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TheUnitedStateshashistoricallyhadhigherratesofmarriagethanthoseofotherindustrializedcountries.Thecurrentannualmarriage1intheUnitedStates-about9newmarriagesforevery1000people-is2higherthanitisinotherindustrializedcountries.Howevermarriageis3aswidespreadasitwasseveraldecadesago.4ofAmericanadultswhoaremarried5from72percentin1970to60percentin2002.Thisdoesnotmeanthatlargenumbersofpeoplewillremainunmarried6theirlives.Throughoutthe20thcenturyabout90percentofAmericansmarriedatsome7intheirlives.Experts8thataboutthesameproportionoftoday’syoungadultswilleventuallymarry. Thetimingofmarriagehasvaried9overthepastcentury.In1995theaverageageofwomenintheUnitedStatesatthe10oftheirfirstmarriagewas25.Theaverageageofmenwasabout27.MenandwomenintheUnitedStatesmarry11thefirsttimeatanaverageoffiveyearslaterthanpeople12inthe1950s.13youngadultsofthe1950smarriedyoungerthandidanyprevious14inU.S.history.Today’slaterageofmarriageis15theageofmarriagebetween1890and1940.16agreaterproportionofthepopulationwasmarried95percentduringthe1950sthanatanytimebefore17.Expertsdonotagreeon18the"marriagerush"ofthelate1940sand1950soccurredbutmostsocialscientistsbelieveitrepresenteda19tothereturnofpeacefullifeandprosperityafter15yearsofsevereeconomic20andwar. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.3
Timewaswhenthesolarsystemhadtwowateryworlds.46Directlynextdoortothewarm.wetloamyEarthwasthewarmwetloamyMarsbothplanetscoveredwithoceansandrunningwithrivers-andbothpossiblyteemingwithlife.Billionsofyearsagohoweverthelow-gravityMarshadbothitsairandwaterleakawaycausingtheplanettobecomethedeadfreeze-driedplaceitistoday. Thatiswhattheprevailingthinkinghasbeen.Nowitappearsthatthinkingmaybewrong.47RecentlyNASAreleasednewimagesfromtheMarsGlobalSurveyorspacecraftthatsuggestwatermaybeflowingupandstreamingontotheMartiansurface-dramaticallyincreasingthelikelihoodthatatleastpartoftheplanetisbiologicallyalive."Iftheseresultsprovetrue"saysEdWeilerassociateadministratorofNASA’sOfficeofSpaceScience"[theyhave]profoundimplicationsforthepossibilityoflife." FindingliquidwateronMars’surfacehasneverbeeneasy-becauseitsimplycan’texistthere.Themodern-dayMartianatmospherehasbarely1percentthedensityofEarth’sanditsaveragetemperaturehoversaround-67degreesFahrenheit-19degreesCentigrade.Inanenvironmentasharshasthiswaterwouldeithervaporizeintospaceorsimplyflash-freezeinplace.48ScientistsstudyingMartianhistoryhavealwayslookedforcluestheplanet’sancientwaterleftbehind-trackswherevanishedriversonceflowedbasinswherevanishedseasoncestood. 49Theapproximately65000imagestheSurveyororbiterhasbeamedhomeinthenearlythreeyearsithasbeencirclingMarsarefullofthiskindofexpectedhydro-scarring.Butsomeofthepicturestookscientistsbysurprise.Theolderaformationisthemorelikelyitistohavebeendistortedovertheeons-smoothedbyperiodicwindstormsorgougedbytheoccasionalincomingmeteor.Howeverafewofthenewlydiscoveredwaterchannelslookfresh.Thatdiscoveryhasleadastonishedresearcherstoconcludethatthesechannelsmayhavebeenrecentlyformed. 50planetologistshavelongassumedthatifundergroundwaterwasgoingtobubbleuponMarsitwouldhavetobesomewhereinthebalmyequatorialzones:wheretemperaturesatnooninmidsummermayreach68degreesFahrenheit20degreesCentigrade.Almostallthenewchannelshoweverwerediscoveredattheplanet’srelativeextremes-northof30degreesnorthlatitudeandsouthof30degreessouthlatitude-andallwerecarvedonthecoldshadedsidesofslopes. RecentlyNASAreleasednewimagesfromtheMarsGlobalSurveyorspacecraftthatsuggestwatermaybeflowingupandstreamingontotheMartiansurface-dramaticallyincreasingthelikelihoodthatatleastpartoftheplanetisbiologicallyalive
TheUnitedStateshashistoricallyhadhigherratesofmarriagethanthoseofotherindustrializedcountries.Thecurrentannualmarriage1intheUnitedStates-about9newmarriagesforevery1000people-is2higherthanitisinotherindustrializedcountries.Howevermarriageis3aswidespreadasitwasseveraldecadesago.4ofAmericanadultswhoaremarried5from72percentin1970to60percentin2002.Thisdoesnotmeanthatlargenumbersofpeoplewillremainunmarried6theirlives.Throughoutthe20thcenturyabout90percentofAmericansmarriedatsome7intheirlives.Experts8thataboutthesameproportionoftoday’syoungadultswilleventuallymarry. Thetimingofmarriagehasvaried9overthepastcentury.In1995theaverageageofwomenintheUnitedStatesatthe10oftheirfirstmarriagewas25.Theaverageageofmenwasabout27.MenandwomenintheUnitedStatesmarry11thefirsttimeatanaverageoffiveyearslaterthanpeople12inthe1950s.13youngadultsofthe1950smarriedyoungerthandidanyprevious14inU.S.histry.Today’slaterageofmarriageis15theageofmarriagebetween1890and1940.16agreaterproportionofthepopulationwasmarried95percentduringthe1950sthanatanytimebefore17.Expertsdonotagreeon18the"marriagerush"ofthelate1940sand1950soccurredbutmostsocialscientistsbelieveitrepresenteda19tothereturnofpeacefullifeandprosperityafter15yearsofsevereeconomic20andwar. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.15
Timewaswhenthesolarsystemhadtwowateryworlds.46Directlynextdoortothewarm.wetloamyEarthwasthewarmwetloamyMarsbothplanetscoveredwithoceansandrunningwithrivers-andbothpossiblyteemingwithlife.Billionsofyearsagohoweverthelow-gravityMarshadbothitsairandwaterleakawaycausingtheplanettobecomethedeadfreeze-driedplaceitistoday. Thatiswhattheprevailingthinkinghasbeen.Nowitappearsthatthinkingmaybewrong.47RecentlyNASAreleasednewimagesfromtheMarsGlobalSurveyorspacecraftthatsuggestwatermaybeflowingupandstreamingontotheMartiansurface-dramaticallyincreasingthelikelihoodthatatleastpartoftheplanetisbiologicallyalive."Iftheseresultsprovetrue"saysEdWeilerassociateadministratorofNASA’sOfficeofSpaceScience"[theyhave]profoundimplicationsforthepossibilityoflife." FindingliquidwateronMars’surfacehasneverbeeneasy-becauseitsimplycan’texistthere.Themodern-dayMartianatmospherehasbarely1percentthedensityofEarth’sanditsaveragetemperaturehoversaround-67degreesFahrenheit-19degreesCentigrade.Inanenvironmentasharshasthiswaterwouldeithervaporizeintospaceorsimplyflash-freezeinplace.48ScientistsstudyingMartianhistoryhavealwayslookedforcluestheplanet’sancientwaterleftbehind-trackswherevanishedriversonceflowedbasinswherevanishedseasoncestood. 49Theapproximately65000imagestheSurveyororbiterhasbeamedhomeinthenearlythreeyearsithasbeencirclingMarsarefullofthiskindofexpectedhydro-scarring.Butsomeofthepicturestookscientistsbysurprise.Theolderaformationisthemorelikelyitistohavebeendistortedovertheeons-smoothedbyperiodicwindstormsorgougedbytheoccasionalincomingmeteor.Howeverafewofthenewlydiscoveredwaterchannelslookfresh.Thatdiscoveryhasleadastonishedresearcherstoconcludethatthesechannelsmayhavebeenrecentlyformed. 50planetologistshavelongassumedthatifundergroundwaterwasgoingtobubbleuponMarsitwouldhavetobesomewhereinthebalmyequatorialzones:wheretemperaturesatnooninmidsummermayreach68degreesFahrenheit20degreesCentigrade.Almostallthenewchannelshoweverwerediscoveredattheplanet’srelativeextremes-northof30degreesnorthlatitudeandsouthof30degreessouthlatitude-andallwerecarvedonthecoldshadedsidesofslopes. Theapproximately65000imagestheSurveyororbiterhasbeamedhomeinthenearlythreeyearsithasbeencirclingMarsarefullofthiskindofexpectedhydro-scarring.
