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Text4ThomasHuxley’’Darwin’sbulldog"issaidtohavecomeupwiththemostfamousdefenseoftheatheistbeliefthatlifewascreatedbychance.InadebateatOxfordheisreportedtohavestatedthatifenoughmonkeysrandomlypressedtypewriterkeysforalongenoughtimesoonerorlaterPsalm23wouldemerge.Notallatheistsusethisargumentbutitaccuratelyrepresentstheatheistbeliefthatwithenoughtimeandenoughsolarsystemsyou’llgetyouBach’scellosuitesandme.ThisbeliefhasalwaysstruckmeasimplausibleandalthoughIfullyacknowledgethegreatchallengetotheism--therampantandseeminglyrandomunfairnessbuiltintohumanlifenointellectuallyhonestatheistshoulddenythegreatchallengetoatheism--theexistenceofdesignandintelligence.ScientistshavetakenupHuxley’spropositionandfoundfromexperimentswithmonkeysnearatypewriterthatveryfewevenendeduphittinganykey.Aftertheexperimentmathematiciansthencalculatedthateachmonkeytypedasteady120charactersaminuteitwouldtake10tothe813thpower10followedby813zerosmonkeysaboutfiveyearstoknockoutadecentversionofShakespeare’sSonnet.Thefinitenumberofyearsintheuniverse’sexistencewouldnotcomeclosetoproducingafewsentencesletaloneaShakespeareplay.ProfessorRobertJastrowoneofthegreatestlivingastronomersheadoftheMountWilsonObservatoryandanagnosticbestexplainedtheatheismofmanyscientists.JastrowtellsofhissurprisewhensomanyfellowastronomersrefusedtoaccepttheBigBanghypothesisfortheoriginsoftheuniverse.InfactJastrowwritesmanyastronomerswereactuallyunhappyaboutit.WhyBecausetheBigBangimpliedabeginningtotheuniverseandabeginningimpliesaCreatorsomethingmanyscientistspassionatelyreject.ThisledJastrowtothesoberingconclusionthatmanyscientistshavevestednonscientificinterestsinsomeoftheirbeliefsespeciallythenon-existenceofaCreator.NeithermathsnorsciencearguesthatallcameaboutrandomlywithoutaCreator.Onlyakeendesiretodenyoneexplainssuchabeliefabeliefthatshouldbelaidtorest. Thescientificexperimentaboutmonkeysindicatesthattheauthorthinks
Text2Nowthatmanymediachieftainshavefallenintodisreputeandhaveleftthosewhoarestillinpositionsfeeltheneedtotaketheproblemseriously."CEOswereoverturnedasweresomestocks."ThatishowAOLTimeWarnerentertainmentgroupChairmanJeffBewkessummeditup.Theeraofthe"imperial"one-manruleCEOhascometoanendMTVNetworksChairmanTomFrestonadded.Thetwoexecutivesagreedthattheindustry’scomplexandoftenill-fatedmegsmergershadproventhatbiggerisnotnecessarilybetternomatterhowbigthereputationsofthepersonalitiesbehindthem.Thecontinuingflameoutofmediaexecutiveswhoafewyearsagowerehailedasvisionarieswasactivethismonthandtheindustry’sfearsreachedintotheexecutiveranksofmusicpublishingandTV.TechnologyvisionarySteveCaseleftaschairmanofAOLTimeWarnerreplacedbyChiefExecutiveRichardParsons.TopexecutivesatSonyMusicMCARecordsandRandomHousewerebooted.AndWalterIsaacsonchairmanofCNNNetworksleftforathinktank.Thisshowsjusthowdifficultithasbecometofindtherightmanagersfortheterriblyalteredmedia."Manyexecutivesgotcaughtupinthelate90’sboominthemediaindustryandgotaheadofthemselvesinstrategicvisionfortheircompanies"saidMarkMayofUSinvestmentfirmKaufmanBros."Ittakesmorethanacoupleofyearsforthesecompaniestobereadyforanothervisionary."ThecollapseofthedotcombubbletheabilityofmusicfanstogetsongsfreeontheInternetsaggingbottomlinesandintensecompetitionamongcableTVnewsnetworksaresomedevelopmentsthathelpedtripupmediaexecutivesrecently.Buttheurgetomergewasoneoftheirweakestpoints.ItisnotthatmediacompaniesshouldavoidallmergerssaidLarryHavertymanagingdirectoratStateStreetResearchaUSinvestmentmanagementfirm.Theyneedacquisitionsforgrowth.Butmakingthemworkisarealchallenge.Theyneedtochoosewhatpiecesfittogetherandhowmuchtheyareworth.Theyneedtoadjustquicklywhentechnologyandconsumerhabittrendsshift.Andmorethanevertheymustbecarefulnottopromisetoomuch.SonyCorp.ofAmericaChairmanHowardStringersaidthatanexecutivetodayis"therarestofseniorentertainmentexecutivesequallyadeptatbusinessmanagementstrategyandvaluecreationaswellasaconsummate完美的andprovendeveloperofcontenttalentandideas". AccordingtothetextagoodmediaCEOneedsthefollowingcapabilitiesEXCEPT
