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气的分类根据是
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根据德国音乐学家萨克斯的分类法中国民族乐器可以分为
弦鸣；气鸣；体鸣；管鸣
弦鸣；气鸣；体鸣；腔鸣
弦鸣；气鸣；体鸣；膜鸣
气鸣；体鸣；膜鸣；腔鸣
根据工艺流程分类6M32C.压缩机属于压缩机
原料气
循环气
增压
制冷
无油润滑
什么是气气的分类气的生理功能是什么
根据固定相和流动相的物态不同对色谱法进行分类
气相色谱法
液相色谱法
超临界色谱法
凝胶色谱法
CNG加气站分类:一般根据站区现场或附近是否有管线天然气可分为______ ______和_____
根据重烃含量分类一般情况下气体相对密度在0.58—1.6之间的多为
湿气
伴生气
石油气
干气
曝气设备的分类根据结构形式可分为鼓风曝气设备和机械曝气设备两大类
下列气瓶分类中属于按结构分类的是
无缝气瓶
钢质气瓶
不锈钢气瓶
铝合金气瓶
燃气用气按照用户类型分类可分为____________________工业企业生产用气燃 气汽车用气
根据葡萄酒的分类及感官要求可分为根据原料及酿酒的特种工艺分类葡萄酒的感官要求
根据葡萄酒的酒精度特点分类，根据风险因素分类
根据葡萄酒的糖度特点分类，根据工艺因素分类
根据葡萄酒的口味特点分类，根据口味因素分类
根据葡萄酒的产品特点分类，根据自然因素分类
曝气设备的作用和分类如何如何测定曝气设备的性能
根据两相物理状态分类色谱可分为
气相色谱
液相色谱
柱色谱
分配色谱
根据重烃含量分类一般情况下气体相对密度在0.58～1.6之 间的多为
湿气
伴生气
石油气
干气
无机胶凝材料根据硬化条件分类包含
气硬性
液硬性
水硬性
空硬性
根据产生气泡的方法分类有射流气浮水泵吸水管吸入空气气浮和溶气真空气浮等其中气浮效果最好使作最多
下列关于夹层水的说法错误的是
对气井开发的影响不大
夹层水是地层水
根据在气藏中所处的位置进行的分类
气层中都存在夹层水
小儿惊厥分类除根据病因年龄季节外尚可有以下分类
根据惊厥症状轻重分类
根据无热与有热分类
根据惊厥发作持续时间长短分类
根据惊厥典型与非典型分类
根据惊厥时脑电图改变分类
瓶装气体的分类原则有
根据压缩气体在气瓶内的物理状况和临界温度进行分类；
按其化学性能、燃烧性、毒性、腐蚀性进行分类；
气体的物理性质；
气体的密度。
按产出气田特征分类天然气分为:气田气凝析气田气________
根据建筑设计防火规范GB16-872001版中生产的火灾危险性分类天然气加气站属于类
甲
乙
丙
丁
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Lotsofcreaturesalreadyreproducewithoutsex.SincethebirthofLouiseBrownthefirsttest-tubebabyin19781ofhumanbeings2inlaboratoryglasswareratherthaninbed. Ifhumancloningbecomespossible—andsincethebirthofasheepcalledDolly3doubtthatitwillbefeasibletocloneapersonby2025—eventhelinkbetweensexorgansandreproduction4.Youwillthenbeabletotakeacuttingfromyourbodyandgrowanewperson5youwereawillowtree. 6wehavealreadydivorcedsexfromreproduction.Inthe1960sthecontraceptivepillfreedwomentoenjoysexforitsownsake.7greatertoleranceofhomosexualitysignaledsociety’sacceptanceofnonreproductivesexofanothersort.Thesechangesareonlycontinuationsofa8thatstartedperhapsamillionyearsago. Humanbeings9theinterestininfertilesocialsexwithafewotherspecies:dolphinsapesandsomebirds.But10sexistoogoodforhumanbeingsto11moreandmorepeoplewillabandonitasa12ofreproduction. Inthemodernworldyoucan13havesexandparenthoodwithoutsufferingthebit14.SomeHollywoodactresses15theurgeformotheringbyelectingtoadoptchildren16spoiltheirfiguresastheyseeitbychildbearing.Forpeopleasbeautifulasthisthetemptationto17aclonerearedinasurrogatewombcouldonedaybe18. Howeverhumancloninganddesignerbabiesareprobablynot19.Evenassumingthattheproceduresarejudgedsafeandefficientinfarmanimalsstillalongwayofftheywillbeheavily20ifnotbannedbymanygovernmentsforhumanbeings. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.8
Lotsofcreaturesalreadyreproducewithoutsex.SincethebirthofLouiseBrownthefirsttest-tubebabyin19781ofhumanbeings2inlaboratoryglasswareratherthaninbed. Ifhumancloningbecomespossible—andsincethebirthofasheepcalledDolly3doubtthatitwillbefeasibletocloneapersonby2025—eventhelinkbetweensexorgansandreproduction4.Youwillthenbeabletotakeacuttingfromyourbodyandgrowanewperson5youwereawillowtree. 6wehavealreadydivorcedsexfromreproduction.Inthe1960sthecontraceptivepillfreedwomentoenjoysexforitsownsake.7greatertoleranceofhomosexualitysignaledsociety’sacceptanceofnonreproductivesexofanothersort.Thesechangesareonlycontinuationsofa8thatstartedperhapsamillionyearsago. Humanbeings9theinterestininfertilesocialsexwithafewotherspecies:dolphinsapesandsomebirds.But10sexistoogoodforhumanbeingsto11moreandmorepeoplewillabandonitasa12ofreproduction. Inthemodernworldyoucan13havesexandparenthoodwithoutsufferingthebit14.SomeHollywoodactresses15theurgeformotheringbyelectingtoadoptchildren16spoiltheirfiguresastheyseeitbychildbearing.Forpeopleasbeautifulasthisthetemptationto17aclonerearedinasurrogatewombcouldonedaybe18. Howeverhumancloninganddesignerbabiesareprobablynot19.Evenassumingthattheproceduresarejudgedsafeandefficientinfarmanimalsstillalongwayofftheywillbeheavily20ifnotbannedbymanygovernmentsforhumanbeings. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.6
Thepeoplewhoanswerthephonegetanendlessstreamofcallsfrompeoplewhoareextremelyupsetthattheirelectricitygotturnedoffjustbecausetheyfailedtopaytheirbillfor297monthsorpeopleaskingquestionslike"IsitOKtooperateanelectricappliancewhiletakingabath" Solet’ssaythatyouhaveagenuineproblemwithyourelectricbill.Thepeoplein"CustomerService"havenowayofknowingthatyou’reanintelligentrationalperson.They’regoingtolumpyouinwiththeusualnot-so-brightpublic.Asfarasthey’reconcernedtherelevantfactsinanydisputebetweenyouandthemarethese: 1.Theyhaveabunchofelectricity. 2.Youneedit. 3.Soshutup. Thisiswhymoreandmorethepeoplein"CustomerService"won’teventalktoyou.TheyprefertoletyoutalktotheconvenientAutomaticPhoneAnsweringSystemuntilsuchatimeasyoudieofoldage"...IfyourFIRSTnamehasmorethaneightlettersandyourLASTnamebeginswith’H’through’L’press251NOW.IfyourfirstnamehasLESSthaneightlettersandyourlastnamecontainsatleasttwo’E’spress252NOW.Ifyour..." SoisthereanywaythatyouthelowlyconsumercangaintheseriousattentionofalargeandpowerfulbusinessIampleasedtoreportthatthereISawaywhichIfoundoutaboutthankstoanalertreaderwhosentmeanewsreportfromRussia.AccordingtothisreportaRussianelectriccompanygotintoadisputewithacustomerandcutoffthecustomer’selectricity.ThiscustomerhoweverhappenedtobeaunitoftheRussianArmy.Sothecommanderorderedatanktodriveovertotheelectriccompany’sofficeandaimitsgunatthewindows.Theelectricitywasturnedrightbackon. OnbehalfofconsumerseverywhereIwanttokissthismilitarycommanderonthelips.ImeanwhataGREATconcept.Imagineasaconsumerhowmuchmoreseriouslyyourcomplaintwouldhetakenifyouwerecomplainingfrominsideavehiclecapableofreducingtheentire"CustomerService"departmenttotinysmokingpieces.WhatIamsayingis:ForgettheAutomatedPhoneAnsweringSystem.Getatank. Perhapsyouarethinking:"Butatankcostsseveralmilliondollarsnotincludingfloormats.Idon’thavethatkindofmoney." Don’tbesilly.You’reaconsumerrightYouhavecreditcardsright Perhapsyouarethinking:"YesbuthowamIgoingtopaythecredit-cardcompany" Don’tbesilly.Youhaveatankright AccordingtothepassagethepeopleinCustomerServicearevery
