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下列激素中，哪一个不是腺垂体合成和分泌的
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下列激素中哪项不是由腺垂体合成和分泌的______
生长素
催乳素
缩宫素(催产素)
黄体生成素
卵泡刺激素
下列激素中哪一个不是由腺垂体合成和分泌的
生长素
催乳素
催产素
黄体生成素
卵泡刺激素
下列激素中哪一个不是腺垂体合成和分泌的
生长素
催乳素
催产素
黄体生成素
下列激素中哪一个不是由腺垂体合成和分泌的
生长素
催乳素
缩宫素
黄体生成素
卵泡刺激素
下列哪一种激素不是在腺垂体合成
促甲状腺激素
促肾上腺激素
促性腺激素
抗利尿激素
泌乳素
下列激素中哪一个不是由腺垂体合成和分泌的
生长素
催乳素
催产素
黄体生成素
卵泡刺激素
下列哪项不是引起生长激素缺乏症的常见原因
腺垂体合成和分泌GH部分缺乏
腺垂体合成和分泌GH完全缺乏
GH结构异常
GH受体缺陷
染色体异常
关于生长激素缺乏症GHD的病因下列错误的是
腺垂体合成和分泌生长激素（GH）部分缺乏
腺垂体合成和分泌生长激素（GH）完全缺乏
GH结构异常
GH受体缺陷
同时伴有甲状腺机能低下
下述激素中哪一个不是腺垂体合成和分泌的
生长素
催乳素
缩宫素
黄体生成素
腺垂体合成和分泌哪些激素
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Inrecentyearsrailroadshavebeencombiningwitheachothermergingintosupersystemscausingheightenedconcernsaboutmonopoly.Asrecentlyas1995thetopfourrailroadsaccountedforunder70percentofthetotalton-milesmovedbyrails.Nextyearafteraseriesofmergersiscompletedjustfourrailroadswillcontrolwellover90percentofallthefreightmovedbymajorrailcarriers. Supportersofthenewsupersystemsarguethatthesemergerswillallowforsubstantialcostreductionsandbettercoordinatedservice.Anythreatofmonopolytheyargueisremovedbyfiercecompetitionfromtrucks.Butmanyshipperscomplainthatforheavybulkcommoditiestravelinglongdistancessuchascoalchemicalsandgraintruckingistoocostlyandtherailroadsthereforehavethembythethroat. Thevastconsolidationwithintherailindustrymeansthatmostshippersareservedbyonlyonerailcompany.Railroadstypicallychargesuchcaptiveshippers20to30percentmorethantheydowhenanotherrailroadiscompetingforthebusiness.Shipperswhofeeltheyarebeingoverchargedhavetherighttoappealtothefederalgovernment’’sSurfaceTransportationBoardforratereliefbuttheprocessisexpensivetimeconsumingandwillworkonlyintrulyextremecases. Railroadsjustifyratediscriminationagainstcaptiveshippersonthegroundsthatinthelongrunitreduceseveryone’’scost.Ifrailroadschargedallcustomersthesameaverageratetheyargueshipperswhohavetheoptionofswitchingtotrucksorotherformsoftransportationwoulddosoleavingremainingcustomerstoshoulderthecostofkeepinguptheline.It’’satheorytowhichmanyeconomistssubscribebutinpracticeitoftenleavesrailroadsinthepositionofdeterminingwhichcompanieswillflourishandwhichwillfail.DowereallywantrailroadstobethearbitersofwhowinsandwholosesinthemarketplaceasksMartinBercoviciaWashingtonlawyerwhofrequentlyrepresentsshippers. Manycaptiveshippersalsoworrytheywillsoonbehitwitharoundofhugerateincreases.Therailroadindustryasawholedespiteitsbrighteningfortunesstilldoesnotearnenoughtocoverthecostofthecapitalitmustinvesttokeepupwithitssurgingtraffic.YetrailroadscontinuetoborrowbillionstoacquireoneanotherwithWallStreetcheeringthemon.Considerthe$10.2billionbidbyNorfolkSouthernandCSXtoacquireConrailthisyear.Conrail’’snetrailwayoperatingincomein1996wasjust$427millionlessthanhalfofthecarryingcostsofthetransaction.Who’’sgoingtopayfortherestofthebillManycaptiveshippersfearthattheywillasNorfolkSouthernandCSXincreasetheirgriponthemarket. Itcanbeinferredfromparagraph3that
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Ifafarmerwishestosucceedhemusttrytokeepawidegapbetweenhisconsumptionandhisproduction.Hemuststorealargequantityofgrain________consumingallhisgrainimmediately.Hecancontinuetosupporthimselfandhisfamily________heproducesasurplus.Hemustusethissurplusinthreeways:asseedforsowingasaninsurance________theunpredictableeffectsofbadweatherandasacommoditywhichhemustsellinorderto________oldagriculturalimplementsandobtainchemicalfertilizersto______thesoil.Hemayalsoneedmoneytoconstructirrigation______andimprovehisfarminotherways.Ifnosurplusisavailableafarmercannotbe______.Hemusteithersellsomeofhispropertyor________extrafundsintheformofloans.Naturallyhewilltrytoborrowmoneyatalow________ofinterestbutloansofthiskindarenot________obtainable.