TheUnitedStateshashistoricallyhadhigherratesofmarriagethanthoseofotherindustrializedcountries.Thecurrentannualmarriage1intheUnitedStates-about9newmarriagesforevery1000people-is2higherthanitisinotherindustrializedcountries.Howevermarriageis3aswidespreadasitwasseveraldecadesago.4ofAmericanadultswhoaremarried5from72percentin1970to60percentin2002.Thisdoesnotmeanthatlargenumbersofpeoplewillremainunmarried6theirlives.Throughoutthe20thcenturyabout90percentofAmericansmarriedatsome7intheirlives.Experts8thataboutthesameproportionoftoday’syoungadultswilleventuallymarry. Thetimingofmarriagehasvaried9overthepastcentury.In1995theaverageageofwomenintheUnitedStatesatthe10oftheirfirstmarriagewas25.Theaverageageofmenwasabout27.MenandwomenintheUnitedStatesmarry11thefirsttimeatanaverageoffiveyearslaterthanpeople12inthe1950s.13youngadultsofthe1950smarriedyoungerthandidanyprevious14inU.S.histry.Today’slaterageofmarriageis15theageofmarriagebetween1890and1940.16agreaterproportionofthepopulationwasmarried95percentduringthe1950sthanatanytimebefore17.Expertsdonotagreeon18the"marriagerush"ofthelate1940sand1950soccurredbutmostsocialscientistsbelieveitrepresenteda19tothereturnofpeacefullifeandprosperityafter15yearsofsevereeconomic20andwar. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.19
A.Periodicalsininitialstage B.Thefunctionofperiodicals C.Newspapersandotherperiodicalsonline D.Theintroductionofreviews E.Featuresofperiodicals F.Theemergenceofmodernperiodicals Periodicalsrefertopublicationsreleasedonaregularbasisthatmayincludenewsfeaturearticlespoemsfictionalstoriesorothertypesofwriting.Manyperiodicalsalsoincludephotographsanddrawings.Periodicalsthatareaimedatageneralaudiencesuchasweeklynewsroundupsormonthlyspecial-interestpublicationsarealsocalledmagazines.Thosewithamorenarrowaudiencesuchaspublicationsofscholarlyorganizationscanbetermedjournals.Whilenewspapersareperiodicalsthetermgenerallyhascometorefertopublicationsotherthandailies. 41.__________ Historicallymustperiodicalshavedifferedfromnewspapersintheirformatpublicationscheduleandcontent.Mostnewspapersdealwiththenewsofthedayandareissuedonpulppaperwithrelativelylargeunboundpages.Bycontrastothertypesofperiodicalsfocusonmorespecializedmaterialandwhentheydealwithnewstheytendtodosointheformofsummariesorcommentaries.Forcenturiestheseperiodicalsgenerallyhavebeenprintedonfinerpaperthannewspaperswithsmallerboundpagesandissuedatintervalslongerthanadayweeklyeverytwoweeksmonthlyquarterlyorevenannually. 42.__________ Inthe1990swiththegrowthoftheInternetpublishersbegantoreleasenewspapersandotherperiodicalsonline.Thisdevelopmentblurredthelinebetweenthetwoformsbecausethegeneralformatanddesignofonlinenewspapersandperiodicalsaresimilarandthepublicationschedulesofbothformsbecamemoreflexible.Forexamplemanynewspaperpublishersupdatetheironlineversionsthroughoutthedayandsomeonlineperiodicalsdothesame.Despitethesetechnologicalchangesthetwoformsdifferingemphasisinchoiceofcontentremainsadistinguishingfactor. 43.__________ TheearliestperiodicalsincludetheGermanErbaulicheMonaths-UnterredungenEdifyingMonthlyDiscussions1663-1668theFrenchJournaldesScavans1665;subsequentlytitledJournaldesSavantsandtheEnglishPhilosophicalTransactions1665oftheRoyalSocietyofLondon.Thesewereessentiallycollectionsofsummarieslateressaysondevelopmentsinartliteraturephilosophyandscience. 44.__________ ThefirstperiodicalofthemoderngeneraltypedevotedtoamiscellanyofreadingentertainmentwastheEnglishpublicationTheGentleman’sMagazine1731—1907-thefirstinstanceoftheuseofthewordmagazinetodenoteaforumforentertainingreading.Itcontainedreportsofpoliticaldebatesessaysstoriesandpoemsandwaswidelyinfluential.ItservedasthemodelforthefirsttrueAmericanperiodicalsGeneralMagazineandHistoricalChronicleandAmericanMagazine.BothoftheseperiodicalsfirstappearedinPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniainJanuary1741asrivalpublications;neitherlastedmorethanafewmonthshowever.TheformerwasfoundedbytheAmericanstatesmanandscientistBenjaminFranklinandthelatterbytheAmericanprinterAndrewBradford. MonthlyorquarterlyreviewsusuallypartisaninpoliticsandwitharticlescontributedbyeminentauthorsandpoliticianswereintroducedinBritainearlyinthe19thcentury.Ofthesetwobecameoutstanding.TheEdinburghReview1802-1929foundedinsupportoftheWhigPartywasoneofthemostinfluentialcriticaljournalsofitsdayandnumberedamongitscontributors-theEnglishwritersSirWalterScottThomasCarlyleMatthewArnoldandWilliamHazlitt.Blackwood’sEdinburghMagazine1817-1981aTorypublicationwasearlyinitscareernotedforitsserializationofScottishfictionanditssatiricalcommentariesonScottishaffairs. OneofthemostimportantseriousperiodicalsintheUnitedStatesinthe19thcenturywastheNorthAmericanReview1815-1940;revivedin1964.EditorsduringitskongandillustriouscareerincludedsuchliteraryfiguresasJamesRussellLowellCharlesEliotNortonandHenryAdams;contributorsincludedHenryJamesH.G.WellsandMarkTwain.AmongtheEuropeanequivalentsofsuchperiodicalsweretheFrenchRevuedesDeuxMondesandtheGermanLiterarischesWochenblatt. 43
Itvanishedin2002aresultofabadfall.Asmyneurosurgeonexplainedwhenmyheadhitthegroundmybrainsloshedaroundwhichsmasheddelicatenerveendingsinmyolfactorysystem.Maybethey’llrepairthemselvesshesaidinwhatstruckmeasmuchtoocasualatoneandmaybetheywon’tIfIhadtolosesomethingitmightaswellhavebeensmell;atleastnothingaboutmypersonalityormymemoryhadchangedascanhappenwithheadtrauma.Soitseemedalmostchurlishtofeelasthemonthswentonsodevastatedbythisparticularloss. ButIwasheartbroken.MysenseofsmellwasalwayssomethingItookpleasurein.WithoutscentIfeltasffIwerewalkingaroundthecitywithoutmycontactlensesdealingwithpeoplewhilewearingearplugsmovingthroughsomethingstickyandthick.Thesharpnessofthingstheirspecificitydiminished.Icouldn’teventellwhenthemilkhadgonebad.OddlymysenseoftasteremainedperfectlyfinebutIwasstillnervousaboutopeningacartonofyogurtwithouthavingsomeonenearbytosniffitforme.Ihadbeenstrippedofthesensewealluseoftenwithoutrealizingittonegotiatetheworldtoknowwhichthingsaresafeandwhicharedangerous. AfternearlyayearItalkedtoacolleaguesavvyingaboutneuro-sciencewhosuggestedItrytoretrainmysenseofsmellontheassumptionthatthenerveendingshadrepairedthemselvesbutthatsomethingwasstillbrokenalongthepathwayfromnosetobrainwhereodormoleculesactivateolfactoryreceptorsthesubjectofthisyear’sNobel-winningresearch.HeradvicewastoexposemyselftostrongdistinctivefragrancesaskingthepersonIwaswithtotellmeexactlywhatIwassmellingevenifIwasn’tconsciousofsmellinganythingatall. Ibeganstickingmynoseintoeverythingthatseemedlikelytohaveascent-thecumininthespicecabinetfreshlygroundcoffeeredwine.Iinterruptedfriendsmidsentenceifwehappenedtobewalkingpastapizzaplaceoragarbagetruckandaskedstupidly"Whatareyousmellingnow" Slowlythesmelltherapystartedtowork.AtfirstdistressinglyallIcouldsmellwereunnaturalscents:dandruffshampoofurniturepolishacloudofafter-shavefromastockyyoungman.ThefirsttimeIsmelledcutgrassagaininthesmallparkneartheAmericanMuseumofNaturalHistorywasalmostexactlytwoyearsaftermyfall.Itmademecry.Thetearsembarrassedmebutcutgrassisoneofthosefragrancesthattransportmedirectlytothelandscapeofchildhood.Andthat’swhatIhadbeenmissingreallyandwhygettingbackmysenseofsmellwassoprecious:avisceralconnectiontothepersonIusedtobe. Wemayinferfromthecontextthattheauthorwas
