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Outline: 1) present situation 2) necessity of the project 3) my suggestion
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以下哪一个属于程序性知识
Directions: YouborrowedabookfromWangLinafriendofyours.Unfortunatelyyoulostthebookandcan’tfinditanywhere.Writealettertoapologizeforittryingtomakeupforyourfault. Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use"LiMing"instead.Youdonotneedtowriteyouraddress.
在知识的建构过程中旧知识由于新知识的加入发生一定的调整和改组这叫做
Text3Eatingbetterandmoreadventurouslyisbecominganobsessionespeciallyamongpeoplewithmoneytospend.Healthiereatingandnot-sohealthyeating--aswellasthenumberandvarietyoffoodchoicesandvenuescontinuetoincreaseatanever-quick-eningpace.Globalizationisthemastertrendthatwilldrivetheworldoffoodintheyearsahead.Consumerstravelingtheglobebothvirtuallyandinrealitywillbeabletosweepupingredientspackagedfoodsrecipesandcookingtechniquesfromeverycorneroftheearthatanever-intensifyingandacceleratingpace.Formerlyremoteingredientsandcookingstylesarecreatingawholenewculinarymosaicastheyaretransplantedandreinterpretedallovertheworld.Manyfactorsarebehindthisbutnonemoresothantheinfluenceofthegreatinternationalhotelchains.VirtuallyeverychefwhohasworkedforHiltonWestinPeninsulaoranyothermajorchaingathersglobalexperienceinlocalesasdiverseasSingaporeNewOrleansTorontoandDubai.Ateachstoptheycarryawaycookingideasandtechniquestheycananddouseelsewhere.Thistrendwillgainevengreatermomentumasambitiousyoungadultsstaketheirownfuturesoninternationalizationtreatingbroaderfoodsavvyasanimportantaspectoftheirownadvancement.Youngpeoplewillneedknowledgeoffoodandingredientsfromdifferentcontinentsandculturesasoneaspectofsocializationenculturationculturalexchangeandsuccess.Incountryaftercountrythereseemslittledoubtthatglobalcuisinewillmakeitsbiggestinroadsamongtheyoungerset.Manyinthegenerationsnowcomingofagewilltreatworld-rangingfoodknowledgeandexperienceaskeyelementsinfurtheringtheirpersonalplansbusinessacumenandindividualgrowth.TheInternethasmadeglobalcontactsamatterofroutine.Computernetworkingwillpermitchefsandothersinthefoodindustryincludingconsumerstolinkdirectlywiththebestavailableauthoritiesinfarawaynationssupplementingorbypassingsecondhandsourcesofinformationaltogether.Timewithallitsimplicationswillalsobeafactorinemergingworldfoodtrends.Moreandmoreofusaredestinedtooperateonglobaltime--thatisatfulltilt24hoursaday.Thiswillbecomethenormforcompanieswithresourcesscatteredallovertheplanet.Beyondthe24hoursupermarketsmanyofusalreadytakeforgrantedtherewillalsobethree-shiftshoppingcentersopenatanyhour.Restaurantsinthegreatbusinesscapitalsintentoncultivatinganinternationalclientelewillservemidnightbreakfastsorbreak-of-dawndinnerswiththeappropriatewineswithoutraisingasingleeyebrow. Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat
Text2IfsustainablecompetitiveadvantagedependsonworkforceskillsAmericanfirmshaveaproblem.HumanresourcemanagementisnottraditionallyseenascentraltothecompetitivesurvivalofthefirmintheUnitedStates.Skillacquistionisconsideredanindividualresponsibility.Labourissimplyanotherfactorofproductiontoberentedatthelowestpossiblecostmuchasonebuysrawmaterialsorequipment.Thelackofimportanceattachedtohumanresourcemanagementcanbeseeninthecorporatehierarchy.InanAmericanfirmthechieffinancialofficerisalmostalwayssecondincommand.Thepostofheadofhuman-resourcemanagementisusuallyaspecializedjoboffattheedgeofthecorporatehierarchy.TheexecutivewhoholdsitisneverconsultedonmajorstrategicdecisionsandhasnochancetomoveuptoChiefExecutiveOfficerCEO.BywayofcontrastinJapantheheadofhuman-resourcemanagementiscentralusuallythesecondmostimportantaftertheCEOinthefirm’shierarchy.WhileAmericanfirmsoftentalkaboutthevastamountsspentontrainingtheirworkforcesinfacttheyinvestlessintheskillsoftheiremployeesthandoeitherJapaneseorGermanfirms.Themoneytheydoinvestisalsomuchmorenarrowlyfocusedonthebasicbackgroundskillsthatmakeitpossibletoabsorbnewtechnologies.Asaresultproblemsemergewhennewbreakthroughtechnologiesarrive.IfAmericanworkersforexampletakemuchlongertolearnhowtooperatenewflexiblemanufacturingstationsthanworkersinGermanyastheydotheeffectivecostofthosestationsislowerinGermanythanitisintheUnitedStates.Moretimeisrequiredbeforeequipmentisupandrunningatcapacityandtheneedforextensiveretraininggeneratescostsandcreatesbottlenecksthatlimitthespeedwithwhichnewequipmentcanbeemployed.Theresultisaslowerpaceoftechnologicalchange.Andintheendtheskillsofthebottomhalfofthepopulationaffectthewagesofthetophalf.Ifthebottomhalfcan’teffectivelystafftheprocessesthathavetobeoperatedthemanagementandprofessionaljobsthatgowiththeseprocesseswilldisappear. Accordingtothetextthedecisivefactorinmaintainingafirm'scompetitiveadvantageis
PartBDirections:Youaregoingtoreadalistofheadingsandatextaboutperiodicalsintheworld.ChoosethemostsuitableheadingfromthelistA-Fforeachnumberedparagraph41-45.Thefirstandlastparagraphsofthetextarenotnumbered.Thereisoneextraheadingwhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1. [A]Periodicalsininitialstage [B]Thefunctionofperiodicals [C]Newspapersandotherperiodicalsonline [D]Theintroductionofreviews [E]Featureso~periodicals [F]Theemergenceofmodernperiodicals Periodicalsrefertopublicationsreleasedonaregularbasisthatmayincludenewsfeaturearticlespoemsfictionalstoriesorothertypesofwriting.Manyperiodicalsalsoincludephotographsanddrawings.Periodicalsthatareaimedatageneralaudiencesuchasweeklynewsroundupsormonthlyspecial-interestpublicationsarealsocalledmagazines.Thosewithamorenarrowaudiencesuchaspublicationsofscholarlyorganizationscanbetermedjournals.Whilenewspapersareperiodicalsthetermgenerallyhascometorefertopublicationsotherthandailies.41.______.Historicallymostperiodicalshavedifferedfromnewspapersintheirformatpublicationscheduleandcontent.Mostnewspapersdealwiththenewsofthedayandareissuedonpulppaperwithrelativelylargeunboundpages.Bycontrastothertypesofperiodicalsfocusonmorespecializedmaterialandwhentheydealwithnewstheytendtodosointheformofsummariesorcommentaries.Forcenturiestheseperiodicalsgenerallyhavebeenprintedonfinerpaperthannewspaperswithsmallerboundpagesandissuedatintervalslongerthanadayweeklyeverytwoweeksmonthlyquarterlyorevenannually.42.______.Inthe1990swiththegrowthoftheInternetpublishersbegantoreleasenewspapersandotherperiodicalsonline.Thisdevelopmentblurredthelinebetweenthetwoformsbecausethegeneralformatanddesignofonlinenewspapersandperiodicalsaresimilarandthepublicationschedulesofbothformsbecamemoreflexible.Forexamplemanynewspaperpublishersupdatetheironlineversionsthroughoutthedayandsomeonlineperiodicalsdothesame.Despitethesetechnologicalchangesthetwoforms’differingemphasisinchoiceofcontentremainsadistinguishingfactor.43.______.TheearliestperiodicalsincludetheGermanErbaulicheMonaths-UnterredungenEdifyingMonthlyDiscussions1663-1668theFrenchJournaldesSayahs1665;subsequentlytitledJournaldesSavantsandtheEnglishPhilosophicalTransactions1665oftheRoyalSocietyofLondon.Thesewereessentiallycollectionsofsummarieslateressaysondevelopmentsinartliteraturephilosophyandscience.44.______.ThefirstperiodicalofthemoderngeneraltypedevotedtoamiscellanyofreadingentertainmentwastheEnglishpublicationTheGentleman’sMagazine1731-1907--thefirstinstanceoftheuseofthewordmagazinetodenoteaforumforentertainingreading.Itcontainedreportsofpoliticaldebatesessaysstoriesandpoemsandwaswidelyinfluential.ItservedasthemodelforthefirsttrueAmericanperiodicalsGeneralMagazineandHistoricalChronicleandAmericanMagazine.BothoftheseperiodicalsfirstappearedinPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniainJanuary1741asrivalpublications;neitherlastedmorethanafewmonthshowever.TheformerwasfoundedbytheAmericanstatesmanandscientistBenjaminFranklinandthelatterbytheAmericanprinterAndrewBradford.45.______.MonthlyorquarterlyreviewsusuallypartisaninpolitiesandwitharticlescontributedbyeminentauthorsandpoliticianswereintroducedinBritainearlyinthe19thcentury.Ofthesetwobecameoutstanding.TheEdinburghReview1802-1929foundedinsupportoftheWhigPartywasoneofthemostinfluentialcriticaljournalsofitsdayandnumberedamongitscontributorstheEnglishwritersSirWalterScottThomasCarlyleMatthewArnoldandWilliamHazlitt.Blackwood’sEdinburghMagazine1817-1981aTorypublicationwasearlyinitscareernotedforitsserializationofScottishfictionanditssatiricalcommentariesonScottishaffairs.OneofthemostimportantseriousperiodicalsintheUnitedStatesinthe19thcenturywastheNorthAmericanReview1815-1940;revivedin1964.EditorsduringitslongandillustriouscareerincludedsuchliteraryfiguresasJamesRussellLowellCharlesEliotNortonandHenryAdams;contributorsincludedHenryJamesH.G.WellsandMarkTwain.AmongtheEuropeanequivalentsofsuchperiodicalsweretheFrenchRevuedesDeuxMondesandtheGermanLiterarischesWochenblatt. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.45
PartBDirections:Youaregoingtoreadalistofheadingsandatextaboutperiodicalsintheworld.ChoosethemostsuitableheadingfromthelistA-Fforeachnumberedparagraph41-45.Thefirstandlastparagraphsofthetextarenotnumbered.Thereisoneextraheadingwhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1. [A]Periodicalsininitialstage [B]Thefunctionofperiodicals [C]Newspapersandotherperiodicalsonline [D]Theintroductionofreviews [E]Featureso~periodicals [F]Theemergenceofmodernperiodicals Periodicalsrefertopublicationsreleasedonaregularbasisthatmayincludenewsfeaturearticlespoemsfictionalstoriesorothertypesofwriting.Manyperiodicalsalsoincludephotographsanddrawings.Periodicalsthatareaimedatageneralaudiencesuchasweeklynewsroundupsormonthlyspecial-interestpublicationsarealsocalledmagazines.Thosewithamorenarrowaudiencesuchaspublicationsofscholarlyorganizationscanbetermedjournals.Whilenewspapersareperiodicalsthetermgenerallyhascometorefertopublicationsotherthandailies.41.______.Historicallymostperiodicalshavedifferedfromnewspapersintheirformatpublicationscheduleandcontent.Mostnewspapersdealwiththenewsofthedayandareissuedonpulppaperwithrelativelylargeunboundpages.Bycontrastothertypesofperiodicalsfocusonmorespecializedmaterialandwhentheydealwithnewstheytendtodosointheformofsummariesorcommentaries.Forcenturiestheseperiodicalsgenerallyhavebeenprintedonfinerpaperthannewspaperswithsmallerboundpagesandissuedatintervalslongerthanadayweeklyeverytwoweeksmonthlyquarterlyorevenannually.42.______.Inthe1990swiththegrowthoftheInternetpublishersbegantoreleasenewspapersandotherperiodicalsonline.Thisdevelopmentblurredthelinebetweenthetwoformsbecausethegeneralformatanddesignofonlinenewspapersandperiodicalsaresimilarandthepublicationschedulesofbothformsbecamemoreflexible.Forexamplemanynewspaperpublishersupdatetheironlineversionsthroughoutthedayandsomeonlineperiodicalsdothesame.Despitethesetechnologicalchangesthetwoforms’differingemphasisinchoiceofcontentremainsadistinguishingfactor.43.______.TheearliestperiodicalsincludetheGermanErbaulicheMonaths-UnterredungenEdifyingMonthlyDiscussions1663-1668theFrenchJournaldesSayahs1665;subsequentlytitledJournaldesSavantsandtheEnglishPhilosophicalTransactions1665oftheRoyalSocietyofLondon.Thesewereessentiallycollectionsofsummarieslateressaysondevelopmentsinartliteraturephilosophyandscience.44.