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学校教育始于
奴隶社会末期
原始社会末期
封建社会中期
奴隶社会初期
原始社会中调整人们行为的规则主要是
习惯
道德
zōng jiāo
法律
民族产生于
原始社会早期
原始社会中期
原始社会末期
奴隶社会
部落是指在原始社会中许多近亲的氏族共同组成部落若干部落又组成____________
我国青铜器出现于
夏朝
商朝
原始社会中期
原始社会末期
一夫一妻制产生于
原始社会初期
原始社会中期
原始社会崩溃时期
文明社会
经验决策的产生至少可追溯到
原始社会初期
原始社会中期
原始社会后期
商品交换最早出现于
原始社会中期
原始社会末期
奴隶社会中期
奴隶社会末期
古代旅游产生的时间是
原始社会初期
原始社会中期
奴隶社会末期
原始社会末期
学校教育始于
奴隶社会初期
奴隶社会末期
原始社会末期
封建社会中期
认为教育起源于原始社会中儿童对成人行为无意识的模仿属于______说
教育具有阶级性这个命题成立的条件是
在人类社会中
在原始社会中
在阶级社会中
在古代社会中
如何理解巫术礼仪活动是在原始社会中促进审美发生最重要的一种中介因素
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Sportpsychologyresearchhasdocumentedtheimportantroteofsignificantadultssuchasparentsandcoachesinyouthparticipants’psychosocialdevelopmentandachievementmotivation.Howeverthesituationconcerningparentsandcoachesinyouthsportissomewhatofaconundrum—therolesofcoachandparentareoftensynonymoussuggestingnotsimplyanindependentrelationshipwiththechildparticipant. Inrecentyearsagrowingbodyofliteraturehasemergedonparentinfluenceinyouthsportbasedontheseandothertheories.Firstresearchshowsthatparentswhoaremoresupportiveandlesspressuringoftheirchildrenareassociatedwithyouthparticipantswhoreporthigherperceivedcompetenceenjoymentandintrinsicmotivationtowardsport.Secondparentswhoencouragetheirchild’sparticipationandexhibitenjoymentofphysicalactivityarerelatedtochildrenwhoreporthigherperceivedcompetenceandattractiontowardphysicalactivity.Finallyparentswhoholdstrongerpositivebeliefsabouttheirchild’sphysicalcompetenceareassociatedwithchildrenwhoreporthigherself-perceptionsvaluetowardsportandphysicalactivitylevels. AprevalentphenomenonofNorthAmericancultureistheparent-coachdualrole.Mostcoachesincompetitiveyouthsportareparentsofoneormoreoftheirplayers.Brownestimatedthatabout90%ofthevolunteercoachesinagivencommunityareaparentofoneormoreteammembers.Althoughonecanforwardseveralpositiveaspectsoftheparent-coachphenomenonthereisalsothepotentialforyouthtoperceivestressfromthisparent-childrelationship.Severalresearchersreportedthatadolescentathletesfeltpressurefromtheircoachesandparentstoperformwellanddesiredthatparentsbesourcesofsocialsupportandleaveskillandstrategyinstructiontothecoach’sdomain.Collectivelyanecdotalaccountsandempiricaldatasuggestthatexploringthebenefitsandcostsofparentscoachingtheirchildrenisaworthytopicfromboththeoreticalandappliedperspectives. Thereforebasedonpreviousresearchontheroleofparentsandcoachesinyouthdevelopmentthepurposeofthepresentstudywastogainknowledgeabouttheparent-coachphenomenonincompetitiveyouthsport.Weaccomplishedthispurposebyinterviewingyouthsoccerplayerswhowerecoachedbytheirparentthechild’steammatesandtheparent-coach.Weexpectthatchildparticipantswouldidentifybothpositiveandnegativeaspectsofhavingaparentastheircoachinlinewithpreviousresearchbutweweremostcurioustoknowifdifferentissueswouldberaisedabouttheuniqueparent-coach/child-athleterelationship. Whataretheresearchersmostinterestedtoknowaboutintheircurrentstudy
Thereisvirtuallynolimittohowonecanservecommunityinterestsfromspendingafewhoursaweekwithsomecharitableorganizationtopracticallyfull-timeworkforasocialagency.Justasthereareopportunitiesforvoluntaryservice1VSOforyoungpeoplebeforetheytakeupfull-timeemployment2thereareopportunitiesforoverseasservicefor3techniciansindevelopingcountries.Somepeople4thosewhoretireearly5theirtechnicalandbusinessskillsincountries6thereisaspecialneed. Soinconsideringvoluntaryor7communityservicetherearemoreopportunitiesthanthere8werewhenonefirstbeganwork.Mostvoluntaryorganizationshaveonlyasmallfull-time 9anddependverymuchonvolunteersandpart-timers.Thismeansthatworkingrelationshipsaredifferentfromthoseincommercialorganizationsandvaluesmaybedifferent.10somewaystheymayseemmorecasualandlessefficientbutoneshouldnot11thembycommercialcriteria.Thepeoplewhoworkwiththemdosofordifferentreasonsandwithdifferent12bothpersonaland13.Oneshouldnotjointhem14toarmthemwithprofessionalexperience;theymustbejoinedwithcommitmenttothe15notbusinessefficiency.Becausesalariesare16ornon-existentmanyvoluntarybodiesoffermodestexpense.Butmanyretiredpeopletakepartincommunityservicefor17simplybecausetheyenjoythework. Manycommunityactivitiespossible18retirementwerealsopossibleduringone’sworkinglifebuttheyaretobeundertaken19seriouslyforthat.Retiredpeoplewhoarejustlookingforsomethingdifferentorunusualtodoshouldnotconsider20communityservice. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.7
Thereisvirtuallynolimittohowonecanservecommunityinterestsfromspendingafewhoursaweekwithsomecharitableorganizationtopracticallyfull-timeworkforasocialagency.Justasthereareopportunitiesforvoluntaryservice1VSOforyoungpeoplebeforetheytakeupfull-timeemployment2thereareopportunitiesforoverseasservicefor3techniciansindevelopingcountries.Somepeople4thosewhoretireearly5theirtechnicalandbusinessskillsincountries6thereisaspecialneed. Soinconsideringvoluntaryor7communityservicetherearemoreopportunitiesthanthere8werewhenonefirstbeganwork.Mostvoluntaryorganizationshaveonlyasmallfull-time 9anddependverymuchonvolunteersandpart-timers.Thismeansthatworkingrelationshipsaredifferentfromthoseincommercialorganizationsandvaluesmaybedifferent.10somewaystheymayseemmorecasualandlessefficientbutoneshouldnot11thembycommercialcriteria.Thepeoplewhoworkwiththemdosofordifferentreasonsandwithdifferent12bothpersonaland13.Oneshouldnotjointhem14toarmthemwithprofessionalexperience;theymustbejoinedwithcommitmenttothe15notbusinessefficiency.Becausesalariesare16ornon-existentmanyvoluntarybodiesoffermodestexpense.Butmanyretiredpeopletakepartincommunityservicefor17simplybecausetheyenjoythework. Manycommunityactivitiespossible18retirementwerealsopossibleduringone’sworkinglifebuttheyaretobeundertaken19seriouslyforthat.Retiredpeoplewhoarejustlookingforsomethingdifferentorunusualtodoshouldnotconsider20communityservice. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.5