TheUnitedStateshashistoricallyhadhigherratesofmarriagethanthoseofotherindustrializedcountries.Thecurrentannualmarriage1intheUnitedStates-about9newmarriagesforevery1000people-is2higherthanitisinotherindustrializedcountries.Howevermarriageis3aswidespreadasitwasseveraldecadesago.4ofAmericanadultswhoaremarried5from72percentin1970to60percentin2002.Thisdoesnotmeanthatlargenumbersofpeoplewillremainunmarried6theirlives.Throughoutthe20thcenturyabout90percentofAmericansmarriedatsome7intheirlives.Experts8thataboutthesameproportionoftoday’syoungadultswilleventuallymarry. Thetimingofmarriagehasvaried9overthepastcentury.In1995theaverageageofwomenintheUnitedStatesatthe10oftheirfirstmarriagewas25.Theaverageageofmenwasabout27.MenandwomenintheUnitedStatesmarry11thefirsttimeatanaverageoffiveyearslaterthanpeople12inthe1950s.13youngadultsofthe1950smarriedyoungerthandidanyprevious14inU.S.history.Today’slaterageofmarriageis15theageofmarriagebetween1890and1940.16agreaterproportionofthepopulationwasmarried95percentduringthe1950sthanatanytimebefore17.Expertsdonotagreeon18the"marriagerush"ofthelate1940sand1950soccurredbutmostsocialscientistsbelieveitrepresenteda19tothereturnofpeacefullifeandprosperityafter15yearsofsevereeconomic20andwar. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.1
TheUnitedStateshashistoricallyhadhigherratesofmarriagethanthoseofotherindustrializedcountries.Thecurrentannualmarriage1intheUnitedStates-about9newmarriagesforevery1000people-is2higherthanitisinotherindustrializedcountries.Howevermarriageis3aswidespreadasitwasseveraldecadesago.4ofAmericanadultswhoaremarried5from72percentin1970to60percentin2002.Thisdoesnotmeanthatlargenumbersofpeoplewillremainunmarried6theirlives.Throughoutthe20thcenturyabout90percentofAmericansmarriedatsome7intheirlives.Experts8thataboutthesameproportionoftoday’syoungadultswilleventuallymarry. Thetimingofmarriagehasvaried9overthepastcentury.In1995theaverageageofwomenintheUnitedStatesatthe10oftheirfirstmarriagewas25.Theaverageageofmenwasabout27.MenandwomenintheUnitedStatesmarry11thefirsttimeatanaverageoffiveyearslaterthanpeople12inthe1950s.13youngadultsofthe1950smarriedyoungerthandidanyprevious14inU.S.histry.Today’slaterageofmarriageis15theageofmarriagebetween1890and1940.16agreaterproportionofthepopulationwasmarried95percentduringthe1950sthanatanytimebefore17.Expertsdonotagreeon18the"marriagerush"ofthelate1940sand1950soccurredbutmostsocialscientistsbelieveitrepresenteda19tothereturnofpeacefullifeandprosperityafter15yearsofsevereeconomic20andwar. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.13
TheUnitedStateshashistoricallyhadhigherratesofmarriagethanthoseofotherindustrializedcountries.Thecurrentannualmarriage1intheUnitedStates-about9newmarriagesforevery1000people-is2higherthanitisinotherindustrializedcountries.Howevermarriageis3aswidespreadasitwasseveraldecadesago.4ofAmericanadultswhoaremarried5from72percentin1970to60percentin2002.Thisdoesnotmeanthatlargenumbersofpeoplewillremainunmarried6theirlives.Throughoutthe20thcenturyabout90percentofAmericansmarriedatsome7intheirlives.Experts8thataboutthesameproportionoftoday’syoungadultswilleventuallymarry. Thetimingofmarriagehasvaried9overthepastcentury.In1995theaverageageofwomenintheUnitedStatesatthe10oftheirfirstmarriagewas25.Theaverageageofmenwasabout27.MenandwomenintheUnitedStatesmarry11thefirsttimeatanaverageoffiveyearslaterthanpeople12inthe1950s.13youngadultsofthe1950smarriedyoungerthandidanyprevious14inU.S.histry.Today’slaterageofmarriageis15theageofmarriagebetween1890and1940.16agreaterproportionofthepopulationwasmarried95percentduringthe1950sthanatanytimebefore17.Expertsdonotagreeon18the"marriagerush"ofthelate1940sand1950soccurredbutmostsocialscientistsbelieveitrepresenteda19tothereturnofpeacefullifeandprosperityafter15yearsofsevereeconomic20andwar. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.11
Ifyouseeadiamondringonthefourthfingerofawoman’slefthandyouprobablyknowwhatitmeans:inAmericathishaslongbeenthedigitofchoiceforbetrothaljewelryandtheloreofthetradetracesthesymbolismbacktoancienttimes.Butifyouseeadiamondringonthefourthfingerofawoman’srighthandyoumayormaynotknowthatitsignifiesanindependentspiritoreveneconomicempowermentandchanginggendermores."Alotofwomenhavedisposableincome"KatieCouricsaidrecentlyonthe"Today"showaftershowingviewersherChangeright-hander."Whywaitforamantogiveheradiamondring" ThisnotionmaybetracedbackapproximatelytoSeptember.That’swhentheDiamondInformationCenterbeganahugemarketingcampaignaimedatarticulatingthemeaningofright-handrings-andthusarationaleforbuyingthem."Yourlefthandsays’we’"thecampaigndeclares."Yourrighthandsays’me’."Thepositioningisbrilliant:thewearermaybemarriedorunmarriedandmaybuytheringherselforrequestitasagift.Andwhileitcantakeyearsforanewjewelryconcepttoworkitselfthoroughlyintothemainstreamthetight-bandringalreadyhasmomentum. AtthehigherendofthescalethejewelrymakerKwiatwhichsuppliesstoreslikeSaksoffersalineofKwiatSpiritRingsthatcanretailforasmuchas＄5000and"we’resellingitfasterthanwe’remanufacturingit"saysBillGouldthecompany’schiefofmarketing.Attheotherendofthestalemass-orientedretailersthatoftentakeawait-and-seeattitudehavealreadyjumpedonthebandwagon. FirmslikeKwiatweregivenwhatGouldcalls"direction"fromtheDiamondinformationCenteraboutthenewring’sattributes-multiplediamondsinanorth-southorientationthatdistinguishesitfromthelookofanengagementringandsoon.Butallthisissecondarytothenewlymintedmeaning."Theidea"Morrisonsays"isthatbeyondatrendthiscouldbecomeasortofculturalimperative." AtallorderWellbearinmindthat"adiamondisforever"isnotasayinghandeddownfromimperialRome.ItwashandeddownfromanearliergenerationofDeBeersmarketers.JoyceJonasajewelryappraiserandhistoriannotesthatDeBeersinthe40’sand50’stookadvantageofachangingAmericanclassstructuretoturndiamondringsintoanattainablesymbolforthemasses.BynowJonansobservesthestonealone"isjustacommodity".AndthisofcourseiswhatmakesitsinventedsignificancemoreCrucialthanever. Adiamondringonthefourthfingerofawoman’slefthandsuggeststhat