Lotsofcreaturesalreadyreproducewithoutsex.SincethebirthofLouiseBrownthefirsttest-tubebabyin19781ofhumanbeings2inlaboratoryglasswareratherthaninbed. Ifhumancloningbecomespossible—andsincethebirthofasheepcalledDolly3doubtthatitwillbefeasibletocloneapersonby2025—eventhelinkbetweensexorgansandreproduction4.Youwillthenbeabletotakeacuttingfromyourbodyandgrowanewperson5youwereawillowtree. 6wehavealreadydivorcedsexfromreproduction.Inthe1960sthecontraceptivepillfreedwomentoenjoysexforitsownsake.7greatertoleranceofhomosexualitysignaledsociety’sacceptanceofnonreproductivesexofanothersort.Thesechangesareonlycontinuationsofa8thatstartedperhapsamillionyearsago. Humanbeings9theinterestininfertilesocialsexwithafewotherspecies:dolphinsapesandsomebirds.But10sexistoogoodforhumanbeingsto11moreandmorepeoplewillabandonitasa12ofreproduction. Inthemodernworldyoucan13havesexandparenthoodwithoutsufferingthebit14.SomeHollywoodactresses15theurgeformotheringbyelectingtoadoptchildren16spoiltheirfiguresastheyseeitbychildbearing.Forpeopleasbeautifulasthisthetemptationto17aclonerearedinasurrogatewombcouldonedaybe18. Howeverhumancloninganddesignerbabiesareprobablynot19.Evenassumingthattheproceduresarejudgedsafeandefficientinfarmanimalsstillalongwayofftheywillbeheavily20ifnotbannedbymanygovernmentsforhumanbeings. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.12
WhenIwas13mymotherdied.ThroughmyownsorrowIwasawareofthegreatlossthiswastoPop.Buthemadeonlyonereferencetohisownmisery.Hesaid"Tobehappyeverydayistobenothappyatall."Hewassayingtohissonsthathappinessisnotastateyouachieveandkeepbutsomethingthatmustbewonoverandovernomatterwhatthedefeatsandlosses. LaterthatyearIgotajobasanentertainerinsmallclubsandsuddenlyIknewthiswasthecareerIhadbeensearchingfor.TheworldofthetheaterwasfarremovedfromtheworldofmyfatheryetIfoundmyselfreturningtohimtimeandagainforthesamereasonhisfriendsdid. WhenIwas20Igotwhateveryactordreamsof—apermanentjob!AtthattimeatthedepthofthedepressionactorswereoutofworkbythehundredsyetIwantedtoquitthatjobbecauseIneedednewexperiencesandchallenges. Popheardmeoutthensaid"Therearesomepeoplewhoalwayshavetotestthemselvestostretchtheirwingsandtrynewwinds.Ifyouthinkyoucanfindmorehappinessandusefulnessthiswaythenyoushoulddoit."ThisadvicecamefromamanwhoneverleftasecurejobinhislifewhohadtheEuropeantraditionoffamilyresponsibilitybutwhoknewIwasdifferent.HeunderstoodwhatIneededtodoandhehelpedmedoit. ForthenextfewyearsIworkedinclubsandthenIgotmybigbreakappearinginamajormovie.AfterthatIwenttoHollywoodandfromthenonPoplivedwithmeandmyfamilythere.Wehadabigpartyoneevening.ThatnightIthoughtPopmightenjoyhearingsomeoftheoldfolksongsweusedtosingathome.WhenIbegantosingthemusicandthememoriesweretoomuchforhimtoresistandhecameovertojoinme.Ifadedawayandhewasinthemiddleoftheroomsingingalone—inacleartruevoice.Hesangfor15minutesbeforesomeoftheworld’shighest-paidstars.ThissimplekindlyoldmansingingofourEuropeanrootshadtouchedsomethingdeepinthesesophisticatedpeople.Whenhefinishedtherewasoverwhelmingapplause. Iknewtheapplausethatnightwasnotjustforaperformance;itwasforaman. HowdidPopreacttotheauthor’squittinghisjob
下列各项属全身脏腑气机升降的枢纽的是
Lotsofcreaturesalreadyreproducewithoutsex.SincethebirthofLouiseBrownthefirsttest-tubebabyin19781ofhumanbeings2inlaboratoryglasswareratherthaninbed. Ifhumancloningbecomespossible—andsincethebirthofasheepcalledDolly3doubtthatitwillbefeasibletocloneapersonby2025—eventhelinkbetweensexorgansandreproduction4.Youwillthenbeabletotakeacuttingfromyourbodyandgrowanewperson5youwereawillowtree. 6wehavealreadydivorcedsexfromreproduction.Inthe1960sthecontraceptivepillfreedwomentoenjoysexforitsownsake.7greatertoleranceofhomosexualitysignaledsociety’sacceptanceofnonreproductivesexofanothersort.Thesechangesareonlycontinuationsofa8thatstartedperhapsamillionyearsago. Humanbeings9theinterestininfertilesocialsexwithafewotherspecies:dolphinsapesandsomebirds.But10sexistoogoodforhumanbeingsto11moreandmorepeoplewillabandonitasa12ofreproduction. Inthemodernworldyoucan13havesexandparenthoodwithoutsufferingthebit14.SomeHollywoodactresses15theurgeformotheringbyelectingtoadoptchildren16spoiltheirfiguresastheyseeitbychildbearing.Forpeopleasbeautifulasthisthetemptationto17aclonerearedinasurrogatewombcouldonedaybe18. Howeverhumancloninganddesignerbabiesareprobablynot19.Evenassumingthattheproceduresarejudgedsafeandefficientinfarmanimalsstillalongwayofftheywillbeheavily20ifnotbannedbymanygovernmentsforhumanbeings. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.2
Tounderstandtheroughly100000genesinthehumangenomeresearcherssaytheymustinvestigateanevenmorecomplicatedsetofmolecules-proteins.Genesaretheblueprintsformakingproteinsandthe"sequence"ofagene—itsstructuralpattern—determinesthekindofproteinitmakes.Someproteinsbecomebuildingblocksforstructuralpartsofthecell.Otherproteinsbecomemolecular"machines"enzymeshormonesantibodiesthatcarryoutthemyriadactivitiesnecessarytokeepthecellandthebodyworkingproperly. Withanunderstandingofhumanproteinsortheproteomescientistswillbeabletofightdiseaseonmanyfronts.ForexamplescientistsattheCenterforProteomeAnalysisinOdenseDenmarkhaveisolatedaproteingalectinthatmayfightdiabetes.Diabetesseemstobecausedwheninsulin-producingcellsinthepancreasareinadvertentlykilledbythebody’simmunesystem. TheDanishscientistsspentyearsanalyzingtheproteinspresentindiabetes-proneanddiabetes-resistantcellsandtheytentativelyconcludedthatgalectinprotectsdiabetes-pronecellsfrombeingattackedbytheimmunesystem.Preliminaryanimaltestsinwhichthegalectingenehasbeeninsertedintodiabetes-pronecellsseemtoconfirmthehypothesis. EffectivecancerdrugsmayalsoarisefromadeeperunderstandingofgenesandproteinssaysKenCarterpresidentofTherapeuticGenomicsoneofthemanybiotechcompaniesworkingtodevisenewdrugsbasedongeneticknowledge.Soonscientistswillbeabletoquicklyandaccuratelycomparecancertissuewithnormaltissuetoseewhichgenesare"switchedon"andmakingproteinsandwhichgenesarenothesays. "Ifyoufoundagenethatwashighlyexpressedinprostatecancercellsbutnotothertissuesyoucoulddeducethatgenewasinvolvedinprostatecancer"accordingtoCarter."Wewouldtrytodevelopinthelabawaytoblocktheexpressionofthatgene."Onepossibilitywouldbea"smallmolecule"drugthatwouldattachtoandinactivatethatgene’sprotein. Finallydrugsthemselveswilllikelybecomesaferandmoreeffectivebecausetheywillbetailoredtoanindividual’sgeneticabilitytoprocessmedicinespredictsRobertWaterstondirectoroftheHumanGenomeProjectsequencingcenteratWashingtonUniversityinSt.Louis. Inthefutureabloodtestcouldshowhowmuchofaparticulardrug-processingenzymeapersonhasWaterstonexplains.Thedoctorwouldthenadjustthedoseaccordinglyorprescribeadrugcustomdesignedforthatperson’sgeneticmakeup.Thisnewfieldcalledpharmacogenomicsshouldeliminatemanyofthedrugsideeffectsthatresultfromourcurrentcrudermethodsofdeterminingdosage. TheresearchofscientistsattheCenterforProteomeAnalysisinOdenseDenmarkishelpfulto
