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把文学作品的本文由表及里分成声音层面，意义层面，人物、事物、背景层面，观点层面和形而上学五个层面的是（）。
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历史上关于文学作品的本文层次的划分有哪些35文学作品的本文是指作者写出的有待阅读的单个文学作品本身在
形式主义理论研究的主要对象是
文学作品与其所反映的自然、社会生活之间的关系
文学作品与作家心理的关系
文学作品与读者之间的关系
文学文本内部的结构或者说层面
文学文本—作品可以概括为三个层面形象图式层面和
由语言符号的字面意义所构成的形象也即在文学文本中呈现的虚拟的客观世界本身是指
语音层面
意蕴层面
形象层面
意象层面
文学作品的形式是指具体表现文学作品内容的内部结构和
人物形象
表现手段
故事情节
语言技巧
文学作品的意义或价值的实现不能脱离它和的关系当文学作品孤立存在时其价值和功能此刻都处于潜在状态
是文本文字组成的实体存在是供接受主体阅读接受的包含相对独立的意义的实际语言形态
文学作品
文学形象
文学文本
文学语言
文学文本的语言层面是文学文本最外在的层面也是文学文本基本的存在方式它为文学作品的和的实现提供了现实的
文学意蕴层面是指本文所蕴涵的思想感情等各种内容是本文的纵身层次又分为三个层面一是与
简述文学作品教学的意义
文学作品的本文是指作者写出的单个文学作品本身
对文学作品的接受包括两个方面对文学作品的层面的消费和层面的接受
学生阅读文学作品和人物传记的兴趣是什么有什么意义
文学作品的本文层次包括些什么内容
文学文本的语言层面是文学文本最外在的层面也是文学文本基本的存在方式它为文学作品的实现提供了现实的基础
语言层面
意蕴层面
语义层面
语音层面
形象
文学语言层面是文学文本—作品的基本层面之一和是这一层面的两上主要因素
简述文学作品向文学文本转换的理论意义
历史上关于文学作品的本文层次的划分有哪些
波兰的英加登在文学的艺术作品一书中认为构成文学作品的四个最为基本的层面是
形而上学层
意义单元层
再现的客体层
语音层
图式化的外观层
08年南开区质量调查二阅读下面的文字完成5―7题韦勒克文学理论的核心是强调文学是一个复杂的多层次的艺
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EAdvertiserstendtothinkbigandperhapsthisiswhythey’realwayscominginforcriticism.Theircriticsseemtoresentthembecausetheyhaveaflairforselfpromotionandbecausetheyhavesomuchmoneytothrowaround.“It’siniquitous”theysay“thatthisentirelyunproductiveindustryifwecancallitthatshouldabsorbmillionsofpoundseachyear.Itonlygoestoshowhowmuchprofitthebigcompaniesaremaking.Whydon’ttheystopadvertisingandreducethepriceoftheirgoodsAfterallit’stheconsumerwhopays...”Thepooroldconsumer!He’dhavetopayagreatdealmoreifadvertisingdidn’tcreatemassmarketsforproducts.Itispreciselybecauseoftheheavyadvertisingthatconsumergoodsaresocheap.Butwegetthewrongideaifwethinktheonlypurposeofadvertisingistosellgoods.Anotherequallyimportantfunctionistoinform.Agreatdealoftheknowledgewehaveabouthouseholdgoodsderiveslargelyfromtheadvertisementsweread.Advertisementsintroduceustonewproductsorremindusoftheexistenceoftheoneswealreadyknowabout.Supposingyouwantedtobuyawashingmachineitismorethanlikelyyouwouldobtaindetailsregardingperformancepriceetc.fromanadvertisement.Lotsofpeoplepretendthattheyneverreadadvertisementsbutthisclaimmaybeseriouslydoubted.Itishardlypossiblenottoreadadvertisementsthesedays.Andwhatfuntheyoftenaretoo!Justthinkwhatarailwaystationoranewspaperwouldbelikewithoutadvertisements.WouldyouenjoygazingatablankwallorreadingrailwaybylawswhilewaitingforatrainWouldyouliketoreadonlycloselyprintedcolumnsofnewsinyourdailypaperAcheerfulwittyadvertisementmakessuchadifferencetoadrabwalloranewspaperfullofthedailyrationofcalamities.Wemustnotforgeteitherthatadvertisingmakesapositivecontributiontoourpockets.Newspaperscommercialradioandtelevisioncompaniescouldnotsubsistwithoutthissourceofrevenue.Thefactthatwepaysolittleforourdailypaperorcanenjoysomanybroadcastprogramsisdueentirelytothemoneyspentbyadvertisers.Justthinkwhatanewspaperwouldcostifwehadtopayitsfullprice!Anotherthingwemustn’tforgetisthe“smallads”whichareinvirtuallyeverynewspaperandmagazine.Whatatremendouslyusefulservicetheyperformforthecommunity!Justaboutanythingcanbeaccomplishedthroughthesecolumns.Forinstanceyoucanfindajobbuyorsellahouseannounceabirthmarriageordeathinwhatusedtobecalledthe“hatchmatchanddispatch”columnbutbyfarthemostfascinatingsectionisthepersonalor“agony”column.Nootheriteminanewspaperprovidessuchentertainingreadingorofferssuchadeepinsightintohumannature.It’sthebestadvertisementforadvertisingthereis! Whydothecriticscriticizeadvertisers
Hispackagelooksprettypeoplewillbuyjustaboutanything.SosaysanadvertisingexecutiveinNewYorkandhehasprovedhispointbysellingboxesofrubbishforthepriceofanexpensivebottleofwine.JustinGignac26hassoldalmost9001presentedplasticboxesofrubbishfromthestreetoftheBigAppleatbetween＄50and＄100each.Buyersfrom19countrieshavepaidforthesouvenirs纪念品.Theideahasbeensosuccessfulthatheisthinkingofpromotingitaroundtheworld.ItallbeganwhenMr.Gignacwasatasummerworkshop."Wehadadiscussionabouthisimportanceof2"herecalls."Someonesaidpackagingwasunimportant.Idisagreed.Theonlywaytoproveitwasbysellingsomethingnobodywouldeverwant."HesearchesthestreetsofManhattanandtypical3includebrokenglasssubwayticketsStarbuckscupsandused4forks."Specialeditions"areofferedatahighprice.Hecharged＄100forrubbishfromtheopeningdayoftheNewYorkYankeesstadium.Mr.Gignacdenies5hiscustomersforfools:"Theyknowwhatthey'regetting.Theyappreciatethefactthatthey'retakingsomethingnobodywouldwantandfindingbeautyinit."Some6customersincludepeoplewhousedtoliveinthecityandwantadowntoearthsouvenir.Heclaimshehasevensoldtoartcollectors.RealizingthattheconceptappearstobearealmoneymakerMr.Gignachas7acompanyandisemployinghisgirlfriendasvicepresident.He8todiscusshisprofitmargins:"Itsactuallyquitealotofeffortputtingthemtogether-butyetgarbageisfree."Mr.Gignacisconsideringmorevarietiesofsouvenirs.Hemaintainsthathehassigned9withpeopleinterestedin10projectsfromasfarasBerlinandLondon. 第3空应选择
—DoyoumindifItheTVabit—YesIdobecauseI’mbusywithmyhomeworknow.
