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泊公安县 (宋)陆游① 秦关蜀道何辽哉!公安渡头今始回。 无穷江水与天接，不断海风吹月来。 船窗帘卷萤火闹，沙渚露下萍花开。 少年许国忽衰老，心折舵楼长笛哀。 [注]①陆游经公安入蜀已辗转...
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阅读下面这首宋诗然后回答问题泊公安县陆游秦关蜀道何辽哉！公安渡头今始回无穷江水与天接不断海风吹月来船
补写出下列名篇名句中的空缺部分6分1予尝求古仁人之心或异二者之为何哉不以己悲处江湖之远则忧其君范仲淹
泊公安县宋陆游①秦关蜀道何辽哉!公安渡头今始回无穷江水与天接不断海风吹月来船窗帘卷萤火闹沙渚露下萍花
公安三袁指明代湖北公安县诗人袁宗道袁宏道和兄弟
翻译游山西村宋·陆游
陆游书愤中有楼船夜雪瓜洲渡铁马秋风大散关的诗句这里的大散关至淮水是哪两个政权的分界线
北宋与西夏
北宋与辽
南宋与辽
南宋与金
关河梦断何处___________________陆游诉衷情
泊公安县宋陆游①秦关蜀道何辽哉!公安渡头今始回无穷江水与天接不断海风吹月来船窗帘卷萤火闹沙渚露下萍花
陆游字务观号放翁山阴今浙江绍兴人年轻时曾从曾几学诗约20岁时与唐琬结婚后因母亲干涉而离异陆游曾在当时
陆游的书愤中楼船夜雪瓜洲渡铁马秋风大散关其中大散关至淮水是两个政权的分界线这两个政权是
北宋与辽
北宋与西夏
南宋与金
南宋与辽
阅读下面一首宋词然后回答问题8分蝶恋花陆游桐叶晨飘蛩夜语旅思秋光黯黯长安路忽记横戈盘马处散关清渭应如
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Itisclearthatsomechemicalscandamagethehealthofanimalsandhumans.1thisisnottheonlyproblemthat2becausedbythecarelessuseofchemicals.Chemicalscanalso3theecologicalbalanceoftheenvironment.Iftheecologicalbalanceisdisturbedtheresultscanbe4serious. The5ofDDTillustratestheproblem.DDTachemicalwhichkillsinsectsatfirstseemedtobeaperfectanswer6manyproblems.Itwouldcontrolinsectsthatcauseddangerousdiseases7insectsthatcausedbillionsofdollarsofdamagetocropseveryyear.Governmentspermittedandeven8theuseofDDT.Farmersinmanycountries9tosprayitontheircrops.The10resultsweregood:Damagetocrops11downandprofitswentup.Howeverthechemicalhadeffectswhichthescientistsdidn’tseein12.Firstitalsokilledinsectswhichwerethe13enemiesoftheharmfulinsectsandwhichwerethereforebeneficialtofarmers.SecondandperhapsworseDDTdidnotkill14harmfulinsect.Afewinsectshadnaturalresistancetothechemical.They15andreproducedinlargenumbers.Inafewyearstherewerelargenumbersofinsectswhichwerenot16byDDTandtherewere17insectswhichcouldactasnatural18onthesenew"super-insects".FinallyitbecameclearthatDDTwasnotsolvingtheinsectproblem.Infactitwasmakingtheproblemworse.It19becamenecessarytofindasecond20fortheeffectsofthefirst. 4
不仅我而且汤姆和玛丽都喜欢游泳
——I'msufferingfromastomachache.