Lotsofcreaturesalreadyreproducewithoutsex.SincethebirthofLouiseBrownthefirsttest-tubebabyin19781ofhumanbeings2inlaboratoryglasswareratherthaninbed. Ifhumancloningbecomespossible—andsincethebirthofasheepcalledDolly3doubtthatitwillbefeasibletocloneapersonby2025—eventhelinkbetweensexorgansandreproduction4.Youwillthenbeabletotakeacuttingfromyourbodyandgrowanewperson5youwereawillowtree. 6wehavealreadydivorcedsexfromreproduction.Inthe1960sthecontraceptivepillfreedwomentoenjoysexforitsownsake.7greatertoleranceofhomosexualitysignaledsociety’sacceptanceofnonreproductivesexofanothersort.Thesechangesareonlycontinuationsofa8thatstartedperhapsamillionyearsago. Humanbeings9theinterestininfertilesocialsexwithafewotherspecies:dolphinsapesandsomebirds.But10sexistoogoodforhumanbeingsto11moreandmorepeoplewillabandonitasa12ofreproduction. Inthemodernworldyoucan13havesexandparenthoodwithoutsufferingthebit14.SomeHollywoodactresses15theurgeformotheringbyelectingtoadoptchildren16spoiltheirfiguresastheyseeitbychildbearing.Forpeopleasbeautifulasthisthetemptationto17aclonerearedinasurrogatewombcouldonedaybe18. Howeverhumancloninganddesignerbabiesareprobablynot19.Evenassumingthattheproceduresarejudgedsafeandefficientinfarmanimalsstillalongwayofftheywillbeheavily20ifnotbannedbymanygovernmentsforhumanbeings. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.18
Asimplepairofpantsmaycontainamultitudeofmeanings.Inthe1850sjeansweretheunemotionaldurabledressofthosethatcametoCaliforniatolaborinthegoldfields.Seamswerestrengthenedwithmetalpinstomakethemholdatechnologyborrowedfromtheconstructionofhorseblankets.Clothforbeastsofburdenwastranslatedtotheneedsofmenofburden.Theseweretheclothesofhard-laboringpeopleandthesepantsheldlittlepromiseforthemenwhoworethemsavethepromisethattheywouldbereadyforthenextday’slabors. DuringthesamedecadeinthecourtofoneEuropeanqueen"thegownwornbyafashionableladyinattendancecontained1100yardsofmaterialnotincludinglaceandotherornaments."Americanwomenofwealthwerealsowrappedinanabundanceofcloth.Whilemakersofjeansworriedoverhowmanymencouldbefittedintoagivenamountofclothforwomenofwealththeconcernwaswithhowmanyyardsofclothcouldbeattractivelyarrangeduponagivenindividual.Thiswasthemarkofprosperity:towearenoughmaterialonone’sbacktoclothemanyofmoremodestmeans. Thefashionablerichcouldnotimaginethemselveswearingthevulgarcanvaspantsofworkersand"peasants".Neithercouldworking-classpeoplereasonablyimaginethemselvesinthecostumesofwealthandpower.Tileonlyfashionlinkbetweenthem—subtleatbest—wasthesterntophatofwealthycapitalistsacoal-blackcylindersymbolizingthefactorychimneypipesthatbroughtprofittoonehardshiptotheother.Bluejeansonlysignifiedlaborandsweat. Yearslatertheclothingofnineteenth-centurylaborerswouldassumenewanddifferentmeanings.Humblebeginningsbecameincreasinglyobscurewithintheunfoldingofpopularculture.InthemoviesthehorseridersoftheearlycattleindustrywererebornassymbolsofanobleruralsimplicityandbluejeansbecameconspicuouswithinthelandscapeoftheAmericanmedia.Onthescreenthesepantsteasedtheimaginationsofcityfolkwholongedforasimplerandlesscorruptlife.Whilelaborerswouldcontinuetowearthematworknowthewell-offmightputonapairathomeorinthegarden—anescapefromthedisciplineofthebusinessworld. Inthe1950sbluejeansbecameastatementbythosewhowishedtoboycottthevaluesofaconsumer-basedsocietythatwasconcernedonlywithacquisition.Blue-jeans-wearingrebelsofpopularmovieswereanexpressionofcontempttowardstheemptyandobedientsilenceofCold-WarAmerica;thepositiveimagesofAmericanconsumersocietywereundersiege.WhathadbeenapieceoftraditionalAmericanculture—bluejeans—becamearejectionoftraditionalculture. InSavethepromisethattheywouldbereadyforthenextday’staborsLines6-7Para.1thewordsavemeans
行气法与利水法常常并用以治疗水肿其理论依据是
Tounderstandtheroughly100000genesinthehumangenomeresearcherssaytheymustinvestigateanevenmorecomplicatedsetofmolecules-proteins.Genesaretheblueprintsformakingproteinsandthe"sequence"ofagene—itsstructuralpattern—determinesthekindofproteinitmakes.Someproteinsbecomebuildingblocksforstructuralpartsofthecell.Otherproteinsbecomemolecular"machines"enzymeshormonesantibodiesthatcarryoutthemyriadactivitiesnecessarytokeepthecellandthebodyworkingproperly. Withanunderstandingofhumanproteinsortheproteomescientistswillbeabletofightdiseaseonmanyfronts.ForexamplescientistsattheCenterforProteomeAnalysisinOdenseDenmarkhaveisolatedaproteingalectinthatmayfightdiabetes.Diabetesseemstobecausedwheninsulin-producingcellsinthepancreasareinadvertentlykilledbythebody’simmunesystem. TheDanishscientistsspentyearsanalyzingtheproteinspresentindiabetes-proneanddiabetes-resistantcellsandtheytentativelyconcludedthatgalectinprotectsdiabetes-pronecellsfrombeingattackedbytheimmunesystem.Preliminaryanimaltestsinwhichthegalectingenehasbeeninsertedintodiabetes-pronecellsseemtoconfirmthehypothesis. EffectivecancerdrugsmayalsoarisefromadeeperunderstandingofgenesandproteinssaysKenCarterpresidentofTherapeuticGenomicsoneofthemanybiotechcompaniesworkingtodevisenewdrugsbasedongeneticknowledge.Soonscientistswillbeabletoquicklyandaccuratelycomparecancertissuewithnormaltissuetoseewhichgenesare"switchedon"andmakingproteinsandwhichgenesarenothesays. "Ifyoufoundagenethatwashighlyexpressedinprostatecancercellsbutnotothertissuesyoucoulddeducethatgenewasinvolvedinprostatecancer"accordingtoCarter."Wewouldtrytodevelopinthelabawaytoblocktheexpressionofthatgene."Onepossibilitywouldbea"smallmolecule"drugthatwouldattachtoandinactivatethatgene’sprotein. Finallydrugsthemselveswilllikelybecomesaferandmoreeffectivebecausetheywillbetailoredtoanindividual’sgeneticabilitytoprocessmedicinespredictsRobertWaterstondirectoroftheHumanGenomeProjectsequencingcenteratWashingtonUniversityinSt.Louis. Inthefutureabloodtestcouldshowhowmuchofaparticulardrug-processingenzymeapersonhasWaterstonexplains.Thedoctorwouldthenadjustthedoseaccordinglyorprescribeadrugcustomdesignedforthatperson’sgeneticmakeup.Thisnewfieldcalledpharmacogenomicsshouldeliminatemanyofthedrugsideeffectsthatresultfromourcurrentcrudermethodsofdeterminingdosage. WhatwouldKenCarterandhiscolleaguesdo
