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哮证发作的病理关键是
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哮证发作时的病理关键在于
肺失宣降
肺气虚寒
伏痰
痰阻气闭
肺气不清
哮证发作的病理关键是
邪客于肺，肺气不利
痰气相搏，壅塞气道
外邪侵袭，触动伏痰
宿痰内伏于肺
痰瘀互结，肺失宜降
哮证发作的病理关键是
痰气相击，气道被阻
肺脏虚弱，气失所主
外邪侵袭，触动伏痰
邪袭于肺，肺气不利
宿痰内伏于肺
哮证发作期的病因病理关键是
宿痰内伏于肺
外邪侵袭，触动伏痰
痰气相击，气道被阻
邪客于肺，气道不利
脏腑虚弱，气失所主
哮证发作的病理关键是
外邪侵袭，触动伏痰
邪客于肺，肺气不利
宿痰内伏于肺
痰气相搏，气道被阻
痰瘀互结，肺失宣降
哮证发作的病因病机关键是
宿痰内伏于肺
外邪侵袭，触动伏痰
痰气相激，气道被阻
邪客于肺，气道不利
脏腑虚弱，气失所主
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Directions: YouaregoingtoreadatextaboutGold-MedalWorkoutsfollowedbyalistofexamples.ChoosethebestexamplefromthelistA-Fforeachnumberedsubheading41-45.Thereisoneextraexamplewhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.D rawingonbiomechanicsandothersportsscienceOlympichopefulstargetjusttherightmusclesandmoves.Olympiansofyesteryearsharedthesamegoalbuttheywouldhardlyrecognizetoday’strainingtechniques.ToachievetoOlympianidealof"fasterhigherstronger"coachesnowrealizeathletesdon’thavetotrainmorebuttheydohavetotrainsmarter.That’swhythesedayscross-countryNordicskierskneelonskateboardsandtugonpulleystohaulthemselvesuparamp. Byanalyzingeverymotionthatgoesintoaskijumporalugerunthescienceofbiomechanicsbreaksdowneventsintotheircomponentpartsanddetermineswhichmovementsofwhichmusclesarethekeytoasuperlativeperformance.Knowingthatiscrucialforasimplehuttomanycoachesandtrainersunexpectedreason:itturnsoutthatalthoughtrainingforgeneralconditioningimprovesfitnessthebestwaytoboostperformanceisbyworkingthemusclesandpracticingthemovesthatwillbeusedincompetition.It’scalledsport-specifictraining. 41.Waystoworktherightmusclesandtraintherightpatternsofmovement. Sport-specifictrainingdoesn’thavetomeanrunningtheactualcourseorperformingtheexactevent.Thereareotherwaystoworktherightmusclesandtraintherightpatternofmovement.DoingsitupsonaSwissballforinstancedevelopstorsocontrolaswellasstrength.TheFinnishice-hockeyteamrecentlyaddedacrobaticstoitstrainingregimebecauseithelpsplayerstobalanceontheicesaysheadcoachRaimoSummanen. Performance-enhancingstrategies. Theadvancesinphysiologythathaverevolutionizedtrainingaregivingsportsscientistsabetterunder-standingofhowtoimprovestrengthpowerspeedandbothaerobicandanaerobicfitness: 42.Trainingthestart-up. Speedispartlygenetic.Astarsprinterisprobablybornwithapreponderanceoffasttwitchmusclefiberswhichfirerepeatedlywithonlymicrosecondrestsinbetween.Speedtrainingthereforeaimstorecruitmorefast-twitchfibersandincreasethespeedofnervesignalsthatcommandmusclestomove. 43.Strengthreflectsthepercentageofmusclefibersthebodycanrecruitforagivenmovement. "Someonewithpurestrengthcanrecruit90percentofthesefiberswhilesomeoneelserecruitsonly50percent"saystheUSOC’sDavis. 44.Developinganaerobicfitness. Anaerobicfitnesskeepsthemusclesmovingevenwhentheheartcan’tprovideenoughoxygen.TopostponethepointwhenacidbeginstoaccumulateoratleasttrainthebodytotolerateitJimWalkerhasthespeedskatersheworkswithpushthemselvesbeyondwhattheyneedtodoincompetition. Powerisstrengthwithspeed. "Oneofthebiggestchangesinstrengthtrainingisthatwe’regettingawayfrompurestrengthandemphasizingpowerorexplosivestrength"saysUSOCstrength-and-conditioningcoordinatorKevinEbel. 45.Difficultiesunderway. It’sstilldifficulttopersuadecoachestoletsportsscientistsmesswiththeirathletes. ToovercomesuchresistancetheUSOC’sPeterDavishassetup"performance-enhancingteams"wherecoachesandscientistsputtheirheadstogetherandapplythebestsciencetotraining.ComeFebruarytheworldwillseehowsciencefaredinitsattempttomoldathleticexcellence. [A]ZachLundracesskeletonahead-firstbelly-downsledraceinwhichthestartiscrucial.Hehastosprintinabent-overpositionpushinghissledalongthetrackthenhopinwithoutslowingthesled."Youhavetogofromahardsprinttobeingreallycalminordertogodownthetrackwell"saysLund.Toimprovehisspeedhedoeslegpresseswhilelyingonhisbackorlegcurlsonhisstomachbringinghisfoottohisbackside. [B]Despitethefindingthatdraftingreducesthedemandontheheartofaspeedskaterandgenerallyimprovesperformanceforinstancemostskatersstillprefertogooutfastandfirst. [C]Sprinterswhoskate500metersintheOlympicsforinstancepowerthroughmultiple300metersanddoitfasterthantheyskatethe500.Byraisingtheanaerobicthresholdthetraininggivesskatersabettershotatexplodingwithasprintatthefinish. [D]Lugeforinstancerequiresprecisecontrolofinfinitesimalmusclemovements:"Overcorrectonaturn"saysdriverMarkGrimmette"andyou’redead.’ToachievethatprecisecontrolheandhisdoublespartnerBrianMartindevoteagoodchunkoftheirtrainingtimetoexercisesonthosesquishyrubberspherescalledSwissballs. [E]AerobicfitnessishockeystarCammiGranato’sgoaloneautumnmorningasshepedalsastationarybikewithsweatyfuryattheUSOCtrainingcenterinLakePlacidNewYork.WhenGranatofinallystaggersoffthebikeandcrumplesontothepaddedplatformshe’s’hadatougherworkoutthaninanyhockeyperiod--whichisexactlythepoint. [F]Thethigh’squadricepsforinstanceconsistofmillionsoffibersorganizedintowhatarecalledmotorunits.Whenaspeedskaterpushesofftheiceherecruitsacertainpercentageofthemtofire;theothersarerelaxingandsodonotcontributetothemovement. 45
与葡萄糖跨膜转运机制有关的是
十二指肠球后溃疡的临床特征
Astudyofarthistorymightbeagoodwaytolearnmoreaboutaculturethanthatispossibletolearningeneralhistoryclasses.Most1historycoursesconcentrateonpoliticseconomicsandwar.2arthistory3onmuchmorethanthisbecauseartreflectsnotonlythepoliticalvaluesofapeoplebutalsoreligious4emotionsandpsychology.5informationaboutthedailyactivitiesofourowncanbeprovidedbyart.Inshortartexpressesthe6qualitiesofatimeandaplaceandastudyofitclearlyoffersusadeeperunderstandingthanwhatcanbefoundinmosthistorybooks. Inhistorybooksobjectiveinformationaboutthepoliticallifeofacountryis7;thatisfactsaboutpoliticalaregivenbut8arenotexpressed.Artontheotherhandis9:itreflectsemotionsandimpressions.ThegreatSpanishpainterFranciscoGoyaseverelycriticizedtheSpanishgovernmentforits10ofpoweroverpeople.Overahundredyearslatersymbolic11wereusedinPabloPicasso’sGuemicatoexpressthe12ofwar.13onanothercontinentthepowerfulpaintingsofDiegoRiveradepictedtheseMexicanartists’concealed14andsadnessaboutsocialproblems. Inthesamewayartcan15aculture’sreligiousbeliefs.ForhundredsofyearsinEuropereligiousartwas16theonlytypeofartthatexisted.ChurchesandotherreligiousbuildingswerefilledwithpaintingsthatdepictedpeopleandstoriesfromtheBible.17mostpeoplecouldn’treadtheycouldstillunderstandbiblicalstoriesinthepicturesonchurchwalls.18oneofthemaincharacteristicsofartintheMiddleEastwasandstillisits19ofhumanandanimalimages.ThisreflectstheIslamicbeliefthatstatuesare20 Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.17
