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某公司发行股票60000股，每股面值1元，每股发行价格3元，不考虑其他因素，该公司计入股本的金额为（）元。
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某公司发行股票60000股每股面值1元每股发行价格3元不考虑其他因素该公司应计入股本的金额为元
某公司发行股票60000股每股面值1元每股发行价格3元不考虑其他因素该公司应计入股本的金额为元
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从科学本身而言要得出新的理论首先要在更高的思想层次上做出抽象把所涉及事物的本质客观地联系起来即得出一个统一的模型其次在这个模型基础上推导出新的理论要把已有的有关单独理论概括其中即新理论可以解释原有理论能够解释的全部现象而原有理论却不能解释新理论能够解释的全部这就是科学活动所遵循的基本逻辑 以下选项中最能反映这种逻辑顺序的是
关于行政机关和机构的设立下列说法中正确的是
第1篇CentersoftheGreatEuropeanCities ThecentersofthegreatcitiesofEuropearemeetingplacesbytradition.Peoplegathertheretodrinkcoffeeandchatlateintothenight.Amixtureoflocalsandtouristsmakeforanexcitingmetropolitanatmosphere. Squaresplazas广场andarcades拱廊formtheheartofEurope’scities. VeniceinItalyhasthePlazzaSanMarcoabeautifulsquaresurroundedbyshopschurchesrestaurantsand’cafes.InBarcelonaSpainLaBosqueriaisalivelymarketwithhundredsofstallssellingallkindsofgoods.London’sCoventGardenisfilledwithfruitandvegetablestallsbydayandmusiciansacrobats杂技演员andartistsbynight.Thegovernmentbuildingsatthecenterofmanycitiesoftenarearchitecturallyimpressive.InLondontheyserveasabeautifulbackdrop背景tothecoffeetablesthatlinethestreetsandthebanksoftheThames. Thesevibrant有活力的heartsaretheproductofcenturiesofevolutionsocialhistorianJoelGarreautoldUSNewsandWorldReportrecently.ThereasonpeoplethinkVeniceissogreattodayisyoudon’tseeallthemistakessaidGarreauThosehaveallbeenremoved.MostEuropeancitieswerelaidoutbeforetheinventionofthecarsobarsrestaurantsandcafeswereneartopeople’shomes.TodaythefocusofmanyEuropeans’lifehasmovedawayfromthecenters.Theyliveinthesuburbsandoutskirtsdrivingtosupermarketstogettheirsupplies.Butonacontinentwherepeopletreasureconventiontherearestillthosewhoholdontotraditionalwayslivingandshoppinglocally.Thesepeopletogetherwithtouristsprovidethecitycenterswiththereasonforexistence. Coffeecultureplaysapartinkeepingthesecitycentersflourishing.ThisisparticularlytrueofPariswhosecitizensarefamousenthusiasticconversationalists.Thisskillisdevelopedovermanyhoursspentchattingoverespressos浓咖啡andcigarettes. Religionalsoplaysaroleindevelopingsociableatmosphere.PeopleinRomanCatholiccountriesusedtovisitthechurchonanalmostdailybasis.Entirecommunitieswouldgatherinthesamebuildingandthenmoveouttothemarketscafesandbarsinthesurroundingstreets.AnenormousexampleofthisrelationshipbetweenchurchandsocietyistheDuomo.ThehugemarblecathedralinFlorenceItalyissurroundedbybakeriesandcoffeeshopsandcatersnotonlytothetouristcrowdsbutalsothelocalcommunity.WhydopeoplethinkthatVeniceissogreat
