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The idea that music makes you smarter has received considerable attention from scholars and the m...
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Hedidn’t____赞成oftheideathatmusiccouldbeplayeddurin
Thelightmusicmakesus_______
relax
relaxing
relaxed
relaxes
Doyounoticemusicplayingtherewhenyougosomewhere?Tod
---Let’sgotoTianjinMusicHall.Thesoftmusicmakesmere
Bless me
Me, too
Not me
Let me see
任务型阅读阅读短文捕捉信息根据短文完成表格内容Hiphoporrapmusicasit'salsoc
Wonderfulmusicmakespeoplegreat.Ienjoylisteningtomu
feel
to feel
feels
feeling
—Mumdoinghomeworkallthetimemakesmeadull.Whataboutg
Help yourself
Good idea
Y
—Let'sgototheconcert!Andformethesoftmusicmakesmere
Bless me
Me，too
Not me
Let me see
YouhaveprobablyheardoftheMozarteffect.It’stheideat
WeknowmusicisveryimportantinourdailylifE.Doyounoti
--Iliketo1istentoquietmusiC.LoudmusicmakesmetensE.
Sure
Be quiet
I disagree
I agree
—______?—Theloudmusicintherestaurantmakesmenervous
What kind of music do you like
Where do you listen to loud music
How is it going
What’s wrong
—Let’sgototheconcert.Ilikesoftmusicitmakesmerelax.
YouhaveprobablyheardoftheMozarteffect.It’stheideat
SongsthatmakeourheartssoarcanmakethemstrongertooUS
YouhaveprobablyheardoftheMozarteffect.It’stheideat
---Whatdoyoudoinyourfreetime?---I________listentom
hardly
especially
mostly
easily
WeknowmusicisveryimportantinourdailylifE.Doyounoti
—______—Theloudmusicintherestaurantmakesmenervous.
What kind of music do you like
Where do you listen to loud music
How is it going
What's wrong
Weknowmusicisveryimportantinourdailylife.Doyounoti
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Formostcompaniestodaygettingintonewmarketswithbettercheaperproductswhetherthroughanexpansionoranewfacilityisthesoleobjective.But1thatanddoingitprofitablymeans2andforemostknowingyouwillfindtheworkforce. Thecurrentnearlyeight-year-longeconomic3hassentunemploymentlevelsintheU.S.to4lows.Indeedaccordingtoarecentstudysome80percentofmetropolitanareastodayhaveunemploymentrates56percent;communitieswithhighlyskilledworkersarehoveringinthe2to4percentrange.Also6forthatlaborareforeigncompaniesthathavebeenoperatinghereandwanttoexpand. 7somanycompanieschasingtheworkforcethe8arehigh.Themostimportantissuefacingcorporationsisthe9ofqualifiedentry-levellaborat10wagerates. Butgettinglargegroupsofexistingemployeesto11toanewfacility—50ormorepeopleatatime—is12thesedays.Therearesomanyotherjobstobehadwithoutmoving.13thenewgenerationof20-somethingworkersismoreinterestedinstaying14tomaintainlifestylestandardandroots.Finallywithsomanymoredual-income15peopleareunwillingto16thefamilyfinancialarrangementwithamove. Thatmeansyou’reprobablygoingtobe17withtheexistinglaborpoolinyourchosenlocation.18thenumberofpeopleneededthe19ofthumbisthatforeveryonepositionyouhaveto20thereshouldbe5to10workersalreadyinthearea. 5
AUFOisageneraltermusedforany"unidentifiedflyingobject"intheskywhichcannotbe1byanobserver.MostUFOsremain2assoevenaftertheyhavebeeninvestigated.TheUFOphenomenondatesback3thebeginningofrecordedhistorybutUFOsightingshave4increasedsincethemid1940s. FromUFOvideostoUFOpicturesstoriesandotherreallife5thousandsofpeoplefromall6oflifeclaimtohaveseenthesemysteriousaerialphantoms.ManyUFOsightingsturnouttobenothingatallmereairplanesmeteorsorcomets;7manysightingshavegoneunsolvedfordecadesorevencenturies. Theterm"flyingsaucer"cameinto8useafterAmericanKennethArnoldclaimedaUFOsightingonJune241947nearMountRainierWashington.Arnoldclaimedtohaveseenasmanyasninebrightlylitobjectssoaring9thesky10heestimatedasupto1200milesperhour.Arnoldalsoreportedthattheobjectsappearedtohaveadiscor"saucer"11.12finalconclusionhaseverbeenreachedinthecase. OneofthemostfamousLIFOincidentstodatealsooccurredin1947inRoswellNewMexico.13unidentifieddebriswasrecoveredfromthe14ofaRoswellranchtheRoswellArmyAirfield15astatementsayingthata"flyingdisk"hadbeendiscovered.Theairfield16thestatementjusthourslaterclaimingitwasjustaweatherballoon.Thissparked17andnation-widerumorsofanallegedgovernment18ofanalienLIFOthathadcrashedintheNewMexicodesert.No19proofhasbeenproducedtothisdayto20thattheory. 1
Itiswidelyknownthatbirdslearntoflythroughpracticegradually1theirinnateabilityintoafinelytunedskill.2arecentstudyconductedbytheUniversityofSheffield’sDepartmentofPsychologyhasdiscoveredthatthereasonbirdslearntoflysoeasilyisbecausememoriesmayhavebeenleftbehindbytheirancestors.Theseskillsmaybeeasytoenhancebecauseofa3specifiedlatent4forflying. Theresearchersusedsimplemodelsofbrainscalled5neuralnetworksandcomputer6totesthistheory.Theydiscoveredthatlearningin7generations8inducestheformationofalatentmemoryinthecurrentgenerationand9decreasestheamountoflearningrequired.Theseeffectsareespeciallypronouncedifthereisalargebiological"fitnesscost"tolearningwherebiologicalfitnessismeasuredintermsofthenumberof10eachindividualhas. Thebeneficialeffectsoflearningalso11theunusualformofinformationstorageinneuralnetworks.12computerswhichstoreeachitemofinformationinaspecificlocationinthecomputer’smemorychipneuralnetworksstoreeachitem13overmanyneuronalconnections.14informationisstoredinthiswaythen15isacceleratedexplaininghowcomplexmotorskillssuchasnestbuildingandhuntingskillsare16byacombinationofinnateabilityandlearningovermanygenerations. Theresearchersconcludedthatthisnewtheoryhasits17inideas18byJamesBaldwinin1896whofirstlymadethecounter-intuitiveargumentthatlearningwithineachgenerationcouldguideevolutionofinnatebehavioroverfuturegenerations.Baldwinwasright19inwayslesssophisticatedthanhecouldhaveimaginedbecauseconcepts20artificialneuralnetworksanddistributedrepresentationswerenotknowninhistime. 9