Lotsofcreaturesalreadyreproducewithoutsex.SincethebirthofLouiseBrownthefirsttest-tubebabyin19781ofhumanbeings2inlaboratoryglasswareratherthaninbed. Ifhumancloningbecomespossible—andsincethebirthofasheepcalledDolly3doubtthatitwillbefeasibletocloneapersonby2025—eventhelinkbetweensexorgansandreproduction4.Youwillthenbeabletotakeacuttingfromyourbodyandgrowanewperson5youwereawillowtree. 6wehavealreadydivorcedsexfromreproduction.Inthe1960sthecontraceptivepillfreedwomentoenjoysexforitsownsake.7greatertoleranceofhomosexualitysignaledsociety’sacceptanceofnonreproductivesexofanothersort.Thesechangesareonlycontinuationsofa8thatstartedperhapsamillionyearsago. Humanbeings9theinterestininfertilesocialsexwithafewotherspecies:dolphinsapesandsomebirds.But10sexistoogoodforhumanbeingsto11moreandmorepeoplewillabandonitasa12ofreproduction. Inthemodernworldyoucan13havesexandparenthoodwithoutsufferingthebit14.SomeHollywoodactresses15theurgeformotheringbyelectingtoadoptchildren16spoiltheirfiguresastheyseeitbychildbearing.Forpeopleasbeautifulasthisthetemptationto17aclonerearedinasurrogatewombcouldonedaybe18. Howeverhumancloninganddesignerbabiesareprobablynot19.Evenassumingthattheproceduresarejudgedsafeandefficientinfarmanimalsstillalongwayofftheywillbeheavily20ifnotbannedbymanygovernmentsforhumanbeings. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.4
Lotsofcreaturesalreadyreproducewithoutsex.SincethebirthofLouiseBrownthefirsttest-tubebabyin19781ofhumanbeings2inlaboratoryglasswareratherthaninbed. Ifhumancloningbecomespossible—andsincethebirthofasheepcalledDolly3doubtthatitwillbefeasibletocloneapersonby2025—eventhelinkbetweensexorgansandreproduction4.Youwillthenbeabletotakeacuttingfromyourbodyandgrowanewperson5youwereawillowtree. 6wehavealreadydivorcedsexfromreproduction.Inthe1960sthecontraceptivepillfreedwomentoenjoysexforitsownsake.7greatertoleranceofhomosexualitysignaledsociety’sacceptanceofnonreproductivesexofanothersort.Thesechangesareonlycontinuationsofa8thatstartedperhapsamillionyearsago. Humanbeings9theinterestininfertilesocialsexwithafewotherspecies:dolphinsapesandsomebirds.But10sexistoogoodforhumanbeingsto11moreandmorepeoplewillabandonitasa12ofreproduction. Inthemodernworldyoucan13havesexandparenthoodwithoutsufferingthebit14.SomeHollywoodactresses15theurgeformotheringbyelectingtoadoptchildren16spoiltheirfiguresastheyseeitbychildbearing.Forpeopleasbeautifulasthisthetemptationto17aclonerearedinasurrogatewombcouldonedaybe18. Howeverhumancloninganddesignerbabiesareprobablynot19.Evenassumingthattheproceduresarejudgedsafeandefficientinfarmanimalsstillalongwayofftheywillbeheavily20ifnotbannedbymanygovernmentsforhumanbeings. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10
Asimplepairofpantsmaycontainamultitudeofmeanings.Inthe1850sjeansweretheunemotionaldurabledressofthosethatcametoCaliforniatolaborinthegoldfields.Seamswerestrengthenedwithmetalpinstomakethemholdatechnologyborrowedfromtheconstructionofhorseblankets.Clothforbeastsofburdenwastranslatedtotheneedsofmenofburden.Theseweretheclothesofhard-laboringpeopleandthesepantsheldlittlepromiseforthemenwhoworethemsavethepromisethattheywouldbereadyforthenextday’slabors. DuringthesamedecadeinthecourtofoneEuropeanqueen"thegownwornbyafashionableladyinattendancecontained1100yardsofmaterialnotincludinglaceandotherornaments."Americanwomenofwealthwerealsowrappedinanabundanceofcloth.Whilemakersofjeansworriedoverhowmanymencouldbefittedintoagivenamountofclothforwomenofwealththeconcernwaswithhowmanyyardsofclothcouldbeattractivelyarrangeduponagivenindividual.Thiswasthemarkofprosperity:towearenoughmaterialonone’sbacktoclothemanyofmoremodestmeans. Thefashionablerichcouldnotimaginethemselveswearingthevulgarcanvaspantsofworkersand"peasants".Neithercouldworking-classpeoplereasonablyimaginethemselvesinthecostumesofwealthandpower.Tileonlyfashionlinkbetweenthem—subtleatbest—wasthesterntophatofwealthycapitalistsacoal-blackcylindersymbolizingthefactorychimneypipesthatbroughtprofittoonehardshiptotheother.Bluejeansonlysignifiedlaborandsweat. Yearslatertheclothingofnineteenth-centurylaborerswouldassumenewanddifferentmeanings.Humblebeginningsbecameincreasinglyobscurewithintheunfoldingofpopularculture.InthemoviesthehorseridersoftheearlycattleindustrywererebornassymbolsofanobleruralsimplicityandbluejeansbecameconspicuouswithinthelandscapeoftheAmericanmedia.Onthescreenthesepantsteasedtheimaginationsofcityfolkwholongedforasimplerandlesscorruptlife.Whilelaborerswouldcontinuetowearthematworknowthewell-offmightputonapairathomeorinthegarden—anescapefromthedisciplineofthebusinessworld. Inthe1950sbluejeansbecameastatementbythosewhowishedtoboycottthevaluesofaconsumer-basedsocietythatwasconcernedonlywithacquisition.Blue-jeans-wearingrebelsofpopularmovieswereanexpressionofcontempttowardstheemptyandobedientsilenceofCold-WarAmerica;thepositiveimagesofAmericanconsumersocietywereundersiege.WhathadbeenapieceoftraditionalAmericanculture—bluejeans—becamearejectionoftraditionalculture. Thefashionablerichwouldnotwearbluejeansbecause
Lotsofcreaturesalreadyreproducewithoutsex.SincethebirthofLouiseBrownthefirsttest-tubebabyin19781ofhumanbeings2inlaboratoryglasswareratherthaninbed. Ifhumancloningbecomespossible—andsincethebirthofasheepcalledDolly3doubtthatitwillbefeasibletocloneapersonby2025—eventhelinkbetweensexorgansandreproduction4.Youwillthenbeabletotakeacuttingfromyourbodyandgrowanewperson5youwereawillowtree. 6wehavealreadydivorcedsexfromreproduction.Inthe1960sthecontraceptivepillfreedwomentoenjoysexforitsownsake.7greatertoleranceofhomosexualitysignaledsociety’sacceptanceofnonreproductivesexofanothersort.Thesechangesareonlycontinuationsofa8thatstartedperhapsamillionyearsago. Humanbeings9theinterestininfertilesocialsexwithafewotherspecies:dolphinsapesandsomebirds.But10sexistoogoodforhumanbeingsto11moreandmorepeoplewillabandonitasa12ofreproduction. Inthemodernworldyoucan13havesexandparenthoodwithoutsufferingthebit14.SomeHollywoodactresses15theurgeformotheringbyelectingtoadoptchildren16spoiltheirfiguresastheyseeitbychildbearing.Forpeopleasbeautifulasthisthetemptationto17aclonerearedinasurrogatewombcouldonedaybe18. Howeverhumancloninganddesignerbabiesareprobablynot19.Evenassumingthattheproceduresarejudgedsafeandefficientinfarmanimalsstillalongwayofftheywillbeheavily20ifnotbannedbymanygovernmentsforhumanbeings. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.14