物美超市的收银台平均每小时有60名顾客前来排队付款每一个收银台每小时能应付80名顾客付款某天某时刻超市如果只开设一个收银台付款开始4小时就没有顾客排队了问如果当时开设两个收银台则付款开始就没有顾客排队了
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由于网络具有虚拟特征因而对网络民意要认真分析鉴别从上网的群体结构看年轻人占绝大多数完全无视网络民意则是闭目塞听过于相信网络民意则可能会偏听偏信 根据以上文字下列理解正确的是
下列关于权利和义务的关系的说法不正确的一项是
2004年8月15日新浪网上道路交通安全法中机动车负全责条款在网民的投票中认为不合理和合理的得票比例为悬殊的90.85%对0.45%于是我们不禁要问那些既无公家车可坐亦无私家车可开天天坐着公共汽车或者骑着自行车甚至只靠两只脚走在熙熙攘攘的马路上为生存奔波的最广大的民众会有几人出现在这90.85%或者0.45%中间 下列陈述不能从文义中得出的是
下列关于法的最深层次的本质的表述正确的是
第1篇CentersoftheGreatEuropeanCities ThecentersofthegreatcitiesofEuropearemeetingplacesbytradition.Peoplegathertheretodrinkcoffeeandchatlateintothenight.Amixtureoflocalsandtouristsmakeforanexcitingmetropolitanatmosphere. Squaresplazas广场andarcades拱廊formtheheartofEurope’scities. VeniceinItalyhasthePlazzaSanMarcoabeautifulsquaresurroundedbyshopschurchesrestaurantsand’cafes.InBarcelonaSpainLaBosqueriaisalivelymarketwithhundredsofstallssellingallkindsofgoods.London’sCoventGardenisfilledwithfruitandvegetablestallsbydayandmusiciansacrobats杂技演员andartistsbynight.Thegovernmentbuildingsatthecenterofmanycitiesoftenarearchitecturallyimpressive.InLondontheyserveasabeautifulbackdrop背景tothecoffeetablesthatlinethestreetsandthebanksoftheThames. Thesevibrant有活力的heartsaretheproductofcenturiesofevolutionsocialhistorianJoelGarreautoldUSNewsandWorldReportrecently.ThereasonpeoplethinkVeniceissogreattodayisyoudon’tseeallthemistakessaidGarreauThosehaveallbeenremoved.MostEuropeancitieswerelaidoutbeforetheinventionofthecarsobarsrestaurantsandcafeswereneartopeople’shomes.TodaythefocusofmanyEuropeans’lifehasmovedawayfromthecenters.Theyliveinthesuburbsandoutskirtsdrivingtosupermarketstogettheirsupplies.Butonacontinentwherepeopletreasureconventiontherearestillthosewhoholdontotraditionalwayslivingandshoppinglocally.Thesepeopletogetherwithtouristsprovidethecitycenterswiththereasonforexistence. Coffeecultureplaysapartinkeepingthesecitycentersflourishing.ThisisparticularlytrueofPariswhosecitizensarefamousenthusiasticconversationalists.Thisskillisdevelopedovermanyhoursspentchattingoverespressos浓咖啡andcigarettes. Religionalsoplaysaroleindevelopingsociableatmosphere.PeopleinRomanCatholiccountriesusedtovisitthechurchonanalmostdailybasis.Entirecommunitieswouldgatherinthesamebuildingandthenmoveouttothemarketscafesandbarsinthesurroundingstreets.AnenormousexampleofthisrelationshipbetweenchurchandsocietyistheDuomo.ThehugemarblecathedralinFlorenceItalyissurroundedbybakeriesandcoffeeshopsandcatersnotonlytothetouristcrowdsbutalsothelocalcommunity.ItcanbeinferredfromthefirstparagraphthateachbigcityinEurope______.