Itiswidelyknownthatbirdslearntoflythroughpracticegradually1theirinnateabilityintoafinelytunedskill.2arecentstudyconductedbytheUniversityofSheffield’sDepartmentofPsychologyhasdiscoveredthatthereasonbirdslearntoflysoeasilyisbecausememoriesmayhavebeenleftbehindbytheirancestors.Theseskillsmaybeeasytoenhancebecauseofa3specifiedlatent4forflying. Theresearchersusedsimplemodelsofbrainscalled5neuralnetworksandcomputer6totesthistheory.Theydiscoveredthatlearningin7generations8inducestheformationofalatentmemoryinthecurrentgenerationand9decreasestheamountoflearningrequired.Theseeffectsareespeciallypronouncedifthereisalargebiological"fitnesscost"tolearningwherebiologicalfitnessismeasuredintermsofthenumberof10eachindividualhas. Thebeneficialeffectsoflearningalso11theunusualformofinformationstorageinneuralnetworks.12computerswhichstoreeachitemofinformationinaspecificlocationinthecomputer’smemorychipneuralnetworksstoreeachitem13overmanyneuronalconnections.14informationisstoredinthiswaythen15isacceleratedexplaininghowcomplexmotorskillssuchasnestbuildingandhuntingskillsare16byacombinationofinnateabilityandlearningovermanygenerations. Theresearchersconcludedthatthisnewtheoryhasits17inideas18byJamesBaldwinin1896whofirstlymadethecounter-intuitiveargumentthatlearningwithineachgenerationcouldguideevolutionofinnatebehavioroverfuturegenerations.Baldwinwasright19inwayslesssophisticatedthanhecouldhaveimaginedbecauseconcepts20artificialneuralnetworksanddistributedrepresentationswerenotknowninhistime. 7
AUFOisageneraltermusedforany"unidentifiedflyingobject"intheskywhichcannotbe1byanobserver.MostUFOsremain2assoevenaftertheyhavebeeninvestigated.TheUFOphenomenondatesback3thebeginningofrecordedhistorybutUFOsightingshave4increasedsincethemid1940s. FromUFOvideostoUFOpicturesstoriesandotherreallife5thousandsofpeoplefromall6oflifeclaimtohaveseenthesemysteriousaerialphantoms.ManyUFOsightingsturnouttobenothingatallmereairplanesmeteorsorcomets;7manysightingshavegoneunsolvedfordecadesorevencenturies. Theterm"flyingsaucer"cameinto8useafterAmericanKennethArnoldclaimedaUFOsightingonJune241947nearMountRainierWashington.Arnoldclaimedtohaveseenasmanyasninebrightlylitobjectssoaring9thesky10heestimatedasupto1200milesperhour.Arnoldalsoreportedthattheobjectsappearedtohaveadiscor"saucer"11.12finalconclusionhaseverbeenreachedinthecase. OneofthemostfamousLIFOincidentstodatealsooccurredin1947inRoswellNewMexico.13unidentifieddebriswasrecoveredfromthe14ofaRoswellranchtheRoswellArmyAirfield15astatementsayingthata"flyingdisk"hadbeendiscovered.Theairfield16thestatementjusthourslaterclaimingitwasjustaweatherballoon.Thissparked17andnation-widerumorsofanallegedgovernment18ofanalienLIFOthathadcrashedintheNewMexicodesert.No19proofhasbeenproducedtothisdayto20thattheory. 15
Itiswidelyknownthatbirdslearntoflythroughpracticegradually1theirinnateabilityintoafinelytunedskill.2arecentstudyconductedbytheUniversityofSheffield’sDepartmentofPsychologyhasdiscoveredthatthereasonbirdslearntoflysoeasilyisbecausememoriesmayhavebeenleftbehindbytheirancestors.Theseskillsmaybeeasytoenhancebecauseofa3specifiedlatent4forflying. Theresearchersusedsimplemodelsofbrainscalled5neuralnetworksandcomputer6totesthistheory.Theydiscoveredthatlearningin7generations8inducestheformationofalatentmemoryinthecurrentgenerationand9decreasestheamountoflearningrequired.Theseeffectsareespeciallypronouncedifthereisalargebiological"fitnesscost"tolearningwherebiologicalfitnessismeasuredintermsofthenumberof10eachindividualhas. Thebeneficialeffectsoflearningalso11theunusualformofinformationstorageinneuralnetworks.12computerswhichstoreeachitemofinformationinaspecificlocationinthecomputer’smemorychipneuralnetworksstoreeachitem13overmanyneuronalconnections.14informationisstoredinthiswaythen15isacceleratedexplaininghowcomplexmotorskillssuchasnestbuildingandhuntingskillsare16byacombinationofinnateabilityandlearningovermanygenerations. Theresearchersconcludedthatthisnewtheoryhasits17inideas18byJamesBaldwinin1896whofirstlymadethecounter-intuitiveargumentthatlearningwithineachgenerationcouldguideevolutionofinnatebehavioroverfuturegenerations.Baldwinwasright19inwayslesssophisticatedthanhecouldhaveimaginedbecauseconcepts20artificialneuralnetworksanddistributedrepresentationswerenotknowninhistime. 11
