首页
试卷库
试题库
当前位置：
X题卡
>
所有题目
>
题目详情
Directions: Write a letter to invite a friend, Anna, to travel abroad with you. In the letter · te...
查看本题答案
包含此试题的试卷
国家统考科目《问答》真题及答案
点击查看
你可能感兴趣的试题
Directions:Supposeyouareacollegestudentandyouinten
Directions:Writealettertoyourcousinwhoisgoingtota
Directions:JackBlackmanagoodfriendofyoursisleaving
Directions: Afterbeinginvolvedinanaccidentyouwere
Directions:Youareinterestedinapositionofeditoroffe
Directions: WritealettertoMrTerryThompsonrecommen
Directions:Forsomereasonyoufailedtoansweryourfrien
Directions:Youareafreshmanandplanningtoapplyforaba
Directions:WritealettertoMrTerryThompsonrecommendi
Directions:Writealettertoyourcousinwhoisgoingtotak
Directions:Writealettertoyourcousinwhoisgoingtota
Directions:Youareafreshmanandplanningtoapplyforaba
Directions:Youjustcomebackfromyourholiday.Writeale
Directions:Youareinterestedinapositionofeditoroff
Directions: Writealettertoinquirewhetheryoumayboo
Directions:WritealettertoLiuXiangexpressingcongrat
Directions:WritealettertoLiuXiangexpressingcongrat
Directions:Youareinterestedinapositionofeditoroff
Directions: WritealettertoLiuXiangexpressingcongr
Directions:Youwereknockeddownbyataxitheotherday;ap
热门试题
更多
Demandforthemostcommoncosmeticsurgeryprocedureslikebreastenlargementsandnosejobshasincreasedbymorethan400percentoverthelastdecade.AccordingtoDr.DaiDaviesofthePlasticSurgeryPartnershipinHammersmiththemajorityofcosmeticsurgerypatientsarenotchasingphysicalperfection.Rathertheyaredriventofantasticlengthstoimprovetheirappearancebyadesiretolooknormal.Whatweallcraveistolooknormalandnormaliswhatisprescribedbytheadvertisingmediaandotherexternalpressures.Theygiveusaperceptionofwhatisphysicallyacceptableandwefeelwemustlooklikethat.InAmericathedebateisnolongeraboutwhethersurgeryisnormal;ratheritcentresonwhatagepeopleshouldbebeforegoingundertheknife.NewYorksurgeonDr.GerardImberrecommendsmaintenanceworkforpeopleintheirthirties.Theideaofwaitinguntiloneneedsaheroictransformationissillyhesays.Bythenyou’vewasted20greatyearsofyourlifeandallowedthingstogetoutofhand.Dr.Imberdrawsthelineatoperatingonpeoplewhoareunder18however.Itseemsthatsomeonewedon’tconsideroldenoughtoorderadrinkshouldn’tbeconsideringplasticsurgery.IntheUKcosmeticsurgeryhaslongbeenseenastheexclusivedomainoftheveryrichandfamous.Buttheproportionatecostoftreatmenthasfallensubstantiallybringingallbutthemostadvancedlasertechnologywithinthereachofmostpeople.Dr.Davieswhoclaimstocaterfortheaveragepersonagrees.Hesays:Itreatafewoftherichandfamousandanawfullotofsecretaries.Ofcourse￡3000foranoperationisalotofmoney.Butitisalsoallinvestmentforlifewhichcostsabouthalfthepriceofagoodfamilyholiday.Dr.Daviessuspectsthattheincreasingsophisticationofthefatinjectingandremovaltechniquesthatallowpatientstobetreatedwithalocalanaestheticinanafternoonhasalsohelpedpromotethepopularityofcosmeticsurgery.Yetasonewomanwhorecentlypaid￡2500forliposuctiontoremovecellulitefromherthighsadmittedtheslopetobecomingacosmeticsurgeryveteranisadeceptivelygentleone.Ihadmylegsdonebecausethey’dbeenbuggingmeforyears.Butgoingintotheclinicwassolowkeyandeffectiveitwhettedmyappetite.NowIdon’tthinkthere’sanyoperationthatIwouldruleouthavingifIcouldaffordit./Thetextismainlyabout______.
Whenacountryisunder-populatednewcomersarenotcompetitorsbutassistants.Ifmorecometheymayproducenotonlynewquotasbuta1aswell.Insuchastateofthingslandis2andcheap.Thepossessionofit3nopowerorprivilege.Noonewillworkforanotherforwages4hecantakeupnewlandandbehisownmaster.Henceitwillpaynoonetoownmorelandthanhecan5byhisownlabororwithsuchaidashisownfamily6.Henceagainland7littleornorent;therewillbenolandlordslivingonrentandnolaborerslivingon8butonlyamiddleclassofyeomanfarmers自耕农.Allare9onanequalityanddemocracybecomesthepoliticalformbecausethisistheonlystateofsocietyinwhichequalityonwhichdemocracyis10isrealizedasafact.Thesameeffectsarepowerfully11byotherfacts.Inanewandunder-populatedcountrytheindustrieswhicharemostprofitablearetheextractiveindustries.The12ofthesewiththeexceptionofsomekindsofminingisthattheycall13onlyaloworganizationoflaborandsmallamountofcapital.Hencetheyallowtheworkmantobecome14hisownmasterandtheyeducatehimtofreedomindependenceandself15.Atthesametimethesocialgroupsbeingonly16markedofffromeachotheritiseasyto17fromoneclassofoccupationsandconsequentlyfromonesocialgradetoanother.Finallyunderthesamecircumstanceseducationskillandsuperiortraininghavebutinferiorvaluecomparedwithwhattheyhavein18populatedcountries.The19lieinanunder-populatedcountrywiththe20unskilledmanualoccupationsandnotwiththehighestdevelopmentsofscienceliteratureandart. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.5
Exactlywherewewillstandinthelongwaragainstdiseasebytheyear2050isimpossibletosay.46Butifdevelopmentsinresearchmaintaintheircurrentpaceitseemslikelythatacombinationofimprovedattentiontodietaryandenvironmentalfactorsalongwithadvancesingenetherapyandproteintargeteddrugswillhavevirtuallyeliminatedmostmajorclassesofdisease. Fromaneconomicstandpointthebestnewsmaybethattheseaccomplishmentscouldbeaccompaniedbyadropinhealth-carecosts.47Costsmayevenfallasdiseasesarebroughtundercontrolusingpinpointedshorttermtherapiesnowbeingdeveloped.By2050therewillbefewerhospitalsandsurgicalprocedureswillbelargelyrestrictedtothetreatmentofaccidentsandotherformsoftrauma.Spendingonnonacutecarebothinnursingfacilitiesandinhomeswillalsofallsharplyasmoreelderlypeopleleadhealthylivesuntilclosetodeath. Oneresultofmedicine’ssuccessincontrollingdiseasewillbeadramaticincreaseinlifeexpectancy.48Theextentofthatincreaseisahighlyspeculativematterbutitisworththatmedicalsciencehasalreadyhelpedtomaketheveryoldcurrentlydefinedasthoseover85yearsofagethefastestgrowingsegmentofthepopulation.Between1960and1995theU.S.populationasawholeincreasedbyabout45%whilethesegmentover85yearsofagegrewbyalmost300%.49Therehasbeenasimilarexplosioninthepopulationofcentenarianswiththeresultthatsurvivaltotheageof100isnolongerthenewsworthyfeatthatitwasonlyafewdecadesago.U.S.CensusBureauprojectionsalreadyforecastdramaticincreaseinthenumberofcentenariansinthenext50years:4millionin2050comparedwith37000in1990. 50AlthoughCensusBureaucalculationsprojectanincreaseinaveragelifespanofonlyeightyeasbytheyear2050someexertsbelievethatthehumanlifespanshouldnotbegintoencounteranytheoreticalnaturallimitsbefore120years.Withcontinuingadvancesinmolecularmedicineandagrowingunderstandingoftheagingprocessthatlimitcouldriseto130yearsormore. Therehasbeenasimilarexplosioninthepopulationofcentenarianswiththeresultthatsurvivaltotheageof100isnolongerthenewsworthyfeatthatitwasonlyafewdecadesago.
