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设D=(x,y)|x2+y2≤1,则二重积分的值______
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设D={xy∣x2+y2≤x≥0y≥0}[1+x2+y2]表示不超过1+x2+y2的最大整数计算二
计算二重积分 其中D://x2+y2≤4
设积分区域D=|xy|0≤x≤20≤y≤1计算二重积分.
计算二重积分其中D={xy∣x-12+y-12≤2y≥x}
设D={xy{x2+y2≤4二重积分则
I≤-36π
-36π≤I<36π
36π≤I≤100π
I>100π
设C是四分之一圆域x2+y2≤1x≥0y≥0用极坐标计算二重积分sinx2+y2dxdy其值是
A
B
C
D
计算二重积分其中D={xy∣x-12+y-12≤2y≥x}
设积分区域D=xy|1≤x2+y2≤e2则二重积分x2lnx2+y2dσ=______.
设区域D=xy|1≤x≤20≤y≤xx2+y2≥2x求二重积分
计算二重积分[*]其中区域D是由直线x=-2y=0y=2及曲线[*]所围成的平面区域.
设D是由不等式|x|+|y|≤1所确定的有界区域则二重积分|x|dxdy的值是
0
1
2/3
1/3
计算二重积分其中D={xy|≤xy≤1}.
设二元函数计算二重积分其中D=xy||x|+|y|≤2
设D是由不等式|x|+|y|≤1所确定的有界区域则二重积分|x|dxdy的值是
1
2/3
1/3
计算二重积分[*]其中D是由[*]及y=-x所围成的区域
设区域D由曲线y=-x3直线x=1与y=1围成计算二重积分
设D=xy|x2+y2-2y≤0x≤y则二重积分在极坐标下的二次积分为
A
B
C
D
计算二重积分[*]其中积分区域D=xy|0≤x2≤y≤x≤1.
设区域D=xy|x2+y2≤1x≥0计算二重积分
计算二重积分其中D是第一象限内由直线y=0y=x及圆x2+y2=2所围成的区域
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WithU.S.companiessittingonanestimated$1.8trillionincashitraisesthequestion:Whyaren’ttheydeployingmoreoftheirhoardtoexpandtheirbusinessesOronemightchannelJohnMaynardKeynestoask:Wherehavethe"animalspirits"goneAlthoughcapitalspendingintheU.S.isup12percentsincethelowsofearly2009it’sstillrunning$88billionbelowthepeakof$1.34trillionreachedinthefirstquarterof2008saysJosephLaVorgnachiefU.S.economistatDeutscheBank.Hedoesn’texpectcapitalspendingtocatchuptothatpeaklevelandofficiallystarttoexpanduntilthesecondquarterof2011.LaVorgna’sdefinitionofcapitalspendingincludesphysicalequipmentandsoftwarebutnotstructuressuchasnewstoresormanufacturingplants.Spendingonstructuresisabout2percentofgrossdomesticproductone-thirdthesizeofcapitalsending’scontributiontoGDPhesays. "Thetrendandmomentumhavedefinitelyturnedandit’sjustamatteroftimebeforeyouseeothercompaniesgivewaytocapitalspendingandeventuallythatwillresultinhiring"saysLaVorgna.Butwithspendingrunning$88billionbelowpeakhesaysemployment"shouldbefartheralongthanitis."CompaniesthathavebuiltupalotofcasharestartingtotakesomechancessuchasexpandingintonewmarketswhichrequireshiringnewworkerssaysJohnChallengerchiefexecutiveofficerofChallengerGray&Christmasanemploymentconsultingfirm.U.S.companieshaveannouncedthehiringof118209newemployeesthroughAugustaccordingtodatacollectedbythefirm. Sowho’ssteppinguptotheplateSomecompaniesrefusetobecowedandaretakingbigifcalculatedchancesincludingambitiouscapitalprojectshiringnewworkersandexpandedinvestmentinresearchanddevelopmentaccordingtogrowth-orientedmutualfundmanagerscontactedbyBusinessweek.com.Ifthere’sacommondenominatorit’saperceivedopportunityandconfidenceinsustainabledemandwhetherduetonewtrendsintechnologyortonewmarketsthatneedcertainproducts.Othernamescamefromalistofthetop-hiringU.S.companiesthroughJuly2010compiledbyChallengerGray&Christmas. "Wedon’tspendcapitalunlesswehaveanewcontracttosupplyoxygennitrogenorhydrogentoourcustomers"saysJamesSawyerPraxair’schieffinancialofficer."Thoseare15-yearcontractswithminimaltake-or-payclauseswrittenintothemwhichensurewewillgetagoodreturnonourcapitalinvestmentregardlessofhowtherestoftheeconomyisdoing." SomeyoungeroutfitswithentrepreneurialmanagerswhohavelivedthroughafewbusinesscyclesthinktheircompaniesmaybeabletostealamarchoncompetitorsmorereluctanttospendsaysAramGreenmanagerofClearBridgeAdvisorsSmallCapGrowthFund."There’sclearlybeenadecisionbymanagementthat’Thisisnotthetimetotakeourfootofftheaccelerator.Infactit’stimetopushharderandfurtherdistanceourproductfromthecompetition.’ Wecanlearnfromthefirstparagraphthat.
SowhatisdepressionDepressionisoftenmoreaboutangerturned1thanitisaboutsadness.Butit’susually2assadness.Depressioncan3atallagesfromchildhoodtooldageandit’stheUnitedStates’No.14problem. Whensomeoneisdepressedherbehavior5changeandshelosesinterestinactivitiesshe6enjoyedlikesportsmusicfriendships.Thesadnessusuallylastseverydayformostofthedayandfortwoweeksormore. What7depressionA8eventcancertainlybring9depressionbutsomewillsayithappens10aspecificcause.Sohowdoyouknowifyou’rejusthavingabadday11arereallydepressedDepressionaffectsyour12moodsbehaviorandevenyourphysicalhealth.Thesechangesoftengo13orarelabeled14simplyabadcaseoftheblues. Someonewho’struly15depressionwillhave16periodsofcryingspellsfeelingsof17likenotbeingabletochangeyoursituationand18tikeyou’llfeelthiswayforeverirritationoragitation.Adepressedpersonoften19fromothersDepressionseldomgoesawaybyitselfandthegreatest20ofdepressionissuicide.Theriskofsuicideincreasesifthedepressionisn’ttreated. 14
Goingtotheballparkvisitingfriendsandplayingbingoaresimplediversionsformanyofus.Butfortheelderlythesesocialpastimesmayplayacriticalroleinpreservingtheirphysicalandmentalhealth.46Infactanewstudysuggeststhatthelesstimeolderpeoplespendengagedinsocialactivitythefastertheirmotorfunctiontendstodecline.Everybodyintheir60s70sand80siswalkingmoreslowlythantheydidwhentheywere25saysDr.AronBuchmananeurologistattheRushUniversityMedicalCenterinChicagoandleadingauthorofthestudywhichwaspublishedintheJune22ndissueoftheArchivesofInternalMedicine.47Ourstudyshowstheconnectionbetweensocialactivityandmotorfunction--andopensupawholenewuniverseofhowwemightintervene.48Anincreasingbodyofevidencehassuggestedthatparticipatinginmentallystimulatingactivitysocializingfrequentlyandexercisingmayhelpprotectagainstage-relateddecline-atleastcognitivedecline.Asearlyas1995neuroscientistCarlCotmanwhostudiesaginganddementiaattheUniversityofCaliforniaatIrvinepublishedapaperinNatureshowingthatphysicalexerciseproducesaproteinthathelpskeepneuronsfromdyingandspurstheformationofnewneuralconnectionsinthebrain.49MorerecentlyCotmandemonstratedinstudiesofelderlydogsandmicethatenrichingtheirsocialenvironmentisassociatedwithimprovementinbrainfunction.Researchersarealsofindingthatsocialactivitymaybelinkedtothesameprotectiveeffectinpeople.Arecentstudyof2500adultsages70to79publishedinthejournalNeurologyfoundthatthosewhowereabletostaymentallysharpwerealsothosewhoexercisedonceaweekormorehadatleastaninthgradeliteracylevelandweresociallyactive.Whilefurtherresearchneedstobedonetoestablishtheexactimpactofsocialactivityandexerciseonspecificage-relateddeclines50it’slikelythatareductioninsocialactivitymaysimplybeasymptomofphysicaldeclinesincepeoplemaynaturallywithdrawfromsocialengagementastheylosemotorskills-mostresearcherswouldagreethatitisnotunreasonabletoencourageseniorstogetouttheremore.Only10%ofpeopleover65gettherecommendedamountofexerciseatleast2.5to5hoursaweekandgiventhatseniorsalreadytendtobemoresociallyisolatedthanyoungeradultsit’sdifficulttomotivatethemtobecomemoreactive.IfyouarealoneyouarelesslikelytofollowrecommendationsnotesVerghese.ItmighthelpthoughifyouvisitGrandmamoreoftenandletherknowthataregularpastimemayjusthelpherstayfitterandsharperlonger.