WhenIwas13mymotherdied.ThroughmyownsorrowIwasawareofthegreatlossthiswastoPop.Buthemadeonlyonereferencetohisownmisery.Hesaid"Tobehappyeverydayistobenothappyatall."Hewassayingtohissonsthathappinessisnotastateyouachieveandkeepbutsomethingthatmustbewonoverandovernomatterwhatthedefeatsandlosses. LaterthatyearIgotajobasanentertainerinsmallclubsandsuddenlyIknewthiswasthecareerIhadbeensearchingfor.TheworldofthetheaterwasfarremovedfromtheworldofmyfatheryetIfoundmyselfreturningtohimtimeandagainforthesamereasonhisfriendsdid. WhenIwas20Igotwhateveryactordreamsof—apermanentjob!AtthattimeatthedepthofthedepressionactorswereoutofworkbythehundredsyetIwantedtoquitthatjobbecauseIneedednewexperiencesandchallenges. Popheardmeoutthensaid"Therearesomepeoplewhoalwayshavetotestthemselvestostretchtheirwingsandtrynewwinds.Ifyouthinkyoucanfindmorehappinessandusefulnessthiswaythenyoushoulddoit."ThisadvicecamefromamanwhoneverleftasecurejobinhislifewhohadtheEuropeantraditionoffamilyresponsibilitybutwhoknewIwasdifferent.HeunderstoodwhatIneededtodoandhehelpedmedoit. ForthenextfewyearsIworkedinclubsandthenIgotmybigbreakappearinginamajormovie.AfterthatIwenttoHollywoodandfromthenonPoplivedwithmeandmyfamilythere.Wehadabigpartyoneevening.ThatnightIthoughtPopmightenjoyhearingsomeoftheoldfolksongsweusedtosingathome.WhenIbegantosingthemusicandthememoriesweretoomuchforhimtoresistandhecameovertojoinme.Ifadedawayandhewasinthemiddleoftheroomsingingalone—inacleartruevoice.Hesangfor15minutesbeforesomeoftheworld’shighest-paidstars.ThissimplekindlyoldmansingingofourEuropeanrootshadtouchedsomethingdeepinthesesophisticatedpeople.Whenhefinishedtherewasoverwhelmingapplause. Iknewtheapplausethatnightwasnotjustforaperformance;itwasforaman. BysayingtobehappyeverydayistobenothappyatallPopmeans
JohnWinstonLennonwasbornintoaworldatwarwithitself—aperfectsymboloftheinternalcontradictionsthatdefinedhislifeandmusic.Germanaircraftweredroppingbombsonhiscityattheverymomentofhisarrival. 41____________.LennonalsohadapowerfulattachmenttohismotherJuliathatlingeredlongaftershediedin1958;theclassic1968albumTheBeatlesknownasthe"WhiteAlbum"foritswhitealbumlinerincludedhissong"Julia"—anexquisiteexpressionofrawsorrow.WhenheandMcCartneyfirstmetonJuly6th1957—atachurchpicnicwhereLennon’sbandwasastarattraction—Lennonwasbuddingintoafusionofboldattitudekeenwitandhonestcharm.TheBeatlesgavehimtheroomtobloom. 42____________. Inafewwaysthecurrentboy-bandphenomenonissimplytheBeatleswithamoderntwist:hugerecordsalesadoringyoungwomenqueueduponthesidewalksoutsidetheirconcertsandthecircus-likeatmospheresurroundingtheireverymove.WithhissharphandsomefeaturesandanattractivewarmthcontrastedbyhisacidturnofphraseLennonevokedasmuchhystericalfemaledesireasanymemberoftheBackStreetBoysifnotallofthemputtogether.43____________. LennonandOnoskillfullyusedthedisbeliefandscornthatoftengreetedtheirprovocativeexploitstopromotetheirpeacecampaigns:demonstratingintheirbedclothesforanendtotheVietnamWarinthespringof1969andpayingforhuge"WARISOVER!"signsintwelvecitiesaroundtheworldthefollowingChristmas.44____________. ApeculiarironyofLennon’sstoryisthewaywetendtoworshiptheManandtheBeatleattheexpenseofthesoloartist.TobefrankLennonwasnotalwaysterrificonhisown.45____________. A.TodaythepopularityoftheBeatlesseemslikeadistantmiracleanancientexplosionofenergeticteenagejoy.Survivingfilmsandhistoricalaccountsonlyhintatthemagicofthetwoyears1963and1964inwhichtheBeatlesbroughtBritainandthenAmericahappilytotheirknees. B.TheBeatlesworesuitsandchattedcheerfullywithreportersinthatfirstcoupleofyears.Theyalsomovedquicklytoseizecontrol—oftheirmusictheircareersandtheirindividualdestinies. C.HisimageastheintellectualBeatle—theshybrilliantseekeroftruthwithastubbornstreakandasmartmouth—wasrootedinhisdaysasawould-beartstudentandteenagerebelwitharemarkableintellect.HefoundsubstitutefatherfiguresinAmericanrockmusicians. D.OnthefinaldayofhislifeLennongaveaninterviewtopromotewhatwouldbehisfinalalbum.Whenaskedabouthis1971singlerecording"PowertothePeople"Lennonsaidhenowbelievedthatpeopledohavethepower."Idon’tmeanthepowerofthegun"heexplained."Theyhavethepowertomakeandcreatethesocietytheywant." E.ThecoupleplantedtreesforpeaceatCoventryCathedralinEnglandandinearly1970cuttheirhairforpeace.InopenlycourtingpublicscornLennonandOnoengineeredavitalpublicdebateaboutpeaceandloveasrealisticgoalsnotjustnaivenonsense. F.Thekeylineinthose"WARISOVER!"signswasinthesmalltypenearthebottom:IFYOUWANTIT.WhenJohnLennondiedheleftuswithauniquebodyofworkandthemostvaluablelessonrock&rollhastooffer:anythingispossible—ifyouwantit. G.HeneverdidbetterthantheintensityandhowlofhisJohnLennon/PlasticOnoBandalbumbutthereismuchinLennon’spost-Beatlemusictobeappreciated.Recordedduringhisso-calledlostweekend—aperiodofseparationfromOno—the1974albumWallsandBridgesisastrikingtestimonytothewretcheddesperationhefelt. 42