Whenacountryisunder-populatednewcomersarenotcompetitorsbutassistants.Ifmorecometheymayproducenotonlynewquotasbuta1aswell.Insuchastateofthingslandis2andcheap.Thepossessionofit3nopowerorprivilege.Noonewillworkforanotherforwages4hecantakeupnewlandandbehisownmaster.Henceitwillpaynoonetoownmorelandthanhecan5byhisownlabororwithsuchaidashisownfamily6.Henceagainland7littleornorent;therewillbenolandlordslivingonrentandnolaborerslivingon8butonlyamiddleclassofyeomanfarmers自耕农.Allare9onanequalityanddemocracybecomesthepoliticalformbecausethisistheonlystateofsocietyinwhichequalityonwhichdemocracyis10isrealizedasafact.Thesameeffectsarepowerfully11byotherfacts.Inanewandunder-populatedcountrytheindustrieswhicharemostprofitablearetheextractiveindustries.The12ofthesewiththeexceptionofsomekindsofminingisthattheycall13onlyaloworganizationoflaborandsmallamountofcapital.Hencetheyallowtheworkmantobecome14hisownmasterandtheyeducatehimtofreedomindependenceandself15.Atthesametimethesocialgroupsbeingonly16markedofffromeachotheritiseasyto17fromoneclassofoccupationsandconsequentlyfromonesocialgradetoanother.Finallyunderthesamecircumstanceseducationskillandsuperiortraininghavebutinferiorvaluecomparedwithwhattheyhavein18populatedcountries.The19lieinanunder-populatedcountrywiththe20unskilledmanualoccupationsandnotwiththehighestdevelopmentsofscienceliteratureandart. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.17
Exactlywherewewillstandinthelongwaragainstdiseasebytheyear2050isimpossibletosay.46Butifdevelopmentsinresearchmaintaintheircurrentpaceitseemslikelythatacombinationofimprovedattentiontodietaryandenvironmentalfactorsalongwithadvancesingenetherapyandproteintargeteddrugswillhavevirtuallyeliminatedmostmajorclassesofdisease. Fromaneconomicstandpointthebestnewsmaybethattheseaccomplishmentscouldbeaccompaniedbyadropinhealth-carecosts.47Costsmayevenfallasdiseasesarebroughtundercontrolusingpinpointedshorttermtherapiesnowbeingdeveloped.By2050therewillbefewerhospitalsandsurgicalprocedureswillbelargelyrestrictedtothetreatmentofaccidentsandotherformsoftrauma.Spendingonnonacutecarebothinnursingfacilitiesandinhomeswillalsofallsharplyasmoreelderlypeopleleadhealthylivesuntilclosetodeath. Oneresultofmedicine’ssuccessincontrollingdiseasewillbeadramaticincreaseinlifeexpectancy.48Theextentofthatincreaseisahighlyspeculativematterbutitisworththatmedicalsciencehasalreadyhelpedtomaketheveryoldcurrentlydefinedasthoseover85yearsofagethefastestgrowingsegmentofthepopulation.Between1960and1995theU.S.populationasawholeincreasedbyabout45%whilethesegmentover85yearsofagegrewbyalmost300%.49Therehasbeenasimilarexplosioninthepopulationofcentenarianswiththeresultthatsurvivaltotheageof100isnolongerthenewsworthyfeatthatitwasonlyafewdecadesago.U.S.CensusBureauprojectionsalreadyforecastdramaticincreaseinthenumberofcentenariansinthenext50years:4millionin2050comparedwith37000in1990. 50AlthoughCensusBureaucalculationsprojectanincreaseinaveragelifespanofonlyeightyeasbytheyear2050someexertsbelievethatthehumanlifespanshouldnotbegintoencounteranytheoreticalnaturallimitsbefore120years.Withcontinuingadvancesinmolecularmedicineandagrowingunderstandingoftheagingprocessthatlimitcouldriseto130yearsormore. Costsmayevenfallasdiseasesarebroughtundercontrolusingpinpointedshorttermtherapiesnowbeingdeveloped.
Itishardtopredicthowscienceisgoingtoturnoutandifitisreallygoodscienceitisimpossibletopredict.Ifthethingstobefoundareactuallynewtheyarebydefinitionunknowninadvance.Youcannotmakechoicesinthismatter.46Youeitherhavescienceoryoudon’tandifyouhaveityouareobligedtoacceptthesurprisinganddisturbingpiecesofinformationalongwiththeneatandpromptlyusefulbits. TheonlysolidpieceofscientifictrothaboutwhichIfeeltotallyconfidentisthatweareprofoundlyignorantaboutnature.IndeedIregardthisasthemajordiscoveryofthepasthundredyearsofbiology.Itisinitswayanilluminatingpieceofnews.47Itwouldhaveamazedthebrightestmindsofthe18thcenturyEnlightenmenttobetoldbyanyofushowlittleweknowandhowbewilderingthewayaheadseems.48Itisthissuddenconfrontationwiththedepthandscopeofignorancethatrepresentsthemostsignificantcontributionofthe20thcenturysciencetothehumanintellect.Inearliertimesweeitherpretendedtounderstandhowthingsworkedorignoredtheproblemorsimplymadeupstoriestofillthegaps.Nowthatwehavebegunexploringinearnestwearegettingglimpsesofhowhugethequestionsareandhowfarfrombeinganswered.Becauseofthiswearedepressed.49Itisnotsobadbeingignorantifyouaretotallyignorant;thehardthingisknowinginsomedetailtherealityofignorancetheworstspotsandhereandtherethenot-so-badsportsbutnottruelightattheendofthetunnelnorevenanytunnelsthatcanyetbetrusted. Butwearemakingabeginningandthereoughttobesomesatisfaction.Thereareprobablynoquestionswecanthinkupthatcan’tbeansweredsoonerorlaterincludingeventhematterofconsciousness.50Tobesuretheremaywellbequestionswecan’tthinkupeverandthereforelimitstothereachofhumanintellectbutthatisanothermatter.Withinourlimitsweshouldbeabletoworkourwaythroughtoallouranswersifwekeepatitlongenoughandpayattention. Itisnotsobadbeingignorantifyouaretotallyignorant;thehardthingisknowinginsomedetailtherealityofignorancetheworstspotsandhereandtherethenot-so-badsportsbutnottruelightattheendofthetunnelnorevenanytunnelsthatcanyetbetrusted.
C.P.Snowoncesaid:"Asenseofthefutureisbehindallgoodpolicies.Unlesswehaveitwecangivenothingeitherwiseordecenttotheworld."Thinkingcarefullyaboutanoutcomeisanintelligentfirststepinmanyprocessesespeciallywhenthestakesarehighpossiblyevendangerous.DoyouhaveanyexperienceingettingoutofhazardoussituationsInthemostexceptionalcircumstancesafewgoodrulesofthumbmaysaveyou.Herearefivethingstokeepinmind. 41.Staycalm Ifacatastrophethreatensyourlifepanicwillonlymakemattersworse.Nothingbutcalmnesscanhelpyouadequatelytakestockofthesituationandtakeappropriatemeasures. 42.Remainconfident Desperationcanparalyzeyouorsapyourenergywhileconfidenceisthekeytosavingyourself. 43.Helpeachother Youshouldorganizeformutualassistanceincaseofanearthquakefloodfireetc.Peopleworkingtogethercanalwayscopemoresuccessfullywithanyadversesituation.Solidaritymeansstrength;solidaritymeansvictory. 44.Beobedienttosuperiors Thebeststrategywhenfacingacatastropheistoobeycommandsandkeeporder.Moreoftenthannotleadersareexpertsorsomeonefamiliarwiththesituationorwithrichexperience.Beingtooindividualisticandgoingyourownwaywillusuallymakethesituationworseforyouandothers.Sothebestthingtodoistolistentoauthoritiesandremainorderly. 45.Communicate Whenindangeritisbesttoseekhelpimmediatelysothosewithmoreresourcescancometoyouraid.Ifyouareatriskusewhatevermeansavailableassoonaspossibletocontactothersforhelpandtakeeffortstomaintaincommunicationonceitisestablished. Whileeverycatastropheisdifferentinitsownwayallcanbemetandhopefullyovercomewiththeabove-mentionedpiecesofadvice.Bycarefullyconsideringwhatneedstobedoneevenundertheworstofsituationsonecanfindsolutionsorendureuntilaidedbyothers. [A]Apersontrappedinruinsinanearthquakedidn’tlosehope.Thevictimovercamehispainanddespairandkeptbangingoutsignalsonthefallenwallaroundhimforhelp.Becauseofhiseffortsarescueteamwasabletofindhimandsavehislife. [B]Forexampleifnumerouspeopleareinvolvedinadangeroussituationsomeoutoffearorinclinationmaynotfollowdirectionorheedsoundadvice.Asaresultofthedisorderrescueeffortsarehinderedorworsemorecasualtiesareincurred. [C]NinefishermenfromPeruwerehitbyaseverestormbuttheydidn’tpaniceventhoughtheirboatwasdamagedsobadlythattheycouldn’tsailhome.Theymaintainedfaiththattheywouldsurelytobesavedandtheirbeliefgavethemstrength.Whenthereishopethereisaway!Theysurvivedatseafor40daysbeforetheywerefinallyrescued.Theirstoryisagoodsampleforfuturepeoplelostatsea.Itisbesttoremembertheproverb:Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves. [D]Historyshowsthatwhenpeopleareindangermutualassistancepromotesconfidenceandreassuringothersnotonlyhelpsthembutcancalmyouaswell.Helpingothersisbeneficialespeciallyinthedirestcircumstances.DuringtheSept.11attacksinAmericapeoplepulledtogetherandsupportedeachother.Thisnotonlyreducedcasualtiesbutalsoleftadeepimpressiononpeoplearoundworld.Rememberhelpingothersishelpingyourself! [E]TheApollo13spacemissionsufferedcatastrophicmechanicalproblemsenroutetotheMoon.ItsmalfunctionwascausedbyanexplosionandruptureofoxygentankNo.2intheservicemodule.TheNASAMissionControlCenterimmediatelyissuedtwoorders.Thesecondorderwasconcerningnavigation.ButcanyouguesswhatthefirstorderwasUnbelievablytheastronautsweretoldtotaketwotranquillizerpillseach!Asaresultcalmnesshelpedtheastronautsovercomeaseriesofdifficultiesandreturntoearth.Calmnesscanworkmiraclesintimesofemergency. [F]Thebestwaytopreventacatastrophefromhappeningisplanningahead.Youshouldoftencheckyourcircuitsstoveselectricalappliancesandgaspipelines.Beforesleepinginahotelyoushouldbeawareofthenearestexitincaseofanemergency."Preparationaversperil." 43