Somespidershuntonthegroundothersbuildwebstotraptheirfoodbutthegrasswaterspidercatchesitspreybyrunningalongthesurfaceofthewater. Thisspecialwaterspiderlivesonthegrassybanksofstreamswheremosquitoesdamselfliesandotherinsectscometofeedandbreed. AlthoughitisoneofthelargestspidersinNewZealandithasanunusualability.Itdoesn’tdisturbthewaterasitwaitsforitsmealandthereisbarelyaripplewhenitskimsacrossthesurfaceatlightningspeedtocatchitsprey. Grasswaterspidersdealswiftlywithlargerinsectslikedamselfliesbypullingtheirheadsunderthewaterandholdingthemthereuntiltheydrown. Afteramealthegrasswaterspiderspendsuptohalfanhourgroomingitself.Itwipesitseighteyesbrushesitsantennaeandtakesspecialcaretocleanthehairsonitsbody. Itisthehairsthattraptinybubblesofairsothatthespidercanrundownabladeofgrassandstayunderwaterforuptoanhourwhenitisfrightened.Thehairsalsokeepthespiderdryevenunderwater. Itisonlywhenthefemalespideriscaringfortheyoungthatshedoesnothuntonthewater.Aftermatingsheproducesalargeeggsacwhichshecarriesaroundforfiveweeks.Oncetheeggsstarttohatchsheattachesthesactosomebladesofgrassorathistle.Shethentearsthesacopenandreleasesthetinyspidersintothenurseryweb. Thepurposeofthepassageisto
Itisclearthatsomechemicalscandamagethehealthofanimalsandhumans.1thisisnottheonlyproblemthat2becausedbythecarelessuseofchemicals.Chemicalscanalso3theecologicalbalanceoftheenvironment.Iftheecologicalbalanceisdisturbedtheresultscanbe4serious. The5ofDDTillustratestheproblem.DDTachemicalwhichkillsinsectsatfirstseemedtobeaperfectanswer6manyproblems.Itwouldcontrolinsectsthatcauseddangerousdiseases7insectsthatcausedbillionsofdollarsofdamagetocropseveryyear.Governmentspermittedandeven8theuseofDDT.Farmersinmanycountries9tosprayitontheircrops.The10resultsweregood:Damagetocrops11downandprofitswentup.Howeverthechemicalhadeffectswhichthescientistsdidn’tseein12.Firstitalsokilledinsectswhichwerethe13enemiesoftheharmfulinsectsandwhichwerethereforebeneficialtofarmers.SecondandperhapsworseDDTdidnotkill14harmfulinsect.Afewinsectshadnaturalresistancetothechemical.They15andreproducedinlargenumbers.Inafewyearstherewerelargenumbersofinsectswhichwerenot16byDDTandtherewere17insectswhichcouldactasnatural18onthesenew"super-insects".FinallyitbecameclearthatDDTwasnotsolvingtheinsectproblem.Infactitwasmakingtheproblemworse.It19becamenecessarytofindasecond20fortheeffectsofthefirst. 8
Theaveragepersonlearnsmostofthe30000～40000wordswhosemeaningsheorsherecognizesbyhearingthemorgettingfamiliarwiththeminthecontextorsimplyabsorbingthemwithoutconsciouseffort.Thebestwaytobuildagoodvocabularythereforeistoreadagreatdealandtoparticipateinalotofgoodtalks.Therearerelativelyfewwordsthatwelearnpermanentlybypurposefullyreferringtodictionariesorkeepingwordlists.Howevereventhoseextrafewareofvalueandnoonewillmakeamistakebyworkingondevelopingalargervocabulary.Herearesomesuggestionsofhowtodoit. Readplentyofgoodbooks.Whenyoucomeacrossanewwordoranewmeaningofanoldwordstopandseeifyoucanunderstanditfromitscontext.Ifyoucan’tandifyoucanmanagewithoutinterruptingthethoughtofthebooktoomuchlookitupinadictionaryorasksomebodyandthenrepeatitsmeaningtoyourselfacoupleoftimes.Ifyouarereallyconscientiouswritethewordanditsmeaninginapersonalvocabularylist—preferablyusingitinasentenceoryoucankeepaspecialvocabularynotebook.Gooverthelistfromtimetotime.Furthertrytouseanewwordinwritingorconversationafewtimesoverthenextseveraldays. Listentogoodtalksandbealerttonewwordsyouhearortonewmeaningsofwordsyoualreadyknow.Thentreatthemjustasyoutreatthenewwordsyouread. Learnandbealerttothepartsofwords:prefixessuffixesandroots.Knowingthemenablesyoutomakeintelligentguessesaboutthemeaningofwords. IfyouarestudyingaforeignlanguagebealerttowordsinthatlanguagewhichrelatetowordsinEnglish.Englishhasinheritedorborrowedmuchofitsvocabularyof500000～600000wordsfromLatinGreekFrenchSpanishandGerman. Whenyoumeetanewwordinreadingwhatshouldyoudo