EveryonehasheardoftheSanAndreasfaultwhichconstantlythreatensCaliforniaandtheWestCoastwithearth-quakes.ButhowmanypeopleknowabouttheequallyseriousNewMadridfaultinMissouri.’BetweenDecemberof1811andFebruaryof1812threemajorearthquakesoccurredallcenteredaroundthetownofNewMadridMissouriontheMississippiRiver.Propertydamagewassevere.Buildingsintheareawerealmostdestoyed.Wholeforestsfellatonceandhugecracksopenedinthegroundallowingsmellofsulfurtofilterupward.TheMississippiRiveritselfcompletelychangedcharacterdevelopingsuddenrapidsandwhirlpools.Severaltimesitchangeditscourseandonceaccordingtosomeobserversitactuallyappearedtorunbackwards.FewpeoplewerekilledintheNewMadridearthquakesprobablysimplybecausefewpeoplelivedintheareain1811;buttheseverityoftheearth-quakesareshownbythefactthattheshockwavesrangbellsinchurchtowersinCharlestonSouthCarolinaonthecoast.BuildingsshookinNewYorkCityandclockswerestoppedinWashingtonD.C.ScientistsnowknowthatAmerica’stwomajorfaultsareessentiallydifferent.TheSanAndreasisahorizontalboundarybetweentwomajorlandmassesthatareslowlymovinginoppositedirections.Californiaearthquakesresultwhenthemovementofthesetwomassessuddenlylurchesforward.TheNewMadridfaultontheotherhandisaverticalfault;atsomepointpossiblyhundredsofmillionsofyearsagorockwaspusheduptowardthesurfaceprobablybyvolcanoesunderthesurface.Suddenlythevolcanoescooledandtherockcollapsedleavinghugecracks.Evennow’therockcontinuestosettledownwardsandsuddensinkingmotionstriggerearthquakesintheregion.ThefaultitselfalargecrackinthislayerofrockwithdozensofothercracksthatsplitofffromitextendsfromnortheastArkansasthroughMissouriandintosouthernIllinois.ScientistswhohavestudiedtheNewMadridfaultsaytherehavebeennumeroussmallerquakesintheareasince1811;thesesmallerquakesindicatethatlargeronesareprobablycomingbutritescientistssaytheyhavenomethodofpredictingwhenalargeearthquakewilloccur.Thispassageimpliesthat______.
[A]Amillionairemaydescribehisjust-rightwifeascharmingbeautifulsexyintelligentandwelldeveloped.Ontheotherhandapoormanmaydefinehisjust-rightwifeaspleasingattractivedesirableknowledgeableandshapely.Bothmendescribetheirjust-rightwifewiththegamephysicalqualitiesbutusedifferentwords.Themillionaire’sdefinitionofthejust-rightwifeismoreelegantwhereasthepoorman’sdefinitionisamorecommoneverydaydescription.[B]Menfromallnationalitiesalsohavetheirdefinitionofthejust-rightwife.Forexample;theItalianmandescribeshiswifeasawomanwhostandssixfeetone-inchtallwithblondehairandblueeyesandwhoiswelldevelopedintheupperportionofherbody.OntheotherbandtheFrenchmanmaydescribehisidealwifeasawomanwhostandsonlyfivefeetthreeincheswithbrownhairandgreeneyesandwhoismoderatelybuilt.[C]Ontheotherhandthefatmandefineshisjust-rightwifeasawomanwhogetsupateighto’clockinthemorningtakesthechildrentoMcDonald’sforbreakfastanddropsthemoffatschool.Thenshecomesbackhomeandliesonthecouchwatchingsoapoperasalldaychildren’havetowalkhomefromschoolintheafternoon.Whentheyarriveathomesheinstructsthemtocleanthehousedothelaundryandfixsomehotdogsfordinner.Bothmendefinetheirjust-rightwifewithqualitiesthattheyadmirebythemselves.[D]Althoughsomemendefinethejustfightwifebyherphysicalqualitiesothermendescribetheirjust-fightwifeasawomanwholovestofishtocamptohuntandtowaterskiwhereastheinsidesportsmanmaydefinehisjust-fightwifeasawomanwhoenjoyswatchingfootballbasketballbaseballandwrestling.Bothofthesemendefinetheirjust-rightwifebyhersportsqualitiesbutintwodifferentatmospheres.[E]Stillthereareothermenwhohavetheirowndefinitionsofthejust-rightwife.Forinstanceconsiderthefitmanandthefatman.Thefitmanmaydescribehisjust-rightwifeasawomanwhogetsupeveryworkdaymorningatsixo’clockandrunstwoorthreemiles.Afterrunningshepreparesbreakfastwashesthedishestakesthechildrentoschoolandthengoestowork.Afterworkshearrivesathomewashesacoupleloadsoflaundrygoestoexerciseclasspicksupthechildrenfromschoolonherwayhomeandthencooksdinner.Afterdinnershedeansthekitchenbathesthechildrenandputsthemtobed.[F]Inadditiontothesemen’sdefinitionsofthejust-rightwifethebacheloralsohasadefinition.Hesaysthatthejust-fightwifeissomeoneelse’swife.Hepicksherupinabartakeshertohishouseandtakeshernameinthemorning.Thebachelorhasnorealdefinitionofthejust-fightwife.Thatiswhyheisstillabachelor.[G]Foryearsmenandwomenhavebeengettingmarried.Theysaytheirweddingvowswhichbringthemtogetherasone.Theypromisetoloveandcherisheachotheruntildeathdothempart.Whenamanandawomangetmarrieditisoneofthebiggestdecisionstheywillmakeinlife.Amanmayselectawomanbecauseheinhisowneyesseesherasthejust-rightwifeforhim.Everymanhashisowndefinitionofwhatthejust-rightwifeis.Forinstancethemillionairemanandthepoormanbothmaydefinetheirjust-rightwifeaccordingtoherphysicalqualities.
