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In February of 1997 Dolly, the first successful mammalian clone, was born in Edinburgh, Scotland....
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Dolly’sdeathlikeherbirth________________注定raisewor
Itwasthefact______Dollythesheepseemedtodevelopnorm
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绵羊Dolly克隆成功的重大意义
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根据短文内容判断下列句子的正T.误FA.manhasaparrot鹦鹉.ItsnameisDolly
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LargelyforspiritualreasonsNancyManosstartedhome-schoolingherchildrenfiveyearsagoandhasstudiouslyavoidedpublicschoolseversince.Yetlastweekshewasenthusiasticallyenrollingher8-year-olddaughterOliviainsignlanguageandmoderndanceclassesatEagleridgeEnrichment—aprogramrunbytheMesaAriz.publicschoolsandtaughtbydistrictteachers.ManosstillwantstohandlethebasicsbutlikesthatEagleridgeofferstheextrasthingsIcouldn’tteach.Onedoubtthoughlingersinhermind.whywouldthepublicschoolsystemwanttoofferhome-schoolfamiliesanythingAbigpartoftheansweriseconomics.Thenumberofhome-schooledkidsnationwidehasrisentoasmanyas1.9millionfromanestimated345000in1994andschooldistrictsthatgetstateandlocaldollarsperchildarebeginningtosuffer.InMaricopaCountywhichincludesMesathenumberofhome-schooledkidshasmorethandoubledduringthatperiodto7526atabout$4500achildthat’snearly$34millionayearinlostrevenue.Noteveryone’shappywiththeseinnovations.Somestateshavetakentheoppositetack.LikeabouthalfthestatesWestVirginiarefusestoallowhome-schooledkidstoplaypublic-schoolsports.AndinArizonasomecomplainthattheirtaxdollarsarebeingusedtocreateprogramsforfamilieswhoessentiallyeschewparticipationinpubliclife.ThatmakesmyteethgritsaysDaphneAtkesonwhose10-year-oldsonattendspublicschoolinParadiseValley.Evensomecommittedhome-schoolersquestionthenewprogramsgiventheircentralirony.theyturnhome-schoolersintopublic-schoolstudentssaysBobParsonspresidentoftheAlaskaPrivateandHomeEducatorsAssociation.We’velostaboutonethirdofourmemberstothoseprograms.They’resoenticing.MesastartedEagleridgefouryearsagowhenitsawhowmuchmoneyitwaslosingfromhomeschoolers—andhowunpreparedsomestudentswerewhentheyre-enteredtheschools.Sinceitbegantheprogram’senrollmenthasnearlydoubledto397andlastyearthedistrictmovedEagleridgetoastripmallbetweenapizzajointandalaser-tagarcade.Parentstypicallydropofftheirkidsonceaweek;becausemostofthechildrenqualifyasquarter-timestudentsthedistrictcollects$911perchild.It’slikegettingatasteofwhatrealschoolislikesays10-year-oldChadLucaswho’slearningcomputeranimationandcreativewriting.Otherschooldistrictsarealsoexperimentingwithnovelwaystocourthomeschoolers.ThetownofGalenaAlaskapop.600hasjust178students.Butin1997itsschooladministratorsfiguredtheycouldreachbeyondtheirborders.Undertheprogramthedistrictgiveshome-schoolingfamiliesfreecomputersandInternetserviceforcorrespondenceclasses.Inreturnthedistrictgets$3100perstudentenrolledintheprogram—$9.6millionayearwhichithasusedpartlyforanewvocationalschool.Suchalternativesjustmightappealtootherdistricts.ErnestFeltyheadofHardinCountyschoolsinsouthernIllinoishas10home-schooledpupils.Thatmaynotsoundlikemuch—exceptthathehasastaffof68andat$4500achildthat’sprobablyateacher’ssalaryFehysays.Withtherightroboticsorartclassthoughhecouldtakethehomeoutofhomeschooling.ThestatisticsinParagraphtwohelpsusdrawaconclusionthat______.
SuddenlytheeconomicsofAmericansuburbanlifeareunderassaultasskyrocketingenergypricesinflatethecostsofreachingheatingandcoolinghomesonthedistantedgesofmetropolitanareas.JustoffSingingHillsRoadinoneofhundredsoftwo-storyhomesdottingaformercattleranchbeyondthesouthernfringesofDenverPhilBoyleandhisfamilyopenlywonderiftheywillhavetomoveclosetotowntogetsomerelief.TheystillrevelinthespaceandquietthathasdrawnasteadyexodusfromAmericancitiestowardplaceslikethisformorethanhalfacentury.Butlifeontheedgesofsuburbiaisbeginningtofeeluntenable.Mr.Boyleandhiswifemustdrivenearlyanhourtotheirjobsinthehigh-techcorridorofsouthernDenver.Withgasolineatmorethan$4agallonMr.Boylerecentlypaid$121tofillhispickuptruckwithdieselfuel.InMarchthelasttimehefilledhispropanetanktoheathisspacioushousehepaid$566morethantwicethepriceof5yearsago.ThoughMr.Boylefindscitylifeunappealingitisnowupforreconsideration.Livingcloserininasmallerspacewhereyoudon’thavethatcommutehesaidIt’sdefinitelysomethingwetalkabout.Beforeitwas’wespendtoomuchtimedriving.’Nowit’s’wespendtoomuchtimeandmoneydriving.’Acrossthenationtherealizationistakingholdthatrisingenergypricesarelessamomentaryblipthanachangewithlastingconsequences.Theshifttocostlierfuelisthreateningtoslowthedecades-oldmigrationawayfromcitieswhileexacerbatingthe’housingdownturnbydiminishingtheappealoflargerhomessetfarfromurbanjobs.InAtlantaPhiladelphiaSanFranciscoandMinneapolishomesbeyondtheurbancorehavebeenfallinginvaluefasterthanthosewithinaccordingtoananalysisbyMoody’sEconomy.com.InDenverhousingpricesintheurbancorerosesteadilyfrom2003untillatelastyearcomparedwithpreviousyearsbeforedippingnearly5percentinthelastthreemonthsoflastyearaccordingtoEconomy.com.Buthousepricesinthesuburbsbeganfallingearlierinthemiddleof2006andthenaccelerateddroppingby7percentduringthelastthreemonthsoftheyearfromayearearlier.ManyfactorshavepropelledtheunravelingofAmericanrealestatefromthemortgagecrisistoastaggeringexcessofhomeconstruction.Buteconomistsandrealestateagentsaregrowingconvincedthattherisingcostofenergyisnowaprimaryfactorpushinghomepricesdowninthesuburbs.Morethanthree-fourthsofprospectivehomebuyersarenowmoreinclinedtoliveinanurbanareabecauseoffuelpricesaccordingtoarecentsurveyof903realestateagentswithColdwellBankerthenationalbrokeragefirm.BysayingNowit’s’wespendtoomuchtimeandmoneydriving.’Line3Paragraph3Philimplies______.
AsPhiladelphiagrewfromasmalltownintoacityinthefirsthalfoftheeighteenthcenturyitbecameanincreasinglyimportantmarketingcenterforavastagriculturalhinterland.Marketdays1thecrowdedcityevenmorecrowdedasfarmersfromwithina2of24ormorekilometersbroughttheirsheepvegetablesciderandotherproductsfordirectsaletothe3.TheHighStreetMarketwascontinuously4throughouttheperioduntil17365it6fromFrontStreettoThird.By1745NewMarketwasopenedonSecondStreet.ThenextyeartheCallowHillMarketbegan7. Alongwithmarketdaysthe8oftwice-yearlyfairspersistedinPhiladelphia9aftersimilartradingdayshadbeendiscontinuedinothercolonialcities.The10providedameansofbringinghandmadegoodsfrom11placestowould-bebuyersinthecity.LinensandstockingsfromGermantown12werepopularitems. Auctionswereanotherpopular13oftrade.Becauseofthecompetitionretail14opposedtheseaswellasthefairs.15governmentalattemptstoeradicatefairsandauctionswerelessthansuccessfultheordinary16ofeconomicdevelopmentwasonthemerchants’sideasincreasingbusinessspecializationbecamethe17oftheday.Exportmerchantsbecamedifferentiatedfromtheirimportingcounterpartsandspecialtyshopsbegantoappear18generalstoressellingavarietyofgoods. OneofthereasonsPhiladelphia’smerchantsprosperedwasbecausethesurroundingareawasundergoingtremendouseconomicanddemographicgrowth.Theydidtheirbusiness19inthecapitalcityoftheprovince20tonotonlythegovernorandhiscirclebutcitizensfromalloverthecolony. Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmark[A][B][C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.16
Foryearssmokershavebeenexhortedtotaketheinitiativeandquit:useanicotinepatchchewnicotinegumtakeaprescriptionmedicationthatcanhelpcallahelplinejustsayno.Butanewstudyfindsthatstoppingisseldomanindividualdecision.Smokerstendtoquitingroupsthestudyfindswhichmeanssmokingcessationprogramsshouldworkbestiftheyfocusongroupsratherthanindividuals.Italsomeansthatpeoplemayhelpmanymorethanjustthemselvesbyquitting:quittingcanhavearippleeffectpromptinganentiresocialnetworktobreakthehabit.ThestudybyDr.NicholasChristakisofHarvardMedicalSchoolandJamesFowleroftheUniversityofCaliforniaSanDiegofollowedthousandsofsmokersandnonsmokersfor32yearsfrom1971until2003studyingthemaspartofalargenetworkofrelativesco-workersneighborsfriendsandfriendsoffriends.ItwasatimewhenthepercentageofadultsmokersintheUnitedStatesfellto21percentfrom45percent.Astheinvestigatorswatchedthesmokersandtheirsocialnetworkstheysawwhattheysaidwasastrikingeffect—smokershadformedlittlesocialclustersandastheyearswentbyentireclustersofsmokerswerestoppingenmasse.Sowereclustersofclustersthatwereonlylooselyconnected.Dr.Christakisdescribedwatchingthevanishingclustersaslikelyingonyourbackinafieldlookingupatstarsthatwereburningout.It’snotlikeonelittlestarturningoffatatimehesaidWholeconstellationsareblinkingoffatonce.Asclusterafterclusterofsmokersdisappearedthosethatremainedwerepushedtothemarginsofsocietyisolatedwithfewerfriendsfewersocialconnections.SmokersusedtobethecenterofthepartyDr.Fowlersaidbutnowthey’vebecomewallflowers.We’veknownsmokingwasbadforyourphysicalhealthhesaidButthisshowsitalsoisbadforyoursocialhealth.Smokersarelikelytodrivefriendsaway.ThereisanessentialpublichealthmessagesaidRichardSuzmandirectoroftheofficeofbehavioralandsocialresearchattheNationalInstituteonAgingwhichfinancedthestudy.ObviouslypeoplehavetotakeresponsibilityfortheirbehaviorMr.Suzmansaid.Butasocialenvironmentheaddedcanjustoverpowerfreewill.Withsmokingthatcanbeagoodthingresearchersnoted.Buttherealsoisasadside.AsDr.StevenSehroederoftheUniversityofCaliforniaSanFranciscopointedoutinaneditorialaccompanyingthepaperariskofthemarginalizationofsmokingisthatitfurtherisolatesthegroupofpeoplewiththehighestrateofsmoking—personswithmentalillnessproblemswithsubstanceabuseorboth./Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtotheopeningparagraph
Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressayyoushould 1describethedrawingbriefly 2explainitsintendedmeaningandthen 3supportyourviewwithanexample/examples.