TheUnitedStateshashistoricallyhadhigherratesofmarriagethanthoseofotherindustrializedcountries.Thecurrentannualmarriage1intheUnitedStates-about9newmarriagesforevery1000people-is2higherthanitisinotherindustrializedcountries.Howevermarriageis3aswidespreadasitwasseveraldecadesago.4ofAmericanadultswhoaremarried5from72percentin1970to60percentin2002.Thisdoesnotmeanthatlargenumbersofpeoplewillremainunmarried6theirlives.Throughoutthe20thcenturyabout90percentofAmericansmarriedatsome7intheirlives.Experts8thataboutthesameproportionoftoday’syoungadultswilleventuallymarry. Thetimingofmarriagehasvaried9overthepastcentury.In1995theaverageageofwomenintheUnitedStatesatthe10oftheirfirstmarriagewas25.Theaverageageofmenwasabout27.MenandwomenintheUnitedStatesmarry11thefirsttimeatanaverageoffiveyearslaterthanpeople12inthe1950s.13youngadultsofthe1950smarriedyoungerthandidanyprevious14inU.S.history.Today’slaterageofmarriageis15theageofmarriagebetween1890and1940.16agreaterproportionofthepopulationwasmarried95percentduringthe1950sthanatanytimebefore17.Expertsdonotagreeon18the"marriagerush"ofthelate1940sand1950soccurredbutmostsocialscientistsbelieveitrepresenteda19tothereturnofpeacefullifeandprosperityafter15yearsofsevereeconomic20andwar. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.9
Ifyouseeadiamondringonthefourthfingerofawoman’slefthandyouprobablyknowwhatitmeans:inAmericathishaslongbeenthedigitofchoiceforbetrothaljewelryandtheloreofthetradetracesthesymbolismbacktoancienttimes.Butifyouseeadiamondringonthefourthfingerofawoman’srighthandyoumayormaynotknowthatitsignifiesanindependentspiritoreveneconomicempowermentandchanginggendermores."Alotofwomenhavedisposableincome"KatieCouricsaidrecentlyonthe"Today"showaftershowingviewersherChangeright-hander."Whywaitforamantogiveheradiamondring" ThisnotionmaybetracedbackapproximatelytoSeptember.That’swhentheDiamondInformationCenterbeganahugemarketingcampaignaimedatarticulatingthemeaningofright-handrings-andthusarationaleforbuyingthem."Yourlefthandsays’we’"thecampaigndeclares."Yourrighthandsays’me’."Thepositioningisbrilliant:thewearermaybemarriedorunmarriedandmaybuytheringherselforrequestitasagift.Andwhileitcantakeyearsforanewjewelryconcepttoworkitselfthoroughlyintothemainstreamthetight-bandringalreadyhasmomentum. AtthehigherendofthescalethejewelrymakerKwiatwhichsuppliesstoreslikeSaksoffersalineofKwiatSpiritRingsthatcanretailforasmuchas＄5000and"we’resellingitfasterthanwe’remanufacturingit"saysBillGouldthecompany’schiefofmarketing.Attheotherendofthestalemass-orientedretailersthatoftentakeawait-and-seeattitudehavealreadyjumpedonthebandwagon. FirmslikeKwiatweregivenwhatGouldcalls"direction"fromtheDiamondinformationCenteraboutthenewring’sattributes-multiplediamondsinanorth-southorientationthatdistinguishesitfromthelookofanengagementringandsoon.Butallthisissecondarytothenewlymintedmeaning."Theidea"Morrisonsays"isthatbeyondatrendthiscouldbecomeasortofculturalimperative." AtallorderWellbearinmindthat"adiamondisforever"isnotasayinghandeddownfromimperialRome.ItwashandeddownfromanearliergenerationofDeBeersmarketers.JoyceJonasajewelryappraiserandhistoriannotesthatDeBeersinthe40’sand50’stookadvantageofachangingAmericanclassstructuretoturndiamondringsintoanattainablesymbolforthemasses.BynowJonansobservesthestonealone"isjustacommodity".AndthisofcourseiswhatmakesitsinventedsignificancemoreCrucialthanever. Thebesttitleofthepassagemaybe
A.Periodicalsininitialstage B.Thefunctionofperiodicals C.Newspapersandotherperiodicalsonline D.Theintroductionofreviews E.Featuresofperiodicals F.Theemergenceofmodernperiodicals Periodicalsrefertopublicationsreleasedonaregularbasisthatmayincludenewsfeaturearticlespoemsfictionalstoriesorothertypesofwriting.Manyperiodicalsalsoincludephotographsanddrawings.Periodicalsthatareaimedatageneralaudiencesuchasweeklynewsroundupsormonthlyspecial-interestpublicationsarealsocalledmagazines.Thosewithamorenarrowaudiencesuchaspublicationsofscholarlyorganizationscanbetermedjournals.Whilenewspapersareperiodicalsthetermgenerallyhascometorefertopublicationsotherthandailies. 41.__________ Historicallymustperiodicalshavedifferedfromnewspapersintheirformatpublicationscheduleandcontent.Mostnewspapersdealwiththenewsofthedayandareissuedonpulppaperwithrelativelylargeunboundpages.Bycontrastothertypesofperiodicalsfocusonmorespecializedmaterialandwhentheydealwithnewstheytendtodosointheformofsummariesorcommentaries.Forcenturiestheseperiodicalsgenerallyhavebeenprintedonfinerpaperthannewspaperswithsmallerboundpagesandissuedatintervalslongerthanadayweeklyeverytwoweeksmonthlyquarterlyorevenannually. 42.__________ Inthe1990swiththegrowthoftheInternetpublishersbegantoreleasenewspapersandotherperiodicalsonline.Thisdevelopmentblurredthelinebetweenthetwoformsbecausethegeneralformatanddesignofonlinenewspapersandperiodicalsaresimilarandthepublicationschedulesofbothformsbecamemoreflexible.Forexamplemanynewspaperpublishersupdatetheironlineversionsthroughoutthedayandsomeonlineperiodicalsdothesame.Despitethesetechnologicalchangesthetwoformsdifferingemphasisinchoiceofcontentremainsadistinguishingfactor. 43.__________ TheearliestperiodicalsincludetheGermanErbaulicheMonaths-UnterredungenEdifyingMonthlyDiscussions1663-1668theFrenchJournaldesScavans1665;subsequentlytitledJournaldesSavantsandtheEnglishPhilosophicalTransactions1665oftheRoyalSocietyofLondon.Thesewereessentiallycollectionsofsummarieslateressaysondevelopmentsinartliteraturephilosophyandscience. 44.