Indiahasaboutabillionpeopleandadozenmajorlanguagesofitsown.Onelanguageandonlyoneisunderstood-bytheelite-acrossthecountry:thatoftheforeignerswhoruledIndiaforlessthan200yearsandleft52yearsago. TodayIndia.Tomorrowunofficiallytheworld.Thatiswellunderway;atfirstbecausetheBritishnotonlybuiltglobalempirebutalsoitwassettledbyAmericaandnowbecausetheworldandnotablyAmericahasacquireditsfirsttrulyglobal--andinteractive--mediumtheInternet. Itisestimatedthatsome350millionpeoplespeakEnglishastheirfirstlanguage.Maybe250-350milliondoorcanuseitasasecondlanguage;inexcolonialcountriesnotablyorinEnglish--majorityoneslike30millionrecentlyimmigrantstotheUnitedStatesorCanada’s6millionfrancophoneQuebeckers.Andelsewhere.’Theguessis100million--1billiondependinghowyoudefine"can".Letusbehold:inall20-25%ofearth’s6billionpeoplecanuseEnglish;nottheEnglishofEnglandletaloneofDr.JohnsonbutEnglish. Thatnumberissoaringaseachyearbringsnewpupilstoschoolandcarriesofmonolingualoldies--andnowastheInternetspreads.Andtheprocessisself-reinforcing.AsbusinessspreadsacrossfrontiersthecompanythatwantstomoveitsexecutivesaroundandtopromotethebestofthemregardlessofnationalityencouragestheusesofEnglish.Sotheexecutivewhowantstobeintheframeor’tomovetoanotheremployerlearnstouseit.Englishhaslongdominatedlearnedjournals:GermanRussianorFrenchdependingonthefieldmaybeusefultotheirexpertreadersbutEnglishisessential.Soifyouwantyourownworkpublished--andwidelyreadbyyourpeers--thenEnglishisthelanguageofchoice. Thegrowthofthecinemaandstillmoresooftelevisionhasspreadthedominantlanguage.Foreignmoviesorsitcomsmaybedubbedintomajorlanguagesbutforsmalleraudiencestheyareusuallysubtitled.Result:aDutchorDanishorevenArabfamilyhasanaudio-visuallearningaidinitsliving-roomandusuallythelanguagespokenon-screenisEnglish. ThebirthofthecomputeranditsAmericanoperatingsystemsgaveEnglishanudgeahead:thatoftheInternethasgivenitahugepush.Anyweb-linkedhouseholdtodayhasalibraryofinformationavailableattheclickofamouse.Andunlikethebooksonitsownshelvesorinthepubliclibrarymaybefour-fifthsiswritteninEnglish.Thatproportionmaylessenasmorenon-Englishsitesspringup.ButEnglishwillsurelydominate. Foreignmovieswon’tbedubbedintomajorlanguagewhen
WithU.S.companiessittingonanestimated$1.8trillionincashitraisesthequestion:Whyaren’ttheydeployingmoreoftheirhoardtoexpandtheirbusinessesOronemightchannelJohnMaynardKeynestoask:Wherehavethe"animalspirits"goneAlthoughcapitalspendingintheU.S.isup12percentsincethelowsofearly2009it’sstillrunning$88billionbelowthepeakof$1.34trillionreachedinthefirstquarterof2008saysJosephLaVorgnachiefU.S.economistatDeutscheBank.Hedoesn’texpectcapitalspendingtocatchuptothatpeaklevelandofficiallystarttoexpanduntilthesecondquarterof2011.LaVorgna’sdefinitionofcapitalspendingincludesphysicalequipmentandsoftwarebutnotstructuressuchasnewstoresormanufacturingplants.Spendingonstructuresisabout2percentofgrossdomesticproductone-thirdthesizeofcapitalsending’scontributiontoGDPhesays. "Thetrendandmomentumhavedefinitelyturnedandit’sjustamatteroftimebeforeyouseeothercompaniesgivewaytocapitalspendingandeventuallythatwillresultinhiring"saysLaVorgna.Butwithspendingrunning$88billionbelowpeakhesaysemployment"shouldbefartheralongthanitis."CompaniesthathavebuiltupalotofcasharestartingtotakesomechancessuchasexpandingintonewmarketswhichrequireshiringnewworkerssaysJohnChallengerchiefexecutiveofficerofChallengerGray&Christmasanemploymentconsultingfirm.U.S.companieshaveannouncedthehiringof118209newemployeesthroughAugustaccordingtodatacollectedbythefirm. Sowho’ssteppinguptotheplateSomecompaniesrefusetobecowedandaretakingbigifcalculatedchancesincludingambitiouscapitalprojectshiringnewworkersandexpandedinvestmentinresearchanddevelopmentaccordingtogrowth-orientedmutualfundmanagerscontactedbyBusinessweek.com.Ifthere’sacommondenominatorit’saperceivedopportunityandconfidenceinsustainabledemandwhetherduetonewtrendsintechnologyortonewmarketsthatneedcertainproducts.Othernamescamefromalistofthetop-hiringU.S.companiesthroughJuly2010compiledbyChallengerGray&Christmas. "Wedon’tspendcapitalunlesswehaveanewcontracttosupplyoxygennitrogenorhydrogentoourcustomers"saysJamesSawyerPraxair’schieffinancialofficer."Thoseare15-yearcontractswithminimaltake-or-payclauseswrittenintothemwhichensurewewillgetagoodreturnonourcapitalinvestmentregardlessofhowtherestoftheeconomyisdoing." SomeyoungeroutfitswithentrepreneurialmanagerswhohavelivedthroughafewbusinesscyclesthinktheircompaniesmaybeabletostealamarchoncompetitorsmorereluctanttospendsaysAramGreenmanagerofClearBridgeAdvisorsSmallCapGrowthFund."There’sclearlybeenadecisionbymanagementthat’Thisisnotthetimetotakeourfootofftheaccelerator.Infactit’stimetopushharderandfurtherdistanceourproductfromthecompetition.’ Whichofthefollowingcouldbestsummarizethepassage
Thatrapscallionwholeapsoffthemonkeybarslandingsmackontoaninnocent3-year-oldbystanderandskipsoffgigglingallthewhileAccordingtoanewpaperoutofIsraelhemaynotfeelallthatbadabouttheincident.ThestudyconductedbyDr.InbalKivensonBar-OnattheUniversityofHaifashowsthathighlevelsoffearlessnessin3-and4-year-oldsisstronglyassociatedwithaggressionandalackofsympathy.Thisnewswilllikelysurpriserisk-lovingAmericawhereparentstypicallybeamwithpridewhentheirundauntedchildmountsthebigslide. Fearlessnessisafar-endpointonthespectrumofwhatpsychologistscallthe"approachandwithdrawaldimension"—people’stendencytoapproachnewstimulitogaininformationandacquirenewskillsandwithdrawfromunfamiliarstimulitoavoiddanger.Strikingtherightbalanceisconsideredcrucialtoman’ssurvival.Butwhataboutpreschoolers’There’sacleardownsideDr.KivensonBar-Ondiscoveredaftersheobservedlotsofpreschoolplayandmachinations.Intotalshedocumented80childrenatpreschoolhomeandinthelabmeasuringtheirpropensityforfearlessnessandothersocialandemotionalcharacteristicsatthebeginningandendofoneyear.Fearlessnesswasmeasuredbyobservingreactionstovariousfright-inducingsituations:separationfromparentstheroarofavacuumcleanerajack-in-the-boxandthelike.Thosewhodisplayedgreaterlevelsoffearlessnessthestudyfoundhadnotroublerecognizingfacialexpressionsofangersurprisehappinessandsadnessinotherchildren—buttheyhadahardtimeidentifyingfear. Overalltheywere"emotionallyshallow"andshowedlowerlevelsofsympathy.Theytookadvantageoffriendsandlackedregretoverinappropriateconduct."Thesefindings"thepaperexplains"suggestthatfearlessnessinpreschoolconstitutesaclearriskfactorfordevelopmentalpathwaysthatleadtoproblemsinmoralityconsciencedevelopmentandsevereantisocialbehaviors."Atthesametimefearlesschildrentendedtobehighlysociable."Oneofthemostinterestingfindingswasthatwecoulddiscriminatebetweenfriendlinessandsympathy"Dr.KivensonBar-Onsaid."Thesekidsarecuriouseasygoingandfriendlybuttheyhaveahardtimerecognizingemotionaldistressinothers." JamieOstrovapsychologyprofessorattheStateUniversityatBuffalowhostudiesaggressionsaysthatchildrenattheextremeendofthefearlessspectrurn"maybecharmingbutthey’realsohighlymanipulativeanddeceptiveandskilledatgettingtheirway—evenatage3or4."Itcouldbethatfearlesschildrenneedstrongerdistresscuestoactivetheirautonomicnervoussystemslimitingtheirabilitytodetectdistresscuesinothers.ItseemstobeifI’mnotworriedaboutthisyoucan’tbeeither.Butshouldwebe Accordingtothesecondparagraphwemayknow