TogethelpInternetaddictstiredoftheirsquare-eyedkeyboardtappingwaysneedlooknofurtherthantheWebforcounseling.Thereisnowanonlinecounselingserviceatwww.relateorg.nzforInternetobsessives.Juste-mailthedetailsofyourInternet-inducedcrisisandhelpcomesdirecttoyourinbox.46Thenewbreedofcybertherapistsseenothingstrangeaboutofferinghelpthroughtheverymediumthatisswallowingtheirclients’freetimeandsplittingtheirmarriages. GettinghookedontheInternetisn’tconfinedtoafewcomputernerds.It’sontheriseeverywhere—andwomenarethemostlikelyaddicts.Theoldstereotypicaladdictwasayoungmanwhospenthoursplayinggamesdownloadingsoftwareorreadingmessagesonnewsgroups.47Yetthenewimageisofayoungwomanwhofrittersawayhourse-mailingfriendsbuyingbooksandCDsonlinetalkinginchatroomsandlookingforinformationfornextyear’sholiday. IngridParkeronceaslavetoInternetchatroomsfoundherexperiencessodevastatingthatshewroteabooktohelpotheraddictsbreakthehabit.48Hercomputerdreamturnedtonightmarewhenshesoldupandmovedtobewithhercyberpalwhohadjustlefthiswifeonlytobetoldaweeklaterthatthecoupleweregettingbacktogether.Theheart-breakingturnofeventsgaveherthemotivationtocontrolheraddiction—andwritethebookCaughtintheWeb. ForIngridParkeranyonewhoismarriedorinasoundrelationshipshouldnotreallybespendinghourstalkingtosomeoneelseandignoringtheirnearestanddearest.49WhileParkerprovidedherowntherapybyputtingherexperiencesdownonpapersherecommendsotherstakeuptheonlinecounselingofferorlogofffromtheWorldwideWebgradually. Shesaid"It’slikesmoking.It’snotagoodideatosuddenlygocoldturkey.PeopleoftenemailmeabouttheproblemandItellthemtograduallyweanthemselvesoffandnottoswitchtoaschemewhereyoupayperhourforonlinetime.50IftheybreaktheirresolutionalltheyendupwiththenisthesameoldproblemplusmoneydifficultiesforthelonghourstheyhavespentloggedintotheInternet." OfcoursetheInternetisdefinitelyaddictivebutifyoucankeepitincontrolithasadvantagestoo.Usingitcanbeasteeplearningcurvesoithelpsyoubecomeveryquickatlearning.AlsothereisahugedemandforpeopleinthefieldofInformationTechnologyITandhoursontheInternetaregreattraining. 50
LargelyforspiritualreasonsNancyManosstartedhome-schoolingherchildrenfiveyearsagoandhasstudiouslyavoidedpublicschoolseversince.Yetlastweekshewasenthusiasticallyenrollingher8-year-olddaughterOliviainsignlanguageandmoderndanceclassesatEagleridgeEnrichment—aprogramrunbytheMesaAriz.publicschoolsandtaughtbydistrictteachers.ManosstillwantstohandlethebasicsbutlikesthatEagleridgeofferstheextrasthingsIcouldn’tteach.Onedoubtthoughlingersinhermind.whywouldthepublicschoolsystemwanttoofferhome-schoolfamiliesanythingAbigpartoftheansweriseconomics.Thenumberofhome-schooledkidsnationwidehasrisentoasmanyas1.9millionfromanestimated345000in1994andschooldistrictsthatgetstateandlocaldollarsperchildarebeginningtosuffer.InMaricopaCountywhichincludesMesathenumberofhome-schooledkidshasmorethandoubledduringthatperiodto7526atabout$4500achildthat’snearly$34millionayearinlostrevenue.Noteveryone’shappywiththeseinnovations.Somestateshavetakentheoppositetack.LikeabouthalfthestatesWestVirginiarefusestoallowhome-schooledkidstoplaypublic-schoolsports.AndinArizonasomecomplainthattheirtaxdollarsarebeingusedtocreateprogramsforfamilieswhoessentiallyeschewparticipationinpubliclife.ThatmakesmyteethgritsaysDaphneAtkesonwhose10-year-oldsonattendspublicschoolinParadiseValley.Evensomecommittedhome-schoolersquestionthenewprogramsgiventheircentralirony.theyturnhome-schoolersintopublic-schoolstudentssaysBobParsonspresidentoftheAlaskaPrivateandHomeEducatorsAssociation.We’velostaboutonethirdofourmemberstothoseprograms.They’resoenticing.MesastartedEagleridgefouryearsagowhenitsawhowmuchmoneyitwaslosingfromhomeschoolers—andhowunpreparedsomestudentswerewhentheyre-enteredtheschools.Sinceitbegantheprogram’senrollmenthasnearlydoubledto397andlastyearthedistrictmovedEagleridgetoastripmallbetweenapizzajointandalaser-tagarcade.Parentstypicallydropofftheirkidsonceaweek;becausemostofthechildrenqualifyasquarter-timestudentsthedistrictcollects$911perchild.It’slikegettingatasteofwhatrealschoolislikesays10-year-oldChadLucaswho’slearningcomputeranimationandcreativewriting.Otherschooldistrictsarealsoexperimentingwithnovelwaystocourthomeschoolers.ThetownofGalenaAlaskapop.600hasjust178students.Butin1997itsschooladministratorsfiguredtheycouldreachbeyondtheirborders.Undertheprogramthedistrictgiveshome-schoolingfamiliesfreecomputersandInternetserviceforcorrespondenceclasses.Inreturnthedistrictgets$3100perstudentenrolledintheprogram—$9.6millionayearwhichithasusedpartlyforanewvocationalschool.Suchalternativesjustmightappealtootherdistricts.ErnestFeltyheadofHardinCountyschoolsinsouthernIllinoishas10home-schooledpupils.Thatmaynotsoundlikemuch—exceptthathehasastaffof68andat$4500achildthat’sprobablyateacher’ssalaryFehysays.Withtherightroboticsorartclassthoughhecouldtakethehomeoutofhomeschooling.Thepublicschoolsystemwantstoofferhome-schoolfamiliessomethingbecause______.