根据行政许可法除可以当场作出行政许可决定的外行政机关应当自受理行政许可申请之日起内作出行政许可决定
第1篇CentersoftheGreatEuropeanCities ThecentersofthegreatcitiesofEuropearemeetingplacesbytradition.Peoplegathertheretodrinkcoffeeandchatlateintothenight.Amixtureoflocalsandtouristsmakeforanexcitingmetropolitanatmosphere. Squaresplazas广场andarcades拱廊formtheheartofEurope’scities. VeniceinItalyhasthePlazzaSanMarcoabeautifulsquaresurroundedbyshopschurchesrestaurantsand’cafes.InBarcelonaSpainLaBosqueriaisalivelymarketwithhundredsofstallssellingallkindsofgoods.London’sCoventGardenisfilledwithfruitandvegetablestallsbydayandmusiciansacrobats杂技演员andartistsbynight.Thegovernmentbuildingsatthecenterofmanycitiesoftenarearchitecturallyimpressive.InLondontheyserveasabeautifulbackdrop背景tothecoffeetablesthatlinethestreetsandthebanksoftheThames. Thesevibrant有活力的heartsaretheproductofcenturiesofevolutionsocialhistorianJoelGarreautoldUSNewsandWorldReportrecently.ThereasonpeoplethinkVeniceissogreattodayisyoudon’tseeallthemistakessaidGarreauThosehaveallbeenremoved.MostEuropeancitieswerelaidoutbeforetheinventionofthecarsobarsrestaurantsandcafeswereneartopeople’shomes.TodaythefocusofmanyEuropeans’lifehasmovedawayfromthecenters.Theyliveinthesuburbsandoutskirtsdrivingtosupermarketstogettheirsupplies.Butonacontinentwherepeopletreasureconventiontherearestillthosewhoholdontotraditionalwayslivingandshoppinglocally.Thesepeopletogetherwithtouristsprovidethecitycenterswiththereasonforexistence. Coffeecultureplaysapartinkeepingthesecitycentersflourishing.ThisisparticularlytrueofPariswhosecitizensarefamousenthusiasticconversationalists.Thisskillisdevelopedovermanyhoursspentchattingoverespressos浓咖啡andcigarettes. Religionalsoplaysaroleindevelopingsociableatmosphere.PeopleinRomanCatholiccountriesusedtovisitthechurchonanalmostdailybasis.Entirecommunitieswouldgatherinthesamebuildingandthenmoveouttothemarketscafesandbarsinthesurroundingstreets.AnenormousexampleofthisrelationshipbetweenchurchandsocietyistheDuomo.ThehugemarblecathedralinFlorenceItalyissurroundedbybakeriesandcoffeeshopsandcatersnotonlytothetouristcrowdsbutalsothelocalcommunity.ThewritercitestheDuomointhelastparagraphasanexampletoillustratethat______.
第4篇TryingtoFindaPartner OneofthemoststrikingfindingsofarecentpollintheUKisthatofthepeopleinterviewedoneintwobelievesthatitisbecomingmoredifficulttomeetsomeonetostartafamilywith. WhyaremanyfindingitincreasinglydifficulttostartandsustainintimaterelationshipsDoesmodernlifereallymakeithardertofallinloveOrarewemakingitharderforourselves Itiscertainlythecasetodaythatcontemporarycouplesbenefitindifferentwaysfromrelationships.Womennolongerrelyuponpartnersforeconomicsecurityorstatus.Amandoesn’texpecthisspousetobeinsolechargeofrunninghishouseholdandraisinghischildren. Butperhapstheknowledgethatwecanliveperfectlywellwithoutapartnershipmeansthatittakesmuchmoretopersuadepeopletoabandontheirindependence. Intheoryfindingapartnershouldbemuchsimplerthesedays.Onlyafewgenerationsagoyourchoiceofsoulmate心上人wasconstrainedbygeographysocialconventionandfamilytradition.Althoughitwasneverexplicitmanymarriageswereessentiallyarranged. Nowthosebarriershavebeenbrokendown.Youcanapproachabuilderorabrainsurgeoninanybarinanycityonanygivenevening.Whentheworldisyouroyster牡蛎yousurelyhaveabetterchanceoffindingapearl. Butitseemsthattheoldconventionshavebeenreplacedbyaneventighterconstraint:thetyrannyofchoice. Theexpectationsofpartnersareinflatedtoanunmanageabledegreegoodlooksimpressivesalarykindtograndmotherandrightsocks.Thereisnoroomforerrorinthefirstimpression. Wethinkthatarelationshipcanbeperfect.Ifitisn’titisdisposable.Weworktoprotectourselvesagainstfutureheartacheanddon’tputinthehardemotionallaborneededtobuildastrongrelationship.Ofcoursethisiscomplicatedbyrealities.Thecostofhousingandchild-rearingcreatespressuretohaveastableincomeandcareerbeforealifepartnership.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutacontemporarymarriedcouple
第4篇TryingtoFindaPartner OneofthemoststrikingfindingsofarecentpollintheUKisthatofthepeopleinterviewedoneintwobelievesthatitisbecomingmoredifficulttomeetsomeonetostartafamilywith. WhyaremanyfindingitincreasinglydifficulttostartandsustainintimaterelationshipsDoesmodernlifereallymakeithardertofallinloveOrarewemakingitharderforourselves Itiscertainlythecasetodaythatcontemporarycouplesbenefitindifferentwaysfromrelationships.Womennolongerrelyuponpartnersforeconomicsecurityorstatus.Amandoesn’texpecthisspousetobeinsolechargeofrunninghishouseholdandraisinghischildren. Butperhapstheknowledgethatwecanliveperfectlywellwithoutapartnershipmeansthatittakesmuchmoretopersuadepeopletoabandontheirindependence. Intheoryfindingapartnershouldbemuchsimplerthesedays.Onlyafewgenerationsagoyourchoiceofsoulmate心上人wasconstrainedbygeographysocialconventionandfamilytradition.Althoughitwasneverexplicitmanymarriageswereessentiallyarranged. Nowthosebarriershavebeenbrokendown.Youcanapproachabuilderorabrainsurgeoninanybarinanycityonanygivenevening.Whentheworldisyouroyster牡蛎yousurelyhaveabetterchanceoffindingapearl. Butitseemsthattheoldconventionshavebeenreplacedbyaneventighterconstraint:thetyrannyofchoice. Theexpectationsofpartnersareinflatedtoanunmanageabledegreegoodlooksimpressivesalarykindtograndmotherandrightsocks.Thereisnoroomforerrorinthefirstimpression. Wethinkthatarelationshipcanbeperfect.Ifitisn’titisdisposable.Weworktoprotectourselvesagainstfutureheartacheanddon’tputinthehardemotionallaborneededtobuildastrongrelationship.Ofcoursethisiscomplicatedbyrealities.Thecostofhousingandchild-rearingcreatespressuretohaveastableincomeandcareerbeforealifepartnership.WhichofthefollowingisNOTexpectedofapartneraccordingtothispassage
提高服务业的比重和水平要制定和完善促进服务业发展的政策措施大力发展金融保险物流信息和法律服务等现代服务业积极发展文化旅游社区服务等需求潜力大的产业运用现代经营方式和信息技术改造提升传统服务业 这段话的主旨是
下列句子中没有歧义的一项是
A县人民政府为建宾馆向该县B银行贷款600万元届期未能偿还B银行以A县人民政府为被告向人民法院提起诉讼该案所涉及的法律关系
商场促销前先将商品提价20%再实行买400送200的促销活动200元为购物券使用购物券时不循环赠送问在促销期间商品的实际价格是不提价前商品原价格的
现在许多科技期刊大量充斥着关系稿人情稿职称稿赞助稿这对学术腐败起着推波助澜的作用 根据这段话我们可以知道
虽然政府已经加大力度整顿和规范市场经济秩序并且市场秩序已经有所好转但是在某些方面和领域依然存在着严重的问题例如偷税骗税商业欺诈逃避债务财务失真违反财经纪律等行为时有发生而假冒伪劣商品文化市场混乱工程质量低劣等问题也引起民众的强烈反应 这段话后作者最有可能会得出哪个结论
现有一种预防禽流感药物配置成的甲乙两种不同浓度的消毒溶液若从甲中取2100克乙中取700克混合而成的消毒溶液的浓度为3%若从甲中取900克乙中取2700克则混合而成的消毒溶液的浓度为5%则甲乙两种消毒溶液的浓度分别为
国务院设立办公厅由领导
第3篇ShamingPunishments LastmonthJamesConnollyajuniorattheUniversityofMassachusettsstoodinfrontofalocalpolicestationwearingatoga长袍aspunishment. HiscrimeHewaschargedwithunderagedrinkingillegalpossessionofalcoholandexcessivenoisewhileholdingaparty. ThisshamingpunishmenthasincreasedintheUSinrecentyearsmostlyimposedbylocaljudgesforlessseriouscrimessuchasdrunkdrivingandtheft. Theybelieveshameisthebestpettycrimedeterrent威慑.ForexampleinTennesseeJudgeJamesMcKenziehasmadeshoplifters商店货物扒手standoutsideWal-MartwithsignsthatreadIamathiefputherebyorderofJudgeMcKenzieAlternativepunishmentslikecommunityserviceandfinesdon’tconveymoralcondemnation谴责ofthecriminal.saidDanKahanaUniversityofChicagoLawSchoolprofessorinanarticlepublishedontheuniversity’swebsite.Theyaren’tshamefulenough. ShamingpunishmentsaresometimescalledScarlet红色的Letterpunishments.ThenamecomesfromUSauthorNathanielHawthorne’s1850novelTheScarletLetter.InthisnovelawomanisforcedtowearascarletAonherclothesaspunishmentforheradultery通奸. HoweverUniversityofIowalawprofessorAndrewHosmaneksaidthereisanimportantdifferencebetweentheshamingpunishmentsofcolonialAmericaandthoseassignedinstateslikeTennessee. Earlysocietiesoftenhadareacceptanceceremonytowelcometheoffenderbackintomainsociety.saysHosmanek.ContemporarypunishmentsinAmericalackthis. Supportersofshamingpunishmentarguethatpublicshamingisagoodwayofexpressingcommunityvalues.Somejudgessayshamedoffendersseldomrepeattheircrimes. Othersaren’tsosure.Thereislittleevidencetosuggestthatshamingpunishmentsaresuccessfulinpreventingpeoplefromcommittingspecificcrimes.Andashamedcriminalmayfaceahardbattletoregaincredibilityinsociety.saidHosmanek.Soashamingpunishmentmayforcetheoffenderintomorecrimestosupporthimself. Expertsalsodebateshamingpunishment’sdamagetohumandignity.Sincethepointistoshameit’sofcoursedegrading侮辱人格的.saidLindaMalonedirectoroftheHumanRightsandNationalSecurityLawProgrammeatWilliamandMaryLawSchool. USlawonlyprohibitspunishmentthatis’cruelandunusual’--not’inhumananddegrading’.It’sverydifficultforathieftoprovethatholdingasigninfrontofWal-Martis’cruelandunusual’.JamesConnollywasaccusedofallthefollowingcrimesEXCEPT______.
第3篇ShamingPunishments LastmonthJamesConnollyajuniorattheUniversityofMassachusettsstoodinfrontofalocalpolicestationwearingatoga长袍aspunishment. HiscrimeHewaschargedwithunderagedrinkingillegalpossessionofalcoholandexcessivenoisewhileholdingaparty. ThisshamingpunishmenthasincreasedintheUSinrecentyearsmostlyimposedbylocaljudgesforlessseriouscrimessuchasdrunkdrivingandtheft. Theybelieveshameisthebestpettycrimedeterrent威慑.ForexampleinTennesseeJudgeJamesMcKenziehasmadeshoplifters商店货物扒手standoutsideWal-MartwithsignsthatreadIamathiefputherebyorderofJudgeMcKenzieAlternativepunishmentslikecommunityserviceandfinesdon’tconveymoralcondemnation谴责ofthecriminal.saidDanKahanaUniversityofChicagoLawSchoolprofessorinanarticlepublishedontheuniversity’swebsite.Theyaren’tshamefulenough. ShamingpunishmentsaresometimescalledScarlet红色的Letterpunishments.ThenamecomesfromUSauthorNathanielHawthorne’s1850novelTheScarletLetter.InthisnovelawomanisforcedtowearascarletAonherclothesaspunishmentforheradultery通奸. HoweverUniversityofIowalawprofessorAndrewHosmaneksaidthereisanimportantdifferencebetweentheshamingpunishmentsofcolonialAmericaandthoseassignedinstateslikeTennessee. Earlysocietiesoftenhadareacceptanceceremonytowelcometheoffenderbackintomainsociety.saysHosmanek.ContemporarypunishmentsinAmericalackthis. Supportersofshamingpunishmentarguethatpublicshamingisagoodwayofexpressingcommunityvalues.Somejudgessayshamedoffendersseldomrepeattheircrimes. Othersaren’tsosure.Thereislittleevidencetosuggestthatshamingpunishmentsaresuccessfulinpreventingpeoplefromcommittingspecificcrimes.Andashamedcriminalmayfaceahardbattletoregaincredibilityinsociety.saidHosmanek.Soashamingpunishmentmayforcetheoffenderintomorecrimestosupporthimself. Expertsalsodebateshamingpunishment’sdamagetohumandignity.Sincethepointistoshameit’sofcoursedegrading侮辱人格的.saidLindaMalonedirectoroftheHumanRightsandNationalSecurityLawProgrammeatWilliamandMaryLawSchool. USlawonlyprohibitspunishmentthatis’cruelandunusual’--not’inhumananddegrading’.It’sverydifficultforathieftoprovethatholdingasigninfrontofWal-Martis’cruelandunusual’.InthenovelTheScarletLetterawomanisaccusedof______.