Scienceisawayofthinkingmuchmorethanitisabodyofknowledge.46Itsgoalistofindouthowtheworldworkstoseekwhatregularitiestheremaybetopenetratetotheconnectionsofthings—fromsubnuclearparticleswhichmaybetheconstituentsofallmattertolivingorganismsthehumansocialcommunityandhencetothecosmosasawhole.Ourintuitionisbynomeansaninfallibleguide.Ourperceptionsmaybedistortedbytrainingandprejudiceormerelybecauseofthelimitationsofthephenomenaoftheworld.47EvensostraightforwardaquestionaswhetherintheabsenceoffrictionapoundofleadfallsfasterthanagramoffluffwasansweredincorrectlybyAristotleandalmosteveryoneelsebeforethetimeofGalileo.Scienceisbasedonexperimentonawillingnesstochallengeolddogmaonanopennesstoseetheuniverseasitreallyis.Accordinglysciencesometimesrequirescourage—attheveryleastthecouragetoquestiontheconventionalwisdom. 48Beyondthisthemaintrickofscienceistoreallythinkofsomething:theshapeofcloudsandtheiroccasionalsharpbottomedgesatthesamealtitudeeverywhereinthesky;theformationofadewdroponaleaf;theoriginofanameoraword;thereasonforhumansocialcustoms—theincesttabooforexample;howitisthatalensinsunlightcanmakepaperburn;howa"walkingstick"gottolooksomuchlikeatwig;whytheMoonseemstofollowusaswewalk;whatpreventsusfromdiggingaholedowntothecenteroftheEarth;whatthedefinitionisof"down"onasphericalearth;howitispossibleforthebodytoconvertyesterday’slunchintotoday’smuscleandsinew;orhowfarisup—doestheuniversegoonforeverorifitdoesnotisthereanymeaningtothequestionofwhatliesontheothersideSomeofthesequestionsareprettyeasy.Othersespeciallythelastaremysteriestowhichnooneeventodayknowstheanswer.Theyarenaturalquestionstoask.49Everyculturehasposedsuchquestionsinonewayoranotherandalmostalwaystheproposedanswersareinthenatureof"JustSoStories"attemptedexplanationsdivorcedfromexperimentorevenfromcarefulcomparativeobservations. Butthescientificcastofmindexaminestheworldcriticallyasifmanyalternativeworldsmightexistasifotherthingsmightbeherewhicharenot.Thenweareforcedtoaskwhywhatweseeispresentandnotsomethingelse.WhyaretheSunandtheMoonandtheplanetsspheresWhynotpyramidsorcubesordodecahedraWhynotirregularjumblyshapesWhysosymmetricalworlds50Ifyouspendanytimespinninghypothesescheckingtoseewhethertheymakesensewhethertheyconformtowhatelseweknowthinkingoftestsyoucanposetosubstantiateordeflateyourhypothesesyouwillfindyourselfdoingscience.Andasyoucometopracticethishabitofthoughtmoreandmoreyouwillgetbetterandbetteratit. Beyondthisthemaintrickofscienceistoreallythinkofsomething:theshapeofcloudsandtheiroccasionalsharpbottomedgesatthesamealtitudeeverywhereinthesky;theformationofadewdroponaleaf;theoriginofanameoraword;thereasonforhumansocialcustoms—theincesttabooforexample;
Lotsofcreaturesalreadyreproducewithoutsex.SincethebirthofLouiseBrownthefirsttest-tubebabyin19781ofhumanbeings2inlaboratoryglasswareratherthaninbed. Ifhumancloningbecomespossible—andsincethebirthofasheepcalledDolly3doubtthatitwillbefeasibletocloneapersonby2025—eventhelinkbetweensexorgansandreproduction4.Youwillthenbeabletotakeacuttingfromyourbodyandgrowanewperson5youwereawillowtree. 6wehavealreadydivorcedsexfromreproduction.Inthe1960sthecontraceptivepillfreedwomentoenjoysexforitsownsake.7greatertoleranceofhomosexualitysignaledsociety’sacceptanceofnonreproductivesexofanothersort.Thesechangesareonlycontinuationsofa8thatstartedperhapsamillionyearsago. Humanbeings9theinterestininfertilesocialsexwithafewotherspecies:dolphinsapesandsomebirds.But10sexistoogoodforhumanbeingsto11moreandmorepeoplewillabandonitasa12ofreproduction. Inthemodernworldyoucan13havesexandparenthoodwithoutsufferingthebit14.SomeHollywoodactresses15theurgeformotheringbyelectingtoadoptchildren16spoiltheirfiguresastheyseeitbychildbearing.Forpeopleasbeautifulasthisthetemptationto17aclonerearedinasurrogatewombcouldonedaybe18. Howeverhumancloninganddesignerbabiesareprobablynot19.Evenassumingthattheproceduresarejudgedsafeandefficientinfarmanimalsstillalongwayofftheywillbeheavily20ifnotbannedbymanygovernmentsforhumanbeings. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.16
Directions:Studythefollowingcartooncarefullyandwriteanessayinwhichyoushould 1describethesetofdrawingsinterpretitsmeaningand 2pointoutitsimplicationsinourlife. Youshouldwrite160-200wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.
Scienceisawayofthinkingmuchmorethanitisabodyofknowledge.46Itsgoalistofindouthowtheworldworkstoseekwhatregularitiestheremaybetopenetratetotheconnectionsofthings—fromsubnuclearparticleswhichmaybetheconstituentsofallmattertolivingorganismsthehumansocialcommunityandhencetothecosmosasawhole.Ourintuitionisbynomeansaninfallibleguide.Ourperceptionsmaybedistortedbytrainingandprejudiceormerelybecauseofthelimitationsofthephenomenaoftheworld.47EvensostraightforwardaquestionaswhetherintheabsenceoffrictionapoundofleadfallsfasterthanagramoffluffwasansweredincorrectlybyAristotleandalmosteveryoneelsebeforethetimeofGalileo.Scienceisbasedonexperimentonawillingnesstochallengeolddogmaonanopennesstoseetheuniverseasitreallyis.Accordinglysciencesometimesrequirescourage—attheveryleastthecouragetoquestiontheconventionalwisdom. 48Beyondthisthemaintrickofscienceistoreallythinkofsomething:theshapeofcloudsandtheiroccasionalsharpbottomedgesatthesamealtitudeeverywhereinthesky;theformationofadewdroponaleaf;theoriginofanameoraword;thereasonforhumansocialcustoms—theincesttabooforexample;howitisthatalensinsunlightcanmakepaperburn;howa"walkingstick"gottolooksomuchlikeatwig;whytheMoonseemstofollowusaswewalk;whatpreventsusfromdiggingaholedowntothecenteroftheEarth;whatthedefinitionisof"down"onasphericalearth;howitispossibleforthebodytoconvertyesterday’slunchintotoday’smuscleandsinew;orhowfarisup—doestheuniversegoonforeverorifitdoesnotisthereanymeaningtothequestionofwhatliesontheothersideSomeofthesequestionsareprettyeasy.Othersespeciallythelastaremysteriestowhichnooneeventodayknowstheanswer.Theyarenaturalquestionstoask.49Everyculturehasposedsuchquestionsinonewayoranotherandalmostalwaystheproposedanswersareinthenatureof"JustSoStories"attemptedexplanationsdivorcedfromexperimentorevenfromcarefulcomparativeobservations. Butthescientificcastofmindexaminestheworldcriticallyasifmanyalternativeworldsmightexistasifotherthingsmightbeherewhicharenot.Thenweareforcedtoaskwhywhatweseeispresentandnotsomethingelse.WhyaretheSunandtheMoonandtheplanetsspheresWhynotpyramidsorcubesordodecahedraWhynotirregularjumblyshapesWhysosymmetricalworlds50Ifyouspendanytimespinninghypothesescheckingtoseewhethertheymakesensewhethertheyconformtowhatelseweknowthinkingoftestsyoucanposetosubstantiateordeflateyourhypothesesyouwillfindyourselfdoingscience.Andasyoucometopracticethishabitofthoughtmoreandmoreyouwillgetbetterandbetteratit. Ifyouspendanytimespinninghypothesescheckingtoseewhethertheymakesensewhethertheyconformtowhatelseweknowthinkingoftestsyoucanposetosubstantiateordeflateyourhypothesesyouwillfindyourselfdoingscience.