WhatdoyouthinkofAmericanhealthcaresystemMostpeoplewouldbe1bythehighqualityofmedicine2tomostAmericans.Thereisalotofspecializationagreatdealof3totheindividuala4amountofadvancedtechnicalequipmentand5effortnottomakemistakesbecauseofthefinancialriskwhichdoctorsandhospitalsmust6inthecourtsifthey7thingsbadly. ButtheAmericansareinamess.Totheproblemisthewayin8healthcareisorganizedand9.10topubicbeliefitisnotjustafreecompetitionsystem.Totheprivatesystemhasbeenjoinedalargepublicsystembecauseprivatecarewassimplynot11thelessfortunateandtheelderly. Butevenwiththishugepublicpartofthesystem12thisyearwilleatup84.5billiondollars—morethan10percentoftheU.S.Budget—alargenumberofAmericansareleft13.Theseincludeabouthalfthe11millionunemployedandthosewhofailtomeetthestrictlimits14incomefixedbyagovernmenttryingtomakesavingswhereitcan. Thebasicproblemhoweveristhatthereisnocentralcontrol15thehealthsystem.Thereisno16towhatdoctorsandhospitalschargefortheirservicesotherthanwhatthepublicisabletopay.Thenumberofdoctorshasshotupandpriceshaveclimbed.Whenfacedwithtoothacheasickchildoraheartattackalltheunfortunatepersonsconcernedcandoistopay17.Twothirdsofthepopulationare18bymedicalinsurance.Doctorschargeasmuchastheywant19thattheinsurancecompanywillpaythebill. TherisingcostofmedicineintheU.S.A.isamongthemostworryingproblemsfacingthecountry.In1981thecountry’shealthbillclimbed15.9percent—abouttwiceasfastasprices20general. 1
RememberthedayswhencompaniessuchasMicrosoftandMc-Kinseytookimmensesatisfactionfromsubjectingjobcandidatestomind-crunchingstrategysessionsIfyouthoughtthatwasroughimagineaninterviewinwhichnoamountofresearchorquestioningofinsiderswillhelp.Imagineinsteadthatallyoucandoishaveahealthybreakfastpickoutyournicestsuitandhopeforthebest.Inthenewinterviewthey’renotjusttestingwhatyouknow.They’realsotestingwhoyouare.It’scalledthesituationalinterviewandit’squicklybecomingamustinthejob-seekingworld.Inthepost-Enroncultureofcautioncorporationsarefocusingonanobviousinsight:thatagold-platedresumeandwinningpersonalityareaboutasaccurateindeterminingjobperformanceasWallStreetanalystsareinpickingstocks.Nowwithshareholderscrutinyhiringslowdownsandexpense-reducingnomanagercanaffordtohirethewrongperson.Hundredsofcompaniesareswitchingtothenewmethods.Whereastheconventionalinterviewhasbeenfoundtobeonly7%accurateinpredictingjobperformancesituationalinterviewsdeliveraratingof54%—themostofanyinterviewingtool.Thesituationaltechnique’ssuperioritystemsfromitsabilitytotripupeventhewittiestofinterviewees.Ofcourseeveryapplicantmustdisplayahealthydoseofoccupationalknow-howbutbehaviorandethicalbackboneplayabigrole.ForexampleaprospectiveanalystataWallStreetbankmighthavetofacesayacustomerwithanaccountargument.It’snothappeningonpaperbutinrealtime—withmanagersandexpertswatchingnearby.Theinterviewerplaystheroleofafiercecustomeronthephoneangryaboutmoneylostwhenatradewasn’texecutedontime.It’ssetupasanobviousmistakeonthebanker’spart.Interviewerswatchthecandidates’reactions:howtheyprocessthecomplexaccountinformationtheirabilitytotalktheclientdownwhattheirbodylanguagedisplaysabouttheirownshortcomingsandwhichwordstheychoose.Inthisinstancenotbeinghonestaboutthemistakeorshowingangerorfrustration—nomatterhowglowingyourresume—meansyou’reout.Behavioralinterviewsarealsobeingroundedoutbyothertoolsthatuntilrecentlyhadbeenreservedforelitehires.Personality-testingoutfitCaliperforexamplewhichprobescandidatesforemotional-intelligenceskillsandjobabilityhasseenitsbusinessjump20%thisyear.Clearlythenewinterviewisn’twithoutitsdrawbacks.Companiesruntheriskofarousinghostilityincandidateswhomayfeelasifsomelinehasbeencrossedintopersonalterritory.Moreoversortiecompaniesworryaboutthefairnessofpersonalitytests.Theyhavetomakesuretherearenoinherentgenderorracialbiasesinthetest.TheadvantagesofbehavioralinterviewincludeallofthefollowingEXCEPT______.
Whenacountryisunder-populatednewcomersarenotcompetitorsbutassistants.Ifmorecometheymayproducenotonlynewquotasbuta1aswell.Insuchastateofthingslandis2andcheap.Thepossessionofit3nopowerorprivilege.Noonewillworkforanotherforwages4hecantakeupnewlandandbehisownmaster.Henceitwillpaynoonetoownmorelandthanhecan5byhisownlabororwithsuchaidashisownfamily6.Henceagainland7littleornorent;therewillbenolandlordslivingonrentandnolaborerslivingon8butonlyamiddleclassofyeomanfarmers自耕农.Allare9onanequalityanddemocracybecomesthepoliticalformbecausethisistheonlystateofsocietyinwhichequalityonwhichdemocracyis10isrealizedasafact.Thesameeffectsarepowerfully11byotherfacts.Inanewandunder-populatedcountrytheindustrieswhicharemostprofitablearetheextractiveindustries.The12ofthesewiththeexceptionofsomekindsofminingisthattheycall13onlyaloworganizationoflaborandsmallamountofcapital.Hencetheyallowtheworkmantobecome14hisownmasterandtheyeducatehimtofreedomindependenceandself15.Atthesametimethesocialgroupsbeingonly16markedofffromeachotheritiseasyto17fromoneclassofoccupationsandconsequentlyfromonesocialgradetoanother.Finallyunderthesamecircumstanceseducationskillandsuperiortraininghavebutinferiorvaluecomparedwithwhattheyhavein18populatedcountries.The19lieinanunder-populatedcountrywiththe20unskilledmanualoccupationsandnotwiththehighestdevelopmentsofscienceliteratureandart. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.9
RememberthedayswhencompaniessuchasMicrosoftandMc-Kinseytookimmensesatisfactionfromsubjectingjobcandidatestomind-crunchingstrategysessionsIfyouthoughtthatwasroughimagineaninterviewinwhichnoamountofresearchorquestioningofinsiderswillhelp.Imagineinsteadthatallyoucandoishaveahealthybreakfastpickoutyournicestsuitandhopeforthebest.Inthenewinterviewthey’renotjusttestingwhatyouknow.They’realsotestingwhoyouare.It’scalledthesituationalinterviewandit’squicklybecomingamustinthejob-seekingworld.Inthepost-Enroncultureofcautioncorporationsarefocusingonanobviousinsight:thatagold-platedresumeandwinningpersonalityareaboutasaccurateindeterminingjobperformanceasWallStreetanalystsareinpickingstocks.Nowwithshareholderscrutinyhiringslowdownsandexpense-reducingnomanagercanaffordtohirethewrongperson.Hundredsofcompaniesareswitchingtothenewmethods.Whereastheconventionalinterviewhasbeenfoundtobeonly7%accurateinpredictingjobperformancesituationalinterviewsdeliveraratingof54%—themostofanyinterviewingtool.Thesituationaltechnique’ssuperioritystemsfromitsabilitytotripupeventhewittiestofinterviewees.Ofcourseeveryapplicantmustdisplayahealthydoseofoccupationalknow-howbutbehaviorandethicalbackboneplayabigrole.ForexampleaprospectiveanalystataWallStreetbankmighthavetofacesayacustomerwithanaccountargument.It’snothappeningonpaperbutinrealtime—withmanagersandexpertswatchingnearby.Theinterviewerplaystheroleofafiercecustomeronthephoneangryaboutmoneylostwhenatradewasn’texecutedontime.It’ssetupasanobviousmistakeonthebanker’spart.Interviewerswatchthecandidates’reactions:howtheyprocessthecomplexaccountinformationtheirabilitytotalktheclientdownwhattheirbodylanguagedisplaysabouttheirownshortcomingsandwhichwordstheychoose.Inthisinstancenotbeinghonestaboutthemistakeorshowingangerorfrustration—nomatterhowglowingyourresume—meansyou’reout.Behavioralinterviewsarealsobeingroundedoutbyothertoolsthatuntilrecentlyhadbeenreservedforelitehires.Personality-testingoutfitCaliperforexamplewhichprobescandidatesforemotional-intelligenceskillsandjobabilityhasseenitsbusinessjump20%thisyear.Clearlythenewinterviewisn’twithoutitsdrawbacks.Companiesruntheriskofarousinghostilityincandidateswhomayfeelasifsomelinehasbeencrossedintopersonalterritory.Moreoversortiecompaniesworryaboutthefairnessofpersonalitytests.Theyhavetomakesuretherearenoinherentgenderorracialbiasesinthetest.InconventionalinterviewsMicrosofttestedapplicantsby______.
