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咳嗽因饮食肥甘、生冷加重者，属于（）
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饮食肥甘生冷咳嗽加重者多属
风热
风寒
痰热
痰湿
肝火
下列各项中常出现咳嗽饮食肥甘生冷加重的证型是
痰湿
虚寒
阴虚
痰热
气虚
咳嗽饮食肥甘生冷加重者多属
虚寒
阴虚
痰湿
痰热
气虚
蛔虫病的发生与哪项关系最为密切
饮食不洁
饮食不节
过食肥甘
过食生冷
素体脾虚
本病例属于哪种咳嗽
痰湿咳嗽
风寒咳嗽
痰热咳嗽
肝火咳嗽
风热咳嗽
鉴别咳嗽的特点以查病因饮食肥甘生冷咳嗽加重者多属
肺阴虚
咳嗽、咳血、潮热、盗汗
咳吐、浊唾涎沫
肺阴亏损
肺痿
鉴别咳嗽的特点饮食肥甘生冷咳嗽加重者多属
虚寒
痰湿
肝火
风热
风寒
该病例属于哪种咳嗽
痰湿咳嗽
风寒咳嗽
痰热咳嗽
肝火咳嗽
风热咳嗽
鉴别咳嗽的特点以查病因饮食肥甘生冷咳嗽加重者多属
虚寒
痰湿
肝火
风热
风寒
本病例属于哪种咳嗽
痰湿咳嗽
风寒咳嗽
痰热咳嗽
肝火咳嗽
风热咳嗽
鉴别咳嗽的特点以查病因饮食肥甘生冷咳嗽加重者多属
肺阴虚
咳嗽、咳血、潮热、盗汗
咳吐、浊唾涎沫
肺阴亏损
肺痿
感冒期间适宜的饮食有
清淡，以蔬菜为主
生冷
肥甘油腻
生冷水果为主
蛔虫病的发病原因是
饮食不节
过食生冷
饮食不洁
过食肥甘
素体脾虚
张某素日咳嗽吐痰反复发作早晨咳嗽加剧咳声重浊痰出咳减痰多黏腻色白进食肥甘生冷之食咳嗽加重伴胸闷脘痞食
痰湿咳嗽
风寒咳嗽
痰热咳嗽
肝火咳嗽
风热咳嗽
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Text3Itmayturnoutthatthe"digitaldivide"--oneofthemostfashionablepoliticalslogansofrecentyears--islargelyfiction.Asyouwillrecalltheargumentwentwellbe-yondtheunsurprisingnotionthattherichwouldownmorecomputersthanthepoor.Thedisturbingpartofthetheorywasthatsocietywasdividingitselfintogroupsoftechnology"haves"and"have-nots"andthatthissegregationwouldinturnworsenalreadylargeeconomicinequalities.Itisthisargumentthatiseitheruntrueorwildlyexaggerated.Weshouldalwayshavebeensuspicious.Afterallcomputershavespreadquicklybecausetheyhavebecomecheapertobuyandeasiertouse.Fallingpricesandskillrequirementssuggestthatthedigitaldividewouldspontaneouslyshrink--andsoithas.Nowanewstudyfurtherdiscreditsthedigitaldivide.ThestudybyeconomistsDavidCardoftheUniversityofCaliforniaBerkeleychallengesthenotionthatcomputershavesignificantlyworsenedwageinequality.Thelogicofhowthissupposedlyhappensisstraightforward:computersraisethedemandforhigh-skilledworkersincreasingtheirwages.Meanwhilecomputerization--byautomatingmanyroutinetasks--reducesthedemandforlow-skilledworkersandtherebytheirwages.Thegapbetweenthetwowidens.Superficiallywagestatisticssupportthetheory.Considertheratiobetweenworkersnearthetopofthewagedistributionandthosenearthebottom.Computerizationincreased;sodidthewagegap.ButwaitpointoutCardandDiNardo.Thetroublewithblamingcomputersisthattheworseningofinequalityoccurredprimarilyintheearly1980s.Withcomputerusegrowingthewagegapshouldhavecontinuedtoexpandifitwasbeingdrivenbyashiftingdemandforskills.IndeedCardandDiNardofindmuchdetailedevidencethatcontradictsthetheory.Theyconcludethatcomputerizationdoesnotexplain"theriseinU.S.wageinequalityinthelastquarterofthe20thcentury."Thepopularperceptionofcomputers’impactonwagesishugelyoverblown.Lotsofotherinfluencescountforasmuchormore.Theworseningofwageinequalityintheearly1980sforexamplealmostcertainlyreflectedthedeep1981-82recessionandthefallofinflation.Companiesfoundithardertoraiseprices.Tosurvivetheyconcludedthattheyhadtoholddownthewagesoftheirleastskilledleastmobileandyoungestworkers.The"digitaldivide"suggestedasimplesolutioncomputersforacomplexproblempoverty.Withmorecomputeraccessthepoorcouldescapetheirlot.Butcomputersneverwerethesourceofanyone’spovertyandasforescapingwhatpeopledoforthemselvesmattersmorethanwhattechnologycandoforthem. Itisgenerallybelievedthatthedigitaldivideissomething
食积气滞兼有咳喘痰多者宜首选
SectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readingthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.40pointsText1AftertheterroristattacksinAmericalastSeptemberterroristriskbecamethepariahofperils.Theairlineindustrywasmostdirectlyaffectedbytheattacksanditwasthefirsttofindthatnoonewantedtoinsureterroristrisk.Insurancecompaniesimmediatelyincreasedpremiumsandcutcoverforairlines’third-partyterrorandwarliabilitiesto$50mperairlineper"event".UnderpressurefromairlinestheAmericangovernmentandthemembersoftheEuropeanUnionagreedtobecomeinsurersoflastresortforairlines’warandterroristliabilitiesforalimitedperiod.Thesegovernmentguaranteesareduetoexpireattheendofthemonth.TheAmericangovernmenthasalreadyagreedtoextenditsguaranteeforanother60days.TheEU’stransportministersaremeetingnextweekinBrusselstodecidewhattodo.Insurersandre-insurersarekeenforthecommercialmarkettoresumetheprovisionofallairlineinsuranceassoonaspossible.Nowonder:Thepremiumsforsuchcoverhaveinevitablyincreasedconsiderably.Howeverinthecaseofterrorismandespeciallyofterrorismintheskiesanumberofspecialfactorsarise.Somearepurelypractical:adisasterassuddenandunforeseenastheattacksontheWorldTradeCenterhashaddestructiveeffectsontheinsuranceindustry.Themaximumcoverforthird-partyterroristriskavailableintheprimaryaviationmarketisnow$50mandthatisnotnearlyenoughcoverrisksthatareperceivedtobemuchhighersinceSeptemberllth.Evenifthemarketcouldoffersufficientcoveranothercatastropheonsuchascalewouldbemorethanthemarketcouldcopewith.Inadditionarareanddevastatingriskofapoliticalnatureisarguablyonethatitisrightforgovernmentstocoveratleastinpart.InthewakeofattacksbyIrishterroriststheBritishgovernmenthasrecognizedthispointbyagreeingtobackamutualfundtocoverriskstopropertyfromterroristattack.Inthecaseoftheairlinestheappropriateanswerissomeformofmutualschemewithgovernmentbacking.Infactunderthecode-name"Equitime"representativesofairlinesinsurersandtheAmericangovernmentaresettingupaninsurancevehicletobefinancedbyairlinesandreinsuredbythegovernment.Governmentswouldguaranteethefund’sexcessriskbuttheirrolewoulddiminishasthefundgrew.SettingsomethingupwilltaketimeSotobridgethegapgovernmentswillhavetoremaininsureroflastresortforairlines’warandterroristriskforsometimetocome. Howdoesthewriterfeelaboutthepresentsituation