__________ ThefirstperiodicalofthemoderngeneraltypedevotedtoamiscellanyofreadingentertainmentwastheEnglishpublicationTheGentleman’sMagazine1731—1907-thefirstinstanceoftheuseofthewordmagazinetodenoteaforumforentertainingreading.Itcontainedreportsofpoliticaldebatesessaysstoriesandpoemsandwaswidelyinfluential.ItservedasthemodelforthefirsttrueAmericanperiodicalsGeneralMagazineandHistoricalChronicleandAmericanMagazine.BothoftheseperiodicalsfirstappearedinPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniainJanuary1741asrivalpublications;neitherlastedmorethanafewmonthshowever.TheformerwasfoundedbytheAmericanstatesmanandscientistBenjaminFranklinandthelatterbytheAmericanprinterAndrewBradford. MonthlyorquarterlyreviewsusuallypartisaninpoliticsandwitharticlescontributedbyeminentauthorsandpoliticianswereintroducedinBritainearlyinthe19thcentury.Ofthesetwobecameoutstanding.TheEdinburghReview1802-1929foundedinsupportoftheWhigPartywasoneofthemostinfluentialcriticaljournalsofitsdayandnumberedamongitscontributors-theEnglishwritersSirWalterScottThomasCarlyleMatthewArnoldandWilliamHazlitt.Blackwood’sEdinburghMagazine1817-1981aTorypublicationwasearlyinitscareernotedforitsserializationofScottishfictionanditssatiricalcommentariesonScottishaffairs. OneofthemostimportantseriousperiodicalsintheUnitedStatesinthe19thcenturywastheNorthAmericanReview1815-1940;revivedin1964.EditorsduringitskongandillustriouscareerincludedsuchliteraryfiguresasJamesRussellLowellCharlesEliotNortonandHenryAdams;contributorsincludedHenryJamesH.G.WellsandMarkTwain.AmongtheEuropeanequivalentsofsuchperiodicalsweretheFrenchRevuedesDeuxMondesandtheGermanLiterarischesWochenblatt. 45
A.Periodicalsininitialstage B.Thefunctionofperiodicals C.Newspapersandotherperiodicalsonline D.Theintroductionofreviews E.Featuresofperiodicals F.Theemergenceofmodernperiodicals Periodicalsrefertopublicationsreleasedonaregularbasisthatmayincludenewsfeaturearticlespoemsfictionalstoriesorothertypesofwriting.Manyperiodicalsalsoincludephotographsanddrawings.Periodicalsthatareaimedatageneralaudiencesuchasweeklynewsroundupsormonthlyspecial-interestpublicationsarealsocalledmagazines.Thosewithamorenarrowaudiencesuchaspublicationsofscholarlyorganizationscanbetermedjournals.Whilenewspapersareperiodicalsthetermgenerallyhascometorefertopublicationsotherthandailies. 41.__________ Historicallymustperiodicalshavedifferedfromnewspapersintheirformatpublicationscheduleandcontent.Mostnewspapersdealwiththenewsofthedayandareissuedonpulppaperwithrelativelylargeunboundpages.Bycontrastothertypesofperiodicalsfocusonmorespecializedmaterialandwhentheydealwithnewstheytendtodosointheformofsummariesorcommentaries.Forcenturiestheseperiodicalsgenerallyhavebeenprintedonfinerpaperthannewspaperswithsmallerboundpagesandissuedatintervalslongerthanadayweeklyeverytwoweeksmonthlyquarterlyorevenannually. 42.__________ Inthe1990swiththegrowthoftheInternetpublishersbegantoreleasenewspapersandotherperiodicalsonline.Thisdevelopmentblurredthelinebetweenthetwoformsbecausethegeneralformatanddesignofonlinenewspapersandperiodicalsaresimilarandthepublicationschedulesofbothformsbecamemoreflexible.Forexamplemanynewspaperpublishersupdatetheironlineversionsthroughoutthedayandsomeonlineperiodicalsdothesame.Despitethesetechnologicalchangesthetwoformsdifferingemphasisinchoiceofcontentremainsadistinguishingfactor. 43.__________ TheearliestperiodicalsincludetheGermanErbaulicheMonaths-UnterredungenEdifyingMonthlyDiscussions1663-1668theFrenchJournaldesScavans1665;subsequentlytitledJournaldesSavantsandtheEnglishPhilosophicalTransactions1665oftheRoyalSocietyofLondon.Thesewereessentiallycollectionsofsummarieslateressaysondevelopmentsinartliteraturephilosophyandscience. 44.__________ ThefirstperiodicalofthemoderngeneraltypedevotedtoamiscellanyofreadingentertainmentwastheEnglishpublicationTheGentleman’sMagazine1731—1907-thefirstinstanceoftheuseofthewordmagazinetodenoteaforumforentertainingreading.Itcontainedreportsofpoliticaldebatesessaysstoriesandpoemsandwaswidelyinfluential.ItservedasthemodelforthefirsttrueAmericanperiodicalsGeneralMagazineandHistoricalChronicleandAmericanMagazine.BothoftheseperiodicalsfirstappearedinPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniainJanuary1741asrivalpublications;neitherlastedmorethanafewmonthshowever.TheformerwasfoundedbytheAmericanstatesmanandscientistBenjaminFranklinandthelatterbytheAmericanprinterAndrewBradford. MonthlyorquarterlyreviewsusuallypartisaninpoliticsandwitharticlescontributedbyeminentauthorsandpoliticianswereintroducedinBritainearlyinthe19thcentury.Ofthesetwobecameoutstanding.TheEdinburghReview1802-1929foundedinsupportoftheWhigPartywasoneofthemostinfluentialcriticaljournalsofitsdayandnumberedamongitscontributors-theEnglishwritersSirWalterScottThomasCarlyleMatthewArnoldandWilliamHazlitt.Blackwood’sEdinburghMagazine1817-1981aTorypublicationwasearlyinitscareernotedforitsserializationofScottishfictionanditssatiricalcommentariesonScottishaffairs. OneofthemostimportantseriousperiodicalsintheUnitedStatesinthe19thcenturywastheNorthAmericanReview1815-1940;revivedin1964.EditorsduringitskongandillustriouscareerincludedsuchliteraryfiguresasJamesRussellLowellCharlesEliotNortonandHenryAdams;contributorsincludedHenryJamesH.G.WellsandMarkTwain.AmongtheEuropeanequivalentsofsuchperiodicalsweretheFrenchRevuedesDeuxMondesandtheGermanLiterarischesWochenblatt. 41
WhentheywerechildrenTerriSchiavo’sbrotherBobbyaccidentallylockedherinasuitcase.Shetriedsohardtogetoutthatthesuitcasejumpedupanddownandscreamed.Thescenepredictedhorriblyhowshewouldendthoughbythatstageshehadneitherwalkednortalkedformorethan15years.BythetimeshefinallydiedonMarch31stherbodyhadbecomeaboxoutofwhichshecouldnotescape. MorethanthatithadbecomeaboxoutofwhichtheUnitedStatesgovernmentCongressthepresidentthegovernorofFloridaandanarmyofevangelicalprotestorsandbloggerswouldnotletherescape.Herlifewhateveritsqualitybecamethepropertynotmerelyofherhusbandwhohadthelegalrighttospeakforherandherparentswhohadbroughtherupbutofthecourtsthestateandthousandsofself-appointedmedicalandpsychologicalexpertsacrossthecountry. ThechiefdifferencebetweenhercaseandthoseofKarenQuinlanandNancyCruzanmuchearliervictimsofPersistentVegetativeStatePVSwastheexistenceoftheinternet.WhenpostedvideotapesshowedMrsSchiavoapparentlysmilingandcommunicatingwiththosearoundherdoctorscalledthesemerereflexactivitybuttothelaymantheyseemedtorevealahumanbeingwhoshouldnotbekilled.OnMarch20thaCATscanofMrsSchiavo’sbrain-thegreymatterofthecerebralcortexmoreorlassgonereplacedbycerebrospinalfluid-waspostedonabiog.ByMarch29thithadbrought390passionateandwarringresponses. Allthisoutsideinterferencecouldonlyexacerbatetherealcrueldilemmasofthecase.AfteraheartattackinFebruary1990whenshewas26MrsSchiavo’sbrainwasdeprivedofoxygenforfiveminutesandirreparablydamaged.Forawhileherfamilyhopedshemightberehabilitated.HerhusbandMichaelboughthernewclothesandwheeledherroundartgalleriesincaseherbraincouldrespond.By1993hewassureitcouldnotandwhenshecaughtaninfectionhedidnotwanthertreated.Herparentsdisagreedandclaimedshecouldrecover. Fromthatpointthefamilysplitandlitigationstarted.Eachsidebackedbylegionsofsupportersaccusedtheotherofmoney-grubbingandbadfaith.AFloridacourttwiceorderedMrsSchiavo’sfeedingtubetoberemovedandJebBushthegovernorofFloridaoverruledit.ThefinalremovalofthetubeonMarch18thwasfollowedbyanextraordinarysceneintheearlyhoursofMarch21stwhenGeorgeBushsignedintolawabillallowingMrsSchiavo’sparentstoappealyetagaintoafederalcourt.Butbythenthecourtsandtwo-thirdsofAmericansthoughtthatenoughwasenough.OnMarch24ththeSupremeCourtdeclinedtohearthecase. ThecrueldilemmasofSchiavo’scasehasin