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“所谓目的就是我们在特定情境下有所行动能够预见不同行动所产生的不同结果并利用预料的事情指导观察和实验所以一个真正的目的和从外面强加给活动过程的目的是固定的呆板的这种目的不能在特定情境下激发智慧不过是从外面发出的做这样那样事情的命令这种目的并不直接和现在的活动发生联系它是遥远的和用以达到目的的于段没有关系这种目的不能启发一个更自由更平衡的活动反而阻碍活动的进行在教育上由于这些从外面强加的目的的流行才强调为遥远的将来做准备的教育观点使教师和学生的工作都变成机械的奴隶性的工作” “当青少年逐渐参与他们所属的各种群体的活动时他们的倾向不知不觉地得到更为深刻和更为密切的教育陶冶但是随着社会变得日益复杂就有必要提供一个特殊的社会环境特别关心培养未成年人的能力这个特殊的社会环境有三个比较重要的功能一是简化和安排所要发展的倾向的许多因素二是净化现有的社会习惯并使其观念化三是创造一个更加广阔和更加平衡的环境使青少年不受原来环境的限制” 问题请根据上述材料分析杜威对教育目的的看法
Forthreedecadeswe’’veheardendlesslyaboutthevirtuesofaerobicincreasingoxygenconsumptionexercise.MedicalauthoritieshavepraisedrunningandjumpingasthekeytogoodhealthandmillionsofAmericanshavetakentothetreadmill踏车toreaptherewards.Butthestoryischanging.EveryonefromtheAmericanHeartAssociationtothesurgeongeneral’’sofficehasrecentlyembracedstrengthtrainingasacomplementtoaerobics.AndasweightliftinghasgonemainstreamsohastheonceobscurepracticeknownasSuperSlowtraining.Enthusiastsclaimthatbypumpingironatasnail’’space-makingeachreprepeatlast14secondsinsteadoftheusualseven-youcansafelyplaceextraordinarydemandsonyourmusclesandcallforthanextraordinaryresponse.Slowliftingmaynotbetheonlyexerciseyouneedassomeadvocatesbelievebutthebenefitsareoftendramatic. Almostanyonecanhandlethisroutine.Theonlyrequirementsarecompletefocusandatolerancefordeepmuscularburn.Foxeachexercise-legpressbenchpressshoulderpressandsoon-yousetthemachinetoprovideonlymoderateresistance.Butasyoudrawouteachrepdeprivingyourselfofimpetustheweightsoonfeelsunbearable.Defyingtheimpulsetostopyoukeepgoinguntilyoucan’’tcompletearep.Thenyousustainyourvaineffortfor10moresecondswhiletheweightsinksgraduallytowarditscradle.IntenseUncomfortableTotally.Butonceyouembracemusclefailureasthegoaloftheworkoutitcanbecomealmostpleasure. Thegoalisnottoburncalorieswhileyou’’reexercisingbuttomakeyourbodyburnthemallthetime.Runningafewmilesmanymakeyousweatbutitexpendsonly100caloriespermileanditdoesn’’tstimulatemuchboneormuscledevelopment.Strengthtrainingdoesn’’tburnmanycalorieseither.Butwhenyoupushamuscletofailureyousetoffapourofphysiologicalchanges.Asthemusclerecoversoverseveraldaysitwillthicken-andthenewmuscletissuewilldemandsustenance.Bythetimeyouaddthreepoundsofmuscleyourbodyrequiresanextra9000caloriesamonthjusttobreakeven.Holdyourdietsteadyandveryquicklyyouarevaporizingbodyfat. Onemighthavebenefitedfromanystrength-trainingprogram.Butadvocatesinsisttheslowtechniqueissaferandmoreeffectivethantraditionalmethods. AccordingtotheauthorSuperSlowtraining