AUFOisageneraltermusedforany"unidentifiedflyingobject"intheskywhichcannotbe1byanobserver.MostUFOsremain2assoevenaftertheyhavebeeninvestigated.TheUFOphenomenondatesback3thebeginningofrecordedhistorybutUFOsightingshave4increasedsincethemid1940s. FromUFOvideostoUFOpicturesstoriesandotherreallife5thousandsofpeoplefromall6oflifeclaimtohaveseenthesemysteriousaerialphantoms.ManyUFOsightingsturnouttobenothingatallmereairplanesmeteorsorcomets;7manysightingshavegoneunsolvedfordecadesorevencenturies. Theterm"flyingsaucer"cameinto8useafterAmericanKennethArnoldclaimedaUFOsightingonJune241947nearMountRainierWashington.Arnoldclaimedtohaveseenasmanyasninebrightlylitobjectssoaring9thesky10heestimatedasupto1200milesperhour.Arnoldalsoreportedthattheobjectsappearedtohaveadiscor"saucer"11.12finalconclusionhaseverbeenreachedinthecase. OneofthemostfamousLIFOincidentstodatealsooccurredin1947inRoswellNewMexico.13unidentifieddebriswasrecoveredfromthe14ofaRoswellranchtheRoswellArmyAirfield15astatementsayingthata"flyingdisk"hadbeendiscovered.Theairfield16thestatementjusthourslaterclaimingitwasjustaweatherballoon.Thissparked17andnation-widerumorsofanallegedgovernment18ofanalienLIFOthathadcrashedintheNewMexicodesert.No19proofhasbeenproducedtothisdayto20thattheory. 3
AUFOisageneraltermusedforany"unidentifiedflyingobject"intheskywhichcannotbe1byanobserver.MostUFOsremain2assoevenaftertheyhavebeeninvestigated.TheUFOphenomenondatesback3thebeginningofrecordedhistorybutUFOsightingshave4increasedsincethemid1940s. FromUFOvideostoUFOpicturesstoriesandotherreallife5thousandsofpeoplefromall6oflifeclaimtohaveseenthesemysteriousaerialphantoms.ManyUFOsightingsturnouttobenothingatallmereairplanesmeteorsorcomets;7manysightingshavegoneunsolvedfordecadesorevencenturies. Theterm"flyingsaucer"cameinto8useafterAmericanKennethArnoldclaimedaUFOsightingonJune241947nearMountRainierWashington.Arnoldclaimedtohaveseenasmanyasninebrightlylitobjectssoaring9thesky10heestimatedasupto1200milesperhour.Arnoldalsoreportedthattheobjectsappearedtohaveadiscor"saucer"11.12finalconclusionhaseverbeenreachedinthecase. OneofthemostfamousLIFOincidentstodatealsooccurredin1947inRoswellNewMexico.13unidentifieddebriswasrecoveredfromthe14ofaRoswellranchtheRoswellArmyAirfield15astatementsayingthata"flyingdisk"hadbeendiscovered.Theairfield16thestatementjusthourslaterclaimingitwasjustaweatherballoon.Thissparked17andnation-widerumorsofanallegedgovernment18ofanalienLIFOthathadcrashedintheNewMexicodesert.No19proofhasbeenproducedtothisdayto20thattheory. 19
AUFOisageneraltermusedforany"unidentifiedflyingobject"intheskywhichcannotbe1byanobserver.MostUFOsremain2assoevenaftertheyhavebeeninvestigated.TheUFOphenomenondatesback3thebeginningofrecordedhistorybutUFOsightingshave4increasedsincethemid1940s. FromUFOvideostoUFOpicturesstoriesandotherreallife5thousandsofpeoplefromall6oflifeclaimtohaveseenthesemysteriousaerialphantoms.ManyUFOsightingsturnouttobenothingatallmereairplanesmeteorsorcomets;7manysightingshavegoneunsolvedfordecadesorevencenturies. Theterm"flyingsaucer"cameinto8useafterAmericanKennethArnoldclaimedaUFOsightingonJune241947nearMountRainierWashington.Arnoldclaimedtohaveseenasmanyasninebrightlylitobjectssoaring9thesky10heestimatedasupto1200milesperhour.Arnoldalsoreportedthattheobjectsappearedtohaveadiscor"saucer"11.12finalconclusionhaseverbeenreachedinthecase. OneofthemostfamousLIFOincidentstodatealsooccurredin1947inRoswellNewMexico.13unidentifieddebriswasrecoveredfromthe14ofaRoswellranchtheRoswellArmyAirfield15astatementsayingthata"flyingdisk"hadbeendiscovered.Theairfield16thestatementjusthourslaterclaimingitwasjustaweatherballoon.Thissparked17andnation-widerumorsofanallegedgovernment18ofanalienLIFOthathadcrashedintheNewMexicodesert.No19proofhasbeenproducedtothisdayto20thattheory. 17
AUFOisageneraltermusedforany"unidentifiedflyingobject"intheskywhichcannotbe1byanobserver.MostUFOsremain2assoevenaftertheyhavebeeninvestigated.TheUFOphenomenondatesback3thebeginningofrecordedhistorybutUFOsightingshave4increasedsincethemid1940s. FromUFOvideostoUFOpicturesstoriesandotherreallife5thousandsofpeoplefromall6oflifeclaimtohaveseenthesemysteriousaerialphantoms.ManyUFOsightingsturnouttobenothingatallmereairplanesmeteorsorcomets;7manysightingshavegoneunsolvedfordecadesorevencenturies. Theterm"flyingsaucer"cameinto8useafterAmericanKennethArnoldclaimedaUFOsightingonJune241947nearMountRainierWashington.Arnoldclaimedtohaveseenasmanyasninebrightlylitobjectssoaring9thesky10heestimatedasupto1200milesperhour.Arnoldalsoreportedthattheobjectsappearedtohaveadiscor"saucer"11.12finalconclusionhaseverbeenreachedinthecase. OneofthemostfamousLIFOincidentstodatealsooccurredin1947inRoswellNewMexico.13unidentifieddebriswasrecoveredfromthe14ofaRoswellranchtheRoswellArmyAirfield15astatementsayingthata"flyingdisk"hadbeendiscovered.Theairfield16thestatementjusthourslaterclaimingitwasjustaweatherballoon.Thissparked17andnation-widerumorsofanallegedgovernment18ofanalienLIFOthathadcrashedintheNewMexicodesert.No19proofhasbeenproducedtothisdayto20thattheory. 13
