteforliveperformancearemissingthepoint.Forthetimeattentionandmoneyoftheart-lovingpublicclassicalinstrumentalistsmustcompetenotonlywithoperahousesdancetroupestheatercompaniesandmuseumsbutalsowiththerecordedperformancesofthegreatclassicalmusiciansofthe20thcentury.Thererecordingsarecheapavailableeverywhereandveryoftenmuchhigherinartisticqualitythantoday’sliveperformances;moreovertheycanbeconsumedatatimeandplaceofthelistener’schoosing.Thewidespreadavailabilityofsuchrecordingshasthusbroughtaboutacrisisintheinstitutionofthetraditionalclassicalconcert Onepossibleresponseisforclassicalperformerstoprogramattractivenewmusicthatisnotyetavailableonrecord.Gilbert’sowninterestinnewmusichasbeenwidelynoted:AlexRossaclassical-musiccritichasdescribedhimasamanwhoiscapableofturningthePhilharmonicintoamarkedlydifferentmorevibrantorganizationButwhatwillbethenatureofthatdifferenceMerelyexpandingtheorchestra’srepertoirewillnotbeenough.IfGilbertandthePhilharmonicaretosucceedtheymustfirstchangetherelationshipbetweenAmerica’soldestorchestraandthenewaudienceithopstoattract TommasiniregardsGilbertasanartistwhois
Directions: Writealettertoafriendofyoursto 1recommendoneofyourfavoritemoviesand 2givereasonsforyourrecommendation Yourshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2 Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheleter.UserLIMINGinstead. Donotwritertheaddress.10points
AncientGreekphilosopherAristotleviewedlaughterasabodilyexerciseprecioustohealthBut---__1___someclaimstothecontrarylaughingprobablyhaslittleinfluenceonphysicalfitnessLaughterdoes__2___short-termchangesinthefunctionoftheheartanditsbloodvessels___3_heartrateandoxygenconsumptionButbecausehardlaughterisdifficultto__4__agoodlaughisunlikelytohave__5___benefitsthewaysaywalkingorjoggingdoes __6__insteadofstrainingmusclestobuildthemasexercisedoeslaughterapparentlyaccomplishesthe__7__studiesdatingbacktothe1930’sindicatethatlaughter__8___musclesdecreasingmuscletoneforupto45minutesafterthelaughdiesdown Suchbodilyreactionmightconceivablyhelp_9__theeffectsofpsychologicalstress.Anywaytheactoflaughingprobablydoesproduceothertypesof___10___feedbackthatimproveanindividual’semotionalstate.__11____oneclassicaltheoryofemotionourfeelingsarepartiallyrooted____12___physicalreactions.Itwasarguedattheendofthe19thcenturythathumansdonotcry___13___theyaresadbuttheybecomesadwhenthetearsbegintoflow Althoughsadnessalso____14___tearsevidencesuggeststhatemotionscanflow__15___muscularresponses.Inanexperimentpublishedin1988socialpsychologistFritzStrackoftheUniversityofwürzburginGermanyaskedvolunteersto__16___apeneitherwiththeirteeth-therebycreatinganartificialsmile–orwiththeirlipswhichwouldproducean__17___expression.Thoseforcedtoexercisetheirenthusiasticallytofunnycatoonsthandidthosewhosemonthswerecontractedinafrown____19___thatexpressionsmayinfluenceemotionsratherthanjusttheotherwayaround__20__thephysicalactoflaughtercouldimprovemood
WithitsthemethatMindisthemasterweavercreatingourinnercharacterandoutercircumstancesthebookAsaManThinkingbyJamesAllenisanin-depthexplorationofthecentralideaofself-helpwriting 46Allen’scontributionwastotakeanassumptionweallshare-thatbecausewearenotrobotswethereforecontrolourthoughts-andrevealitserroneousnature.Becausemostofusbelievethatmindisseparatefrommatterwethinkthatthoughtscanbehiddenandmadepowerless;thisallowsustothinkonewayandactanother.HoweverAllenbelievedthattheunconsciousmindgeneratesasmuchactionastheconsciousmindand47whilewemaybeabletosustaintheillusionofcontrolthroughtheconsciousmindaloneinrealitywearecontinuallyfacedwithaquestion:WhycannotImakemyselfdothisorachievethat SincedesireandwillaredamagedbythepresenceofthoughtsthatdonotaccordwithdesireAllenconcluded:WedonotattractwhatwewantbutwhatweareAchievementhappensbecauseyouasapersonembodytheexternalachievement;youdon’tgetsuccessbutbecomeit.Thereisnogapbetweenmindandmatter