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Americanstodaydon’’tplaceaveryhighvalueonintellect.Ourheroesareathletesentertainersandentrepreneursnotscholars.Evenourschoolsarewherewesendourchildrentogetapracticaleducation―nottopursueknowledgeforthesakeofknowledge.Symptomsofpervasiveanti-intellectualisminourschoolsaren’’tdifficulttofind. SchoolshavealwaysbeeninasocietywherepracticalismoreimportantthanintellectualsayseducationwriterDianeRavitch.Schoolscouldbeacounterbalance.Ravitch’’slatestbookLeftBack:ACenturyofFailedSchoolReformstracestherootsofanti-intellectualisminourschoolsconcludingtheyareanythingbutacounterbalancetotheAmericandistasteforintellectualpursuits. Buttheycouldandshouldbe.Encouragingkidstorejectthelifeofthemindleavesthemvulnerabletoexploitationandcontrol.Withouttheabilitytothinkcriticallytodefendtheirideasandunderstandtheideasofotherstheycannotfullyparticipateinourdemocracy.ContinuingalongthispathsayswriterEarlShorrisWewillbecomeasecond-ratecountry.Wewillhavealesscivilsociety. IntellectisresentedasaformofpowerorprivilegewriteshistorianandprofessorRichardHofstadterinAnti-IntellectualisminAmericanLifeaPulitzer-Prizewinningbookontherootsofanti-intellectualisminUSpoliticsreligionandeducation.FromthebeginningofourhistorysaysHofstadterourdemocraticandpopulisturgeshavedrivenustorejectanythingthatsmellsofelitism.Practicalitycommonsenseandnativeintelligencehavebeenconsideredmorenoblequalitiesthananythingyoucouldlearnfromabook. RalphWaldoEmersonandotherTranscendentalistphilosophersthoughtschoolingandrigorousbooklearningputunnaturalrestraintsonchildren:WeareshutupinschoolsandcollegerecitationroomsforI0or15yearsandcomeoutatlastwithabellyfulofwordsanddonotknowathing.MarkTwain’’sHuckleberryFinnexemplifiedAmericananti-intellectualism.Itsheroavoidsbeingcivilized―goingtoschoolandlearningtoread―sohecanpreservehisinnategoodness. IntellectaccordingtoHofstadterisdifferentfromnativeintelligenceaqualitywereluctantlyadmire.Intellectisthecriticalcreativeandcontemplativesideofthemind.Intelligenceseekstograspmanipulatere-orderandadjustwhileintellectexaminesponderswonderstheorizescriticizesandimagines. Schoolremainsaplacewhereintellectismistrusted.Hofstadtersaysourcountry’’seducationalsystemisinthegripsofpeoplewhojoyfullyandmilitantlyproclaimtheirhostilitytointellectandtheireagernesstoidentifywithchildrenwhoshowtheleastintellectualpromise. .WecanlearnfromthetextthatAmericanshaveahistoryof
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Ifafarmerwishestosucceedhemusttrytokeepawidegapbetweenhisconsumptionandhisproduction.Hemuststorealargequantityofgrain________consumingallhisgrainimmediately.Hecancontinuetosupporthimselfandhisfamily________heproducesasurplus.Hemustusethissurplusinthreeways:asseedforsowingasaninsurance________theunpredictableeffectsofbadweatherandasacommoditywhichhemustsellinorderto________oldagriculturalimplementsandobtainchemicalfertilizersto______thesoil.Hemayalsoneedmoneytoconstructirrigation______andimprovehisfarminotherways.Ifnosurplusisavailableafarmercannotbe______.Hemusteithersellsomeofhispropertyor________extrafundsintheformofloans.Naturallyhewilltrytoborrowmoneyatalow________ofinterestbutloansofthiskindarenot________obtainable.