Demandforthemostcommoncosmeticsurgeryprocedureslikebreastenlargementsandnosejobshasincreasedbymorethan400percentoverthelastdecade.AccordingtoDr.DaiDaviesofthePlasticSurgeryPartnershipinHammersmiththemajorityofcosmeticsurgerypatientsarenotchasingphysicalperfection.Rathertheyaredriventofantasticlengthstoimprovetheirappearancebyadesiretolooknormal.Whatweallcraveistolooknormalandnormaliswhatisprescribedbytheadvertisingmediaandotherexternalpressures.Theygiveusaperceptionofwhatisphysicallyacceptableandwefeelwemustlooklikethat.InAmericathedebateisnolongeraboutwhethersurgeryisnormal;ratheritcentresonwhatagepeopleshouldbebeforegoingundertheknife.NewYorksurgeonDr.GerardImberrecommendsmaintenanceworkforpeopleintheirthirties.Theideaofwaitinguntiloneneedsaheroictransformationissillyhesays.Bythenyou’vewasted20greatyearsofyourlifeandallowedthingstogetoutofhand.Dr.Imberdrawsthelineatoperatingonpeoplewhoareunder18however.Itseemsthatsomeonewedon’tconsideroldenoughtoorderadrinkshouldn’tbeconsideringplasticsurgery.IntheUKcosmeticsurgeryhaslongbeenseenastheexclusivedomainoftheveryrichandfamous.Buttheproportionatecostoftreatmenthasfallensubstantiallybringingallbutthemostadvancedlasertechnologywithinthereachofmostpeople.Dr.Davieswhoclaimstocaterfortheaveragepersonagrees.Hesays:Itreatafewoftherichandfamousandanawfullotofsecretaries.Ofcourse￡3000foranoperationisalotofmoney.Butitisalsoallinvestmentforlifewhichcostsabouthalfthepriceofagoodfamilyholiday.Dr.Daviessuspectsthattheincreasingsophisticationofthefatinjectingandremovaltechniquesthatallowpatientstobetreatedwithalocalanaestheticinanafternoonhasalsohelpedpromotethepopularityofcosmeticsurgery.Yetasonewomanwhorecentlypaid￡2500forliposuctiontoremovecellulitefromherthighsadmittedtheslopetobecomingacosmeticsurgeryveteranisadeceptivelygentleone.Ihadmylegsdonebecausethey’dbeenbuggingmeforyears.Butgoingintotheclinicwassolowkeyandeffectiveitwhettedmyappetite.NowIdon’tthinkthere’sanyoperationthatIwouldruleouthavingifIcouldaffordit./Accordingtothetextthereasonforcosmeticsurgeryis______.
Demandforthemostcommoncosmeticsurgeryprocedureslikebreastenlargementsandnosejobshasincreasedbymorethan400percentoverthelastdecade.AccordingtoDr.DaiDaviesofthePlasticSurgeryPartnershipinHammersmiththemajorityofcosmeticsurgerypatientsarenotchasingphysicalperfection.Rathertheyaredriventofantasticlengthstoimprovetheirappearancebyadesiretolooknormal.Whatweallcraveistolooknormalandnormaliswhatisprescribedbytheadvertisingmediaandotherexternalpressures.Theygiveusaperceptionofwhatisphysicallyacceptableandwefeelwemustlooklikethat.InAmericathedebateisnolongeraboutwhethersurgeryisnormal;ratheritcentresonwhatagepeopleshouldbebeforegoingundertheknife.NewYorksurgeonDr.GerardImberrecommendsmaintenanceworkforpeopleintheirthirties.Theideaofwaitinguntiloneneedsaheroictransformationissillyhesays.Bythenyou’vewasted20greatyearsofyourlifeandallowedthingstogetoutofhand.Dr.Imberdrawsthelineatoperatingonpeoplewhoareunder18however.Itseemsthatsomeonewedon’tconsideroldenoughtoorderadrinkshouldn’tbeconsideringplasticsurgery.IntheUKcosmeticsurgeryhaslongbeenseenastheexclusivedomainoftheveryrichandfamous.Buttheproportionatecostoftreatmenthasfallensubstantiallybringingallbutthemostadvancedlasertechnologywithinthereachofmostpeople.Dr.Davieswhoclaimstocaterfortheaveragepersonagrees.Hesays:Itreatafewoftherichandfamousandanawfullotofsecretaries.Ofcourse￡3000foranoperationisalotofmoney.Butitisalsoallinvestmentforlifewhichcostsabouthalfthepriceofagoodfamilyholiday.Dr.Daviessuspectsthattheincreasingsophisticationofthefatinjectingandremovaltechniquesthatallowpatientstobetreatedwithalocalanaestheticinanafternoonhasalsohelpedpromotethepopularityofcosmeticsurgery.Yetasonewomanwhorecentlypaid￡2500forliposuctiontoremovecellulitefromherthighsadmittedtheslopetobecomingacosmeticsurgeryveteranisadeceptivelygentleone.Ihadmylegsdonebecausethey’dbeenbuggingmeforyears.Butgoingintotheclinicwassolowkeyandeffectiveitwhettedmyappetite.NowIdon’tthinkthere’sanyoperationthatIwouldruleouthavingifIcouldaffordit./ThereisahotdebateinAmericaabout______.
C.P.Snowoncesaid:"Asenseofthefutureisbehindallgoodpolicies.Unlesswehaveitwecangivenothingeitherwiseordecenttotheworld."Thinkingcarefullyaboutanoutcomeisanintelligentfirststepinmanyprocessesespeciallywhenthestakesarehighpossiblyevendangerous.DoyouhaveanyexperienceingettingoutofhazardoussituationsInthemostexceptionalcircumstancesafewgoodrulesofthumbmaysaveyou.Herearefivethingstokeepinmind. 41.Staycalm Ifacatastrophethreatensyourlifepanicwillonlymakemattersworse.Nothingbutcalmnesscanhelpyouadequatelytakestockofthesituationandtakeappropriatemeasures. 42.Remainconfident Desperationcanparalyzeyouorsapyourenergywhileconfidenceisthekeytosavingyourself. 43.Helpeachother Youshouldorganizeformutualassistanceincaseofanearthquakefloodfireetc.Peopleworkingtogethercanalwayscopemoresuccessfullywithanyadversesituation.Solidaritymeansstrength;solidaritymeansvictory. 44.Beobedienttosuperiors Thebeststrategywhenfacingacatastropheistoobeycommandsandkeeporder.Moreoftenthannotleadersareexpertsorsomeonefamiliarwiththesituationorwithrichexperience.Beingtooindividualisticandgoingyourownwaywillusuallymakethesituationworseforyouandothers.Sothebestthingtodoistolistentoauthoritiesandremainorderly. 45.Communicate Whenindangeritisbesttoseekhelpimmediatelysothosewithmoreresourcescancometoyouraid.Ifyouareatriskusewhatevermeansavailableassoonaspossibletocontactothersforhelpandtakeeffortstomaintaincommunicationonceitisestablished. Whileeverycatastropheisdifferentinitsownwayallcanbemetandhopefullyovercomewiththeabove-mentionedpiecesofadvice.Bycarefullyconsideringwhatneedstobedoneevenundertheworstofsituationsonecanfindsolutionsorendureuntilaidedbyothers. [A]Apersontrappedinruinsinanearthquakedidn’tlosehope.Thevictimovercamehispainanddespairandkeptbangingoutsignalsonthefallenwallaroundhimforhelp.Becauseofhiseffortsarescueteamwasabletofindhimandsavehislife. [B]Forexampleifnumerouspeopleareinvolvedinadangeroussituationsomeoutoffearorinclinationmaynotfollowdirectionorheedsoundadvice.Asaresultofthedisorderrescueeffortsarehinderedorworsemorecasualtiesareincurred. [C]NinefishermenfromPeruwerehitbyaseverestormbuttheydidn’tpaniceventhoughtheirboatwasdamagedsobadlythattheycouldn’tsailhome.Theymaintainedfaiththattheywouldsurelytobesavedandtheirbeliefgavethemstrength.Whenthereishopethereisaway!Theysurvivedatseafor40daysbeforetheywerefinallyrescued.Theirstoryisagoodsampleforfuturepeoplelostatsea.Itisbesttoremembertheproverb:Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves. [D]Historyshowsthatwhenpeopleareindangermutualassistancepromotesconfidenceandreassuringothersnotonlyhelpsthembutcancalmyouaswell.Helpingothersisbeneficialespeciallyinthedirestcircumstances.DuringtheSept.11attacksinAmericapeoplepulledtogetherandsupportedeachother.Thisnotonlyreducedcasualtiesbutalsoleftadeepimpressiononpeoplearoundworld.Rememberhelpingothersishelpingyourself! [E]TheApollo13spacemissionsufferedcatastrophicmechanicalproblemsenroutetotheMoon.ItsmalfunctionwascausedbyanexplosionandruptureofoxygentankNo.2intheservicemodule.TheNASAMissionControlCenterimmediatelyissuedtwoorders.Thesecondorderwasconcerningnavigation.ButcanyouguesswhatthefirstorderwasUnbelievablytheastronautsweretoldtotaketwotranquillizerpillseach!Asaresultcalmnesshelpedtheastronautsovercomeaseriesofdifficultiesandreturntoearth.Calmnesscanworkmiraclesintimesofemergency. [F]Thebestwaytopreventacatastrophefromhappeningisplanningahead.Youshouldoftencheckyourcircuitsstoveselectricalappliancesandgaspipelines.Beforesleepinginahotelyoushouldbeawareofthenearestexitincaseofanemergency."Preparationaversperil." 41