PartofthefameofAllen’sbookisitscontentionthatCircumstancesdonotmakeapersontheyrevealhim48Thisseemsajustificationforneglectofthoseinneedandarationalizationofexploitationofthesuperiorityofthoseatthetopandtheinferiorityofthoseatthebottom Thishoweverwouldbeaknee-jerkreactiontoasubtleargument.Eachsetofcircumstanceshoweverbadoffersauniqueopportunityforgrowth.Ifcircumstancesalwaysdeterminedthelifeandprospectsofpeoplethenhumanitywouldneverhaveprogressed.Infat49circumstancesseemtobedesignedtobringoutthebestinusandifwefeelthatwehavebeenwrongedthenweareunlikelytobeginaconsciousefforttoescapefromoursituation.Neverthelessasanybiographerknowsaperson’searlylifeanditsconditionsareoftenthegreatestgifttoanindividual ThesoberingaspectofAllen’sbookisthatwehavenooneelsetoblameforourpresentconditionexceptourselves.50Theupsideisthepossibilitiescontainedinknowingthateverythingisuptous;wherebeforewewereexpertsinthearrayoflimitationsnowwebecomeauthoritiesofwhatispossible whilewemaybeabletosustaintheillusionofcontrolthroughtheconsciousmindaloneinrealitywearecontinuallyfacedwithaquestion:WhycannotImakemyselfdothisorachievethat
Text2 WhenLiamMcGeedepartedaspresidentofBankofAmericainAugusthisexplanationwassurprisinglystraightup.RatherthancloakinghisexitintheusualvagueexcuseshecamerightoutandsaidhewasleavingtopursuemygoalofrunningacompanyBroadcastinghisambitionwasverymuchmydecisionMcGeesays.WithintwoweekshewastalkingforthefirsttimewiththeboardofHartfordFinancialServicesGroupwhichnamedhimCEOandchairmanonSeptember29. McGeesaysleavingwithoutapositionlinedupgavehimtimetoreflectonwhatkindofcompanyhewantedtorun.Italsosentaclearmessagetotheoutsideworldabouthisaspirations.AndMcGeeisn’talone.InrecentweekstheNo.2executivesatAvonandAmericanExpressquitwiththeexplanationthattheywerelookingforaCEOpost.Asboardsscrutinizesuccessionplansinresponsetoshareholderpressureexecutiveswhodon’tgetthenodalsomaywishtomoveon.Aturbulentbusinessenvironmentalsohasseniormanagerscautiousoflettingvaguepronouncementscloudtheirreputations Asthefirstsignsofrecoverybegintotakeholddeputychiefsmaybemorewillingtomakethejumpwithoutanet.InthethirdquarterCEOturnoverwasdown23%fromayearagoasnervousboardsstuckwiththeleaderstheyhadaccordingtoLiberumResearch.Astheeconomypicksupopportunitieswillaboundforaspiringleaders Thedecisiontoquitaseniorpositiontolookforabetteroneisunconventional.ForyearsexecutivesandheadhuntershaveadheredtotherulethatthemostattractiveCEOcandidatesaretheoneswhomustbepoached.SaysKorn/FerryseniorpartnerDennisCarey:Ican’tthinkofasinglesearchI’vedonewhereaboardhasnotinstructedmetolookatsittingCEOsfirst Thosewhojumpedwithoutajobhaven’talwayslandedintoppositionsquickly.EllenMarramquitaschiefofTropicanaadecadeagesayingshewantedtobeaCEO.ItwasayearbeforeshebecameheadofatinyInternet-basedcommoditiesexchange.RobertWillumstadleftCitigroupin2005withambitionstobeaCEO.Hefinallytookthatpostatamajorfinancialinstitutionthreeyearslater Manyrecruiterssaytheolddisgraceisfadingfortopperformers.Thefinancialcrisishasmadeitmoreacceptabletobebetweenjobsortoleaveabadone.Thetraditionalrulewasit’ssafertostaywhereyouarebutthat’sbeenfundamentallyinvertedsaysoneheadhunter.Thepeoplewho’vebeenhurttheworstarethosewho’vestayedtoolong ThewordpoachedLine3Paragraph4mostprobablymeans
Text2 WhenLiamMcGeedepartedaspresidentofBankofAmericainAugusthisexplanationwassurprisinglystraightup.RatherthancloakinghisexitintheusualvagueexcuseshecamerightoutandsaidhewasleavingtopursuemygoalofrunningacompanyBroadcastinghisambitionwasverymuchmydecisionMcGeesays.WithintwoweekshewastalkingforthefirsttimewiththeboardofHartfordFinancialServicesGroupwhichnamedhimCEOandchairmanonSeptember29. McGeesaysleavingwithoutapositionlinedupgavehimtimetoreflectonwhatkindofcompanyhewantedtorun.Italsosentaclearmessagetotheoutsideworldabouthisaspirations.AndMcGeeisn’talone.InrecentweekstheNo.2executivesatAvonandAmericanExpressquitwiththeexplanationthattheywerelookingforaCEOpost.Asboardsscrutinizesuccessionplansinresponsetoshareholderpressureexecutiveswhodon’tgetthenodalsomaywishtomoveon.Aturbulentbusinessenvironmentalsohasseniormanagerscautiousoflettingvaguepronouncementscloudtheirreputations