Americanstodaydon’’tplaceaveryhighvalueonintellect.Ourheroesareathletesentertainersandentrepreneursnotscholars.Evenourschoolsarewherewesendourchildrentogetapracticaleducation―nottopursueknowledgeforthesakeofknowledge.Symptomsofpervasiveanti-intellectualisminourschoolsaren’’tdifficulttofind. SchoolshavealwaysbeeninasocietywherepracticalismoreimportantthanintellectualsayseducationwriterDianeRavitch.Schoolscouldbeacounterbalance.Ravitch’’slatestbookLeftBack:ACenturyofFailedSchoolReformstracestherootsofanti-intellectualisminourschoolsconcludingtheyareanythingbutacounterbalancetotheAmericandistasteforintellectualpursuits. Buttheycouldandshouldbe.Encouragingkidstorejectthelifeofthemindleavesthemvulnerabletoexploitationandcontrol.Withouttheabilitytothinkcriticallytodefendtheirideasandunderstandtheideasofotherstheycannotfullyparticipateinourdemocracy.ContinuingalongthispathsayswriterEarlShorrisWewillbecomeasecond-ratecountry.Wewillhavealesscivilsociety. IntellectisresentedasaformofpowerorprivilegewriteshistorianandprofessorRichardHofstadterinAnti-IntellectualisminAmericanLifeaPulitzer-Prizewinningbookontherootsofanti-intellectualisminUSpoliticsreligionandeducation.FromthebeginningofourhistorysaysHofstadterourdemocraticandpopulisturgeshavedrivenustorejectanythingthatsmellsofelitism.Practicalitycommonsenseandnativeintelligencehavebeenconsideredmorenoblequalitiesthananythingyoucouldlearnfromabook. RalphWaldoEmersonandotherTranscendentalistphilosophersthoughtschoolingandrigorousbooklearningputunnaturalrestraintsonchildren:WeareshutupinschoolsandcollegerecitationroomsforI0or15yearsandcomeoutatlastwithabellyfulofwordsanddonotknowathing.MarkTwain’’sHuckleberryFinnexemplifiedAmericananti-intellectualism.Itsheroavoidsbeingcivilized―goingtoschoolandlearningtoread―sohecanpreservehisinnategoodness. IntellectaccordingtoHofstadterisdifferentfromnativeintelligenceaqualitywereluctantlyadmire.Intellectisthecriticalcreativeandcontemplativesideofthemind.Intelligenceseekstograspmanipulatere-orderandadjustwhileintellectexaminesponderswonderstheorizescriticizesandimagines. Schoolremainsaplacewhereintellectismistrusted.Hofstadtersaysourcountry’’seducationalsystemisinthegripsofpeoplewhojoyfullyandmilitantlyproclaimtheirhostilitytointellectandtheireagernesstoidentifywithchildrenwhoshowtheleastintellectualpromise. Emersonaccordingtothetextisprobably
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教育决定个人的发展
Ifafarmerwishestosucceedhemusttrytokeepawidegapbetweenhisconsumptionandhisproduction.Hemuststorealargequantityofgrain________consumingallhisgrainimmediately.Hecancontinuetosupporthimselfandhisfamily________heproducesasurplus.Hemustusethissurplusinthreeways:asseedforsowingasaninsurance________theunpredictableeffectsofbadweatherandasacommoditywhichhemustsellinorderto________oldagriculturalimplementsandobtainchemicalfertilizersto______thesoil.Hemayalsoneedmoneytoconstructirrigation______andimprovehisfarminotherways.Ifnosurplusisavailableafarmercannotbe______.Hemusteithersellsomeofhispropertyor________extrafundsintheformofloans.Naturallyhewilltrytoborrowmoneyatalow________ofinterestbutloansofthiskindarenot________obtainable.