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDontheANSWERSHEET1.10pointsLargecompaniesneedawaytoreachthesavingsofthepublicatlarge.The1problemorasmallscalefaces2everycompanytryingtodevelopnewproductsandcreatenewjobs.Therecanbelittleprospectof3thesumsneededfromfriendsandpeopleweknow.And4banksmayagreetoprovideshort-termfinance.Theyaregenerallyunwillingtoprovidemoneyona5basisforlong-term6.Socompanies7thepublicinvitingpeopletolendthemmoneyortakeashareinfutureprofits.Thistheydoby8stocksandsharesoftheirbusinessinastock9.Bydoingsotheycan10andusethesavingsofindividualsandinstitutionsbothathomeandoverseaswhentheinventorneedshismoneybackhedoesnothavetogothecompanywithwhomhe11placedit.12hesellshissharesthrougha13tosomeotherpersonwhoisseekingtoinvesthismoneymanyoftheservicesneeded14byindustryandbyeachofusareprovidedbythegovernmentorbylocal15Withouthospitalsroadselectricitytelephonesrailwaysetcthiscountrycouldnot16.Alltheserequirecontinuousspendingonnewequipmentandnewdevelopmentiftheyaretoserveusproperlyrequiringmoremoneythatisraisedthroughtaxesalone.Thegovernmentlocalauthoritiesandnationalizedindustries17frequentlyneedtoborrowmoneyto18majorcapitalspendingandtheytoocometoastockexchange.Thereishardlyamanorwomaninthiscountry19jobandstandardoflivingdoesnotdependontheabilityofhisorheremployerstoraisemoneytofinancenewdevelopment.Inonewayoranotherthisnewmoneymustcomefromtheinvestmentfundsofthecountry.Stockexchangesexisttoprovidea20throughwhichthesefundscanreachthosewhoneedfinancing. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.19
合谷列缺风门外关都可以治疗的病证是
Text2TheEuropeanUnion’sBarcelonasummitwhichendedonMarch16thwasplayedoutagainsttheusualbackdropofnoisy"anti-globalisation"demonstrationsandmassivesecurity.IfnothingelsethedemonstrationsillustratedthateconomicliberalizationinEurope--themeeting’smaintopic--presentsgenuinepoliticaldifficulties.Influentialsectionsofpublicopinioncontinuetoopposeanythingthattheyimaginethreatens"socialEurope"theidealofacradle-to-gravewelfarestate.InthisclimateofpublicopinionitisnotsurprisingthattheoutcomeinBarcelonawasmodest.ThetotemicissuewasopeningupEurope’senergymarkets.TheFrenchgovernmenthasfoughthardtopreserveaprotectedmarketathome{oritsstate-ownednationalchampionElectricitedeFranceEDF.AtBarcelonaitmadeawell-flaggedtacticalretreat.Thesummiteersconcludedthatfrom2004industrialusersacrossEuropewouldbeabletochoosefromcompetingenergysupplierswhichshouldaccountfor"atleast"600%ofthemarket.SinceEurope’senergymarketisworth350billion$309Billionayearandaffectsjustabouteverybusinessthisisabreakthrough.Buteventheenergydealhasdisappointingaspects.Confiningcompetitiontobusinessusersmakesithardertoshowthateconomicliberalizationisthefriendratherthanthefoeoftheordinaryperson.ItalsoallowsEDFtokeepitsmonopolyinthemostprofitablechunkoftheFrenchmarket.InotherareasespeciallytodowithEurope’stoughlabormarketstheEUisactuallygoingbackwards.Thesummiteersdeclaredthat"disincentivesagainsttakingupjobs"shouldberemoved;20mjobsshouldbecreatedwithintheEUby2010.ButonlythreedaysafteraBarcelonajamboreetheEuropeanCommissionendorsedanewlawthatwouldgivealltemporary-agencyworkersthesamerightsasfull-timerswithinsixweeksofgettingtheirfeetunderthedesk.Sixoutof20commissionersdidunusuallyvoteagainstthemeasure--ablatantpieceofre-regulation--butthesocialaffairscommissionerAnnaDiamantopoulouwasunrepentantindeedtriumphant.Adissatsifiedliberaliserinthecommissioncalledthedirective"anabsolutedisaster".Thesummit’sotherachievementsarestillmorefragile.Europe’sleaderspromisedtoincreasespendingon"researchanddevelopment"fromitscurrentfigureof1.9%ofGDPayearto3%.ButhowwillEuropeanpoliticianscompelbusinessestoinvestmoreinresearchNobodyseemstoknow.AndtheonebigresearchprojectagreedonatBarcelonatheGalileosatellite-positioningsystemwhichissupposedtocost3.2billionofpublicmoneyisofdubiouscommercialvaluesincetheEuropeansalreadyenjoyfreeaccesstotheAmericans’GPAsystem.EdwardBannermanheadofeconomicsattheCentreforEuropeanReformaBlairitethink-tankcallsGalileo"thecommonagriculturalpolicyinspace." Whatistheattitudeoftheminorityofcommissionerstowardsthere-regulationofEurope'sjobmarket
PartBDirections:Inthefollowingtextsomesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblank.Therearetwoextrachoiceswhichdonotfitinanyoftheblanks.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.10pointsInFranceasinmanyEuropeancountriesfriendsgenerallyareofthesamesexandfriendshipisseenasbasicallyarelationshipbetweenmen.41___________________.AndmanyFrenchpeopledoubtthepossibilityofafriendshipbetweenamanandawoman.Thereisalsothekindofrelationshipwithinagroup-menandwomenwhohaveworkedtogetherforalongtimewhomaybeveryclosesharinggreatloyaltyandwarmthoffeeling.Theymaycalloneanother-copains-awordthatinEnglishbecomes"friends"buthasmorethefeelingof"pals"or"buddies".InFrencheyesthisisnotfriendshipalthoughtwomembersofsuchagroupmaywellbefriends.FortheFrenchfriendshipisone-to-onerelationshipthatdemandsakeenawarenessoftheotherperson’sintellecttemperamentandparticularinterests.42_________________________.Yourpoliticalphilosophyassumesmoredepthappreciationofaplaybecomessharpertasteinfoodorwineisenhancedenjoymentofasportisintensified.AndFrenchfriendshipsaredividedintocategories.Amanmayplaychesswithafriendforthirtyyearswithoutknowinghispoliticalopinionorhemaytalkpoliticswithhimforalongtimewithoutknowingabouthispersonallife.Differentfriendsfilldifferentnichesineachperson’slife.43____________________________________Thesedutiesalsoseriousandrequiredareprimarilyforrelatives.Menwhoarefriendsmaymeetinacaf6.Intellectualfriendsmaymeetinlargegroupsforeveningsofconversation.Workingpeoplemaymeetatthelittlebistrowheretheydrinkandtalkfarfromthefamily.44_____________________________.InthepastinFrancefriendshipsofthiskindseldomwereopentoanybutintellectualwomen.45______________________.ThespecialrelationshipoffriendshipisbasedonwhattheFrenchvaluemost-onthemindonhavingthesameoutlookonvividaawarenessofsomechosenareaoflife. [A]Thesefriendshipsarenotmadepartoffamilylife.Afriendisnotexpectedtospendeveningsbeingnicetochildrenorcourteoustoadeafgrandmother. [B]AFrenchmanexplains"IfIweretosaytoyouinFrance’Thisismygoodfriend’thatpersonwouldnotbeasclosetomeassomeoneaboutwhomIsaidonly’Thisismyfriend.’AnyoneaboutwhomIhavetosaymoreisreallyless." [C]Sincemostwomen’slivescenteredontheirhomestheirwarmestrelationswithotherwomenoftenwentbacktotheirgirlhood. [D]Marriagedoesnotaffectsuchfriendship;wivesdon’thavetobetakenintoaccount. [E]Frenchwomenlaughattheideathat"womencan’tbefriends"buttheyalsoadmitsometimesthatforwomen"itisadifferentthing" [F]BetweenFrenchfriendswhohavechoseneachotherforthesimilarityoftheirpointofviewlivelydisagreementandsharpnessofargumentarethebreathoflife. [G]Afriendissomeonewhodrawsoutyourownbestqualitieswithwhomyousparkleandbecomemoreofwhateverthefriendshipdrawsupon. 45
人汤剂宜后下的药是
SectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readingthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.40pointsText1AftertheterroristattacksinAmericalastSeptemberterroristriskbecamethepariahofperils.Theairlineindustrywasmostdirectlyaffectedbytheattacksanditwasthefirsttofindthatnoonewantedtoinsureterroristrisk.Insurancecompaniesimmediatelyincreasedpremiumsandcutcoverforairlines’third-partyterrorandwarliabilitiesto$50mperairlineper"event".UnderpressurefromairlinestheAmericangovernmentandthemembersoftheEuropeanUnionagreedtobecomeinsurersoflastresortforairlines’warandterroristliabilitiesforalimitedperiod.Thesegovernmentguaranteesareduetoexpireattheendofthemonth.TheAmericangovernmenthasalreadyagreedtoextenditsguaranteeforanother60days.TheEU’stransportministersaremeetingnextweekinBrusselstodecidewhattodo.Insurersandre-insurersarekeenforthecommercialmarkettoresumetheprovisionofallairlineinsuranceassoonaspossible.Nowonder:Thepremiumsforsuchcoverhaveinevitablyincreasedconsiderably.Howeverinthecaseofterrorismandespeciallyofterrorismintheskiesanumberofspecialfactorsarise.Somearepurelypractical:adisasterassuddenandunforeseenastheattacksontheWorldTradeCenterhashaddestructiveeffectsontheinsuranceindustry.Themaximumcoverforthird-partyterroristriskavailableintheprimaryaviationmarketisnow$50mandthatisnotnearlyenoughcoverrisksthatareperceivedtobemuchhighersinceSeptemberllth.Evenifthemarketcouldoffersufficientcoveranothercatastropheonsuchascalewouldbemorethanthemarketcouldcopewith.Inadditionarareanddevastatingriskofapoliticalnatureisarguablyonethatitisrightforgovernmentstocoveratleastinpart.InthewakeofattacksbyIrishterroriststheBritishgovernmenthasrecognizedthispointbyagreeingtobackamutualfundtocoverriskstopropertyfromterroristattack.Inthecaseoftheairlinestheappropriateanswerissomeformofmutualschemewithgovernmentbacking.Infactunderthecode-name"Equitime"representativesofairlinesinsurersandtheAmericangovernmentaresettingupaninsurancevehicletobefinancedbyairlinesandreinsuredbythegovernment.Governmentswouldguaranteethefund’sexcessriskbuttheirrolewoulddiminishasthefundgrew.SettingsomethingupwilltaketimeSotobridgethegapgovernmentswillhavetoremaininsureroflastresortforairlines’warandterroristriskforsometimetocome. ByterroristriskbecamethepariahofperilsParagraph1theauthormeans
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDontheANSWERSHEET1.10pointsLargecompaniesneedawaytoreachthesavingsofthepublicatlarge.The1problemorasmallscalefaces2everycompanytryingtodevelopnewproductsandcreatenewjobs.Therecanbelittleprospectof3thesumsneededfromfriendsandpeopleweknow.And4banksmayagreetoprovideshort-termfinance.Theyaregenerallyunwillingtoprovidemoneyona5basisforlong-term6.Socompanies7thepublicinvitingpeopletolendthemmoneyortakeashareinfutureprofits.Thistheydoby8stocksandsharesoftheirbusinessinastock9.Bydoingsotheycan10andusethesavingsofindividualsandinstitutionsbothathomeandoverseaswhentheinventorneedshismoneybackhedoesnothavetogothecompanywithwhomhe11placedit.12hesellshissharesthrougha13tosomeotherpersonwhoisseekingtoinvesthismoneymanyoftheservicesneeded14byindustryandbyeachofusareprovidedbythegovernmentorbylocal15Withouthospitalsroadselectricitytelephonesrailwaysetcthiscountrycouldnot16.Alltheserequirecontinuousspendingonnewequipmentandnewdevelopmentiftheyaretoserveusproperlyrequiringmoremoneythatisraisedthroughtaxesalone.Thegovernmentlocalauthoritiesandnationalizedindustries17frequentlyneedtoborrowmoneyto18majorcapitalspendingandtheytoocometoastockexchange.Thereishardlyamanorwomaninthiscountry19jobandstandardoflivingdoesnotdependontheabilityofhisorheremployerstoraisemoneytofinancenewdevelopment.Inonewayoranotherthisnewmoneymustcomefromtheinvestmentfundsofthecountry.Stockexchangesexisttoprovidea20throughwhichthesefundscanreachthosewhoneedfinancing. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.16
PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.10pointsThediscoverylastweekofpossibleevidenceoflifeonMarshaselectrifieddebateoverwhethertheuniverseisabarrenvoidoranurserypregnantwithlife.Scientistswhohavecomestunninglyclosetorepeatinggenesisortheoriginoflifeinatesttubesaythebuildingblocksforlifeexisteverywhere.Thechallengeisputtingthemtogether.46"Theoriginoflifeisarelativelyeasyconceptandthere’sawidevarietyofconditionsunderwhichitwilltakeplace"saidlateStanleyMilleraprofessorattheUniversityofCaliforniaandapioneerinthefield."PerhapstheremarkablethingisthateventhoughMarsisnotafavorableenvironmenttheoriginoflifetookplace."Astronomershavefoundthatthesamegasespresentinoursolarsystemarepresentthroughouttheuniverse.47EffortstomakemicroscopiclifefromthesebasicelementsonEarthsuggeststhechanceoflifearisingundersimilarcircumstancesisthesameeverywheresaychemistsbiologistsandotherexperts."Itseemsfairlylikelythatlifesimilartooursifthereiswateravailable’"wouldevolveinotherenvironmentsinourgalaxyorouruniverse"saidJamesFerrisaleadingresearcherandeditorofthejournal"OriginsofLifeandEvolutionoftheBiosphere."Underlyingmuchoftheresearchisthequestion..WasthedevelopmentoflifeonEarthuniqueordidtheuniverse’schemicalelementsnaturallyevolveintolife48Theanswerappearstobethatatleastthechemicalreactionsthatsetthestageforearlylifewouldbesimilareverywherebutresultantlivingorganismswoulddifferbecauseofthegeneticmutationsinevolution."Ifyou’vegotthesamestartingmaterialsandthesameconditionsyou’regoingtogettheamecompoundsthat’sforsure"Millersaid."Therealquestioniswhetherornottherearechanceelementsintheformationoflife."49Ina1953experimentMillermixedbasicgasesapproximatingtheEarth’searlyatmospherewithanelectricchargeinsideaglasschamberandproducedaminoacidsaprimitivebuildingblockoflife.Hethensuggestedthatlifewasanaturalevolution.Itseemedthatsciencewasonthevergeofconjuringupcreationsinthelaboratorybutthenext43yearsweretopresentunexpectedchallenges.50"Makingtheaminoacidsmadeitseemliketherestofthestepswouldbeveryeasy;it’sturnedouttobemoredifficultthanIthoughtitwouldbe"Millersaidinaninterview. Ina1953experimentMillermixedbasicgasesapproximatingtheEarth’searlyatmospherewithanelectricchargeinsideaglasschamberandproducedaminoacidsaprimitivebuildingblockoflife.