Anattempttowardstherectificationoftherotthathassetinthesocialandnationallifeofthecountryisbeingmadewithgreatenthusiasmthroughjudicialactivism.Howeverjudicialactivismalonedoesnotsufficefortherectificationofthisall-pervadingmalaise.Whatisurgentlyneededisthesupportofothersocialagencies/institutions.Averyimportantroleinthismattercanbeplayedbymediaactivismthetopicunderdiscussiontoday. Itisundoubtedlytruethatthepositionofmediaorjournalismisnotthatofamissionbutofacommercialindustry.Thetruthofthematterhoweveristhatourpresentjournalismisusedtopresentingonlyhalfsideofthepicture.Thisistherootcauseofallourproblems.Inviewofthepresentcircumstancesmediaactivismwouldamounttopresentabalancedreportingofthesituationabandoningthepresentpolicyofselectivereporting. Theprincipleofmodernjournalismcanbeunderstoodfromthissaying:"Whenadogbitesamanitisnonewsbutwhenamanbitesadogitisnews".OnepracticalexampleofthismethodisprovidedbyourpresentjournalismwhichisconstantlyengagedingivingmaximumcoveragetoanyhotnewscreatedbyanunrulysectionofMuslims.Ifthepercentageofhotnewsformsonlyonepercentthepercentageofsoftnewsisnotlessthan99percent.Butthereadersofthenewspapersaretotallyinthedarkaboutthis99percentofthepicturewhereastheonepercentisbeingrepeated.SimilarlyifanextremistHinducreateshotnewsthiswillfindaplaceinallthenewspapersthenextday.WhereasevenintheHinduworldthereis99percentsoftnewswhilehotnewsformsnotmorethanonepercent. Asaresultofthisonesidedstudyunrealopinionisformedbyboththecommunitiesregardingoneanother.Takingextremeformsthisunrealopinionattimesturnsintocommunalriots.Theselectivereportingofthisnatureremainsapermanentobstacletothepathofnationalintegration. Fortherectificationofthisstateofaffairsapowerfuljournalistsorganization-aswealreadyhaveformedforourrights-basedontheprinciplesofsocialresponsibilitiesisrequired.MediaRelationsForumisanorganizationwhichaimsatworkingforthisgoal. AlongwiththisIshouldliketoputforwardaproposalforbringingaboutanatmosphereofsupportandcooperationbetweenthenewspapersandsocialworkers.Wheneverarumorspreadsoragroupindulgesinanyactivitywhichmayleadtodisruptingpeacesocialworkersshouldimmediatelyengagethemselvesinathoroughinvestigationofthematterandthenthroughthefullsupportofthenewspaperstheactualversionispublishedinthenewspapers.Thisistheonlywaytomaintainpeaceandharmonyincommunities. Inthelastparagraphtheauthorfocusesontheresponsibilitiesof
LastyearonegroupofstudentsinTaiwandidjustthat.Theytookchances-andendedupinjail.Morethan20studentspaidacramschoolownertohelpthemcheatonTaiwan’sentranceexamaccordingtopolice.Thestudentsreceivedanswerstotestquestionsthroughcellphonesandotherelectronicdevices.Taiwanisn’ttheonlyplaceinAsiatoseemajorcheatingscandals.InbothIndiaandSouthKoreacollegeentranceexamshavebeenstolenandsoldtostudents. Academiccheatinghasrisendramaticallyoverthelastdecade.DukeUniversityconductedasurveyof50000universityand18000highschoolstudentsinAmerica.Morethan70percentofthestudentsadmittedcheating.Just10yearsearlieronly56percentsaidtheyhadcheated.ThistrendextendsfarbeyondtheU.S.too.InAsiawherestudentsfaceintensepressuretoexcelthecheatingproblemisespeciallypronounced.InmanyAsiancountriesastudent’sperformanceismeasuredmostlybyexamscores.Andadmissiontoatopschooldependsonacingstandardizedtests.Thistest-drivenculturemakescheatinganeasywayforstudentstogetaheadinasuper-competitiveacademicsystem. Butthepressuretoperformwellontestsisn’ttheonlythingturningstudentsintocheaters.Foronenewtechnologymakescheatingeasierthanever.Studentsnowhavemoresophisticatedoptionsthanjust"cheatsheets"hiddeninpencilboxes.Today’stech-smartstudentsusetext-messagingtodiscreetlysendeachothertestanswers.Theypostquestionsfromstandardizedtestsoninternetbulletinboards.StudentsinAsiaforexamplehavepostedquestionsfromtheTestofEnglishasaForeignLanguageTOEFLandtheGraduateRecordExamGRE. Deeperissuesthantechnologyandtestinghowevermaybeleadingtotheriseinacademicdishonesty.Bothstudentsandeducatorssaythatsocietyofferstoomanynegativerolemodels.Businesspeoplemakemillionsandscientistseamintemationalacclaimbycheatingandlying.ThecaseofKoreanscientistHwangWooSukoffersonepowerfulexample.Hefakedtheresultsofhisstemcellresearchandbecameanationalhero.Frommanysectorsofsocietythemessagetostudentsisloudandclear:Cheatingisaneasywaytogetahead. VictoriaLinahighschoolteacherinTaichungsayseducatorsmustbegintostressintegrityaswellasachievementinacademics.That’swhatshetriestoinstillinherstudents."Ialwaystellmystudents’Howmuchisyourcharacterworth100points90points’"JerryChangastudentatTaiwan’sOrientalInstituteofTechnologyalsohaswordsofadviceforclassmatesheseescheating."Whenyoucheatonexamsyouonlycheatyourself"hesays"becauseyouwon’tknowhowmuchyou’vereallylearned." TheexampleofKoreanscientistHwangWooSukisquotedto
Sportpsychologyresearchhasdocumentedtheimportantroteofsignificantadultssuchasparentsandcoachesinyouthparticipants’psychosocialdevelopmentandachievementmotivation.Howeverthesituationconcerningparentsandcoachesinyouthsportissomewhatofaconundrum—therolesofcoachandparentareoftensynonymoussuggestingnotsimplyanindependentrelationshipwiththechildparticipant. Inrecentyearsagrowingbodyofliteraturehasemergedonparentinfluenceinyouthsportbasedontheseandothertheories.Firstresearchshowsthatparentswhoaremoresupportiveandlesspressuringoftheirchildrenareassociatedwithyouthparticipantswhoreporthigherperceivedcompetenceenjoymentandintrinsicmotivationtowardsport.Secondparentswhoencouragetheirchild’sparticipationandexhibitenjoymentofphysicalactivityarerelatedtochildrenwhoreporthigherperceivedcompetenceandattractiontowardphysicalactivity.Finallyparentswhoholdstrongerpositivebeliefsabouttheirchild’sphysicalcompetenceareassociatedwithchildrenwhoreporthigherself-perceptionsvaluetowardsportandphysicalactivitylevels. AprevalentphenomenonofNorthAmericancultureistheparent-coachdualrole.Mostcoachesincompetitiveyouthsportareparentsofoneormoreoftheirplayers.Brownestimatedthatabout90%ofthevolunteercoachesinagivencommunityareaparentofoneormoreteammembers.Althoughonecanforwardseveralpositiveaspectsoftheparent-coachphenomenonthereisalsothepotentialforyouthtoperceivestressfromthisparent