第2篇DoubtfulWaystoReduceandIncreaseYourWeight Youhearthis:Nowonderyouarefat.Allyoueverdoiseat.Youfeelsad:Iskipmybreakfastandsupper.Iruneverymorningandevening.WhatelsecanIdoBasicallyyoucandonothing.Yourgenesnotyourlifehabitsdetermineyourweightandyourbodyconstantlytriestomaintainit. AlbertStunkardoftheUniversityofPennsylvaniafoundfromexperimentsthat80percentofthechildrenoftwoobese肥胖的parentsbecomeobeseascomparedwithnomorethan14percentoftheoffspringoftwoparentsofnormalweight. HowcanobesepeoplebecomenormaloreventhinthroughdietingWelldietingcanbeeffectivebutthehealthcostsaretremendous.JulesHirscharesearchphysicianatRockefellerUniversitydidastudyofeightfatpeople.Theyweregivenaliquidformulaproviding600caloriesaday.Aftermorethan10weeksthesubjectslost45kaonaverage.Butafterleavingthehospitaltheyallregainedweight.Theresultsweresurprising:bymetabolic新陈代谢的measurementfatpeoplewholostlargeamountsofweightseemedliketheywerestarving.Theyhadpsychiatricproblems.Theydreamedoffoodorbreakingtheirdiet.Theywereanxiousanddepressed;someweresuicidal.Theyhidfoodintheirrooms.Researcherswarnthatitispossiblethatweightreductiondoesn’tresultinnormalweightbutinanab-normalstateresemblingthatofstarvednon-obesepeople. Thinpeoplehoweversufferfromtheopposite:Theyhavetomakeagreatefforttogainweight.EthanSimsoftheUniversityofVermontgotprisonerstovolunteertogainweight.Infourtosixmonthstheyateasmuchastheycould.Theysucceededinincreasingtheirweightby20to25percent.Butmonthsafterthestudyendedtheywerebacktonormalweightandstayedthere. Thisdoesnotmeanthatpeoplearecompletelywithouthopeincontrollingtheirweight.Itmeansthatthosewhotendtobefatwillhavetoconstantlybaffletheirgeneticinheritanceiftheywanttosignificantlylowertheirweight.Thefindingsalsoprovideevidenceforsomethingscientiststhoughtwastrue—eachpersonhasacomfortableweightrange.Therangemightbeasmuchas9kg.Someonemightweigh60-69kgwithouttoomucheffort.Butgoingaboveorbelowthenaturalweightrangeisdifficult.Thebodyresistsbyfeelinghungryorfullandchangingthemetabolismtopushtheweightbacktotherangeitseeks.EthanSimsmadehissubjects
国有贤良之士众则国家之治厚贤良之士寡则国家之治薄人才尤其领导人才如何科学准确地识别选拔使用是事关国家兴亡的重大问题__同志在中央纪委第七次全会上特别强调要把人选准用好干部的优劣和是非功过群众看得最清楚也最有发言权对于如何识人用人的问题他引用孟子的一段话说左右皆日贤未可也诸大夫皆日贤未可也国人皆日贤然后察之见贤焉然后用之 这段材料在如何识人用人的问题上着重强调的是
下列句子中句意明确且没有语病的一句是
第3篇ShamingPunishments LastmonthJamesConnollyajuniorattheUniversityofMassachusettsstoodinfrontofalocalpolicestationwearingatoga长袍aspunishment. HiscrimeHewaschargedwithunderagedrinkingillegalpossessionofalcoholandexcessivenoisewhileholdingaparty. ThisshamingpunishmenthasincreasedintheUSinrecentyearsmostlyimposedbylocaljudgesforlessseriouscrimessuchasdrunkdrivingandtheft. Theybelieveshameisthebestpettycrimedeterrent威慑.ForexampleinTennesseeJudgeJamesMcKenziehasmadeshoplifters商店货物扒手standoutsideWal-MartwithsignsthatreadIamathiefputherebyorderofJudgeMcKenzieAlternativepunishmentslikecommunityserviceandfinesdon’tconveymoralcondemnation谴责ofthecriminal.saidDanKahanaUniversityofChicagoLawSchoolprofessorinanarticlepublishedontheuniversity’swebsite.Theyaren’tshamefulenough. ShamingpunishmentsaresometimescalledScarlet红色的Letterpunishments.ThenamecomesfromUSauthorNathanielHawthorne’s1850novelTheScarletLetter.InthisnovelawomanisforcedtowearascarletAonherclothesaspunishmentforheradultery通奸. HoweverUniversityofIowalawprofessorAndrewHosmaneksaidthereisanimportantdifferencebetweentheshamingpunishmentsofcolonialAmericaandthoseassignedinstateslikeTennessee. Earlysocietiesoftenhadareacceptanceceremonytowelcometheoffenderbackintomainsociety.saysHosmanek.ContemporarypunishmentsinAmericalackthis. Supportersofshamingpunishmentarguethatpublicshamingisagoodwayofexpressingcommunityvalues.Somejudgessayshamedoffendersseldomrepeattheircrimes. Othersaren’tsosure.Thereislittleevidencetosuggestthatshamingpunishmentsaresuccessfulinpreventingpeoplefromcommittingspecificcrimes.Andashamedcriminalmayfaceahardbattletoregaincredibilityinsociety.saidHosmanek.Soashamingpunishmentmayforcetheoffenderintomorecrimestosupporthimself. Expertsalsodebateshamingpunishment’sdamagetohumandignity.Sincethepointistoshameit’sofcoursedegrading侮辱人格的.saidLindaMalonedirectoroftheHumanRightsandNationalSecurityLawProgrammeatWilliamandMaryLawSchool. USlawonlyprohibitspunishmentthatis’cruelandunusual’--not’inhumananddegrading’.It’sverydifficultforathieftoprovethatholdingasigninfrontofWal-Martis’cruelandunusual’.WhatdoesUSlawforbid
第2篇DoubtfulWaystoReduceandIncreaseYourWeight Youhearthis:Nowonderyouarefat.Allyoueverdoiseat.Youfeelsad:Iskipmybreakfastandsupper.Iruneverymorningandevening.WhatelsecanIdoBasicallyyoucandonothing.Yourgenesnotyourlifehabitsdetermineyourweightandyourbodyconstantlytriestomaintainit. AlbertStunkardoftheUniversityofPennsylvaniafoundfromexperimentsthat80percentofthechildrenoftwoobese肥胖的parentsbecomeobeseascomparedwithnomorethan14percentoftheoffspringoftwoparentsofnormalweight. HowcanobesepeoplebecomenormaloreventhinthroughdietingWelldietingcanbeeffectivebutthehealthcostsaretremendous.JulesHirscharesearchphysicianatRockefellerUniversitydidastudyofeightfatpeople.Theyweregivenaliquidformulaproviding600caloriesaday.Aftermorethan10weeksthesubjectslost45kaonaverage.Butafterleavingthehospitaltheyallregainedweight.Theresultsweresurprising:bymetabolic新陈代谢的measurementfatpeoplewholostlargeamountsofweightseemedliketheywerestarving.Theyhadpsychiatricproblems.Theydreamedoffoodorbreakingtheirdiet.Theywereanxiousanddepressed;someweresuicidal.Theyhidfoodintheirrooms.Researcherswarnthatitispossiblethatweightreductiondoesn’tresultinnormalweightbutinanab-normalstateresemblingthatofstarvednon-obesepeople. Thinpeoplehoweversufferfromtheopposite:Theyhavetomakeagreatefforttogainweight.EthanSimsoftheUniversityofVermontgotprisonerstovolunteertogainweight.Infourtosixmonthstheyateasmuchastheycould.Theysucceededinincreasingtheirweightby20to25percent.Butmonthsafterthestudyendedtheywerebacktonormalweightandstayedthere. Thisdoesnotmeanthatpeoplearecompletelywithouthopeincontrollingtheirweight.Itmeansthatthosewhotendtobefatwillhavetoconstantlybaffletheirgeneticinheritanceiftheywanttosignificantlylowertheirweight.Thefindingsalsoprovideevidenceforsomethingscientiststhoughtwastrue—eachpersonhasacomfortableweightrange.Therangemightbeasmuchas9kg.Someonemightweigh60-69kgwithouttoomucheffort.Butgoingaboveorbelowthenaturalweightrangeisdifficult.Thebodyresistsbyfeelinghungryorfullandchangingthemetabolismtopushtheweightbacktotherangeitseeks.WhatdidJulesHirschdototheeightfatpeopleinhisstudy
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