Foryearssmokershavebeenexhortedtotaketheinitiativeandquit:useanicotinepatchchewnicotinegumtakeaprescriptionmedicationthatcanhelpcallahelplinejustsayno.Butanewstudyfindsthatstoppingisseldomanindividualdecision.Smokerstendtoquitingroupsthestudyfindswhichmeanssmokingcessationprogramsshouldworkbestiftheyfocusongroupsratherthanindividuals.Italsomeansthatpeoplemayhelpmanymorethanjustthemselvesbyquitting:quittingcanhavearippleeffectpromptinganentiresocialnetworktobreakthehabit.ThestudybyDr.NicholasChristakisofHarvardMedicalSchoolandJamesFowleroftheUniversityofCaliforniaSanDiegofollowedthousandsofsmokersandnonsmokersfor32yearsfrom1971until2003studyingthemaspartofalargenetworkofrelativesco-workersneighborsfriendsandfriendsoffriends.ItwasatimewhenthepercentageofadultsmokersintheUnitedStatesfellto21percentfrom45percent.Astheinvestigatorswatchedthesmokersandtheirsocialnetworkstheysawwhattheysaidwasastrikingeffect—smokershadformedlittlesocialclustersandastheyearswentbyentireclustersofsmokerswerestoppingenmasse.Sowereclustersofclustersthatwereonlylooselyconnected.Dr.Christakisdescribedwatchingthevanishingclustersaslikelyingonyourbackinafieldlookingupatstarsthatwereburningout.It’snotlikeonelittlestarturningoffatatimehesaidWholeconstellationsareblinkingoffatonce.Asclusterafterclusterofsmokersdisappearedthosethatremainedwerepushedtothemarginsofsocietyisolatedwithfewerfriendsfewersocialconnections.SmokersusedtobethecenterofthepartyDr.Fowlersaidbutnowthey’vebecomewallflowers.We’veknownsmokingwasbadforyourphysicalhealthhesaidButthisshowsitalsoisbadforyoursocialhealth.Smokersarelikelytodrivefriendsaway.ThereisanessentialpublichealthmessagesaidRichardSuzmandirectoroftheofficeofbehavioralandsocialresearchattheNationalInstituteonAgingwhichfinancedthestudy.ObviouslypeoplehavetotakeresponsibilityfortheirbehaviorMr.Suzmansaid.Butasocialenvironmentheaddedcanjustoverpowerfreewill.Withsmokingthatcanbeagoodthingresearchersnoted.Buttherealsoisasadside.AsDr.StevenSehroederoftheUniversityofCaliforniaSanFranciscopointedoutinaneditorialaccompanyingthepaperariskofthemarginalizationofsmokingisthatitfurtherisolatesthegroupofpeoplewiththehighestrateofsmoking—personswithmentalillnessproblemswithsubstanceabuseorboth./Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext
FitatAnySize NikkiBlonskyisexactlytherolemodelmostparentsdreamoffortheirkids.She’shappyshe’ssuccessfulshe’sovercomeobstacles—nowonderheryoungfansadoreher.She’salsooverweight—bysomemeasuresveryoverweight—inaculturethatfetishizesthin. 41Blonskyissuchaluckydogbecauseshewouldn’thavebeenapopularfigureshehadbeenbornadecadeearlier. 42Happinessmightbethemostdifficultwordtodefinebutatleastpeopleareincreasinglyawareofthefactthatthebodyshapedoesnotdeterminehappiness. 43Nobodylikestobeover-weightedyetit’snotourrighttomakethedecision. 44Beforeyouletyourkidstoloseweightyoushouldmakesurewhattheyarelosingweightorhealth. 45Iyouonlyfeelhungrythenyoucanfreelyenjoythejoyofeatinganddrinking;howeverifyoubeartheword"weight"inyourmindyoucan’tdothat. Amidallthisback-and-forthhoweverthereisonepointthateveryoneagreeson:exercisedefinitelyimprovesachild’soverallsenseofwell-being.Cooperwhoinventedaerobicsagenerationagohasbeentestingthephysicalfitnessofschoolchildrenoverthepastdecadeandhasconsistentlyfoundthatactivekidsdobetteracademicallyhavefewerdisciplinaryissuesandmaintainbettermedicalhistories."Achilddoesn’tneedtobeastarathleteoratong-distancerunner"Coopersays."Eventakingthestairsinsteadofanelevatorhaspositiveeffects." [A]There’slittledoubtthatbeingobeseputsinactiveyoungstersatahigherriskforseveralhealthconditionsincludingType2diabeteshighbloodpressureandheartdisease.Butalmostnostudieshavebeendoneevaluatingtheprosandconsofkidsbeingfatyetactive.Plusreportsonadultsinsimilarsituationshaveconflicted.Sincethe1970sdoctorsatthenonprofitCooperInstituteinDallashavegathereddatafrommorethan100000patientswhohavebeenweighedmeasuredandmadetorunontreadmillswhiletheirvitalsignsaremonitored."We’velongconcludedthatpeoplewhoareoverweightandactivecanbehealthierthanthosewhoarethinbutsedentary"saysDr.KennethCoopertheinstitute’sdirector."There’snoreasontobelievethatconclusiondoesn’tapplytoourchildrentoo." [B]Behindthepushtogetkidsfitisthegrowingrecognitionthatinmanycasesthere’sjustnofightingthenaturalrhythmsorshapeofachild’sbody.Throughoutchildhoodandadolescencehormonesmaycauseweighttofluctuatedramatically.Plusnaturedetermineswhetherwe’reallgoingtobestockyabeanpoleorsomethinginbetweenbeforewe’reevenborn."Mostbodyweightsandtypesforchildrenandadultsaregeneticallydetermined"saysGlennGaesseraprofessorofexercisephysiologyattheUniversityofVirginia."Therearealotofkidswhoarejustnaturallyheavierthantheirpeersbutmaybeevenhealthier." [C]Difficultasitistohearthatyourchildisoverweightplacingachildonanenforceddietmaydomorelong-termharmthangood.Doctorshaveyettofindaweight-lossprogramthathasproveduniversallyeffectiveandsafeespeciallyforchildren.Moreoftendieterswillloseweightintheshortrunonlytoregainit.Researchsuggeststhattherepeatedlosing-regainingcyclecanleadtolossinbonedensityandleanmusclemassorgansandbonesjeopardizingoverallhealth.Infactatleast15majorstudieshaveshownhigherdeathratesforadultsafterrepeatedlosingregainingweightcycling. [D]Plus-sizecelebritieslikeBlonsky—orforthatmatterherHairsprayco-starsJohnTravoltaalbeitinalatexfatsuitandQueenLatifah—areincreasinglyspreadingthemessagethatslimisnotthelastwordinhappy.Fitmeanshappytoo;sodoesstayingactive;sodoeslovingyourbodynomatteritsshape.Thekeyistogetthatbodyhealthyandkeepitthatway.Thenumbersonthescale—pediatriciansnutritionistsandpsychologistsnowargue—shouldstarttocomesecondtophysicalfitnessasagaugeforhealth. [E]Asmanyas10millionwomenand1millionmenintheU.S.sufferfromaneatingdisorderaccordingtotheNationalEatingDisorderAssociationNEDA.Nearly90%ofthoseafflictedareundertheageof20andfemalesbetweentheagesof15and24are12timesaslikelytodiefromanorexiaasanyoneothercauseofdeath.A2005studypublishedinthejournalPediatricsdeterminedthatof10000teenssurveyedlessthanhalfofthemalesandaboutathirdofthefemaleswerehappywiththeirbodies."Parentsfaceacomplicatedsituation"TimBrownellanexpertfromNEDAsays."Theyhavetopromotehealthyweightbuttheyalsodon’twanttochangechildrenintodiet-crazedfanatics." [F]TherewasatimewhenthatalonewouldhavebeenenoughtokeepBlonskythe19-year-oldstarofthemovieHairsprayoutofthefanmagazinesandoffthepostersdecoratinggrade-schoolers’bedroomwalls.Butthattimemayatlastbeending.Thenationalobesityepidemicdidnothappeninavacuum.Itoccurredinanerainwhichfashionmodelshavegotthinnerandthinnerthetoleranceforevenalittleflabhasgrownlowerandlowerandtheratesofeatingdisorderslikeanorexiahaveclimbedhigherandhigher.Inthatenvironmentchildrenandadolescentstryingtodevelopahealthybodyimagehavealmostnochanceatall. 42
TheBushadministrationisabouttoproposefar-reachingnewrulesthatwouldgivepeoplewithdisabilitiesgreateraccesstotensofthousandsofcourtroomsswimmingpoolsgolfcoursesstadiumstheatershotelsandretailstores.TheproposalwouldsubstantiallyupdateandrewritefederalstandardsforenforcementoftheAmericansWithDisabilitiesActalandmarkcivilrightslawpassedwithstrongbipartisansupportin1990.Thenewruleswouldsetmorestringentrequirementsinmanyareasandaddresssomeissuesforthefirsttimeinanefforttomeettheneedsofanagingpopulationandgrowingnumbersofdisabledwarveterans.Morethansevenmillionbusinessesandallstateandlocalgovernmentagencieswouldbeaffected.Theproposalincludessomeexemptionsforpartsofexistingbuildingsbutanynewconstructionorrenovationswouldhavetocomply.Thenewstandardswouldaffecteverythingfromthelocationoflightswitchestotheheightofretailservicecounterstotheuseofmonkeysasserviceanimalsforpeoplewithdisabilitieswhichwouldbeforbidden’.TheWhiteHouseapprovedtheproposalinMayafterafive-monthreview.ItisscheduledtobepublishedintheFederalRegisteronTuesdaywith60daysforpubliccomment.Afterconsideringthosecommentsthegovernmentwouldissuefinalruleswiththeforceoflaw.Alreadytheproposalisstirringconcern.TheUnitedStatesChamberofCommercesaysitwouldbeonerousandcostlywhileadvocatesfordisabledAmericanssayitdoesnotgofarenough.SincethedisabilitylawwassignedbythefirstPresidentBushadvancesintechnologyhavemadeservicesmoreavailabletopeoplewithdisabilities.ButJusticeDepartmentofficialssaidtheywerestillreceivinglargenumbersofcomplaints.InrecentmonthsthefederalgovernmenthassettledlawsuitssecuringmoreseatsfordisabledfansatMadisonSquareGardeninNewYorkandatthenation’slargestcollegefootballstadiumattheUniversityofMichigan.TheJusticeDepartmentacknowledgedthatsomeofthechangeswouldhavesignificantcosts.Butoverallitsaidthevalueofthepublicbenefitsestimatedat$54billionexceedstheexpectedcostsof$23billion.InaneconomicanalysisoftheproposedrulestheJusticeDepartmentsaidtheneedforanaccessibleenvironmentwasgreaterthaneverbecausetheIraqwarwascreatinganewgenerationofyoungmenandwomenwithdisabilities.JohnL.WodatchchiefofthedisabilityrightssectionoftheJusticeDepartmentsaidDisabilityisinherentinthehumancondition.Thevastmajorityofindividualswhoarefortunateenoughtoreachanadvancedagewillbenefitfromtheproposedrequirements./Whichofthefollowingstatementbestsummarizesthetext