Itiswidelyknownthatbirdslearntoflythroughpracticegradually1theirinnateabilityintoafinelytunedskill.2arecentstudyconductedbytheUniversityofSheffield’sDepartmentofPsychologyhasdiscoveredthatthereasonbirdslearntoflysoeasilyisbecausememoriesmayhavebeenleftbehindbytheirancestors.Theseskillsmaybeeasytoenhancebecauseofa3specifiedlatent4forflying. Theresearchersusedsimplemodelsofbrainscalled5neuralnetworksandcomputer6totesthistheory.Theydiscoveredthatlearningin7generations8inducestheformationofalatentmemoryinthecurrentgenerationand9decreasestheamountoflearningrequired.Theseeffectsareespeciallypronouncedifthereisalargebiological"fitnesscost"tolearningwherebiologicalfitnessismeasuredintermsofthenumberof10eachindividualhas. Thebeneficialeffectsoflearningalso11theunusualformofinformationstorageinneuralnetworks.12computerswhichstoreeachitemofinformationinaspecificlocationinthecomputer’smemorychipneuralnetworksstoreeachitem13overmanyneuronalconnections.14informationisstoredinthiswaythen15isacceleratedexplaininghowcomplexmotorskillssuchasnestbuildingandhuntingskillsare16byacombinationofinnateabilityandlearningovermanygenerations. Theresearchersconcludedthatthisnewtheoryhasits17inideas18byJamesBaldwinin1896whofirstlymadethecounter-intuitiveargumentthatlearningwithineachgenerationcouldguideevolutionofinnatebehavioroverfuturegenerations.Baldwinwasright19inwayslesssophisticatedthanhecouldhaveimaginedbecauseconcepts20artificialneuralnetworksanddistributedrepresentationswerenotknowninhistime. 13
Formostcompaniestodaygettingintonewmarketswithbettercheaperproductswhetherthroughanexpansionoranewfacilityisthesoleobjective.But1thatanddoingitprofitablymeans2andforemostknowingyouwillfindtheworkforce. Thecurrentnearlyeight-year-longeconomic3hassentunemploymentlevelsintheU.S.to4lows.Indeedaccordingtoarecentstudysome80percentofmetropolitanareastodayhaveunemploymentrates56percent;communitieswithhighlyskilledworkersarehoveringinthe2to4percentrange.Also6forthatlaborareforeigncompaniesthathavebeenoperatinghereandwanttoexpand. 7somanycompanieschasingtheworkforcethe8arehigh.Themostimportantissuefacingcorporationsisthe9ofqualifiedentry-levellaborat10wagerates. Butgettinglargegroupsofexistingemployeesto11toanewfacility—50ormorepeopleatatime—is12thesedays.Therearesomanyotherjobstobehadwithoutmoving.13thenewgenerationof20-somethingworkersismoreinterestedinstaying14tomaintainlifestylestandardandroots.Finallywithsomanymoredual-income15peopleareunwillingto16thefamilyfinancialarrangementwithamove. Thatmeansyou’reprobablygoingtobe17withtheexistinglaborpoolinyourchosenlocation.18thenumberofpeopleneededthe19ofthumbisthatforeveryonepositionyouhaveto20thereshouldbe5to10workersalreadyinthearea. 19
AUFOisageneraltermusedforany"unidentifiedflyingobject"intheskywhichcannotbe1byanobserver.MostUFOsremain2assoevenaftertheyhavebeeninvestigated.TheUFOphenomenondatesback3thebeginningofrecordedhistorybutUFOsightingshave4increasedsincethemid1940s. FromUFOvideostoUFOpicturesstoriesandotherreallife5thousandsofpeoplefromall6oflifeclaimtohaveseenthesemysteriousaerialphantoms.ManyUFOsightingsturnouttobenothingatallmereairplanesmeteorsorcomets;7manysightingshavegoneunsolvedfordecadesorevencenturies. Theterm"flyingsaucer"cameinto8useafterAmericanKennethArnoldclaimedaUFOsightingonJune241947nearMountRainierWashington.Arnoldclaimedtohaveseenasmanyasninebrightlylitobjectssoaring9thesky10heestimatedasupto1200milesperhour.Arnoldalsoreportedthattheobjectsappearedtohaveadiscor"saucer"11.12finalconclusionhaseverbeenreachedinthecase. OneofthemostfamousLIFOincidentstodatealsooccurredin1947inRoswellNewMexico.13unidentifieddebriswasrecoveredfromthe14ofaRoswellranchtheRoswellArmyAirfield15astatementsayingthata"flyingdisk"hadbeendiscovered.Theairfield16thestatementjusthourslaterclaimingitwasjustaweatherballoon.Thissparked17andnation-widerumorsofanallegedgovernment18ofanalienLIFOthathadcrashedintheNewMexicodesert.No19proofhasbeenproducedtothisdayto20thattheory. 11
Theterme-commercereferstoallcommercialtransactionsconductedovertheInternetincludingtransactionsbyconsumersandbusiness-to-businesstransactions.Conceptuallye-commercedoesnot1fromwell-knowncommercialofferingssuchasbankingbyphone"mailorder"catalogsorsendingapurchaseordertosupplier2fax.E-commercefollowsthesamemodel3inotherbusinesstransactions;thedifference4inthedetails. Toaconsumerthemostvisibleformofe-commerceconsists5onlineordering.Acustomerbeginswithacatalogofpossibleitems6anitemarrangesaformofpaymentand7anorder.Insteadofaphysicalcataloge-commercearrangesforcatalogstobe8ontheInternet.Insteadofsendinganorderonpaperorbytelephonee-commercearrangesfororderstobesent9acomputernetwork.Finallyinsteadofsendingapaperrepresentationofpaymentsuchasachecke-commerce10onetosendpaymentinformationelectronically. Inthedecade111993e-commercegrewfroman12noveltytoamainstreambusinessinfluence.In1993few13hadawebpageand14ahandfulallowedonetoorderproductsorservicesonline.Tenyears15bothlargeandsmallbusinesseshadwebpagesandmost16userswiththeopportunitytoplaceanorder.17manybanksaddedonlineaccess18onlinebankingandbillpayingbecame19.Moreimportantlythevalueofgoodsandservices20overtheInternetgrewdramaticallyafter1997. 17