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDontheANSWERSHEET1.10pointsLargecompaniesneedawaytoreachthesavingsofthepublicatlarge.The1problemorasmallscalefaces2everycompanytryingtodevelopnewproductsandcreatenewjobs.Therecanbelittleprospectof3thesumsneededfromfriendsandpeopleweknow.And4banksmayagreetoprovideshort-termfinance.Theyaregenerallyunwillingtoprovidemoneyona5basisforlong-term6.Socompanies7thepublicinvitingpeopletolendthemmoneyortakeashareinfutureprofits.Thistheydoby8stocksandsharesoftheirbusinessinastock9.Bydoingsotheycan10andusethesavingsofindividualsandinstitutionsbothathomeandoverseaswhentheinventorneedshismoneybackhedoesnothavetogothecompanywithwhomhe11placedit.12hesellshissharesthrougha13tosomeotherpersonwhoisseekingtoinvesthismoneymanyoftheservicesneeded14byindustryandbyeachofusareprovidedbythegovernmentorbylocal15Withouthospitalsroadselectricitytelephonesrailwaysetcthiscountrycouldnot16.Alltheserequirecontinuousspendingonnewequipmentandnewdevelopmentiftheyaretoserveusproperlyrequiringmoremoneythatisraisedthroughtaxesalone.Thegovernmentlocalauthoritiesandnationalizedindustries17frequentlyneedtoborrowmoneyto18majorcapitalspendingandtheytoocometoastockexchange.Thereishardlyamanorwomaninthiscountry19jobandstandardoflivingdoesnotdependontheabilityofhisorheremployerstoraisemoneytofinancenewdevelopment.Inonewayoranotherthisnewmoneymustcomefromtheinvestmentfundsofthecountry.Stockexchangesexisttoprovidea20throughwhichthesefundscanreachthosewhoneedfinancing. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.8
PartBDirections:Inthefollowingtextsomesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblank.Therearetwoextrachoiceswhichdonotfitinanyoftheblanks.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.10pointsInFranceasinmanyEuropeancountriesfriendsgenerallyareofthesamesexandfriendshipisseenasbasicallyarelationshipbetweenmen.41___________________.AndmanyFrenchpeopledoubtthepossibilityofafriendshipbetweenamanandawoman.Thereisalsothekindofrelationshipwithinagroup-menandwomenwhohaveworkedtogetherforalongtimewhomaybeveryclosesharinggreatloyaltyandwarmthoffeeling.Theymaycalloneanother-copains-awordthatinEnglishbecomes"friends"buthasmorethefeelingof"pals"or"buddies".InFrencheyesthisisnotfriendshipalthoughtwomembersofsuchagroupmaywellbefriends.FortheFrenchfriendshipisone-to-onerelationshipthatdemandsakeenawarenessoftheotherperson’sintellecttemperamentandparticularinterests.42_________________________.Yourpoliticalphilosophyassumesmoredepthappreciationofaplaybecomessharpertasteinfoodorwineisenhancedenjoymentofasportisintensified.AndFrenchfriendshipsaredividedintocategories.Amanmayplaychesswithafriendforthirtyyearswithoutknowinghispoliticalopinionorhemaytalkpoliticswithhimforalongtimewithoutknowingabouthispersonallife.Differentfriendsfilldifferentnichesineachperson’slife.43____________________________________Thesedutiesalsoseriousandrequiredareprimarilyforrelatives.Menwhoarefriendsmaymeetinacaf6.Intellectualfriendsmaymeetinlargegroupsforeveningsofconversation.Workingpeoplemaymeetatthelittlebistrowheretheydrinkandtalkfarfromthefamily.44_____________________________.InthepastinFrancefriendshipsofthiskindseldomwereopentoanybutintellectualwomen.45______________________.ThespecialrelationshipoffriendshipisbasedonwhattheFrenchvaluemost-onthemindonhavingthesameoutlookonvividaawarenessofsomechosenareaoflife. [A]Thesefriendshipsarenotmadepartoffamilylife.Afriendisnotexpectedtospendeveningsbeingnicetochildrenorcourteoustoadeafgrandmother. [B]AFrenchmanexplains"IfIweretosaytoyouinFrance’Thisismygoodfriend’thatpersonwouldnotbeasclosetomeassomeoneaboutwhomIsaidonly’Thisismyfriend.’AnyoneaboutwhomIhavetosaymoreisreallyless." [C]Sincemostwomen’slivescenteredontheirhomestheirwarmestrelationswithotherwomenoftenwentbacktotheirgirlhood. [D]Marriagedoesnotaffectsuchfriendship;wivesdon’thavetobetakenintoaccount. [E]Frenchwomenlaughattheideathat"womencan’tbefriends"buttheyalsoadmitsometimesthatforwomen"itisadifferentthing" [F]BetweenFrenchfriendswhohavechoseneachotherforthesimilarityoftheirpointofviewlivelydisagreementandsharpnessofargumentarethebreathoflife. [G]Afriendissomeonewhodrawsoutyourownbestqualitieswithwhomyousparkleandbecomemoreofwhateverthefriendshipdrawsupon. 41
PartBDirections:Inthefollowingtextsomesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblank.Therearetwoextrachoiceswhichdonotfitinanyoftheblanks.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.10pointsInFranceasinmanyEuropeancountriesfriendsgenerallyareofthesamesexandfriendshipisseenasbasicallyarelationshipbetweenmen.41___________________.AndmanyFrenchpeopledoubtthepossibilityofafriendshipbetweenamanandawoman.Thereisalsothekindofrelationshipwithinagroup-menandwomenwhohaveworkedtogetherforalongtimewhomaybeveryclosesharinggreatloyaltyandwarmthoffeeling.Theymaycalloneanother-copains-awordthatinEnglishbecomes"friends"buthasmorethefeelingof"pals"or"buddies".InFrencheyesthisisnotfriendshipalthoughtwomembersofsuchagroupmaywellbefriends.FortheFrenchfriendshipisone-to-onerelationshipthatdemandsakeenawarenessoftheotherperson’sintellecttemperamentandparticularinterests.42_________________________.Yourpoliticalphilosophyassumesmoredepthappreciationofaplaybecomessharpertasteinfoodorwineisenhancedenjoymentofasportisintensified.AndFrenchfriendshipsaredividedintocategories.Amanmayplaychesswithafriendforthirtyyearswithoutknowinghispoliticalopinionorhemaytalkpoliticswithhimforalongtimewithoutknowingabouthispersonallife.Differentfriendsfilldifferentnichesineachperson’slife.43____________________________________Thesedutiesalsoseriousandrequiredareprimarilyforrelatives.Menwhoarefriendsmaymeetinacaf6.Intellectualfriendsmaymeetinlargegroupsforeveningsofconversation.Workingpeoplemaymeetatthelittlebistrowheretheydrinkandtalkfarfromthefamily.44_____________________________.InthepastinFrancefriendshipsofthiskindseldomwereopentoanybutintellectualwomen.45______________________.ThespecialrelationshipoffriendshipisbasedonwhattheFrenchvaluemost-onthemindonhavingthesameoutlookonvividaawarenessofsomechosenareaoflife. [A]Thesefriendshipsarenotmadepartoffamilylife.Afriendisnotexpectedtospendeveningsbeingnicetochildrenorcourteoustoadeafgrandmother. [B]AFrenchmanexplains"IfIweretosaytoyouinFrance’Thisismygoodfriend’thatpersonwouldnotbeasclosetomeassomeoneaboutwhomIsaidonly’Thisismyfriend.’AnyoneaboutwhomIhavetosaymoreisreallyless." [C]Sincemostwomen’slivescenteredontheirhomestheirwarmestrelationswithotherwomenoftenwentbacktotheirgirlhood. [D]Marriagedoesnotaffectsuchfriendship;wivesdon’thavetobetakenintoaccount. [E]Frenchwomenlaughattheideathat"womencan’tbefriends"buttheyalsoadmitsometimesthatforwomen"itisadifferentthing" [F]BetweenFrenchfriendswhohavechoseneachotherforthesimilarityoftheirpointofviewlivelydisagreementandsharpnessofargumentarethebreathoflife. [G]Afriendissomeonewhodrawsoutyourownbestqualitieswithwhomyousparkleandbecomemoreofwhateverthefriendshipdrawsupon. 43