AsPhiladelphiagrewfromasmalltownintoacityinthefirsthalfoftheeighteenthcenturyitbecameanincreasinglyimportantmarketingcenterforavastagriculturalhinterland.Marketdays1thecrowdedcityevenmorecrowdedasfarmersfromwithina2of24ormorekilometersbroughttheirsheepvegetablesciderandotherproductsfordirectsaletothe3.TheHighStreetMarketwascontinuously4throughouttheperioduntil17365it6fromFrontStreettoThird.By1745NewMarketwasopenedonSecondStreet.ThenextyeartheCallowHillMarketbegan7. Alongwithmarketdaysthe8oftwice-yearlyfairspersistedinPhiladelphia9aftersimilartradingdayshadbeendiscontinuedinothercolonialcities.The10providedameansofbringinghandmadegoodsfrom11placestowould-bebuyersinthecity.LinensandstockingsfromGermantown12werepopularitems. Auctionswereanotherpopular13oftrade.Becauseofthecompetitionretail14opposedtheseaswellasthefairs.15governmentalattemptstoeradicatefairsandauctionswerelessthansuccessfultheordinary16ofeconomicdevelopmentwasonthemerchants’sideasincreasingbusinessspecializationbecamethe17oftheday.Exportmerchantsbecamedifferentiatedfromtheirimportingcounterpartsandspecialtyshopsbegantoappear18generalstoressellingavarietyofgoods. OneofthereasonsPhiladelphia’smerchantsprosperedwasbecausethesurroundingareawasundergoingtremendouseconomicanddemographicgrowth.Theydidtheirbusiness19inthecapitalcityoftheprovince20tonotonlythegovernorandhiscirclebutcitizensfromalloverthecolony. Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmark[A][B][C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.8
AsPhiladelphiagrewfromasmalltownintoacityinthefirsthalfoftheeighteenthcenturyitbecameanincreasinglyimportantmarketingcenterforavastagriculturalhinterland.Marketdays1thecrowdedcityevenmorecrowdedasfarmersfromwithina2of24ormorekilometersbroughttheirsheepvegetablesciderandotherproductsfordirectsaletothe3.TheHighStreetMarketwascontinuously4throughouttheperioduntil17365it6fromFrontStreettoThird.By1745NewMarketwasopenedonSecondStreet.ThenextyeartheCallowHillMarketbegan7. Alongwithmarketdaysthe8oftwice-yearlyfairspersistedinPhiladelphia9aftersimilartradingdayshadbeendiscontinuedinothercolonialcities.The10providedameansofbringinghandmadegoodsfrom11placestowould-bebuyersinthecity.LinensandstockingsfromGermantown12werepopularitems. Auctionswereanotherpopular13oftrade.Becauseofthecompetitionretail14opposedtheseaswellasthefairs.15governmentalattemptstoeradicatefairsandauctionswerelessthansuccessfultheordinary16ofeconomicdevelopmentwasonthemerchants’sideasincreasingbusinessspecializationbecamethe17oftheday.Exportmerchantsbecamedifferentiatedfromtheirimportingcounterpartsandspecialtyshopsbegantoappear18generalstoressellingavarietyofgoods. OneofthereasonsPhiladelphia’smerchantsprosperedwasbecausethesurroundingareawasundergoingtremendouseconomicanddemographicgrowth.Theydidtheirbusiness19inthecapitalcityoftheprovince20tonotonlythegovernorandhiscirclebutcitizensfromalloverthecolony. Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmark[A][B][C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.6
[A]Ifyouchooseacareerthatdoesnotfityouyoucanstartover. [B]Careerplanningoverweighsanyotherfactors. [C]Reviewyourplansandprogressperiodicallywithanotherperson. [D]Seriousflawsinthewaysmanypeoplemakecareerdecision. [E]Studyyourself. [F]Setupsomepredictionsaboutyourselfinacareer.[ G]Writeyourcareergoalsdown. Careerplanninghelpsyoutoshapeyourcareerpossibilities.Itdoesnotnecessarilyfollowroutineorlogicalsteps.Eachofusplacesweightondifferentfactorsandmayconsidercertainphasesofcareerplanningatdifferenttimes.Careerplanningincludesgatheringinformationaboutourselvesandaboutoccupationsestimatingtheprobableoutcomesofvariouscoursesofactionandfinallychoosingalternativesthatwefindattractiveandfeasible.Quiteoftencareerplanninghelpspeopletoseethekindsofassistancetheyneedtodowhattheywantandhelpsdirectthemtoavailableresources. 41__________ Thisisthekeytocareerplanning.Understandingwhatyouarelikewhatyouvalueandwhatyouwanttobecomeisthefoundationforallcareerplanning.Tohaveabetterinsightintoyourselfyouaresupposedtoexamineyourstrengthsandweaknessesyourgoalsandthetrendsinyourpersonaldevelopment.Theself-understandingthatyougainenablesyoutoimaginehowcertainoccupationsmaybestfityourpersonalityinterestsabilitiesandgoals.Allcareerdecisionsrequireustolearnbothaboutourselvesandaboutworkandtointegratethesetwokindsofknowledge. 42__________ Atechniqueusefulfororganizingideasaboutyourcareerdevelopmentistoactuallyputthemdownbytimeblocksinyourlifeforexampleagesnineteentotwenty-twotwenty-threetothirty...Thisactionforcesyoutocrystallizeyourthinkingandtoreorganizefuzzyandhalf-formedideas.Itmayleadtonewinsightsaboutyourpossibilitiesandmayhelpyoutoseenewrelationshipspatternsandtrendsortoidentifygapsinyourthinkingaboutyourcareerdevelopment. 43__________ Considerthekindofpersonyouarewhatyou’relikelytobelikewhatchangesarelikelytotakeplaceinanoccupationwhatbasicproblemsyoumightmeetandwhatyouneedtosolveyourproblems.Thesehypothesesoreducatedguessesshouldrepresentyourunderstandingofyourselfatpresentwhatyoucandoandwhatyouwilldo. 44__________ Everysooftentakestockofyoursituationandconsiderwhatstepshavetobetakennext.Takinginventoryofprogressandplanningfurtherstepscanhelpyoucopewiththechangesthatyouundergoandthechangesthattakeplaceinthelabormarket.Talkingoveryourplanswithacollegecounseloryourparentsandyourfriendshelpsyoudefineyourgoalsandimproveyourcareerplanormakethemwork. 45__________ Todaygrowingnumbersofpeoplearechangingcareersorgettingsecondstartincareersthathavegreaterappealtothem.Societynolongerattachesthestigmaof"instability"totheideaofcareerhoppingasitoncedid.Motivesorreasonsforchangingcareervarywidelybutmanypeoplemovebecausetheyfeelstaleorfedupwithagrindingordullroutine.Forsomeasecondstartgrowsoutoftherealizationthatwhattheywantoutoflifeisnotwhattheyaredoingandtheydecidetodothosethingstheyenjoyandbelievetobeimportant.Certainlytimespentinoneoccupationislikelytonarrowtherangeoflateroccupationchoices;veryfewpeoplehavethemotivationandfinancialresourcetostartacompletelynewcareerinmid-life.Mostpeoplemovetorelatedfieldthatinvolvesaminimumofnewtraining. 42
TogethelpInternetaddictstiredoftheirsquare-eyedkeyboardtappingwaysneedlooknofurtherthantheWebforcounseling.Thereisnowanonlinecounselingserviceatwww.relateorg.nzforInternetobsessives.Juste-mailthedetailsofyourInternet-inducedcrisisandhelpcomesdirecttoyourinbox.46Thenewbreedofcybertherapistsseenothingstrangeaboutofferinghelpthroughtheverymediumthatisswallowingtheirclients’freetimeandsplittingtheirmarriages. GettinghookedontheInternetisn’tconfinedtoafewcomputernerds.It’sontheriseeverywhere—andwomenarethemostlikelyaddicts.Theoldstereotypicaladdictwasayoungmanwhospenthoursplayinggamesdownloadingsoftwareorreadingmessagesonnewsgroups.47Yetthenewimageisofayoungwomanwhofrittersawayhourse-mailingfriendsbuyingbooksandCDsonlinetalkinginchatroomsandlookingforinformationfornextyear’sholiday. IngridParkeronceaslavetoInternetchatroomsfoundherexperiencessodevastatingthatshewroteabooktohelpotheraddictsbreakthehabit.48Hercomputerdreamturnedtonightmarewhenshesoldupandmovedtobewithhercyberpalwhohadjustlefthiswifeonlytobetoldaweeklaterthatthecoupleweregettingbacktogether.Theheart-breakingturnofeventsgaveherthemotivationtocontrolheraddiction—andwritethebookCaughtintheWeb. ForIngridParkeranyonewhoismarriedorinasoundrelationshipshouldnotreallybespendinghourstalkingtosomeoneelseandignoringtheirnearestanddearest.49WhileParkerprovidedherowntherapybyputtingherexperiencesdownonpapersherecommendsotherstakeuptheonlinecounselingofferorlogofffromtheWorldwideWebgradually. Shesaid"It’slikesmoking.It’snotagoodideatosuddenlygocoldturkey.PeopleoftenemailmeabouttheproblemandItellthemtograduallyweanthemselvesoffandnottoswitchtoaschemewhereyoupayperhourforonlinetime.50IftheybreaktheirresolutionalltheyendupwiththenisthesameoldproblemplusmoneydifficultiesforthelonghourstheyhavespentloggedintotheInternet." OfcoursetheInternetisdefinitelyaddictivebutifyoucankeepitincontrolithasadvantagestoo.Usingitcanbeasteeplearningcurvesoithelpsyoubecomeveryquickatlearning.AlsothereisahugedemandforpeopleinthefieldofInformationTechnologyITandhoursontheInternetaregreattraining. 48