SowhatisdepressionDepressionisoftenmoreaboutangerturned1thanitisaboutsadness.Butit’susually2assadness.Depressioncan3atallagesfromchildhoodtooldageandit’stheUnitedStates’No.14problem. Whensomeoneisdepressedherbehavior5changeandshelosesinterestinactivitiesshe6enjoyedlikesportsmusicfriendships.Thesadnessusuallylastseverydayformostofthedayandfortwoweeksormore. What7depressionA8eventcancertainlybring9depressionbutsomewillsayithappens10aspecificcause.Sohowdoyouknowifyou’rejusthavingabadday11arereallydepressedDepressionaffectsyour12moodsbehaviorandevenyourphysicalhealth.Thesechangesoftengo13orarelabeled14simplyabadcaseoftheblues. Someonewho’struly15depressionwillhave16periodsofcryingspellsfeelingsof17likenotbeingabletochangeyoursituationand18tikeyou’llfeelthiswayforeverirritationoragitation.Adepressedpersonoften19fromothersDepressionseldomgoesawaybyitselfandthegreatest20ofdepressionissuicide.Theriskofsuicideincreasesifthedepressionisn’ttreated. 2
SowhatisdepressionDepressionisoftenmoreaboutangerturned1thanitisaboutsadness.Butit’susually2assadness.Depressioncan3atallagesfromchildhoodtooldageandit’stheUnitedStates’No.14problem. Whensomeoneisdepressedherbehavior5changeandshelosesinterestinactivitiesshe6enjoyedlikesportsmusicfriendships.Thesadnessusuallylastseverydayformostofthedayandfortwoweeksormore. What7depressionA8eventcancertainlybring9depressionbutsomewillsayithappens10aspecificcause.Sohowdoyouknowifyou’rejusthavingabadday11arereallydepressedDepressionaffectsyour12moodsbehaviorandevenyourphysicalhealth.Thesechangesoftengo13orarelabeled14simplyabadcaseoftheblues. Someonewho’struly15depressionwillhave16periodsofcryingspellsfeelingsof17likenotbeingabletochangeyoursituationand18tikeyou’llfeelthiswayforeverirritationoragitation.Adepressedpersonoften19fromothersDepressionseldomgoesawaybyitselfandthegreatest20ofdepressionissuicide.Theriskofsuicideincreasesifthedepressionisn’ttreated. 10
Goingtotheballparkvisitingfriendsandplayingbingoaresimplediversionsformanyofus.Butfortheelderlythesesocialpastimesmayplayacriticalroleinpreservingtheirphysicalandmentalhealth.46Infactanewstudysuggeststhatthelesstimeolderpeoplespendengagedinsocialactivitythefastertheirmotorfunctiontendstodecline.Everybodyintheir60s70sand80siswalkingmoreslowlythantheydidwhentheywere25saysDr.AronBuchmananeurologistattheRushUniversityMedicalCenterinChicagoandleadingauthorofthestudywhichwaspublishedintheJune22ndissueoftheArchivesofInternalMedicine.47Ourstudyshowstheconnectionbetweensocialactivityandmotorfunction--andopensupawholenewuniverseofhowwemightintervene.48Anincreasingbodyofevidencehassuggestedthatparticipatinginmentallystimulatingactivitysocializingfrequentlyandexercisingmayhelpprotectagainstage-relateddecline-atleastcognitivedecline.Asearlyas1995neuroscientistCarlCotmanwhostudiesaginganddementiaattheUniversityofCaliforniaatIrvinepublishedapaperinNatureshowingthatphysicalexerciseproducesaproteinthathelpskeepneuronsfromdyingandspurstheformationofnewneuralconnectionsinthebrain.49MorerecentlyCotmandemonstratedinstudiesofelderlydogsandmicethatenrichingtheirsocialenvironmentisassociatedwithimprovementinbrainfunction.Researchersarealsofindingthatsocialactivitymaybelinkedtothesameprotectiveeffectinpeople.Arecentstudyof2500adultsages70to79publishedinthejournalNeurologyfoundthatthosewhowereabletostaymentallysharpwerealsothosewhoexercisedonceaweekormorehadatleastaninthgradeliteracylevelandweresociallyactive.Whilefurtherresearchneedstobedonetoestablishtheexactimpactofsocialactivityandexerciseonspecificage-relateddeclines50it’slikelythatareductioninsocialactivitymaysimplybeasymptomofphysicaldeclinesincepeoplemaynaturallywithdrawfromsocialengagementastheylosemotorskills-mostresearcherswouldagreethatitisnotunreasonabletoencourageseniorstogetouttheremore.Only10%ofpeopleover65gettherecommendedamountofexerciseatleast2.5to5hoursaweekandgiventhatseniorsalreadytendtobemoresociallyisolatedthanyoungeradultsit’sdifficulttomotivatethemtobecomemoreactive.IfyouarealoneyouarelesslikelytofollowrecommendationsnotesVerghese.ItmighthelpthoughifyouvisitGrandmamoreoftenandletherknowthataregularpastimemayjusthelpherstayfitterandsharperlonger.
Thatrapscallionwholeapsoffthemonkeybarslandingsmackontoaninnocent3-year-oldbystanderandskipsoffgigglingallthewhileAccordingtoanewpaperoutofIsraelhemaynotfeelallthatbadabouttheincident.ThestudyconductedbyDr.InbalKivensonBar-OnattheUniversityofHaifashowsthathighlevelsoffearlessnessin3-and4-year-oldsisstronglyassociatedwithaggressionandalackofsympathy.Thisnewswilllikelysurpriserisk-lovingAmericawhereparentstypicallybeamwithpridewhentheirundauntedchildmountsthebigslide. Fearlessnessisafar-endpointonthespectrumofwhatpsychologistscallthe"approachandwithdrawaldimension"—people’stendencytoapproachnewstimulitogaininformationandacquirenewskillsandwithdrawfromunfamiliarstimulitoavoiddanger.Strikingtherightbalanceisconsideredcrucialtoman’ssurvival.Butwhataboutpreschoolers’There’sacleardownsideDr.KivensonBar-Ondiscoveredaftersheobservedlotsofpreschoolplayandmachinations.Intotalshedocumented80childrenatpreschoolhomeandinthelabmeasuringtheirpropensityforfearlessnessandothersocialandemotionalcharacteristicsatthebeginningandendofoneyear.Fearlessnesswasmeasuredbyobservingreactionstovariousfright-inducingsituations:separationfromparentstheroarofavacuumcleanerajack-in-the-boxandthelike.Thosewhodisplayedgreaterlevelsoffearlessnessthestudyfoundhadnotroublerecognizingfacialexpressionsofangersurprisehappinessandsadnessinotherchildren—buttheyhadahardtimeidentifyingfear. Overalltheywere"emotionallyshallow"andshowedlowerlevelsofsympathy.Theytookadvantageoffriendsandlackedregretoverinappropriateconduct."Thesefindings"thepaperexplains"suggestthatfearlessnessinpreschoolconstitutesaclearriskfactorfordevelopmentalpathwaysthatleadtoproblemsinmoralityconsciencedevelopmentandsevereantisocialbehaviors."Atthesametimefearlesschildrentendedtobehighlysociable."Oneofthemostinterestingfindingswasthatwecoulddiscriminatebetweenfriendlinessandsympathy"Dr.KivensonBar-Onsaid."Thesekidsarecuriouseasygoingandfriendlybuttheyhaveahardtimerecognizingemotionaldistressinothers." JamieOstrovapsychologyprofessorattheStateUniversityatBuffalowhostudiesaggressionsaysthatchildrenattheextremeendofthefearlessspectrurn"maybecharmingbutthey’realsohighlymanipulativeanddeceptiveandskilledatgettingtheirway—evenatage3or4."Itcouldbethatfearlesschildrenneedstrongerdistresscuestoactivetheirautonomicnervoussystemslimitingtheirabilitytodetectdistresscuesinothers.ItseemstobeifI’mnotworriedaboutthisyoucan’tbeeither.Butshouldwebe Theexampleofthefirstparagraphisto