BWhenyouthinkofthetremendoustechnologicalprogresswehavemadeit’samazinghowlittlewehavedevelopedinotherrespects.WemayspeakcontemptuouslyofthepooroldRomansbecausetheyrelishedtheorgiesofslaughterthatwentonintheirarenas.Wemaydespisethembecausetheymistookthesegoingsonforentertainment.Wemayforgivethemcondescendinglybecausetheylived2000yearsagoandobviouslyknewnobetter.ButareourfeelingsofsuperiorityreallyjustifiedAreweanylessbloodthirstyWhydoboxingmatchesforinstanceattractsuchuniversalinterestDon’tthespectatorswhoattendthemhopetheywillseesomeviolenceHumanbeingsremainasbloodthirstyasevertheywere.TheonlydifferencebetweenourselvesandtheRomansisthatwhiletheywerehonestenoughtoadmitthattheyenjoyedwatchinghungrylionstearingpeopleapartandeatingthemalivewefindallsortsofsophisticatedargumentstodefendsportswhichshouldhavebeenbannedlongago;sportswhicharequiteasbarbarousassaypublichangingsorbearbaiting.Itreallyisincrediblethatinthisdayandageweshouldstillallowhuntingorbullfightingthatweshouldbepreparedtositbackandwatchtwomenbattereachothertopulpinaboxingringthatweshouldberelativelyunmovedbythesightofoneoranumberofracingcarscrashingandburstingintoflames.Letusnotdeceiveourselves.Anytalkof“thesportingspirit”issheerhypocrisy.Peopletakepartinviolentsportsbecauseofthehighrewardstheybring.Spectatorsarewillingtopayvastsumsofmoneytoseeviolence.Aworldheavyweightchampionshipmatchforinstanceisfrontpagenews.Millionsofpeoplearedisappointedifabigfightisoverintworoundsinsteadoffifteen.Theyfeeldisappointmentbecausetheyhavebeendeprivedoftheexquisitepleasureofwitnessingprolongedtortureandviolence.WhyshouldwebanviolentsportsifpeopleenjoythemsomuchYoumaywellask.Theanswerissimple:theyareuncivilized.Forcenturiesmanhasbeentryingtoimprovehimselfspirituallyandemotionally—admittedlywithlittlesuccess.Butatleastwenolongertoleratethesightofmadmenbeingcoopedupincagesorpublicfloggingsofanyofthecountlessotherbarbaricpracticeswhichwerecommoninthepast.Prisonsarenolongerthegrimforbiddingplacestheyusedtobe.Socialwelfaresystemsareinoperationinmanypartsoftheworld.Bigeffortsarebeingmadetodistributewealthfairly.Thesechangeshavecomeaboutnotbecausehumanbeingshavesuddenlyandunaccountablyimprovedbutbecausepositivestepsweretakentochangethelaw.Thelawisthebiggestinstrumentofsocialchangethatwehaveanditmayexertgreatcivilizinginfluence.Ifwebanneddangerousandviolentsportswewouldbemovingonestepfurthertoimprovingmankind.Wewouldrecognizethatviolenceisdegradingandunworthyofhumanbeings. Themainideaofthispassageis.
DRanch.ItwasnearLosAngelesinCalifornia.AfewyearslaterHollywoodwasoneofthefamousplacesintheworld.Atthebeginningofthe20thcenturytherewasabigfarmcalledHollywood.Fromthe1910’stothe1950’sHollywoodwasthefilmcenteroftheworld.Everyfamilyknewthenamesofitsfilmstars—CharlieChaplinGretaGarboBergmanandhundredsmore.ThereasonwhypeoplewenttoHollywoodtomakefilmswasthesun.AtfirstpeoplemadefilmsinNewYorkontheeastcoastoftheUnitedStates.ButthentheyheardaboutLosAngeleswherethereare350daysofthesuneveryyear.Astheymadeallthefilmsbysunlightthewestcoastwasamuchbetterplacetowork.AlsonearHollywoodyoucanfindmountainsandseaanddesert.Theydidnothavetotravelfartomakeanykindoffilm.WhenTVbecamepopularHollywoodstartedmakingfilmsfortelevision.Theninthe1970’stheydiscoveredpeoplestillwenttothecinematoseebigexpensivefilms.NowadaystheyarestillmakingfilmsinHollywoodandpeopleseethemallovertheworld. Inthe1910’sHollywoodbecamea.