C.P.Snowoncesaid:"Asenseofthefutureisbehindallgoodpolicies.Unlesswehaveitwecangivenothingeitherwiseordecenttotheworld."Thinkingcarefullyaboutanoutcomeisanintelligentfirststepinmanyprocessesespeciallywhenthestakesarehighpossiblyevendangerous.DoyouhaveanyexperienceingettingoutofhazardoussituationsInthemostexceptionalcircumstancesafewgoodrulesofthumbmaysaveyou.Herearefivethingstokeepinmind. 41.Staycalm Ifacatastrophethreatensyourlifepanicwillonlymakemattersworse.Nothingbutcalmnesscanhelpyouadequatelytakestockofthesituationandtakeappropriatemeasures. 42.Remainconfident Desperationcanparalyzeyouorsapyourenergywhileconfidenceisthekeytosavingyourself. 43.Helpeachother Youshouldorganizeformutualassistanceincaseofanearthquakefloodfireetc.Peopleworkingtogethercanalwayscopemoresuccessfullywithanyadversesituation.Solidaritymeansstrength;solidaritymeansvictory. 44.Beobedienttosuperiors Thebeststrategywhenfacingacatastropheistoobeycommandsandkeeporder.Moreoftenthannotleadersareexpertsorsomeonefamiliarwiththesituationorwithrichexperience.Beingtooindividualisticandgoingyourownwaywillusuallymakethesituationworseforyouandothers.Sothebestthingtodoistolistentoauthoritiesandremainorderly. 45.Communicate Whenindangeritisbesttoseekhelpimmediatelysothosewithmoreresourcescancometoyouraid.Ifyouareatriskusewhatevermeansavailableassoonaspossibletocontactothersforhelpandtakeeffortstomaintaincommunicationonceitisestablished. Whileeverycatastropheisdifferentinitsownwayallcanbemetandhopefullyovercomewiththeabove-mentionedpiecesofadvice.Bycarefullyconsideringwhatneedstobedoneevenundertheworstofsituationsonecanfindsolutionsorendureuntilaidedbyothers. [A]Apersontrappedinruinsinanearthquakedidn’tlosehope.Thevictimovercamehispainanddespairandkeptbangingoutsignalsonthefallenwallaroundhimforhelp.Becauseofhiseffortsarescueteamwasabletofindhimandsavehislife. [B]Forexampleifnumerouspeopleareinvolvedinadangeroussituationsomeoutoffearorinclinationmaynotfollowdirectionorheedsoundadvice.Asaresultofthedisorderrescueeffortsarehinderedorworsemorecasualtiesareincurred. [C]NinefishermenfromPeruwerehitbyaseverestormbuttheydidn’tpaniceventhoughtheirboatwasdamagedsobadlythattheycouldn’tsailhome.Theymaintainedfaiththattheywouldsurelytobesavedandtheirbeliefgavethemstrength.Whenthereishopethereisaway!Theysurvivedatseafor40daysbeforetheywerefinallyrescued.Theirstoryisagoodsampleforfuturepeoplelostatsea.Itisbesttoremembertheproverb:Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves. [D]Historyshowsthatwhenpeopleareindangermutualassistancepromotesconfidenceandreassuringothersnotonlyhelpsthembutcancalmyouaswell.Helpingothersisbeneficialespeciallyinthedirestcircumstances.DuringtheSept.11attacksinAmericapeoplepulledtogetherandsupportedeachother.Thisnotonlyreducedcasualtiesbutalsoleftadeepimpressiononpeoplearoundworld.Rememberhelpingothersishelpingyourself! [E]TheApollo13spacemissionsufferedcatastrophicmechanicalproblemsenroutetotheMoon.ItsmalfunctionwascausedbyanexplosionandruptureofoxygentankNo.2intheservicemodule.TheNASAMissionControlCenterimmediatelyissuedtwoorders.Thesecondorderwasconcerningnavigation.ButcanyouguesswhatthefirstorderwasUnbelievablytheastronautsweretoldtotaketwotranquillizerpillseach!Asaresultcalmnesshelpedtheastronautsovercomeaseriesofdifficultiesandreturntoearth.Calmnesscanworkmiraclesintimesofemergency. [F]Thebestwaytopreventacatastrophefromhappeningisplanningahead.Youshouldoftencheckyourcircuitsstoveselectricalappliancesandgaspipelines.Beforesleepinginahotelyoushouldbeawareofthenearestexitincaseofanemergency."Preparationaversperil." 45
RememberthedayswhencompaniessuchasMicrosoftandMc-Kinseytookimmensesatisfactionfromsubjectingjobcandidatestomind-crunchingstrategysessionsIfyouthoughtthatwasroughimagineaninterviewinwhichnoamountofresearchorquestioningofinsiderswillhelp.Imagineinsteadthatallyoucandoishaveahealthybreakfastpickoutyournicestsuitandhopeforthebest.Inthenewinterviewthey’renotjusttestingwhatyouknow.They’realsotestingwhoyouare.It’scalledthesituationalinterviewandit’squicklybecomingamustinthejob-seekingworld.Inthepost-Enroncultureofcautioncorporationsarefocusingonanobviousinsight:thatagold-platedresumeandwinningpersonalityareaboutasaccurateindeterminingjobperformanceasWallStreetanalystsareinpickingstocks.Nowwithshareholderscrutinyhiringslowdownsandexpense-reducingnomanagercanaffordtohirethewrongperson.Hundredsofcompaniesareswitchingtothenewmethods.Whereastheconventionalinterviewhasbeenfoundtobeonly7%accurateinpredictingjobperformancesituationalinterviewsdeliveraratingof54%—themostofanyinterviewingtool.Thesituationaltechnique’ssuperioritystemsfromitsabilitytotripupeventhewittiestofinterviewees.Ofcourseeveryapplicantmustdisplayahealthydoseofoccupationalknow-howbutbehaviorandethicalbackboneplayabigrole.ForexampleaprospectiveanalystataWallStreetbankmighthavetofacesayacustomerwithanaccountargument.It’snothappeningonpaperbutinrealtime—withmanagersandexpertswatchingnearby.Theinterviewerplaystheroleofafiercecustomeronthephoneangryaboutmoneylostwhenatradewasn’texecutedontime.It’ssetupasanobviousmistakeonthebanker’spart.Interviewerswatchthecandidates’reactions:howtheyprocessthecomplexaccountinformationtheirabilitytotalktheclientdownwhattheirbodylanguagedisplaysabouttheirownshortcomingsandwhichwordstheychoose.Inthisinstancenotbeinghonestaboutthemistakeorshowingangerorfrustration—nomatterhowglowingyourresume—meansyou’reout.Behavioralinterviewsarealsobeingroundedoutbyothertoolsthatuntilrecentlyhadbeenreservedforelitehires.Personality-testingoutfitCaliperforexamplewhichprobescandidatesforemotional-intelligenceskillsandjobabilityhasseenitsbusinessjump20%thisyear.Clearlythenewinterviewisn’twithoutitsdrawbacks.Companiesruntheriskofarousinghostilityincandidateswhomayfeelasifsomelinehasbeencrossedintopersonalterritory.Moreoversortiecompaniesworryaboutthefairnessofpersonalitytests.Theyhavetomakesuretherearenoinherentgenderorracialbiasesinthetest.Thenewinterviewiswidelyadoptedbecauseofits______.