糖原代谢的关键酶是
Astudyofarthistorymightbeagoodwaytolearnmoreaboutaculturethanthatispossibletolearningeneralhistoryclasses.Most1historycoursesconcentrateonpoliticseconomicsandwar.2arthistory3onmuchmorethanthisbecauseartreflectsnotonlythepoliticalvaluesofapeoplebutalsoreligious4emotionsandpsychology.5informationaboutthedailyactivitiesofourowncanbeprovidedbyart.Inshortartexpressesthe6qualitiesofatimeandaplaceandastudyofitclearlyoffersusadeeperunderstandingthanwhatcanbefoundinmosthistorybooks. Inhistorybooksobjectiveinformationaboutthepoliticallifeofacountryis7;thatisfactsaboutpoliticalaregivenbut8arenotexpressed.Artontheotherhandis9:itreflectsemotionsandimpressions.ThegreatSpanishpainterFranciscoGoyaseverelycriticizedtheSpanishgovernmentforits10ofpoweroverpeople.Overahundredyearslatersymbolic11wereusedinPabloPicasso’sGuemicatoexpressthe12ofwar.13onanothercontinentthepowerfulpaintingsofDiegoRiveradepictedtheseMexicanartists’concealed14andsadnessaboutsocialproblems. Inthesamewayartcan15aculture’sreligiousbeliefs.ForhundredsofyearsinEuropereligiousartwas16theonlytypeofartthatexisted.ChurchesandotherreligiousbuildingswerefilledwithpaintingsthatdepictedpeopleandstoriesfromtheBible.17mostpeoplecouldn’treadtheycouldstillunderstandbiblicalstoriesinthepicturesonchurchwalls.18oneofthemaincharacteristicsofartintheMiddleEastwasandstillisits19ofhumanandanimalimages.ThisreflectstheIslamicbeliefthatstatuesare20. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.1
Intheendadegreeofsanityprevailed.ThemilitantHinduswhohadvowedtobreachapolicecordonandstarttheworkofbuildingatempletothegodRamatthedisputedsiteofAyodhyadecidedtorespectaSupremeCourtdecisionbarringthemfromthearea.SochargedhaveHindu-MuslimrelationsinIndiabecomeinrecentweeksasthedeclareddeadlineofMarch15thnearedthataclashatRam’ssupposedbirthplacemightwellhaveprovokedbloodshedonanappallingscaleacrossthenation.Ithasunfortunatelyhappenedoftenenoughbefore. Butthethreathasnotvanished.Thecourt’sdecisionisonlyaninterimoneandthemainHindugroupshavenotgivenupontheirquesttobuildtheirtemple.ExtremereligiousviolencewhichseemedinrecentyearstohavefadedaftertheAyodhya-relatedexplosionof1992--1993isagainafeatureofthepoliticallandscape.ThoughfaultslieonbothsidesitwasaMuslimattackonHindusinatraininGujaratthatstartedtherecentslaughterthegreatbulkofvictimswereasalwaysMuslims.OnceagaineducatedHindusare.tobeheardinveighingagainstthe"appeasing"ofMuslimsthroughsuchconcessionsasseparateconstitutionalstatusforKashmirortherighttopracticeIslamiccivillaw.OnceagainthepolicearebeingaccusedofdoinglittleornothingtohelpMuslimvictimsoframpagingHindumobs.OnceagainIndia’s130mMuslimsfeelunequalandunsafeintheirowncountry.FartoomanyHinduswouldrefusetoacceptthatitis“theirowncountry"atall. Thewonderofitperhapsisthatthingsarenotworse.WhiletheworldapplaudsPakistanforatlastlockinguptheleadersofitsextremereligiousgroupsinIndiathezealotsstillsupportsustainandtoadegreeconstitutethegovernment.TheBJPwhichleadstherulingcoalitionwasfoundedasapoliticalfrontfortheHindumovement.ItissimplyoneandbynomeansthedominantmemberofwhatiscalledtheSanghPariwarthe"familyoforganizations".Othermembersofthefamilyaremuchlesssavoury.ThereistheVHPtheWorldHinduOrganizationwhichledthemovementtobuildtheRamtemple.ThereistheBajrangDalthebrutalist"youthwing"oftheVHP.ThereissubstantialevidencethatmembersoftheVHPandtheBajrangDalhelpedtoorganizetheslaughterofhundredsofMuslimsinGujaratafter58HinduswerekilledonatrainastheyreturnedfromAyodhya WhatdoesthewriterwantstoillustratewithaMuslimattackonHindusonatraininGujarat
Astudyofarthistorymightbeagoodwaytolearnmoreaboutaculturethanthatispossibletolearningeneralhistoryclasses.Most1historycoursesconcentrateonpoliticseconomicsandwar.2arthistory3onmuchmorethanthisbecauseartreflectsnotonlythepoliticalvaluesofapeoplebutalsoreligious4emotionsandpsychology.5informationaboutthedailyactivitiesofourowncanbeprovidedbyart.Inshortartexpressesthe6qualitiesofatimeandaplaceandastudyofitclearlyoffersusadeeperunderstandingthanwhatcanbefoundinmosthistorybooks. Inhistorybooksobjectiveinformationaboutthepoliticallifeofacountryis7;thatisfactsaboutpoliticalaregivenbut8arenotexpressed.Artontheotherhandis9:itreflectsemotionsandimpressions.ThegreatSpanishpainterFranciscoGoyaseverelycriticizedtheSpanishgovernmentforits10ofpoweroverpeople.Overahundredyearslatersymbolic11wereusedinPabloPicasso’sGuemicatoexpressthe12ofwar.13onanothercontinentthepowerfulpaintingsofDiegoRiveradepictedtheseMexicanartists’concealed14andsadnessaboutsocialproblems. Inthesamewayartcan15aculture’sreligiousbeliefs.ForhundredsofyearsinEuropereligiousartwas16theonlytypeofartthatexisted.ChurchesandotherreligiousbuildingswerefilledwithpaintingsthatdepictedpeopleandstoriesfromtheBible.17mostpeoplecouldn’treadtheycouldstillunderstandbiblicalstoriesinthepicturesonchurchwalls.18oneofthemaincharacteristicsofartintheMiddleEastwasandstillisits19ofhumanandanimalimages.ThisreflectstheIslamicbeliefthatstatuesare20 Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.3
Intheendadegreeofsanityprevailed.ThemilitantHinduswhohadvowedtobreachapolicecordonandstarttheworkofbuildingatempletothegodRamatthedisputedsiteofAyodhyadecidedtorespectaSupremeCourtdecisionbarringthemfromthearea.SochargedhaveHindu-MuslimrelationsinIndiabecomeinrecentweeksasthedeclareddeadlineofMarch15thnearedthataclashatRam’ssupposedbirthplacemightwellhaveprovokedbloodshedonanappallingscaleacrossthenation.Ithasunfortunatelyhappenedoftenenoughbefore. Butthethreathasnotvanished.Thecourt’sdecisionisonlyaninterimoneandthemainHindugroupshavenotgivenupontheirquesttobuildtheirtemple.ExtremereligiousviolencewhichseemedinrecentyearstohavefadedaftertheAyodhya-relatedexplosionof1992--1993isagainafeatureofthepoliticallandscape.ThoughfaultslieonbothsidesitwasaMuslimattackonHindusinatraininGujaratthatstartedtherecentslaughterthegreatbulkofvictimswereasalwaysMuslims.OnceagaineducatedHindusare.tobeheardinveighingagainstthe"appeasing"ofMuslimsthroughsuchconcessionsasseparateconstitutionalstatusforKashmirortherighttopracticeIslamiccivillaw.OnceagainthepolicearebeingaccusedofdoinglittleornothingtohelpMuslimvictimsoframpagingHindumobs.OnceagainIndia’s130mMuslimsfeelunequalandunsafeintheirowncountry.FartoomanyHinduswouldrefusetoacceptthatitis“theirowncountry"atall. Thewonderofitperhapsisthatthingsarenotworse.WhiletheworldapplaudsPakistanforatlastlockinguptheleadersofitsextremereligiousgroupsinIndiathezealotsstillsupportsustainandtoadegreeconstitutethegovernment.TheBJPwhichleadstherulingcoalitionwasfoundedasapoliticalfrontfortheHindumovement.ItissimplyoneandbynomeansthedominantmemberofwhatiscalledtheSanghPariwarthe"familyoforganizations".Othermembersofthefamilyaremuchlesssavoury.ThereistheVHPtheWorldHinduOrganizationwhichledthemovementtobuildtheRamtemple.ThereistheBajrangDalthebrutalist"youthwing"oftheVHP.ThereissubstantialevidencethatmembersoftheVHPandtheBajrangDalhelpedtoorganizetheslaughterofhundredsofMuslimsinGujaratafter58HinduswerekilledonatrainastheyreturnedfromAyodhya