Itisclearthatsomechemicalscandamagethehealthofanimalsandhumans.1thisisnottheonlyproblemthat2becausedbythecarelessuseofchemicals.Chemicalscanalso3theecologicalbalanceoftheenvironment.Iftheecologicalbalanceisdisturbedtheresultscanbe4serious. The5ofDDTillustratestheproblem.DDTachemicalwhichkillsinsectsatfirstseemedtobeaperfectanswer6manyproblems.Itwouldcontrolinsectsthatcauseddangerousdiseases7insectsthatcausedbillionsofdollarsofdamagetocropseveryyear.Governmentspermittedandeven8theuseofDDT.Farmersinmanycountries9tosprayitontheircrops.The10resultsweregood:Damagetocrops11downandprofitswentup.Howeverthechemicalhadeffectswhichthescientistsdidn’tseein12.Firstitalsokilledinsectswhichwerethe13enemiesoftheharmfulinsectsandwhichwerethereforebeneficialtofarmers.SecondandperhapsworseDDTdidnotkill14harmfulinsect.Afewinsectshadnaturalresistancetothechemical.They15andreproducedinlargenumbers.Inafewyearstherewerelargenumbersofinsectswhichwerenot16byDDTandtherewere17insectswhichcouldactasnatural18onthesenew"super-insects".FinallyitbecameclearthatDDTwasnotsolvingtheinsectproblem.Infactitwasmakingtheproblemworse.It19becamenecessarytofindasecond20fortheeffectsofthefirst. 6
Itisclearthatsomechemicalscandamagethehealthofanimalsandhumans.1thisisnottheonlyproblemthat2becausedbythecarelessuseofchemicals.Chemicalscanalso3theecologicalbalanceoftheenvironment.Iftheecologicalbalanceisdisturbedtheresultscanbe4serious. The5ofDDTillustratestheproblem.DDTachemicalwhichkillsinsectsatfirstseemedtobeaperfectanswer6manyproblems.Itwouldcontrolinsectsthatcauseddangerousdiseases7insectsthatcausedbillionsofdollarsofdamagetocropseveryyear.Governmentspermittedandeven8theuseofDDT.Farmersinmanycountries9tosprayitontheircrops.The10resultsweregood:Damagetocrops11downandprofitswentup.Howeverthechemicalhadeffectswhichthescientistsdidn’tseein12.Firstitalsokilledinsectswhichwerethe13enemiesoftheharmfulinsectsandwhichwerethereforebeneficialtofarmers.SecondandperhapsworseDDTdidnotkill14harmfulinsect.Afewinsectshadnaturalresistancetothechemical.They15andreproducedinlargenumbers.Inafewyearstherewerelargenumbersofinsectswhichwerenot16byDDTandtherewere17insectswhichcouldactasnatural18onthesenew"super-insects".FinallyitbecameclearthatDDTwasnotsolvingtheinsectproblem.Infactitwasmakingtheproblemworse.It19becamenecessarytofindasecond20fortheeffectsofthefirst. 12
AcharacteristicofAmericanculturethathasbecomealmostatraditionistorespecttheself-mademan—themanwhohasrisentothetopthroughhisowneffortsusuallybeginningbyworkingwithhishands.WhiletheleaderinbusinessorindustryorthecollegeprofessoroccupiesahighersocialpositionandcommandsgreaterrespectinthecommunitythanthecommonlaboreroreventheskilledfactoryworkerhemaytakepainstopointoutthathisfatherstartedlifeinAmericaasafarmerorlaborerofsomesort. ThisattitudetowardmanuallaborisnowstillseeninmanyaspectsofAmericanlife.Oneisinvitedtodinneratahomethatisnotonlycomfortablybutevenluxuriouslyfurnishedandinwhichthereiseveryevidenceofthefactthatthefamilyhasbeenabletoaffordforeigntravelexpensivehobbiesandcollegeeducationforthechildren;yetthehostessprobablywillcookthedinnerherselfwillserveitherselfandwillwashdishesafterwardfurthermorethedinnerwillnotconsistmerelyofsomethingquicklyandeasilyassembledfromcontentsofvariouscansandacakeorapieboughtatthenearbybakery.Onthecontrarythehostessusuallytakesprideincarefulpreparationofspecialdishes.Aprofessionalmanmaytalkaboutwashingthecardigginginhisflowerbedspaintingthehouse.Hiswifemayevenhelpwiththesethingsjustasheoftenhelpsherwiththedishwashing.Thesonwhoisawayatcollegemaywaitontableandwashdishesforhislivingorduringthesummerhemayworkwithaconstructiongangonahighwayinordertopayforhiseducation. Theexpressionwaitontableinthesecondparagraphmeans.
—I'mnottoohappyabouttheproject.Whatshallwedonext—.EverythingwillbeOKintheend.
—thecarseat.It'swet.—Thankyoufortellingme.