EAdvertiserstendtothinkbigandperhapsthisiswhythey’realwayscominginforcriticism.Theircriticsseemtoresentthembecausetheyhaveaflairforselfpromotionandbecausetheyhavesomuchmoneytothrowaround.“It’siniquitous”theysay“thatthisentirelyunproductiveindustryifwecancallitthatshouldabsorbmillionsofpoundseachyear.Itonlygoestoshowhowmuchprofitthebigcompaniesaremaking.Whydon’ttheystopadvertisingandreducethepriceoftheirgoodsAfterallit’stheconsumerwhopays...”Thepooroldconsumer!He’dhavetopayagreatdealmoreifadvertisingdidn’tcreatemassmarketsforproducts.Itispreciselybecauseoftheheavyadvertisingthatconsumergoodsaresocheap.Butwegetthewrongideaifwethinktheonlypurposeofadvertisingistosellgoods.Anotherequallyimportantfunctionistoinform.Agreatdealoftheknowledgewehaveabouthouseholdgoodsderiveslargelyfromtheadvertisementsweread.Advertisementsintroduceustonewproductsorremindusoftheexistenceoftheoneswealreadyknowabout.Supposingyouwantedtobuyawashingmachineitismorethanlikelyyouwouldobtaindetailsregardingperformancepriceetc.fromanadvertisement.Lotsofpeoplepretendthattheyneverreadadvertisementsbutthisclaimmaybeseriouslydoubted.Itishardlypossiblenottoreadadvertisementsthesedays.Andwhatfuntheyoftenaretoo!Justthinkwhatarailwaystationoranewspaperwouldbelikewithoutadvertisements.WouldyouenjoygazingatablankwallorreadingrailwaybylawswhilewaitingforatrainWouldyouliketoreadonlycloselyprintedcolumnsofnewsinyourdailypaperAcheerfulwittyadvertisementmakessuchadifferencetoadrabwalloranewspaperfullofthedailyrationofcalamities.Wemustnotforgeteitherthatadvertisingmakesapositivecontributiontoourpockets.Newspaperscommercialradioandtelevisioncompaniescouldnotsubsistwithoutthissourceofrevenue.Thefactthatwepaysolittleforourdailypaperorcanenjoysomanybroadcastprogramsisdueentirelytothemoneyspentbyadvertisers.Justthinkwhatanewspaperwouldcostifwehadtopayitsfullprice!Anotherthingwemustn’tforgetisthe“smallads”whichareinvirtuallyeverynewspaperandmagazine.Whatatremendouslyusefulservicetheyperformforthecommunity!Justaboutanythingcanbeaccomplishedthroughthesecolumns.Forinstanceyoucanfindajobbuyorsellahouseannounceabirthmarriageordeathinwhatusedtobecalledthe“hatchmatchanddispatch”columnbutbyfarthemostfascinatingsectionisthepersonalor“agony”column.Nootheriteminanewspaperprovidessuchentertainingreadingorofferssuchadeepinsightintohumannature.It’sthebestadvertisementforadvertisingthereis! Whatisthemainideaofthispassage
EAdvertiserstendtothinkbigandperhapsthisiswhythey’realwayscominginforcriticism.Theircriticsseemtoresentthembecausetheyhaveaflairforselfpromotionandbecausetheyhavesomuchmoneytothrowaround.“It’siniquitous”theysay“thatthisentirelyunproductiveindustryifwecancallitthatshouldabsorbmillionsofpoundseachyear.Itonlygoestoshowhowmuchprofitthebigcompaniesaremaking.Whydon’ttheystopadvertisingandreducethepriceoftheirgoodsAfterallit’stheconsumerwhopays...”Thepooroldconsumer!He’dhavetopayagreatdealmoreifadvertisingdidn’tcreatemassmarketsforproducts.Itispreciselybecauseoftheheavyadvertisingthatconsumergoodsaresocheap.Butwegetthewrongideaifwethinktheonlypurposeofadvertisingistosellgoods.Anotherequallyimportantfunctionistoinform.Agreatdealoftheknowledgewehaveabouthouseholdgoodsderiveslargelyfromtheadvertisementsweread.Advertisementsintroduceustonewproductsorremindusoftheexistenceoftheoneswealreadyknowabout.Supposingyouwantedtobuyawashingmachineitismorethanlikelyyouwouldobtaindetailsregardingperformancepriceetc.fromanadvertisement.Lotsofpeoplepretendthattheyneverreadadvertisementsbutthisclaimmaybeseriouslydoubted.Itishardlypossiblenottoreadadvertisementsthesedays.Andwhatfuntheyoftenaretoo!Justthinkwhatarailwaystationoranewspaperwouldbelikewithoutadvertisements.WouldyouenjoygazingatablankwallorreadingrailwaybylawswhilewaitingforatrainWouldyouliketoreadonlycloselyprintedcolumnsofnewsinyourdailypaperAcheerfulwittyadvertisementmakessuchadifferencetoadrabwalloranewspaperfullofthedailyrationofcalamities.Wemustnotforgeteitherthatadvertisingmakesapositivecontributiontoourpockets.Newspaperscommercialradioandtelevisioncompaniescouldnotsubsistwithoutthissourceofrevenue.Thefactthatwepaysolittleforourdailypaperorcanenjoysomanybroadcastprogramsisdueentirelytothemoneyspentbyadvertisers.Justthinkwhatanewspaperwouldcostifwehadtopayitsfullprice!Anotherthingwemustn’tforgetisthe“smallads”whichareinvirtuallyeverynewspaperandmagazine.Whatatremendouslyusefulservicetheyperformforthecommunity!Justaboutanythingcanbeaccomplishedthroughthesecolumns.Forinstanceyoucanfindajobbuyorsellahouseannounceabirthmarriageordeathinwhatusedtobecalledthe“hatchmatchanddispatch”columnbutbyfarthemostfascinatingsectionisthepersonalor“agony”column.Nootheriteminanewspaperprovidessuchentertainingreadingorofferssuchadeepinsightintohumannature.It’sthebestadvertisementforadvertisingthereis! Thepassageis.
Hispackagelooksprettypeoplewillbuyjustaboutanything.SosaysanadvertisingexecutiveinNewYorkandhehasprovedhispointbysellingboxesofrubbishforthepriceofanexpensivebottleofwine.JustinGignac26hassoldalmost9001presentedplasticboxesofrubbishfromthestreetoftheBigAppleatbetween＄50and＄100each.Buyersfrom19countrieshavepaidforthesouvenirs纪念品.Theideahasbeensosuccessfulthatheisthinkingofpromotingitaroundtheworld.ItallbeganwhenMr.Gignacwasatasummerworkshop."Wehadadiscussionabouthisimportanceof2"herecalls."Someonesaidpackagingwasunimportant.Idisagreed.Theonlywaytoproveitwasbysellingsomethingnobodywouldeverwant."HesearchesthestreetsofManhattanandtypical3includebrokenglasssubwayticketsStarbuckscupsandused4forks."Specialeditions"areofferedatahighprice.Hecharged＄100forrubbishfromtheopeningdayoftheNewYorkYankeesstadium.Mr.Gignacdenies5hiscustomersforfools:"Theyknowwhatthey'regetting.Theyappreciatethefactthatthey'retakingsomethingnobodywouldwantandfindingbeautyinit."Some6customersincludepeoplewhousedtoliveinthecityandwantadowntoearthsouvenir.Heclaimshehasevensoldtoartcollectors.RealizingthattheconceptappearstobearealmoneymakerMr.Gignachas7acompanyandisemployinghisgirlfriendasvicepresident.He8todiscusshisprofitmargins:"Itsactuallyquitealotofeffortputtingthemtogether-butyetgarbageisfree."Mr.Gignacisconsideringmorevarietiesofsouvenirs.Hemaintainsthathehassigned9withpeopleinterestedin10projectsfromasfarasBerlinandLondon. 第13空应选择
Thegirllikesand.