AccordingtothetextnowtheworldwouldpraiseHindusandMuslimsmainlyfortheir
Astudyofarthistorymightbeagoodwaytolearnmoreaboutaculturethanthatispossibletolearningeneralhistoryclasses.Most1historycoursesconcentrateonpoliticseconomicsandwar.2arthistory3onmuchmorethanthisbecauseartreflectsnotonlythepoliticalvaluesofapeoplebutalsoreligious4emotionsandpsychology.5informationaboutthedailyactivitiesofourowncanbeprovidedbyart.Inshortartexpressesthe6qualitiesofatimeandaplaceandastudyofitclearlyoffersusadeeperunderstandingthanwhatcanbefoundinmosthistorybooks. Inhistorybooksobjectiveinformationaboutthepoliticallifeofacountryis7;thatisfactsaboutpoliticalaregivenbut8arenotexpressed.Artontheotherhandis9:itreflectsemotionsandimpressions.ThegreatSpanishpainterFranciscoGoyaseverelycriticizedtheSpanishgovernmentforits10ofpoweroverpeople.Overahundredyearslatersymbolic11wereusedinPabloPicasso’sGuemicatoexpressthe12ofwar.13onanothercontinentthepowerfulpaintingsofDiegoRiveradepictedtheseMexicanartists’concealed14andsadnessaboutsocialproblems. Inthesamewayartcan15aculture’sreligiousbeliefs.ForhundredsofyearsinEuropereligiousartwas16theonlytypeofartthatexisted.ChurchesandotherreligiousbuildingswerefilledwithpaintingsthatdepictedpeopleandstoriesfromtheBible.17mostpeoplecouldn’treadtheycouldstillunderstandbiblicalstoriesinthepicturesonchurchwalls.18oneofthemaincharacteristicsofartintheMiddleEastwasandstillisits19ofhumanandanimalimages.ThisreflectstheIslamicbeliefthatstatuesare20 Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.9
Astudyofarthistorymightbeagoodwaytolearnmoreaboutaculturethanthatispossibletolearningeneralhistoryclasses.Most1historycoursesconcentrateonpoliticseconomicsandwar.2arthistory3onmuchmorethanthisbecauseartreflectsnotonlythepoliticalvaluesofapeoplebutalsoreligious4emotionsandpsychology.5informationaboutthedailyactivitiesofourowncanbeprovidedbyart.Inshortartexpressesthe6qualitiesofatimeandaplaceandastudyofitclearlyoffersusadeeperunderstandingthanwhatcanbefoundinmosthistorybooks. Inhistorybooksobjectiveinformationaboutthepoliticallifeofacountryis7;thatisfactsaboutpoliticalaregivenbut8arenotexpressed.Artontheotherhandis9:itreflectsemotionsandimpressions.ThegreatSpanishpainterFranciscoGoyaseverelycriticizedtheSpanishgovernmentforits10ofpoweroverpeople.Overahundredyearslatersymbolic11wereusedinPabloPicasso’sGuemicatoexpressthe12ofwar.13onanothercontinentthepowerfulpaintingsofDiegoRiveradepictedtheseMexicanartists’concealed14andsadnessaboutsocialproblems. Inthesamewayartcan15aculture’sreligiousbeliefs.ForhundredsofyearsinEuropereligiousartwas16theonlytypeofartthatexisted.ChurchesandotherreligiousbuildingswerefilledwithpaintingsthatdepictedpeopleandstoriesfromtheBible.17mostpeoplecouldn’treadtheycouldstillunderstandbiblicalstoriesinthepicturesonchurchwalls.18oneofthemaincharacteristicsofartintheMiddleEastwasandstillisits19ofhumanandanimalimages.ThisreflectstheIslamicbeliefthatstatuesare20 Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.11
Astudyofarthistorymightbeagoodwaytolearnmoreaboutaculturethanthatispossibletolearningeneralhistoryclasses.Most1historycoursesconcentrateonpoliticseconomicsandwar.2arthistory3onmuchmorethanthisbecauseartreflectsnotonlythepoliticalvaluesofapeoplebutalsoreligious4emotionsandpsychology.5informationaboutthedailyactivitiesofourowncanbeprovidedbyart.Inshortartexpressesthe6qualitiesofatimeandaplaceandastudyofitclearlyoffersusadeeperunderstandingthanwhatcanbefoundinmosthistorybooks. Inhistorybooksobjectiveinformationaboutthepoliticallifeofacountryis7;thatisfactsaboutpoliticalaregivenbut8arenotexpressed.Artontheotherhandis9:itreflectsemotionsandimpressions.ThegreatSpanishpainterFranciscoGoyaseverelycriticizedtheSpanishgovernmentforits10ofpoweroverpeople.Overahundredyearslatersymbolic11wereusedinPabloPicasso’sGuemicatoexpressthe12ofwar.13onanothercontinentthepowerfulpaintingsofDiegoRiveradepictedtheseMexicanartists’concealed14andsadnessaboutsocialproblems. Inthesamewayartcan15aculture’sreligiousbeliefs.ForhundredsofyearsinEuropereligiousartwas16theonlytypeofartthatexisted.ChurchesandotherreligiousbuildingswerefilledwithpaintingsthatdepictedpeopleandstoriesfromtheBible.17mostpeoplecouldn’treadtheycouldstillunderstandbiblicalstoriesinthepicturesonchurchwalls.18oneofthemaincharacteristicsofartintheMiddleEastwasandstillisits19ofhumanandanimalimages.ThisreflectstheIslamicbeliefthatstatuesare20 Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.5
Astudyofarthistorymightbeagoodwaytolearnmoreaboutaculturethanthatispossibletolearningeneralhistoryclasses.Most1historycoursesconcentrateonpoliticseconomicsandwar.2arthistory3onmuchmorethanthisbecauseartreflectsnotonlythepoliticalvaluesofapeoplebutalsoreligious4emotionsandpsychology.5informationaboutthedailyactivitiesofourowncanbeprovidedbyart.Inshortartexpressesthe6qualitiesofatimeandaplaceandastudyofitclearlyoffersusadeeperunderstandingthanwhatcanbefoundinmosthistorybooks. Inhistorybooksobjectiveinformationaboutthepoliticallifeofacountryis7;thatisfactsaboutpoliticalaregivenbut8arenotexpressed.Artontheotherhandis9:itreflectsemotionsandimpressions.ThegreatSpanishpainterFranciscoGoyaseverelycriticizedtheSpanishgovernmentforits10ofpoweroverpeople.Overahundredyearslatersymbolic11wereusedinPabloPicasso’sGuemicatoexpressthe12ofwar.13onanothercontinentthepowerfulpaintingsofDiegoRiveradepictedtheseMexicanartists’concealed14andsadnessaboutsocialproblems. Inthesamewayartcan15aculture’sreligiousbeliefs.ForhundredsofyearsinEuropereligiousartwas16theonlytypeofartthatexisted.ChurchesandotherreligiousbuildingswerefilledwithpaintingsthatdepictedpeopleandstoriesfromtheBible.17mostpeoplecouldn’treadtheycouldstillunderstandbiblicalstoriesinthepicturesonchurchwalls.18oneofthemaincharacteristicsofartintheMiddleEastwasandstillisits19ofhumanandanimalimages.ThisreflectstheIslamicbeliefthatstatuesare20 Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.19