YouareacollegegraduateinLaw.Writealettertoalawofficetoapplyforapositionwhichshouldinclude: 1thepositionofyourapplication 2thereasonofyourinterestinthejob 3yourrelatedknowledgeskillsandexperience. Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.Donotsignyournameattheendoftheletter.UseLiMinginstead.Youdonotneedtowritetheaddress.10points
Ifafarmerwishestosucceedhemusttrytokeepawidegapbetweenhisconsumptionandhisproduction.Hemuststorealargequantityofgrain________consumingallhisgrainimmediately.Hecancontinuetosupporthimselfandhisfamily________heproducesasurplus.Hemustusethissurplusinthreeways:asseedforsowingasaninsurance________theunpredictableeffectsofbadweatherandasacommoditywhichhemustsellinorderto________oldagriculturalimplementsandobtainchemicalfertilizersto______thesoil.Hemayalsoneedmoneytoconstructirrigation______andimprovehisfarminotherways.Ifnosurplusisavailableafarmercannotbe______.Hemusteithersellsomeofhispropertyor________extrafundsintheformofloans.Naturallyhewilltrytoborrowmoneyatalow________ofinterestbutloansofthiskindarenot________obtainable.
Inrecentyearsrailroadshavebeencombiningwitheachothermergingintosupersystemscausingheightenedconcernsaboutmonopoly.Asrecentlyas1995thetopfourrailroadsaccountedforunder70percentofthetotalton-milesmovedbyrails.Nextyearafteraseriesofmergersiscompletedjustfourrailroadswillcontrolwellover90percentofallthefreightmovedbymajorrailcarriers. Supportersofthenewsupersystemsarguethatthesemergerswillallowforsubstantialcostreductionsandbettercoordinatedservice.Anythreatofmonopolytheyargueisremovedbyfiercecompetitionfromtrucks.Butmanyshipperscomplainthatforheavybulkcommoditiestravelinglongdistancessuchascoalchemicalsandgraintruckingistoocostlyandtherailroadsthereforehavethembythethroat. Thevastconsolidationwithintherailindustrymeansthatmostshippersareservedbyonlyonerailcompany.Railroadstypicallychargesuchcaptiveshippers20to30percentmorethantheydowhenanotherrailroadiscompetingforthebusiness.Shipperswhofeeltheyarebeingoverchargedhavetherighttoappealtothefederalgovernment’’sSurfaceTransportationBoardforratereliefbuttheprocessisexpensivetimeconsumingandwillworkonlyintrulyextremecases. Railroadsjustifyratediscriminationagainstcaptiveshippersonthegroundsthatinthelongrunitreduceseveryone’’scost.Ifrailroadschargedallcustomersthesameaverageratetheyargueshipperswhohavetheoptionofswitchingtotrucksorotherformsoftransportationwoulddosoleavingremainingcustomerstoshoulderthecostofkeepinguptheline.It’’satheorytowhichmanyeconomistssubscribebutinpracticeitoftenleavesrailroadsinthepositionofdeterminingwhichcompanieswillflourishandwhichwillfail.DowereallywantrailroadstobethearbitersofwhowinsandwholosesinthemarketplaceasksMartinBercoviciaWashingtonlawyerwhofrequentlyrepresentsshippers. Manycaptiveshippersalsoworrytheywillsoonbehitwitharoundofhugerateincreases.Therailroadindustryasawholedespiteitsbrighteningfortunesstilldoesnotearnenoughtocoverthecostofthecapitalitmustinvesttokeepupwithitssurgingtraffic.YetrailroadscontinuetoborrowbillionstoacquireoneanotherwithWallStreetcheeringthemon.Considerthe$10.2billionbidbyNorfolkSouthernandCSXtoacquireConrailthisyear.Conrail’’snetrailwayoperatingincomein1996wasjust$427millionlessthanhalfofthecarryingcostsofthetransaction.Who’’sgoingtopayfortherestofthebillManycaptiveshippersfearthattheywillasNorfolkSouthernandCSXincreasetheirgriponthemarket. .Accordingtothosewhosupportmergersrailwaymonopolyisunlikelybecause