稍等一会儿我会帮助你的
InOctober1961atCrowleyFieldinCincinnatiOhioanolddeafgentlemannamedWilliamE.HoystooduptothrowthefirstballoftheWorldSeries.MostpeopleatCrowleyFieldonthatdayprobablydidnotrememberHoybecausehehadretiredfromprofessionalbaseball58yearsearlierin1903.Howeverhehadbeenanoutstandingplayerandthedeafpeoplestilltalkabouthimandhisyearsinbaseball. WilliamE.HoywasborninHouckstownOhioonMay231862.Hebecamedeafwhenhewastwoyearsold.HeattendedtheColumbusOhioSchoolforthedeaf.Aftergraduationhestartedplayingbaseballwhileworkingasashoemaker. Hoybeganplayingprofessionalbaseballin1886forOshkoshWisconsinoftheNorthwesternLeague.In1888hestartedasanoutfielderwiththeoldWashingtonSenators.Hissmallfigureandspeedmadehimanoutstandingbaserunner.Hewasverygoodatstealingbasesduringhiscareer.Inthe1888majorleagueseasonhestole82bases.HewasalsotheSenators’leadinghitterin1888.Hoywascleverandhethrewright-handedandbattedleft-handed.OnJune191889hethrewoutthreebattersattheplatefromhisoutfieldposition. ThearmsignalsusedbyjudgestodaytoshowballsandstrikesbeganbecauseofHoy.Thejudgeliftedhisrightarmtoshowthatthepitchwasastrikeandhisleftarmtosignalthatitwasaball. FormanyyearspeopletalkedaboutHoy’slastballgamein1903.HewasplayingforLosAngelesofthePacificCoastWinterLeague.ItwasamemorablegamebecauseHoyhitawonderfulballwhichwonthegame.Itwasaveryfoggydayandthereforeveryhardtoseetheball.IntheninthinningwithtwomenoutHoymanagedtocatchaflyballtomakethethirdoutinspiteofthefog.LosAngelesdefeatedtheiroppositionandwonthegame. AfterheretiredHoystayedbusy.HeranadairyfarmnearCincinnatifor20years.Healsobecameapublicspeakerandtraveledgivingspeeches.Untilafewyearsbeforehisdeathhetook4～10milewalksseveralmorningsaweek.OnDecember151961WilliamHoydiedattheageof99. WecaninferfromthelastparagraphthatHoyinhislateyears.
Withalotofdifficultproblemsthemanagerfeltworriedallthetime.
Doyouknowthesingeranddancerwhoatthegate
Believeitornotopticalillusioncancuthighwaycrashes. Japanisacaseinpoint.Ithasreducedautomobilecrashesonsomeroadsbynearly75percentusingasimpleopticalillusion.Butstripescalledchevronspaintedontheroadsmakedriversthinkthattheyaredrivingfasterthantheyreallyareandthusdriversslowdown. NowtheAmericanAutomobileAssociationFoundationforTrafficSafetyinWashingtonD.C.isplanningtorepeatJapan’ssuccess.Startingnextyearthefoundationwillpaintchevronsandotherpatternsofstripesonselectedroadsaroundthecountrytotesthowwellthepatternsreducehighwaycrashes. Excessivetoogreatspeedplaysamajorroleinasmuchasonefifthofallfataltrafficaccidentsaccordingtothefoundation.Tohelpreducethoseaccidentsthefoundationwillconductitstestsinareaswherespeed-relatedhazardsdangerarethegreatestcurvesexitslopestrafficcirclesandbridges. Somestudiessuggestthatstraighthorizontalbarspaintedacrossroadscaninitiallycuttheaveragespeedofdriversinhalf.Howevertrafficoftenreturnstofullspeedwithinmonthsasdriversbecomeusedtoseeingthepaintedbars. Chevronsscientistssaynotonlygivedriverstheimpressionthattheyaredrivingfasterthantheyreallyarebutalsomakealaneappeartobenarrower.Theresultisalongerlastingreductioninhighwayspeedandthenumberoftrafficaccidents. Onroadspaintedwithchevronsdriverstendtofeelthat
Thedriverbegantospeeduptoforthehourhadlostinthetrafficjam.