Whenacountryisunder-populatednewcomersarenotcompetitorsbutassistants.Ifmorecometheymayproducenotonlynewquotasbuta1aswell.Insuchastateofthingslandis2andcheap.Thepossessionofit3nopowerorprivilege.Noonewillworkforanotherforwages4hecantakeupnewlandandbehisownmaster.Henceitwillpaynoonetoownmorelandthanhecan5byhisownlabororwithsuchaidashisownfamily6.Henceagainland7littleornorent;therewillbenolandlordslivingonrentandnolaborerslivingon8butonlyamiddleclassofyeomanfarmers自耕农.Allare9onanequalityanddemocracybecomesthepoliticalformbecausethisistheonlystateofsocietyinwhichequalityonwhichdemocracyis10isrealizedasafact.Thesameeffectsarepowerfully11byotherfacts.Inanewandunder-populatedcountrytheindustrieswhicharemostprofitablearetheextractiveindustries.The12ofthesewiththeexceptionofsomekindsofminingisthattheycall13onlyaloworganizationoflaborandsmallamountofcapital.Hencetheyallowtheworkmantobecome14hisownmasterandtheyeducatehimtofreedomindependenceandself15.Atthesametimethesocialgroupsbeingonly16markedofffromeachotheritiseasyto17fromoneclassofoccupationsandconsequentlyfromonesocialgradetoanother.Finallyunderthesamecircumstanceseducationskillandsuperiortraininghavebutinferiorvaluecomparedwithwhattheyhavein18populatedcountries.The19lieinanunder-populatedcountrywiththe20unskilledmanualoccupationsandnotwiththehighestdevelopmentsofscienceliteratureandart. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.7
Whenacountryisunder-populatednewcomersarenotcompetitorsbutassistants.Ifmorecometheymayproducenotonlynewquotasbuta1aswell.Insuchastateofthingslandis2andcheap.Thepossessionofit3nopowerorprivilege.Noonewillworkforanotherforwages4hecantakeupnewlandandbehisownmaster.Henceitwillpaynoonetoownmorelandthanhecan5byhisownlabororwithsuchaidashisownfamily6.Henceagainland7littleornorent;therewillbenolandlordslivingonrentandnolaborerslivingon8butonlyamiddleclassofyeomanfarmers自耕农.Allare9onanequalityanddemocracybecomesthepoliticalformbecausethisistheonlystateofsocietyinwhichequalityonwhichdemocracyis10isrealizedasafact.Thesameeffectsarepowerfully11byotherfacts.Inanewandunder-populatedcountrytheindustrieswhicharemostprofitablearetheextractiveindustries.The12ofthesewiththeexceptionofsomekindsofminingisthattheycall13onlyaloworganizationoflaborandsmallamountofcapital.Hencetheyallowtheworkmantobecome14hisownmasterandtheyeducatehimtofreedomindependenceandself15.Atthesametimethesocialgroupsbeingonly16markedofffromeachotheritiseasyto17fromoneclassofoccupationsandconsequentlyfromonesocialgradetoanother.Finallyunderthesamecircumstanceseducationskillandsuperiortraininghavebutinferiorvaluecomparedwithwhattheyhavein18populatedcountries.The19lieinanunder-populatedcountrywiththe20unskilledmanualoccupationsandnotwiththehighestdevelopmentsofscienceliteratureandart. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.19
Whenacountryisunder-populatednewcomersarenotcompetitorsbutassistants.Ifmorecometheymayproducenotonlynewquotasbuta1aswell.Insuchastateofthingslandis2andcheap.Thepossessionofit3nopowerorprivilege.Noonewillworkforanotherforwages4hecantakeupnewlandandbehisownmaster.Henceitwillpaynoonetoownmorelandthanhecan5byhisownlabororwithsuchaidashisownfamily6.Henceagainland7littleornorent;therewillbenolandlordslivingonrentandnolaborerslivingon8butonlyamiddleclassofyeomanfarmers自耕农.Allare9onanequalityanddemocracybecomesthepoliticalformbecausethisistheonlystateofsocietyinwhichequalityonwhichdemocracyis10isrealizedasafact.Thesameeffectsarepowerfully11byotherfacts.Inanewandunder-populatedcountrytheindustrieswhicharemostprofitablearetheextractiveindustries.The12ofthesewiththeexceptionofsomekindsofminingisthattheycall13onlyaloworganizationoflaborandsmallamountofcapital.Hencetheyallowtheworkmantobecome14hisownmasterandtheyeducatehimtofreedomindependenceandself15.Atthesametimethesocialgroupsbeingonly16markedofffromeachotheritiseasyto17fromoneclassofoccupationsandconsequentlyfromonesocialgradetoanother.Finallyunderthesamecircumstanceseducationskillandsuperiortraininghavebutinferiorvaluecomparedwithwhattheyhavein18populatedcountries.The19lieinanunder-populatedcountrywiththe20unskilledmanualoccupationsandnotwiththehighestdevelopmentsofscienceliteratureandart. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.3
Anofficialreportaddressingconcernsaboutthemanyimplicationsofgenetictestingoutlinedpolicyguidelinesandlegislativerecommendationsintendedtoavoidinvoluntaryand/orineffectivetestingandtoprotectconfidentiality.Thereportidentifiedurgentconcernssuchasqualitycontrolmeasuresincludingfederaloversightfortestinglaboratoriesandbettergeneticstrainingformedicalpractitioners.Itrecommendedvoluntaryscreeningurgedcouplesinhigh-riskpopulationstoconsidercarrierscreeningandadvisedcautioninusingandinterpretingpre-symptomaticorpredictivetestsbecausecertaininformationcouldeasilybemisusedormisinterpreted.Aboutthreeinevery100childrenarebornwithaseveredisorderpresumedtobegeneticorpartiallygeneticinorigin.GenesofteninconcertwithenvironmentalfactorsarebeinglinkedtothecausesofmanycommonadultdiseasessuchasheartdiseasehypertensionhighbloodpressurevariouscancersAlzheimer’sdiseaseetc.Teststodeterminepredispositiontoavarietyofconditionsareunderstudyandsomearebeginningtobeapplied.Thereportrecommendedthatallscreeningincludingscreeningofnewbornsbevoluntary.Citingtheresultsoftwodifferentvoluntarynewbornscreeningprogramsthereportsaidtheseprogramscanachievecomplianceratesequaltoorbetterthanthoseofobligatoryprograms.Statehealthdepartmentscouldeventuallyrequiretheofferingoftestsfordiagnosingtreatableconditionsinnewbornshowevercarefulpilotstudiesforconditionsdiagnosableatbirthneedtobedonefirst.Althoughthereportassertedthatitwouldpreferthatallscreeningbevoluntaryitdidnotethatifastaterequiresnewbornscreeningforaparticularconditionthestateshoulddosoonlyifthereisstrongevidencethatanewbornwouldbenefitfromeffectivetreatmentattheearliestpossibleage.Newbornscreeningisthemostcommontypeofgeneticscreeningtoday.Morethanfourmillionnewbornsaretestedannuallysothateffectivetreatmentcanbestartedinafewhundredinfants.Prenatalprecedingbirthtestingcanposethemostdifficultissues.Theabilitytodiagnosegeneticdisordersinthefetus胎儿farexceedsanyabilitytotreatorcurethem.Parentsmustbefullyinformedaboutrisksandbenefitsoftestingproceduresthenatureandvariabilityofthedisorderstheywoulddiscloseandtheoptionsavailableiftestresultsarepositive.Obtaininginformedconsent—aprocessthatwouldincludeeducatingparticipantsnotjustprocessingdocuments—wouldenhancevoluntaryparticipation.Whenofferedtestingparentsshouldreceivecomprehensivecounselingwhichshouldbenondirective.Relevantmedicaladvicehoweverisrecommendedfortreatableorpreventableconditions.Geneticsalsocanpredictwhethercertaindiseasesmightdeveloplaterinlife.Forsingle-genediseasespopulationscreeningshouldonlybeconsideredfortreatableorpreventableconditionsofrelativelyhighfrequency.Childrenshouldbetestedonlyfordisordersforwhicheffectivetreatmentsorpreventivemeasurescouldbeappliedearlyinlife.Oneintentionofthepolicyguidelineswasto______.
Anofficialreportaddressingconcernsaboutthemanyimplicationsofgenetictestingoutlinedpolicyguidelinesandlegislativerecommendationsintendedtoavoidinvoluntaryand/orineffectivetestingandtoprotectconfidentiality.Thereportidentifiedurgentconcernssuchasqualitycontrolmeasuresincludingfederaloversightfortestinglaboratoriesandbettergeneticstrainingformedicalpractitioners.Itrecommendedvoluntaryscreeningurgedcouplesinhigh-riskpopulationstoconsidercarrierscreeningandadvisedcautioninusingandinterpretingpre-symptomaticorpredictivetestsbecausecertaininformationcouldeasilybemisusedormisinterpreted.Aboutthreeinevery100childrenarebornwithaseveredisorderpresumedtobegeneticorpartiallygeneticinorigin.GenesofteninconcertwithenvironmentalfactorsarebeinglinkedtothecausesofmanycommonadultdiseasessuchasheartdiseasehypertensionhighbloodpressurevariouscancersAlzheimer’sdiseaseetc.Teststodeterminepredispositiontoavarietyofconditionsareunderstudyandsomearebeginningtobeapplied.Thereportrecommendedthatallscreeningincludingscreeningofnewbornsbevoluntary.Citingtheresultsoftwodifferentvoluntarynewbornscreeningprogramsthereportsaidtheseprogramscanachievecomplianceratesequaltoorbetterthanthoseofobligatoryprograms.Statehealthdepartmentscouldeventuallyrequiretheofferingoftestsfordiagnosingtreatableconditionsinnewbornshowevercarefulpilotstudiesforconditionsdiagnosableatbirthneedtobedonefirst.Althoughthereportassertedthatitwouldpreferthatallscreeningbevoluntaryitdidnotethatifastaterequiresnewbornscreeningforaparticularconditionthestateshoulddosoonlyifthereisstrongevidencethatanewbornwouldbenefitfromeffectivetreatmentattheearliestpossibleage.Newbornscreeningisthemostcommontypeofgeneticscreeningtoday.Morethanfourmillionnewbornsaretestedannuallysothateffectivetreatmentcanbestartedinafewhundredinfants.Prenatalprecedingbirthtestingcanposethemostdifficultissues.Theabilitytodiagnosegeneticdisordersinthefetus胎儿farexceedsanyabilitytotreatorcurethem.Parentsmustbefullyinformedaboutrisksandbenefitsoftestingproceduresthenatureandvariabilityofthedisorderstheywoulddiscloseandtheoptionsavailableiftestresultsarepositive.Obtaininginformedconsent—aprocessthatwouldincludeeducatingparticipantsnotjustprocessingdocuments—wouldenhancevoluntaryparticipation.Whenofferedtestingparentsshouldreceivecomprehensivecounselingwhichshouldbenondirective.Relevantmedicaladvicehoweverisrecommendedfortreatableorpreventableconditions.Geneticsalsocanpredictwhethercertaindiseasesmightdeveloplaterinlife.Forsingle-genediseasespopulationscreeningshouldonlybeconsideredfortreatableorpreventableconditionsofrelativelyhighfrequency.Childrenshouldbetestedonlyfordisordersforwhicheffectivetreatmentsorpreventivemeasurescouldbeappliedearlyinlife.Greatcareshouldbegiventotheemploymentofinformationin______.