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It’’shardlynewsanymorethatAmericansarejusttoofat.Aquicklookaroundthemallthebeachorthecrowdatanybaseballgamewillleavenoroomfordoubt:ourindividualweightproblemshavebecomeanationalcrisis.Evensotheactualnumbersareshocking.Fullytwo-thirdsofU.S.adultsareofficiallyoverweightandabouthalfofthosehavegraduatedtofull-blownobesity. Itwouldn’’tbesuchabigdealiftheproblemweresimpleaesthetic.Butexcesspoundagetakesaterribletollonthehumanbody.significantlyincreasingtheriskofheartdiseasehighbloodpressurediabetesinfertilityandmanyformsofcancer.Thetotalmedicalbillforillnessesrelatedtoobesityis$117billionayear-andclimbing-andtheJournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociationreportedthatpoordietandphysicalinactivitycouldsoonovertaketobaccoastheleadingcauseofpreventabledeathintheU.S. WhyisithappeningTheobviousalmosttrivialansweristhatweeattoomuchhigh-caloriefoodanddon’’tburnitoffwithenoughexercise.Ifonlywecouldchangethosehabitstheproblemwouldgoaway.Butclearlyitisn’’tthateasy.Americanspourscoresofbillionsofdollarseveryyearintoweight-lossproductsandhealth-clubmemberships.Foodanddrugcompaniesspendevenmoretryingtofindamagicfoodordrugthatwillmeltthepoundsaway.Yetthenation’’scollectivewaistlinejustkeepsgrowing. It’’snaturaltotrytofindsomethingtoblame-fast-foodjointsorfoodmanufacturersorevenourselvesforhavingtoolittlewillpower.Buttheultimatereasonforobesitymayberooteddeepwithinourgenes.Obedienttotheinevitablelawsofevolutionthehumanraceadaptedovermillionsofyearstolivinginaworldofscarcitywhereitpaidtoeateverygood-tastingthinginsightwhenyoucouldfindit. Althoughourphysiologyhasstayedprettymuchthesameforthepast50000yearsorsowehumanshaveutterlytransformedourenvironment.Overthepastcenturyespeciallytechnologyhasalmostcompletelyremovedphysicalexercisefromtheday-to-daylivesofmostAmericans.Atthesametimeithasfilledsupermarketshelveswithcheapmass-producedgood-tastingfoodthatispackedwithcalories.AndfinallytechnologyhasallowedadvertiserstodeliverconstantvirtuallyirresistiblemessagesthatsayEatthisnowtoeveryoneoldenoughtowatchTV. ThisartificialenvironmentismostpervasiveintheU.S.andotherindustrializedcountriesandthat’’sexactlywherethefatcrisisismostacute. Theauthorwarnsthatoverweighthas
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简述引文查找方法的特点
Ifafarmerwishestosucceedhemusttrytokeepawidegapbetweenhisconsumptionandhisproduction.Hemuststorealargequantityofgrain________consumingallhisgrainimmediately.Hecancontinuetosupporthimselfandhisfamily________heproducesasurplus.Hemustusethissurplusinthreeways:asseedforsowingasaninsurance________theunpredictableeffectsofbadweatherandasacommoditywhichhemustsellinorderto________oldagriculturalimplementsandobtainchemicalfertilizersto______thesoil.Hemayalsoneedmoneytoconstructirrigation______andimprovehisfarminotherways.Ifnosurplusisavailableafarmercannotbe______.Hemusteithersellsomeofhispropertyor________extrafundsintheformofloans.Naturallyhewilltrytoborrowmoneyatalow________ofinterestbutloansofthiskindarenot________obtainable.