CWhenIwaslookingforaChristmaspresentformydaughterinatoystoreanicelydressedlittlegirlwithsomemoneyinherlittlehandwaslookingatsomebeautifuldolls.Whenshesawadollshelikedshewouldaskherfatherifshehadenoughmoney.Heusuallysaidyes.Atthesametimeaboywitholdandsmallclotheswaslookingatsomevideogames.Hetoohadmoneyinhishandbutitlookednomorethanfivedollars.Eachtimehepickeduponeofthevideogamesandlookedathisfatherheshookhishead.Thelittlegirlhadchosenherdollaverybeautifulone.Howevershenoticedtheboyandhisfather.Shesawtheboygiveupavideogamewithdisappointment失望andwalktoanothercornerofthestore.Thelittlegirlputherdollbacktotheshelfandranovertothevideogame.Aftershetalkedtoherfathershepaidforthevideogameandwhispered耳语totheshopassistant.Sotheboygotthevideogamethathewantedforfree—hewastolditwasaprizefromthestore.Hesmiledhappilyalthoughhefeltitwassoincredible.Thegirlsawallthishappen.Shesmiledtoo.WhenIwalkedoutofthestoretomycarIheardthefatheraskhisdaughterwhyshehaddonethat.Iwouldneverforgettheirshorttalk.“Daddydidn’tGrandmawantmetobuysomethingthatwouldmakemehappy”Hesaid“Ofcourseshedid.”“WellIjustdid!”Withthatthelittlegirlstartedskipping蹦跳towardstheircarhappily. Thestoryhappenedina.
AWhereisLoveHowcanwefindLoveThepastagesofmanhaveallbeencarefullylabeledbyanthropologists.Descriptionslike“PaleolithicMan”“NeolithicMan”etc.neatlysumupthewholeperiods.Whenthetimecomesforanthropologiststoturntheirattentiontothetwentiethcenturytheywillsurelychoosethelabel“LeglessMan”.Historiesofthetimewillgosomethinglikethis:“inthetwentiethcenturypeopleforgothowtousetheirlegs.Menandwomenmovedaboutincarsbusesandtrainsfromaveryearlyage.Therewereliftsandescalatorsinalllargebuildingstopreventpeoplefromwalking.Thissituationwasforceduponearthdwellersofthattimebecauseofmileseachday.Butthesurprisingthingisthattheydidn’tusetheirlegsevenwhentheywentonholiday.Theybuiltcablerailwaysskiliftsandroadstothetopofeveryhugemountain.Allthebeautyspotsonearthweremarredbythepresenceoflargecarparks.”Thefuturehistorybooksmightalsorecordthatweweredeprivedoftheuseofoureyes.Inourhurrytogetfromoneplacetoanotherwefailedtoseeanythingontheway.Airtravelgivesyouabird’seyeviewoftheworld—orevenlessifthewingoftheaircrafthappenstogetinyourway.Whenyoutravelbycarortrainablurredimageofthecountrysideconstantlysmearsthewindows.Cardriversinparticularareforeverobsessedwiththeurgetogoonandon:theyneverwanttostop.IsitthelureofthegreatmotorwaysorwhatAndasforseatravelithardlydeservesmention.Itisperfectlysummedupinthewordsoftheoldsong:“IjoinedthenavytoseetheworldandwhatdidIseeIsawthesea.”Thetypicaltwentiethcenturytraveleristhemanwhoalwayssays“I’vebeenthere.”YoumentiontheremotestmostevocativeplacenamesintheworldlikeElDoradoKabulIrkutskandsomeoneisboundtosay“I’vebeenthere”—meaning“Idrovethroughitat100milesanhouronthewaytosomewhereelse.”Whenyoutravelathighspeedthepresentmeansnothing:youlivemainlyinthefuturebecauseyouspendmostofyourtimelookingforwardtoarrivingatsomeotherplace.Butactualarrivalwhenitisachievedismeaningless.Youwanttomoveonagain.Bytravelinglikethisyoususpendallexperience;thepresentceasestobeareality:youmightjustaswellbedead.Thetraveleronfootontheotherhandlivesconstantlyinthepresent.Forhimtravelingandarrivingareoneandthesamething:hearrivessomewherewitheverystephemakes.Heexperiencesthepresentmomentwithhiseyeshisearsandthewholeofhisbody.Attheendofhisjourneyhefeelsadeliciousphysicalweariness.Heknowsthatsound.Satisfyingsleepwillbehis:thejustrewardofalltruetravelers. Anthropologistslabelnowadays’menLeglessbecause.
Hispackagelooksprettypeoplewillbuyjustaboutanything.SosaysanadvertisingexecutiveinNewYorkandhehasprovedhispointbysellingboxesofrubbishforthepriceofanexpensivebottleofwine.JustinGignac26hassoldalmost9001presentedplasticboxesofrubbishfromthestreetoftheBigAppleatbetween＄50and＄100each.Buyersfrom19countrieshavepaidforthesouvenirs纪念品.Theideahasbeensosuccessfulthatheisthinkingofpromotingitaroundtheworld.ItallbeganwhenMr.Gignacwasatasummerworkshop."Wehadadiscussionabouthisimportanceof2"herecalls."Someonesaidpackagingwasunimportant.Idisagreed.Theonlywaytoproveitwasbysellingsomethingnobodywouldeverwant."HesearchesthestreetsofManhattanandtypical3includebrokenglasssubwayticketsStarbuckscupsandused4forks."Specialeditions"areofferedatahighprice.Hecharged＄100forrubbishfromtheopeningdayoftheNewYorkYankeesstadium.Mr.Gignacdenies5hiscustomersforfools:"Theyknowwhatthey'regetting.Theyappreciatethefactthatthey'retakingsomethingnobodywouldwantandfindingbeautyinit."Some6customersincludepeoplewhousedtoliveinthecityandwantadowntoearthsouvenir.Heclaimshehasevensoldtoartcollectors.RealizingthattheconceptappearstobearealmoneymakerMr.Gignachas7acompanyandisemployinghisgirlfriendasvicepresident.He8todiscusshisprofitmargins:"Itsactuallyquitealotofeffortputtingthemtogether-butyetgarbageisfree."Mr.Gignacisconsideringmorevarietiesofsouvenirs.Hemaintainsthathehassigned9withpeopleinterestedin10projectsfromasfarasBerlinandLondon. 第7空应选择