TheUnitedStateshashistoricallyhadhigherratesofmarriagethanthoseofotherindustrializedcountries.Thecurrentannualmarriage1intheUnitedStates-about9newmarriagesforevery1000people-is2higherthanitisinotherindustrializedcountries.Howevermarriageis3aswidespreadasitwasseveraldecadesago.4ofAmericanadultswhoaremarried5from72percentin1970to60percentin2002.Thisdoesnotmeanthatlargenumbersofpeoplewillremainunmarried6theirlives.Throughoutthe20thcenturyabout90percentofAmericansmarriedatsome7intheirlives.Experts8thataboutthesameproportionoftoday’syoungadultswilleventuallymarry. Thetimingofmarriagehasvaried9overthepastcentury.In1995theaverageageofwomenintheUnitedStatesatthe10oftheirfirstmarriagewas25.Theaverageageofmenwasabout27.MenandwomenintheUnitedStatesmarry11thefirsttimeatanaverageoffiveyearslaterthanpeople12inthe1950s.13youngadultsofthe1950smarriedyoungerthandidanyprevious14inU.S.history.Today’slaterageofmarriageis15theageofmarriagebetween1890and1940.16agreaterproportionofthepopulationwasmarried95percentduringthe1950sthanatanytimebefore17.Expertsdonotagreeon18the"marriagerush"ofthelate1940sand1950soccurredbutmostsocialscientistsbelieveitrepresenteda19tothereturnofpeacefullifeandprosperityafter15yearsofsevereeconomic20andwar. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.7
Itvanishedin2002aresultofabadfall.Asmyneurosurgeonexplainedwhenmyheadhitthegroundmybrainsloshedaroundwhichsmasheddelicatenerveendingsinmyolfactorysystem.Maybethey’llrepairthemselvesshesaidinwhatstruckmeasmuchtoocasualatoneandmaybetheywon’tIfIhadtolosesomethingitmightaswellhavebeensmell;atleastnothingaboutmypersonalityormymemoryhadchangedascanhappenwithheadtrauma.Soitseemedalmostchurlishtofeelasthemonthswentonsodevastatedbythisparticularloss. ButIwasheartbroken.MysenseofsmellwasalwayssomethingItookpleasurein.WithoutscentIfeltasffIwerewalkingaroundthecitywithoutmycontactlensesdealingwithpeoplewhilewearingearplugsmovingthroughsomethingstickyandthick.Thesharpnessofthingstheirspecificitydiminished.Icouldn’teventellwhenthemilkhadgonebad.OddlymysenseoftasteremainedperfectlyfinebutIwasstillnervousaboutopeningacartonofyogurtwithouthavingsomeonenearbytosniffitforme.Ihadbeenstrippedofthesensewealluseoftenwithoutrealizingittonegotiatetheworldtoknowwhichthingsaresafeandwhicharedangerous. AfternearlyayearItalkedtoacolleaguesavvyingaboutneuro-sciencewhosuggestedItrytoretrainmysenseofsmellontheassumptionthatthenerveendingshadrepairedthemselvesbutthatsomethingwasstillbrokenalongthepathwayfromnosetobrainwhereodormoleculesactivateolfactoryreceptorsthesubjectofthisyear’sNobel-winningresearch.HeradvicewastoexposemyselftostrongdistinctivefragrancesaskingthepersonIwaswithtotellmeexactlywhatIwassmellingevenifIwasn’tconsciousofsmellinganythingatall. Ibeganstickingmynoseintoeverythingthatseemedlikelytohaveascent-thecumininthespicecabinetfreshlygroundcoffeeredwine.Iinterruptedfriendsmidsentenceifwehappenedtobewalkingpastapizzaplaceoragarbagetruckandaskedstupidly"Whatareyousmellingnow" Slowlythesmelltherapystartedtowork.AtfirstdistressinglyallIcouldsmellwereunnaturalscents:dandruffshampoofurniturepolishacloudofafter-shavefromastockyyoungman.ThefirsttimeIsmelledcutgrassagaininthesmallparkneartheAmericanMuseumofNaturalHistorywasalmostexactlytwoyearsaftermyfall.Itmademecry.Thetearsembarrassedmebutcutgrassisoneofthosefragrancesthattransportmedirectlytothelandscapeofchildhood.Andthat’swhatIhadbeenmissingreallyandwhygettingbackmysenseofsmellwassoprecious:avisceralconnectiontothepersonIusedtobe. JudgingfromthecontextsavvyinginLine1Paragraph3probablymeans
Bythe1950’sand60’s"goingforChinese"hadbecomepartofthesuburbanvernacular.InplaceslikeNewYorkCityeatingChinesefoodbecameintertwinedwiththetraditionsofotherethnicgroupsespeciallythatofJewishimmigrants.ManyJewishfamiliesfaithfullyvisitedtheirfavoriteChineserestauranteverySundaynight.AmongthemenusintheexhibitionareselectionsfromGlattWok:KosherChineseRestaurantandTakeoutinMonseyN.Y.andWokToyinCedarhurstN.Y. Until1965Cantonese-speakingimmigrantsmainlyfromthecountyofToisandominatedtheindustryandmenusreflectedastandardrepertoryoftastybutblandAmericanizationsofCantonesedishes.ButlooseningimmigrationrestrictionsthatyearbroughtafloodofpeoplefrommanydifferentregionsofChinastarting"authenticityrevolution"saidEdSchoenfeldarestaurateurandChinesefoodconsultant. TopchefswhoweretrainedinspicyandmoreunusualregionalspecialtieslikeHunanandSichunancookingcametoNewYorkthenMr.Schoenfeldsaid. PresidentRichardM.Nixon’striptoChinain1972awakenedinterestinthecountryandaccountsofhismealshelpedwhetdiners’appetitesfornewdishes.AnillustrationofascowlingNixonwithapairofchopsticksglaresdownfromthewallattheexhibition. HunanandSichuanrestaurantsinNewYorkinfluencedthetasteofthewholecountryMr.Schoenfeldsaid.DisheslikeGeneralTso’schickenandcrispyorangebeefcaughtoneverywhere. ButaswiththeCantonesefoodbeforeitMr.Schoenfeldsaidthecookingdegradedovertimeasitbecamemassproduced.Today’sbatter-friedsyrup-ladenversionofChinesefoodhesaidbearslittleresemblancetoauthenticcuisine. TherealexplosionofChineserestaurantsthatmadethemubiquitouscameinthe1980’ssaidBettyXieeditorofChineseRestaurantNews."NowyouseetherearealmostoneortwoChineserestaurantsineverytownintheUnitedStates"shesaid. TherearesignsthatsomehavetiredofChinesefood.A2004ZagatsurveyshowedthatitspopularityhasebbedsomewhatinNewYorkCity. ButthejourneyoftheChineserestaurantremainsthestoryoftheAmericandreamasexperiencedbyaconstantbutevolvingstreamofChineseimmigrantswhorealizedthepotentialof12-hourdaysborrowedcapitalandawillingnesstocookwhateverAmericanswanted.Salesmarginsaretightandwagesarelow. RestaurantsarepassedfromonefamilymembertothenextorsoldbyoneChinesefamilytoanother.OftenacontingencywrittenintoSalescontractsisthatthepreviousownerstrainthenewowners. "ThecompetitioninChinesecommunitiesiscutthroat"Mr.Chentheco-curatorsaid."WhatpeoplerealizeisyoucanmakemuchmuchbetterprofitinplaceslikeMontana." Fromthefirstparagraphweknowthatbythe1950’sand60’sChinesefoodwasafavoriteof