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:ReadthefollowingtextChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.Humansnotonlyloveeatingicecreamtheyenjoy1ittotheirpets.Marketstudiesshowthattwothirdsofalldogownersgiveicecreamtothedogs.2saysWilliamTyznikanexpertinanimalnutritionatOhioStateUniversityicecreamisnotgoodfordogs."Ithasmilksugarinit"hesays"whichdogscannot3verywell."4bythatknowledgebutawareofthedesireofdogownersto5theircompanionsTyznikinventedanewfrozentreatfordogsthathesaysismorenutritiousthanicecream--andasmuch6toeat.TheproductcalledFrostyPawsismadeofaliquidbyproductofcheeseandmilkwiththesugar7.FrostyPawsalsocontainsrefinedsoyflourwatervegetableoilvitaminsandminerals.It8TyznikwhohasalsoinventedahorsefeedcalledTizwhizand9dogfoodnamedTizbitsthreeyearsto10theFrostyPawsformulasandtwo11tocommercializeit.Afterlosing＄25000tryingtomarkettheinventionhimselfTyzniksoldtherightstoAssociatedIceCreamofWestervilleOhiowhichmakestheproductand12itincups.TyznikclaimsthatFrostyPawshasbeentested13andthat"dogsloveit".Of1400dogsthathavebeen14theproducthesays89percenttookitonthefirst15.Threeoutoffour16ittoMilk-Boneorsausages.Theproductwhichwillbe17intheicecreamsectionofsupermarketscomesin18ofthreeorfourcupscostingabout＄1.79.Whatwouldhappen19ahumanshouldmistakeFrostyPawsforrealicecreamNothingsaysTyznik.It’s20butfranklyhesaysitwon’ttasteverygood. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10
PartBDirections:Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.ForQuestions41-45youarerequiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherentarticlebychoosingfromthelistA-Gtofillineachnumberedbox.ThefirstandthelastparagraphshavebeenplacedforyouinBoxes.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1. [A]ThencameMerck’swithdrawalfromthemarketofitsblockbusteranti-in-flammatorydrugVioxxbecauseofanincreaseinsideeffectsincludingheartattacksandstrokes.ThisledoneofFDA’smedicalofficersinNovembertestimonybeforetheSenateFinanceCommitteetoaccusehisowncolleaguesofdiscountingrecommendationsfromtheagency’ssafetyresearchersandofconsistentlybeingindenialwhendataindicatesafetyproblemsfromanapproveddrug. [B]ThefirstkindoferrorishighlyvisiblecausingtheregulatorstobeattackedbythemediaandpatientgroupsandtobeinvestigatedbyCongress.Butthesecondkindoferror--keepingapotentiallyimportantproductoutofconsumers’hands--isusuallyanon-eventelicitinglittleattentionletaloneoutrage. [C]TheFDAisafavoritetargetofcriticswhovariouslyaccuseregulatorsofexcessiverisk-aversionanddelayofapprovalsoroftoocozyarelationshipwiththedrugindustry.Sen.CharlesE.GrassleyR-IowathechairmanoftheSenateFinanceCommitteerecentlychidedtheagency"ThehealthandsafetyofthepublicmustbetheFDA’sfirstandonlyconcern." [D]FirsttheFDAFoodandDrugAdministrationwasblindsidedbyChironCorp.’sinabilitytoprovidefluvaccinethisseasonbecauseofcontaminationatitsmanufacturingfacilitydeprivingAmericansofhalftheusualsupply. [E]Grassleyisrightbutparticularlywhengovernmentalpremarketingapprovalofaproductisrequiredgreatersafetyisnotsynonymouswithmorestringentregulation.Infactnetbenefittopatientsoftensuffersbecauseofanobscureregulatoryanomaly:theasymmetryofoutcomesfromthetwotypesofmistakesthatregulatorscanmake.Aregulatorcancommitanerrorbypermittingsomethingbadtohappenapprovingaharmfulproductorbypreventingsomethinggoodfrombecomingavailablenotapprovingabeneficialproduct.Bothoutcomesarebadforthepublicbuttheconsequencesfortheregulatorareverydifferent. [F]Asaresultregulatorsmakedecisionsdefensively--inotherwordstoavoidapprovalsofharmfulproductsatanycost--sotheytendtodelayorrejectnewproductsofallsortsfromfatsubstitutestovaccinesandpainkillers.That’sbadforpublichealthandforconsumers’freedomtochoose. [G]Congresshasalongandignoblehistoryofexaggeratedlegislativeresponsestoperceivedhealthcrises.Itseemstobeatitagain.RecenteventshaveshiftedtheCongressintocrisismodeoncemore. 42
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:ReadthefollowingtextChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.Humansnotonlyloveeatingicecreamtheyenjoy1ittotheirpets.Marketstudiesshowthattwothirdsofalldogownersgiveicecreamtothedogs.2saysWilliamTyznikanexpertinanimalnutritionatOhioStateUniversityicecreamisnotgoodfordogs."Ithasmilksugarinit"hesays"whichdogscannot3verywell."4bythatknowledgebutawareofthedesireofdogownersto5theircompanionsTyznikinventedanewfrozentreatfordogsthathesaysismorenutritiousthanicecream--andasmuch6toeat.TheproductcalledFrostyPawsismadeofaliquidbyproductofcheeseandmilkwiththesugar7.FrostyPawsalsocontainsrefinedsoyflourwatervegetableoilvitaminsandminerals.It8TyznikwhohasalsoinventedahorsefeedcalledTizwhizand9dogfoodnamedTizbitsthreeyearsto10theFrostyPawsformulasandtwo11tocommercializeit.Afterlosing＄25000tryingtomarkettheinventionhimselfTyzniksoldtherightstoAssociatedIceCreamofWestervilleOhiowhichmakestheproductand12itincups.TyznikclaimsthatFrostyPawshasbeentested13andthat"dogsloveit".Of1400dogsthathavebeen14theproducthesays89percenttookitonthefirst15.Threeoutoffour16ittoMilk-Boneorsausages.Theproductwhichwillbe17intheicecreamsectionofsupermarketscomesin18ofthreeorfourcupscostingabout＄1.79.Whatwouldhappen19ahumanshouldmistakeFrostyPawsforrealicecreamNothingsaysTyznik.It’s20butfranklyhesaysitwon’ttasteverygood. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.2