______.ThefirstperiodicalofthemoderngeneraltypedevotedtoamiscellanyofreadingentertainmentwastheEnglishpublicationTheGentleman’sMagazine1731-1907--thefirstinstanceoftheuseofthewordmagazinetodenoteaforumforentertainingreading.Itcontainedreportsofpoliticaldebatesessaysstoriesandpoemsandwaswidelyinfluential.ItservedasthemodelforthefirsttrueAmericanperiodicalsGeneralMagazineandHistoricalChronicleandAmericanMagazine.BothoftheseperiodicalsfirstappearedinPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniainJanuary1741asrivalpublications;neitherlastedmorethanafewmonthshowever.TheformerwasfoundedbytheAmericanstatesmanandscientistBenjaminFranklinandthelatterbytheAmericanprinterAndrewBradford.45.______.MonthlyorquarterlyreviewsusuallypartisaninpolitiesandwitharticlescontributedbyeminentauthorsandpoliticianswereintroducedinBritainearlyinthe19thcentury.Ofthesetwobecameoutstanding.TheEdinburghReview1802-1929foundedinsupportoftheWhigPartywasoneofthemostinfluentialcriticaljournalsofitsdayandnumberedamongitscontributorstheEnglishwritersSirWalterScottThomasCarlyleMatthewArnoldandWilliamHazlitt.Blackwood’sEdinburghMagazine1817-1981aTorypublicationwasearlyinitscareernotedforitsserializationofScottishfictionanditssatiricalcommentariesonScottishaffairs.OneofthemostimportantseriousperiodicalsintheUnitedStatesinthe19thcenturywastheNorthAmericanReview1815-1940;revivedin1964.EditorsduringitslongandillustriouscareerincludedsuchliteraryfiguresasJamesRussellLowellCharlesEliotNortonandHenryAdams;contributorsincludedHenryJamesH.G.WellsandMarkTwain.AmongtheEuropeanequivalentsofsuchperiodicalsweretheFrenchRevuedesDeuxMondesandtheGermanLiterarischesWochenblatt. 41
Text3Eatingbetterandmoreadventurouslyisbecominganobsessionespeciallyamongpeoplewithmoneytospend.Healthiereatingandnot-sohealthyeating--aswellasthenumberandvarietyoffoodchoicesandvenuescontinuetoincreaseatanever-quick-eningpace.Globalizationisthemastertrendthatwilldrivetheworldoffoodintheyearsahead.Consumerstravelingtheglobebothvirtuallyandinrealitywillbeabletosweepupingredientspackagedfoodsrecipesandcookingtechniquesfromeverycorneroftheearthatanever-intensifyingandacceleratingpace.Formerlyremoteingredientsandcookingstylesarecreatingawholenewculinarymosaicastheyaretransplantedandreinterpretedallovertheworld.Manyfactorsarebehindthisbutnonemoresothantheinfluenceofthegreatinternationalhotelchains.VirtuallyeverychefwhohasworkedforHiltonWestinPeninsulaoranyothermajorchaingathersglobalexperienceinlocalesasdiverseasSingaporeNewOrleansTorontoandDubai.Ateachstoptheycarryawaycookingideasandtechniquestheycananddouseelsewhere.Thistrendwillgainevengreatermomentumasambitiousyoungadultsstaketheirownfuturesoninternationalizationtreatingbroaderfoodsavvyasanimportantaspectoftheirownadvancement.Youngpeoplewillneedknowledgeoffoodandingredientsfromdifferentcontinentsandculturesasoneaspectofsocializationenculturationculturalexchangeandsuccess.Incountryaftercountrythereseemslittledoubtthatglobalcuisinewillmakeitsbiggestinroadsamongtheyoungerset.Manyinthegenerationsnowcomingofagewilltreatworld-rangingfoodknowledgeandexperienceaskeyelementsinfurtheringtheirpersonalplansbusinessacumenandindividualgrowth.TheInternethasmadeglobalcontactsamatterofroutine.Computernetworkingwillpermitchefsandothersinthefoodindustryincludingconsumerstolinkdirectlywiththebestavailableauthoritiesinfarawaynationssupplementingorbypassingsecondhandsourcesofinformationaltogether.Timewithallitsimplicationswillalsobeafactorinemergingworldfoodtrends.Moreandmoreofusaredestinedtooperateonglobaltime--thatisatfulltilt24hoursaday.Thiswillbecomethenormforcompanieswithresourcesscatteredallovertheplanet.Beyondthe24hoursupermarketsmanyofusalreadytakeforgrantedtherewillalsobethree-shiftshoppingcentersopenatanyhour.Restaurantsinthegreatbusinesscapitalsintentoncultivatinganinternationalclientelewillservemidnightbreakfastsorbreak-of-dawndinnerswiththeappropriatewineswithoutraisingasingleeyebrow. Thebesttitleforthepassagemaybe