Hispackagelooksprettypeoplewillbuyjustaboutanything.SosaysanadvertisingexecutiveinNewYorkandhehasprovedhispointbysellingboxesofrubbishforthepriceofanexpensivebottleofwine.JustinGignac26hassoldalmost9001presentedplasticboxesofrubbishfromthestreetoftheBigAppleatbetween＄50and＄100each.Buyersfrom19countrieshavepaidforthesouvenirs纪念品.Theideahasbeensosuccessfulthatheisthinkingofpromotingitaroundtheworld.ItallbeganwhenMr.Gignacwasatasummerworkshop."Wehadadiscussionabouthisimportanceof2"herecalls."Someonesaidpackagingwasunimportant.Idisagreed.Theonlywaytoproveitwasbysellingsomethingnobodywouldeverwant."HesearchesthestreetsofManhattanandtypical3includebrokenglasssubwayticketsStarbuckscupsandused4forks."Specialeditions"areofferedatahighprice.Hecharged＄100forrubbishfromtheopeningdayoftheNewYorkYankeesstadium.Mr.Gignacdenies5hiscustomersforfools:"Theyknowwhatthey'regetting.Theyappreciatethefactthatthey'retakingsomethingnobodywouldwantandfindingbeautyinit."Some6customersincludepeoplewhousedtoliveinthecityandwantadowntoearthsouvenir.Heclaimshehasevensoldtoartcollectors.RealizingthattheconceptappearstobearealmoneymakerMr.Gignachas7acompanyandisemployinghisgirlfriendasvicepresident.He8todiscusshisprofitmargins:"Itsactuallyquitealotofeffortputtingthemtogether-butyetgarbageisfree."Mr.Gignacisconsideringmorevarietiesofsouvenirs.Hemaintainsthathehassigned9withpeopleinterestedin10projectsfromasfarasBerlinandLondon. 第5空应选择
Hispackagelooksprettypeoplewillbuyjustaboutanything.SosaysanadvertisingexecutiveinNewYorkandhehasprovedhispointbysellingboxesofrubbishforthepriceofanexpensivebottleofwine.JustinGignac26hassoldalmost9001presentedplasticboxesofrubbishfromthestreetoftheBigAppleatbetween＄50and＄100each.Buyersfrom19countrieshavepaidforthesouvenirs纪念品.Theideahasbeensosuccessfulthatheisthinkingofpromotingitaroundtheworld.ItallbeganwhenMr.Gignacwasatasummerworkshop."Wehadadiscussionabouthisimportanceof2"herecalls."Someonesaidpackagingwasunimportant.Idisagreed.Theonlywaytoproveitwasbysellingsomethingnobodywouldeverwant."HesearchesthestreetsofManhattanandtypical3includebrokenglasssubwayticketsStarbuckscupsandused4forks."Specialeditions"areofferedatahighprice.Hecharged＄100forrubbishfromtheopeningdayoftheNewYorkYankeesstadium.Mr.Gignacdenies5hiscustomersforfools:"Theyknowwhatthey'regetting.Theyappreciatethefactthatthey'retakingsomethingnobodywouldwantandfindingbeautyinit."Some6customersincludepeoplewhousedtoliveinthecityandwantadowntoearthsouvenir.Heclaimshehasevensoldtoartcollectors.RealizingthattheconceptappearstobearealmoneymakerMr.Gignachas7acompanyandisemployinghisgirlfriendasvicepresident.He8todiscusshisprofitmargins:"Itsactuallyquitealotofeffortputtingthemtogether-butyetgarbageisfree."Mr.Gignacisconsideringmorevarietiesofsouvenirs.Hemaintainsthathehassigned9withpeopleinterestedin10projectsfromasfarasBerlinandLondon. 第19空应选择
BWhenyouthinkofthetremendoustechnologicalprogresswehavemadeit’samazinghowlittlewehavedevelopedinotherrespects.WemayspeakcontemptuouslyofthepooroldRomansbecausetheyrelishedtheorgiesofslaughterthatwentonintheirarenas.Wemaydespisethembecausetheymistookthesegoingsonforentertainment.Wemayforgivethemcondescendinglybecausetheylived2000yearsagoandobviouslyknewnobetter.ButareourfeelingsofsuperiorityreallyjustifiedAreweanylessbloodthirstyWhydoboxingmatchesforinstanceattractsuchuniversalinterestDon’tthespectatorswhoattendthemhopetheywillseesomeviolenceHumanbeingsremainasbloodthirstyasevertheywere.TheonlydifferencebetweenourselvesandtheRomansisthatwhiletheywerehonestenoughtoadmitthattheyenjoyedwatchinghungrylionstearingpeopleapartandeatingthemalivewefindallsortsofsophisticatedargumentstodefendsportswhichshouldhavebeenbannedlongago;sportswhicharequiteasbarbarousassaypublichangingsorbearbaiting.Itreallyisincrediblethatinthisdayandageweshouldstillallowhuntingorbullfightingthatweshouldbepreparedtositbackandwatchtwomenbattereachothertopulpinaboxingringthatweshouldberelativelyunmovedbythesightofoneoranumberofracingcarscrashingandburstingintoflames.Letusnotdeceiveourselves.Anytalkof“thesportingspirit”issheerhypocrisy.Peopletakepartinviolentsportsbecauseofthehighrewardstheybring.Spectatorsarewillingtopayvastsumsofmoneytoseeviolence.Aworldheavyweightchampionshipmatchforinstanceisfrontpagenews.Millionsofpeoplearedisappointedifabigfightisoverintworoundsinsteadoffifteen.Theyfeeldisappointmentbecausetheyhavebeendeprivedoftheexquisitepleasureofwitnessingprolongedtortureandviolence.WhyshouldwebanviolentsportsifpeopleenjoythemsomuchYoumaywellask.Theanswerissimple:theyareuncivilized.Forcenturiesmanhasbeentryingtoimprovehimselfspirituallyandemotionally—admittedlywithlittlesuccess.Butatleastwenolongertoleratethesightofmadmenbeingcoopedupincagesorpublicfloggingsofanyofthecountlessotherbarbaricpracticeswhichwerecommoninthepast.Prisonsarenolongerthegrimforbiddingplacestheyusedtobe.Socialwelfaresystemsareinoperationinmanypartsoftheworld.Bigeffortsarebeingmadetodistributewealthfairly.Thesechangeshavecomeaboutnotbecausehumanbeingshavesuddenlyandunaccountablyimprovedbutbecausepositivestepsweretakentochangethelaw.Thelawisthebiggestinstrumentofsocialchangethatwehaveanditmayexertgreatcivilizinginfluence.Ifwebanneddangerousandviolentsportswewouldbemovingonestepfurthertoimprovingmankind.Wewouldrecognizethatviolenceisdegradingandunworthyofhumanbeings. Howmanydangeroussportsdoestheauthormentioninthispassage