TheBushadministrationisabouttoproposefar-reachingnewrulesthatwouldgivepeoplewithdisabilitiesgreateraccesstotensofthousandsofcourtroomsswimmingpoolsgolfcoursesstadiumstheatershotelsandretailstores.TheproposalwouldsubstantiallyupdateandrewritefederalstandardsforenforcementoftheAmericansWithDisabilitiesActalandmarkcivilrightslawpassedwithstrongbipartisansupportin1990.Thenewruleswouldsetmorestringentrequirementsinmanyareasandaddresssomeissuesforthefirsttimeinanefforttomeettheneedsofanagingpopulationandgrowingnumbersofdisabledwarveterans.Morethansevenmillionbusinessesandallstateandlocalgovernmentagencieswouldbeaffected.Theproposalincludessomeexemptionsforpartsofexistingbuildingsbutanynewconstructionorrenovationswouldhavetocomply.Thenewstandardswouldaffecteverythingfromthelocationoflightswitchestotheheightofretailservicecounterstotheuseofmonkeysasserviceanimalsforpeoplewithdisabilitieswhichwouldbeforbidden’.TheWhiteHouseapprovedtheproposalinMayafterafive-monthreview.ItisscheduledtobepublishedintheFederalRegisteronTuesdaywith60daysforpubliccomment.Afterconsideringthosecommentsthegovernmentwouldissuefinalruleswiththeforceoflaw.Alreadytheproposalisstirringconcern.TheUnitedStatesChamberofCommercesaysitwouldbeonerousandcostlywhileadvocatesfordisabledAmericanssayitdoesnotgofarenough.SincethedisabilitylawwassignedbythefirstPresidentBushadvancesintechnologyhavemadeservicesmoreavailabletopeoplewithdisabilities.ButJusticeDepartmentofficialssaidtheywerestillreceivinglargenumbersofcomplaints.InrecentmonthsthefederalgovernmenthassettledlawsuitssecuringmoreseatsfordisabledfansatMadisonSquareGardeninNewYorkandatthenation’slargestcollegefootballstadiumattheUniversityofMichigan.TheJusticeDepartmentacknowledgedthatsomeofthechangeswouldhavesignificantcosts.Butoverallitsaidthevalueofthepublicbenefitsestimatedat$54billionexceedstheexpectedcostsof$23billion.InaneconomicanalysisoftheproposedrulestheJusticeDepartmentsaidtheneedforanaccessibleenvironmentwasgreaterthaneverbecausetheIraqwarwascreatinganewgenerationofyoungmenandwomenwithdisabilities.JohnL.WodatchchiefofthedisabilityrightssectionoftheJusticeDepartmentsaidDisabilityisinherentinthehumancondition.Thevastmajorityofindividualswhoarefortunateenoughtoreachanadvancedagewillbenefitfromtheproposedrequirements./WhatdowelearnabouttheBushadministration’sproposalofnewrules
AsPhiladelphiagrewfromasmalltownintoacityinthefirsthalfoftheeighteenthcenturyitbecameanincreasinglyimportantmarketingcenterforavastagriculturalhinterland.Marketdays1thecrowdedcityevenmorecrowdedasfarmersfromwithina2of24ormorekilometersbroughttheirsheepvegetablesciderandotherproductsfordirectsaletothe3.TheHighStreetMarketwascontinuously4throughouttheperioduntil17365it6fromFrontStreettoThird.By1745NewMarketwasopenedonSecondStreet.ThenextyeartheCallowHillMarketbegan7. Alongwithmarketdaysthe8oftwice-yearlyfairspersistedinPhiladelphia9aftersimilartradingdayshadbeendiscontinuedinothercolonialcities.The10providedameansofbringinghandmadegoodsfrom11placestowould-bebuyersinthecity.LinensandstockingsfromGermantown12werepopularitems. Auctionswereanotherpopular13oftrade.Becauseofthecompetitionretail14opposedtheseaswellasthefairs.15governmentalattemptstoeradicatefairsandauctionswerelessthansuccessfultheordinary16ofeconomicdevelopmentwasonthemerchants’sideasincreasingbusinessspecializationbecamethe17oftheday.Exportmerchantsbecamedifferentiatedfromtheirimportingcounterpartsandspecialtyshopsbegantoappear18generalstoressellingavarietyofgoods. OneofthereasonsPhiladelphia’smerchantsprosperedwasbecausethesurroundingareawasundergoingtremendouseconomicanddemographicgrowth.Theydidtheirbusiness19inthecapitalcityoftheprovince20tonotonlythegovernorandhiscirclebutcitizensfromalloverthecolony. Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmark[A][B][C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.4
Foryearssmokershavebeenexhortedtotaketheinitiativeandquit:useanicotinepatchchewnicotinegumtakeaprescriptionmedicationthatcanhelpcallahelplinejustsayno.Butanewstudyfindsthatstoppingisseldomanindividualdecision.Smokerstendtoquitingroupsthestudyfindswhichmeanssmokingcessationprogramsshouldworkbestiftheyfocusongroupsratherthanindividuals.Italsomeansthatpeoplemayhelpmanymorethanjustthemselvesbyquitting:quittingcanhavearippleeffectpromptinganentiresocialnetworktobreakthehabit.ThestudybyDr.NicholasChristakisofHarvardMedicalSchoolandJamesFowleroftheUniversityofCaliforniaSanDiegofollowedthousandsofsmokersandnonsmokersfor32yearsfrom1971until2003studyingthemaspartofalargenetworkofrelativesco-workersneighborsfriendsandfriendsoffriends.ItwasatimewhenthepercentageofadultsmokersintheUnitedStatesfellto21percentfrom45percent.Astheinvestigatorswatchedthesmokersandtheirsocialnetworkstheysawwhattheysaidwasastrikingeffect—smokershadformedlittlesocialclustersandastheyearswentbyentireclustersofsmokerswerestoppingenmasse.Sowereclustersofclustersthatwereonlylooselyconnected.Dr.Christakisdescribedwatchingthevanishingclustersaslikelyingonyourbackinafieldlookingupatstarsthatwereburningout.It’snotlikeonelittlestarturningoffatatimehesaidWholeconstellationsareblinkingoffatonce.Asclusterafterclusterofsmokersdisappearedthosethatremainedwerepushedtothemarginsofsocietyisolatedwithfewerfriendsfewersocialconnections.SmokersusedtobethecenterofthepartyDr.Fowlersaidbutnowthey’vebecomewallflowers.We’veknownsmokingwasbadforyourphysicalhealthhesaidButthisshowsitalsoisbadforyoursocialhealth.Smokersarelikelytodrivefriendsaway.ThereisanessentialpublichealthmessagesaidRichardSuzmandirectoroftheofficeofbehavioralandsocialresearchattheNationalInstituteonAgingwhichfinancedthestudy.ObviouslypeoplehavetotakeresponsibilityfortheirbehaviorMr.Suzmansaid.Butasocialenvironmentheaddedcanjustoverpowerfreewill.Withsmokingthatcanbeagoodthingresearchersnoted.Buttherealsoisasadside.AsDr.StevenSehroederoftheUniversityofCaliforniaSanFranciscopointedoutinaneditorialaccompanyingthepaperariskofthemarginalizationofsmokingisthatitfurtherisolatesthegroupofpeoplewiththehighestrateofsmoking—personswithmentalillnessproblemswithsubstanceabuseorboth./Bysayingbutnowthey’vebecomewallflowersLine3Paragraph4Dr.Fowlerintendstoshowthat______.
TogethelpInternetaddictstiredoftheirsquare-eyedkeyboardtappingwaysneedlooknofurtherthantheWebforcounseling.Thereisnowanonlinecounselingserviceatwww.relateorg.nzforInternetobsessives.Juste-mailthedetailsofyourInternet-inducedcrisisandhelpcomesdirecttoyourinbox.46Thenewbreedofcybertherapistsseenothingstrangeaboutofferinghelpthroughtheverymediumthatisswallowingtheirclients’freetimeandsplittingtheirmarriages. GettinghookedontheInternetisn’tconfinedtoafewcomputernerds.It’sontheriseeverywhere—andwomenarethemostlikelyaddicts.Theoldstereotypicaladdictwasayoungmanwhospenthoursplayinggamesdownloadingsoftwareorreadingmessagesonnewsgroups.47Yetthenewimageisofayoungwomanwhofrittersawayhourse-mailingfriendsbuyingbooksandCDsonlinetalkinginchatroomsandlookingforinformationfornextyear’sholiday. IngridParkeronceaslavetoInternetchatroomsfoundherexperiencessodevastatingthatshewroteabooktohelpotheraddictsbreakthehabit.48Hercomputerdreamturnedtonightmarewhenshesoldupandmovedtobewithhercyberpalwhohadjustlefthiswifeonlytobetoldaweeklaterthatthecoupleweregettingbacktogether.Theheart-breakingturnofeventsgaveherthemotivationtocontrolheraddiction—andwritethebookCaughtintheWeb. ForIngridParkeranyonewhoismarriedorinasoundrelationshipshouldnotreallybespendinghourstalkingtosomeoneelseandignoringtheirnearestanddearest.49WhileParkerprovidedherowntherapybyputtingherexperiencesdownonpapersherecommendsotherstakeuptheonlinecounselingofferorlogofffromtheWorldwideWebgradually. Shesaid"It’slikesmoking.It’snotagoodideatosuddenlygocoldturkey.PeopleoftenemailmeabouttheproblemandItellthemtograduallyweanthemselvesoffandnottoswitchtoaschemewhereyoupayperhourforonlinetime.50IftheybreaktheirresolutionalltheyendupwiththenisthesameoldproblemplusmoneydifficultiesforthelonghourstheyhavespentloggedintotheInternet." OfcoursetheInternetisdefinitelyaddictivebutifyoucankeepitincontrolithasadvantagestoo.Usingitcanbeasteeplearningcurvesoithelpsyoubecomeveryquickatlearning.AlsothereisahugedemandforpeopleinthefieldofInformationTechnologyITandhoursontheInternetaregreattraining. 46