TheUnitedStateshashistoricallyhadhigherratesofmarriagethanthoseofotherindustrializedcountries.Thecurrentannualmarriage1intheUnitedStates-about9newmarriagesforevery1000people-is2higherthanitisinotherindustrializedcountries.Howevermarriageis3aswidespreadasitwasseveraldecadesago.4ofAmericanadultswhoaremarried5from72percentin1970to60percentin2002.Thisdoesnotmeanthatlargenumbersofpeoplewillremainunmarried6theirlives.Throughoutthe20thcenturyabout90percentofAmericansmarriedatsome7intheirlives.Experts8thataboutthesameproportionoftoday’syoungadultswilleventuallymarry. Thetimingofmarriagehasvaried9overthepastcentury.In1995theaverageageofwomenintheUnitedStatesatthe10oftheirfirstmarriagewas25.Theaverageageofmenwasabout27.MenandwomenintheUnitedStatesmarry11thefirsttimeatanaverageoffiveyearslaterthanpeople12inthe1950s.13youngadultsofthe1950smarriedyoungerthandidanyprevious14inU.S.history.Today’slaterageofmarriageis15theageofmarriagebetween1890and1940.16agreaterproportionofthepopulationwasmarried95percentduringthe1950sthanatanytimebefore17.Expertsdonotagreeon18the"marriagerush"ofthelate1940sand1950soccurredbutmostsocialscientistsbelieveitrepresenteda19tothereturnofpeacefullifeandprosperityafter15yearsofsevereeconomic20andwar. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.5
Directions:Supposeyouwereatouristinastrangecity.Youleftyourvideocamerainthehotelroomanddidn’tnoticeituntilyouarrivedhome.WritealettertothehotelaskingthemtosendittoyouTellthemthetypeofthecameraandothernecessaryinformationaboutthisevent. Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.Donot.signyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use"LiMing"instead.Youdonotneedtowritetheaddress.
WhentheywerechildrenTerriSchiavo’sbrotherBobbyaccidentallylockedherinasuitcase.Shetriedsohardtogetoutthatthesuitcasejumpedupanddownandscreamed.Thescenepredictedhorriblyhowshewouldendthoughbythatstageshehadneitherwalkednortalkedformorethan15years.BythetimeshefinallydiedonMarch31stherbodyhadbecomeaboxoutofwhichshecouldnotescape. MorethanthatithadbecomeaboxoutofwhichtheUnitedStatesgovernmentCongressthepresidentthegovernorofFloridaandanarmyofevangelicalprotestorsandbloggerswouldnotletherescape.Herlifewhateveritsqualitybecamethepropertynotmerelyofherhusbandwhohadthelegalrighttospeakforherandherparentswhohadbroughtherupbutofthecourtsthestateandthousandsofself-appointedmedicalandpsychologicalexpertsacrossthecountry. ThechiefdifferencebetweenhercaseandthoseofKarenQuinlanandNancyCruzanmuchearliervictimsofPersistentVegetativeStatePVSwastheexistenceoftheinternet.WhenpostedvideotapesshowedMrsSchiavoapparentlysmilingandcommunicatingwiththosearoundherdoctorscalledthesemerereflexactivitybuttothelaymantheyseemedtorevealahumanbeingwhoshouldnotbekilled.OnMarch20thaCATscanofMrsSchiavo’sbrain-thegreymatterofthecerebralcortexmoreorlassgonereplacedbycerebrospinalfluid-waspostedonabiog.ByMarch29thithadbrought390passionateandwarringresponses. Allthisoutsideinterferencecouldonlyexacerbatetherealcrueldilemmasofthecase.AfteraheartattackinFebruary1990whenshewas26MrsSchiavo’sbrainwasdeprivedofoxygenforfiveminutesandirreparablydamaged.Forawhileherfamilyhopedshemightberehabilitated.HerhusbandMichaelboughthernewclothesandwheeledherroundartgalleriesincaseherbraincouldrespond.By1993hewassureitcouldnotandwhenshecaughtaninfectionhedidnotwanthertreated.Herparentsdisagreedandclaimedshecouldrecover. Fromthatpointthefamilysplitandlitigationstarted.Eachsidebackedbylegionsofsupportersaccusedtheotherofmoney-grubbingandbadfaith.AFloridacourttwiceorderedMrsSchiavo’sfeedingtubetoberemovedandJebBushthegovernorofFloridaoverruledit.ThefinalremovalofthetubeonMarch18thwasfollowedbyanextraordinarysceneintheearlyhoursofMarch21stwhenGeorgeBushsignedintolawabillallowingMrsSchiavo’sparentstoappealyetagaintoafederalcourt.Butbythenthecourtsandtwo-thirdsofAmericansthoughtthatenoughwasenough.OnMarch24ththeSupremeCourtdeclinedtohearthecase. InthesentenceMorethanthatithadbecomeabox...Line1Para.2it
Bythe1950’sand60’s"goingforChinese"hadbecomepartofthesuburbanvernacular.InplaceslikeNewYorkCityeatingChinesefoodbecameintertwinedwiththetraditionsofotherethnicgroupsespeciallythatofJewishimmigrants.ManyJewishfamiliesfaithfullyvisitedtheirfavoriteChineserestauranteverySundaynight.AmongthemenusintheexhibitionareselectionsfromGlattWok:KosherChineseRestaurantandTakeoutinMonseyN.Y.andWokToyinCedarhurstN.Y. Until1965Cantonese-speakingimmigrantsmainlyfromthecountyofToisandominatedtheindustryandmenusreflectedastandardrepertoryoftastybutblandAmericanizationsofCantonesedishes.ButlooseningimmigrationrestrictionsthatyearbroughtafloodofpeoplefrommanydifferentregionsofChinastarting"authenticityrevolution"saidEdSchoenfeldarestaurateurandChinesefoodconsultant. TopchefswhoweretrainedinspicyandmoreunusualregionalspecialtieslikeHunanandSichunancookingcametoNewYorkthenMr.Schoenfeldsaid. PresidentRichardM.Nixon’striptoChinain1972awakenedinterestinthecountryandaccountsofhismealshelpedwhetdiners’appetitesfornewdishes.AnillustrationofascowlingNixonwithapairofchopsticksglaresdownfromthewallattheexhibition. HunanandSichuanrestaurantsinNewYorkinfluencedthetasteofthewholecountryMr.Schoenfeldsaid.DisheslikeGeneralTso’schickenandcrispyorangebeefcaughtoneverywhere. ButaswiththeCantonesefoodbeforeitMr.Schoenfeldsaidthecookingdegradedovertimeasitbecamemassproduced.Today’sbatter-friedsyrup-ladenversionofChinesefoodhesaidbearslittleresemblancetoauthenticcuisine. TherealexplosionofChineserestaurantsthatmadethemubiquitouscameinthe1980’ssaidBettyXieeditorofChineseRestaurantNews."NowyouseetherearealmostoneortwoChineserestaurantsineverytownintheUnitedStates"shesaid. TherearesignsthatsomehavetiredofChinesefood.A2004ZagatsurveyshowedthatitspopularityhasebbedsomewhatinNewYorkCity. ButthejourneyoftheChineserestaurantremainsthestoryoftheAmericandreamasexperiencedbyaconstantbutevolvingstreamofChineseimmigrantswhorealizedthepotentialof12-hourdaysborrowedcapitalandawillingnesstocookwhateverAmericanswanted.Salesmarginsaretightandwagesarelow. RestaurantsarepassedfromonefamilymembertothenextorsoldbyoneChinesefamilytoanother.OftenacontingencywrittenintoSalescontractsisthatthepreviousownerstrainthenewowners. "ThecompetitioninChinesecommunitiesiscutthroat"Mr.Chentheco-curatorsaid."WhatpeoplerealizeisyoucanmakemuchmuchbetterprofitinplaceslikeMontana." Judgingfromthecontextcutthroatinthelastparagraphmaybereplacedby