It’’shardlynewsanymorethatAmericansarejusttoofat.Aquicklookaroundthemallthebeachorthecrowdatanybaseballgamewillleavenoroomfordoubt:ourindividualweightproblemshavebecomeanationalcrisis.Evensotheactualnumbersareshocking.Fullytwo-thirdsofU.S.adultsareofficiallyoverweightandabouthalfofthosehavegraduatedtofull-blownobesity. Itwouldn’’tbesuchabigdealiftheproblemweresimpleaesthetic.Butexcesspoundagetakesaterribletollonthehumanbody.significantlyincreasingtheriskofheartdiseasehighbloodpressurediabetesinfertilityandmanyformsofcancer.Thetotalmedicalbillforillnessesrelatedtoobesityis$117billionayear-andclimbing-andtheJournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociationreportedthatpoordietandphysicalinactivitycouldsoonovertaketobaccoastheleadingcauseofpreventabledeathintheU.S. WhyisithappeningTheobviousalmosttrivialansweristhatweeattoomuchhigh-caloriefoodanddon’’tburnitoffwithenoughexercise.Ifonlywecouldchangethosehabitstheproblemwouldgoaway.Butclearlyitisn’’tthateasy.Americanspourscoresofbillionsofdollarseveryyearintoweight-lossproductsandhealth-clubmemberships.Foodanddrugcompaniesspendevenmoretryingtofindamagicfoodordrugthatwillmeltthepoundsaway.Yetthenation’’scollectivewaistlinejustkeepsgrowing. It’’snaturaltotrytofindsomethingtoblame-fast-foodjointsorfoodmanufacturersorevenourselvesforhavingtoolittlewillpower.Buttheultimatereasonforobesitymayberooteddeepwithinourgenes.Obedienttotheinevitablelawsofevolutionthehumanraceadaptedovermillionsofyearstolivinginaworldofscarcitywhereitpaidtoeateverygood-tastingthinginsightwhenyoucouldfindit. Althoughourphysiologyhasstayedprettymuchthesameforthepast50000yearsorsowehumanshaveutterlytransformedourenvironment.Overthepastcenturyespeciallytechnologyhasalmostcompletelyremovedphysicalexercisefromtheday-to-daylivesofmostAmericans.Atthesametimeithasfilledsupermarketshelveswithcheapmass-producedgood-tastingfoodthatispackedwithcalories.AndfinallytechnologyhasallowedadvertiserstodeliverconstantvirtuallyirresistiblemessagesthatsayEatthisnowtoeveryoneoldenoughtowatchTV. ThisartificialenvironmentismostpervasiveintheU.S.andotherindustrializedcountriesandthat’’sexactlywherethefatcrisisismostacute. Fatcrisisseemstoresultchieflyfrom
Forthreedecadeswe’’veheardendlesslyaboutthevirtuesofaerobicincreasingoxygenconsumptionexercise.MedicalauthoritieshavepraisedrunningandjumpingasthekeytogoodhealthandmillionsofAmericanshavetakentothetreadmill踏车toreaptherewards.Butthestoryischanging.EveryonefromtheAmericanHeartAssociationtothesurgeongeneral’’sofficehasrecentlyembracedstrengthtrainingasacomplementtoaerobics.AndasweightliftinghasgonemainstreamsohastheonceobscurepracticeknownasSuperSlowtraining.Enthusiastsclaimthatbypumpingironatasnail’’space-makingeachreprepeatlast14secondsinsteadoftheusualseven-youcansafelyplaceextraordinarydemandsonyourmusclesandcallforthanextraordinaryresponse.Slowliftingmaynotbetheonlyexerciseyouneedassomeadvocatesbelievebutthebenefitsareoftendramatic. Almostanyonecanhandlethisroutine.Theonlyrequirementsarecompletefocusandatolerancefordeepmuscularburn.Foxeachexercise-legpressbenchpressshoulderpressandsoon-yousetthemachinetoprovideonlymoderateresistance.Butasyoudrawouteachrepdeprivingyourselfofimpetustheweightsoonfeelsunbearable.Defyingtheimpulsetostopyoukeepgoinguntilyoucan’’tcompletearep.Thenyousustainyourvaineffortfor10moresecondswhiletheweightsinksgraduallytowarditscradle.IntenseUncomfortableTotally.Butonceyouembracemusclefailureasthegoaloftheworkoutitcanbecomealmostpleasure. Thegoalisnottoburncalorieswhileyou’’reexercisingbuttomakeyourbodyburnthemallthetime.Runningafewmilesmanymakeyousweatbutitexpendsonly100caloriespermileanditdoesn’’tstimulatemuchboneormuscledevelopment.Strengthtrainingdoesn’’tburnmanycalorieseither.Butwhenyoupushamuscletofailureyousetoffapourofphysiologicalchanges.Asthemusclerecoversoverseveraldaysitwillthicken-andthenewmuscletissuewilldemandsustenance.Bythetimeyouaddthreepoundsofmuscleyourbodyrequiresanextra9000caloriesamonthjusttobreakeven.Holdyourdietsteadyandveryquicklyyouarevaporizingbodyfat. Onemighthavebenefitedfromanystrength-trainingprogram.Butadvocatesinsisttheslowtechniqueissaferandmoreeffectivethantraditionalmethods. Inpracticingslowliftingonehasto
It’’shardlynewsanymorethatAmericansarejusttoofat.Aquicklookaroundthemallthebeachorthecrowdatanybaseballgamewillleavenoroomfordoubt:ourindividualweightproblemshavebecomeanationalcrisis.Evensotheactualnumbersareshocking.Fullytwo-thirdsofU.S.adultsareofficiallyoverweightandabouthalfofthosehavegraduatedtofull-blownobesity. Itwouldn’’tbesuchabigdealiftheproblemweresimpleaesthetic.Butexcesspoundagetakesaterribletollonthehumanbody.significantlyincreasingtheriskofheartdiseasehighbloodpressurediabetesinfertilityandmanyformsofcancer.Thetotalmedicalbillforillnessesrelatedtoobesityis$117billionayear-andclimbing-andtheJournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociationreportedthatpoordietandphysicalinactivitycouldsoonovertaketobaccoastheleadingcauseofpreventabledeathintheU.S. WhyisithappeningTheobviousalmosttrivialansweristhatweeattoomuchhigh-caloriefoodanddon’’tburnitoffwithenoughexercise.Ifonlywecouldchangethosehabitstheproblemwouldgoaway.Butclearlyitisn’’tthateasy.Americanspourscoresofbillionsofdollarseveryyearintoweight-lossproductsandhealth-clubmemberships.Foodanddrugcompaniesspendevenmoretryingtofindamagicfoodordrugthatwillmeltthepoundsaway.Yetthenation’’scollectivewaistlinejustkeepsgrowing. It’’snaturaltotrytofindsomethingtoblame-fast-foodjointsorfoodmanufacturersorevenourselvesforhavingtoolittlewillpower.Buttheultimatereasonforobesitymayberooteddeepwithinourgenes.Obedienttotheinevitablelawsofevolutionthehumanraceadaptedovermillionsofyearstolivinginaworldofscarcitywhereitpaidtoeateverygood-tastingthinginsightwhenyoucouldfindit. Althoughourphysiologyhasstayedprettymuchthesameforthepast50000yearsorsowehumanshaveutterlytransformedourenvironment.Overthepastcenturyespeciallytechnologyhasalmostcompletelyremovedphysicalexercisefromtheday-to-daylivesofmostAmericans.Atthesametimeithasfilledsupermarketshelveswithcheapmass-producedgood-tastingfoodthatispackedwithcalories.AndfinallytechnologyhasallowedadvertiserstodeliverconstantvirtuallyirresistiblemessagesthatsayEatthisnowtoeveryoneoldenoughtowatchTV. ThisartificialenvironmentismostpervasiveintheU.S.andotherindustrializedcountriesandthat’’sexactlywherethefatcrisisismostacute. AllofthefollowingdirectlyaccountforobesityEXCLUDING
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