Whenacountryisunder-populatednewcomersarenotcompetitorsbutassistants.Ifmorecometheymayproducenotonlynewquotasbuta1aswell.Insuchastateofthingslandis2andcheap.Thepossessionofit3nopowerorprivilege.Noonewillworkforanotherforwages4hecantakeupnewlandandbehisownmaster.Henceitwillpaynoonetoownmorelandthanhecan5byhisownlabororwithsuchaidashisownfamily6.Henceagainland7littleornorent;therewillbenolandlordslivingonrentandnolaborerslivingon8butonlyamiddleclassofyeomanfarmers自耕农.Allare9onanequalityanddemocracybecomesthepoliticalformbecausethisistheonlystateofsocietyinwhichequalityonwhichdemocracyis10isrealizedasafact.Thesameeffectsarepowerfully11byotherfacts.Inanewandunder-populatedcountrytheindustrieswhicharemostprofitablearetheextractiveindustries.The12ofthesewiththeexceptionofsomekindsofminingisthattheycall13onlyaloworganizationoflaborandsmallamountofcapital.Hencetheyallowtheworkmantobecome14hisownmasterandtheyeducatehimtofreedomindependenceandself15.Atthesametimethesocialgroupsbeingonly16markedofffromeachotheritiseasyto17fromoneclassofoccupationsandconsequentlyfromonesocialgradetoanother.Finallyunderthesamecircumstanceseducationskillandsuperiortraininghavebutinferiorvaluecomparedwithwhattheyhavein18populatedcountries.The19lieinanunder-populatedcountrywiththe20unskilledmanualoccupationsandnotwiththehighestdevelopmentsofscienceliteratureandart. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.1
Whenacountryisunder-populatednewcomersarenotcompetitorsbutassistants.Ifmorecometheymayproducenotonlynewquotasbuta1aswell.Insuchastateofthingslandis2andcheap.Thepossessionofit3nopowerorprivilege.Noonewillworkforanotherforwages4hecantakeupnewlandandbehisownmaster.Henceitwillpaynoonetoownmorelandthanhecan5byhisownlabororwithsuchaidashisownfamily6.Henceagainland7littleornorent;therewillbenolandlordslivingonrentandnolaborerslivingon8butonlyamiddleclassofyeomanfarmers自耕农.Allare9onanequalityanddemocracybecomesthepoliticalformbecausethisistheonlystateofsocietyinwhichequalityonwhichdemocracyis10isrealizedasafact.Thesameeffectsarepowerfully11byotherfacts.Inanewandunder-populatedcountrytheindustrieswhicharemostprofitablearetheextractiveindustries.The12ofthesewiththeexceptionofsomekindsofminingisthattheycall13onlyaloworganizationoflaborandsmallamountofcapital.Hencetheyallowtheworkmantobecome14hisownmasterandtheyeducatehimtofreedomindependenceandself15.Atthesametimethesocialgroupsbeingonly16markedofffromeachotheritiseasyto17fromoneclassofoccupationsandconsequentlyfromonesocialgradetoanother.Finallyunderthesamecircumstanceseducationskillandsuperiortraininghavebutinferiorvaluecomparedwithwhattheyhavein18populatedcountries.The19lieinanunder-populatedcountrywiththe20unskilledmanualoccupationsandnotwiththehighestdevelopmentsofscienceliteratureandart. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.13
Narrativecreptbackintoartthroughasidedoormarkedfashionphotography.InApril1967FrenchVoguepublishedaspreadbyBobRichardsontheAmericanphotographerthatsoonbecamealegendInformallychristenedtheGreektripbyRichardson’sadmirersthespreadfeaturedDonnaMitchellastrikingbrunetmodelhangingoutontheAegeanislandofRhodeswithamalecompanion.Ofcoursenarrativeneverdisappeared—itjustwenttothemoviesandstayedandstayed.ButwhathadcausedstoriestobeexiledfromhighartTheideaofessenceandtheequationofessencewithgoodness.CanyouimagineVisualartisessentiallycomposedofformcolormaterials.Anythingtodowithcontentisextraneousandthereforetobeassociatedwithbadness;thereforetobeeliminated.Moreovercontentsaysthislineofthoughtiscontrolling.ThismeansthataroseistheVirginMarydependingonwhatthemeaningofisis.Andartlikesocietymustbeliberatedfromsuchhierarchicallyimposedvalues.Whatthisargumentoverlookedofcourseisthatnarrativeisaforminitselfnotjustavehicleforcontent.IndeedtheideologyofformalismoriginatedinSovietRussiawiththeanalysisofoldfolktales.Narrativeformtheanalysiswenttypicallyproceedsfromaninitialstateofequilibriumthroughaseriesofdestabilizingepisodesconcludingwithaheightenedstateofequilibriumattheend.ThinkIndianaJones.Youcanplugwhatevercontentyouwantinthereaslongasitcreatestheform.Eachepisodesimplyhastodowiththeworkofcreatingdisequilibrium.Anarrativedoesnotinotherwordstellastory.Astoryistoldtogivelistenersthepleasureofthenarrativeform.IfyouweretoisolatetheformofdisequilibriumfromthespecificsofplotyoumightarriveatsomethingresemblingthecollectedworkofCindySherman.InitiallymodeledaftermoviestillsSherman’spicturesarenotofcourseabstract.Overtheyearsinfacttheircontenthasbecomeincreasinglyelaborate.Iseethisasaformofgenerosityaswellasasignofadvancedtechnicalskills.NotsinceGiuseppeArcimboldo1527-1593perhapshasanartistcontrivedtoturnthehumanfigureintoamorebountifulcornucopiafortheeye.YeteventhemostvisuallysplendidofSherman’simagesareminimalistinthattheyreducethenarrativedowntotheprecisemomentwhenthecenterofgravityshifts.Perhapssomeunheardwordisspoken.Afloorboardsqueaks.Fromupstairscomesathump.Andatentativestateofequilibriumgiveswaytoanxietyordread.Thatmomenttoorepresentsessence.WhatmoredoyouneedtoknowAccordingtothepassageShermanisprobably______.
Narrativecreptbackintoartthroughasidedoormarkedfashionphotography.InApril1967FrenchVoguepublishedaspreadbyBobRichardsontheAmericanphotographerthatsoonbecamealegendInformallychristenedtheGreektripbyRichardson’sadmirersthespreadfeaturedDonnaMitchellastrikingbrunetmodelhangingoutontheAegeanislandofRhodeswithamalecompanion.Ofcoursenarrativeneverdisappeared—itjustwenttothemoviesandstayedandstayed.ButwhathadcausedstoriestobeexiledfromhighartTheideaofessenceandtheequationofessencewithgoodness.CanyouimagineVisualartisessentiallycomposedofformcolormaterials.Anythingtodowithcontentisextraneousandthereforetobeassociatedwithbadness;thereforetobeeliminated.Moreovercontentsaysthislineofthoughtiscontrolling.ThismeansthataroseistheVirginMarydependingonwhatthemeaningofisis.Andartlikesocietymustbeliberatedfromsuchhierarchicallyimposedvalues.Whatthisargumentoverlookedofcourseisthatnarrativeisaforminitselfnotjustavehicleforcontent.IndeedtheideologyofformalismoriginatedinSovietRussiawiththeanalysisofoldfolktales.Narrativeformtheanalysiswenttypicallyproceedsfromaninitialstateofequilibriumthroughaseriesofdestabilizingepisodesconcludingwithaheightenedstateofequilibriumattheend.ThinkIndianaJones.Youcanplugwhatevercontentyouwantinthereaslongasitcreatestheform.Eachepisodesimplyhastodowiththeworkofcreatingdisequilibrium.Anarrativedoesnotinotherwordstellastory.Astoryistoldtogivelistenersthepleasureofthenarrativeform.IfyouweretoisolatetheformofdisequilibriumfromthespecificsofplotyoumightarriveatsomethingresemblingthecollectedworkofCindySherman.InitiallymodeledaftermoviestillsSherman’spicturesarenotofcourseabstract.Overtheyearsinfacttheircontenthasbecomeincreasinglyelaborate.Iseethisasaformofgenerosityaswellasasignofadvancedtechnicalskills.NotsinceGiuseppeArcimboldo1527-1593perhapshasanartistcontrivedtoturnthehumanfigureintoamorebountifulcornucopiafortheeye.YeteventhemostvisuallysplendidofSherman’simagesareminimalistinthattheyreducethenarrativedowntotheprecisemomentwhenthecenterofgravityshifts.Perhapssomeunheardwordisspoken.Afloorboardsqueaks.Fromupstairscomesathump.Andatentativestateofequilibriumgiveswaytoanxietyordread.Thatmomenttoorepresentsessence.WhatmoredoyouneedtoknowPeoplewhosupporttheideaofessencemostprobablyagreethat______.