Formostcompaniestodaygettingintonewmarketswithbettercheaperproductswhetherthroughanexpansionoranewfacilityisthesoleobjective.But1thatanddoingitprofitablymeans2andforemostknowingyouwillfindtheworkforce. Thecurrentnearlyeight-year-longeconomic3hassentunemploymentlevelsintheU.S.to4lows.Indeedaccordingtoarecentstudysome80percentofmetropolitanareastodayhaveunemploymentrates56percent;communitieswithhighlyskilledworkersarehoveringinthe2to4percentrange.Also6forthatlaborareforeigncompaniesthathavebeenoperatinghereandwanttoexpand. 7somanycompanieschasingtheworkforcethe8arehigh.Themostimportantissuefacingcorporationsisthe9ofqualifiedentry-levellaborat10wagerates. Butgettinglargegroupsofexistingemployeesto11toanewfacility—50ormorepeopleatatime—is12thesedays.Therearesomanyotherjobstobehadwithoutmoving.13thenewgenerationof20-somethingworkersismoreinterestedinstaying14tomaintainlifestylestandardandroots.Finallywithsomanymoredual-income15peopleareunwillingto16thefamilyfinancialarrangementwithamove. Thatmeansyou’reprobablygoingtobe17withtheexistinglaborpoolinyourchosenlocation.18thenumberofpeopleneededthe19ofthumbisthatforeveryonepositionyouhaveto20thereshouldbe5to10workersalreadyinthearea. 13
Itiswidelyknownthatbirdslearntoflythroughpracticegradually1theirinnateabilityintoafinelytunedskill.2arecentstudyconductedbytheUniversityofSheffield’sDepartmentofPsychologyhasdiscoveredthatthereasonbirdslearntoflysoeasilyisbecausememoriesmayhavebeenleftbehindbytheirancestors.Theseskillsmaybeeasytoenhancebecauseofa3specifiedlatent4forflying. Theresearchersusedsimplemodelsofbrainscalled5neuralnetworksandcomputer6totesthistheory.Theydiscoveredthatlearningin7generations8inducestheformationofalatentmemoryinthecurrentgenerationand9decreasestheamountoflearningrequired.Theseeffectsareespeciallypronouncedifthereisalargebiological"fitnesscost"tolearningwherebiologicalfitnessismeasuredintermsofthenumberof10eachindividualhas. Thebeneficialeffectsoflearningalso11theunusualformofinformationstorageinneuralnetworks.12computerswhichstoreeachitemofinformationinaspecificlocationinthecomputer’smemorychipneuralnetworksstoreeachitem13overmanyneuronalconnections.14informationisstoredinthiswaythen15isacceleratedexplaininghowcomplexmotorskillssuchasnestbuildingandhuntingskillsare16byacombinationofinnateabilityandlearningovermanygenerations. Theresearchersconcludedthatthisnewtheoryhasits17inideas18byJamesBaldwinin1896whofirstlymadethecounter-intuitiveargumentthatlearningwithineachgenerationcouldguideevolutionofinnatebehavioroverfuturegenerations.Baldwinwasright19inwayslesssophisticatedthanhecouldhaveimaginedbecauseconcepts20artificialneuralnetworksanddistributedrepresentationswerenotknowninhistime. 1
Formostcompaniestodaygettingintonewmarketswithbettercheaperproductswhetherthroughanexpansionoranewfacilityisthesoleobjective.But1thatanddoingitprofitablymeans2andforemostknowingyouwillfindtheworkforce. Thecurrentnearlyeight-year-longeconomic3hassentunemploymentlevelsintheU.S.to4lows.Indeedaccordingtoarecentstudysome80percentofmetropolitanareastodayhaveunemploymentrates56percent;communitieswithhighlyskilledworkersarehoveringinthe2to4percentrange.Also6forthatlaborareforeigncompaniesthathavebeenoperatinghereandwanttoexpand. 7somanycompanieschasingtheworkforcethe8arehigh.Themostimportantissuefacingcorporationsisthe9ofqualifiedentry-levellaborat10wagerates. Butgettinglargegroupsofexistingemployeesto11toanewfacility—50ormorepeopleatatime—is12thesedays.Therearesomanyotherjobstobehadwithoutmoving.13thenewgenerationof20-somethingworkersismoreinterestedinstaying14tomaintainlifestylestandardandroots.Finallywithsomanymoredual-income15peopleareunwillingto16thefamilyfinancialarrangementwithamove. Thatmeansyou’reprobablygoingtobe17withtheexistinglaborpoolinyourchosenlocation.18thenumberofpeopleneededthe19ofthumbisthatforeveryonepositionyouhaveto20thereshouldbe5to10workersalreadyinthearea. 15
Itiswidelyknownthatbirdslearntoflythroughpracticegradually1theirinnateabilityintoafinelytunedskill.2arecentstudyconductedbytheUniversityofSheffield’sDepartmentofPsychologyhasdiscoveredthatthereasonbirdslearntoflysoeasilyisbecausememoriesmayhavebeenleftbehindbytheirancestors.Theseskillsmaybeeasytoenhancebecauseofa3specifiedlatent4forflying. Theresearchersusedsimplemodelsofbrainscalled5neuralnetworksandcomputer6totesthistheory.Theydiscoveredthatlearningin7generations8inducestheformationofalatentmemoryinthecurrentgenerationand9decreasestheamountoflearningrequired.Theseeffectsareespeciallypronouncedifthereisalargebiological"fitnesscost"tolearningwherebiologicalfitnessismeasuredintermsofthenumberof10eachindividualhas. Thebeneficialeffectsoflearningalso11theunusualformofinformationstorageinneuralnetworks.12computerswhichstoreeachitemofinformationinaspecificlocationinthecomputer’smemorychipneuralnetworksstoreeachitem13overmanyneuronalconnections.14informationisstoredinthiswaythen15isacceleratedexplaininghowcomplexmotorskillssuchasnestbuildingandhuntingskillsare16byacombinationofinnateabilityandlearningovermanygenerations. Theresearchersconcludedthatthisnewtheoryhasits17inideas18byJamesBaldwinin1896whofirstlymadethecounter-intuitiveargumentthatlearningwithineachgenerationcouldguideevolutionofinnatebehavioroverfuturegenerations.Baldwinwasright19inwayslesssophisticatedthanhecouldhaveimaginedbecauseconcepts20artificialneuralnetworksanddistributedrepresentationswerenotknowninhistime. 3