WhenitcomestosuingdoctorsPhiladelphiaishardlythecityofbrotherlylove.AcombinationofsprightlylawyersandsympatheticjurieshasmadePhiladelphiaahotspotformedical-malpracticelawsuits.Since1995Pennsylvaniastatecourtshaveawardedanaverageof$2minsuchcasesaccordingtoJuryVerdictResearchasurveyfirm.Somemedicalspecialistshaveseentheirmalpracticeinsurancepremiumsnearlydoubleoverthepastyear.Obstetriciansarenowpayingupto$104000ayeartoprotectthemselves. Theinsuranceindustryislargelytoblame.CarolGolintheMonitor’seditorarguesthatinthe1990sinsurerstriedtograbmarketsharebyofferingartificiallylowratesbettingthatanylosseswouldbecoveredbygainsontheirinvestments.Thestock-marketcorrectioncoupledwiththelargelegalawardshaserodedtheinsurers’reserves.ThreeinPennsylvaniaalonehavegonebust. Afewdoctors--particularlyolderones--willquit.Therestareadapting.Someareabandoninglitigation-proneproceduressuchasdeliveringbabies.Othersaremovingpartsoftheirpracticetoneighboringstateswhereinsuranceratesarelower.SomefromPennsylvaniahaveopenedofficesinNewJersey.Newdoctorsmayalsobedeterredfromsettingupshopinlitigationhavenshoweverprestigious. DespiteaRepublicanpresidenttortreformhasgotnowhereatthefederallevel.IndeeddoctorscouldgetclobberedindirectlybyaPatients’BillofRightswhichwouldfurtherexposemanagedcarecompaniestolawsuits.ThisprospecthasfuelledinterestamongdoctorsinPennsylvania’snewmedicalmalpracticereformbillwhichwassignedintolawonMarch20th.Itwillamongotherthingsgivedoctors$40mofstatefundstooffsettheirinsurancepremiumsspreadthepaymentofawardsoutovertimeandprohibitindividualsfromdoubledipping--thatissuingadoctorfordamagesthathavealreadybeenpaidbytheirhealthinsurer. ButwillitreallyhelpRandallBovbjergahealthpolicyexpertattheUrbanInstitutearguesthattheonlyproperwaytoslowdownthelitigationmachinewouldbetolimitthecompensationforpainandsufferingso-called"non-monetarydamages".Needlesstosayafixedcaponsuchawardsisresistedbymosttriallawyers.ButMrBovbjergreckonsamorenuancedapproachwithaslidingscaleofpaymentsbasedonwell-definedmeasuresofinjuryisabetterwayforward.Inthemeantimedoctorsandinsurersarebracingthemselvesforacouplemoreroughyearsbeforetheinsurancecycleturns. Nobodydisputesthathospitalstaffmakemistakes:a1999InstituteofMedicinereportclaimedthaterrorskillatleast44000patientsayear.Butthereislittleevidencethatmalpracticelawsuitsontheirownwillsolvetheproblem. Accordingtothetextwhatencouragesdoctorsandinsurersisthat
WhenitcomestosuingdoctorsPhiladelphiaishardlythecityofbrotherlylove.AcombinationofsprightlylawyersandsympatheticjurieshasmadePhiladelphiaahotspotformedical-malpracticelawsuits.Since1995Pennsylvaniastatecourtshaveawardedanaverageof$2minsuchcasesaccordingtoJuryVerdictResearchasurveyfirm.Somemedicalspecialistshaveseentheirmalpracticeinsurancepremiumsnearlydoubleoverthepastyear.Obstetriciansarenowpayingupto$104000ayeartoprotectthemselves. Theinsuranceindustryislargelytoblame.CarolGolintheMonitor’seditorarguesthatinthe1990sinsurerstriedtograbmarketsharebyofferingartificiallylowratesbettingthatanylosseswouldbecoveredbygainsontheirinvestments.Thestock-marketcorrectioncoupledwiththelargelegalawardshaserodedtheinsurers’reserves.ThreeinPennsylvaniaalonehavegonebust. Afewdoctors--particularlyolderones--willquit.Therestareadapting.Someareabandoninglitigation-proneproceduressuchasdeliveringbabies.Othersaremovingpartsoftheirpracticetoneighboringstateswhereinsuranceratesarelower.SomefromPennsylvaniahaveopenedofficesinNewJersey.Newdoctorsmayalsobedeterredfromsettingupshopinlitigationhavenshoweverprestigious. DespiteaRepublicanpresidenttortreformhasgotnowhereatthefederallevel.IndeeddoctorscouldgetclobberedindirectlybyaPatients’BillofRightswhichwouldfurtherexposemanagedcarecompaniestolawsuits.ThisprospecthasfuelledinterestamongdoctorsinPennsylvania’snewmedicalmalpracticereformbillwhichwassignedintolawonMarch20th.Itwillamongotherthingsgivedoctors$40mofstatefundstooffsettheirinsurancepremiumsspreadthepaymentofawardsoutovertimeandprohibitindividualsfromdoubledipping--thatissuingadoctorfordamagesthathavealreadybeenpaidbytheirhealthinsurer. ButwillitreallyhelpRandallBovbjergahealthpolicyexpertattheUrbanInstitutearguesthattheonlyproperwaytoslowdownthelitigationmachinewouldbetolimitthecompensationforpainandsufferingso-called"non-monetarydamages".Needlesstosayafixedcaponsuchawardsisresistedbymosttriallawyers.ButMrBovbjergreckonsamorenuancedapproachwithaslidingscaleofpaymentsbasedonwell-definedmeasuresofinjuryisabetterwayforward.Inthemeantimedoctorsandinsurersarebracingthemselvesforacouplemoreroughyearsbeforetheinsurancecycleturns. Nobodydisputesthathospitalstaffmakemistakes:a1999InstituteofMedicinereportclaimedthaterrorskillatleast44000patientsayear.Butthereislittleevidencethatmalpracticelawsuitsontheirownwillsolvetheproblem. Itseemsthattheauthorismostcriticalof
ForTonyBlairhomeisamessysortofplacewheretheprimeminister’sjobisnottoupholdeternalvaluesbuttoforcethroughsomeunpopularchangesthatmaymakethecountryworkabitbetter.Theareawherethisismostobviousandwhereitmattersmostisthepublicservices.MrBlairfacesadifficultyherewhichispartlyofhisownmaking.Byfocusinghislastelectioncampaignontheneedtoimprovehospitalsschoolstransportandpolicinghebuiltupexpectations.MrBlairhassaidmanytimesthatreformsinthewaythepublicservicesworkneedtogoalongsideincreasesincash. MrBlairhasmadehistaskharderbycommittingaclassicnegotiatingerror.Insteadofextractingconcessionsfromtheothersidebeforepromisinghisownhehaspledgedhimselftohigherspendingonpublicserviceswithoutgettingacommitmenttochangefromtheunions.WhygiventhatthispledgehasbeenmadeshouldthehealthunionsgivegroundinreturnInaspeechonMarch20thGordonBrownthechancelloroftheexchequersaidthat"thesomething-for-nothingdaysareoverinourpublicservicesandtherecanbenoblankcheques."Butthegovernmentalreadyseemstohavegivenhealthworkersablankcheque. Norareotherministriesconveyingquitethesamemessageasthetreasury.OnMarch19thJohnHuttonahealthministerannouncedthatcleanersandcateringstaffinnewprivately-fundedhospitalsworkingfortheNationalHealthservicewillstillbegovernmentemployeesentitledtothesamepayandconditionsasotherhealth-serviceworkers.Sinceoneofthemainwaysinwhichthegovernmenthopestoreformthepublicsectorisbyusingprivateprovidersandsinceoneofthemainwaysinwhichprivateprovidersarelikelytobeabletosavemoneyisbycuttinglaborcoststhismoveseemstounderminethegovernment’sstrategy. Nowthegovernmentfacesitshardestfight.Thepoliceneedreformingmorethananyotherpublicservice.Halfofthemforinstanceretireearlyatacostof￡1billion$1.4%billionayeartothetaxpayer.Thepolicehavevoted10-1againstproposalsfromthehomesecretaryDavidBlunketttoreformtheirworkingpractices. Thisisafightthegovernmenthastowin.Ifthepolicegetawaywithitotherpublicserviceworkerswillreckontheycantoo.AndiftheyallgetawayitMrBlair’sdomesticpolicy--whichiswhatvotersaremostlikelytojudgehimonathenextelection--willbeafailure. InBritainTonyBlair’schieftaskisto
适用橡胶手套的消毒方法是
下述哪些体液因素具有舒血管作用
ForTonyBlairhomeisamessysortofplacewheretheprimeminister’sjobisnottoupholdeternalvaluesbuttoforcethroughsomeunpopularchangesthatmaymakethecountryworkabitbetter.Theareawherethisismostobviousandwhereitmattersmostisthepublicservices.MrBlairfacesadifficultyherewhichispartlyofhisownmaking.Byfocusinghislastelectioncampaignontheneedtoimprovehospitalsschoolstransportandpolicinghebuiltupexpectations.MrBlairhassaidmanytimesthatreformsinthewaythepublicservicesworkneedtogoalongsideincreasesincash. MrBlairhasmadehistaskharderbycommittingaclassicnegotiatingerror.Insteadofextractingconcessionsfromtheothersidebeforepromisinghisownhehaspledgedhimselftohigherspendingonpublicserviceswithoutgettingacommitmenttochangefromtheunions.WhygiventhatthispledgehasbeenmadeshouldthehealthunionsgivegroundinreturnInaspeechonMarch20thGordonBrownthechancelloroftheexchequersaidthat"thesomething-for-nothingdaysareoverinourpublicservicesandtherecanbenoblankcheques."Butthegovernmentalreadyseemstohavegivenhealthworkersablankcheque. Norareotherministriesconveyingquitethesamemessageasthetreasury.OnMarch19thJohnHuttonahealthministerannouncedthatcleanersandcateringstaffinnewprivately-fundedhospitalsworkingfortheNationalHealthservicewillstillbegovernmentemployeesentitledtothesamepayandconditionsasotherhealth-serviceworkers.Sinceoneofthemainwaysinwhichthegovernmenthopestoreformthepublicsectorisbyusingprivateprovidersandsinceoneofthemainwaysinwhichprivateprovidersarelikelytobeabletosavemoneyisbycuttinglaborcoststhismoveseemstounderminethegovernment’sstrategy. Nowthegovernmentfacesitshardestfight.Thepoliceneedreformingmorethananyotherpublicservice.Halfofthemforinstanceretireearlyatacostof￡1billion$1.4%billionayeartothetaxpayer.Thepolicehavevoted10-1againstproposalsfromthehomesecretaryDavidBlunketttoreformtheirworkingpractices. Thisisafightthegovernmenthastowin.Ifthepolicegetawaywithitotherpublicserviceworkerswillreckontheycantoo.AndiftheyallgetawayitMrBlair’sdomesticpolicy--whichiswhatvotersaremostlikelytojudgehimonathenextelection--willbeafailure. TheconclusioncanbedrawnfromthetextthatBritain’spublicservicesmaybe
Astudyofarthistorymightbeagoodwaytolearnmoreaboutaculturethanthatispossibletolearningeneralhistoryclasses.Most1historycoursesconcentrateonpoliticseconomicsandwar.2arthistory3onmuchmorethanthisbecauseartreflectsnotonlythepoliticalvaluesofapeoplebutalsoreligious4emotionsandpsychology.5informationaboutthedailyactivitiesofourowncanbeprovidedbyart.Inshortartexpressesthe6qualitiesofatimeandaplaceandastudyofitclearlyoffersusadeeperunderstandingthanwhatcanbefoundinmosthistorybooks. Inhistorybooksobjectiveinformationaboutthepoliticallifeofacountryis7;thatisfactsaboutpoliticalaregivenbut8arenotexpressed.Artontheotherhandis9:itreflectsemotionsandimpressions.ThegreatSpanishpainterFranciscoGoyaseverelycriticizedtheSpanishgovernmentforits10ofpoweroverpeople.Overahundredyearslatersymbolic11wereusedinPabloPicasso’sGuemicatoexpressthe12ofwar.13onanothercontinentthepowerfulpaintingsofDiegoRiveradepictedtheseMexicanartists’concealed14andsadnessaboutsocialproblems. Inthesamewayartcan15aculture’sreligiousbeliefs.ForhundredsofyearsinEuropereligiousartwas16theonlytypeofartthatexisted.ChurchesandotherreligiousbuildingswerefilledwithpaintingsthatdepictedpeopleandstoriesfromtheBible.17mostpeoplecouldn’treadtheycouldstillunderstandbiblicalstoriesinthepicturesonchurchwalls.18oneofthemaincharacteristicsofartintheMiddleEastwasandstillisits19ofhumanandanimalimages.ThisreflectstheIslamicbeliefthatstatuesare20 Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.15
Directions: YouaregoingtoreadatextaboutGold-MedalWorkoutsfollowedbyalistofexamples.ChoosethebestexamplefromthelistA-Fforeachnumberedsubheading41-45.Thereisoneextraexamplewhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.D rawingonbiomechanicsandothersportsscienceOlympichopefulstargetjusttherightmusclesandmoves.Olympiansofyesteryearsharedthesamegoalbuttheywouldhardlyrecognizetoday’strainingtechniques.ToachievetoOlympianidealof"fasterhigherstronger"coachesnowrealizeathletesdon’thavetotrainmorebuttheydohavetotrainsmarter.That’swhythesedayscross-countryNordicskierskneelonskateboardsandtugonpulleystohaulthemselvesuparamp. Byanalyzingeverymotionthatgoesintoaskijumporalugerunthescienceofbiomechanicsbreaksdowneventsintotheircomponentpartsanddetermineswhichmovementsofwhichmusclesarethekeytoasuperlativeperformance.Knowingthatiscrucialforasimplehuttomanycoachesandtrainersunexpectedreason:itturnsoutthatalthoughtrainingforgeneralconditioningimprovesfitnessthebestwaytoboostperformanceisbyworkingthemusclesandpracticingthemovesthatwillbeusedincompetition.It’scalledsport-specifictraining. 41.Waystoworktherightmusclesandtraintherightpatternsofmovement. Sport-specifictrainingdoesn’thavetomeanrunningtheactualcourseorperformingtheexactevent.Thereareotherwaystoworktherightmusclesandtraintherightpatternofmovement.DoingsitupsonaSwissballforinstancedevelopstorsocontrolaswellasstrength.TheFinnishice-hockeyteamrecentlyaddedacrobaticstoitstrainingregimebecauseithelpsplayerstobalanceontheicesaysheadcoachRaimoSummanen. Performance-enhancingstrategies. Theadvancesinphysiologythathaverevolutionizedtrainingaregivingsportsscientistsabetterunder-standingofhowtoimprovestrengthpowerspeedandbothaerobicandanaerobicfitness: 42.Trainingthestart-up. Speedispartlygenetic.Astarsprinterisprobablybornwithapreponderanceoffasttwitchmusclefiberswhichfirerepeatedlywithonlymicrosecondrestsinbetween.Speedtrainingthereforeaimstorecruitmorefast-twitchfibersandincreasethespeedofnervesignalsthatcommandmusclestomove. 