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDontheANSWERSHEET1.10pointsLargecompaniesneedawaytoreachthesavingsofthepublicatlarge.The1problemorasmallscalefaces2everycompanytryingtodevelopnewproductsandcreatenewjobs.Therecanbelittleprospectof3thesumsneededfromfriendsandpeopleweknow.And4banksmayagreetoprovideshort-termfinance.Theyaregenerallyunwillingtoprovidemoneyona5basisforlong-term6.Socompanies7thepublicinvitingpeopletolendthemmoneyortakeashareinfutureprofits.Thistheydoby8stocksandsharesoftheirbusinessinastock9.Bydoingsotheycan10andusethesavingsofindividualsandinstitutionsbothathomeandoverseaswhentheinventorneedshismoneybackhedoesnothavetogothecompanywithwhomhe11placedit.12hesellshissharesthrougha13tosomeotherpersonwhoisseekingtoinvesthismoneymanyoftheservicesneeded14byindustryandbyeachofusareprovidedbythegovernmentorbylocal15Withouthospitalsroadselectricitytelephonesrailwaysetcthiscountrycouldnot16.Alltheserequirecontinuousspendingonnewequipmentandnewdevelopmentiftheyaretoserveusproperlyrequiringmoremoneythatisraisedthroughtaxesalone.Thegovernmentlocalauthoritiesandnationalizedindustries17frequentlyneedtoborrowmoneyto18majorcapitalspendingandtheytoocometoastockexchange.Thereishardlyamanorwomaninthiscountry19jobandstandardoflivingdoesnotdependontheabilityofhisorheremployerstoraisemoneytofinancenewdevelopment.Inonewayoranotherthisnewmoneymustcomefromtheinvestmentfundsofthecountry.Stockexchangesexisttoprovidea20throughwhichthesefundscanreachthosewhoneedfinancing. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.18
1asincereapology 2anexplanationforthetrouble 3anoffertoreplacethebook Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use"LiMing"instead.Youdonotneedtowritetheaddress.10points
Text4Penny-pinchingconsumersandfiercepricewarsarebadnewsforthetravelindustry.Badthatisforeveryoneexcepttheboomingonlinetravelgiants.ConsiderthesharpreboundofsuchonlineplayersasTravelocityandExpedia.WhiletheysufferedinthewakeoftheSeptember11terroristattackswithbookingsoffasmuchas70%0intheweeksthatfollowedbusinesshassnappedback."Thespeedwithwhichthosebusinessesbouncedbacksurprisedeventhepeoplemostbullishaboutthesector"saysMitchellJ.RubinamoneymanageratNewYork-basedBaronCapitalaninvestorinonlinetravelstocks.Thetravelindustry’spainisoftentheonlineindustry’sgainassupplierspushmorediscountedairlineseatsandhotelroomstowinbackcustomers.Andmanyofthosedealsareavailableonlyonline.Atthesametimeonlineagenciesrelyprimarilyonleisuretravelerswheretraffichasreboundedmorequicklythanonthebusinessside.ThetwobiggestplayersTravelocity.ComInc.andExpediaIncarelockedincombatforthetopspot.Bothsoldsome$3billionworthoftravellastyearthoughExpediatoppedTravelocityinthefourthquarteringrossbookings.AndthanksinparttoagreateremphasisonwholesaledealswithsuppliersExpediaismoreprofitable.ForthequarterendedinDecemberExpediaposteditsfirstnetprofit$5.2millionevenwithnoncashandnonrecurringchargescomparedwithTravelocity’s$25millionloss.Theairlines’latestcost-cuttingmovesmayonlyspurtheonlinestampede.MajorcarriersareeliminatingtravelagentcommissionsintheU.S.ThatcouldleadtogrowingservicechargesforconsumersattraditionalagenciesdrivingstillmoretravelerstotheWeb.JupiterMediaMetrixispredictingthatonlinetravelsalesintheU.S.willjump29%to$31billionthisyearandto$50billionby2005.Abouthalfofthatisfromairlines’andothersuppliers’ownWebsitesbutthatstillleavesplentyofroomfortheonlineagents.Thisgrowingmarketisdrawingplentyofcompetitionandnewplayers.HotelandcarrentalfranchiserCendantCorp.snappedupCheapTicketslastOctober.BarryDiller’sUSANetworksInc.boughtacontrollingstakeinExpedia.AndagroupofhotelsincludingHiltonHotelsandHyattCorp.arelaunchingtheirownbusinessthissummertomarkethotelroomsontheNet.IsthefieldtoocrowdedAnalystsandonlineagenciesaren’tworriedfiguringthatthere’splentyofnewbusinesstogoaround.Butfornowtheclearwinnersareconsumerswhocancountonfindingbetterserviceandbetterdealsonline. Whobenefitedthemostfromthecompetitionamongtravelagencies
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDontheANSWERSHEET1.10pointsLargecompaniesneedawaytoreachthesavingsofthepublicatlarge.The1problemorasmallscalefaces2everycompanytryingtodevelopnewproductsandcreatenewjobs.Therecanbelittleprospectof3thesumsneededfromfriendsandpeopleweknow.And4banksmayagreetoprovideshort-termfinance.Theyaregenerallyunwillingtoprovidemoneyona5basisforlong-term6.Socompanies7thepublicinvitingpeopletolendthemmoneyortakeashareinfutureprofits.Thistheydoby8stocksandsharesoftheirbusinessinastock9.Bydoingsotheycan10andusethesavingsofindividualsandinstitutionsbothathomeandoverseaswhentheinventorneedshismoneybackhedoesnothavetogothecompanywithwhomhe11placedit.12hesellshissharesthrougha13tosomeotherpersonwhoisseekingtoinvesthismoneymanyoftheservicesneeded14byindustryandbyeachofusareprovidedbythegovernmentorbylocal15Withouthospitalsroadselectricitytelephonesrailwaysetcthiscountrycouldnot16.Alltheserequirecontinuousspendingonnewequipmentandnewdevelopmentiftheyaretoserveusproperlyrequiringmoremoneythatisraisedthroughtaxesalone.Thegovernmentlocalauthoritiesandnationalizedindustries17frequentlyneedtoborrowmoneyto18majorcapitalspendingandtheytoocometoastockexchange.Thereishardlyamanorwomaninthiscountry19jobandstandardoflivingdoesnotdependontheabilityofhisorheremployerstoraisemoneytofinancenewdevelopment.Inonewayoranotherthisnewmoneymustcomefromtheinvestmentfundsofthecountry.Stockexchangesexisttoprovidea20throughwhichthesefundscanreachthosewhoneedfinancing. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.4