AsPhiladelphiagrewfromasmalltownintoacityinthefirsthalfoftheeighteenthcenturyitbecameanincreasinglyimportantmarketingcenterforavastagriculturalhinterland.Marketdays1thecrowdedcityevenmorecrowdedasfarmersfromwithina2of24ormorekilometersbroughttheirsheepvegetablesciderandotherproductsfordirectsaletothe3.TheHighStreetMarketwascontinuously4throughouttheperioduntil17365it6fromFrontStreettoThird.By1745NewMarketwasopenedonSecondStreet.ThenextyeartheCallowHillMarketbegan7. Alongwithmarketdaysthe8oftwice-yearlyfairspersistedinPhiladelphia9aftersimilartradingdayshadbeendiscontinuedinothercolonialcities.The10providedameansofbringinghandmadegoodsfrom11placestowould-bebuyersinthecity.LinensandstockingsfromGermantown12werepopularitems. Auctionswereanotherpopular13oftrade.Becauseofthecompetitionretail14opposedtheseaswellasthefairs.15governmentalattemptstoeradicatefairsandauctionswerelessthansuccessfultheordinary16ofeconomicdevelopmentwasonthemerchants’sideasincreasingbusinessspecializationbecamethe17oftheday.Exportmerchantsbecamedifferentiatedfromtheirimportingcounterpartsandspecialtyshopsbegantoappear18generalstoressellingavarietyofgoods. OneofthereasonsPhiladelphia’smerchantsprosperedwasbecausethesurroundingareawasundergoingtremendouseconomicanddemographicgrowth.Theydidtheirbusiness19inthecapitalcityoftheprovince20tonotonlythegovernorandhiscirclebutcitizensfromalloverthecolony. Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmark[A][B][C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.18
SuddenlytheeconomicsofAmericansuburbanlifeareunderassaultasskyrocketingenergypricesinflatethecostsofreachingheatingandcoolinghomesonthedistantedgesofmetropolitanareas.JustoffSingingHillsRoadinoneofhundredsoftwo-storyhomesdottingaformercattleranchbeyondthesouthernfringesofDenverPhilBoyleandhisfamilyopenlywonderiftheywillhavetomoveclosetotowntogetsomerelief.TheystillrevelinthespaceandquietthathasdrawnasteadyexodusfromAmericancitiestowardplaceslikethisformorethanhalfacentury.Butlifeontheedgesofsuburbiaisbeginningtofeeluntenable.Mr.Boyleandhiswifemustdrivenearlyanhourtotheirjobsinthehigh-techcorridorofsouthernDenver.Withgasolineatmorethan$4agallonMr.Boylerecentlypaid$121tofillhispickuptruckwithdieselfuel.InMarchthelasttimehefilledhispropanetanktoheathisspacioushousehepaid$566morethantwicethepriceof5yearsago.ThoughMr.Boylefindscitylifeunappealingitisnowupforreconsideration.Livingcloserininasmallerspacewhereyoudon’thavethatcommutehesaidIt’sdefinitelysomethingwetalkabout.Beforeitwas’wespendtoomuchtimedriving.’Nowit’s’wespendtoomuchtimeandmoneydriving.’Acrossthenationtherealizationistakingholdthatrisingenergypricesarelessamomentaryblipthanachangewithlastingconsequences.Theshifttocostlierfuelisthreateningtoslowthedecades-oldmigrationawayfromcitieswhileexacerbatingthe’housingdownturnbydiminishingtheappealoflargerhomessetfarfromurbanjobs.InAtlantaPhiladelphiaSanFranciscoandMinneapolishomesbeyondtheurbancorehavebeenfallinginvaluefasterthanthosewithinaccordingtoananalysisbyMoody’sEconomy.com.InDenverhousingpricesintheurbancorerosesteadilyfrom2003untillatelastyearcomparedwithpreviousyearsbeforedippingnearly5percentinthelastthreemonthsoflastyearaccordingtoEconomy.com.Buthousepricesinthesuburbsbeganfallingearlierinthemiddleof2006andthenaccelerateddroppingby7percentduringthelastthreemonthsoftheyearfromayearearlier.ManyfactorshavepropelledtheunravelingofAmericanrealestatefromthemortgagecrisistoastaggeringexcessofhomeconstruction.Buteconomistsandrealestateagentsaregrowingconvincedthattherisingcostofenergyisnowaprimaryfactorpushinghomepricesdowninthesuburbs.Morethanthree-fourthsofprospectivehomebuyersarenowmoreinclinedtoliveinanurbanareabecauseoffuelpricesaccordingtoarecentsurveyof903realestateagentswithColdwellBankerthenationalbrokeragefirm.ThekeyfactorcontributingtothedownturnofAmericansuburbanrealestateis______.
AsPhiladelphiagrewfromasmalltownintoacityinthefirsthalfoftheeighteenthcenturyitbecameanincreasinglyimportantmarketingcenterforavastagriculturalhinterland.Marketdays1thecrowdedcityevenmorecrowdedasfarmersfromwithina2of24ormorekilometersbroughttheirsheepvegetablesciderandotherproductsfordirectsaletothe3.TheHighStreetMarketwascontinuously4throughouttheperioduntil17365it6fromFrontStreettoThird.By1745NewMarketwasopenedonSecondStreet.ThenextyeartheCallowHillMarketbegan7. Alongwithmarketdaysthe8oftwice-yearlyfairspersistedinPhiladelphia9aftersimilartradingdayshadbeendiscontinuedinothercolonialcities.The10providedameansofbringinghandmadegoodsfrom11placestowould-bebuyersinthecity.LinensandstockingsfromGermantown12werepopularitems. Auctionswereanotherpopular13oftrade.Becauseofthecompetitionretail14opposedtheseaswellasthefairs.15governmentalattemptstoeradicatefairsandauctionswerelessthansuccessfultheordinary16ofeconomicdevelopmentwasonthemerchants’sideasincreasingbusinessspecializationbecamethe17oftheday.Exportmerchantsbecamedifferentiatedfromtheirimportingcounterpartsandspecialtyshopsbegantoappear18generalstoressellingavarietyofgoods. OneofthereasonsPhiladelphia’smerchantsprosperedwasbecausethesurroundingareawasundergoingtremendouseconomicanddemographicgrowth.Theydidtheirbusiness19inthecapitalcityoftheprovince20tonotonlythegovernorandhiscirclebutcitizensfromalloverthecolony. Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmark[A][B][C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.2
[A]Ifyouchooseacareerthatdoesnotfityouyoucanstartover. [B]Careerplanningoverweighsanyotherfactors. [C]Reviewyourplansandprogressperiodicallywithanotherperson. [D]Seriousflawsinthewaysmanypeoplemakecareerdecision. [E]Studyyourself. [F]Setupsomepredictionsaboutyourselfinacareer.[ G]Writeyourcareergoalsdown. Careerplanninghelpsyoutoshapeyourcareerpossibilities.Itdoesnotnecessarilyfollowroutineorlogicalsteps.Eachofusplacesweightondifferentfactorsandmayconsidercertainphasesofcareerplanningatdifferenttimes.Careerplanningincludesgatheringinformationaboutourselvesandaboutoccupationsestimatingtheprobableoutcomesofvariouscoursesofactionandfinallychoosingalternativesthatwefindattractiveandfeasible.Quiteoftencareerplanninghelpspeopletoseethekindsofassistancetheyneedtodowhattheywantandhelpsdirectthemtoavailableresources. 41__________ Thisisthekeytocareerplanning.Understandingwhatyouarelikewhatyouvalueandwhatyouwanttobecomeisthefoundationforallcareerplanning.Tohaveabetterinsightintoyourselfyouaresupposedtoexamineyourstrengthsandweaknessesyourgoalsandthetrendsinyourpersonaldevelopment.Theself-understandingthatyougainenablesyoutoimaginehowcertainoccupationsmaybestfityourpersonalityinterestsabilitiesandgoals.Allcareerdecisionsrequireustolearnbothaboutourselvesandaboutworkandtointegratethesetwokindsofknowledge. 42__________ Atechniqueusefulfororganizingideasaboutyourcareerdevelopmentistoactuallyputthemdownbytimeblocksinyourlifeforexampleagesnineteentotwenty-twotwenty-threetothirty...Thisactionforcesyoutocrystallizeyourthinkingandtoreorganizefuzzyandhalf-formedideas.Itmayleadtonewinsightsaboutyourpossibilitiesandmayhelpyoutoseenewrelationshipspatternsandtrendsortoidentifygapsinyourthinkingaboutyourcareerdevelopment. 43__________ Considerthekindofpersonyouarewhatyou’relikelytobelikewhatchangesarelikelytotakeplaceinanoccupationwhatbasicproblemsyoumightmeetandwhatyouneedtosolveyourproblems.Thesehypothesesoreducatedguessesshouldrepresentyourunderstandingofyourselfatpresentwhatyoucandoandwhatyouwilldo. 44__________ Everysooftentakestockofyoursituationandconsiderwhatstepshavetobetakennext.Takinginventoryofprogressandplanningfurtherstepscanhelpyoucopewiththechangesthatyouundergoandthechangesthattakeplaceinthelabormarket.Talkingoveryourplanswithacollegecounseloryourparentsandyourfriendshelpsyoudefineyourgoalsandimproveyourcareerplanormakethemwork. 45__________ Todaygrowingnumbersofpeoplearechangingcareersorgettingsecondstartincareersthathavegreaterappealtothem.Societynolongerattachesthestigmaof"instability"totheideaofcareerhoppingasitoncedid.Motivesorreasonsforchangingcareervarywidelybutmanypeoplemovebecausetheyfeelstaleorfedupwithagrindingordullroutine.Forsomeasecondstartgrowsoutoftherealizationthatwhattheywantoutoflifeisnotwhattheyaredoingandtheydecidetodothosethingstheyenjoyandbelievetobeimportant.Certainlytimespentinoneoccupationislikelytonarrowtherangeoflateroccupationchoices;veryfewpeoplehavethemotivationandfinancialresourcetostartacompletelynewcareerinmid-life.Mostpeoplemovetorelatedfieldthatinvolvesaminimumofnewtraining. 44