Theterme-commercereferstoallcommercialtransactionsconductedovertheInternetincludingtransactionsbyconsumersandbusiness-to-businesstransactions.Conceptuallye-commercedoesnot1fromwell-knowncommercialofferingssuchasbankingbyphone"mailorder"catalogsorsendingapurchaseordertosupplier2fax.E-commercefollowsthesamemodel3inotherbusinesstransactions;thedifference4inthedetails. Toaconsumerthemostvisibleformofe-commerceconsists5onlineordering.Acustomerbeginswithacatalogofpossibleitems6anitemarrangesaformofpaymentand7anorder.Insteadofaphysicalcataloge-commercearrangesforcatalogstobe8ontheInternet.Insteadofsendinganorderonpaperorbytelephonee-commercearrangesfororderstobesent9acomputernetwork.Finallyinsteadofsendingapaperrepresentationofpaymentsuchasachecke-commerce10onetosendpaymentinformationelectronically. Inthedecade111993e-commercegrewfroman12noveltytoamainstreambusinessinfluence.In1993few13hadawebpageand14ahandfulallowedonetoorderproductsorservicesonline.Tenyears15bothlargeandsmallbusinesseshadwebpagesandmost16userswiththeopportunitytoplaceanorder.17manybanksaddedonlineaccess18onlinebankingandbillpayingbecame19.Moreimportantlythevalueofgoodsandservices20overtheInternetgrewdramaticallyafter1997. 15
Formostcompaniestodaygettingintonewmarketswithbettercheaperproductswhetherthroughanexpansionoranewfacilityisthesoleobjective.But1thatanddoingitprofitablymeans2andforemostknowingyouwillfindtheworkforce. Thecurrentnearlyeight-year-longeconomic3hassentunemploymentlevelsintheU.S.to4lows.Indeedaccordingtoarecentstudysome80percentofmetropolitanareastodayhaveunemploymentrates56percent;communitieswithhighlyskilledworkersarehoveringinthe2to4percentrange.Also6forthatlaborareforeigncompaniesthathavebeenoperatinghereandwanttoexpand. 7somanycompanieschasingtheworkforcethe8arehigh.Themostimportantissuefacingcorporationsisthe9ofqualifiedentry-levellaborat10wagerates. Butgettinglargegroupsofexistingemployeesto11toanewfacility—50ormorepeopleatatime—is12thesedays.Therearesomanyotherjobstobehadwithoutmoving.13thenewgenerationof20-somethingworkersismoreinterestedinstaying14tomaintainlifestylestandardandroots.Finallywithsomanymoredual-income15peopleareunwillingto16thefamilyfinancialarrangementwithamove. Thatmeansyou’reprobablygoingtobe17withtheexistinglaborpoolinyourchosenlocation.18thenumberofpeopleneededthe19ofthumbisthatforeveryonepositionyouhaveto20thereshouldbe5to10workersalreadyinthearea. 1
AUFOisageneraltermusedforany"unidentifiedflyingobject"intheskywhichcannotbe1byanobserver.MostUFOsremain2assoevenaftertheyhavebeeninvestigated.TheUFOphenomenondatesback3thebeginningofrecordedhistorybutUFOsightingshave4increasedsincethemid1940s. FromUFOvideostoUFOpicturesstoriesandotherreallife5thousandsofpeoplefromall6oflifeclaimtohaveseenthesemysteriousaerialphantoms.ManyUFOsightingsturnouttobenothingatallmereairplanesmeteorsorcomets;7manysightingshavegoneunsolvedfordecadesorevencenturies. Theterm"flyingsaucer"cameinto8useafterAmericanKennethArnoldclaimedaUFOsightingonJune241947nearMountRainierWashington.Arnoldclaimedtohaveseenasmanyasninebrightlylitobjectssoaring9thesky10heestimatedasupto1200milesperhour.Arnoldalsoreportedthattheobjectsappearedtohaveadiscor"saucer"11.12finalconclusionhaseverbeenreachedinthecase. OneofthemostfamousLIFOincidentstodatealsooccurredin1947inRoswellNewMexico.13unidentifieddebriswasrecoveredfromthe14ofaRoswellranchtheRoswellArmyAirfield15astatementsayingthata"flyingdisk"hadbeendiscovered.Theairfield16thestatementjusthourslaterclaimingitwasjustaweatherballoon.Thissparked17andnation-widerumorsofanallegedgovernment18ofanalienLIFOthathadcrashedintheNewMexicodesert.No19proofhasbeenproducedtothisdayto20thattheory. 5
Itiswidelyknownthatbirdslearntoflythroughpracticegradually1theirinnateabilityintoafinelytunedskill.2arecentstudyconductedbytheUniversityofSheffield’sDepartmentofPsychologyhasdiscoveredthatthereasonbirdslearntoflysoeasilyisbecausememoriesmayhavebeenleftbehindbytheirancestors.Theseskillsmaybeeasytoenhancebecauseofa3specifiedlatent4forflying. Theresearchersusedsimplemodelsofbrainscalled5neuralnetworksandcomputer6totesthistheory.Theydiscoveredthatlearningin7generations8inducestheformationofalatentmemoryinthecurrentgenerationand9decreasestheamountoflearningrequired.Theseeffectsareespeciallypronouncedifthereisalargebiological"fitnesscost"tolearningwherebiologicalfitnessismeasuredintermsofthenumberof10eachindividualhas. Thebeneficialeffectsoflearningalso11theunusualformofinformationstorageinneuralnetworks.12computerswhichstoreeachitemofinformationinaspecificlocationinthecomputer’smemorychipneuralnetworksstoreeachitem13overmanyneuronalconnections.14informationisstoredinthiswaythen15isacceleratedexplaininghowcomplexmotorskillssuchasnestbuildingandhuntingskillsare16byacombinationofinnateabilityandlearningovermanygenerations. Theresearchersconcludedthatthisnewtheoryhasits17inideas18byJamesBaldwinin1896whofirstlymadethecounter-intuitiveargumentthatlearningwithineachgenerationcouldguideevolutionofinnatebehavioroverfuturegenerations.Baldwinwasright19inwayslesssophisticatedthanhecouldhaveimaginedbecauseconcepts20artificialneuralnetworksanddistributedrepresentationswerenotknowninhistime. 5