Asthefirstsignsofrecoverybegintotakeholddeputychiefsmaybemorewillingtomakethejumpwithoutanet.InthethirdquarterCEOturnoverwasdown23%fromayearagoasnervousboardsstuckwiththeleaderstheyhadaccordingtoLiberumResearch.Astheeconomypicksupopportunitieswillaboundforaspiringleaders Thedecisiontoquitaseniorpositiontolookforabetteroneisunconventional.ForyearsexecutivesandheadhuntershaveadheredtotherulethatthemostattractiveCEOcandidatesaretheoneswhomustbepoached.SaysKorn/FerryseniorpartnerDennisCarey:Ican’tthinkofasinglesearchI’vedonewhereaboardhasnotinstructedmetolookatsittingCEOsfirst Thosewhojumpedwithoutajobhaven’talwayslandedintoppositionsquickly.EllenMarramquitaschiefofTropicanaadecadeagesayingshewantedtobeaCEO.ItwasayearbeforeshebecameheadofatinyInternet-basedcommoditiesexchange.RobertWillumstadleftCitigroupin2005withambitionstobeaCEO.Hefinallytookthatpostatamajorfinancialinstitutionthreeyearslater Manyrecruiterssaytheolddisgraceisfadingfortopperformers.Thefinancialcrisishasmadeitmoreacceptabletobebetweenjobsortoleaveabadone.Thetraditionalrulewasit’ssafertostaywhereyouarebutthat’sbeenfundamentallyinvertedsaysoneheadhunter.Thepeoplewho’vebeenhurttheworstarethosewho’vestayedtoolong WhenMcGeeannouncedhisdeparturehismannercanbestbedescribedasbeing
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Text3 Theroughguidetomarketingsuccessusedtobethatyougotwhatyoupaidfor.Nolonger.Whiletraditionalpaidmedia–suchastelevisioncommercialsandprintadvertisements–stillplayamajorrolecompaniestodaycanexploitmanyalternativeformsofmedia.Consumerspassionateaboutaproductmaycreateownedmediabysendinge-mailalertsaboutproductsandsalestocustomersregisteredwithitsWebsite.Thewayconsumersnowapproachthebroadrangeoffactorsbeyondconventionalpaidmedia Paidandownedmediaarecontrolledbymarketerspromotingtheirownproducts.Forearnedmediasuchmarketersactastheinitiatorforusers’responses.Butinsomecasesonemarketer’sownedmediabecomeanothermarketer’spaidmedia–forinstancewhenane-commerceretailersellsadspaceonitsWebsite.Wedefinesuchsoldmediaasownedmediawhosetrafficissostrongthatotherorganizationsplacetheircontentore-commerceengineswithinthatenvironment.Thistrendwhichwebelieveisstillinitsinfancyeffectivelybeganwithretailersandtravelproviderssuchasairlinesandhotelsandwillnodoubtgofurther.Johnson&JohnsonforexamplehascreatedBabyCenterastand-alonemediapropertythatpromotescomplementaryandevencompetitiveproducts.Besidesgeneratingincomethepresenceofothermarketersmakesthesiteseemobjectivegivescompaniesopportunitiestolearnvaluableinformationabouttheappealofothercompanies’marketingandmayhelpexpandusertrafficforallcompaniesconcerned Thesamedramatictechnologicalchangesthathaveprovidedmarketerswithmoreandmorediversecommunicationschoiceshavealsoincreasedtheriskthatpassionateconsumerswillvoicetheiropinionsinquickermorevisibleandmuchmoredamagingways.Suchhijackedmediaaretheoppositeofearnedmedia:anassetorcampaignbecomeshostagetoconsumersotherstakeholdersoractivistswhomakenegativeallegationsaboutabrandorproduct.Membersofsocialnetworksforinstancearelearningthattheycanhijackmediatoapplypressureonthebusinessesthatoriginallycreatedthem Ifthathappenspassionateconsumerswouldtrytopersuadeotherstoboycottproductsputtingthereputationofthetargetcompanyatrisk.Insuchacasethecompany’sresponsemaynotbesufficientlyquickorthoughtfulandthelearningcurvehasbeensteep.ToyotaMotorforexamplealleviatedsomeofthedamagefromitsrecallcrisisearlierthisyearwitharelativelyquickandwell-orchestratedsocial-mediaresponsecampaignwhichincludedeffortstoengagewithconsumersdirectlyonsitessuchasTwitterandthesocial-newssiteDigg ToyotaMotor’sexperienceiscitedasanexampleof
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