Itisclearthatsomechemicalscandamagethehealthofanimalsandhumans.1thisisnottheonlyproblemthat2becausedbythecarelessuseofchemicals.Chemicalscanalso3theecologicalbalanceoftheenvironment.Iftheecologicalbalanceisdisturbedtheresultscanbe4serious. The5ofDDTillustratestheproblem.DDTachemicalwhichkillsinsectsatfirstseemedtobeaperfectanswer6manyproblems.Itwouldcontrolinsectsthatcauseddangerousdiseases7insectsthatcausedbillionsofdollarsofdamagetocropseveryyear.Governmentspermittedandeven8theuseofDDT.Farmersinmanycountries9tosprayitontheircrops.The10resultsweregood:Damagetocrops11downandprofitswentup.Howeverthechemicalhadeffectswhichthescientistsdidn’tseein12.Firstitalsokilledinsectswhichwerethe13enemiesoftheharmfulinsectsandwhichwerethereforebeneficialtofarmers.SecondandperhapsworseDDTdidnotkill14harmfulinsect.Afewinsectshadnaturalresistancetothechemical.They15andreproducedinlargenumbers.Inafewyearstherewerelargenumbersofinsectswhichwerenot16byDDTandtherewere17insectswhichcouldactasnatural18onthesenew"super-insects".FinallyitbecameclearthatDDTwasnotsolvingtheinsectproblem.Infactitwasmakingtheproblemworse.It19becamenecessarytofindasecond20fortheeffectsofthefirst. 2
Itisclearthatsomechemicalscandamagethehealthofanimalsandhumans.1thisisnottheonlyproblemthat2becausedbythecarelessuseofchemicals.Chemicalscanalso3theecologicalbalanceoftheenvironment.Iftheecologicalbalanceisdisturbedtheresultscanbe4serious. The5ofDDTillustratestheproblem.DDTachemicalwhichkillsinsectsatfirstseemedtobeaperfectanswer6manyproblems.Itwouldcontrolinsectsthatcauseddangerousdiseases7insectsthatcausedbillionsofdollarsofdamagetocropseveryyear.Governmentspermittedandeven8theuseofDDT.Farmersinmanycountries9tosprayitontheircrops.The10resultsweregood:Damagetocrops11downandprofitswentup.Howeverthechemicalhadeffectswhichthescientistsdidn’tseein12.Firstitalsokilledinsectswhichwerethe13enemiesoftheharmfulinsectsandwhichwerethereforebeneficialtofarmers.SecondandperhapsworseDDTdidnotkill14harmfulinsect.Afewinsectshadnaturalresistancetothechemical.They15andreproducedinlargenumbers.Inafewyearstherewerelargenumbersofinsectswhichwerenot16byDDTandtherewere17insectswhichcouldactasnatural18onthesenew"super-insects".FinallyitbecameclearthatDDTwasnotsolvingtheinsectproblem.Infactitwasmakingtheproblemworse.It19becamenecessarytofindasecond20fortheeffectsofthefirst. 14
Itisclearthatsomechemicalscandamagethehealthofanimalsandhumans.1thisisnottheonlyproblemthat2becausedbythecarelessuseofchemicals.Chemicalscanalso3theecologicalbalanceoftheenvironment.Iftheecologicalbalanceisdisturbedtheresultscanbe4serious. The5ofDDTillustratestheproblem.DDTachemicalwhichkillsinsectsatfirstseemedtobeaperfectanswer6manyproblems.Itwouldcontrolinsectsthatcauseddangerousdiseases7insectsthatcausedbillionsofdollarsofdamagetocropseveryyear.Governmentspermittedandeven8theuseofDDT.Farmersinmanycountries9tosprayitontheircrops.The10resultsweregood:Damagetocrops11downandprofitswentup.Howeverthechemicalhadeffectswhichthescientistsdidn’tseein12.Firstitalsokilledinsectswhichwerethe13enemiesoftheharmfulinsectsandwhichwerethereforebeneficialtofarmers.SecondandperhapsworseDDTdidnotkill14harmfulinsect.Afewinsectshadnaturalresistancetothechemical.They15andreproducedinlargenumbers.Inafewyearstherewerelargenumbersofinsectswhichwerenot16byDDTandtherewere17insectswhichcouldactasnatural18onthesenew"super-insects".FinallyitbecameclearthatDDTwasnotsolvingtheinsectproblem.Infactitwasmakingtheproblemworse.It19becamenecessarytofindasecond20fortheeffectsofthefirst. 16