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:ReadthefollowingtextChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.Humansnotonlyloveeatingicecreamtheyenjoy1ittotheirpets.Marketstudiesshowthattwothirdsofalldogownersgiveicecreamtothedogs.2saysWilliamTyznikanexpertinanimalnutritionatOhioStateUniversityicecreamisnotgoodfordogs."Ithasmilksugarinit"hesays"whichdogscannot3verywell."4bythatknowledgebutawareofthedesireofdogownersto5theircompanionsTyznikinventedanewfrozentreatfordogsthathesaysismorenutritiousthanicecream--andasmuch6toeat.TheproductcalledFrostyPawsismadeofaliquidbyproductofcheeseandmilkwiththesugar7.FrostyPawsalsocontainsrefinedsoyflourwatervegetableoilvitaminsandminerals.It8TyznikwhohasalsoinventedahorsefeedcalledTizwhizand9dogfoodnamedTizbitsthreeyearsto10theFrostyPawsformulasandtwo11tocommercializeit.Afterlosing＄25000tryingtomarkettheinventionhimselfTyzniksoldtherightstoAssociatedIceCreamofWestervilleOhiowhichmakestheproductand12itincups.TyznikclaimsthatFrostyPawshasbeentested13andthat"dogsloveit".Of1400dogsthathavebeen14theproducthesays89percenttookitonthefirst15.Threeoutoffour16ittoMilk-Boneorsausages.Theproductwhichwillbe17intheicecreamsectionofsupermarketscomesin18ofthreeorfourcupscostingabout＄1.79.Whatwouldhappen19ahumanshouldmistakeFrostyPawsforrealicecreamNothingsaysTyznik.It’s20butfranklyhesaysitwon’ttasteverygood. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.4
Text3ApossibleconflictinIraq;deterioratingeconomiesinSouthAmericasfamineinsub-SaharanAfrica;turmoilinIndonesia;politicalinstabilityintheBalkans.Andinmanydevelopingcountriespersistentcrimelousyeducationandalackofopportunitiesforenergeticpeopletoprosperwithoutgraftandpoliticalconnections.Nowondersomanypeoplewantthechanceofabetterlifeinthestablemeritocraticeconomiesoftherichworld.Nowondertheyrisktheirlifesavingsoreventheirlivestobuythehopeofhigherearningsfairertreatmentandbetteropportunitiesfortheirfamilies.Thismovementofhumanitybringsundoubtedgainsandnotjusttotheimmigrants.Thegapbetweenearningsinthepoorandrichworldsisvastlygreaterthanthegapinthepricesoftradedgoods.Asoursurveyarguesthepotentialeconomicbenefitstotheworldofliberalizingmigrationdwarfthosefromremovingtradebarriers.Wherepopulationsareagingandeconomiesaresluggishthebenefitsareespeciallygreat.Immigrantsunlikenativesmovereadilytoareaswherelabourisinshortsupplysoeasingbottlenecks.Theybringajust-in-timesupplyofskillstoowhichiswhyhospitalswanttohireforeigndoctorsandnurses;farmerssparehandstopickfruitandvegetables;andwealthycouplesnanniesfortheirchildren.Inmanycasesimmigrantsalsopaymoreintaxesthantheycostinpublicspending.Butvotersinrichcountriesoftendon’tseethingsthisway.Likeotherforcesofglobalizationimmigrationisdisruptiveandatthemostintimatelevel.Itchangestheneighbourhood.Peopleinthestreetspeakoddlanguages;theneighbours’cookingsmellsstrange.Soimmigrationoftenmeetspassionateresistance.EvenincountriesbuiltonimmigrationliketheUnitedStatespoliticianshesitatetopressforeasierentry.AmericahasrefusedtostrikeadealwithMexicotoletinmorelegalmigrants.InEuropehostilityisdeeperandcanbemoredangerous.InthepastyearthefarrighthasgainedinelectionsinFranceDenmarkAustriaandNetherlands.Thehostilitymaywellincrease.Immigrationhasboomedinthepastdecadepartlybecauserichcountrieshavecreatedlotsofjobs.Iftheeconomicslowdownpersistsunemploymentissuretobreedgreaterresentment.AnotherterroristattackalongthelinesofSeptember11th2001wouldrightlyorwronglyincreasefearsthatimmigrantsthreatensecurity.AndasHIVspreadsinthepoorworldrichcountrieswillfretaboutthethreattotheirhealthservicesandtheriskofAIDS.HowthentosquaretheconflictingpressuresofpoliticsandeconomicsThefirstessentialistoacceptthatthevoters’righttoasayaboutwhoandhowmanycanentermusttakeprecedenceovertherightsofthoseunluckyenoughtobeborninpoorerpartsoftheworld.Thetaskofpoliticians--andofemployersistopersuadevotersthatimmigrationisnotonlyinevitablebutalsointheirlong-terminterests. Immigrationbringseconomicbenefitsinthat
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:ReadthefollowingtextChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.Humansnotonlyloveeatingicecreamtheyenjoy1ittotheirpets.Marketstudiesshowthattwothirdsofalldogownersgiveicecreamtothedogs.2saysWilliamTyznikanexpertinanimalnutritionatOhioStateUniversityicecreamisnotgoodfordogs."Ithasmilksugarinit"hesays"whichdogscannot3verywell."4bythatknowledgebutawareofthedesireofdogownersto5theircompanionsTyznikinventedanewfrozentreatfordogsthathesaysismorenutritiousthanicecream--andasmuch6toeat.TheproductcalledFrostyPawsismadeofaliquidbyproductofcheeseandmilkwiththesugar7.FrostyPawsalsocontainsrefinedsoyflourwatervegetableoilvitaminsandminerals.It8TyznikwhohasalsoinventedahorsefeedcalledTizwhizand9dogfoodnamedTizbitsthreeyearsto10theFrostyPawsformulasandtwo11tocommercializeit.Afterlosing＄25000tryingtomarkettheinventionhimselfTyzniksoldtherightstoAssociatedIceCreamofWestervilleOhiowhichmakestheproductand12itincups.TyznikclaimsthatFrostyPawshasbeentested13andthat"dogsloveit".Of1400dogsthathavebeen14theproducthesays89percenttookitonthefirst15.Threeoutoffour16ittoMilk-Boneorsausages.Theproductwhichwillbe17intheicecreamsectionofsupermarketscomesin18ofthreeorfourcupscostingabout＄1.79.Whatwouldhappen19ahumanshouldmistakeFrostyPawsforrealicecreamNothingsaysTyznik.It’s20butfranklyhesaysitwon’ttasteverygood. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.18
SectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.Text1Whetherornotanimalsfeelisnotaltogetheraneasyquestiontoanswer.Ahumanbeinghasdirectawarenessonlyofthepainswhichhehimselfsuffers.Ourknowledgeofthepainsevenofotherhumanbeingsisonlyaninferencefromtheirwordsandtoalesserextenttheirbehaviors.Animalscannottelluswhattheyfeel.Wecanofcoursestudytheirbodilyreactionstothekindofstimuliwhichwouldbepainfultohumanbeingsandthishasoftenbeendone.Whensuchstimuliareappliedtoanimalstheirpupilsdilatetheirpulserateandbloodpressurerisetheymaywithdrawthestimulatedlimbandtheymaymakestrugglingmovements.Neverthelessithasbeenpointedoutthatnoneofthesereactionscansafelybetakenasindicationsthattheanimalexperiencespainbecausetheycanallbeevokedwhenthepartsofthebodystimulatedhavebeenisolatedfromthehighernervouscentres.Furthermorewhendiseaseproducessuchanisolationinhumanbeingsthecorrespondingstimuliarepainless.Wemustthereforelookforotherevidenceasthecapacityofanimalstoexperiencepain.Basicallyallthenervouselementswhichunderlietheexperienceofpainbyhumanbeingsaretobefoundinallmammalianvertebratesatleast;thisishardlysurprisingaspainisaresponsetoapotentiallyharmfulstimulusandisthereforeofgreatbiologicalimportanceforsurvival.Isthereanyreasonthenforsupposingthatanimals.thoughequippedwithallthenecessaryneurologicalstructuresdonotexperiencepainSuchaviewwouldseemtopresupposeaprofoundqualitativedifferenceinthementallifeofanimalsandmen.Thedifferencebetweenthehumanandsubhumannervoussystemlieschieflyinthemuchgreaterdevelopmentofthehumanforebrain.Thiswouldbesignificantinthepresentcontextonlyiftherewerereasontobelievethatitalonewascorrelatedwiththeoccurrenceofconsciousexperiences.Butmuchofourknowledgeofthenervousregulationofconsciousnessisderivedfromexperimentsonanimals.Ineverydaylifewetakeitforgrantedthatanimalsseeandhearandthereseemsnoreasontosupposethattheydonotfeelpain.Sowhilethereactionsofthepupilspulserateandbloodpressurementionedabovecaninexceptionalcircumstancesoccurwithouttheconsciousexperienceofpainitseemslikelythatintheintactanimaltheyareindicationsthatpainisbeingexperienced. Theauthorseemstoagreethat
Text4ThomasHuxley’’Darwin’sbulldog"issaidtohavecomeupwiththemostfamousdefenseoftheatheistbeliefthatlifewascreatedbychance.InadebateatOxfordheisreportedtohavestatedthatifenoughmonkeysrandomlypressedtypewriterkeysforalongenoughtimesoonerorlaterPsalm23wouldemerge.Notallatheistsusethisargumentbutitaccuratelyrepresentstheatheistbeliefthatwithenoughtimeandenoughsolarsystemsyou’llgetyouBach’scellosuitesandme.ThisbeliefhasalwaysstruckmeasimplausibleandalthoughIfullyacknowledgethegreatchallengetotheism--therampantandseeminglyrandomunfairnessbuiltintohumanlifenointellectuallyhonestatheistshoulddenythegreatchallengetoatheism--theexistenceofdesignandintelligence.ScientistshavetakenupHuxley’spropositionandfoundfromexperimentswithmonkeysnearatypewriterthatveryfewevenendeduphittinganykey.Aftertheexperimentmathematiciansthencalculatedthateachmonkeytypedasteady120charactersaminuteitwouldtake10tothe813thpower10followedby813zerosmonkeysaboutfiveyearstoknockoutadecentversionofShakespeare’sSonnet.Thefinitenumberofyearsintheuniverse’sexistencewouldnotcomeclosetoproducingafewsentencesletaloneaShakespeareplay.ProfessorRobertJastrowoneofthegreatestlivingastronomersheadoftheMountWilsonObservatoryandanagnosticbestexplainedtheatheismofmanyscientists.JastrowtellsofhissurprisewhensomanyfellowastronomersrefusedtoaccepttheBigBanghypothesisfortheoriginsoftheuniverse.InfactJastrowwritesmanyastronomerswereactuallyunhappyaboutit.WhyBecausetheBigBangimpliedabeginningtotheuniverseandabeginningimpliesaCreatorsomethingmanyscientistspassionatelyreject.ThisledJastrowtothesoberingconclusionthatmanyscientistshavevestednonscientificinterestsinsomeoftheirbeliefsespeciallythenon-existenceofaCreator.NeithermathsnorsciencearguesthatallcameaboutrandomlywithoutaCreator.Onlyakeendesiretodenyoneexplainssuchabeliefabeliefthatshouldbelaidtorest. Atheistsseemtobelievethat