AsPhiladelphiagrewfromasmalltownintoacityinthefirsthalfoftheeighteenthcenturyitbecameanincreasinglyimportantmarketingcenterforavastagriculturalhinterland.Marketdays1thecrowdedcityevenmorecrowdedasfarmersfromwithina2of24ormorekilometersbroughttheirsheepvegetablesciderandotherproductsfordirectsaletothe3.TheHighStreetMarketwascontinuously4throughouttheperioduntil17365it6fromFrontStreettoThird.By1745NewMarketwasopenedonSecondStreet.ThenextyeartheCallowHillMarketbegan7. Alongwithmarketdaysthe8oftwice-yearlyfairspersistedinPhiladelphia9aftersimilartradingdayshadbeendiscontinuedinothercolonialcities.The10providedameansofbringinghandmadegoodsfrom11placestowould-bebuyersinthecity.LinensandstockingsfromGermantown12werepopularitems. Auctionswereanotherpopular13oftrade.Becauseofthecompetitionretail14opposedtheseaswellasthefairs.15governmentalattemptstoeradicatefairsandauctionswerelessthansuccessfultheordinary16ofeconomicdevelopmentwasonthemerchants’sideasincreasingbusinessspecializationbecamethe17oftheday.Exportmerchantsbecamedifferentiatedfromtheirimportingcounterpartsandspecialtyshopsbegantoappear18generalstoressellingavarietyofgoods. OneofthereasonsPhiladelphia’smerchantsprosperedwasbecausethesurroundingareawasundergoingtremendouseconomicanddemographicgrowth.Theydidtheirbusiness19inthecapitalcityoftheprovince20tonotonlythegovernorandhiscirclebutcitizensfromalloverthecolony. Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmark[A][B][C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.20
FitatAnySize NikkiBlonskyisexactlytherolemodelmostparentsdreamoffortheirkids.She’shappyshe’ssuccessfulshe’sovercomeobstacles—nowonderheryoungfansadoreher.She’salsooverweight—bysomemeasuresveryoverweight—inaculturethatfetishizesthin. 41Blonskyissuchaluckydogbecauseshewouldn’thavebeenapopularfigureshehadbeenbornadecadeearlier. 42Happinessmightbethemostdifficultwordtodefinebutatleastpeopleareincreasinglyawareofthefactthatthebodyshapedoesnotdeterminehappiness. 43Nobodylikestobeover-weightedyetit’snotourrighttomakethedecision. 44Beforeyouletyourkidstoloseweightyoushouldmakesurewhattheyarelosingweightorhealth. 45Iyouonlyfeelhungrythenyoucanfreelyenjoythejoyofeatinganddrinking;howeverifyoubeartheword"weight"inyourmindyoucan’tdothat. Amidallthisback-and-forthhoweverthereisonepointthateveryoneagreeson:exercisedefinitelyimprovesachild’soverallsenseofwell-being.Cooperwhoinventedaerobicsagenerationagohasbeentestingthephysicalfitnessofschoolchildrenoverthepastdecadeandhasconsistentlyfoundthatactivekidsdobetteracademicallyhavefewerdisciplinaryissuesandmaintainbettermedicalhistories."Achilddoesn’tneedtobeastarathleteoratong-distancerunner"Coopersays."Eventakingthestairsinsteadofanelevatorhaspositiveeffects." [A]There’slittledoubtthatbeingobeseputsinactiveyoungstersatahigherriskforseveralhealthconditionsincludingType2diabeteshighbloodpressureandheartdisease.Butalmostnostudieshavebeendoneevaluatingtheprosandconsofkidsbeingfatyetactive.Plusreportsonadultsinsimilarsituationshaveconflicted.Sincethe1970sdoctorsatthenonprofitCooperInstituteinDallashavegathereddatafrommorethan100000patientswhohavebeenweighedmeasuredandmadetorunontreadmillswhiletheirvitalsignsaremonitored."We’velongconcludedthatpeoplewhoareoverweightandactivecanbehealthierthanthosewhoarethinbutsedentary"saysDr.KennethCoopertheinstitute’sdirector."There’snoreasontobelievethatconclusiondoesn’tapplytoourchildrentoo." [B]Behindthepushtogetkidsfitisthegrowingrecognitionthatinmanycasesthere’sjustnofightingthenaturalrhythmsorshapeofachild’sbody.Throughoutchildhoodandadolescencehormonesmaycauseweighttofluctuatedramatically.Plusnaturedetermineswhetherwe’reallgoingtobestockyabeanpoleorsomethinginbetweenbeforewe’reevenborn."Mostbodyweightsandtypesforchildrenandadultsaregeneticallydetermined"saysGlennGaesseraprofessorofexercisephysiologyattheUniversityofVirginia."Therearealotofkidswhoarejustnaturallyheavierthantheirpeersbutmaybeevenhealthier." [C]Difficultasitistohearthatyourchildisoverweightplacingachildonanenforceddietmaydomorelong-termharmthangood.Doctorshaveyettofindaweight-lossprogramthathasproveduniversallyeffectiveandsafeespeciallyforchildren.Moreoftendieterswillloseweightintheshortrunonlytoregainit.Researchsuggeststhattherepeatedlosing-regainingcyclecanleadtolossinbonedensityandleanmusclemassorgansandbonesjeopardizingoverallhealth.Infactatleast15majorstudieshaveshownhigherdeathratesforadultsafterrepeatedlosingregainingweightcycling. [D]Plus-sizecelebritieslikeBlonsky—orforthatmatterherHairsprayco-starsJohnTravoltaalbeitinalatexfatsuitandQueenLatifah—areincreasinglyspreadingthemessagethatslimisnotthelastwordinhappy.Fitmeanshappytoo;sodoesstayingactive;sodoeslovingyourbodynomatteritsshape.Thekeyistogetthatbodyhealthyandkeepitthatway.Thenumbersonthescale—pediatriciansnutritionistsandpsychologistsnowargue—shouldstarttocomesecondtophysicalfitnessasagaugeforhealth. [E]Asmanyas10millionwomenand1millionmenintheU.S.sufferfromaneatingdisorderaccordingtotheNationalEatingDisorderAssociationNEDA.Nearly90%ofthoseafflictedareundertheageof20andfemalesbetweentheagesof15and24are12timesaslikelytodiefromanorexiaasanyoneothercauseofdeath.A2005studypublishedinthejournalPediatricsdeterminedthatof10000teenssurveyedlessthanhalfofthemalesandaboutathirdofthefemaleswerehappywiththeirbodies."Parentsfaceacomplicatedsituation"TimBrownellanexpertfromNEDAsays."Theyhavetopromotehealthyweightbuttheyalsodon’twanttochangechildrenintodiet-crazedfanatics." [F]TherewasatimewhenthatalonewouldhavebeenenoughtokeepBlonskythe19-year-oldstarofthemovieHairsprayoutofthefanmagazinesandoffthepostersdecoratinggrade-schoolers’bedroomwalls.Butthattimemayatlastbeending.Thenationalobesityepidemicdidnothappeninavacuum.Itoccurredinanerainwhichfashionmodelshavegotthinnerandthinnerthetoleranceforevenalittleflabhasgrownlowerandlowerandtheratesofeatingdisorderslikeanorexiahaveclimbedhigherandhigher.Inthatenvironmentchildrenandadolescentstryingtodevelopahealthybodyimagehavealmostnochanceatall. 44
TheBushadministrationisabouttoproposefar-reachingnewrulesthatwouldgivepeoplewithdisabilitiesgreateraccesstotensofthousandsofcourtroomsswimmingpoolsgolfcoursesstadiumstheatershotelsandretailstores.TheproposalwouldsubstantiallyupdateandrewritefederalstandardsforenforcementoftheAmericansWithDisabilitiesActalandmarkcivilrightslawpassedwithstrongbipartisansupportin1990.Thenewruleswouldsetmorestringentrequirementsinmanyareasandaddresssomeissuesforthefirsttimeinanefforttomeettheneedsofanagingpopulationandgrowingnumbersofdisabledwarveterans.Morethansevenmillionbusinessesandallstateandlocalgovernmentagencieswouldbeaffected.Theproposalincludessomeexemptionsforpartsofexistingbuildingsbutanynewconstructionorrenovationswouldhavetocomply.Thenewstandardswouldaffecteverythingfromthelocationoflightswitchestotheheightofretailservicecounterstotheuseofmonkeysasserviceanimalsforpeoplewithdisabilitieswhichwouldbeforbidden’.TheWhiteHouseapprovedtheproposalinMayafterafive-monthreview.ItisscheduledtobepublishedintheFederalRegisteronTuesdaywith60daysforpubliccomment.Afterconsideringthosecommentsthegovernmentwouldissuefinalruleswiththeforceoflaw.Alreadytheproposalisstirringconcern.TheUnitedStatesChamberofCommercesaysitwouldbeonerousandcostlywhileadvocatesfordisabledAmericanssayitdoesnotgofarenough.SincethedisabilitylawwassignedbythefirstPresidentBushadvancesintechnologyhavemadeservicesmoreavailabletopeoplewithdisabilities.ButJusticeDepartmentofficialssaidtheywerestillreceivinglargenumbersofcomplaints.InrecentmonthsthefederalgovernmenthassettledlawsuitssecuringmoreseatsfordisabledfansatMadisonSquareGardeninNewYorkandatthenation’slargestcollegefootballstadiumattheUniversityofMichigan.TheJusticeDepartmentacknowledgedthatsomeofthechangeswouldhavesignificantcosts.Butoverallitsaidthevalueofthepublicbenefitsestimatedat$54billionexceedstheexpectedcostsof$23billion.InaneconomicanalysisoftheproposedrulestheJusticeDepartmentsaidtheneedforanaccessibleenvironmentwasgreaterthaneverbecausetheIraqwarwascreatinganewgenerationofyoungmenandwomenwithdisabilities.JohnL.WodatchchiefofthedisabilityrightssectionoftheJusticeDepartmentsaidDisabilityisinherentinthehumancondition.Thevastmajorityofindividualswhoarefortunateenoughtoreachanadvancedagewillbenefitfromtheproposedrequirements./ThecaseofsecuringmoreseatsfordisabledfansismentionedinParagraph4to______.