AWhereisLoveHowcanwefindLoveThepastagesofmanhaveallbeencarefullylabeledbyanthropologists.Descriptionslike“PaleolithicMan”“NeolithicMan”etc.neatlysumupthewholeperiods.Whenthetimecomesforanthropologiststoturntheirattentiontothetwentiethcenturytheywillsurelychoosethelabel“LeglessMan”.Historiesofthetimewillgosomethinglikethis:“inthetwentiethcenturypeopleforgothowtousetheirlegs.Menandwomenmovedaboutincarsbusesandtrainsfromaveryearlyage.Therewereliftsandescalatorsinalllargebuildingstopreventpeoplefromwalking.Thissituationwasforceduponearthdwellersofthattimebecauseofmileseachday.Butthesurprisingthingisthattheydidn’tusetheirlegsevenwhentheywentonholiday.Theybuiltcablerailwaysskiliftsandroadstothetopofeveryhugemountain.Allthebeautyspotsonearthweremarredbythepresenceoflargecarparks.”Thefuturehistorybooksmightalsorecordthatweweredeprivedoftheuseofoureyes.Inourhurrytogetfromoneplacetoanotherwefailedtoseeanythingontheway.Airtravelgivesyouabird’seyeviewoftheworld—orevenlessifthewingoftheaircrafthappenstogetinyourway.Whenyoutravelbycarortrainablurredimageofthecountrysideconstantlysmearsthewindows.Cardriversinparticularareforeverobsessedwiththeurgetogoonandon:theyneverwanttostop.IsitthelureofthegreatmotorwaysorwhatAndasforseatravelithardlydeservesmention.Itisperfectlysummedupinthewordsoftheoldsong:“IjoinedthenavytoseetheworldandwhatdidIseeIsawthesea.”Thetypicaltwentiethcenturytraveleristhemanwhoalwayssays“I’vebeenthere.”YoumentiontheremotestmostevocativeplacenamesintheworldlikeElDoradoKabulIrkutskandsomeoneisboundtosay“I’vebeenthere”—meaning“Idrovethroughitat100milesanhouronthewaytosomewhereelse.”Whenyoutravelathighspeedthepresentmeansnothing:youlivemainlyinthefuturebecauseyouspendmostofyourtimelookingforwardtoarrivingatsomeotherplace.Butactualarrivalwhenitisachievedismeaningless.Youwanttomoveonagain.Bytravelinglikethisyoususpendallexperience;thepresentceasestobeareality:youmightjustaswellbedead.Thetraveleronfootontheotherhandlivesconstantlyinthepresent.Forhimtravelingandarrivingareoneandthesamething:hearrivessomewherewitheverystephemakes.Heexperiencesthepresentmomentwithhiseyeshisearsandthewholeofhisbody.Attheendofhisjourneyhefeelsadeliciousphysicalweariness.Heknowsthatsound.Satisfyingsleepwillbehis:thejustrewardofalltruetravelers. Whatdoesabird’seyeviewmean
Therearemanykindsoffriends.Somearealways1youbutdontunderstandyou.Somesayonlyafewwordstoyoubutunderstandyou.Manypeoplewillstepinyourlifebutonly2friendsleavefootprints脚印.Ishallalwaysrecall回忆theautumnandthegirlwiththe3.Shewillalwaysbringbackthefriendshipbetweenus.Iknowshewillalwaysbemybestfriend.Itwasthegoldenseason.Icouldseetheyellowleaves4withthecool5.InsuchaseasonIlikedwalkingaloneontheroadscoveredwithleaves6tothesoundofthem.Autumnisa7seasonandlifeisuninteresting.Thefreedaysalwaysgetme8.Butonedaythesoundofaviolin9intomyearslikeastream小溪flowinginthemountains.IwassosurprisedthatIjumpedtoseewhatitwas.Ayounggirlstandinginthewindwas10inplayingherviolin.Ihad11seenherbefore.ThemusicwassonicethatIlistenedquietly.LostinthemusicIdidntknowthatIhadbeen12thereforsolongbutmyexistence存在didnotseemtodisturbher.Leaveswerestillfalling.Everydaysheplayedtheviolinatthecornerofthebuilding13Iwentdownstairstowatchherperformance.Iwastheonlylistener.Theautumnseemednolongerlonelyandlifebecame14.15wedidntknoweachotherIthoughtwewerealreadygoodfriends.Ibelieveshealsolovedme.Autumnwasnearlyover.OnedaywhenIwaslisteningcarefullythesoundsuddenly16.Tomyastonishment惊讶thegirlcameovertome.“Youmustlikewusicfromtheviolin.”shesaid.“Yes.Andyouplayverywell.Whydidyoustop”Iasked.Suddenlya17expressionappearedonherfaceandIcouldfeelsomethingunusual.“IcameheretoseemygrandmotherbutnowImustleave.Ionceplayedverybadly.Itwasyourlisteningeverydaythat18me.”shesaid.“Infactitwasyourplaying19gavemeameaningfulautumn”Ianswered“Letsbefriends.”ThegirlsmiledandsodidI.Ineverheardherplayagaininmylife.Inolongerwentdownstairstolistentoher.Onlythickleaveswereleftbehind.ButIwillalwaysrememberthefinefigure身影ofthegirl.Sheislikea20—soshortsobrightlikeashootingstargivingoffsomuchlightthatmakestheautumnbeautiful. 第1空应选择
—Ishere—NoBobisillathome.