43.Strengthreflectsthepercentageofmusclefibersthebodycanrecruitforagivenmovement. "Someonewithpurestrengthcanrecruit90percentofthesefiberswhilesomeoneelserecruitsonly50percent"saystheUSOC’sDavis. 44.Developinganaerobicfitness. Anaerobicfitnesskeepsthemusclesmovingevenwhentheheartcan’tprovideenoughoxygen.TopostponethepointwhenacidbeginstoaccumulateoratleasttrainthebodytotolerateitJimWalkerhasthespeedskatersheworkswithpushthemselvesbeyondwhattheyneedtodoincompetition. Powerisstrengthwithspeed. "Oneofthebiggestchangesinstrengthtrainingisthatwe’regettingawayfrompurestrengthandemphasizingpowerorexplosivestrength"saysUSOCstrength-and-conditioningcoordinatorKevinEbel. 45.Difficultiesunderway. It’sstilldifficulttopersuadecoachestoletsportsscientistsmesswiththeirathletes. ToovercomesuchresistancetheUSOC’sPeterDavishassetup"performance-enhancingteams"wherecoachesandscientistsputtheirheadstogetherandapplythebestsciencetotraining.ComeFebruarytheworldwillseehowsciencefaredinitsattempttomoldathleticexcellence. [A]ZachLundracesskeletonahead-firstbelly-downsledraceinwhichthestartiscrucial.Hehastosprintinabent-overpositionpushinghissledalongthetrackthenhopinwithoutslowingthesled."Youhavetogofromahardsprinttobeingreallycalminordertogodownthetrackwell"saysLund.Toimprovehisspeedhedoeslegpresseswhilelyingonhisbackorlegcurlsonhisstomachbringinghisfoottohisbackside. [B]Despitethefindingthatdraftingreducesthedemandontheheartofaspeedskaterandgenerallyimprovesperformanceforinstancemostskatersstillprefertogooutfastandfirst. [C]Sprinterswhoskate500metersintheOlympicsforinstancepowerthroughmultiple300metersanddoitfasterthantheyskatethe500.Byraisingtheanaerobicthresholdthetraininggivesskatersabettershotatexplodingwithasprintatthefinish. [D]Lugeforinstancerequiresprecisecontrolofinfinitesimalmusclemovements:"Overcorrectonaturn"saysdriverMarkGrimmette"andyou’redead.’ToachievethatprecisecontrolheandhisdoublespartnerBrianMartindevoteagoodchunkoftheirtrainingtimetoexercisesonthosesquishyrubberspherescalledSwissballs. [E]AerobicfitnessishockeystarCammiGranato’sgoaloneautumnmorningasshepedalsastationarybikewithsweatyfuryattheUSOCtrainingcenterinLakePlacidNewYork.WhenGranatofinallystaggersoffthebikeandcrumplesontothepaddedplatformshe’s’hadatougherworkoutthaninanyhockeyperiod--whichisexactlythepoint. [F]Thethigh’squadricepsforinstanceconsistofmillionsoffibersorganizedintowhatarecalledmotorunits.Whenaspeedskaterpushesofftheiceherecruitsacertainpercentageofthemtofire;theothersarerelaxingandsodonotcontributetothemovement. 43
ForTonyBlairhomeisamessysortofplacewheretheprimeminister’sjobisnottoupholdeternalvaluesbuttoforcethroughsomeunpopularchangesthatmaymakethecountryworkabitbetter.Theareawherethisismostobviousandwhereitmattersmostisthepublicservices.MrBlairfacesadifficultyherewhichispartlyofhisownmaking.Byfocusinghislastelectioncampaignontheneedtoimprovehospitalsschoolstransportandpolicinghebuiltupexpectations.MrBlairhassaidmanytimesthatreformsinthewaythepublicservicesworkneedtogoalongsideincreasesincash. MrBlairhasmadehistaskharderbycommittingaclassicnegotiatingerror.Insteadofextractingconcessionsfromtheothersidebeforepromisinghisownhehaspledgedhimselftohigherspendingonpublicserviceswithoutgettingacommitmenttochangefromtheunions.WhygiventhatthispledgehasbeenmadeshouldthehealthunionsgivegroundinreturnInaspeechonMarch20thGordonBrownthechancelloroftheexchequersaidthat"thesomething-for-nothingdaysareoverinourpublicservicesandtherecanbenoblankcheques."Butthegovernmentalreadyseemstohavegivenhealthworkersablankcheque. Norareotherministriesconveyingquitethesamemessageasthetreasury.OnMarch19thJohnHuttonahealthministerannouncedthatcleanersandcateringstaffinnewprivately-fundedhospitalsworkingfortheNationalHealthservicewillstillbegovernmentemployeesentitledtothesamepayandconditionsasotherhealth-serviceworkers.Sinceoneofthemainwaysinwhichthegovernmenthopestoreformthepublicsectorisbyusingprivateprovidersandsinceoneofthemainwaysinwhichprivateprovidersarelikelytobeabletosavemoneyisbycuttinglaborcoststhismoveseemstounderminethegovernment’sstrategy. Nowthegovernmentfacesitshardestfight.Thepoliceneedreformingmorethananyotherpublicservice.Halfofthemforinstanceretireearlyatacostof￡1billion$1.4%billionayeartothetaxpayer.Thepolicehavevoted10-1againstproposalsfromthehomesecretaryDavidBlunketttoreformtheirworkingpractices. Thisisafightthegovernmenthastowin.Ifthepolicegetawaywithitotherpublicserviceworkerswillreckontheycantoo.AndiftheyallgetawayitMrBlair’sdomesticpolicy--whichiswhatvotersaremostlikelytojudgehimonathenextelection--willbeafailure. TheviewsofGordonBrownandJohnHuttononpublicservicesreformsare
DrawingonbiomechanicsandothersportsscienceOlympichopefulstargetjusttherightmusclesandmoves.Olympiansofyesteryearsharedthesamegoalbuttheywouldhardlyrecognizetoday’strainingtechniques.ToachievetoOlympianidealof"fasterhigherstronger"coachesnowrealizeathletesdon’thavetotrainmorebuttheydohavetotrainsmarter.That’swhythesedayscross-countryNordicskierskneelonskateboardsandtugonpulleystohaulthemselvesuparamp. Byanalyzingeverymotionthatgoesintoaskijumporalugerunthescienceofbiomechanicsbreaksdowneventsintotheircomponentpartsanddetermineswhichmovementsofwhichmusclesarethekeytoasuperlativeperformance.Knowingthatiscrucialforasimplehuttomanycoachesandtrainersunexpectedreason:itturnsoutthatalthoughtrainingforgeneralconditioningimprovesfitnessthebestwaytoboostperformanceisbyworkingthemusclesandpracticingthemovesthatwillbeusedincompetition.It’scalledsport-specifictraining. 