Thatrapscallionwholeapsoffthemonkeybarslandingsmackontoaninnocent3-year-oldbystanderandskipsoffgigglingallthewhileAccordingtoanewpaperoutofIsraelhemaynotfeelallthatbadabouttheincident.ThestudyconductedbyDr.InbalKivensonBar-OnattheUniversityofHaifashowsthathighlevelsoffearlessnessin3-and4-year-oldsisstronglyassociatedwithaggressionandalackofsympathy.Thisnewswilllikelysurpriserisk-lovingAmericawhereparentstypicallybeamwithpridewhentheirundauntedchildmountsthebigslide. Fearlessnessisafar-endpointonthespectrumofwhatpsychologistscallthe"approachandwithdrawaldimension"—people’stendencytoapproachnewstimulitogaininformationandacquirenewskillsandwithdrawfromunfamiliarstimulitoavoiddanger.Strikingtherightbalanceisconsideredcrucialtoman’ssurvival.Butwhataboutpreschoolers’There’sacleardownsideDr.KivensonBar-Ondiscoveredaftersheobservedlotsofpreschoolplayandmachinations.Intotalshedocumented80childrenatpreschoolhomeandinthelabmeasuringtheirpropensityforfearlessnessandothersocialandemotionalcharacteristicsatthebeginningandendofoneyear.Fearlessnesswasmeasuredbyobservingreactionstovariousfright-inducingsituations:separationfromparentstheroarofavacuumcleanerajack-in-the-boxandthelike.Thosewhodisplayedgreaterlevelsoffearlessnessthestudyfoundhadnotroublerecognizingfacialexpressionsofangersurprisehappinessandsadnessinotherchildren—buttheyhadahardtimeidentifyingfear. Overalltheywere"emotionallyshallow"andshowedlowerlevelsofsympathy.Theytookadvantageoffriendsandlackedregretoverinappropriateconduct."Thesefindings"thepaperexplains"suggestthatfearlessnessinpreschoolconstitutesaclearriskfactorfordevelopmentalpathwaysthatleadtoproblemsinmoralityconsciencedevelopmentandsevereantisocialbehaviors."Atthesametimefearlesschildrentendedtobehighlysociable."Oneofthemostinterestingfindingswasthatwecoulddiscriminatebetweenfriendlinessandsympathy"Dr.KivensonBar-Onsaid."Thesekidsarecuriouseasygoingandfriendlybuttheyhaveahardtimerecognizingemotionaldistressinothers." JamieOstrovapsychologyprofessorattheStateUniversityatBuffalowhostudiesaggressionsaysthatchildrenattheextremeendofthefearlessspectrurn"maybecharmingbutthey’realsohighlymanipulativeanddeceptiveandskilledatgettingtheirway—evenatage3or4."Itcouldbethatfearlesschildrenneedstrongerdistresscuestoactivetheirautonomicnervoussystemslimitingtheirabilitytodetectdistresscuesinothers.ItseemstobeifI’mnotworriedaboutthisyoucan’tbeeither.Butshouldwebe Thefearlesschildrenarenoteasytoperceiveothers’sadmoodbecause
SowhatisdepressionDepressionisoftenmoreaboutangerturned1thanitisaboutsadness.Butit’susually2assadness.Depressioncan3atallagesfromchildhoodtooldageandit’stheUnitedStates’No.14problem. Whensomeoneisdepressedherbehavior5changeandshelosesinterestinactivitiesshe6enjoyedlikesportsmusicfriendships.Thesadnessusuallylastseverydayformostofthedayandfortwoweeksormore. What7depressionA8eventcancertainlybring9depressionbutsomewillsayithappens10aspecificcause.Sohowdoyouknowifyou’rejusthavingabadday11arereallydepressedDepressionaffectsyour12moodsbehaviorandevenyourphysicalhealth.Thesechangesoftengo13orarelabeled14simplyabadcaseoftheblues. Someonewho’struly15depressionwillhave16periodsofcryingspellsfeelingsof17likenotbeingabletochangeyoursituationand18tikeyou’llfeelthiswayforeverirritationoragitation.Adepressedpersonoften19fromothersDepressionseldomgoesawaybyitselfandthegreatest20ofdepressionissuicide.Theriskofsuicideincreasesifthedepressionisn’ttreated. 8
[A]Amillionairemaydescribehisjust-rightwifeascharmingbeautifulsexyintelligentandwelldeveloped.Ontheotherhandapoormanmaydefinehisjust-rightwifeaspleasingattractivedesirableknowledgeableandshapely.Bothmendescribetheirjust-rightwifewiththegamephysicalqualitiesbutusedifferentwords.Themillionaire’sdefinitionofthejust-rightwifeismoreelegantwhereasthepoorman’sdefinitionisamorecommoneverydaydescription.[B]Menfromallnationalitiesalsohavetheirdefinitionofthejust-rightwife.Forexample;theItalianmandescribeshiswifeasawomanwhostandssixfeetone-inchtallwithblondehairandblueeyesandwhoiswelldevelopedintheupperportionofherbody.OntheotherbandtheFrenchmanmaydescribehisidealwifeasawomanwhostandsonlyfivefeetthreeincheswithbrownhairandgreeneyesandwhoismoderatelybuilt.[C]Ontheotherhandthefatmandefineshisjust-rightwifeasawomanwhogetsupateighto’clockinthemorningtakesthechildrentoMcDonald’sforbreakfastanddropsthemoffatschool.Thenshecomesbackhomeandliesonthecouchwatchingsoapoperasalldaychildren’havetowalkhomefromschoolintheafternoon.Whentheyarriveathomesheinstructsthemtocleanthehousedothelaundryandfixsomehotdogsfordinner.Bothmendefinetheirjust-rightwifewithqualitiesthattheyadmirebythemselves.[D]Althoughsomemendefinethejustfightwifebyherphysicalqualitiesothermendescribetheirjust-fightwifeasawomanwholovestofishtocamptohuntandtowaterskiwhereastheinsidesportsmanmaydefinehisjust-fightwifeasawomanwhoenjoyswatchingfootballbasketballbaseballandwrestling.Bothofthesemendefinetheirjust-rightwifebyhersportsqualitiesbutintwodifferentatmospheres.[E]Stillthereareothermenwhohavetheirowndefinitionsofthejust-rightwife.Forinstanceconsiderthefitmanandthefatman.Thefitmanmaydescribehisjust-rightwifeasawomanwhogetsupeveryworkdaymorningatsixo’clockandrunstwoorthreemiles.Afterrunningshepreparesbreakfastwashesthedishestakesthechildrentoschoolandthengoestowork.Afterworkshearrivesathomewashesacoupleloadsoflaundrygoestoexerciseclasspicksupthechildrenfromschoolonherwayhomeandthencooksdinner.Afterdinnershedeansthekitchenbathesthechildrenandputsthemtobed.[F]Inadditiontothesemen’sdefinitionsofthejust-rightwifethebacheloralsohasadefinition.Hesaysthatthejust-fightwifeissomeoneelse’swife.Hepicksherupinabartakeshertohishouseandtakeshernameinthemorning.Thebachelorhasnorealdefinitionofthejust-fightwife.Thatiswhyheisstillabachelor.[G]Foryearsmenandwomenhavebeengettingmarried.Theysaytheirweddingvowswhichbringthemtogetherasone.Theypromisetoloveandcherisheachotheruntildeathdothempart.Whenamanandawomangetmarrieditisoneofthebiggestdecisionstheywillmakeinlife.Amanmayselectawomanbecauseheinhisowneyesseesherasthejust-rightwifeforhim.Everymanhashisowndefinitionofwhatthejust-rightwifeis.Forinstancethemillionairemanandthepoormanbothmaydefinetheirjust-rightwifeaccordingtoherphysicalqualities.
Thesimpleactofsurrenderingatelephonenumbertoastoreclerkmayseeminnocuous—somuchsothatmanyconsumersdoitwithnoquestionsasked.Yetthatoneactioncansetinmotionacascadeofsilenteventsasthatdatapointisacquiredanalyzedcategorizedstoredandsoldoverandoveragain.Futureattacksonyourprivacymaycomefromanywherefromanyonewithmoneytopurchasethatphonenumberyousurrendered.Ifyoudoubtthemultipliereffectconsideryoure-mailinbox.Ifit’sloadedwithspamit’sundoubtedlybecauseatsomepointintimeyouunknowinglysurrenderedyoure-mailtothewrongWebsite. DoyouthinkyourtelephonenumberoraddressarehandleddifferentlyAcottageindustryofsmallcompanieswithnamesyou’veprobablyneverheardof—likeAcxiomorMerlin—buyandsellyourpersonalinformationthewayothercommoditieslikecornorcattlefuturesarebartered.Youmaythinkyourcellphoneisunlistedbutifyou’veeverorderedapizzaitmightnotbe.Merlinisoneofmanycommercialdatabrokersthatadvertisessaleofunlistedphonenumberscompiledfromvarioussources—includingpizzadeliverycompanies.Theseunintendedunpredictableconsequencesthatflowfromsimpleactionsmakeprivacyissuesdifficulttograspandgrapplewith. Inalargersenseprivacyalsoisoftencastasataleof"BigBrother"—thegovernmentiswatchingyouorabigcorporationiswatchingyou.Butprivacyissuesdon’tnecessarilyinvolvelargefacelessinstitutions:Aspousetakesacasualglanceatherhusband’sBlackberryaco-workerlooksate-mailoveryourshoulderorafriendglancesatacellphonetextmessagefromthenextseatonthebus.Whileverylittleofthisisnewstoanyone—peoplearenowwellawaretherearevideocamerasandInternetcookieseverywhere—thereisabundantevidencethatpeoplelivetheirlivesignorantofthemonitoringassumingamythicallevelofprivacy.Peoplewritee-mailsandtypeinstantmessagestheyneverexpectanyonetosee.JustaskMarkFoleyorevenBillGateswhosee-mailswereacornerstoneoftheJusticeDepartment’santitrustcaseagainstMicrosoft. AndpollsandstudieshaverepeatedlyshownthatAmericansareindifferenttoprivacyconcerns.Thegeneraldefenseforsuchindifferenceissummedupasinglephrase:"Ihavenothingtohide."Ifyouhavenothingtohidewhyshouldn’tthegovernmentbeabletopeekatyourphonerecordsyourwifeseeyoure-mailoracompanysendyoujunkmailIt’sapowerfulargumentonethatprivacyadvocatesspendconsiderabletimediscussingandstrategizingover. Itishardtodenyhoweverthatpeoplebehavedifferentwhenthey’rebeingwatched.AnditisalsoimpossibletodenythatAmericansarenowbeingwatchedmorethanatanytimeinhistory. CompanieslikeAcxiomorMerlin
SowhatisdepressionDepressionisoftenmoreaboutangerturned1thanitisaboutsadness.Butit’susually2assadness.Depressioncan3atallagesfromchildhoodtooldageandit’stheUnitedStates’No.14problem. Whensomeoneisdepressedherbehavior5changeandshelosesinterestinactivitiesshe6enjoyedlikesportsmusicfriendships.Thesadnessusuallylastseverydayformostofthedayandfortwoweeksormore. What7depressionA8eventcancertainlybring9depressionbutsomewillsayithappens10aspecificcause.Sohowdoyouknowifyou’rejusthavingabadday11arereallydepressedDepressionaffectsyour12moodsbehaviorandevenyourphysicalhealth.Thesechangesoftengo13orarelabeled14simplyabadcaseoftheblues. Someonewho’struly15depressionwillhave16periodsofcryingspellsfeelingsof17likenotbeingabletochangeyoursituationand18tikeyou’llfeelthiswayforeverirritationoragitation.Adepressedpersonoften19fromothersDepressionseldomgoesawaybyitselfandthegreatest20ofdepressionissuicide.Theriskofsuicideincreasesifthedepressionisn’ttreated. 16
EveryonehasheardoftheSanAndreasfaultwhichconstantlythreatensCaliforniaandtheWestCoastwithearth-quakes.ButhowmanypeopleknowabouttheequallyseriousNewMadridfaultinMissouri.’BetweenDecemberof1811andFebruaryof1812threemajorearthquakesoccurredallcenteredaroundthetownofNewMadridMissouriontheMississippiRiver.Propertydamagewassevere.Buildingsintheareawerealmostdestoyed.Wholeforestsfellatonceandhugecracksopenedinthegroundallowingsmellofsulfurtofilterupward.TheMississippiRiveritselfcompletelychangedcharacterdevelopingsuddenrapidsandwhirlpools.Severaltimesitchangeditscourseandonceaccordingtosomeobserversitactuallyappearedtorunbackwards.FewpeoplewerekilledintheNewMadridearthquakesprobablysimplybecausefewpeoplelivedintheareain1811;buttheseverityoftheearth-quakesareshownbythefactthattheshockwavesrangbellsinchurchtowersinCharlestonSouthCarolinaonthecoast.BuildingsshookinNewYorkCityandclockswerestoppedinWashingtonD.C.ScientistsnowknowthatAmerica’stwomajorfaultsareessentiallydifferent.TheSanAndreasisahorizontalboundarybetweentwomajorlandmassesthatareslowlymovinginoppositedirections.Californiaearthquakesresultwhenthemovementofthesetwomassessuddenlylurchesforward.TheNewMadridfaultontheotherhandisaverticalfault;atsomepointpossiblyhundredsofmillionsofyearsagorockwaspusheduptowardthesurfaceprobablybyvolcanoesunderthesurface.Suddenlythevolcanoescooledandtherockcollapsedleavinghugecracks.Evennow’therockcontinuestosettledownwardsandsuddensinkingmotionstriggerearthquakesintheregion.ThefaultitselfalargecrackinthislayerofrockwithdozensofothercracksthatsplitofffromitextendsfromnortheastArkansasthroughMissouriandintosouthernIllinois.ScientistswhohavestudiedtheNewMadridfaultsaytherehavebeennumeroussmallerquakesintheareasince1811;thesesmallerquakesindicatethatlargeronesareprobablycomingbutritescientistssaytheyhavenomethodofpredictingwhenalargeearthquakewilloccur.TheNewMadridfaultis______.
Directions: Writeanessayofaround200wordsentitled"Responsibility"basedonthefollowingpicture.Youshouldinterpretthepictureanddiscusshowuniversitystudentscanhelpaclassmateaddictedtocomputergamesandhowwecanpreventyoungpeoplefrombecomingvictimsofexcessiveplaying.
SowhatisdepressionDepressionisoftenmoreaboutangerturned1thanitisaboutsadness.Butit’susually2assadness.Depressioncan3atallagesfromchildhoodtooldageandit’stheUnitedStates’No.14problem. Whensomeoneisdepressedherbehavior5changeandshelosesinterestinactivitiesshe6enjoyedlikesportsmusicfriendships.Thesadnessusuallylastseverydayformostofthedayandfortwoweeksormore. What7depressionA8eventcancertainlybring9depressionbutsomewillsayithappens10aspecificcause.Sohowdoyouknowifyou’rejusthavingabadday11arereallydepressedDepressionaffectsyour12moodsbehaviorandevenyourphysicalhealth.Thesechangesoftengo13orarelabeled14simplyabadcaseoftheblues. Someonewho’struly15depressionwillhave16periodsofcryingspellsfeelingsof17likenotbeingabletochangeyoursituationand18tikeyou’llfeelthiswayforeverirritationoragitation.Adepressedpersonoften19fromothersDepressionseldomgoesawaybyitselfandthegreatest20ofdepressionissuicide.Theriskofsuicideincreasesifthedepressionisn’ttreated. 12
Oneoftheoddthingsaboutsomebusinessorganizationsisthattheyspendsomuchmoneytolurenewcustomersandspendsolittletokeepthemafterthey’vebeenlanded.Itjustdoesn’tmakesense.Takingcustomersforgrantedisroutineinsomelargerorganizationswheremerebignessgeneratesanattitudeofindifference. Loyalcustomersareanorganization’sonlyprotectionagainstbankruptcyandlosingthembecauseofneglectorindifferenceisdownrightsinful.Notonlydosatisfiedcustomerscontinuetofattenthetilltheyoftenencourageotherstobuy.Thisisadvertisingthatdoesn’tcostapenny.Andalthoughtherearealwaysproblemsingivinggoodservicetocustomersmaintainingtheirpatronage光顾isn’tallthatdifficult.It’samatterofattitudeofbelievingthateveryonewhobuysfromyouisentitledtothebesttreatmentyoucandeliver.Plusgivingjustalittlemorethanyouhaveto. Wesaidtherearealwaysproblemsingivinggoodservicetocustomers.Thereasonofcourseisthatnoorganizationisperfectandthere’smanyaslip:unreasonabledelaysinfillingordersshippingthewrongmerchandisefailingtoanswerletterspromptlyandsoon. Sometimestheseerrorsorfailurescan’tbehelped.Forexampleifyoucan’tgetpartsbecauseofmaterialshortagesoratransportationstrikecustomersmaybedeniedthegoodsthey’veordered.Andnotinfrequentlythecustomeristoblame--forexamplefailingtoclearlyidentifythearticleorservjcerequired. Yetnomatterwhoisatfaultcustomerswhomyouvaluehighlyshouldgenerallybegiventhebenefitofthedoubt.Notethatwesaid"customerswhomyouvaluehighly."Theoldsaying格言goesthatallcustomersshouldbetreatedalikeisamyth.Customerswhorepeatedlyplacelargeordersandpayforthemwillnaturallygetmoreattentionthanthosewhobuyinfrequentlyandhavetobebadgeredtopaywhattheyowe.Howeveryouhavetomaketheassumptionthatallcustomersaregoodunlessprovedotherwise. Thewordidentifyinthefourthparagraphisthesameas