AUFOisageneraltermusedforany"unidentifiedflyingobject"intheskywhichcannotbe1byanobserver.MostUFOsremain2assoevenaftertheyhavebeeninvestigated.TheUFOphenomenondatesback3thebeginningofrecordedhistorybutUFOsightingshave4increasedsincethemid1940s. FromUFOvideostoUFOpicturesstoriesandotherreallife5thousandsofpeoplefromall6oflifeclaimtohaveseenthesemysteriousaerialphantoms.ManyUFOsightingsturnouttobenothingatallmereairplanesmeteorsorcomets;7manysightingshavegoneunsolvedfordecadesorevencenturies. Theterm"flyingsaucer"cameinto8useafterAmericanKennethArnoldclaimedaUFOsightingonJune241947nearMountRainierWashington.Arnoldclaimedtohaveseenasmanyasninebrightlylitobjectssoaring9thesky10heestimatedasupto1200milesperhour.Arnoldalsoreportedthattheobjectsappearedtohaveadiscor"saucer"11.12finalconclusionhaseverbeenreachedinthecase. OneofthemostfamousLIFOincidentstodatealsooccurredin1947inRoswellNewMexico.13unidentifieddebriswasrecoveredfromthe14ofaRoswellranchtheRoswellArmyAirfield15astatementsayingthata"flyingdisk"hadbeendiscovered.Theairfield16thestatementjusthourslaterclaimingitwasjustaweatherballoon.Thissparked17andnation-widerumorsofanallegedgovernment18ofanalienLIFOthathadcrashedintheNewMexicodesert.No19proofhasbeenproducedtothisdayto20thattheory. 9
Formostcompaniestodaygettingintonewmarketswithbettercheaperproductswhetherthroughanexpansionoranewfacilityisthesoleobjective.But1thatanddoingitprofitablymeans2andforemostknowingyouwillfindtheworkforce. Thecurrentnearlyeight-year-longeconomic3hassentunemploymentlevelsintheU.S.to4lows.Indeedaccordingtoarecentstudysome80percentofmetropolitanareastodayhaveunemploymentrates56percent;communitieswithhighlyskilledworkersarehoveringinthe2to4percentrange.Also6forthatlaborareforeigncompaniesthathavebeenoperatinghereandwanttoexpand. 7somanycompanieschasingtheworkforcethe8arehigh.Themostimportantissuefacingcorporationsisthe9ofqualifiedentry-levellaborat10wagerates. Butgettinglargegroupsofexistingemployeesto11toanewfacility—50ormorepeopleatatime—is12thesedays.Therearesomanyotherjobstobehadwithoutmoving.13thenewgenerationof20-somethingworkersismoreinterestedinstaying14tomaintainlifestylestandardandroots.Finallywithsomanymoredual-income15peopleareunwillingto16thefamilyfinancialarrangementwithamove. Thatmeansyou’reprobablygoingtobe17withtheexistinglaborpoolinyourchosenlocation.18thenumberofpeopleneededthe19ofthumbisthatforeveryonepositionyouhaveto20thereshouldbe5to10workersalreadyinthearea. 9
Formostcompaniestodaygettingintonewmarketswithbettercheaperproductswhetherthroughanexpansionoranewfacilityisthesoleobjective.But1thatanddoingitprofitablymeans2andforemostknowingyouwillfindtheworkforce. Thecurrentnearlyeight-year-longeconomic3hassentunemploymentlevelsintheU.S.to4lows.Indeedaccordingtoarecentstudysome80percentofmetropolitanareastodayhaveunemploymentrates56percent;communitieswithhighlyskilledworkersarehoveringinthe2to4percentrange.Also6forthatlaborareforeigncompaniesthathavebeenoperatinghereandwanttoexpand. 7somanycompanieschasingtheworkforcethe8arehigh.Themostimportantissuefacingcorporationsisthe9ofqualifiedentry-levellaborat10wagerates. Butgettinglargegroupsofexistingemployeesto11toanewfacility—50ormorepeopleatatime—is12thesedays.Therearesomanyotherjobstobehadwithoutmoving.13thenewgenerationof20-somethingworkersismoreinterestedinstaying14tomaintainlifestylestandardandroots.Finallywithsomanymoredual-income15peopleareunwillingto16thefamilyfinancialarrangementwithamove. Thatmeansyou’reprobablygoingtobe17withtheexistinglaborpoolinyourchosenlocation.18thenumberofpeopleneededthe19ofthumbisthatforeveryonepositionyouhaveto20thereshouldbe5to10workersalreadyinthearea. 7
Formostcompaniestodaygettingintonewmarketswithbettercheaperproductswhetherthroughanexpansionoranewfacilityisthesoleobjective.But1thatanddoingitprofitablymeans2andforemostknowingyouwillfindtheworkforce. Thecurrentnearlyeight-year-longeconomic3hassentunemploymentlevelsintheU.S.to4lows.Indeedaccordingtoarecentstudysome80percentofmetropolitanareastodayhaveunemploymentrates56percent;communitieswithhighlyskilledworkersarehoveringinthe2to4percentrange.Also6forthatlaborareforeigncompaniesthathavebeenoperatinghereandwanttoexpand. 7somanycompanieschasingtheworkforcethe8arehigh.Themostimportantissuefacingcorporationsisthe9ofqualifiedentry-levellaborat10wagerates. Butgettinglargegroupsofexistingemployeesto11toanewfacility—50ormorepeopleatatime—is12thesedays.Therearesomanyotherjobstobehadwithoutmoving.13thenewgenerationof20-somethingworkersismoreinterestedinstaying14tomaintainlifestylestandardandroots.Finallywithsomanymoredual-income15peopleareunwillingto16thefamilyfinancialarrangementwithamove. Thatmeansyou’reprobablygoingtobe17withtheexistinglaborpoolinyourchosenlocation.18thenumberofpeopleneededthe19ofthumbisthatforeveryonepositionyouhaveto20thereshouldbe5to10workersalreadyinthearea. 11