41.Waystoworktherightmusclesandtraintherightpatternsofmovement. Sport-specifictrainingdoesn’thavetomeanrunningtheactualcourseorperformingtheexactevent.Thereareotherwaystoworktherightmusclesandtraintherightpatternofmovement.DoingsitupsonaSwissballforinstancedevelopstorsocontrolaswellasstrength.TheFinnishice-hockeyteamrecentlyaddedacrobaticstoitstrainingregimebecauseithelpsplayerstobalanceontheicesaysheadcoachRaimoSummanen. Performance-enhancingstrategies. Theadvancesinphysiologythathaverevolutionizedtrainingaregivingsportsscientistsabetterunder-standingofhowtoimprovestrengthpowerspeedandbothaerobicandanaerobicfitness: 42.Trainingthestart-up. Speedispartlygenetic.Astarsprinterisprobablybornwithapreponderanceoffasttwitchmusclefiberswhichfirerepeatedlywithonlymicrosecondrestsinbetween.Speedtrainingthereforeaimstorecruitmorefast-twitchfibersandincreasethespeedofnervesignalsthatcommandmusclestomove. 43.Strengthreflectsthepercentageofmusclefibersthebodycanrecruitforagivenmovement. "Someonewithpurestrengthcanrecruit90percentofthesefiberswhilesomeoneelserecruitsonly50percent"saystheUSOC’sDavis. 44.Developinganaerobicfitness. Anaerobicfitnesskeepsthemusclesmovingevenwhentheheartcan’tprovideenoughoxygen.TopostponethepointwhenacidbeginstoaccumulateoratleasttrainthebodytotolerateitJimWalkerhasthespeedskatersheworkswithpushthemselvesbeyondwhattheyneedtodoincompetition. Powerisstrengthwithspeed. "Oneofthebiggestchangesinstrengthtrainingisthatwe’regettingawayfrompurestrengthandemphasizingpowerorexplosivestrength"saysUSOCstrength-and-conditioningcoordinatorKevinEbel. 45.Difficultiesunderway. It’sstilldifficulttopersuadecoachestoletsportsscientistsmesswiththeirathletes. ToovercomesuchresistancetheUSOC’sPeterDavishassetup"performance-enhancingteams"wherecoachesandscientistsputtheirheadstogetherandapplythebestsciencetotraining.ComeFebruarytheworldwillseehowsciencefaredinitsattempttomoldathleticexcellence. [A]ZachLundracesskeletonahead-firstbelly-downsledraceinwhichthestartiscrucial.Hehastosprintinabent-overpositionpushinghissledalongthetrackthenhopinwithoutslowingthesled."Youhavetogofromahardsprinttobeingreallycalminordertogodownthetrackwell"saysLund.Toimprovehisspeedhedoeslegpresseswhilelyingonhisbackorlegcurlsonhisstomachbringinghisfoottohisbackside. [B]Despitethefindingthatdraftingreducesthedemandontheheartofaspeedskaterandgenerallyimprovesperformanceforinstancemostskatersstillprefertogooutfastandfirst. [C]Sprinterswhoskate500metersintheOlympicsforinstancepowerthroughmultiple300metersanddoitfasterthantheyskatethe500.Byraisingtheanaerobicthresholdthetraininggivesskatersabettershotatexplodingwithasprintatthefinish. [D]Lugeforinstancerequiresprecisecontrolofinfinitesimalmusclemovements:"Overcorrectonaturn"saysdriverMarkGrimmette"andyou’redead.’ToachievethatprecisecontrolheandhisdoublespartnerBrianMartindevoteagoodchunkoftheirtrainingtimetoexercisesonthosesquishyrubberspherescalledSwissballs. [E]AerobicfitnessishockeystarCammiGranato’sgoaloneautumnmorningasshepedalsastationarybikewithsweatyfuryattheUSOCtrainingcenterinLakePlacidNewYork.WhenGranatofinallystaggersoffthebikeandcrumplesontothepaddedplatformshe’s’hadatougherworkoutthaninanyhockeyperiod--whichisexactlythepoint. [F]Thethigh’squadricepsforinstanceconsistofmillionsoffibersorganizedintowhatarecalledmotorunits.Whenaspeedskaterpushesofftheiceherecruitsacertainpercentageofthemtofire;theothersarerelaxingandsodonotcontributetothemovement. 41
Astudyofarthistorymightbeagoodwaytolearnmoreaboutaculturethanthatispossibletolearningeneralhistoryclasses.Most1historycoursesconcentrateonpoliticseconomicsandwar.2arthistory3onmuchmorethanthisbecauseartreflectsnotonlythepoliticalvaluesofapeoplebutalsoreligious4emotionsandpsychology.5informationaboutthedailyactivitiesofourowncanbeprovidedbyart.Inshortartexpressesthe6qualitiesofatimeandaplaceandastudyofitclearlyoffersusadeeperunderstandingthanwhatcanbefoundinmosthistorybooks. Inhistorybooksobjectiveinformationaboutthepoliticallifeofacountryis7;thatisfactsaboutpoliticalaregivenbut8arenotexpressed.Artontheotherhandis9:itreflectsemotionsandimpressions.ThegreatSpanishpainterFranciscoGoyaseverelycriticizedtheSpanishgovernmentforits10ofpoweroverpeople.Overahundredyearslatersymbolic11wereusedinPabloPicasso’sGuemicatoexpressthe12ofwar.13onanothercontinentthepowerfulpaintingsofDiegoRiveradepictedtheseMexicanartists’concealed14andsadnessaboutsocialproblems. Inthesamewayartcan15aculture’sreligiousbeliefs.ForhundredsofyearsinEuropereligiousartwas16theonlytypeofartthatexisted.ChurchesandotherreligiousbuildingswerefilledwithpaintingsthatdepictedpeopleandstoriesfromtheBible.17mostpeoplecouldn’treadtheycouldstillunderstandbiblicalstoriesinthepicturesonchurchwalls.18oneofthemaincharacteristicsofartintheMiddleEastwasandstillisits19ofhumanandanimalimages.ThisreflectstheIslamicbeliefthatstatuesare20 Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.13
Europeisdesperatetosucceedinbusiness.TwoyearsagotheEuropeanUnion’sLisbonsummitSetagoalofbecomingtheworld’sleadingeconomyby2010.Butsuccessasanynewageexecutivecoachmighttellyourequiresconfrontingthefearoffailure.ThatiswhyEurope’sapproachtobankruptcyurgentlyneedsreform. InEuropeasintheUnitedStatesmanyheavilyindebtedcompaniesareshuttingupshopjustastheeconomybeginstorecover.Ironicallytheupturnisoftenthemomentwhenweakfirmsfinallyfail.ButAmerica’sfailureshaveabigadvantageoverEurope’sweaklings:theircountry’smorerelaxedapproachtobankruptcy. IntheUnitedStatestheChapter11lawmakesgoingbustanorderlyandevenroutineprocess.Firmsintroublesimplyapplyforbreathingspacefromcreditors.Managerssubmitaplanofreorganizationtoajudgeandcreditorsdecidewhethertogiveitagoortocomeupwithoneoftheirown.Creditorshaveasayinwhethertokeepthefirmrunningortoliquidateit.Iftheykeepitrunningtheyoftenendupwithabigchunkofequityifnotoutrightcontrol. ButshuttingabustEuropeancompanyisharderintwootherways.FirstwithnoequivalentofChapter11bankruptcyforcescompaniestostoptradingabruptly.Thatdamagesthevalueofthecreditors’potentialassetsandmayalsocausehavocforcustomers.SecondacompanythattradesacrosstheEuropeanUnionwillfindthatithastoabidebydifferentbankruptcylawsinthe15memberstateswhosecourtsandadministratorsmaymakeconflictingandsometimesincompatiblestipulations. Theabsenceofprovisionfornegotiationsbetweencompaniesandcreditorsincreasesthetemptationforgovernmenttostepin.Whengovernmentsdonotcometotherescuethelackofclearrulescanleadtochaos.AsaresultofallthisEurope’steeteringfirmsmissthechancetobecomemorecompetitivebysellingassetstootherswhomightmanagethemmoreefficiently.TheirsicklyAmericanrivalssurvivetransformedtosweepthefield. AnopportunitynowexiststothinkagainaboutEurope’sapproachtobankruptcy.TheEuropeanUnionisexpectedtoissueanewdirectiveonthesubjectinMay.Germanyhasbeguntoupdateitsinsolvencylaw.AndlastyearBritainproducedawhitepapersayingthatarigidapproachtobankruptcycouldstiflethegrowthneededtomeetLisbon’sgoals. Itcanbeconcludedfromthetextthattheabsenceofrelevantlawsconcerningbankruptcymaymoreoftenthannotresultin