AsPhiladelphiagrewfromasmalltownintoacityinthefirsthalfoftheeighteenthcenturyitbecameanincreasinglyimportantmarketingcenterforavastagriculturalhinterland.Marketdays1thecrowdedcityevenmorecrowdedasfarmersfromwithina2of24ormorekilometersbroughttheirsheepvegetablesciderandotherproductsfordirectsaletothe3.TheHighStreetMarketwascontinuously4throughouttheperioduntil17365it6fromFrontStreettoThird.By1745NewMarketwasopenedonSecondStreet.ThenextyeartheCallowHillMarketbegan7. Alongwithmarketdaysthe8oftwice-yearlyfairspersistedinPhiladelphia9aftersimilartradingdayshadbeendiscontinuedinothercolonialcities.The10providedameansofbringinghandmadegoodsfrom11placestowould-bebuyersinthecity.LinensandstockingsfromGermantown12werepopularitems. Auctionswereanotherpopular13oftrade.Becauseofthecompetitionretail14opposedtheseaswellasthefairs.15governmentalattemptstoeradicatefairsandauctionswerelessthansuccessfultheordinary16ofeconomicdevelopmentwasonthemerchants’sideasincreasingbusinessspecializationbecamethe17oftheday.Exportmerchantsbecamedifferentiatedfromtheirimportingcounterpartsandspecialtyshopsbegantoappear18generalstoressellingavarietyofgoods. OneofthereasonsPhiladelphia’smerchantsprosperedwasbecausethesurroundingareawasundergoingtremendouseconomicanddemographicgrowth.Theydidtheirbusiness19inthecapitalcityoftheprovince20tonotonlythegovernorandhiscirclebutcitizensfromalloverthecolony. Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmark[A][B][C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.10
GeneralWesleyClarkrecentlydiscoveredaholeinhispersonalsecurity—hiscellphone.AresourcefulbloggerhopingtocallattentiontotheblackmarketinphonerecordsmadehisprivacyrightsexperimentonthegeneralinJanuary.For$89.95hepurchasednoquestionsaskedtherecordsof100cell-phonecallsthatClarkhadmade.HerevealedthetricktoClarksoonafter.It’slikesomeonetakingyourwalletorknowingwhopaidyoumoneyClarksays.It’snogreatdiscoverybutitjustdoesn’tfeelright.SincethenClarkhasbecomeavocalsupporterofthemovementtooutlawthesaleofcell-phonerecordstothirdparties.TheU.S.’sembraceofmobilephones—about65%ofthepopulationaresubscribers—hasfaroutpacedeffortstokeepwhatwedowiththemprivate.Thathasclearedthewayforacottageindustrydevotedtoexploitingphonenumberscallingrecordsandeventhelocationsofunsuspectingsubscribersforprofit.Asecondbusinesssegmentisdevelopingapplicationslikeanonymoustrafficmonitoringandemployeetracking.Mostmobilephonesarepowerfultrackingdeviceswithglobal-positioningsystemsGPSinside.CompanieslikeXoracombineGPSdatawithinformationaboutuserstocreatepracticalapplications.Onesimilartechnologyallowsrental-carcompaniestotracktheircarswithGPS.Californiaimposedrestrictionsonthepracticelastyearafteracompanyfinedacustomer$3000forcrossingintoNevadaviolatingtherentalcontract.Otherapplicationshavenotyetbeenchallenged.Forabout$26amonthperemployeeabosscansetupageofencetotrackhowworkersusecompany-issuedcellphonesoreveniftheygohomeearly.About1000employersusetheservicedevelopedbyXorawithSprint-Nextel.Thecompaniessellingthoseservicesinsistthattheycareaboutprivacy.AirSageforexamplegetsdatafromwirelesscarrierstomonitordrivers’cell-phonesignalsandmapthemoverroadgrids.Thatletsitseeexactlywheregridlockisformingandquicklyalertdriverstodelaysandalternativeroutes.Thedataitgetsfromwirelesscarriercompaniesareaggregatedfrommanyusersandscrambledsonoonecantrackanindividualphone.NoofficialcanusethedatatogivesomeoneaspeedingticketsaysCySmithCEOofAirSage.Privacyadvocatessaythatevenwiththosesafeguardsconsumersshouldhaveachoiceabouthowtheirinformationisused.Someresponsibilityofcourserestswiththeindividual.SincehisdatawererevealedClarktookhismobilenumberoffhisbusinesscards.Wirelesscarriersalsorecommendthatcustomersavoidgivingouttheirmobilenumbersonline.ButClarkinsiststhatthelawshouldchangetoprotectourprivacynomatterhowmuchtechnologyallowsustoconnect.Onethingwevalueinthiscountryhesaysisthefreedomtobeleftalone./WhatdoesCySmithmeanbyreferringtospeedingtickets
AsPhiladelphiagrewfromasmalltownintoacityinthefirsthalfoftheeighteenthcenturyitbecameanincreasinglyimportantmarketingcenterforavastagriculturalhinterland.Marketdays1thecrowdedcityevenmorecrowdedasfarmersfromwithina2of24ormorekilometersbroughttheirsheepvegetablesciderandotherproductsfordirectsaletothe3.TheHighStreetMarketwascontinuously4throughouttheperioduntil17365it6fromFrontStreettoThird.By1745NewMarketwasopenedonSecondStreet.ThenextyeartheCallowHillMarketbegan7. Alongwithmarketdaysthe8oftwice-yearlyfairspersistedinPhiladelphia9aftersimilartradingdayshadbeendiscontinuedinothercolonialcities.The10providedameansofbringinghandmadegoodsfrom11placestowould-bebuyersinthecity.LinensandstockingsfromGermantown12werepopularitems. Auctionswereanotherpopular13oftrade.Becauseofthecompetitionretail14opposedtheseaswellasthefairs.15governmentalattemptstoeradicatefairsandauctionswerelessthansuccessfultheordinary16ofeconomicdevelopmentwasonthemerchants’sideasincreasingbusinessspecializationbecamethe17oftheday.Exportmerchantsbecamedifferentiatedfromtheirimportingcounterpartsandspecialtyshopsbegantoappear18generalstoressellingavarietyofgoods. OneofthereasonsPhiladelphia’smerchantsprosperedwasbecausethesurroundingareawasundergoingtremendouseconomicanddemographicgrowth.Theydidtheirbusiness19inthecapitalcityoftheprovince20tonotonlythegovernorandhiscirclebutcitizensfromalloverthecolony. Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmark[A][B][C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.12
GeneralWesleyClarkrecentlydiscoveredaholeinhispersonalsecurity—hiscellphone.AresourcefulbloggerhopingtocallattentiontotheblackmarketinphonerecordsmadehisprivacyrightsexperimentonthegeneralinJanuary.For$89.95hepurchasednoquestionsaskedtherecordsof100cell-phonecallsthatClarkhadmade.HerevealedthetricktoClarksoonafter.It’slikesomeonetakingyourwalletorknowingwhopaidyoumoneyClarksays.It’snogreatdiscoverybutitjustdoesn’tfeelright.SincethenClarkhasbecomeavocalsupporterofthemovementtooutlawthesaleofcell-phonerecordstothirdparties.TheU.S.’sembraceofmobilephones—about65%ofthepopulationaresubscribers—hasfaroutpacedeffortstokeepwhatwedowiththemprivate.Thathasclearedthewayforacottageindustrydevotedtoexploitingphonenumberscallingrecordsandeventhelocationsofunsuspectingsubscribersforprofit.Asecondbusinesssegmentisdevelopingapplicationslikeanonymoustrafficmonitoringandemployeetracking.Mostmobilephonesarepowerfultrackingdeviceswithglobal-positioningsystemsGPSinside.CompanieslikeXoracombineGPSdatawithinformationaboutuserstocreatepracticalapplications.Onesimilartechnologyallowsrental-carcompaniestotracktheircarswithGPS.Californiaimposedrestrictionsonthepracticelastyearafteracompanyfinedacustomer$3000forcrossingintoNevadaviolatingtherentalcontract.Otherapplicationshavenotyetbeenchallenged.Forabout$26amonthperemployeeabosscansetupageofencetotrackhowworkersusecompany-issuedcellphonesoreveniftheygohomeearly.About1000employersusetheservicedevelopedbyXorawithSprint-Nextel.Thecompaniessellingthoseservicesinsistthattheycareaboutprivacy.AirSageforexamplegetsdatafromwirelesscarrierstomonitordrivers’cell-phonesignalsandmapthemoverroadgrids.Thatletsitseeexactlywheregridlockisformingandquicklyalertdriverstodelaysandalternativeroutes.Thedataitgetsfromwirelesscarriercompaniesareaggregatedfrommanyusersandscrambledsonoonecantrackanindividualphone.NoofficialcanusethedatatogivesomeoneaspeedingticketsaysCySmithCEOofAirSage.Privacyadvocatessaythatevenwiththosesafeguardsconsumersshouldhaveachoiceabouthowtheirinformationisused.Someresponsibilityofcourserestswiththeindividual.SincehisdatawererevealedClarktookhismobilenumberoffhisbusinesscards.Wirelesscarriersalsorecommendthatcustomersavoidgivingouttheirmobilenumbersonline.ButClarkinsiststhatthelawshouldchangetoprotectourprivacynomatterhowmuchtechnologyallowsustoconnect.Onethingwevalueinthiscountryhesaysisthefreedomtobeleftalone./Whichofthefollowingproverbsisclosesttothemessagethetexttriestoconvey
AsPhiladelphiagrewfromasmalltownintoacityinthefirsthalfoftheeighteenthcenturyitbecameanincreasinglyimportantmarketingcenterforavastagriculturalhinterland.Marketdays1thecrowdedcityevenmorecrowdedasfarmersfromwithina2of24ormorekilometersbroughttheirsheepvegetablesciderandotherproductsfordirectsaletothe3.TheHighStreetMarketwascontinuously4throughouttheperioduntil17365it6fromFrontStreettoThird.By1745NewMarketwasopenedonSecondStreet.ThenextyeartheCallowHillMarketbegan7. Alongwithmarketdaysthe8oftwice-yearlyfairspersistedinPhiladelphia9aftersimilartradingdayshadbeendiscontinuedinothercolonialcities.The10providedameansofbringinghandmadegoodsfrom11placestowould-bebuyersinthecity.LinensandstockingsfromGermantown12werepopularitems. Auctionswereanotherpopular13oftrade.Becauseofthecompetitionretail14opposedtheseaswellasthefairs.15governmentalattemptstoeradicatefairsandauctionswerelessthansuccessfultheordinary16ofeconomicdevelopmentwasonthemerchants’sideasincreasingbusinessspecializationbecamethe17oftheday.Exportmerchantsbecamedifferentiatedfromtheirimportingcounterpartsandspecialtyshopsbegantoappear18generalstoressellingavarietyofgoods. OneofthereasonsPhiladelphia’smerchantsprosperedwasbecausethesurroundingareawasundergoingtremendouseconomicanddemographicgrowth.Theydidtheirbusiness19inthecapitalcityoftheprovince20tonotonlythegovernorandhiscirclebutcitizensfromalloverthecolony. Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmark[A][B][C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.14
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