TheUnitedStateshashistoricallyhadhigherratesofmarriagethanthoseofotherindustrializedcountries.Thecurrentannualmarriage1intheUnitedStates-about9newmarriagesforevery1000people-is2higherthanitisinotherindustrializedcountries.Howevermarriageis3aswidespreadasitwasseveraldecadesago.4ofAmericanadultswhoaremarried5from72percentin1970to60percentin2002.Thisdoesnotmeanthatlargenumbersofpeoplewillremainunmarried6theirlives.Throughoutthe20thcenturyabout90percentofAmericansmarriedatsome7intheirlives.Experts8thataboutthesameproportionoftoday’syoungadultswilleventuallymarry. Thetimingofmarriagehasvaried9overthepastcentury.In1995theaverageageofwomenintheUnitedStatesatthe10oftheirfirstmarriagewas25.Theaverageageofmenwasabout27.MenandwomenintheUnitedStatesmarry11thefirsttimeatanaverageoffiveyearslaterthanpeople12inthe1950s.13youngadultsofthe1950smarriedyoungerthandidanyprevious14inU.S.histry.Today’slaterageofmarriageis15theageofmarriagebetween1890and1940.16agreaterproportionofthepopulationwasmarried95percentduringthe1950sthanatanytimebefore17.Expertsdonotagreeon18the"marriagerush"ofthelate1940sand1950soccurredbutmostsocialscientistsbelieveitrepresenteda19tothereturnofpeacefullifeandprosperityafter15yearsofsevereeconomic20andwar. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.17
Bythe1950’sand60’s"goingforChinese"hadbecomepartofthesuburbanvernacular.InplaceslikeNewYorkCityeatingChinesefoodbecameintertwinedwiththetraditionsofotherethnicgroupsespeciallythatofJewishimmigrants.ManyJewishfamiliesfaithfullyvisitedtheirfavoriteChineserestauranteverySundaynight.AmongthemenusintheexhibitionareselectionsfromGlattWok:KosherChineseRestaurantandTakeoutinMonseyN.Y.andWokToyinCedarhurstN.Y. Until1965Cantonese-speakingimmigrantsmainlyfromthecountyofToisandominatedtheindustryandmenusreflectedastandardrepertoryoftastybutblandAmericanizationsofCantonesedishes.ButlooseningimmigrationrestrictionsthatyearbroughtafloodofpeoplefrommanydifferentregionsofChinastarting"authenticityrevolution"saidEdSchoenfeldarestaurateurandChinesefoodconsultant. TopchefswhoweretrainedinspicyandmoreunusualregionalspecialtieslikeHunanandSichunancookingcametoNewYorkthenMr.Schoenfeldsaid. PresidentRichardM.Nixon’striptoChinain1972awakenedinterestinthecountryandaccountsofhismealshelpedwhetdiners’appetitesfornewdishes.AnillustrationofascowlingNixonwithapairofchopsticksglaresdownfromthewallattheexhibition. HunanandSichuanrestaurantsinNewYorkinfluencedthetasteofthewholecountryMr.Schoenfeldsaid.DisheslikeGeneralTso’schickenandcrispyorangebeefcaughtoneverywhere. ButaswiththeCantonesefoodbeforeitMr.Schoenfeldsaidthecookingdegradedovertimeasitbecamemassproduced.Today’sbatter-friedsyrup-ladenversionofChinesefoodhesaidbearslittleresemblancetoauthenticcuisine. TherealexplosionofChineserestaurantsthatmadethemubiquitouscameinthe1980’ssaidBettyXieeditorofChineseRestaurantNews."NowyouseetherearealmostoneortwoChineserestaurantsineverytownintheUnitedStates"shesaid. TherearesignsthatsomehavetiredofChinesefood.A2004ZagatsurveyshowedthatitspopularityhasebbedsomewhatinNewYorkCity. ButthejourneyoftheChineserestaurantremainsthestoryoftheAmericandreamasexperiencedbyaconstantbutevolvingstreamofChineseimmigrantswhorealizedthepotentialof12-hourdaysborrowedcapitalandawillingnesstocookwhateverAmericanswanted.Salesmarginsaretightandwagesarelow. RestaurantsarepassedfromonefamilymembertothenextorsoldbyoneChinesefamilytoanother.OftenacontingencywrittenintoSalescontractsisthatthepreviousownerstrainthenewowners. "ThecompetitioninChinesecommunitiesiscutthroat"Mr.Chentheco-curatorsaid."WhatpeoplerealizeisyoucanmakemuchmuchbetterprofitinplaceslikeMontana." AllthefollowinghelpedtheexplosionofChineserestaurantsintheU.S.EXCEPT
Ifyouseeadiamondringonthefourthfingerofawoman’slefthandyouprobablyknowwhatitmeans:inAmericathishaslongbeenthedigitofchoiceforbetrothaljewelryandtheloreofthetradetracesthesymbolismbacktoancienttimes.Butifyouseeadiamondringonthefourthfingerofawoman’srighthandyoumayormaynotknowthatitsignifiesanindependentspiritoreveneconomicempowermentandchanginggendermores."Alotofwomenhavedisposableincome"KatieCouricsaidrecentlyonthe"Today"showaftershowingviewersherChangeright-hander."Whywaitforamantogiveheradiamondring" ThisnotionmaybetracedbackapproximatelytoSeptember.That’swhentheDiamondInformationCenterbeganahugemarketingcampaignaimedatarticulatingthemeaningofright-handrings-andthusarationaleforbuyingthem."Yourlefthandsays’we’"thecampaigndeclares."Yourrighthandsays’me’."Thepositioningisbrilliant:thewearermaybemarriedorunmarriedandmaybuytheringherselforrequestitasagift.Andwhileitcantakeyearsforanewjewelryconcepttoworkitselfthoroughlyintothemainstreamthetight-bandringalreadyhasmomentum. AtthehigherendofthescalethejewelrymakerKwiatwhichsuppliesstoreslikeSaksoffersalineofKwiatSpiritRingsthatcanretailforasmuchas＄5000and"we’resellingitfasterthanwe’remanufacturingit"saysBillGouldthecompany’schiefofmarketing.Attheotherendofthestalemass-orientedretailersthatoftentakeawait-and-seeattitudehavealreadyjumpedonthebandwagon. FirmslikeKwiatweregivenwhatGouldcalls"direction"fromtheDiamondinformationCenteraboutthenewring’sattributes-multiplediamondsinanorth-southorientationthatdistinguishesitfromthelookofanengagementringandsoon.Butallthisissecondarytothenewlymintedmeaning."Theidea"Morrisonsays"isthatbeyondatrendthiscouldbecomeasortofculturalimperative." AtallorderWellbearinmindthat"adiamondisforever"isnotasayinghandeddownfromimperialRome.ItwashandeddownfromanearliergenerationofDeBeersmarketers.JoyceJonasajewelryappraiserandhistoriannotesthatDeBeersinthe40’sand50’stookadvantageofachangingAmericanclassstructuretoturndiamondringsintoanattainablesymbolforthemasses.BynowJonansobservesthestonealone"isjustacommodity".AndthisofcourseiswhatmakesitsinventedsignificancemoreCrucialthanever. JudgingfromBillGould’sremarksinParagraph3wemayinferthat
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