AcharacteristicofAmericanculturethathasbecomealmostatraditionistorespecttheself-mademan—themanwhohasrisentothetopthroughhisowneffortsusuallybeginningbyworkingwithhishands.WhiletheleaderinbusinessorindustryorthecollegeprofessoroccupiesahighersocialpositionandcommandsgreaterrespectinthecommunitythanthecommonlaboreroreventheskilledfactoryworkerhemaytakepainstopointoutthathisfatherstartedlifeinAmericaasafarmerorlaborerofsomesort. ThisattitudetowardmanuallaborisnowstillseeninmanyaspectsofAmericanlife.Oneisinvitedtodinneratahomethatisnotonlycomfortablybutevenluxuriouslyfurnishedandinwhichthereiseveryevidenceofthefactthatthefamilyhasbeenabletoaffordforeigntravelexpensivehobbiesandcollegeeducationforthechildren;yetthehostessprobablywillcookthedinnerherselfwillserveitherselfandwillwashdishesafterwardfurthermorethedinnerwillnotconsistmerelyofsomethingquicklyandeasilyassembledfromcontentsofvariouscansandacakeorapieboughtatthenearbybakery.Onthecontrarythehostessusuallytakesprideincarefulpreparationofspecialdishes.Aprofessionalmanmaytalkaboutwashingthecardigginginhisflowerbedspaintingthehouse.Hiswifemayevenhelpwiththesethingsjustasheoftenhelpsherwiththedishwashing.Thesonwhoisawayatcollegemaywaitontableandwashdishesforhislivingorduringthesummerhemayworkwithaconstructiongangonahighwayinordertopayforhiseducation. Fromparagraph1wecanknowthatinAmerica
InOctober1961atCrowleyFieldinCincinnatiOhioanolddeafgentlemannamedWilliamE.HoystooduptothrowthefirstballoftheWorldSeries.MostpeopleatCrowleyFieldonthatdayprobablydidnotrememberHoybecausehehadretiredfromprofessionalbaseball58yearsearlierin1903.Howeverhehadbeenanoutstandingplayerandthedeafpeoplestilltalkabouthimandhisyearsinbaseball. WilliamE.HoywasborninHouckstownOhioonMay231862.Hebecamedeafwhenhewastwoyearsold.HeattendedtheColumbusOhioSchoolforthedeaf.Aftergraduationhestartedplayingbaseballwhileworkingasashoemaker. Hoybeganplayingprofessionalbaseballin1886forOshkoshWisconsinoftheNorthwesternLeague.In1888hestartedasanoutfielderwiththeoldWashingtonSenators.Hissmallfigureandspeedmadehimanoutstandingbaserunner.Hewasverygoodatstealingbasesduringhiscareer.Inthe1888majorleagueseasonhestole82bases.HewasalsotheSenators’leadinghitterin1888.Hoywascleverandhethrewright-handedandbattedleft-handed.OnJune191889hethrewoutthreebattersattheplatefromhisoutfieldposition. ThearmsignalsusedbyjudgestodaytoshowballsandstrikesbeganbecauseofHoy.Thejudgeliftedhisrightarmtoshowthatthepitchwasastrikeandhisleftarmtosignalthatitwasaball. FormanyyearspeopletalkedaboutHoy’slastballgamein1903.HewasplayingforLosAngelesofthePacificCoastWinterLeague.ItwasamemorablegamebecauseHoyhitawonderfulballwhichwonthegame.Itwasaveryfoggydayandthereforeveryhardtoseetheball.IntheninthinningwithtwomenoutHoymanagedtocatchaflyballtomakethethirdoutinspiteofthefog.LosAngelesdefeatedtheiroppositionandwonthegame. AfterheretiredHoystayedbusy.HeranadairyfarmnearCincinnatifor20years.Healsobecameapublicspeakerandtraveledgivingspeeches.Untilafewyearsbeforehisdeathhetook4～10milewalksseveralmorningsaweek.OnDecember151961WilliamHoydiedattheageof99. Whatcanbeinferredfromthispassage
Somespidershuntonthegroundothersbuildwebstotraptheirfoodbutthegrasswaterspidercatchesitspreybyrunningalongthesurfaceofthewater. Thisspecialwaterspiderlivesonthegrassybanksofstreamswheremosquitoesdamselfliesandotherinsectscometofeedandbreed. AlthoughitisoneofthelargestspidersinNewZealandithasanunusualability.Itdoesn’tdisturbthewaterasitwaitsforitsmealandthereisbarelyaripplewhenitskimsacrossthesurfaceatlightningspeedtocatchitsprey. Grasswaterspidersdealswiftlywithlargerinsectslikedamselfliesbypullingtheirheadsunderthewaterandholdingthemthereuntiltheydrown. Afteramealthegrasswaterspiderspendsuptohalfanhourgroomingitself.Itwipesitseighteyesbrushesitsantennaeandtakesspecialcaretocleanthehairsonitsbody. Itisthehairsthattraptinybubblesofairsothatthespidercanrundownabladeofgrassandstayunderwaterforuptoanhourwhenitisfrightened.Thehairsalsokeepthespiderdryevenunderwater. Itisonlywhenthefemalespideriscaringfortheyoungthatshedoesnothuntonthewater.Aftermatingsheproducesalargeeggsacwhichshecarriesaroundforfiveweeks.Oncetheeggsstarttohatchsheattachesthesactosomebladesofgrassorathistle.Shethentearsthesacopenandreleasesthetinyspidersintothenurseryweb. Thewriterdescribesthespecialspiderasspecialbecause
—HowdoyoufindthetalkgivenbyMr.Smith—
Theaveragepersonlearnsmostofthe30000～40000wordswhosemeaningsheorsherecognizesbyhearingthemorgettingfamiliarwiththeminthecontextorsimplyabsorbingthemwithoutconsciouseffort.Thebestwaytobuildagoodvocabularythereforeistoreadagreatdealandtoparticipateinalotofgoodtalks.Therearerelativelyfewwordsthatwelearnpermanentlybypurposefullyreferringtodictionariesorkeepingwordlists.Howevereventhoseextrafewareofvalueandnoonewillmakeamistakebyworkingondevelopingalargervocabulary.Herearesomesuggestionsofhowtodoit. Readplentyofgoodbooks.Whenyoucomeacrossanewwordoranewmeaningofanoldwordstopandseeifyoucanunderstanditfromitscontext.Ifyoucan’tandifyoucanmanagewithoutinterruptingthethoughtofthebooktoomuchlookitupinadictionaryorasksomebodyandthenrepeatitsmeaningtoyourselfacoupleoftimes.Ifyouarereallyconscientiouswritethewordanditsmeaninginapersonalvocabularylist—preferablyusingitinasentenceoryoucankeepaspecialvocabularynotebook.Gooverthelistfromtimetotime.Furthertrytouseanewwordinwritingorconversationafewtimesoverthenextseveraldays. Listentogoodtalksandbealerttonewwordsyouhearortonewmeaningsofwordsyoualreadyknow.Thentreatthemjustasyoutreatthenewwordsyouread. Learnandbealerttothepartsofwords:prefixessuffixesandroots.Knowingthemenablesyoutomakeintelligentguessesaboutthemeaningofwords. IfyouarestudyingaforeignlanguagebealerttowordsinthatlanguagewhichrelatetowordsinEnglish.Englishhasinheritedorborrowedmuchofitsvocabularyof500000～600000wordsfromLatinGreekFrenchSpanishandGerman. Thephrasebealerttointhethirdparagraphmaybestbereplacedby.
Ihavebeenkeepingtheportrait.IcanseeiteverydayasitalwaysremindsmeofmychildhoodinParis.
Believeitornotopticalillusioncancuthighwaycrashes. Japanisacaseinpoint.Ithasreducedautomobilecrashesonsomeroadsbynearly75percentusingasimpleopticalillusion.Butstripescalledchevronspaintedontheroadsmakedriversthinkthattheyaredrivingfasterthantheyreallyareandthusdriversslowdown. NowtheAmericanAutomobileAssociationFoundationforTrafficSafetyinWashingtonD.C.isplanningtorepeatJapan’ssuccess.Startingnextyearthefoundationwillpaintchevronsandotherpatternsofstripesonselectedroadsaroundthecountrytotesthowwellthepatternsreducehighwaycrashes. Excessivetoogreatspeedplaysamajorroleinasmuchasonefifthofallfataltrafficaccidentsaccordingtothefoundation.Tohelpreducethoseaccidentsthefoundationwillconductitstestsinareaswherespeed-relatedhazardsdangerarethegreatestcurvesexitslopestrafficcirclesandbridges. Somestudiessuggestthatstraighthorizontalbarspaintedacrossroadscaninitiallycuttheaveragespeedofdriversinhalf.Howevertrafficoftenreturnstofullspeedwithinmonthsasdriversbecomeusedtoseeingthepaintedbars. Chevronsscientistssaynotonlygivedriverstheimpressionthattheyaredrivingfasterthantheyreallyarebutalsomakealaneappeartobenarrower.Theresultisalongerlastingreductioninhighwayspeedandthenumberoftrafficaccidents. TheAmericanAutomobileAssociationFoundationforTrafficSafetyplansto