控制津液的分泌排泄属于气的
与血液化生关系最密切的脏腑是
Scienceisawayofthinkingmuchmorethanitisabodyofknowledge.46Itsgoalistofindouthowtheworldworkstoseekwhatregularitiestheremaybetopenetratetotheconnectionsofthings—fromsubnuclearparticleswhichmaybetheconstituentsofallmattertolivingorganismsthehumansocialcommunityandhencetothecosmosasawhole.Ourintuitionisbynomeansaninfallibleguide.Ourperceptionsmaybedistortedbytrainingandprejudiceormerelybecauseofthelimitationsofthephenomenaoftheworld.47EvensostraightforwardaquestionaswhetherintheabsenceoffrictionapoundofleadfallsfasterthanagramoffluffwasansweredincorrectlybyAristotleandalmosteveryoneelsebeforethetimeofGalileo.Scienceisbasedonexperimentonawillingnesstochallengeolddogmaonanopennesstoseetheuniverseasitreallyis.Accordinglysciencesometimesrequirescourage—attheveryleastthecouragetoquestiontheconventionalwisdom. 48Beyondthisthemaintrickofscienceistoreallythinkofsomething:theshapeofcloudsandtheiroccasionalsharpbottomedgesatthesamealtitudeeverywhereinthesky;theformationofadewdroponaleaf;theoriginofanameoraword;thereasonforhumansocialcustoms—theincesttabooforexample;howitisthatalensinsunlightcanmakepaperburn;howa"walkingstick"gottolooksomuchlikeatwig;whytheMoonseemstofollowusaswewalk;whatpreventsusfromdiggingaholedowntothecenteroftheEarth;whatthedefinitionisof"down"onasphericalearth;howitispossibleforthebodytoconvertyesterday’slunchintotoday’smuscleandsinew;orhowfarisup—doestheuniversegoonforeverorifitdoesnotisthereanymeaningtothequestionofwhatliesontheothersideSomeofthesequestionsareprettyeasy.Othersespeciallythelastaremysteriestowhichnooneeventodayknowstheanswer.Theyarenaturalquestionstoask.49Everyculturehasposedsuchquestionsinonewayoranotherandalmostalwaystheproposedanswersareinthenatureof"JustSoStories"attemptedexplanationsdivorcedfromexperimentorevenfromcarefulcomparativeobservations. Butthescientificcastofmindexaminestheworldcriticallyasifmanyalternativeworldsmightexistasifotherthingsmightbeherewhicharenot.Thenweareforcedtoaskwhywhatweseeispresentandnotsomethingelse.WhyaretheSunandtheMoonandtheplanetsspheresWhynotpyramidsorcubesordodecahedraWhynotirregularjumblyshapesWhysosymmetricalworlds50Ifyouspendanytimespinninghypothesescheckingtoseewhethertheymakesensewhethertheyconformtowhatelseweknowthinkingoftestsyoucanposetosubstantiateordeflateyourhypothesesyouwillfindyourselfdoingscience.Andasyoucometopracticethishabitofthoughtmoreandmoreyouwillgetbetterandbetteratit. Itsgoalistofindouthowtheworldworkstoseekwhatregularitiestheremaybetopenetratetotheconnectionsofthings—fromsubnuclearparticleswhichmaybetheconstituentsofallmattertolivingorganismsthehumansocialcommunityandhencetothecosmosasawhole.
JohnWinstonLennonwasbornintoaworldatwarwithitself—aperfectsymboloftheinternalcontradictionsthatdefinedhislifeandmusic.Germanaircraftweredroppingbombsonhiscityattheverymomentofhisarrival. 41____________.LennonalsohadapowerfulattachmenttohismotherJuliathatlingeredlongaftershediedin1958;theclassic1968albumTheBeatlesknownasthe"WhiteAlbum"foritswhitealbumlinerincludedhissong"Julia"—anexquisiteexpressionofrawsorrow.WhenheandMcCartneyfirstmetonJuly6th1957—atachurchpicnicwhereLennon’sbandwasastarattraction—Lennonwasbuddingintoafusionofboldattitudekeenwitandhonestcharm.TheBeatlesgavehimtheroomtobloom. 42____________. Inafewwaysthecurrentboy-bandphenomenonissimplytheBeatleswithamoderntwist:hugerecordsalesadoringyoungwomenqueueduponthesidewalksoutsidetheirconcertsandthecircus-likeatmospheresurroundingtheireverymove.WithhissharphandsomefeaturesandanattractivewarmthcontrastedbyhisacidturnofphraseLennonevokedasmuchhystericalfemaledesireasanymemberoftheBackStreetBoysifnotallofthemputtogether.43____________. LennonandOnoskillfullyusedthedisbeliefandscornthatoftengreetedtheirprovocativeexploitstopromotetheirpeacecampaigns:demonstratingintheirbedclothesforanendtotheVietnamWarinthespringof1969andpayingforhuge"WARISOVER!"signsintwelvecitiesaroundtheworldthefollowingChristmas.44____________. ApeculiarironyofLennon’sstoryisthewaywetendtoworshiptheManandtheBeatleattheexpenseofthesoloartist.TobefrankLennonwasnotalwaysterrificonhisown.45____________. A.TodaythepopularityoftheBeatlesseemslikeadistantmiracleanancientexplosionofenergeticteenagejoy.Survivingfilmsandhistoricalaccountsonlyhintatthemagicofthetwoyears1963and1964inwhichtheBeatlesbroughtBritainandthenAmericahappilytotheirknees. B.TheBeatlesworesuitsandchattedcheerfullywithreportersinthatfirstcoupleofyears.Theyalsomovedquicklytoseizecontrol—oftheirmusictheircareersandtheirindividualdestinies. C.HisimageastheintellectualBeatle—theshybrilliantseekeroftruthwithastubbornstreakandasmartmouth—wasrootedinhisdaysasawould-beartstudentandteenagerebelwitharemarkableintellect.HefoundsubstitutefatherfiguresinAmericanrockmusicians. D.OnthefinaldayofhislifeLennongaveaninterviewtopromotewhatwouldbehisfinalalbum.Whenaskedabouthis1971singlerecording"PowertothePeople"Lennonsaidhenowbelievedthatpeopledohavethepower."Idon’tmeanthepowerofthegun"heexplained."Theyhavethepowertomakeandcreatethesocietytheywant." E.ThecoupleplantedtreesforpeaceatCoventryCathedralinEnglandandinearly1970cuttheirhairforpeace.InopenlycourtingpublicscornLennonandOnoengineeredavitalpublicdebateaboutpeaceandloveasrealisticgoalsnotjustnaivenonsense. F.Thekeylineinthose"WARISOVER!"signswasinthesmalltypenearthebottom:IFYOUWANTIT.WhenJohnLennondiedheleftuswithauniquebodyofworkandthemostvaluablelessonrock&rollhastooffer:anythingispossible—ifyouwantit. G.HeneverdidbetterthantheintensityandhowlofhisJohnLennon/PlasticOnoBandalbumbutthereismuchinLennon’spost-Beatlemusictobeappreciated.Recordedduringhisso-calledlostweekend—aperiodofseparationfromOno—the1974albumWallsandBridgesisastrikingtestimonytothewretcheddesperationhefelt. 44