Formostcompaniestodaygettingintonewmarketswithbettercheaperproductswhetherthroughanexpansionoranewfacilityisthesoleobjective.But1thatanddoingitprofitablymeans2andforemostknowingyouwillfindtheworkforce. Thecurrentnearlyeight-year-longeconomic3hassentunemploymentlevelsintheU.S.to4lows.Indeedaccordingtoarecentstudysome80percentofmetropolitanareastodayhaveunemploymentrates56percent;communitieswithhighlyskilledworkersarehoveringinthe2to4percentrange.Also6forthatlaborareforeigncompaniesthathavebeenoperatinghereandwanttoexpand. 7somanycompanieschasingtheworkforcethe8arehigh.Themostimportantissuefacingcorporationsisthe9ofqualifiedentry-levellaborat10wagerates. Butgettinglargegroupsofexistingemployeesto11toanewfacility—50ormorepeopleatatime—is12thesedays.Therearesomanyotherjobstobehadwithoutmoving.13thenewgenerationof20-somethingworkersismoreinterestedinstaying14tomaintainlifestylestandardandroots.Finallywithsomanymoredual-income15peopleareunwillingto16thefamilyfinancialarrangementwithamove. Thatmeansyou’reprobablygoingtobe17withtheexistinglaborpoolinyourchosenlocation.18thenumberofpeopleneededthe19ofthumbisthatforeveryonepositionyouhaveto20thereshouldbe5to10workersalreadyinthearea. 17
Theterme-commercereferstoallcommercialtransactionsconductedovertheInternetincludingtransactionsbyconsumersandbusiness-to-businesstransactions.Conceptuallye-commercedoesnot1fromwell-knowncommercialofferingssuchasbankingbyphone"mailorder"catalogsorsendingapurchaseordertosupplier2fax.E-commercefollowsthesamemodel3inotherbusinesstransactions;thedifference4inthedetails. Toaconsumerthemostvisibleformofe-commerceconsists5onlineordering.Acustomerbeginswithacatalogofpossibleitems6anitemarrangesaformofpaymentand7anorder.Insteadofaphysicalcataloge-commercearrangesforcatalogstobe8ontheInternet.Insteadofsendinganorderonpaperorbytelephonee-commercearrangesfororderstobesent9acomputernetwork.Finallyinsteadofsendingapaperrepresentationofpaymentsuchasachecke-commerce10onetosendpaymentinformationelectronically. Inthedecade111993e-commercegrewfroman12noveltytoamainstreambusinessinfluence.In1993few13hadawebpageand14ahandfulallowedonetoorderproductsorservicesonline.Tenyears15bothlargeandsmallbusinesseshadwebpagesandmost16userswiththeopportunitytoplaceanorder.17manybanksaddedonlineaccess18onlinebankingandbillpayingbecame19.Moreimportantlythevalueofgoodsandservices20overtheInternetgrewdramaticallyafter1997. 19
AUFOisageneraltermusedforany"unidentifiedflyingobject"intheskywhichcannotbe1byanobserver.MostUFOsremain2assoevenaftertheyhavebeeninvestigated.TheUFOphenomenondatesback3thebeginningofrecordedhistorybutUFOsightingshave4increasedsincethemid1940s. FromUFOvideostoUFOpicturesstoriesandotherreallife5thousandsofpeoplefromall6oflifeclaimtohaveseenthesemysteriousaerialphantoms.ManyUFOsightingsturnouttobenothingatallmereairplanesmeteorsorcomets;7manysightingshavegoneunsolvedfordecadesorevencenturies. Theterm"flyingsaucer"cameinto8useafterAmericanKennethArnoldclaimedaUFOsightingonJune241947nearMountRainierWashington.Arnoldclaimedtohaveseenasmanyasninebrightlylitobjectssoaring9thesky10heestimatedasupto1200milesperhour.Arnoldalsoreportedthattheobjectsappearedtohaveadiscor"saucer"11.12finalconclusionhaseverbeenreachedinthecase. OneofthemostfamousLIFOincidentstodatealsooccurredin1947inRoswellNewMexico.13unidentifieddebriswasrecoveredfromthe14ofaRoswellranchtheRoswellArmyAirfield15astatementsayingthata"flyingdisk"hadbeendiscovered.Theairfield16thestatementjusthourslaterclaimingitwasjustaweatherballoon.Thissparked17andnation-widerumorsofanallegedgovernment18ofanalienLIFOthathadcrashedintheNewMexicodesert.No19proofhasbeenproducedtothisdayto20thattheory. 7
Formostcompaniestodaygettingintonewmarketswithbettercheaperproductswhetherthroughanexpansionoranewfacilityisthesoleobjective.But1thatanddoingitprofitablymeans2andforemostknowingyouwillfindtheworkforce. Thecurrentnearlyeight-year-longeconomic3hassentunemploymentlevelsintheU.S.to4lows.Indeedaccordingtoarecentstudysome80percentofmetropolitanareastodayhaveunemploymentrates56percent;communitieswithhighlyskilledworkersarehoveringinthe2to4percentrange.Also6forthatlaborareforeigncompaniesthathavebeenoperatinghereandwanttoexpand. 7somanycompanieschasingtheworkforcethe8arehigh.Themostimportantissuefacingcorporationsisthe9ofqualifiedentry-levellaborat10wagerates. Butgettinglargegroupsofexistingemployeesto11toanewfacility—50ormorepeopleatatime—is12thesedays.Therearesomanyotherjobstobehadwithoutmoving.13thenewgenerationof20-somethingworkersismoreinterestedinstaying14tomaintainlifestylestandardandroots.Finallywithsomanymoredual-income15peopleareunwillingto16thefamilyfinancialarrangementwithamove. Thatmeansyou’reprobablygoingtobe17withtheexistinglaborpoolinyourchosenlocation.18thenumberofpeopleneededthe19ofthumbisthatforeveryonepositionyouhaveto20thereshouldbe5to10workersalreadyinthearea. 3
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