SowhatisdepressionDepressionisoftenmoreaboutangerturned1thanitisaboutsadness.Butit’susually2assadness.Depressioncan3atallagesfromchildhoodtooldageandit’stheUnitedStates’No.14problem. Whensomeoneisdepressedherbehavior5changeandshelosesinterestinactivitiesshe6enjoyedlikesportsmusicfriendships.Thesadnessusuallylastseverydayformostofthedayandfortwoweeksormore. What7depressionA8eventcancertainlybring9depressionbutsomewillsayithappens10aspecificcause.Sohowdoyouknowifyou’rejusthavingabadday11arereallydepressedDepressionaffectsyour12moodsbehaviorandevenyourphysicalhealth.Thesechangesoftengo13orarelabeled14simplyabadcaseoftheblues. Someonewho’struly15depressionwillhave16periodsofcryingspellsfeelingsof17likenotbeingabletochangeyoursituationand18tikeyou’llfeelthiswayforeverirritationoragitation.Adepressedpersonoften19fromothersDepressionseldomgoesawaybyitselfandthegreatest20ofdepressionissuicide.Theriskofsuicideincreasesifthedepressionisn’ttreated. 4
Goingtotheballparkvisitingfriendsandplayingbingoaresimplediversionsformanyofus.Butfortheelderlythesesocialpastimesmayplayacriticalroleinpreservingtheirphysicalandmentalhealth.46Infactanewstudysuggeststhatthelesstimeolderpeoplespendengagedinsocialactivitythefastertheirmotorfunctiontendstodecline.Everybodyintheir60s70sand80siswalkingmoreslowlythantheydidwhentheywere25saysDr.AronBuchmananeurologistattheRushUniversityMedicalCenterinChicagoandleadingauthorofthestudywhichwaspublishedintheJune22ndissueoftheArchivesofInternalMedicine.47Ourstudyshowstheconnectionbetweensocialactivityandmotorfunction--andopensupawholenewuniverseofhowwemightintervene.48Anincreasingbodyofevidencehassuggestedthatparticipatinginmentallystimulatingactivitysocializingfrequentlyandexercisingmayhelpprotectagainstage-relateddecline-atleastcognitivedecline.Asearlyas1995neuroscientistCarlCotmanwhostudiesaginganddementiaattheUniversityofCaliforniaatIrvinepublishedapaperinNatureshowingthatphysicalexerciseproducesaproteinthathelpskeepneuronsfromdyingandspurstheformationofnewneuralconnectionsinthebrain.49MorerecentlyCotmandemonstratedinstudiesofelderlydogsandmicethatenrichingtheirsocialenvironmentisassociatedwithimprovementinbrainfunction.Researchersarealsofindingthatsocialactivitymaybelinkedtothesameprotectiveeffectinpeople.Arecentstudyof2500adultsages70to79publishedinthejournalNeurologyfoundthatthosewhowereabletostaymentallysharpwerealsothosewhoexercisedonceaweekormorehadatleastaninthgradeliteracylevelandweresociallyactive.Whilefurtherresearchneedstobedonetoestablishtheexactimpactofsocialactivityandexerciseonspecificage-relateddeclines50it’slikelythatareductioninsocialactivitymaysimplybeasymptomofphysicaldeclinesincepeoplemaynaturallywithdrawfromsocialengagementastheylosemotorskills-mostresearcherswouldagreethatitisnotunreasonabletoencourageseniorstogetouttheremore.Only10%ofpeopleover65gettherecommendedamountofexerciseatleast2.5to5hoursaweekandgiventhatseniorsalreadytendtobemoresociallyisolatedthanyoungeradultsit’sdifficulttomotivatethemtobecomemoreactive.IfyouarealoneyouarelesslikelytofollowrecommendationsnotesVerghese.ItmighthelpthoughifyouvisitGrandmamoreoftenandletherknowthataregularpastimemayjusthelpherstayfitterandsharperlonger.
SowhatisdepressionDepressionisoftenmoreaboutangerturned1thanitisaboutsadness.Butit’susually2assadness.Depressioncan3atallagesfromchildhoodtooldageandit’stheUnitedStates’No.14problem. Whensomeoneisdepressedherbehavior5changeandshelosesinterestinactivitiesshe6enjoyedlikesportsmusicfriendships.Thesadnessusuallylastseverydayformostofthedayandfortwoweeksormore. What7depressionA8eventcancertainlybring9depressionbutsomewillsayithappens10aspecificcause.Sohowdoyouknowifyou’rejusthavingabadday11arereallydepressedDepressionaffectsyour12moodsbehaviorandevenyourphysicalhealth.Thesechangesoftengo13orarelabeled14simplyabadcaseoftheblues. Someonewho’struly15depressionwillhave16periodsofcryingspellsfeelingsof17likenotbeingabletochangeyoursituationand18tikeyou’llfeelthiswayforeverirritationoragitation.Adepressedpersonoften19fromothersDepressionseldomgoesawaybyitselfandthegreatest20ofdepressionissuicide.Theriskofsuicideincreasesifthedepressionisn’ttreated. 6
Oneoftheoddthingsaboutsomebusinessorganizationsisthattheyspendsomuchmoneytolurenewcustomersandspendsolittletokeepthemafterthey’vebeenlanded.Itjustdoesn’tmakesense.Takingcustomersforgrantedisroutineinsomelargerorganizationswheremerebignessgeneratesanattitudeofindifference. Loyalcustomersareanorganization’sonlyprotectionagainstbankruptcyandlosingthembecauseofneglectorindifferenceisdownrightsinful.Notonlydosatisfiedcustomerscontinuetofattenthetilltheyoftenencourageotherstobuy.Thisisadvertisingthatdoesn’tcostapenny.Andalthoughtherearealwaysproblemsingivinggoodservicetocustomersmaintainingtheirpatronage光顾isn’tallthatdifficult.It’samatterofattitudeofbelievingthateveryonewhobuysfromyouisentitledtothebesttreatmentyoucandeliver.Plusgivingjustalittlemorethanyouhaveto. Wesaidtherearealwaysproblemsingivinggoodservicetocustomers.Thereasonofcourseisthatnoorganizationisperfectandthere’smanyaslip:unreasonabledelaysinfillingordersshippingthewrongmerchandisefailingtoanswerletterspromptlyandsoon. Sometimestheseerrorsorfailurescan’tbehelped.Forexampleifyoucan’tgetpartsbecauseofmaterialshortagesoratransportationstrikecustomersmaybedeniedthegoodsthey’veordered.Andnotinfrequentlythecustomeristoblame--forexamplefailingtoclearlyidentifythearticleorservjcerequired. Yetnomatterwhoisatfaultcustomerswhomyouvaluehighlyshouldgenerallybegiventhebenefitofthedoubt.Notethatwesaid"customerswhomyouvaluehighly."Theoldsaying格言goesthatallcustomersshouldbetreatedalikeisamyth.Customerswhorepeatedlyplacelargeordersandpayforthemwillnaturallygetmoreattentionthanthosewhobuyinfrequentlyandhavetobebadgeredtopaywhattheyowe.Howeveryouhavetomaketheassumptionthatallcustomersaregoodunlessprovedotherwise. Theauthormightprobablydisagreewithwhichofthefollowingstatements
Indiahasaboutabillionpeopleandadozenmajorlanguagesofitsown.Onelanguageandonlyoneisunderstood-bytheelite-acrossthecountry:thatoftheforeignerswhoruledIndiaforlessthan200yearsandleft52yearsago. TodayIndia.Tomorrowunofficiallytheworld.Thatiswellunderway;atfirstbecausetheBritishnotonlybuiltglobalempirebutalsoitwassettledbyAmericaandnowbecausetheworldandnotablyAmericahasacquireditsfirsttrulyglobal--andinteractive--mediumtheInternet. Itisestimatedthatsome350millionpeoplespeakEnglishastheirfirstlanguage.Maybe250-350milliondoorcanuseitasasecondlanguage;inexcolonialcountriesnotablyorinEnglish--majorityoneslike30millionrecentlyimmigrantstotheUnitedStatesorCanada’s6millionfrancophoneQuebeckers.Andelsewhere.’Theguessis100million--1billiondependinghowyoudefine"can".Letusbehold:inall20-25%ofearth’s6billionpeoplecanuseEnglish;nottheEnglishofEnglandletaloneofDr.JohnsonbutEnglish. Thatnumberissoaringaseachyearbringsnewpupilstoschoolandcarriesofmonolingualoldies--andnowastheInternetspreads.Andtheprocessisself-reinforcing.AsbusinessspreadsacrossfrontiersthecompanythatwantstomoveitsexecutivesaroundandtopromotethebestofthemregardlessofnationalityencouragestheusesofEnglish.Sotheexecutivewhowantstobeintheframeor’tomovetoanotheremployerlearnstouseit.Englishhaslongdominatedlearnedjournals:GermanRussianorFrenchdependingonthefieldmaybeusefultotheirexpertreadersbutEnglishisessential.Soifyouwantyourownworkpublished--andwidelyreadbyyourpeers--thenEnglishisthelanguageofchoice. Thegrowthofthecinemaandstillmoresooftelevisionhasspreadthedominantlanguage.Foreignmoviesorsitcomsmaybedubbedintomajorlanguagesbutforsmalleraudiencestheyareusuallysubtitled.Result:aDutchorDanishorevenArabfamilyhasanaudio-visuallearningaidinitsliving-roomandusuallythelanguagespokenon-screenisEnglish. ThebirthofthecomputeranditsAmericanoperatingsystemsgaveEnglishanudgeahead:thatoftheInternethasgivenitahugepush.Anyweb-linkedhouseholdtodayhasalibraryofinformationavailableattheclickofamouse.Andunlikethebooksonitsownshelvesorinthepubliclibrarymaybefour-fifthsiswritteninEnglish.Thatproportionmaylessenasmorenon-Englishsitesspringup.ButEnglishwillsurelydominate. Fromthepassagewecanknowthat