Whenacountryisunder-populatednewcomersarenotcompetitorsbutassistants.Ifmorecometheymayproducenotonlynewquotasbuta1aswell.Insuchastateofthingslandis2andcheap.Thepossessionofit3nopowerorprivilege.Noonewillworkforanotherforwages4hecantakeupnewlandandbehisownmaster.Henceitwillpaynoonetoownmorelandthanhecan5byhisownlabororwithsuchaidashisownfamily6.Henceagainland7littleornorent;therewillbenolandlordslivingonrentandnolaborerslivingon8butonlyamiddleclassofyeomanfarmers自耕农.Allare9onanequalityanddemocracybecomesthepoliticalformbecausethisistheonlystateofsocietyinwhichequalityonwhichdemocracyis10isrealizedasafact.Thesameeffectsarepowerfully11byotherfacts.Inanewandunder-populatedcountrytheindustrieswhicharemostprofitablearetheextractiveindustries.The12ofthesewiththeexceptionofsomekindsofminingisthattheycall13onlyaloworganizationoflaborandsmallamountofcapital.Hencetheyallowtheworkmantobecome14hisownmasterandtheyeducatehimtofreedomindependenceandself15.Atthesametimethesocialgroupsbeingonly16markedofffromeachotheritiseasyto17fromoneclassofoccupationsandconsequentlyfromonesocialgradetoanother.Finallyunderthesamecircumstanceseducationskillandsuperiortraininghavebutinferiorvaluecomparedwithwhattheyhavein18populatedcountries.The19lieinanunder-populatedcountrywiththe20unskilledmanualoccupationsandnotwiththehighestdevelopmentsofscienceliteratureandart. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.15
Directions:Severaldaysagoyouandyourfamilywenttoahoteltohaveadinner.Thereyouwerenotsatisfiedwithitsserviceandthequalityofthedinnel.Backhomeyouandyoudaddyhadloosebowels.Writealettertothemanagertomakeacomplaintandhopetosolvetheproblemassoonaspossible.Writeyourletterinnolessthan100words.WriteitneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter;useLiMinginstead.Donotwritetheaddress.
Directions:ReadthefollowingChinesetextandwriteanabstractofitin80-100EnglishwordsonANSWERSHEET2.健康从早餐开始很多人不重视早餐常常是随便凑合一下或者干脆不吃其实早餐对保障人体健康维持体能提高学习和工作效率有着至关重要的作用不仅如此专家还认为应根据人的不同年龄和体质状况科学合理地搭配早餐以满足人体健康的需要幼儿的早餐幼儿正值生长发育的旺盛时期应当注意补充丰富的蛋白质和钙calcium尽量少吃含糖较高的食物以免引起龋齿decayedtooth和肥胖如果在条件许可的情况下幼儿的早餐通常以适量的牛奶鸡蛋和面包为为佳当然也可以用果汁或粥代替牛奶或者用饼干馒头代替面包青少年的早餐青少年时期身体发育较快是肌肉和骨骼生长的重要时期需要足够的钙维生素C维生素A等营养成分尤其是要保证充足的热量供应青少年比较合理的早餐是一杯牛奶适量的新鲜水果或蔬菜100克干点[面包馒头大饼或饼干等含碳水化合物carbohydrate较高的食品]所含的热量要充分满足青少年脑力活动与体力活动的需要中年人的早餐人到中年肩挑工作家务两副重担身心的负荷相当重加上中年时期组织器官的功能和生理功能日渐减退其体力和精力都不如青少年为了减缓中年人衰退的过程推迟老年期的来到除了要保持乐观的思想情绪和进行必要的体育锻炼之外合理地搭配膳食也非常重要中年人的饮食既要含有丰富的蛋白质维生素钙磷phosphorus等还应保证低热量低脂肪并适当地控制碳水化合物的摄入量中年人较理想的早餐是鸡蛋豆浆或粥干点馒头大饼饼干和面包均可和适量的蔬菜老年人的早餐老年人的新陈代谢metabolism已经明显衰退但必需的营养成分不能减少尤其是要保证钙的供应以防止老年人的骨质疏松osteoporosis老年人的早餐除了要有牛奶和豆浆以外还可多吃粥面条肉松和花生酱等既容易消化又含有丰富营养的食物除此之外老年人在早餐时应注意少吃油炸类食品因为这类食物脂肪含量较高胃肠一般难以承受容易出现消化不良并易诱发胆胰疾患或使这类疾病复发加重多次使用的油里往往含有较多的致癌物质如果常吃油炸的食品可增加患癌症的危险老年人还要少吃甜食因为多余的糖在体内转化为脂肪容易引起无机盐缺乏动物内脏类如肝肾脑等胆固醇cholesterol含量甚高老年人如经常食用会使血中胆固醇增高从而容易引发冠心病动脉硬化高血压等心脑血管疾病或使原有的疾病加重
Whenacountryisunder-populatednewcomersarenotcompetitorsbutassistants.Ifmorecometheymayproducenotonlynewquotasbuta1aswell.Insuchastateofthingslandis2andcheap.Thepossessionofit3nopowerorprivilege.Noonewillworkforanotherforwages4hecantakeupnewlandandbehisownmaster.Henceitwillpaynoonetoownmorelandthanhecan5byhisownlabororwithsuchaidashisownfamily6.Henceagainland7littleornorent;therewillbenolandlordslivingonrentandnolaborerslivingon8butonlyamiddleclassofyeomanfarmers自耕农.Allare9onanequalityanddemocracybecomesthepoliticalformbecausethisistheonlystateofsocietyinwhichequalityonwhichdemocracyis10isrealizedasafact.Thesameeffectsarepowerfully11byotherfacts.Inanewandunder-populatedcountrytheindustrieswhicharemostprofitablearetheextractiveindustries.The12ofthesewiththeexceptionofsomekindsofminingisthattheycall13onlyaloworganizationoflaborandsmallamountofcapital.Hencetheyallowtheworkmantobecome14hisownmasterandtheyeducatehimtofreedomindependenceandself15.Atthesametimethesocialgroupsbeingonly16markedofffromeachotheritiseasyto17fromoneclassofoccupationsandconsequentlyfromonesocialgradetoanother.Finallyunderthesamecircumstanceseducationskillandsuperiortraininghavebutinferiorvaluecomparedwithwhattheyhavein18populatedcountries.The19lieinanunder-populatedcountrywiththe20unskilledmanualoccupationsandnotwiththehighestdevelopmentsofscienceliteratureandart. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.11
Itishardtopredicthowscienceisgoingtoturnoutandifitisreallygoodscienceitisimpossibletopredict.Ifthethingstobefoundareactuallynewtheyarebydefinitionunknowninadvance.Youcannotmakechoicesinthismatter.46Youeitherhavescienceoryoudon’tandifyouhaveityouareobligedtoacceptthesurprisinganddisturbingpiecesofinformationalongwiththeneatandpromptlyusefulbits. TheonlysolidpieceofscientifictrothaboutwhichIfeeltotallyconfidentisthatweareprofoundlyignorantaboutnature.IndeedIregardthisasthemajordiscoveryofthepasthundredyearsofbiology.Itisinitswayanilluminatingpieceofnews.47Itwouldhaveamazedthebrightestmindsofthe18thcenturyEnlightenmenttobetoldbyanyofushowlittleweknowandhowbewilderingthewayaheadseems.48Itisthissuddenconfrontationwiththedepthandscopeofignorancethatrepresentsthemostsignificantcontributionofthe20thcenturysciencetothehumanintellect.Inearliertimesweeitherpretendedtounderstandhowthingsworkedorignoredtheproblemorsimplymadeupstoriestofillthegaps.Nowthatwehavebegunexploringinearnestwearegettingglimpsesofhowhugethequestionsareandhowfarfrombeinganswered.Becauseofthiswearedepressed.49Itisnotsobadbeingignorantifyouaretotallyignorant;thehardthingisknowinginsomedetailtherealityofignorancetheworstspotsandhereandtherethenot-so-badsportsbutnottruelightattheendofthetunnelnorevenanytunnelsthatcanyetbetrusted. Butwearemakingabeginningandthereoughttobesomesatisfaction.Thereareprobablynoquestionswecanthinkupthatcan’tbeansweredsoonerorlaterincludingeventhematterofconsciousness.50Tobesuretheremaywellbequestionswecan’tthinkupeverandthereforelimitstothereachofhumanintellectbutthatisanothermatter.Withinourlimitsweshouldbeabletoworkourwaythroughtoallouranswersifwekeepatitlongenoughandpayattention. Itwouldhaveamazedthebrightestmindsofthe18thcenturyEnlightenmenttobetoldbyanyofushowlittleweknowandhowbewilderingthewayaheadseems.
热门题库
更多
国家统考科目
香港法概论
反间谍法
__学
合同法
证据学
民事诉讼法学
民法学
刑法学
消费者权益保护法
法理学
竞争法
国际公法
国际经济法
农村政策法规
行政法与行政诉讼法
湘公网安备 43130202000226号