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:ReadthefollowingtextChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.Humansnotonlyloveeatingicecreamtheyenjoy1ittotheirpets.Marketstudiesshowthattwothirdsofalldogownersgiveicecreamtothedogs.2saysWilliamTyznikanexpertinanimalnutritionatOhioStateUniversityicecreamisnotgoodfordogs."Ithasmilksugarinit"hesays"whichdogscannot3verywell."4bythatknowledgebutawareofthedesireofdogownersto5theircompanionsTyznikinventedanewfrozentreatfordogsthathesaysismorenutritiousthanicecream--andasmuch6toeat.TheproductcalledFrostyPawsismadeofaliquidbyproductofcheeseandmilkwiththesugar7.FrostyPawsalsocontainsrefinedsoyflourwatervegetableoilvitaminsandminerals.It8TyznikwhohasalsoinventedahorsefeedcalledTizwhizand9dogfoodnamedTizbitsthreeyearsto10theFrostyPawsformulasandtwo11tocommercializeit.Afterlosing＄25000tryingtomarkettheinventionhimselfTyzniksoldtherightstoAssociatedIceCreamofWestervilleOhiowhichmakestheproductand12itincups.TyznikclaimsthatFrostyPawshasbeentested13andthat"dogsloveit".Of1400dogsthathavebeen14theproducthesays89percenttookitonthefirst15.Threeoutoffour16ittoMilk-Boneorsausages.Theproductwhichwillbe17intheicecreamsectionofsupermarketscomesin18ofthreeorfourcupscostingabout＄1.79.Whatwouldhappen19ahumanshouldmistakeFrostyPawsforrealicecreamNothingsaysTyznik.It’s20butfranklyhesaysitwon’ttasteverygood. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.8
Text3ApossibleconflictinIraq;deterioratingeconomiesinSouthAmericasfamineinsub-SaharanAfrica;turmoilinIndonesia;politicalinstabilityintheBalkans.Andinmanydevelopingcountriespersistentcrimelousyeducationandalackofopportunitiesforenergeticpeopletoprosperwithoutgraftandpoliticalconnections.Nowondersomanypeoplewantthechanceofabetterlifeinthestablemeritocraticeconomiesoftherichworld.Nowondertheyrisktheirlifesavingsoreventheirlivestobuythehopeofhigherearningsfairertreatmentandbetteropportunitiesfortheirfamilies.Thismovementofhumanitybringsundoubtedgainsandnotjusttotheimmigrants.Thegapbetweenearningsinthepoorandrichworldsisvastlygreaterthanthegapinthepricesoftradedgoods.Asoursurveyarguesthepotentialeconomicbenefitstotheworldofliberalizingmigrationdwarfthosefromremovingtradebarriers.Wherepopulationsareagingandeconomiesaresluggishthebenefitsareespeciallygreat.Immigrantsunlikenativesmovereadilytoareaswherelabourisinshortsupplysoeasingbottlenecks.Theybringajust-in-timesupplyofskillstoowhichiswhyhospitalswanttohireforeigndoctorsandnurses;farmerssparehandstopickfruitandvegetables;andwealthycouplesnanniesfortheirchildren.Inmanycasesimmigrantsalsopaymoreintaxesthantheycostinpublicspending.Butvotersinrichcountriesoftendon’tseethingsthisway.Likeotherforcesofglobalizationimmigrationisdisruptiveandatthemostintimatelevel.Itchangestheneighbourhood.Peopleinthestreetspeakoddlanguages;theneighbours’cookingsmellsstrange.Soimmigrationoftenmeetspassionateresistance.EvenincountriesbuiltonimmigrationliketheUnitedStatespoliticianshesitatetopressforeasierentry.AmericahasrefusedtostrikeadealwithMexicotoletinmorelegalmigrants.InEuropehostilityisdeeperandcanbemoredangerous.InthepastyearthefarrighthasgainedinelectionsinFranceDenmarkAustriaandNetherlands.Thehostilitymaywellincrease.Immigrationhasboomedinthepastdecadepartlybecauserichcountrieshavecreatedlotsofjobs.Iftheeconomicslowdownpersistsunemploymentissuretobreedgreaterresentment.AnotherterroristattackalongthelinesofSeptember11th2001wouldrightlyorwronglyincreasefearsthatimmigrantsthreatensecurity.AndasHIVspreadsinthepoorworldrichcountrieswillfretaboutthethreattotheirhealthservicesandtheriskofAIDS.HowthentosquaretheconflictingpressuresofpoliticsandeconomicsThefirstessentialistoacceptthatthevoters’righttoasayaboutwhoandhowmanycanentermusttakeprecedenceovertherightsofthoseunluckyenoughtobeborninpoorerpartsoftheworld.Thetaskofpoliticians--andofemployersistopersuadevotersthatimmigrationisnotonlyinevitablebutalsointheirlong-terminterests. Itcanbeinferredthatvotersinrichcountriesfailtorealize
Text2Nowthatmanymediachieftainshavefallenintodisreputeandhaveleftthosewhoarestillinpositionsfeeltheneedtotaketheproblemseriously."CEOswereoverturnedasweresomestocks."ThatishowAOLTimeWarnerentertainmentgroupChairmanJeffBewkessummeditup.Theeraofthe"imperial"one-manruleCEOhascometoanendMTVNetworksChairmanTomFrestonadded.Thetwoexecutivesagreedthattheindustry’scomplexandoftenill-fatedmegsmergershadproventhatbiggerisnotnecessarilybetternomatterhowbigthereputationsofthepersonalitiesbehindthem.Thecontinuingflameoutofmediaexecutiveswhoafewyearsagowerehailedasvisionarieswasactivethismonthandtheindustry’sfearsreachedintotheexecutiveranksofmusicpublishingandTV.TechnologyvisionarySteveCaseleftaschairmanofAOLTimeWarnerreplacedbyChiefExecutiveRichardParsons.TopexecutivesatSonyMusicMCARecordsandRandomHousewerebooted.AndWalterIsaacsonchairmanofCNNNetworksleftforathinktank.Thisshowsjusthowdifficultithasbecometofindtherightmanagersfortheterriblyalteredmedia."Manyexecutivesgotcaughtupinthelate90’sboominthemediaindustryandgotaheadofthemselvesinstrategicvisionfortheircompanies"saidMarkMayofUSinvestmentfirmKaufmanBros."Ittakesmorethanacoupleofyearsforthesecompaniestobereadyforanothervisionary."ThecollapseofthedotcombubbletheabilityofmusicfanstogetsongsfreeontheInternetsaggingbottomlinesandintensecompetitionamongcableTVnewsnetworksaresomedevelopmentsthathelpedtripupmediaexecutivesrecently.Buttheurgetomergewasoneoftheirweakestpoints.ItisnotthatmediacompaniesshouldavoidallmergerssaidLarryHavertymanagingdirectoratStateStreetResearchaUSinvestmentmanagementfirm.Theyneedacquisitionsforgrowth.Butmakingthemworkisarealchallenge.Theyneedtochoosewhatpiecesfittogetherandhowmuchtheyareworth.Theyneedtoadjustquicklywhentechnologyandconsumerhabittrendsshift.Andmorethanevertheymustbecarefulnottopromisetoomuch.SonyCorp.ofAmericaChairmanHowardStringersaidthatanexecutivetodayis"therarestofseniorentertainmentexecutivesequallyadeptatbusinessmanagementstrategyandvaluecreationaswellasaconsummate完美的andprovendeveloperofcontenttalentandideas". Thebiggestproblemmediaexecutivesarefacingnowadaysis
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:ReadthefollowingtextChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.Humansnotonlyloveeatingicecreamtheyenjoy1ittotheirpets.Marketstudiesshowthattwothirdsofalldogownersgiveicecreamtothedogs.2saysWilliamTyznikanexpertinanimalnutritionatOhioStateUniversityicecreamisnotgoodfordogs."Ithasmilksugarinit"hesays"whichdogscannot3verywell."4bythatknowledgebutawareofthedesireofdogownersto5theircompanionsTyznikinventedanewfrozentreatfordogsthathesaysismorenutritiousthanicecream--andasmuch6toeat.TheproductcalledFrostyPawsismadeofaliquidbyproductofcheeseandmilkwiththesugar7.FrostyPawsalsocontainsrefinedsoyflourwatervegetableoilvitaminsandminerals.It8TyznikwhohasalsoinventedahorsefeedcalledTizwhizand9dogfoodnamedTizbitsthreeyearsto10theFrostyPawsformulasandtwo11tocommercializeit.Afterlosing＄25000tryingtomarkettheinventionhimselfTyzniksoldtherightstoAssociatedIceCreamofWestervilleOhiowhichmakestheproductand12itincups.TyznikclaimsthatFrostyPawshasbeentested13andthat"dogsloveit".Of1400dogsthathavebeen14theproducthesays89percenttookitonthefirst15.Threeoutoffour16ittoMilk-Boneorsausages.Theproductwhichwillbe17intheicecreamsectionofsupermarketscomesin18ofthreeorfourcupscostingabout＄1.79.Whatwouldhappen19ahumanshouldmistakeFrostyPawsforrealicecreamNothingsaysTyznik.It’s20butfranklyhesaysitwon’ttasteverygood. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.6
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:ReadthefollowingtextChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.Humansnotonlyloveeatingicecreamtheyenjoy1ittotheirpets.Marketstudiesshowthattwothirdsofalldogownersgiveicecreamtothedogs.2saysWilliamTyznikanexpertinanimalnutritionatOhioStateUniversityicecreamisnotgoodfordogs."Ithasmilksugarinit"hesays"whichdogscannot3verywell."4bythatknowledgebutawareofthedesireofdogownersto5theircompanionsTyznikinventedanewfrozentreatfordogsthathesaysismorenutritiousthanicecream--andasmuch6toeat.TheproductcalledFrostyPawsismadeofaliquidbyproductofcheeseandmilkwiththesugar7.FrostyPawsalsocontainsrefinedsoyflourwatervegetableoilvitaminsandminerals.It8TyznikwhohasalsoinventedahorsefeedcalledTizwhizand9dogfoodnamedTizbitsthreeyearsto10theFrostyPawsformulasandtwo11tocommercializeit.Afterlosing＄25000tryingtomarkettheinventionhimselfTyzniksoldtherightstoAssociatedIceCreamofWestervilleOhiowhichmakestheproductand12itincups.TyznikclaimsthatFrostyPawshasbeentested13andthat"dogsloveit".Of1400dogsthathavebeen14theproducthesays89percenttookitonthefirst15.Threeoutoffour16ittoMilk-Boneorsausages.Theproductwhichwillbe17intheicecreamsectionofsupermarketscomesin18ofthreeorfourcupscostingabout＄1.79.Whatwouldhappen19ahumanshouldmistakeFrostyPawsforrealicecreamNothingsaysTyznik.It’s20butfranklyhesaysitwon’ttasteverygood. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.16
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:ReadthefollowingtextChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.Humansnotonlyloveeatingicecreamtheyenjoy1ittotheirpets.Marketstudiesshowthattwothirdsofalldogownersgiveicecreamtothedogs.2saysWilliamTyznikanexpertinanimalnutritionatOhioStateUniversityicecreamisnotgoodfordogs."Ithasmilksugarinit"hesays"whichdogscannot3verywell."4bythatknowledgebutawareofthedesireofdogownersto5theircompanionsTyznikinventedanewfrozentreatfordogsthathesaysismorenutritiousthanicecream--andasmuch6toeat.TheproductcalledFrostyPawsismadeofaliquidbyproductofcheeseandmilkwiththesugar7.FrostyPawsalsocontainsrefinedsoyflourwatervegetableoilvitaminsandminerals.It8TyznikwhohasalsoinventedahorsefeedcalledTizwhizand9dogfoodnamedTizbitsthreeyearsto10theFrostyPawsformulasandtwo11tocommercializeit.Afterlosing＄25000tryingtomarkettheinventionhimselfTyzniksoldtherightstoAssociatedIceCreamofWestervilleOhiowhichmakestheproductand12itincups.TyznikclaimsthatFrostyPawshasbeentested13andthat"dogsloveit".Of1400dogsthathavebeen14theproducthesays89percenttookitonthefirst15.Threeoutoffour16ittoMilk-Boneorsausages.Theproductwhichwillbe17intheicecreamsectionofsupermarketscomesin18ofthreeorfourcupscostingabout＄1.79.Whatwouldhappen19ahumanshouldmistakeFrostyPawsforrealicecreamNothingsaysTyznik.It’s20butfranklyhesaysitwon’ttasteverygood. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.20