AWhereisLoveHowcanwefindLoveThepastagesofmanhaveallbeencarefullylabeledbyanthropologists.Descriptionslike“PaleolithicMan”“NeolithicMan”etc.neatlysumupthewholeperiods.Whenthetimecomesforanthropologiststoturntheirattentiontothetwentiethcenturytheywillsurelychoosethelabel“LeglessMan”.Historiesofthetimewillgosomethinglikethis:“inthetwentiethcenturypeopleforgothowtousetheirlegs.Menandwomenmovedaboutincarsbusesandtrainsfromaveryearlyage.Therewereliftsandescalatorsinalllargebuildingstopreventpeoplefromwalking.Thissituationwasforceduponearthdwellersofthattimebecauseofmileseachday.Butthesurprisingthingisthattheydidn’tusetheirlegsevenwhentheywentonholiday.Theybuiltcablerailwaysskiliftsandroadstothetopofeveryhugemountain.Allthebeautyspotsonearthweremarredbythepresenceoflargecarparks.”Thefuturehistorybooksmightalsorecordthatweweredeprivedoftheuseofoureyes.Inourhurrytogetfromoneplacetoanotherwefailedtoseeanythingontheway.Airtravelgivesyouabird’seyeviewoftheworld—orevenlessifthewingoftheaircrafthappenstogetinyourway.Whenyoutravelbycarortrainablurredimageofthecountrysideconstantlysmearsthewindows.Cardriversinparticularareforeverobsessedwiththeurgetogoonandon:theyneverwanttostop.IsitthelureofthegreatmotorwaysorwhatAndasforseatravelithardlydeservesmention.Itisperfectlysummedupinthewordsoftheoldsong:“IjoinedthenavytoseetheworldandwhatdidIseeIsawthesea.”Thetypicaltwentiethcenturytraveleristhemanwhoalwayssays“I’vebeenthere.”YoumentiontheremotestmostevocativeplacenamesintheworldlikeElDoradoKabulIrkutskandsomeoneisboundtosay“I’vebeenthere”—meaning“Idrovethroughitat100milesanhouronthewaytosomewhereelse.”Whenyoutravelathighspeedthepresentmeansnothing:youlivemainlyinthefuturebecauseyouspendmostofyourtimelookingforwardtoarrivingatsomeotherplace.Butactualarrivalwhenitisachievedismeaningless.Youwanttomoveonagain.Bytravelinglikethisyoususpendallexperience;thepresentceasestobeareality:youmightjustaswellbedead.Thetraveleronfootontheotherhandlivesconstantlyinthepresent.Forhimtravelingandarrivingareoneandthesamething:hearrivessomewherewitheverystephemakes.Heexperiencesthepresentmomentwithhiseyeshisearsandthewholeofhisbody.Attheendofhisjourneyhefeelsadeliciousphysicalweariness.Heknowsthatsound.Satisfyingsleepwillbehis:thejustrewardofalltruetravelers. Whydoestheauthorsaywearedeprivedoftheuseofoureyes
CWhenIwaslookingforaChristmaspresentformydaughterinatoystoreanicelydressedlittlegirlwithsomemoneyinherlittlehandwaslookingatsomebeautifuldolls.Whenshesawadollshelikedshewouldaskherfatherifshehadenoughmoney.Heusuallysaidyes.Atthesametimeaboywitholdandsmallclotheswaslookingatsomevideogames.Hetoohadmoneyinhishandbutitlookednomorethanfivedollars.Eachtimehepickeduponeofthevideogamesandlookedathisfatherheshookhishead.Thelittlegirlhadchosenherdollaverybeautifulone.Howevershenoticedtheboyandhisfather.Shesawtheboygiveupavideogamewithdisappointment失望andwalktoanothercornerofthestore.Thelittlegirlputherdollbacktotheshelfandranovertothevideogame.Aftershetalkedtoherfathershepaidforthevideogameandwhispered耳语totheshopassistant.Sotheboygotthevideogamethathewantedforfree—hewastolditwasaprizefromthestore.Hesmiledhappilyalthoughhefeltitwassoincredible.Thegirlsawallthishappen.Shesmiledtoo.WhenIwalkedoutofthestoretomycarIheardthefatheraskhisdaughterwhyshehaddonethat.Iwouldneverforgettheirshorttalk.“Daddydidn’tGrandmawantmetobuysomethingthatwouldmakemehappy”Hesaid“Ofcourseshedid.”“WellIjustdid!”Withthatthelittlegirlstartedskipping蹦跳towardstheircarhappily. WhatdoesthesentenceWellIjustdid!mean
.Tooursurprisethestrangertobeanoldfriendofmymother’s.
Hispackagelooksprettypeoplewillbuyjustaboutanything.SosaysanadvertisingexecutiveinNewYorkandhehasprovedhispointbysellingboxesofrubbishforthepriceofanexpensivebottleofwine.JustinGignac26hassoldalmost9001presentedplasticboxesofrubbishfromthestreetoftheBigAppleatbetween＄50and＄100each.Buyersfrom19countrieshavepaidforthesouvenirs纪念品.Theideahasbeensosuccessfulthatheisthinkingofpromotingitaroundtheworld.ItallbeganwhenMr.Gignacwasatasummerworkshop."Wehadadiscussionabouthisimportanceof2"herecalls."Someonesaidpackagingwasunimportant.Idisagreed.Theonlywaytoproveitwasbysellingsomethingnobodywouldeverwant."HesearchesthestreetsofManhattanandtypical3includebrokenglasssubwayticketsStarbuckscupsandused4forks."Specialeditions"areofferedatahighprice.Hecharged＄100forrubbishfromtheopeningdayoftheNewYorkYankeesstadium.Mr.Gignacdenies5hiscustomersforfools:"Theyknowwhatthey'regetting.Theyappreciatethefactthatthey'retakingsomethingnobodywouldwantandfindingbeautyinit."Some6customersincludepeoplewhousedtoliveinthecityandwantadowntoearthsouvenir.Heclaimshehasevensoldtoartcollectors.RealizingthattheconceptappearstobearealmoneymakerMr.Gignachas7acompanyandisemployinghisgirlfriendasvicepresident.He8todiscusshisprofitmargins:"Itsactuallyquitealotofeffortputtingthemtogether-butyetgarbageisfree."Mr.Gignacisconsideringmorevarietiesofsouvenirs.Hemaintainsthathehassigned9withpeopleinterestedin10projectsfromasfarasBerlinandLondon. 第15空应选择
Thisskirtwasmadeyourmotherherownmeasure.
WhenIcamebackIfoundmybicyclewas.
DRanch.ItwasnearLosAngelesinCalifornia.AfewyearslaterHollywoodwasoneofthefamousplacesintheworld.Atthebeginningofthe20thcenturytherewasabigfarmcalledHollywood.Fromthe1910’stothe1950’sHollywoodwasthefilmcenteroftheworld.Everyfamilyknewthenamesofitsfilmstars—CharlieChaplinGretaGarboBergmanandhundredsmore.ThereasonwhypeoplewenttoHollywoodtomakefilmswasthesun.AtfirstpeoplemadefilmsinNewYorkontheeastcoastoftheUnitedStates.ButthentheyheardaboutLosAngeleswherethereare350daysofthesuneveryyear.Astheymadeallthefilmsbysunlightthewestcoastwasamuchbetterplacetowork.AlsonearHollywoodyoucanfindmountainsandseaanddesert.Theydidnothavetotravelfartomakeanykindoffilm.WhenTVbecamepopularHollywoodstartedmakingfilmsfortelevision.Theninthe1970’stheydiscoveredpeoplestillwenttothecinematoseebigexpensivefilms.NowadaystheyarestillmakingfilmsinHollywoodandpeopleseethemallovertheworld. PeoplewenttoHollywoodtomakefilmsbecause.
—HowaboutyourtriptoHainan—Itcouldn’thavebeen.SometimesIwentswimminginthesea;sometimesIlayonthesand.