-childrelationship.Severalresearchersreportedthatadolescentathletesfeltpressurefromtheircoachesandparentstoperformwellanddesiredthatparentsbesourcesofsocialsupportandleaveskillandstrategyinstructiontothecoach’sdomain.Collectivelyanecdotalaccountsandempiricaldatasuggestthatexploringthebenefitsandcostsofparentscoachingtheirchildrenisaworthytopicfromboththeoreticalandappliedperspectives. Thereforebasedonpreviousresearchontheroleofparentsandcoachesinyouthdevelopmentthepurposeofthepresentstudywastogainknowledgeabouttheparent-coachphenomenonincompetitiveyouthsport.Weaccomplishedthispurposebyinterviewingyouthsoccerplayerswhowerecoachedbytheirparentthechild’steammatesandtheparent-coach.Weexpectthatchildparticipantswouldidentifybothpositiveandnegativeaspectsofhavingaparentastheircoachinlinewithpreviousresearchbutweweremostcurioustoknowifdifferentissueswouldberaisedabouttheuniqueparent-coach/child-athleterelationship. Whatisthemainideaofparagraph2
Anattempttowardstherectificationoftherotthathassetinthesocialandnationallifeofthecountryisbeingmadewithgreatenthusiasmthroughjudicialactivism.Howeverjudicialactivismalonedoesnotsufficefortherectificationofthisall-pervadingmalaise.Whatisurgentlyneededisthesupportofothersocialagencies/institutions.Averyimportantroleinthismattercanbeplayedbymediaactivismthetopicunderdiscussiontoday. Itisundoubtedlytruethatthepositionofmediaorjournalismisnotthatofamissionbutofacommercialindustry.Thetruthofthematterhoweveristhatourpresentjournalismisusedtopresentingonlyhalfsideofthepicture.Thisistherootcauseofallourproblems.Inviewofthepresentcircumstancesmediaactivismwouldamounttopresentabalancedreportingofthesituationabandoningthepresentpolicyofselectivereporting. Theprincipleofmodernjournalismcanbeunderstoodfromthissaying:"Whenadogbitesamanitisnonewsbutwhenamanbitesadogitisnews".OnepracticalexampleofthismethodisprovidedbyourpresentjournalismwhichisconstantlyengagedingivingmaximumcoveragetoanyhotnewscreatedbyanunrulysectionofMuslims.Ifthepercentageofhotnewsformsonlyonepercentthepercentageofsoftnewsisnotlessthan99percent.Butthereadersofthenewspapersaretotallyinthedarkaboutthis99percentofthepicturewhereastheonepercentisbeingrepeated.SimilarlyifanextremistHinducreateshotnewsthiswillfindaplaceinallthenewspapersthenextday.WhereasevenintheHinduworldthereis99percentsoftnewswhilehotnewsformsnotmorethanonepercent. Asaresultofthisonesidedstudyunrealopinionisformedbyboththecommunitiesregardingoneanother.Takingextremeformsthisunrealopinionattimesturnsintocommunalriots.Theselectivereportingofthisnatureremainsapermanentobstacletothepathofnationalintegration. Fortherectificationofthisstateofaffairsapowerfuljournalistsorganization-aswealreadyhaveformedforourrights-basedontheprinciplesofsocialresponsibilitiesisrequired.MediaRelationsForumisanorganizationwhichaimsatworkingforthisgoal. AlongwiththisIshouldliketoputforwardaproposalforbringingaboutanatmosphereofsupportandcooperationbetweenthenewspapersandsocialworkers.Wheneverarumorspreadsoragroupindulgesinanyactivitywhichmayleadtodisruptingpeacesocialworkersshouldimmediatelyengagethemselvesinathoroughinvestigationofthematterandthenthroughthefullsupportofthenewspaperstheactualversionispublishedinthenewspapers.Thisistheonlywaytomaintainpeaceandharmonyincommunities. TheexampleofthereportsaboutMuslimsisusedto
Directions: Yougettheinformationfromthenewspaperthat××companyisemployinganEnglishinterpreter.Youshouldwriteanletterforthejob.Yourpersonalinformationisasfollows: 1Age30;height1.80m;healthconditionwell;hobbiesswimmingsingingdancing. 2Resume:graduatedfromPekingUniversityin1994workedinNantongMiddleSchool. 3Specialty:goodatEnglishespeciallyspokenEnglishtranslatedmanyChinesebooksintoEnglishunderstandJapanese. Tel:3654731 Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use"LiMing"instead.
It’snevertooearlyortoolateforaparenttobecomeateacher.Inthisageofteacheraccountabilityendlessschooltestingincreasedpressureandcompetitionandtheproliferationof"educational"toystoomanypeopleforgetthatsuccessbeginsathome. FreemanA.HrabowskiⅢpresidentoftheUniversityofMarylandBaltimoreCountyandco-authorofBeatingtheOdds:RaisingAcademicallySuccessfulAfricanAmericanMalesandOvercomingtheOdds:RaisingAcademicallySuccessfulAfricanAmericanYoungWomensaysthatintheinterviewsheandhisco-authorsconductedtheoverwhelmingfactorintheirchildren’sacademicachievementwasthatparentsinspiredandenvisionedtheirchildren’ssuccess.Theythoughtandtalkedaboutwhatwouldberequiredtohavea.successfulchild. "Itjustmakessuchadifferencewhenthere’ssomeoneinthathouseworkingtorelatetothatchildandinspirethatchild"Hrabowskisays."Theseparentsofthehighachieversdiscussedarereallyinspirationalintheircommitmenttotheirchildren." ProfessorBarbaraT.BowmanoneofthefacultyfoundersofChicago’sEriksonInstituteanindependentinstitutionofhighereducationthatprepareschilddevelopmentprofessionalsforleader-shipsaysthatBlackchildrenmustlearnintwodifferentcultures-theAfrican-Americancultureinwhichtheyliveandthemainstreamcultureonwhichschoolandeducationarebased. Bowmanalsosaystherelationshipbetweenchildrenandtheirparentsiscritical."Itistheearlyresponsivenessofthecaregivertotheinfant’sbehaviorthatcreatesasenseofwell-beingandoptimismthataffectsthechild’sinterestinlearning"saysBowmanwhoservedaspresidentoftheinstitutefrom1994tolastyear."Childrenwholikeandwanttopleasetheadultlearnbetterwhattheadultwantsthemtolearn." InthisdayofhighlycompetitivetestingandthestressofgettinghighSATorACTscoresit’simportantalsotoavoidpressuringoroverexposingyourchild.Yoursonordaughterisprobablyalreadyfacingstressatschoolandontheplayground.Yourroleistohelphimorherrelieveandmanagethatstress.Helpthemtounderstandthatlifedoesnotendorbeginwithatest.Andwhileacademicsuccessisimportantit’salsoimportanttokeepeverythinginperspective.Failureisarelativeterminthegrandschemeofthings.Ifyourchilddidpoorlyonatestbutansweredaparticularlytoughquestioncorrectlystressthepositive.Ontheotherhandifschoolworkcomestooeasilytoyourchildfindotherwaystochallengehimorhersotheyunderstandthatlifewon’talwaysbethatway. Accordingtotheauthortheparentsofhighachieversareusually