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDontheANSWERSHEET1.10pointsLargecompaniesneedawaytoreachthesavingsofthepublicatlarge.The1problemorasmallscalefaces2everycompanytryingtodevelopnewproductsandcreatenewjobs.Therecanbelittleprospectof3thesumsneededfromfriendsandpeopleweknow.And4banksmayagreetoprovideshort-termfinance.Theyaregenerallyunwillingtoprovidemoneyona5basisforlong-term6.Socompanies7thepublicinvitingpeopletolendthemmoneyortakeashareinfutureprofits.Thistheydoby8stocksandsharesoftheirbusinessinastock9.Bydoingsotheycan10andusethesavingsofindividualsandinstitutionsbothathomeandoverseaswhentheinventorneedshismoneybackhedoesnothavetogothecompanywithwhomhe11placedit.12hesellshissharesthrougha13tosomeotherpersonwhoisseekingtoinvesthismoneymanyoftheservicesneeded14byindustryandbyeachofusareprovidedbythegovernmentorbylocal15Withouthospitalsroadselectricitytelephonesrailwaysetcthiscountrycouldnot16.Alltheserequirecontinuousspendingonnewequipmentandnewdevelopmentiftheyaretoserveusproperlyrequiringmoremoneythatisraisedthroughtaxesalone.Thegovernmentlocalauthoritiesandnationalizedindustries17frequentlyneedtoborrowmoneyto18majorcapitalspendingandtheytoocometoastockexchange.Thereishardlyamanorwomaninthiscountry19jobandstandardoflivingdoesnotdependontheabilityofhisorheremployerstoraisemoneytofinancenewdevelopment.Inonewayoranotherthisnewmoneymustcomefromtheinvestmentfundsofthecountry.Stockexchangesexisttoprovidea20throughwhichthesefundscanreachthosewhoneedfinancing. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.12
SectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readingthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.40pointsText1AftertheterroristattacksinAmericalastSeptemberterroristriskbecamethepariahofperils.Theairlineindustrywasmostdirectlyaffectedbytheattacksanditwasthefirsttofindthatnoonewantedtoinsureterroristrisk.Insurancecompaniesimmediatelyincreasedpremiumsandcutcoverforairlines’third-partyterrorandwarliabilitiesto$50mperairlineper"event".UnderpressurefromairlinestheAmericangovernmentandthemembersoftheEuropeanUnionagreedtobecomeinsurersoflastresortforairlines’warandterroristliabilitiesforalimitedperiod.Thesegovernmentguaranteesareduetoexpireattheendofthemonth.TheAmericangovernmenthasalreadyagreedtoextenditsguaranteeforanother60days.TheEU’stransportministersaremeetingnextweekinBrusselstodecidewhattodo.Insurersandre-insurersarekeenforthecommercialmarkettoresumetheprovisionofallairlineinsuranceassoonaspossible.Nowonder:Thepremiumsforsuchcoverhaveinevitablyincreasedconsiderably.Howeverinthecaseofterrorismandespeciallyofterrorismintheskiesanumberofspecialfactorsarise.Somearepurelypractical:adisasterassuddenandunforeseenastheattacksontheWorldTradeCenterhashaddestructiveeffectsontheinsuranceindustry.Themaximumcoverforthird-partyterroristriskavailableintheprimaryaviationmarketisnow$50mandthatisnotnearlyenoughcoverrisksthatareperceivedtobemuchhighersinceSeptemberllth.Evenifthemarketcouldoffersufficientcoveranothercatastropheonsuchascalewouldbemorethanthemarketcouldcopewith.Inadditionarareanddevastatingriskofapoliticalnatureisarguablyonethatitisrightforgovernmentstocoveratleastinpart.InthewakeofattacksbyIrishterroriststheBritishgovernmenthasrecognizedthispointbyagreeingtobackamutualfundtocoverriskstopropertyfromterroristattack.Inthecaseoftheairlinestheappropriateanswerissomeformofmutualschemewithgovernmentbacking.Infactunderthecode-name"Equitime"representativesofairlinesinsurersandtheAmericangovernmentaresettingupaninsurancevehicletobefinancedbyairlinesandreinsuredbythegovernment.Governmentswouldguaranteethefund’sexcessriskbuttheirrolewoulddiminishasthefundgrew.SettingsomethingupwilltaketimeSotobridgethegapgovernmentswillhavetoremaininsureroflastresortforairlines’warandterroristriskforsometimetocome. Whenmentioning$50mperairlineper'event'Paragraph1thewriteristalkingabout
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Text3Itmayturnoutthatthe"digitaldivide"--oneofthemostfashionablepoliticalslogansofrecentyears--islargelyfiction.Asyouwillrecalltheargumentwentwellbe-yondtheunsurprisingnotionthattherichwouldownmorecomputersthanthepoor.Thedisturbingpartofthetheorywasthatsocietywasdividingitselfintogroupsoftechnology"haves"and"have-nots"andthatthissegregationwouldinturnworsenalreadylargeeconomicinequalities.Itisthisargumentthatiseitheruntrueorwildlyexaggerated.Weshouldalwayshavebeensuspicious.Afterallcomputershavespreadquicklybecausetheyhavebecomecheapertobuyandeasiertouse.Fallingpricesandskillrequirementssuggestthatthedigitaldividewouldspontaneouslyshrink--andsoithas.Nowanewstudyfurtherdiscreditsthedigitaldivide.ThestudybyeconomistsDavidCardoftheUniversityofCaliforniaBerkeleychallengesthenotionthatcomputershavesignificantlyworsenedwageinequality.Thelogicofhowthissupposedlyhappensisstraightforward:computersraisethedemandforhigh-skilledworkersincreasingtheirwages.Meanwhilecomputerization--byautomatingmanyroutinetasks--reducesthedemandforlow-skilledworkersandtherebytheirwages.Thegapbetweenthetwowidens.Superficiallywagestatisticssupportthetheory.Considertheratiobetweenworkersnearthetopofthewagedistributionandthosenearthebottom.Computerizationincreased;sodidthewagegap.ButwaitpointoutCardandDiNardo.Thetroublewithblamingcomputersisthattheworseningofinequalityoccurredprimarilyintheearly1980s.Withcomputerusegrowingthewagegapshouldhavecontinuedtoexpandifitwasbeingdrivenbyashiftingdemandforskills.IndeedCardandDiNardofindmuchdetailedevidencethatcontradictsthetheory.Theyconcludethatcomputerizationdoesnotexplain"theriseinU.S.wageinequalityinthelastquarterofthe20thcentury."Thepopularperceptionofcomputers’impactonwagesishugelyoverblown.Lotsofotherinfluencescountforasmuchormore.Theworseningofwageinequalityintheearly1980sforexamplealmostcertainlyreflectedthedeep1981-82recessionandthefallofinflation.Companiesfoundithardertoraiseprices.Tosurvivetheyconcludedthattheyhadtoholddownthewagesoftheirleastskilledleastmobileandyoungestworkers.The"digitaldivide"suggestedasimplesolutioncomputersforacomplexproblempoverty.Withmorecomputeraccessthepoorcouldescapetheirlot.Butcomputersneverwerethesourceofanyone’spovertyandasforescapingwhatpeopledoforthemselvesmattersmorethanwhattechnologycandoforthem. Theauthorseemstobelievethatwidenedwagegapcanbeattributedto
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDontheANSWERSHEET1.10pointsLargecompaniesneedawaytoreachthesavingsofthepublicatlarge.The1problemorasmallscalefaces2everycompanytryingtodevelopnewproductsandcreatenewjobs.Therecanbelittleprospectof3thesumsneededfromfriendsandpeopleweknow.And4banksmayagreetoprovideshort-termfinance.Theyaregenerallyunwillingtoprovidemoneyona5basisforlong-term6.Socompanies7thepublicinvitingpeopletolendthemmoneyortakeashareinfutureprofits.Thistheydoby8stocksandsharesoftheirbusinessinastock9.Bydoingsotheycan10andusethesavingsofindividualsandinstitutionsbothathomeandoverseaswhentheinventorneedshismoneybackhedoesnothavetogothecompanywithwhomhe11placedit.12hesellshissharesthrougha13tosomeotherpersonwhoisseekingtoinvesthismoneymanyoftheservicesneeded14byindustryandbyeachofusareprovidedbythegovernmentorbylocal15Withouthospitalsroadselectricitytelephonesrailwaysetcthiscountrycouldnot16.Alltheserequirecontinuousspendingonnewequipmentandnewdevelopmentiftheyaretoserveusproperlyrequiringmoremoneythatisraisedthroughtaxesalone.Thegovernmentlocalauthoritiesandnationalizedindustries17frequentlyneedtoborrowmoneyto18majorcapitalspendingandtheytoocometoastockexchange.Thereishardlyamanorwomaninthiscountry19jobandstandardoflivingdoesnotdependontheabilityofhisorheremployerstoraisemoneytofinancenewdevelopment.Inonewayoranotherthisnewmoneymustcomefromtheinvestmentfundsofthecountry.Stockexchangesexisttoprovidea20throughwhichthesefundscanreachthosewhoneedfinancing. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.6