WithU.S.companiessittingonanestimated$1.8trillionincashitraisesthequestion:Whyaren’ttheydeployingmoreoftheirhoardtoexpandtheirbusinessesOronemightchannelJohnMaynardKeynestoask:Wherehavethe"animalspirits"goneAlthoughcapitalspendingintheU.S.isup12percentsincethelowsofearly2009it’sstillrunning$88billionbelowthepeakof$1.34trillionreachedinthefirstquarterof2008saysJosephLaVorgnachiefU.S.economistatDeutscheBank.Hedoesn’texpectcapitalspendingtocatchuptothatpeaklevelandofficiallystarttoexpanduntilthesecondquarterof2011.LaVorgna’sdefinitionofcapitalspendingincludesphysicalequipmentandsoftwarebutnotstructuressuchasnewstoresormanufacturingplants.Spendingonstructuresisabout2percentofgrossdomesticproductone-thirdthesizeofcapitalsending’scontributiontoGDPhesays. "Thetrendandmomentumhavedefinitelyturnedandit’sjustamatteroftimebeforeyouseeothercompaniesgivewaytocapitalspendingandeventuallythatwillresultinhiring"saysLaVorgna.Butwithspendingrunning$88billionbelowpeakhesaysemployment"shouldbefartheralongthanitis."CompaniesthathavebuiltupalotofcasharestartingtotakesomechancessuchasexpandingintonewmarketswhichrequireshiringnewworkerssaysJohnChallengerchiefexecutiveofficerofChallengerGray&Christmasanemploymentconsultingfirm.U.S.companieshaveannouncedthehiringof118209newemployeesthroughAugustaccordingtodatacollectedbythefirm. Sowho’ssteppinguptotheplateSomecompaniesrefusetobecowedandaretakingbigifcalculatedchancesincludingambitiouscapitalprojectshiringnewworkersandexpandedinvestmentinresearchanddevelopmentaccordingtogrowth-orientedmutualfundmanagerscontactedbyBusinessweek.com.Ifthere’sacommondenominatorit’saperceivedopportunityandconfidenceinsustainabledemandwhetherduetonewtrendsintechnologyortonewmarketsthatneedcertainproducts.Othernamescamefromalistofthetop-hiringU.S.companiesthroughJuly2010compiledbyChallengerGray&Christmas. "Wedon’tspendcapitalunlesswehaveanewcontracttosupplyoxygennitrogenorhydrogentoourcustomers"saysJamesSawyerPraxair’schieffinancialofficer."Thoseare15-yearcontractswithminimaltake-or-payclauseswrittenintothemwhichensurewewillgetagoodreturnonourcapitalinvestmentregardlessofhowtherestoftheeconomyisdoing." SomeyoungeroutfitswithentrepreneurialmanagerswhohavelivedthroughafewbusinesscyclesthinktheircompaniesmaybeabletostealamarchoncompetitorsmorereluctanttospendsaysAramGreenmanagerofClearBridgeAdvisorsSmallCapGrowthFund."There’sclearlybeenadecisionbymanagementthat’Thisisnotthetimetotakeourfootofftheaccelerator.Infactit’stimetopushharderandfurtherdistanceourproductfromthecompetition.’ ThephrasesteppinguptotheplateLine1Paragraph3mostprobablymeans
Oneoftheoddthingsaboutsomebusinessorganizationsisthattheyspendsomuchmoneytolurenewcustomersandspendsolittletokeepthemafterthey’vebeenlanded.Itjustdoesn’tmakesense.Takingcustomersforgrantedisroutineinsomelargerorganizationswheremerebignessgeneratesanattitudeofindifference.Loyalcustomersareanorganization’sonlyprotectionagainstbankruptcyandlosingthembecauseofneglectorindifferenceisdownrightsinful.Notonlydosatisfiedcustomerscontinuetofattenthetilltheyoftenencourageotherstobuy.Thisisadvertisingthatdoesn’tcostapenny.Andalthoughtherearealwaysproblemsingivinggoodservicetocustomersmaintainingtheirpatronage光顾isn’tallthatdifficult.It’samatterofattitudeofbelievingthateveryonewhobuysfromyouisentitledtothebesttreatmentyoucandeliver.Plusgivingjustalittlemorethanyouhaveto.Wesaidtherearealwaysproblemsingivinggoodservicetocustomers.Thereasonofcourseisthatnoorganizationisperfectandthere’smanyaslip:unreasonabledelaysinfillingordersshippingthewrongmerchandisefailingtoanswerletterspromptlyandsoon.Sometimestheseerrorsorfailurescan’tbehelped.Forexampleifyoucan’tgetpartsbecauseofmaterialshortagesoratransportationstrikecustomersmaybedeniedthegoodsthey’veordered.Andnotinfrequentlythecustomeristoblame--forexamplefailingtoclearlyidentifythearticleorservjcerequired.Yetnomatterwhoisatfaultcustomerswhomyouvaluehighlyshouldgenerallybegiventhebenefitofthedoubt.Notethatwesaidcustomerswhomyouvaluehighly.Theoldsaying格言goesthatallcustomersshouldbetreatedalikeisamyth.Customerswhorepeatedlyplacelargeordersandpayforthemwillnaturallygetmoreattentionthanthosewhobuyinfrequentlyandhavetobebadgeredtopaywhattheyowe.Howeveryouhavetomaketheassumptionthatallcustomersaregoodunlessprovedotherwise.Themainideaofthepassageisbestexpressedbywhichofthefollowing______
SowhatisdepressionDepressionisoftenmoreaboutangerturned1thanitisaboutsadness.Butit’susually2assadness.Depressioncan3atallagesfromchildhoodtooldageandit’stheUnitedStates’No.14problem. Whensomeoneisdepressedherbehavior5changeandshelosesinterestinactivitiesshe6enjoyedlikesportsmusicfriendships.Thesadnessusuallylastseverydayformostofthedayandfortwoweeksormore. What7depressionA8eventcancertainlybring9depressionbutsomewillsayithappens10aspecificcause.Sohowdoyouknowifyou’rejusthavingabadday11arereallydepressedDepressionaffectsyour12moodsbehaviorandevenyourphysicalhealth.Thesechangesoftengo13orarelabeled14simplyabadcaseoftheblues. Someonewho’struly15depressionwillhave16periodsofcryingspellsfeelingsof17likenotbeingabletochangeyoursituationand18tikeyou’llfeelthiswayforeverirritationoragitation.Adepressedpersonoften19fromothersDepressionseldomgoesawaybyitselfandthegreatest20ofdepressionissuicide.Theriskofsuicideincreasesifthedepressionisn’ttreated. 18
SowhatisdepressionDepressionisoftenmoreaboutangerturned1thanitisaboutsadness.Butit’susually2assadness.Depressioncan3atallagesfromchildhoodtooldageandit’stheUnitedStates’No.14problem. Whensomeoneisdepressedherbehavior5changeandshelosesinterestinactivitiesshe6enjoyedlikesportsmusicfriendships.Thesadnessusuallylastseverydayformostofthedayandfortwoweeksormore. What7depressionA8eventcancertainlybring9depressionbutsomewillsayithappens10aspecificcause.Sohowdoyouknowifyou’rejusthavingabadday11arereallydepressedDepressionaffectsyour12moodsbehaviorandevenyourphysicalhealth.Thesechangesoftengo13orarelabeled14simplyabadcaseoftheblues. Someonewho’struly15depressionwillhave16periodsofcryingspellsfeelingsof17likenotbeingabletochangeyoursituationand18tikeyou’llfeelthiswayforeverirritationoragitation.Adepressedpersonoften19fromothersDepressionseldomgoesawaybyitselfandthegreatest20ofdepressionissuicide.Theriskofsuicideincreasesifthedepressionisn’ttreated. 20
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