Thereisvirtuallynolimittohowonecanservecommunityinterestsfromspendingafewhoursaweekwithsomecharitableorganizationtopracticallyfull-timeworkforasocialagency.Justasthereareopportunitiesforvoluntaryservice1VSOforyoungpeoplebeforetheytakeupfull-timeemployment2thereareopportunitiesforoverseasservicefor3techniciansindevelopingcountries.Somepeople4thosewhoretireearly5theirtechnicalandbusinessskillsincountries6thereisaspecialneed. Soinconsideringvoluntaryor7communityservicetherearemoreopportunitiesthanthere8werewhenonefirstbeganwork.Mostvoluntaryorganizationshaveonlyasmallfull-time 9anddependverymuchonvolunteersandpart-timers.Thismeansthatworkingrelationshipsaredifferentfromthoseincommercialorganizationsandvaluesmaybedifferent.10somewaystheymayseemmorecasualandlessefficientbutoneshouldnot11thembycommercialcriteria.Thepeoplewhoworkwiththemdosofordifferentreasonsandwithdifferent12bothpersonaland13.Oneshouldnotjointhem14toarmthemwithprofessionalexperience;theymustbejoinedwithcommitmenttothe15notbusinessefficiency.Becausesalariesare16ornon-existentmanyvoluntarybodiesoffermodestexpense.Butmanyretiredpeopletakepartincommunityservicefor17simplybecausetheyenjoythework. Manycommunityactivitiespossible18retirementwerealsopossibleduringone’sworkinglifebuttheyaretobeundertaken19seriouslyforthat.Retiredpeoplewhoarejustlookingforsomethingdifferentorunusualtodoshouldnotconsider20communityservice. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.11
Thereisvirtuallynolimittohowonecanservecommunityinterestsfromspendingafewhoursaweekwithsomecharitableorganizationtopracticallyfull-timeworkforasocialagency.Justasthereareopportunitiesforvoluntaryservice1VSOforyoungpeoplebeforetheytakeupfull-timeemployment2thereareopportunitiesforoverseasservicefor3techniciansindevelopingcountries.Somepeople4thosewhoretireearly5theirtechnicalandbusinessskillsincountries6thereisaspecialneed. Soinconsideringvoluntaryor7communityservicetherearemoreopportunitiesthanthere8werewhenonefirstbeganwork.Mostvoluntaryorganizationshaveonlyasmallfull-time 9anddependverymuchonvolunteersandpart-timers.Thismeansthatworkingrelationshipsaredifferentfromthoseincommercialorganizationsandvaluesmaybedifferent.10somewaystheymayseemmorecasualandlessefficientbutoneshouldnot11thembycommercialcriteria.Thepeoplewhoworkwiththemdosofordifferentreasonsandwithdifferent12bothpersonaland13.Oneshouldnotjointhem14toarmthemwithprofessionalexperience;theymustbejoinedwithcommitmenttothe15notbusinessefficiency.Becausesalariesare16ornon-existentmanyvoluntarybodiesoffermodestexpense.Butmanyretiredpeopletakepartincommunityservicefor17simplybecausetheyenjoythework. Manycommunityactivitiespossible18retirementwerealsopossibleduringone’sworkinglifebuttheyaretobeundertaken19seriouslyforthat.Retiredpeoplewhoarejustlookingforsomethingdifferentorunusualtodoshouldnotconsider20communityservice. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.15
Thereisvirtuallynolimittohowonecanservecommunityinterestsfromspendingafewhoursaweekwithsomecharitableorganizationtopracticallyfull-timeworkforasocialagency.Justasthereareopportunitiesforvoluntaryservice1VSOforyoungpeoplebeforetheytakeupfull-timeemployment2thereareopportunitiesforoverseasservicefor3techniciansindevelopingcountries.Somepeople4thosewhoretireearly5theirtechnicalandbusinessskillsincountries6thereisaspecialneed. Soinconsideringvoluntaryor7communityservicetherearemoreopportunitiesthanthere8werewhenonefirstbeganwork.Mostvoluntaryorganizationshaveonlyasmallfull-time 9anddependverymuchonvolunteersandpart-timers.Thismeansthatworkingrelationshipsaredifferentfromthoseincommercialorganizationsandvaluesmaybedifferent.10somewaystheymayseemmorecasualandlessefficientbutoneshouldnot11thembycommercialcriteria.Thepeoplewhoworkwiththemdosofordifferentreasonsandwithdifferent12bothpersonaland13.Oneshouldnotjointhem14toarmthemwithprofessionalexperience;theymustbejoinedwithcommitmenttothe15notbusinessefficiency.Becausesalariesare16ornon-existentmanyvoluntarybodiesoffermodestexpense.Butmanyretiredpeopletakepartincommunityservicefor17simplybecausetheyenjoythework. Manycommunityactivitiespossible18retirementwerealsopossibleduringone’sworkinglifebuttheyaretobeundertaken19seriouslyforthat.Retiredpeoplewhoarejustlookingforsomethingdifferentorunusualtodoshouldnotconsider20communityservice. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.9
Directions: ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyonANSWERSHEET2. Internetisavastnetworkofcomputersthatconnectsmanyoftheworld’sbusinessesinstitutionsandindividuals.46TheInternetwhichmeansinterconnectednetworkofnetworkslinkstensofthousandsofsmallercomputernetworks.Thesenetworkstransmithugeamountsofinformationintheformofwordsimagesandsounds. TheInternethasinformationoneverytopic.47Networkuserscansearchthroughsourcesrangingfromvastdatabasestosmallelectronic"bulletinboards"whereusersformdiscussiongroupsaroundcommoninterests.MuchoftheInternet’strafficconsistsofmessagessentfromonecomputerusertoanother.Thesemessagesarecalledelectronicmailore-mail.Internetusershaveelectronicaddressesthatallowthemtosendandreceivee-mail.Otherusesofthenetworkincludeobtainingnewsjoiningelectronicdebatesandplayingelectronicgames.48OnefeatureoftheInternetknownastheWorldWideWebprovidesgraphicsaudioandvideotoenhancetheinformationinitsdocuments.Thesedocumentscoveravastnumberoftopics. PeopleusuallyaccesstheInternetwithadevicecalledamodem.Modemsconnectcomputerstothenetworkthroughtelephonelines.MuchoftheInternetoperatesthroughworldwidetelephonenetworksoffiber-opticcables49Thesecablescontainhair-thinstrandsofglassthatcarrydataaspulsesoflight.Theycantransmitthousandsoftimesmoredatathanlocalphonelinesmostofwhichconsistofcopperwires. Inthefuturetheinternetwillprobablygrowmoresophisticatedascomputertechnologybecomesmorepowerful.50ManyexpertsbelievetheInternetmaybecomepartofalargernetworkcalledtheinformationsuperhighway.Thisnetworkstillunderdevelopmentwouldlinkcomputerswithtelephonecompaniescabletelevisionstationsandothercommunicationsystems.PeoplecouldbankshopwatchTVandperformmanyotheractivitiesthroughthenetwork. Networkuserscansearchthroughsourcesrangingfromvastdatabasestosmallelectronicbulletinboardswhereusersformdiscussiongroupsaroundcommoninterests