WhenitcomestosuingdoctorsPhiladelphiaishardlythecityofbrotherlylove.AcombinationofsprightlylawyersandsympatheticjurieshasmadePhiladelphiaahotspotformedical-malpracticelawsuits.Since1995Pennsylvaniastatecourtshaveawardedanaverageof$2minsuchcasesaccordingtoJuryVerdictResearchasurveyfirm.Somemedicalspecialistshaveseentheirmalpracticeinsurancepremiumsnearlydoubleoverthepastyear.Obstetriciansarenowpayingupto$104000ayeartoprotectthemselves. Theinsuranceindustryislargelytoblame.CarolGolintheMonitor’seditorarguesthatinthe1990sinsurerstriedtograbmarketsharebyofferingartificiallylowratesbettingthatanylosseswouldbecoveredbygainsontheirinvestments.Thestock-marketcorrectioncoupledwiththelargelegalawardshaserodedtheinsurers’reserves.ThreeinPennsylvaniaalonehavegonebust. Afewdoctors--particularlyolderones--willquit.Therestareadapting.Someareabandoninglitigation-proneproceduressuchasdeliveringbabies.Othersaremovingpartsoftheirpracticetoneighboringstateswhereinsuranceratesarelower.SomefromPennsylvaniahaveopenedofficesinNewJersey.Newdoctorsmayalsobedeterredfromsettingupshopinlitigationhavenshoweverprestigious. DespiteaRepublicanpresidenttortreformhasgotnowhereatthefederallevel.IndeeddoctorscouldgetclobberedindirectlybyaPatients’BillofRightswhichwouldfurtherexposemanagedcarecompaniestolawsuits.ThisprospecthasfuelledinterestamongdoctorsinPennsylvania’snewmedicalmalpracticereformbillwhichwassignedintolawonMarch20th.Itwillamongotherthingsgivedoctors$40mofstatefundstooffsettheirinsurancepremiumsspreadthepaymentofawardsoutovertimeandprohibitindividualsfromdoubledipping--thatissuingadoctorfordamagesthathavealreadybeenpaidbytheirhealthinsurer. ButwillitreallyhelpRandallBovbjergahealthpolicyexpertattheUrbanInstitutearguesthattheonlyproperwaytoslowdownthelitigationmachinewouldbetolimitthecompensationforpainandsufferingso-called"non-monetarydamages".Needlesstosayafixedcaponsuchawardsisresistedbymosttriallawyers.ButMrBovbjergreckonsamorenuancedapproachwithaslidingscaleofpaymentsbasedonwell-definedmeasuresofinjuryisabetterwayforward.Inthemeantimedoctorsandinsurersarebracingthemselvesforacouplemoreroughyearsbeforetheinsurancecycleturns. Nobodydisputesthathospitalstaffmakemistakes:a1999InstituteofMedicinereportclaimedthaterrorskillatleast44000patientsayear.Butthereislittleevidencethatmalpracticelawsuitsontheirownwillsolvetheproblem. WecanlearnfromthebeginningofthetextthatdoctorsinPhiladelphia
黏膜白斑的特征是
Astudyofarthistorymightbeagoodwaytolearnmoreaboutaculturethanthatispossibletolearningeneralhistoryclasses.Most1historycoursesconcentrateonpoliticseconomicsandwar.2arthistory3onmuchmorethanthisbecauseartreflectsnotonlythepoliticalvaluesofapeoplebutalsoreligious4emotionsandpsychology.5informationaboutthedailyactivitiesofourowncanbeprovidedbyart.Inshortartexpressesthe6qualitiesofatimeandaplaceandastudyofitclearlyoffersusadeeperunderstandingthanwhatcanbefoundinmosthistorybooks. Inhistorybooksobjectiveinformationaboutthepoliticallifeofacountryis7;thatisfactsaboutpoliticalaregivenbut8arenotexpressed.Artontheotherhandis9:itreflectsemotionsandimpressions.ThegreatSpanishpainterFranciscoGoyaseverelycriticizedtheSpanishgovernmentforits10ofpoweroverpeople.Overahundredyearslatersymbolic11wereusedinPabloPicasso’sGuemicatoexpressthe12ofwar.13onanothercontinentthepowerfulpaintingsofDiegoRiveradepictedtheseMexicanartists’concealed14andsadnessaboutsocialproblems. Inthesamewayartcan15aculture’sreligiousbeliefs.ForhundredsofyearsinEuropereligiousartwas16theonlytypeofartthatexisted.ChurchesandotherreligiousbuildingswerefilledwithpaintingsthatdepictedpeopleandstoriesfromtheBible.17mostpeoplecouldn’treadtheycouldstillunderstandbiblicalstoriesinthepicturesonchurchwalls.18oneofthemaincharacteristicsofartintheMiddleEastwasandstillisits19ofhumanandanimalimages.ThisreflectstheIslamicbeliefthatstatuesare20 Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.7
Europeisdesperatetosucceedinbusiness.TwoyearsagotheEuropeanUnion’sLisbonsummitSetagoalofbecomingtheworld’sleadingeconomyby2010.Butsuccessasanynewageexecutivecoachmighttellyourequiresconfrontingthefearoffailure.ThatiswhyEurope’sapproachtobankruptcyurgentlyneedsreform. InEuropeasintheUnitedStatesmanyheavilyindebtedcompaniesareshuttingupshopjustastheeconomybeginstorecover.Ironicallytheupturnisoftenthemomentwhenweakfirmsfinallyfail.ButAmerica’sfailureshaveabigadvantageoverEurope’sweaklings:theircountry’smorerelaxedapproachtobankruptcy. IntheUnitedStatestheChapter11lawmakesgoingbustanorderlyandevenroutineprocess.Firmsintroublesimplyapplyforbreathingspacefromcreditors.Managerssubmitaplanofreorganizationtoajudgeandcreditorsdecidewhethertogiveitagoortocomeupwithoneoftheirown.Creditorshaveasayinwhethertokeepthefirmrunningortoliquidateit.Iftheykeepitrunningtheyoftenendupwithabigchunkofequityifnotoutrightcontrol. ButshuttingabustEuropeancompanyisharderintwootherways.FirstwithnoequivalentofChapter11bankruptcyforcescompaniestostoptradingabruptly.Thatdamagesthevalueofthecreditors’potentialassetsandmayalsocausehavocforcustomers.SecondacompanythattradesacrosstheEuropeanUnionwillfindthatithastoabidebydifferentbankruptcylawsinthe15memberstateswhosecourtsandadministratorsmaymakeconflictingandsometimesincompatiblestipulations. Theabsenceofprovisionfornegotiationsbetweencompaniesandcreditorsincreasesthetemptationforgovernmenttostepin.Whengovernmentsdonotcometotherescuethelackofclearrulescanleadtochaos.AsaresultofallthisEurope’steeteringfirmsmissthechancetobecomemorecompetitivebysellingassetstootherswhomightmanagethemmoreefficiently.TheirsicklyAmericanrivalssurvivetransformedtosweepthefield. AnopportunitynowexiststothinkagainaboutEurope’sapproachtobankruptcy.TheEuropeanUnionisexpectedtoissueanewdirectiveonthesubjectinMay.Germanyhasbeguntoupdateitsinsolvencylaw.AndlastyearBritainproducedawhitepapersayingthatarigidapproachtobankruptcycouldstiflethegrowthneededtomeetLisbon’sgoals. AccordingtotextwhatisbeyondtheabilityofEurope’sfailingfirmsnowis
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