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:ReadthefollowingtextChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.Humansnotonlyloveeatingicecreamtheyenjoy1ittotheirpets.Marketstudiesshowthattwothirdsofalldogownersgiveicecreamtothedogs.2saysWilliamTyznikanexpertinanimalnutritionatOhioStateUniversityicecreamisnotgoodfordogs."Ithasmilksugarinit"hesays"whichdogscannot3verywell."4bythatknowledgebutawareofthedesireofdogownersto5theircompanionsTyznikinventedanewfrozentreatfordogsthathesaysismorenutritiousthanicecream--andasmuch6toeat.TheproductcalledFrostyPawsismadeofaliquidbyproductofcheeseandmilkwiththesugar7.FrostyPawsalsocontainsrefinedsoyflourwatervegetableoilvitaminsandminerals.It8TyznikwhohasalsoinventedahorsefeedcalledTizwhizand9dogfoodnamedTizbitsthreeyearsto10theFrostyPawsformulasandtwo11tocommercializeit.Afterlosing＄25000tryingtomarkettheinventionhimselfTyzniksoldtherightstoAssociatedIceCreamofWestervilleOhiowhichmakestheproductand12itincups.TyznikclaimsthatFrostyPawshasbeentested13andthat"dogsloveit".Of1400dogsthathavebeen14theproducthesays89percenttookitonthefirst15.Threeoutoffour16ittoMilk-Boneorsausages.Theproductwhichwillbe17intheicecreamsectionofsupermarketscomesin18ofthreeorfourcupscostingabout＄1.79.Whatwouldhappen19ahumanshouldmistakeFrostyPawsforrealicecreamNothingsaysTyznik.It’s20butfranklyhesaysitwon’ttasteverygood. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.12
Text4ThomasHuxley’’Darwin’sbulldog"issaidtohavecomeupwiththemostfamousdefenseoftheatheistbeliefthatlifewascreatedbychance.InadebateatOxfordheisreportedtohavestatedthatifenoughmonkeysrandomlypressedtypewriterkeysforalongenoughtimesoonerorlaterPsalm23wouldemerge.Notallatheistsusethisargumentbutitaccuratelyrepresentstheatheistbeliefthatwithenoughtimeandenoughsolarsystemsyou’llgetyouBach’scellosuitesandme.ThisbeliefhasalwaysstruckmeasimplausibleandalthoughIfullyacknowledgethegreatchallengetotheism--therampantandseeminglyrandomunfairnessbuiltintohumanlifenointellectuallyhonestatheistshoulddenythegreatchallengetoatheism--theexistenceofdesignandintelligence.ScientistshavetakenupHuxley’spropositionandfoundfromexperimentswithmonkeysnearatypewriterthatveryfewevenendeduphittinganykey.Aftertheexperimentmathematiciansthencalculatedthateachmonkeytypedasteady120charactersaminuteitwouldtake10tothe813thpower10followedby813zerosmonkeysaboutfiveyearstoknockoutadecentversionofShakespeare’sSonnet.Thefinitenumberofyearsintheuniverse’sexistencewouldnotcomeclosetoproducingafewsentencesletaloneaShakespeareplay.ProfessorRobertJastrowoneofthegreatestlivingastronomersheadoftheMountWilsonObservatoryandanagnosticbestexplainedtheatheismofmanyscientists.JastrowtellsofhissurprisewhensomanyfellowastronomersrefusedtoaccepttheBigBanghypothesisfortheoriginsoftheuniverse.InfactJastrowwritesmanyastronomerswereactuallyunhappyaboutit.WhyBecausetheBigBangimpliedabeginningtotheuniverseandabeginningimpliesaCreatorsomethingmanyscientistspassionatelyreject.ThisledJastrowtothesoberingconclusionthatmanyscientistshavevestednonscientificinterestsinsomeoftheirbeliefsespeciallythenon-existenceofaCreator.NeithermathsnorsciencearguesthatallcameaboutrandomlywithoutaCreator.Onlyakeendesiretodenyoneexplainssuchabeliefabeliefthatshouldbelaidtorest. WhatdoesJastrowthinkofmanyscientists
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:ReadthefollowingtextChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.Humansnotonlyloveeatingicecreamtheyenjoy1ittotheirpets.Marketstudiesshowthattwothirdsofalldogownersgiveicecreamtothedogs.2saysWilliamTyznikanexpertinanimalnutritionatOhioStateUniversityicecreamisnotgoodfordogs."Ithasmilksugarinit"hesays"whichdogscannot3verywell."4bythatknowledgebutawareofthedesireofdogownersto5theircompanionsTyznikinventedanewfrozentreatfordogsthathesaysismorenutritiousthanicecream--andasmuch6toeat.TheproductcalledFrostyPawsismadeofaliquidbyproductofcheeseandmilkwiththesugar7.FrostyPawsalsocontainsrefinedsoyflourwatervegetableoilvitaminsandminerals.It8TyznikwhohasalsoinventedahorsefeedcalledTizwhizand9dogfoodnamedTizbitsthreeyearsto10theFrostyPawsformulasandtwo11tocommercializeit.Afterlosing＄25000tryingtomarkettheinventionhimselfTyzniksoldtherightstoAssociatedIceCreamofWestervilleOhiowhichmakestheproductand12itincups.TyznikclaimsthatFrostyPawshasbeentested13andthat"dogsloveit".Of1400dogsthathavebeen14theproducthesays89percenttookitonthefirst15.Threeoutoffour16ittoMilk-Boneorsausages.Theproductwhichwillbe17intheicecreamsectionofsupermarketscomesin18ofthreeorfourcupscostingabout＄1.79.Whatwouldhappen19ahumanshouldmistakeFrostyPawsforrealicecreamNothingsaysTyznik.It’s20butfranklyhesaysitwon’ttasteverygood. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.14
SectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.Text1Whetherornotanimalsfeelisnotaltogetheraneasyquestiontoanswer.Ahumanbeinghasdirectawarenessonlyofthepainswhichhehimselfsuffers.Ourknowledgeofthepainsevenofotherhumanbeingsisonlyaninferencefromtheirwordsandtoalesserextenttheirbehaviors.Animalscannottelluswhattheyfeel.Wecanofcoursestudytheirbodilyreactionstothekindofstimuliwhichwouldbepainfultohumanbeingsandthishasoftenbeendone.Whensuchstimuliareappliedtoanimalstheirpupilsdilatetheirpulserateandbloodpressurerisetheymaywithdrawthestimulatedlimbandtheymaymakestrugglingmovements.Neverthelessithasbeenpointedoutthatnoneofthesereactionscansafelybetakenasindicationsthattheanimalexperiencespainbecausetheycanallbeevokedwhenthepartsofthebodystimulatedhavebeenisolatedfromthehighernervouscentres.Furthermorewhendiseaseproducessuchanisolationinhumanbeingsthecorrespondingstimuliarepainless.Wemustthereforelookforotherevidenceasthecapacityofanimalstoexperiencepain.Basicallyallthenervouselementswhichunderlietheexperienceofpainbyhumanbeingsaretobefoundinallmammalianvertebratesatleast;thisishardlysurprisingaspainisaresponsetoapotentiallyharmfulstimulusandisthereforeofgreatbiologicalimportanceforsurvival.Isthereanyreasonthenforsupposingthatanimals.thoughequippedwithallthenecessaryneurologicalstructuresdonotexperiencepainSuchaviewwouldseemtopresupposeaprofoundqualitativedifferenceinthementallifeofanimalsandmen.Thedifferencebetweenthehumanandsubhumannervoussystemlieschieflyinthemuchgreaterdevelopmentofthehumanforebrain.Thiswouldbesignificantinthepresentcontextonlyiftherewerereasontobelievethatitalonewascorrelatedwiththeoccurrenceofconsciousexperiences.Butmuchofourknowledgeofthenervousregulationofconsciousnessisderivedfromexperimentsonanimals.Ineverydaylifewetakeitforgrantedthatanimalsseeandhearandthereseemsnoreasontosupposethattheydonotfeelpain.Sowhilethereactionsofthepupilspulserateandbloodpressurementionedabovecaninexceptionalcircumstancesoccurwithouttheconsciousexperienceofpainitseemslikelythatintheintactanimaltheyareindicationsthatpainisbeingexperienced. Thehumannervoussystemdiffersfromthatofanimalsinthat
Text2Nowthatmanymediachieftainshavefallenintodisreputeandhaveleftthosewhoarestillinpositionsfeeltheneedtotaketheproblemseriously."CEOswereoverturnedasweresomestocks."ThatishowAOLTimeWarnerentertainmentgroupChairmanJeffBewkessummeditup.Theeraofthe"imperial"one-manruleCEOhascometoanendMTVNetworksChairmanTomFrestonadded.Thetwoexecutivesagreedthattheindustry’scomplexandoftenill-fatedmegsmergershadproventhatbiggerisnotnecessarilybetternomatterhowbigthereputationsofthepersonalitiesbehindthem.Thecontinuingflameoutofmediaexecutiveswhoafewyearsagowerehailedasvisionarieswasactivethismonthandtheindustry’sfearsreachedintotheexecutiveranksofmusicpublishingandTV.TechnologyvisionarySteveCaseleftaschairmanofAOLTimeWarnerreplacedbyChiefExecutiveRichardParsons.TopexecutivesatSonyMusicMCARecordsandRandomHousewerebooted.AndWalterIsaacsonchairmanofCNNNetworksleftforathinktank.Thisshowsjusthowdifficultithasbecometofindtherightmanagersfortheterriblyalteredmedia."Manyexecutivesgotcaughtupinthelate90’sboominthemediaindustryandgotaheadofthemselvesinstrategicvisionfortheircompanies"saidMarkMayofUSinvestmentfirmKaufmanBros."Ittakesmorethanacoupleofyearsforthesecompaniestobereadyforanothervisionary."ThecollapseofthedotcombubbletheabilityofmusicfanstogetsongsfreeontheInternetsaggingbottomlinesandintensecompetitionamongcableTVnewsnetworksaresomedevelopmentsthathelpedtripupmediaexecutivesrecently.Buttheurgetomergewasoneoftheirweakestpoints.ItisnotthatmediacompaniesshouldavoidallmergerssaidLarryHavertymanagingdirectoratStateStreetResearchaUSinvestmentmanagementfirm.Theyneedacquisitionsforgrowth.Butmakingthemworkisarealchallenge.Theyneedtochoosewhatpiecesfittogetherandhowmuchtheyareworth.Theyneedtoadjustquicklywhentechnologyandconsumerhabittrendsshift.Andmorethanevertheymustbecarefulnottopromisetoomuch.SonyCorp.ofAmericaChairmanHowardStringersaidthatanexecutivetodayis"therarestofseniorentertainmentexecutivesequallyadeptatbusinessmanagementstrategyandvaluecreationaswellasaconsummate完美的andprovendeveloperofcontenttalentandideas". Whatcausedthedeclineofmedia
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