It’snevertooearlyortoolateforaparenttobecomeateacher.Inthisageofteacheraccountabilityendlessschooltestingincreasedpressureandcompetitionandtheproliferationof"educational"toystoomanypeopleforgetthatsuccessbeginsathome. FreemanA.HrabowskiⅢpresidentoftheUniversityofMarylandBaltimoreCountyandco-authorofBeatingtheOdds:RaisingAcademicallySuccessfulAfricanAmericanMalesandOvercomingtheOdds:RaisingAcademicallySuccessfulAfricanAmericanYoungWomensaysthatintheinterviewsheandhisco-authorsconductedtheoverwhelmingfactorintheirchildren’sacademicachievementwasthatparentsinspiredandenvisionedtheirchildren’ssuccess.Theythoughtandtalkedaboutwhatwouldberequiredtohavea.successfulchild. "Itjustmakessuchadifferencewhenthere’ssomeoneinthathouseworkingtorelatetothatchildandinspirethatchild"Hrabowskisays."Theseparentsofthehighachieversdiscussedarereallyinspirationalintheircommitmenttotheirchildren." ProfessorBarbaraT.BowmanoneofthefacultyfoundersofChicago’sEriksonInstituteanindependentinstitutionofhighereducationthatprepareschilddevelopmentprofessionalsforleader-shipsaysthatBlackchildrenmustlearnintwodifferentcultures-theAfrican-Americancultureinwhichtheyliveandthemainstreamcultureonwhichschoolandeducationarebased. Bowmanalsosaystherelationshipbetweenchildrenandtheirparentsiscritical."Itistheearlyresponsivenessofthecaregivertotheinfant’sbehaviorthatcreatesasenseofwell-beingandoptimismthataffectsthechild’sinterestinlearning"saysBowmanwhoservedaspresidentoftheinstitutefrom1994tolastyear."Childrenwholikeandwanttopleasetheadultlearnbetterwhattheadultwantsthemtolearn." InthisdayofhighlycompetitivetestingandthestressofgettinghighSATorACTscoresit’simportantalsotoavoidpressuringoroverexposingyourchild.Yoursonordaughterisprobablyalreadyfacingstressatschoolandontheplayground.Yourroleistohelphimorherrelieveandmanagethatstress.Helpthemtounderstandthatlifedoesnotendorbeginwithatest.Andwhileacademicsuccessisimportantit’salsoimportanttokeepeverythinginperspective.Failureisarelativeterminthegrandschemeofthings.Ifyourchilddidpoorlyonatestbutansweredaparticularlytoughquestioncorrectlystressthepositive.Ontheotherhandifschoolworkcomestooeasilytoyourchildfindotherwaystochallengehimorhersotheyunderstandthatlifewon’talwaysbethatway. Whichoneofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage
Thereisvirtuallynolimittohowonecanservecommunityinterestsfromspendingafewhoursaweekwithsomecharitableorganizationtopracticallyfull-timeworkforasocialagency.Justasthereareopportunitiesforvoluntaryservice1VSOforyoungpeoplebeforetheytakeupfull-timeemployment2thereareopportunitiesforoverseasservicefor3techniciansindevelopingcountries.Somepeople4thosewhoretireearly5theirtechnicalandbusinessskillsincountries6thereisaspecialneed. Soinconsideringvoluntaryor7communityservicetherearemoreopportunitiesthanthere8werewhenonefirstbeganwork.Mostvoluntaryorganizationshaveonlyasmallfull-time 9anddependverymuchonvolunteersandpart-timers.Thismeansthatworkingrelationshipsaredifferentfromthoseincommercialorganizationsandvaluesmaybedifferent.10somewaystheymayseemmorecasualandlessefficientbutoneshouldnot11thembycommercialcriteria.Thepeoplewhoworkwiththemdosofordifferentreasonsandwithdifferent12bothpersonaland13.Oneshouldnotjointhem14toarmthemwithprofessionalexperience;theymustbejoinedwithcommitmenttothe15notbusinessefficiency.Becausesalariesare16ornon-existentmanyvoluntarybodiesoffermodestexpense.Butmanyretiredpeopletakepartincommunityservicefor17simplybecausetheyenjoythework. Manycommunityactivitiespossible18retirementwerealsopossibleduringone’sworkinglifebuttheyaretobeundertaken19seriouslyforthat.Retiredpeoplewhoarejustlookingforsomethingdifferentorunusualtodoshouldnotconsider20communityservice. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.19
It’snevertooearlyortoolateforaparenttobecomeateacher.Inthisageofteacheraccountabilityendlessschooltestingincreasedpressureandcompetitionandtheproliferationof"educational"toystoomanypeopleforgetthatsuccessbeginsathome. FreemanA.HrabowskiⅢpresidentoftheUniversityofMarylandBaltimoreCountyandco-authorofBeatingtheOdds:RaisingAcademicallySuccessfulAfricanAmericanMalesandOvercomingtheOdds:RaisingAcademicallySuccessfulAfricanAmericanYoungWomensaysthatintheinterviewsheandhisco-authorsconductedtheoverwhelmingfactorintheirchildren’sacademicachievementwasthatparentsinspiredandenvisionedtheirchildren’ssuccess.Theythoughtandtalkedaboutwhatwouldberequiredtohavea.successfulchild. "Itjustmakessuchadifferencewhenthere’ssomeoneinthathouseworkingtorelatetothatchildandinspirethatchild"Hrabowskisays."Theseparentsofthehighachieversdiscussedarereallyinspirationalintheircommitmenttotheirchildren." ProfessorBarbaraT.BowmanoneofthefacultyfoundersofChicago’sEriksonInstituteanindependentinstitutionofhighereducationthatprepareschilddevelopmentprofessionalsforleader-shipsaysthatBlackchildrenmustlearnintwodifferentcultures-theAfrican-Americancultureinwhichtheyliveandthemainstreamcultureonwhichschoolandeducationarebased. Bowmanalsosaystherelationshipbetweenchildrenandtheirparentsiscritical."Itistheearlyresponsivenessofthecaregivertotheinfant’sbehaviorthatcreatesasenseofwell-beingandoptimismthataffectsthechild’sinterestinlearning"saysBowmanwhoservedaspresidentoftheinstitutefrom1994tolastyear."Childrenwholikeandwanttopleasetheadultlearnbetterwhattheadultwantsthemtolearn." InthisdayofhighlycompetitivetestingandthestressofgettinghighSATorACTscoresit’simportantalsotoavoidpressuringoroverexposingyourchild.Yoursonordaughterisprobablyalreadyfacingstressatschoolandontheplayground.Yourroleistohelphimorherrelieveandmanagethatstress.Helpthemtounderstandthatlifedoesnotendorbeginwithatest.Andwhileacademicsuccessisimportantit’salsoimportanttokeepeverythinginperspective.Failureisarelativeterminthegrandschemeofthings.Ifyourchilddidpoorlyonatestbutansweredaparticularlytoughquestioncorrectlystressthepositive.Ontheotherhandifschoolworkcomestooeasilytoyourchildfindotherwaystochallengehimorhersotheyunderstandthatlifewon’talwaysbethatway. Whetherachildisinterestedinlearningdependson