Itisclearthatsomechemicalscandamagethehealthofanimalsandhumans.1thisisnottheonlyproblemthat2becausedbythecarelessuseofchemicals.Chemicalscanalso3theecologicalbalanceoftheenvironment.Iftheecologicalbalanceisdisturbedtheresultscanbe4serious. The5ofDDTillustratestheproblem.DDTachemicalwhichkillsinsectsatfirstseemedtobeaperfectanswer6manyproblems.Itwouldcontrolinsectsthatcauseddangerousdiseases7insectsthatcausedbillionsofdollarsofdamagetocropseveryyear.Governmentspermittedandeven8theuseofDDT.Farmersinmanycountries9tosprayitontheircrops.The10resultsweregood:Damagetocrops11downandprofitswentup.Howeverthechemicalhadeffectswhichthescientistsdidn’tseein12.Firstitalsokilledinsectswhichwerethe13enemiesoftheharmfulinsectsandwhichwerethereforebeneficialtofarmers.SecondandperhapsworseDDTdidnotkill14harmfulinsect.Afewinsectshadnaturalresistancetothechemical.They15andreproducedinlargenumbers.Inafewyearstherewerelargenumbersofinsectswhichwerenot16byDDTandtherewere17insectswhichcouldactasnatural18onthesenew"super-insects".FinallyitbecameclearthatDDTwasnotsolvingtheinsectproblem.Infactitwasmakingtheproblemworse.It19becamenecessarytofindasecond20fortheeffectsofthefirst. 20
Itisclearthatsomechemicalscandamagethehealthofanimalsandhumans.1thisisnottheonlyproblemthat2becausedbythecarelessuseofchemicals.Chemicalscanalso3theecologicalbalanceoftheenvironment.Iftheecologicalbalanceisdisturbedtheresultscanbe4serious. The5ofDDTillustratestheproblem.DDTachemicalwhichkillsinsectsatfirstseemedtobeaperfectanswer6manyproblems.Itwouldcontrolinsectsthatcauseddangerousdiseases7insectsthatcausedbillionsofdollarsofdamagetocropseveryyear.Governmentspermittedandeven8theuseofDDT.Farmersinmanycountries9tosprayitontheircrops.The10resultsweregood:Damagetocrops11downandprofitswentup.Howeverthechemicalhadeffectswhichthescientistsdidn’tseein12.Firstitalsokilledinsectswhichwerethe13enemiesoftheharmfulinsectsandwhichwerethereforebeneficialtofarmers.SecondandperhapsworseDDTdidnotkill14harmfulinsect.Afewinsectshadnaturalresistancetothechemical.They15andreproducedinlargenumbers.Inafewyearstherewerelargenumbersofinsectswhichwerenot16byDDTandtherewere17insectswhichcouldactasnatural18onthesenew"super-insects".FinallyitbecameclearthatDDTwasnotsolvingtheinsectproblem.Infactitwasmakingtheproblemworse.It19becamenecessarytofindasecond20fortheeffectsofthefirst. 18
Itisclearthatsomechemicalscandamagethehealthofanimalsandhumans.1thisisnottheonlyproblemthat2becausedbythecarelessuseofchemicals.Chemicalscanalso3theecologicalbalanceoftheenvironment.Iftheecologicalbalanceisdisturbedtheresultscanbe4serious. The5ofDDTillustratestheproblem.DDTachemicalwhichkillsinsectsatfirstseemedtobeaperfectanswer6manyproblems.Itwouldcontrolinsectsthatcauseddangerousdiseases7insectsthatcausedbillionsofdollarsofdamagetocropseveryyear.Governmentspermittedandeven8theuseofDDT.Farmersinmanycountries9tosprayitontheircrops.The10resultsweregood:Damagetocrops11downandprofitswentup.Howeverthechemicalhadeffectswhichthescientistsdidn’tseein12.Firstitalsokilledinsectswhichwerethe13enemiesoftheharmfulinsectsandwhichwerethereforebeneficialtofarmers.SecondandperhapsworseDDTdidnotkill14harmfulinsect.Afewinsectshadnaturalresistancetothechemical.They15andreproducedinlargenumbers.Inafewyearstherewerelargenumbersofinsectswhichwerenot16byDDTandtherewere17insectswhichcouldactasnatural18onthesenew"super-insects".FinallyitbecameclearthatDDTwasnotsolvingtheinsectproblem.Infactitwasmakingtheproblemworse.It19becamenecessarytofindasecond20fortheeffectsofthefirst. 10
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