Text2TheEuropeanUnion’sBarcelonasummitwhichendedonMarch16thwasplayedoutagainsttheusualbackdropofnoisy"anti-globalisation"demonstrationsandmassivesecurity.IfnothingelsethedemonstrationsillustratedthateconomicliberalizationinEurope--themeeting’smaintopic--presentsgenuinepoliticaldifficulties.Influentialsectionsofpublicopinioncontinuetoopposeanythingthattheyimaginethreatens"socialEurope"theidealofacradle-to-gravewelfarestate.InthisclimateofpublicopinionitisnotsurprisingthattheoutcomeinBarcelonawasmodest.ThetotemicissuewasopeningupEurope’senergymarkets.TheFrenchgovernmenthasfoughthardtopreserveaprotectedmarketathome{oritsstate-ownednationalchampionElectricitedeFranceEDF.AtBarcelonaitmadeawell-flaggedtacticalretreat.Thesummiteersconcludedthatfrom2004industrialusersacrossEuropewouldbeabletochoosefromcompetingenergysupplierswhichshouldaccountfor"atleast"600%ofthemarket.SinceEurope’senergymarketisworth350billion$309Billionayearandaffectsjustabouteverybusinessthisisabreakthrough.Buteventheenergydealhasdisappointingaspects.Confiningcompetitiontobusinessusersmakesithardertoshowthateconomicliberalizationisthefriendratherthanthefoeoftheordinaryperson.ItalsoallowsEDFtokeepitsmonopolyinthemostprofitablechunkoftheFrenchmarket.InotherareasespeciallytodowithEurope’stoughlabormarketstheEUisactuallygoingbackwards.Thesummiteersdeclaredthat"disincentivesagainsttakingupjobs"shouldberemoved;20mjobsshouldbecreatedwithintheEUby2010.ButonlythreedaysafteraBarcelonajamboreetheEuropeanCommissionendorsedanewlawthatwouldgivealltemporary-agencyworkersthesamerightsasfull-timerswithinsixweeksofgettingtheirfeetunderthedesk.Sixoutof20commissionersdidunusuallyvoteagainstthemeasure--ablatantpieceofre-regulation--butthesocialaffairscommissionerAnnaDiamantopoulouwasunrepentantindeedtriumphant.Adissatsifiedliberaliserinthecommissioncalledthedirective"anabsolutedisaster".Thesummit’sotherachievementsarestillmorefragile.Europe’sleaderspromisedtoincreasespendingon"researchanddevelopment"fromitscurrentfigureof1.9%ofGDPayearto3%.ButhowwillEuropeanpoliticianscompelbusinessestoinvestmoreinresearchNobodyseemstoknow.AndtheonebigresearchprojectagreedonatBarcelonatheGalileosatellite-positioningsystemwhichissupposedtocost3.2billionofpublicmoneyisofdubiouscommercialvaluesincetheEuropeansalreadyenjoyfreeaccesstotheAmericans’GPAsystem.EdwardBannermanheadofeconomicsattheCentreforEuropeanReformaBlairitethink-tankcallsGalileo"thecommonagriculturalpolicyinspace." WelearnfromthetextthatEdwardBannermanisprobably
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDontheANSWERSHEET1.10pointsLargecompaniesneedawaytoreachthesavingsofthepublicatlarge.The1problemorasmallscalefaces2everycompanytryingtodevelopnewproductsandcreatenewjobs.Therecanbelittleprospectof3thesumsneededfromfriendsandpeopleweknow.And4banksmayagreetoprovideshort-termfinance.Theyaregenerallyunwillingtoprovidemoneyona5basisforlong-term6.Socompanies7thepublicinvitingpeopletolendthemmoneyortakeashareinfutureprofits.Thistheydoby8stocksandsharesoftheirbusinessinastock9.Bydoingsotheycan10andusethesavingsofindividualsandinstitutionsbothathomeandoverseaswhentheinventorneedshismoneybackhedoesnothavetogothecompanywithwhomhe11placedit.12hesellshissharesthrougha13tosomeotherpersonwhoisseekingtoinvesthismoneymanyoftheservicesneeded14byindustryandbyeachofusareprovidedbythegovernmentorbylocal15Withouthospitalsroadselectricitytelephonesrailwaysetcthiscountrycouldnot16.Alltheserequirecontinuousspendingonnewequipmentandnewdevelopmentiftheyaretoserveusproperlyrequiringmoremoneythatisraisedthroughtaxesalone.Thegovernmentlocalauthoritiesandnationalizedindustries17frequentlyneedtoborrowmoneyto18majorcapitalspendingandtheytoocometoastockexchange.Thereishardlyamanorwomaninthiscountry19jobandstandardoflivingdoesnotdependontheabilityofhisorheremployerstoraisemoneytofinancenewdevelopment.Inonewayoranotherthisnewmoneymustcomefromtheinvestmentfundsofthecountry.Stockexchangesexisttoprovidea20throughwhichthesefundscanreachthosewhoneedfinancing. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10
Text4Penny-pinchingconsumersandfiercepricewarsarebadnewsforthetravelindustry.Badthatisforeveryoneexcepttheboomingonlinetravelgiants.ConsiderthesharpreboundofsuchonlineplayersasTravelocityandExpedia.WhiletheysufferedinthewakeoftheSeptember11terroristattackswithbookingsoffasmuchas70%0intheweeksthatfollowedbusinesshassnappedback."Thespeedwithwhichthosebusinessesbouncedbacksurprisedeventhepeoplemostbullishaboutthesector"saysMitchellJ.RubinamoneymanageratNewYork-basedBaronCapitalaninvestorinonlinetravelstocks.Thetravelindustry’spainisoftentheonlineindustry’sgainassupplierspushmorediscountedairlineseatsandhotelroomstowinbackcustomers.Andmanyofthosedealsareavailableonlyonline.Atthesametimeonlineagenciesrelyprimarilyonleisuretravelerswheretraffichasreboundedmorequicklythanonthebusinessside.ThetwobiggestplayersTravelocity.ComInc.andExpediaIncarelockedincombatforthetopspot.Bothsoldsome$3billionworthoftravellastyearthoughExpediatoppedTravelocityinthefourthquarteringrossbookings.AndthanksinparttoagreateremphasisonwholesaledealswithsuppliersExpediaismoreprofitable.ForthequarterendedinDecemberExpediaposteditsfirstnetprofit$5.2millionevenwithnoncashandnonrecurringchargescomparedwithTravelocity’s$25millionloss.Theairlines’latestcost-cuttingmovesmayonlyspurtheonlinestampede.MajorcarriersareeliminatingtravelagentcommissionsintheU.S.ThatcouldleadtogrowingservicechargesforconsumersattraditionalagenciesdrivingstillmoretravelerstotheWeb.JupiterMediaMetrixispredictingthatonlinetravelsalesintheU.S.willjump29%to$31billionthisyearandto$50billionby2005.Abouthalfofthatisfromairlines’andothersuppliers’ownWebsitesbutthatstillleavesplentyofroomfortheonlineagents.Thisgrowingmarketisdrawingplentyofcompetitionandnewplayers.HotelandcarrentalfranchiserCendantCorp.snappedupCheapTicketslastOctober.BarryDiller’sUSANetworksInc.boughtacontrollingstakeinExpedia.AndagroupofhotelsincludingHiltonHotelsandHyattCorp.arelaunchingtheirownbusinessthissummertomarkethotelroomsontheNet.IsthefieldtoocrowdedAnalystsandonlineagenciesaren’tworriedfiguringthatthere’splentyofnewbusinesstogoaround.Butfornowtheclearwinnersareconsumerswhocancountonfindingbetterserviceandbetterdealsonline. ThewordbullishParagraph1isclosestinmeaningto
PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.10pointsThediscoverylastweekofpossibleevidenceoflifeonMarshaselectrifieddebateoverwhethertheuniverseisabarrenvoidoranurserypregnantwithlife.Scientistswhohavecomestunninglyclosetorepeatinggenesisortheoriginoflifeinatesttubesaythebuildingblocksforlifeexisteverywhere.Thechallengeisputtingthemtogether.46"Theoriginoflifeisarelativelyeasyconceptandthere’sawidevarietyofconditionsunderwhichitwilltakeplace"saidlateStanleyMilleraprofessorattheUniversityofCaliforniaandapioneerinthefield."PerhapstheremarkablethingisthateventhoughMarsisnotafavorableenvironmenttheoriginoflifetookplace."Astronomershavefoundthatthesamegasespresentinoursolarsystemarepresentthroughouttheuniverse.47EffortstomakemicroscopiclifefromthesebasicelementsonEarthsuggeststhechanceoflifearisingundersimilarcircumstancesisthesameeverywheresaychemistsbiologistsandotherexperts."Itseemsfairlylikelythatlifesimilartooursifthereiswateravailable’"wouldevolveinotherenvironmentsinourgalaxyorouruniverse"saidJamesFerrisaleadingresearcherandeditorofthejournal"OriginsofLifeandEvolutionoftheBiosphere."Underlyingmuchoftheresearchisthequestion..WasthedevelopmentoflifeonEarthuniqueordidtheuniverse’schemicalelementsnaturallyevolveintolife48Theanswerappearstobethatatleastthechemicalreactionsthatsetthestageforearlylifewouldbesimilareverywherebutresultantlivingorganismswoulddifferbecauseofthegeneticmutationsinevolution."Ifyou’vegotthesamestartingmaterialsandthesameconditionsyou’regoingtogettheamecompoundsthat’sforsure"Millersaid."Therealquestioniswhetherornottherearechanceelementsintheformationoflife."49Ina1953experimentMillermixedbasicgasesapproximatingtheEarth’searlyatmospherewithanelectricchargeinsideaglasschamberandproducedaminoacidsaprimitivebuildingblockoflife.Hethensuggestedthatlifewasanaturalevolution.Itseemedthatsciencewasonthevergeofconjuringupcreationsinthelaboratorybutthenext43yearsweretopresentunexpectedchallenges.50"Makingtheaminoacidsmadeitseemliketherestofthestepswouldbeveryeasy;it’sturnedouttobemoredifficultthanIthoughtitwouldbe"Millersaidinaninterview. EffortstomakemicroscopiclifefromthesebasicelementsonEarthsuggeststhechanceoflifearisingundersimilarcircumstancesisthesameeverywheresaychemistsbiologistsandotherexperts.
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDontheANSWERSHEET1.10pointsLargecompaniesneedawaytoreachthesavingsofthepublicatlarge.The1problemorasmallscalefaces2everycompanytryingtodevelopnewproductsandcreatenewjobs.Therecanbelittleprospectof3thesumsneededfromfriendsandpeopleweknow.And4banksmayagreetoprovideshort-termfinance.Theyaregenerallyunwillingtoprovidemoneyona5basisforlong-term6.Socompanies7thepublicinvitingpeopletolendthemmoneyortakeashareinfutureprofits.Thistheydoby8stocksandsharesoftheirbusinessinastock9.Bydoingsotheycan10andusethesavingsofindividualsandinstitutionsbothathomeandoverseaswhentheinventorneedshismoneybackhedoesnothavetogothecompanywithwhomhe11placedit.12hesellshissharesthrougha13tosomeotherpersonwhoisseekingtoinvesthismoneymanyoftheservicesneeded14byindustryandbyeachofusareprovidedbythegovernmentorbylocal15Withouthospitalsroadselectricitytelephonesrailwaysetcthiscountrycouldnot16.Alltheserequirecontinuousspendingonnewequipmentandnewdevelopmentiftheyaretoserveusproperlyrequiringmoremoneythatisraisedthroughtaxesalone.Thegovernmentlocalauthoritiesandnationalizedindustries17frequentlyneedtoborrowmoneyto18majorcapitalspendingandtheytoocometoastockexchange.Thereishardlyamanorwomaninthiscountry19jobandstandardoflivingdoesnotdependontheabilityofhisorheremployerstoraisemoneytofinancenewdevelopment.Inonewayoranotherthisnewmoneymustcomefromtheinvestmentfundsofthecountry.Stockexchangesexisttoprovidea20throughwhichthesefundscanreachthosewhoneedfinancing. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.4
Text3Itmayturnoutthatthe"digitaldivide"--oneofthemostfashionablepoliticalslogansofrecentyears--islargelyfiction.Asyouwillrecalltheargumentwentwellbe-yondtheunsurprisingnotionthattherichwouldownmorecomputersthanthepoor.Thedisturbingpartofthetheorywasthatsocietywasdividingitselfintogroupsoftechnology"haves"and"have-nots"andthatthissegregationwouldinturnworsenalreadylargeeconomicinequalities.Itisthisargumentthatiseitheruntrueorwildlyexaggerated.Weshouldalwayshavebeensuspicious.Afterallcomputershavespreadquicklybecausetheyhavebecomecheapertobuyandeasiertouse.Fallingpricesandskillrequirementssuggestthatthedigitaldividewouldspontaneouslyshrink--andsoithas.Nowanewstudyfurtherdiscreditsthedigitaldivide.ThestudybyeconomistsDavidCardoftheUniversityofCaliforniaBerkeleychallengesthenotionthatcomputershavesignificantlyworsenedwageinequality.Thelogicofhowthissupposedlyhappensisstraightforward:computersraisethedemandforhigh-skilledworkersincreasingtheirwages.Meanwhilecomputerization--byautomatingmanyroutinetasks--reducesthedemandforlow-skilledworkersandtherebytheirwages.Thegapbetweenthetwowidens.Superficiallywagestatisticssupportthetheory.Considertheratiobetweenworkersnearthetopofthewagedistributionandthosenearthebottom.Computerizationincreased;sodidthewagegap.ButwaitpointoutCardandDiNardo.Thetroublewithblamingcomputersisthattheworseningofinequalityoccurredprimarilyintheearly1980s.Withcomputerusegrowingthewagegapshouldhavecontinuedtoexpandifitwasbeingdrivenbyashiftingdemandforskills.IndeedCardandDiNardofindmuchdetailedevidencethatcontradictsthetheory.Theyconcludethatcomputerizationdoesnotexplain"theriseinU.S.wageinequalityinthelastquarterofthe20thcentury."Thepopularperceptionofcomputers’impactonwagesishugelyoverblown.Lotsofotherinfluencescountforasmuchormore.Theworseningofwageinequalityintheearly1980sforexamplealmostcertainlyreflectedthedeep1981-82recessionandthefallofinflation.Companiesfoundithardertoraiseprices.Tosurvivetheyconcludedthattheyhadtoholddownthewagesoftheirleastskilledleastmobileandyoungestworkers.The"digitaldivide"suggestedasimplesolutioncomputersforacomplexproblempoverty.Withmorecomputeraccessthepoorcouldescapetheirlot.Butcomputersneverwerethesourceofanyone’spovertyandasforescapingwhatpeopledoforthemselvesmattersmorethanwhattechnologycandoforthem. Thepurposeoftheauthorinwritingthetextis
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