Thepeoplewhoanswerthephonegetanendlessstreamofcallsfrompeoplewhoareextremelyupsetthattheirelectricitygotturnedoffjustbecausetheyfailedtopaytheirbillfor297monthsorpeopleaskingquestionslike"IsitOKtooperateanelectricappliancewhiletakingabath" Solet’ssaythatyouhaveagenuineproblemwithyourelectricbill.Thepeoplein"CustomerService"havenowayofknowingthatyou’reanintelligentrationalperson.They’regoingtolumpyouinwiththeusualnot-so-brightpublic.Asfarasthey’reconcernedtherelevantfactsinanydisputebetweenyouandthemarethese: 1.Theyhaveabunchofelectricity. 2.Youneedit. 3.Soshutup. Thisiswhymoreandmorethepeoplein"CustomerService"won’teventalktoyou.TheyprefertoletyoutalktotheconvenientAutomaticPhoneAnsweringSystemuntilsuchatimeasyoudieofoldage"...IfyourFIRSTnamehasmorethaneightlettersandyourLASTnamebeginswith’H’through’L’press251NOW.IfyourfirstnamehasLESSthaneightlettersandyourlastnamecontainsatleasttwo’E’spress252NOW.Ifyour..." SoisthereanywaythatyouthelowlyconsumercangaintheseriousattentionofalargeandpowerfulbusinessIampleasedtoreportthatthereISawaywhichIfoundoutaboutthankstoanalertreaderwhosentmeanewsreportfromRussia.AccordingtothisreportaRussianelectriccompanygotintoadisputewithacustomerandcutoffthecustomer’selectricity.ThiscustomerhoweverhappenedtobeaunitoftheRussianArmy.Sothecommanderorderedatanktodriveovertotheelectriccompany’sofficeandaimitsgunatthewindows.Theelectricitywasturnedrightbackon. OnbehalfofconsumerseverywhereIwanttokissthismilitarycommanderonthelips.ImeanwhataGREATconcept.Imagineasaconsumerhowmuchmoreseriouslyyourcomplaintwouldhetakenifyouwerecomplainingfrominsideavehiclecapableofreducingtheentire"CustomerService"departmenttotinysmokingpieces.WhatIamsayingis:ForgettheAutomatedPhoneAnsweringSystem.Getatank. Perhapsyouarethinking:"Butatankcostsseveralmilliondollarsnotincludingfloormats.Idon’thavethatkindofmoney." Don’tbesilly.You’reaconsumerrightYouhavecreditcardsright Perhapsyouarethinking:"YesbuthowamIgoingtopaythecredit-cardcompany" Don’tbesilly.Youhaveatankright HowdidthecustomersettlethedisputewithRussianelectriccompany
WhenIwas13mymotherdied.ThroughmyownsorrowIwasawareofthegreatlossthiswastoPop.Buthemadeonlyonereferencetohisownmisery.Hesaid"Tobehappyeverydayistobenothappyatall."Hewassayingtohissonsthathappinessisnotastateyouachieveandkeepbutsomethingthatmustbewonoverandovernomatterwhatthedefeatsandlosses. LaterthatyearIgotajobasanentertainerinsmallclubsandsuddenlyIknewthiswasthecareerIhadbeensearchingfor.TheworldofthetheaterwasfarremovedfromtheworldofmyfatheryetIfoundmyselfreturningtohimtimeandagainforthesamereasonhisfriendsdid. WhenIwas20Igotwhateveryactordreamsof—apermanentjob!AtthattimeatthedepthofthedepressionactorswereoutofworkbythehundredsyetIwantedtoquitthatjobbecauseIneedednewexperiencesandchallenges. Popheardmeoutthensaid"Therearesomepeoplewhoalwayshavetotestthemselvestostretchtheirwingsandtrynewwinds.Ifyouthinkyoucanfindmorehappinessandusefulnessthiswaythenyoushoulddoit."ThisadvicecamefromamanwhoneverleftasecurejobinhislifewhohadtheEuropeantraditionoffamilyresponsibilitybutwhoknewIwasdifferent.HeunderstoodwhatIneededtodoandhehelpedmedoit. ForthenextfewyearsIworkedinclubsandthenIgotmybigbreakappearinginamajormovie.AfterthatIwenttoHollywoodandfromthenonPoplivedwithmeandmyfamilythere.Wehadabigpartyoneevening.ThatnightIthoughtPopmightenjoyhearingsomeoftheoldfolksongsweusedtosingathome.WhenIbegantosingthemusicandthememoriesweretoomuchforhimtoresistandhecameovertojoinme.Ifadedawayandhewasinthemiddleoftheroomsingingalone—inacleartruevoice.Hesangfor15minutesbeforesomeoftheworld’shighest-paidstars.ThissimplekindlyoldmansingingofourEuropeanrootshadtouchedsomethingdeepinthesesophisticatedpeople.Whenhefinishedtherewasoverwhelmingapplause. Iknewtheapplausethatnightwasnotjustforaperformance;itwasforaman. Thepurposeoftheauthorinwritingthetextisto
Asimplepairofpantsmaycontainamultitudeofmeanings.Inthe1850sjeansweretheunemotionaldurabledressofthosethatcametoCaliforniatolaborinthegoldfields.Seamswerestrengthenedwithmetalpinstomakethemholdatechnologyborrowedfromtheconstructionofhorseblankets.Clothforbeastsofburdenwastranslatedtotheneedsofmenofburden.Theseweretheclothesofhard-laboringpeopleandthesepantsheldlittlepromiseforthemenwhoworethemsavethepromisethattheywouldbereadyforthenextday’slabors. DuringthesamedecadeinthecourtofoneEuropeanqueen"thegownwornbyafashionableladyinattendancecontained1100yardsofmaterialnotincludinglaceandotherornaments."Americanwomenofwealthwerealsowrappedinanabundanceofcloth.Whilemakersofjeansworriedoverhowmanymencouldbefittedintoagivenamountofclothforwomenofwealththeconcernwaswithhowmanyyardsofclothcouldbeattractivelyarrangeduponagivenindividual.Thiswasthemarkofprosperity:towearenoughmaterialonone’sbacktoclothemanyofmoremodestmeans. Thefashionablerichcouldnotimaginethemselveswearingthevulgarcanvaspantsofworkersand"peasants".Neithercouldworking-classpeoplereasonablyimaginethemselvesinthecostumesofwealthandpower.Tileonlyfashionlinkbetweenthem—subtleatbest—wasthesterntophatofwealthycapitalistsacoal-blackcylindersymbolizingthefactorychimneypipesthatbroughtprofittoonehardshiptotheother.Bluejeansonlysignifiedlaborandsweat. Yearslatertheclothingofnineteenth-centurylaborerswouldassumenewanddifferentmeanings.Humblebeginningsbecameincreasinglyobscurewithintheunfoldingofpopularculture.InthemoviesthehorseridersoftheearlycattleindustrywererebornassymbolsofanobleruralsimplicityandbluejeansbecameconspicuouswithinthelandscapeoftheAmericanmedia.Onthescreenthesepantsteasedtheimaginationsofcityfolkwholongedforasimplerandlesscorruptlife.Whilelaborerswouldcontinuetowearthematworknowthewell-offmightputonapairathomeorinthegarden—anescapefromthedisciplineofthebusinessworld. Inthe1950sbluejeansbecameastatementbythosewhowishedtoboycottthevaluesofaconsumer-basedsocietythatwasconcernedonlywithacquisition.Blue-jeans-wearingrebelsofpopularmovieswereanexpressionofcontempttowardstheemptyandobedientsilenceofCold-WarAmerica;thepositiveimagesofAmericanconsumersocietywereundersiege.WhathadbeenapieceoftraditionalAmericanculture—bluejeans—becamearejectionoftraditionalculture. Thebesttitleforthepassagemaybe
Lotsofcreaturesalreadyreproducewithoutsex.SincethebirthofLouiseBrownthefirsttest-tubebabyin19781ofhumanbeings2inlaboratoryglasswareratherthaninbed. Ifhumancloningbecomespossible—andsincethebirthofasheepcalledDolly3doubtthatitwillbefeasibletocloneapersonby2025—eventhelinkbetweensexorgansandreproduction4.Youwillthenbeabletotakeacuttingfromyourbodyandgrowanewperson5youwereawillowtree. 6wehavealreadydivorcedsexfromreproduction.Inthe1960sthecontraceptivepillfreedwomentoenjoysexforitsownsake.7greatertoleranceofhomosexualitysignaledsociety’sacceptanceofnonreproductivesexofanothersort.Thesechangesareonlycontinuationsofa8thatstartedperhapsamillionyearsago. Humanbeings9theinterestininfertilesocialsexwithafewotherspecies:dolphinsapesandsomebirds.But10sexistoogoodforhumanbeingsto11moreandmorepeoplewillabandonitasa12ofreproduction. Inthemodernworldyoucan13havesexandparenthoodwithoutsufferingthebit14.SomeHollywoodactresses15theurgeformotheringbyelectingtoadoptchildren16spoiltheirfiguresastheyseeitbychildbearing.Forpeopleasbeautifulasthisthetemptationto17aclonerearedinasurrogatewombcouldonedaybe18. Howeverhumancloninganddesignerbabiesareprobablynot19.Evenassumingthattheproceduresarejudgedsafeandefficientinfarmanimalsstillalongwayofftheywillbeheavily20ifnotbannedbymanygovernmentsforhumanbeings. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.20
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