Hispackagelooksprettypeoplewillbuyjustaboutanything.SosaysanadvertisingexecutiveinNewYorkandhehasprovedhispointbysellingboxesofrubbishforthepriceofanexpensivebottleofwine.JustinGignac26hassoldalmost9001presentedplasticboxesofrubbishfromthestreetoftheBigAppleatbetween＄50and＄100each.Buyersfrom19countrieshavepaidforthesouvenirs纪念品.Theideahasbeensosuccessfulthatheisthinkingofpromotingitaroundtheworld.ItallbeganwhenMr.Gignacwasatasummerworkshop."Wehadadiscussionabouthisimportanceof2"herecalls."Someonesaidpackagingwasunimportant.Idisagreed.Theonlywaytoproveitwasbysellingsomethingnobodywouldeverwant."HesearchesthestreetsofManhattanandtypical3includebrokenglasssubwayticketsStarbuckscupsandused4forks."Specialeditions"areofferedatahighprice.Hecharged＄100forrubbishfromtheopeningdayoftheNewYorkYankeesstadium.Mr.Gignacdenies5hiscustomersforfools:"Theyknowwhatthey'regetting.Theyappreciatethefactthatthey'retakingsomethingnobodywouldwantandfindingbeautyinit."Some6customersincludepeoplewhousedtoliveinthecityandwantadowntoearthsouvenir.Heclaimshehasevensoldtoartcollectors.RealizingthattheconceptappearstobearealmoneymakerMr.Gignachas7acompanyandisemployinghisgirlfriendasvicepresident.He8todiscusshisprofitmargins:"Itsactuallyquitealotofeffortputtingthemtogether-butyetgarbageisfree."Mr.Gignacisconsideringmorevarietiesofsouvenirs.Hemaintainsthathehassigned9withpeopleinterestedin10projectsfromasfarasBerlinandLondon. 第9空应选择
CWhenIwaslookingforaChristmaspresentformydaughterinatoystoreanicelydressedlittlegirlwithsomemoneyinherlittlehandwaslookingatsomebeautifuldolls.Whenshesawadollshelikedshewouldaskherfatherifshehadenoughmoney.Heusuallysaidyes.Atthesametimeaboywitholdandsmallclotheswaslookingatsomevideogames.Hetoohadmoneyinhishandbutitlookednomorethanfivedollars.Eachtimehepickeduponeofthevideogamesandlookedathisfatherheshookhishead.Thelittlegirlhadchosenherdollaverybeautifulone.Howevershenoticedtheboyandhisfather.Shesawtheboygiveupavideogamewithdisappointment失望andwalktoanothercornerofthestore.Thelittlegirlputherdollbacktotheshelfandranovertothevideogame.Aftershetalkedtoherfathershepaidforthevideogameandwhispered耳语totheshopassistant.Sotheboygotthevideogamethathewantedforfree—hewastolditwasaprizefromthestore.Hesmiledhappilyalthoughhefeltitwassoincredible.Thegirlsawallthishappen.Shesmiledtoo.WhenIwalkedoutofthestoretomycarIheardthefatheraskhisdaughterwhyshehaddonethat.Iwouldneverforgettheirshorttalk.“Daddydidn’tGrandmawantmetobuysomethingthatwouldmakemehappy”Hesaid“Ofcourseshedid.”“WellIjustdid!”Withthatthelittlegirlstartedskipping蹦跳towardstheircarhappily. heunderlinedwordincrediblemostprobablymeansinChinese.
Hispackagelooksprettypeoplewillbuyjustaboutanything.SosaysanadvertisingexecutiveinNewYorkandhehasprovedhispointbysellingboxesofrubbishforthepriceofanexpensivebottleofwine.JustinGignac26hassoldalmost9001presentedplasticboxesofrubbishfromthestreetoftheBigAppleatbetween＄50and＄100each.Buyersfrom19countrieshavepaidforthesouvenirs纪念品.Theideahasbeensosuccessfulthatheisthinkingofpromotingitaroundtheworld.ItallbeganwhenMr.Gignacwasatasummerworkshop."Wehadadiscussionabouthisimportanceof2"herecalls."Someonesaidpackagingwasunimportant.Idisagreed.Theonlywaytoproveitwasbysellingsomethingnobodywouldeverwant."HesearchesthestreetsofManhattanandtypical3includebrokenglasssubwayticketsStarbuckscupsandused4forks."Specialeditions"areofferedatahighprice.Hecharged＄100forrubbishfromtheopeningdayoftheNewYorkYankeesstadium.Mr.Gignacdenies5hiscustomersforfools:"Theyknowwhatthey'regetting.Theyappreciatethefactthatthey'retakingsomethingnobodywouldwantandfindingbeautyinit."Some6customersincludepeoplewhousedtoliveinthecityandwantadowntoearthsouvenir.Heclaimshehasevensoldtoartcollectors.RealizingthattheconceptappearstobearealmoneymakerMr.Gignachas7acompanyandisemployinghisgirlfriendasvicepresident.He8todiscusshisprofitmargins:"Itsactuallyquitealotofeffortputtingthemtogether-butyetgarbageisfree."Mr.Gignacisconsideringmorevarietiesofsouvenirs.Hemaintainsthathehassigned9withpeopleinterestedin10projectsfromasfarasBerlinandLondon. 第11空应选择
Hispackagelooksprettypeoplewillbuyjustaboutanything.SosaysanadvertisingexecutiveinNewYorkandhehasprovedhispointbysellingboxesofrubbishforthepriceofanexpensivebottleofwine.JustinGignac26hassoldalmost9001presentedplasticboxesofrubbishfromthestreetoftheBigAppleatbetween＄50and＄100each.Buyersfrom19countrieshavepaidforthesouvenirs纪念品.Theideahasbeensosuccessfulthatheisthinkingofpromotingitaroundtheworld.ItallbeganwhenMr.Gignacwasatasummerworkshop."Wehadadiscussionabouthisimportanceof2"herecalls."Someonesaidpackagingwasunimportant.Idisagreed.Theonlywaytoproveitwasbysellingsomethingnobodywouldeverwant."HesearchesthestreetsofManhattanandtypical3includebrokenglasssubwayticketsStarbuckscupsandused4forks."Specialeditions"areofferedatahighprice.Hecharged＄100forrubbishfromtheopeningdayoftheNewYorkYankeesstadium.Mr.Gignacdenies5hiscustomersforfools:"Theyknowwhatthey'regetting.Theyappreciatethefactthatthey'retakingsomethingnobodywouldwantandfindingbeautyinit."Some6customersincludepeoplewhousedtoliveinthecityandwantadowntoearthsouvenir.Heclaimshehasevensoldtoartcollectors.RealizingthattheconceptappearstobearealmoneymakerMr.Gignachas7acompanyandisemployinghisgirlfriendasvicepresident.He8todiscusshisprofitmargins:"Itsactuallyquitealotofeffortputtingthemtogether-butyetgarbageisfree."Mr.Gignacisconsideringmorevarietiesofsouvenirs.Hemaintainsthathehassigned9withpeopleinterestedin10projectsfromasfarasBerlinandLondon. 第17空应选择
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