Directions: ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyonANSWERSHEET2. Internetisavastnetworkofcomputersthatconnectsmanyoftheworld’sbusinessesinstitutionsandindividuals.46TheInternetwhichmeansinterconnectednetworkofnetworkslinkstensofthousandsofsmallercomputernetworks.Thesenetworkstransmithugeamountsofinformationintheformofwordsimagesandsounds. TheInternethasinformationoneverytopic.47Networkuserscansearchthroughsourcesrangingfromvastdatabasestosmallelectronic"bulletinboards"whereusersformdiscussiongroupsaroundcommoninterests.MuchoftheInternet’strafficconsistsofmessagessentfromonecomputerusertoanother.Thesemessagesarecalledelectronicmailore-mail.Internetusershaveelectronicaddressesthatallowthemtosendandreceivee-mail.Otherusesofthenetworkincludeobtainingnewsjoiningelectronicdebatesandplayingelectronicgames.48OnefeatureoftheInternetknownastheWorldWideWebprovidesgraphicsaudioandvideotoenhancetheinformationinitsdocuments.Thesedocumentscoveravastnumberoftopics. PeopleusuallyaccesstheInternetwithadevicecalledamodem.Modemsconnectcomputerstothenetworkthroughtelephonelines.MuchoftheInternetoperatesthroughworldwidetelephonenetworksoffiber-opticcables49Thesecablescontainhair-thinstrandsofglassthatcarrydataaspulsesoflight.Theycantransmitthousandsoftimesmoredatathanlocalphonelinesmostofwhichconsistofcopperwires. Inthefuturetheinternetwillprobablygrowmoresophisticatedascomputertechnologybecomesmorepowerful.50ManyexpertsbelievetheInternetmaybecomepartofalargernetworkcalledtheinformationsuperhighway.Thisnetworkstillunderdevelopmentwouldlinkcomputerswithtelephonecompaniescabletelevisionstationsandothercommunicationsystems.PeoplecouldbankshopwatchTVandperformmanyotheractivitiesthroughthenetwork. Thesecablescontainhair-thinstrandsofglassthatcarrydataaspulsesoflight.Theycantransmitthousandsoftimesmoredatathanlocalphonelinesmostofwhichconsistofcopperwires
Directions: Inthefollowingarticlesomesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Therearetwoextrachoiceswhichdonotfitinanyoftheblanks.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1. Thevolcanointhecornfieldgrewuntilitwasbiggerthanthecornfield!41______PeoplecalledthevolcanotheLittleMonsterbecauseitgrewsofast.Scientistscamefromallovertheworldtostudyitandwatchitgrow.Itisnotoftenthatpeoplegetachancetowatchavolcanofromtheverybeginning. Mostofthevolcanoeshavebeenhereforaverylongtime.Somehavebeenheresolongthatnowtheyarecold.Theyarecalleddeadvolcanoes.Theyhavestoppedthrowingoutfireandmeltedrockandsmoke.Itissafetowalkonthem.Farmsareplowedonthequietslopesandpeoplehavebuilthousesthere. Somevolcanoeshavestoppedthrowingouthotrockbuttheystillsmokealittlenowandthen.Theyare"sleeping"volcanoes.Sometimetheymay"wakeup". 42______. Todayvolcanoesarenotsodangerousforpeopleastheywerealongtimeago.Nowweknowmoreaboutwhyvolcanoesdowhattheydoandwecanusuallytellwhentheyaregoingtodoit.43______. Peopleusedtothinkdragonsundertheearthcausedvolcanoes.Theysaidthesmokethatpuffedabovethegroundwasthedragon’sbreath.Theysaidtheearthquakeswerecausedbythedragon’smovingarounddownintheearth.Nowweknowthatthisisnottrue. Anotherthingweknowaboutvolcanoesisthattheydon’thappenjustanywhere.44______.Scientistsknowwheretheseplacesareandmapshavebeenmadetoleteverybodyknow. Therearedifferentkindsofvolcanoes.Someexplodesoviolentlythattherockgoeshighintotheairandfallsmilesaway.Avolcanomayshootoutashessohighthattheyfloatallthewayaroundtheworld.Theyhavemadethesunsetsgreenandthesnowpurple. 45______. Oneverytallvolcanostaysfieryredatthetopallthetime.Itisluckythatthevolcanoisneartheocean.Sailorscanuseitforalighthouse. [A]Othervolcanoesaremoregentle.Thehotlavarisesintheirconesandoverflowsrollingslowlydownthemountainsidewhereitbecomescoolandhard. [B]Blacksmokepuffedout.Hotashesfelllikeblacksnowflakes.Hotrockandfireandlavashotout. [C]Smokepuffedupandrockstartedpoppingupoutofacrackthatopenedintheground. [D]AvolcanonamedVesuviussleptforathousandyears.Butitwokeupandthrewoutsomuchhotmeltedrockthatitburiedthebuildingsoftwocities. [E]Beforeasleepingvolcanowakesupitusuallymakesanoiselikefarawaythunderandthegroundshakesinsmallearthquakes.Peoplearewarnedandhavetimetogetawaysafely. [F]Avolcanostartsfromaholeinthegroundfromwhichhotrockandsmokeandsteamcomeout.Farfarunderthegrounditissohotthatrockmelts.Thishotmeltedrockorlavaissome-timespushedoutoftheearththroughaholeoracrackintheground.Thesteaminsidetheearthpushestherockout. [G]Therearecertainplacesundertheearthwheretherockisbrokeninawaythatletsthesteamandhotrockescapetotheoutsidemoreeasily. 43
Anattempttowardstherectificationoftherotthathassetinthesocialandnationallifeofthecountryisbeingmadewithgreatenthusiasmthroughjudicialactivism.Howeverjudicialactivismalonedoesnotsufficefortherectificationofthisall-pervadingmalaise.Whatisurgentlyneededisthesupportofothersocialagencies/institutions.Averyimportantroleinthismattercanbeplayedbymediaactivismthetopicunderdiscussiontoday. Itisundoubtedlytruethatthepositionofmediaorjournalismisnotthatofamissionbutofacommercialindustry.Thetruthofthematterhoweveristhatourpresentjournalismisusedtopresentingonlyhalfsideofthepicture.Thisistherootcauseofallourproblems.Inviewofthepresentcircumstancesmediaactivismwouldamounttopresentabalancedreportingofthesituationabandoningthepresentpolicyofselectivereporting. Theprincipleofmodernjournalismcanbeunderstoodfromthissaying:"Whenadogbitesamanitisnonewsbutwhenamanbitesadogitisnews".OnepracticalexampleofthismethodisprovidedbyourpresentjournalismwhichisconstantlyengagedingivingmaximumcoveragetoanyhotnewscreatedbyanunrulysectionofMuslims.Ifthepercentageofhotnewsformsonlyonepercentthepercentageofsoftnewsisnotlessthan99percent.Butthereadersofthenewspapersaretotallyinthedarkaboutthis99percentofthepicturewhereastheonepercentisbeingrepeated.SimilarlyifanextremistHinducreateshotnewsthiswillfindaplaceinallthenewspapersthenextday.WhereasevenintheHinduworldthereis99percentsoftnewswhilehotnewsformsnotmorethanonepercent. Asaresultofthisonesidedstudyunrealopinionisformedbyboththecommunitiesregardingoneanother.Takingextremeformsthisunrealopinionattimesturnsintocommunalriots.Theselectivereportingofthisnatureremainsapermanentobstacletothepathofnationalintegration. Fortherectificationofthisstateofaffairsapowerfuljournalistsorganization-aswealreadyhaveformedforourrights-basedontheprinciplesofsocialresponsibilitiesisrequired.MediaRelationsForumisanorganizationwhichaimsatworkingforthisgoal. AlongwiththisIshouldliketoputforwardaproposalforbringingaboutanatmosphereofsupportandcooperationbetweenthenewspapersandsocialworkers.Wheneverarumorspreadsoragroupindulgesinanyactivitywhichmayleadtodisruptingpeacesocialworkersshouldimmediatelyengagethemselvesinathoroughinvestigationofthematterandthenthroughthefullsupportofthenewspaperstheactualversionispublishedinthenewspapers.Thisistheonlywaytomaintainpeaceandharmonyincommunities. ThewordmalaiseLine3Paragraph1mostprobablymeans
Thereisvirtuallynolimittohowonecanservecommunityinterestsfromspendingafewhoursaweekwithsomecharitableorganizationtopracticallyfull-timeworkforasocialagency.Justasthereareopportunitiesforvoluntaryservice1VSOforyoungpeoplebeforetheytakeupfull-timeemployment2thereareopportunitiesforoverseasservicefor3techniciansindevelopingcountries.Somepeople4thosewhoretireearly5theirtechnicalandbusinessskillsincountries6thereisaspecialneed. Soinconsideringvoluntaryor7communityservicetherearemoreopportunitiesthanthere8werewhenonefirstbeganwork.Mostvoluntaryorganizationshaveonlyasmallfull-time 9anddependverymuchonvolunteersandpart-timers.Thismeansthatworkingrelationshipsaredifferentfromthoseincommercialorganizationsandvaluesmaybedifferent.10somewaystheymayseemmorecasualandlessefficientbutoneshouldnot11thembycommercialcriteria.Thepeoplewhoworkwiththemdosofordifferentreasonsandwithdifferent12bothpersonaland13.Oneshouldnotjointhem14toarmthemwithprofessionalexperience;theymustbejoinedwithcommitmenttothe15notbusinessefficiency.Becausesalariesare16ornon-existentmanyvoluntarybodiesoffermodestexpense.Butmanyretiredpeopletakepartincommunityservicefor17simplybecausetheyenjoythework. Manycommunityactivitiespossible18retirementwerealsopossibleduringone’sworkinglifebuttheyaretobeundertaken19seriouslyforthat.Retiredpeoplewhoarejustlookingforsomethingdifferentorunusualtodoshouldnotconsider20communityservice. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.13
LastyearonegroupofstudentsinTaiwandidjustthat.Theytookchances-andendedupinjail.Morethan20studentspaidacramschoolownertohelpthemcheatonTaiwan’sentranceexamaccordingtopolice.Thestudentsreceivedanswerstotestquestionsthroughcellphonesandotherelectronicdevices.Taiwanisn’ttheonlyplaceinAsiatoseemajorcheatingscandals.InbothIndiaandSouthKoreacollegeentranceexamshavebeenstolenandsoldtostudents. Academiccheatinghasrisendramaticallyoverthelastdecade.DukeUniversityconductedasurveyof50000universityand18000highschoolstudentsinAmerica.Morethan70percentofthestudentsadmittedcheating.Just10yearsearlieronly56percentsaidtheyhadcheated.ThistrendextendsfarbeyondtheU.S.too.InAsiawherestudentsfaceintensepressuretoexcelthecheatingproblemisespeciallypronounced.InmanyAsiancountriesastudent’sperformanceismeasuredmostlybyexamscores.Andadmissiontoatopschooldependsonacingstandardizedtests.Thistest-drivenculturemakescheatinganeasywayforstudentstogetaheadinasuper-competitiveacademicsystem. Butthepressuretoperformwellontestsisn’ttheonlythingturningstudentsintocheaters.Foronenewtechnologymakescheatingeasierthanever.Studentsnowhavemoresophisticatedoptionsthanjust"cheatsheets"hiddeninpencilboxes.Today’stech-smartstudentsusetext-messagingtodiscreetlysendeachothertestanswers.Theypostquestionsfromstandardizedtestsoninternetbulletinboards.StudentsinAsiaforexamplehavepostedquestionsfromtheTestofEnglishasaForeignLanguageTOEFLandtheGraduateRecordExamGRE. Deeperissuesthantechnologyandtestinghowevermaybeleadingtotheriseinacademicdishonesty.Bothstudentsandeducatorssaythatsocietyofferstoomanynegativerolemodels.Businesspeoplemakemillionsandscientistseamintemationalacclaimbycheatingandlying.ThecaseofKoreanscientistHwangWooSukoffersonepowerfulexample.Hefakedtheresultsofhisstemcellresearchandbecameanationalhero.Frommanysectorsofsocietythemessagetostudentsisloudandclear:Cheatingisaneasywaytogetahead. VictoriaLinahighschoolteacherinTaichungsayseducatorsmustbegintostressintegrityaswellasachievementinacademics.That’swhatshetriestoinstillinherstudents."Ialwaystellmystudents’Howmuchisyourcharacterworth100points90points’"JerryChangastudentatTaiwan’sOrientalInstituteofTechnologyalsohaswordsofadviceforclassmatesheseescheating."Whenyoucheatonexamsyouonlycheatyourself"hesays"becauseyouwon’tknowhowmuchyou’vereallylearned." Whatdoesthewordacingmostprobablymean
Directions: Inthefollowingarticlesomesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Therearetwoextrachoiceswhichdonotfitinanyoftheblanks.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1. Thevolcanointhecornfieldgrewuntilitwasbiggerthanthecornfield!41______PeoplecalledthevolcanotheLittleMonsterbecauseitgrewsofast.Scientistscamefromallovertheworldtostudyitandwatchitgrow.Itisnotoftenthatpeoplegetachancetowatchavolcanofromtheverybeginning. Mostofthevolcanoeshavebeenhereforaverylongtime.Somehavebeenheresolongthatnowtheyarecold.Theyarecalleddeadvolcanoes.Theyhavestoppedthrowingoutfireandmeltedrockandsmoke.Itissafetowalkonthem.Farmsareplowedonthequietslopesandpeoplehavebuilthousesthere. Somevolcanoeshavestoppedthrowingouthotrockbuttheystillsmokealittlenowandthen.Theyare"sleeping"volcanoes.Sometimetheymay"wakeup". 42______. Todayvolcanoesarenotsodangerousforpeopleastheywerealongtimeago.Nowweknowmoreaboutwhyvolcanoesdowhattheydoandwecanusuallytellwhentheyaregoingtodoit.43______. Peopleusedtothinkdragonsundertheearthcausedvolcanoes.Theysaidthesmokethatpuffedabovethegroundwasthedragon’sbreath.Theysaidtheearthquakeswerecausedbythedragon’smovingarounddownintheearth.Nowweknowthatthisisnottrue. Anotherthingweknowaboutvolcanoesisthattheydon’thappenjustanywhere.44______.Scientistsknowwheretheseplacesareandmapshavebeenmadetoleteverybodyknow. Therearedifferentkindsofvolcanoes.Someexplodesoviolentlythattherockgoeshighintotheairandfallsmilesaway.Avolcanomayshootoutashessohighthattheyfloatallthewayaroundtheworld.Theyhavemadethesunsetsgreenandthesnowpurple. 45______. Oneverytallvolcanostaysfieryredatthetopallthetime.Itisluckythatthevolcanoisneartheocean.Sailorscanuseitforalighthouse. [A]Othervolcanoesaremoregentle.Thehotlavarisesintheirconesandoverflowsrollingslowlydownthemountainsidewhereitbecomescoolandhard. [B]Blacksmokepuffedout.Hotashesfelllikeblacksnowflakes.Hotrockandfireandlavashotout. [C]Smokepuffedupandrockstartedpoppingupoutofacrackthatopenedintheground. [D]AvolcanonamedVesuviussleptforathousandyears.Butitwokeupandthrewoutsomuchhotmeltedrockthatitburiedthebuildingsoftwocities. [E]Beforeasleepingvolcanowakesupitusuallymakesanoiselikefarawaythunderandthegroundshakesinsmallearthquakes.Peoplearewarnedandhavetimetogetawaysafely. [F]Avolcanostartsfromaholeinthegroundfromwhichhotrockandsmokeandsteamcomeout.Farfarunderthegrounditissohotthatrockmelts.Thishotmeltedrockorlavaissome-timespushedoutoftheearththroughaholeoracrackintheground.Thesteaminsidetheearthpushestherockout. [G]Therearecertainplacesundertheearthwheretherockisbrokeninawaythatletsthesteamandhotrockescapetotheoutsidemoreeasily. 41
Directions: Inthefollowingarticlesomesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Therearetwoextrachoiceswhichdonotfitinanyoftheblanks.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1. Thevolcanointhecornfieldgrewuntilitwasbiggerthanthecornfield!41______PeoplecalledthevolcanotheLittleMonsterbecauseitgrewsofast.Scientistscamefromallovertheworldtostudyitandwatchitgrow.Itisnotoftenthatpeoplegetachancetowatchavolcanofromtheverybeginning. Mostofthevolcanoeshavebeenhereforaverylongtime.Somehavebeenheresolongthatnowtheyarecold.Theyarecalleddeadvolcanoes.Theyhavestoppedthrowingoutfireandmeltedrockandsmoke.Itissafetowalkonthem.Farmsareplowedonthequietslopesandpeoplehavebuilthousesthere. Somevolcanoeshavestoppedthrowingouthotrockbuttheystillsmokealittlenowandthen.Theyare"sleeping"volcanoes.Sometimetheymay"wakeup". 42______. Todayvolcanoesarenotsodangerousforpeopleastheywerealongtimeago.Nowweknowmoreaboutwhyvolcanoesdowhattheydoandwecanusuallytellwhentheyaregoingtodoit.43______. Peopleusedtothinkdragonsundertheearthcausedvolcanoes.Theysaidthesmokethatpuffedabovethegroundwasthedragon’sbreath.Theysaidtheearthquakeswerecausedbythedragon’smovingarounddownintheearth.Nowweknowthatthisisnottrue. Anotherthingweknowaboutvolcanoesisthattheydon’thappenjustanywhere.44______.Scientistsknowwheretheseplacesareandmapshavebeenmadetoleteverybodyknow. Therearedifferentkindsofvolcanoes.Someexplodesoviolentlythattherockgoeshighintotheairandfallsmilesaway.Avolcanomayshootoutashessohighthattheyfloatallthewayaroundtheworld.Theyhavemadethesunsetsgreenandthesnowpurple. 45______. Oneverytallvolcanostaysfieryredatthetopallthetime.Itisluckythatthevolcanoisneartheocean.Sailorscanuseitforalighthouse. [A]Othervolcanoesaremoregentle.Thehotlavarisesintheirconesandoverflowsrollingslowlydownthemountainsidewhereitbecomescoolandhard. [B]Blacksmokepuffedout.Hotashesfelllikeblacksnowflakes.Hotrockandfireandlavashotout. [C]Smokepuffedupandrockstartedpoppingupoutofacrackthatopenedintheground. [D]AvolcanonamedVesuviussleptforathousandyears.Butitwokeupandthrewoutsomuchhotmeltedrockthatitburiedthebuildingsoftwocities. [E]Beforeasleepingvolcanowakesupitusuallymakesanoiselikefarawaythunderandthegroundshakesinsmallearthquakes.Peoplearewarnedandhavetimetogetawaysafely. [F]Avolcanostartsfromaholeinthegroundfromwhichhotrockandsmokeandsteamcomeout.Farfarunderthegrounditissohotthatrockmelts.Thishotmeltedrockorlavaissome-timespushedoutoftheearththroughaholeoracrackintheground.Thesteaminsidetheearthpushestherockout. [G]Therearecertainplacesundertheearthwheretherockisbrokeninawaythatletsthesteamandhotrockescapetotheoutsidemoreeasily. 45
Directions: Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1. Thereisvirtuallynolimittohowonecanservecommunityinterestsfromspendingafewhoursaweekwithsomecharitableorganizationtopracticallyfull-timeworkforasocialagency.Justasthereareopportunitiesforvoluntaryservice1VSOforyoungpeoplebeforetheytakeupfull-timeemployment2thereareopportunitiesforoverseasservicefor3techniciansindevelopingcountries.Somepeople4thosewhoretireearly5theirtechnicalandbusinessskillsincountries6thereisaspecialneed. Soinconsideringvoluntaryor7communityservicetherearemoreopportunitiesthanthere8werewhenonefirstbeganwork.Mostvoluntaryorganizationshaveonlyasmallfull-time 9anddependverymuchonvolunteersandpart-timers.Thismeansthatworkingrelationshipsaredifferentfromthoseincommercialorganizationsandvaluesmaybedifferent.10somewaystheymayseemmorecasualandlessefficientbutoneshouldnot11thembycommercialcriteria.Thepeoplewhoworkwiththemdosofordifferentreasonsandwithdifferent12bothpersonaland13.Oneshouldnotjointhem14toarmthemwithprofessionalexperience;theymustbejoinedwithcommitmenttothe15notbusinessefficiency.Becausesalariesare16ornon-existentmanyvoluntarybodiesoffermodestexpense.Butmanyretiredpeopletakepartincommunityservicefor17simplybecausetheyenjoythework. Manycommunityactivitiespossible18retirementwerealsopossibleduringone’sworkinglifebuttheyaretobeundertaken19seriouslyforthat.Retiredpeoplewhoarejustlookingforsomethingdifferentorunusualtodoshouldnotconsider20communityservice. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.17
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