PartBDirections:Youaregoingtoreadalistofheadingsandatextaboutperiodicalsintheworld.ChoosethemostsuitableheadingfromthelistA-Fforeachnumberedparagraph41-45.Thefirstandlastparagraphsofthetextarenotnumbered.Thereisoneextraheadingwhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1. [A]Periodicalsininitialstage [B]Thefunctionofperiodicals [C]Newspapersandotherperiodicalsonline [D]Theintroductionofreviews [E]Featureso~periodicals [F]Theemergenceofmodernperiodicals Periodicalsrefertopublicationsreleasedonaregularbasisthatmayincludenewsfeaturearticlespoemsfictionalstoriesorothertypesofwriting.Manyperiodicalsalsoincludephotographsanddrawings.Periodicalsthatareaimedatageneralaudiencesuchasweeklynewsroundupsormonthlyspecial-interestpublicationsarealsocalledmagazines.Thosewithamorenarrowaudiencesuchaspublicationsofscholarlyorganizationscanbetermedjournals.Whilenewspapersareperiodicalsthetermgenerallyhascometorefertopublicationsotherthandailies.41.______.Historicallymostperiodicalshavedifferedfromnewspapersintheirformatpublicationscheduleandcontent.Mostnewspapersdealwiththenewsofthedayandareissuedonpulppaperwithrelativelylargeunboundpages.Bycontrastothertypesofperiodicalsfocusonmorespecializedmaterialandwhentheydealwithnewstheytendtodosointheformofsummariesorcommentaries.Forcenturiestheseperiodicalsgenerallyhavebeenprintedonfinerpaperthannewspaperswithsmallerboundpagesandissuedatintervalslongerthanadayweeklyeverytwoweeksmonthlyquarterlyorevenannually.42.______.Inthe1990swiththegrowthoftheInternetpublishersbegantoreleasenewspapersandotherperiodicalsonline.Thisdevelopmentblurredthelinebetweenthetwoformsbecausethegeneralformatanddesignofonlinenewspapersandperiodicalsaresimilarandthepublicationschedulesofbothformsbecamemoreflexible.Forexamplemanynewspaperpublishersupdatetheironlineversionsthroughoutthedayandsomeonlineperiodicalsdothesame.Despitethesetechnologicalchangesthetwoforms’differingemphasisinchoiceofcontentremainsadistinguishingfactor.43.______.TheearliestperiodicalsincludetheGermanErbaulicheMonaths-UnterredungenEdifyingMonthlyDiscussions1663-1668theFrenchJournaldesSayahs1665;subsequentlytitledJournaldesSavantsandtheEnglishPhilosophicalTransactions1665oftheRoyalSocietyofLondon.Thesewereessentiallycollectionsofsummarieslateressaysondevelopmentsinartliteraturephilosophyandscience.44.______.ThefirstperiodicalofthemoderngeneraltypedevotedtoamiscellanyofreadingentertainmentwastheEnglishpublicationTheGentleman’sMagazine1731-1907--thefirstinstanceoftheuseofthewordmagazinetodenoteaforumforentertainingreading.Itcontainedreportsofpoliticaldebatesessaysstoriesandpoemsandwaswidelyinfluential.ItservedasthemodelforthefirsttrueAmericanperiodicalsGeneralMagazineandHistoricalChronicleandAmericanMagazine.BothoftheseperiodicalsfirstappearedinPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniainJanuary1741asrivalpublications;neitherlastedmorethanafewmonthshowever.TheformerwasfoundedbytheAmericanstatesmanandscientistBenjaminFranklinandthelatterbytheAmericanprinterAndrewBradford.45.______.MonthlyorquarterlyreviewsusuallypartisaninpolitiesandwitharticlescontributedbyeminentauthorsandpoliticianswereintroducedinBritainearlyinthe19thcentury.Ofthesetwobecameoutstanding.TheEdinburghReview1802-1929foundedinsupportoftheWhigPartywasoneofthemostinfluentialcriticaljournalsofitsdayandnumberedamongitscontributorstheEnglishwritersSirWalterScottThomasCarlyleMatthewArnoldandWilliamHazlitt.Blackwood’sEdinburghMagazine1817-1981aTorypublicationwasearlyinitscareernotedforitsserializationofScottishfictionanditssatiricalcommentariesonScottishaffairs.OneofthemostimportantseriousperiodicalsintheUnitedStatesinthe19thcenturywastheNorthAmericanReview1815-1940;revivedin1964.EditorsduringitslongandillustriouscareerincludedsuchliteraryfiguresasJamesRussellLowellCharlesEliotNortonandHenryAdams;contributorsincludedHenryJamesH.G.WellsandMarkTwain.AmongtheEuropeanequivalentsofsuchperiodicalsweretheFrenchRevuedesDeuxMondesandtheGermanLiterarischesWochenblatt. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.43
PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationShouldbewrittenneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.46Todaythere’sscarcelyanaspectofourlifethatisn’tbeingupendedbythetorrentofinformationavailableonthehundredsofmillionsofsitescrowdingtheInternetnottomentionitsabilitytokeepusinconstanttouchwitheachotherviaelectronicmail."Iftheautomobileandaerospacetechnologyhadexplodedatthesamepaceascomputerandinformationtechnology"saysMicrosoft"anewcarwouldcostabout＄2andgo600milesonathimbleofgas.AndyoucouldbuyaBoeing747forthecostofapizza."ProbablythebiggestpayoffhoweveristhebillionsofdollarstheInternetissavingcompaniesinproducinggoodsandservingtheneedsoftheircustomers.47NothinglikeithasbeenseensincethebeginningoftheIndustrialRevolutionwhenpower-drivenmachinesbeganproducingmoreinadaythanmencouldturnoutinnearlyayear.Allthetimespentonlinehasleftmanyyounginfotechworkerswithoutmuchtimeforlife--orlove--offline.48TheUSfreeenterprisesystemwhichreachesafrenzyinSiliconValleyhasrecognizedthatthelocalloveboatistakingonwaterandisrushingintosavetheday.Datingservicesareapproachingoverload.Seminarsandlovedoctorsareteachingtheserichbusyyoungsingleshowtofindandcapturetheirheart’sdesireinthisromanticwasteland.Anddot-comfacilitatorssuchasMatchmaker.comarestrugglingtobringthesexestogetheronline.Onerealitythatlosersinthislovebazaarmustfaceisthattheyweren’tpickedbecausetheywereoutofshape.ButnottoworrysincetheCyberAgehastheanswertothisonetoo.Computerizedfitnessprogramswithaudiovisualandcyberpersonaltrainersarcreadytoturnyourhomeandtreadmillintoyourownpersonalhealthclub.TurnoniFit.corn’s"OneOn-OneTraining"audioworkoutsandyoucanbendandstretchtoyourfavoritemusic.49Its"Adventure"seriesvideoworkoutswillautomaticallyadjustthespeedandinclineofyouriFit-compatibletreadmillasyougazeintoyourTVscreenandexperiencethe"beautifulrockformationsofUtah’sRedRock"or"thetropicalparadiseofHawaii".50Americansspendmoreonentertainmentthanonclothingorhealthcareandtheconvergenceofcomputersandtelecommunicationsisgeneratingnewwaystoamuseourselvesundreamedofuntilnow.TheInternetisalandofendlessamusementsandamongthewildestistheSims--simulations.Theseareaboutcreatingmanagingandcontrollingthelivesoftinycomputerizedpeople. ItsAdventureseriesvideoworkoutswillautomaticallyadjustthespeedandinclineofyouriFit-compatibletreadmillasyougazeintoyourTVscreenandexperiencethebeautifulrockformationsofUtah’sRedRockorthetropicalparadiseofHawaii.
Text2IfsustainablecompetitiveadvantagedependsonworkforceskillsAmericanfirmshaveaproblem.HumanresourcemanagementisnottraditionallyseenascentraltothecompetitivesurvivalofthefirmintheUnitedStates.Skillacquistionisconsideredanindividualresponsibility.Labourissimplyanotherfactorofproductiontoberentedatthelowestpossiblecostmuchasonebuysrawmaterialsorequipment.Thelackofimportanceattachedtohumanresourcemanagementcanbeseeninthecorporatehierarchy.InanAmericanfirmthechieffinancialofficerisalmostalwayssecondincommand.Thepostofheadofhuman-resourcemanagementisusuallyaspecializedjoboffattheedgeofthecorporatehierarchy.TheexecutivewhoholdsitisneverconsultedonmajorstrategicdecisionsandhasnochancetomoveuptoChiefExecutiveOfficerCEO.BywayofcontrastinJapantheheadofhuman-resourcemanagementiscentralusuallythesecondmostimportantaftertheCEOinthefirm’shierarchy.WhileAmericanfirmsoftentalkaboutthevastamountsspentontrainingtheirworkforcesinfacttheyinvestlessintheskillsoftheiremployeesthandoeitherJapaneseorGermanfirms.Themoneytheydoinvestisalsomuchmorenarrowlyfocusedonthebasicbackgroundskillsthatmakeitpossibletoabsorbnewtechnologies.Asaresultproblemsemergewhennewbreakthroughtechnologiesarrive.IfAmericanworkersforexampletakemuchlongertolearnhowtooperatenewflexiblemanufacturingstationsthanworkersinGermanyastheydotheeffectivecostofthosestationsislowerinGermanythanitisintheUnitedStates.Moretimeisrequiredbeforeequipmentisupandrunningatcapacityandtheneedforextensiveretraininggeneratescostsandcreatesbottlenecksthatlimitthespeedwithwhichnewequipmentcanbeemployed.Theresultisaslowerpaceoftechnologicalchange.Andintheendtheskillsofthebottomhalfofthepopulationaffectthewagesofthetophalf.Ifthebottomhalfcan’teffectivelystafftheprocessesthathavetobeoperatedthemanagementandprofessionaljobsthatgowiththeseprocesseswilldisappear. What'sthemainideaofthetext
Text4Thetelecityisacitywhoselifedirectionandfunctioningarelargelyshapedbytelecommunications.Inthetwentyfirstcenturycitieswillbebasedmoreandmoreonaneconomythatisdependentonservicesandintellectualproperty.Telecommunicationsandinformationnetworkswilldefineacity’sarchitectureshapeandcharacter.Proximityinthetelecitywillbedefinedbythespeedandbandwidthofnetworksasmuchasbygeographicalpropinquity.IntheageofthetelecityNewYorkandSingaporemaybecloserthansayNewYorkandArkadelphiaArkansas.Telecitieswillsupersedemegacitiesforseveralreasonsincludingthedrivetowardcleanairreducingpollutionenergyconservationmorejobsbasedonservicesandcopingwiththehighcostofurbanproperty.Nowwemustaddtheneedtocopewithterroristthreatsinahigh-technologyworld.Westernmind-setswereclearlyjoltedinthewakeoftheterroristattackontheWorldTradeCenterinNewYorkCityandattacksinIndonesiaSaudiArabiaandelsewhere.Buttherisksposedbytwentieth-centurypatternsofurbanizationandarchitecturehaveyetoregisterfullywithpoliticalfiguresandleadersofindustry.ThePentagonforexamplehasbeenrebuiltinsituationratherthandistributedtomultiplelocationsandconnectedbysecurelandlinesandbroadbandwirelesssystems.LikewisethereconstructionoftheWorldTradeCentercomplexstillrepresentsamassiveconcentrationofhumanityandinfrastructure.Thisisaremarkablyshortsightedanddangerousvisionofthefuture.Thesecurityriskseconomicexpensesandenvironmentalhazardsofover-centralizationareeverywhereandtheydonotstopwithskyscrapersandlargegovernmentalstructures.Therearerisksalsoatseaportsandairportsinfoodandwatersuppliesatnuclearpowerplantsandhydroelectricturbinesatmajordamsintransportationsystemsandininformationandcommunicationssystems.Thisvulnerabilityappliesnotonlytoterroristthreatsbutalsotohumanerrorsuchassystem-wideblackoutsinNorthAmericainAugust2003andinItalyinSeptember2003andnaturaldisasterssuchastyphoonshurricanesfloodsandearthquakes.Leadersandplannersareonlyslowlybecomingawarethatovercentralizedfacilitiesarethemostvulnerabletoattackorcatastrophicdestruction.Thereisalsogrowingawarenessthatnewbroadbandelectronicsystemsnowallowgovernmentsandcorporationstosafeguardtheirkeyassetsandpeopleinnewandinnovativeways.Sofarcorporationshavebeenquickesttoadjusttothesenewrealitiesandsomegovernmentshavebeguntoadjustaswell. Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage
Text4Thetelecityisacitywhoselifedirectionandfunctioningarelargelyshapedbytelecommunications.Inthetwentyfirstcenturycitieswillbebasedmoreandmoreonaneconomythatisdependentonservicesandintellectualproperty.Telecommunicationsandinformationnetworkswilldefineacity’sarchitectureshapeandcharacter.Proximityinthetelecitywillbedefinedbythespeedandbandwidthofnetworksasmuchasbygeographicalpropinquity.IntheageofthetelecityNewYorkandSingaporemaybecloserthansayNewYorkandArkadelphiaArkansas.Telecitieswillsupersedemegacitiesforseveralreasonsincludingthedrivetowardcleanairreducingpollutionenergyconservationmorejobsbasedonservicesandcopingwiththehighcostofurbanproperty.Nowwemustaddtheneedtocopewithterroristthreatsinahigh-technologyworld.Westernmind-setswereclearlyjoltedinthewakeoftheterroristattackontheWorldTradeCenterinNewYorkCityandattacksinIndonesiaSaudiArabiaandelsewhere.Buttherisksposedbytwentieth-centurypatternsofurbanizationandarchitecturehaveyetoregisterfullywithpoliticalfiguresandleadersofindustry.ThePentagonforexamplehasbeenrebuiltinsituationratherthandistributedtomultiplelocationsandconnectedbysecurelandlinesandbroadbandwirelesssystems.LikewisethereconstructionoftheWorldTradeCentercomplexstillrepresentsamassiveconcentrationofhumanityandinfrastructure.Thisisaremarkablyshortsightedanddangerousvisionofthefuture.Thesecurityriskseconomicexpensesandenvironmentalhazardsofover-centralizationareeverywhereandtheydonotstopwithskyscrapersandlargegovernmentalstructures.Therearerisksalsoatseaportsandairportsinfoodandwatersuppliesatnuclearpowerplantsandhydroelectricturbinesatmajordamsintransportationsystemsandininformationandcommunicationssystems.Thisvulnerabilityappliesnotonlytoterroristthreatsbutalsotohumanerrorsuchassystem-wideblackoutsinNorthAmericainAugust2003andinItalyinSeptember2003andnaturaldisasterssuchastyphoonshurricanesfloodsandearthquakes.Leadersandplannersareonlyslowlybecomingawarethatovercentralizedfacilitiesarethemostvulnerabletoattackorcatastrophicdestruction.Thereisalsogrowingawarenessthatnewbroadbandelectronicsystemsnowallowgovernmentsandcorporationstosafeguardtheirkeyassetsandpeopleinnewandinnovativeways.Sofarcorporationshavebeenquickesttoadjusttothesenewrealitiesandsomegovernmentshavebeguntoadjustaswell. JudgingfromthecontextthewordtheyLine2Paragraph4mightreferto
PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationShouldbewrittenneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.46Todaythere’sscarcelyanaspectofourlifethatisn’tbeingupendedbythetorrentofinformationavailableonthehundredsofmillionsofsitescrowdingtheInternetnottomentionitsabilitytokeepusinconstanttouchwitheachotherviaelectronicmail."Iftheautomobileandaerospacetechnologyhadexplodedatthesamepaceascomputerandinformationtechnology"saysMicrosoft"anewcarwouldcostabout＄2andgo600milesonathimbleofgas.AndyoucouldbuyaBoeing747forthecostofapizza."ProbablythebiggestpayoffhoweveristhebillionsofdollarstheInternetissavingcompaniesinproducinggoodsandservingtheneedsoftheircustomers.47NothinglikeithasbeenseensincethebeginningoftheIndustrialRevolutionwhenpower-drivenmachinesbeganproducingmoreinadaythanmencouldturnoutinnearlyayear.Allthetimespentonlinehasleftmanyyounginfotechworkerswithoutmuchtimeforlife--orlove--offline.48TheUSfreeenterprisesystemwhichreachesafrenzyinSiliconValleyhasrecognizedthatthelocalloveboatistakingonwaterandisrushingintosavetheday.Datingservicesareapproachingoverload.Seminarsandlovedoctorsareteachingtheserichbusyyoungsingleshowtofindandcapturetheirheart’sdesireinthisromanticwasteland.Anddot-comfacilitatorssuchasMatchmaker.comarestrugglingtobringthesexestogetheronline.Onerealitythatlosersinthislovebazaarmustfaceisthattheyweren’tpickedbecausetheywereoutofshape.ButnottoworrysincetheCyberAgehastheanswertothisonetoo.Computerizedfitnessprogramswithaudiovisualandcyberpersonaltrainersarcreadytoturnyourhomeandtreadmillintoyourownpersonalhealthclub.TurnoniFit.corn’s"OneOn-OneTraining"audioworkoutsandyoucanbendandstretchtoyourfavoritemusic.49Its"Adventure"seriesvideoworkoutswillautomaticallyadjustthespeedandinclineofyouriFit-compatibletreadmillasyougazeintoyourTVscreenandexperiencethe"beautifulrockformationsofUtah’sRedRock"or"thetropicalparadiseofHawaii".50Americansspendmoreonentertainmentthanonclothingorhealthcareandtheconvergenceofcomputersandtelecommunicationsisgeneratingnewwaystoamuseourselvesundreamedofuntilnow.TheInternetisalandofendlessamusementsandamongthewildestistheSims--simulations.Theseareaboutcreatingmanagingandcontrollingthelivesoftinycomputerizedpeople. NothinglikeithasbeenseensincethebeginningoftheIndustrialRevolutionwhenpower-drivenmachinesbeganproducingmoreinadaythanmencouldturnoutinnearlyayear.
Text3Eatingbetterandmoreadventurouslyisbecominganobsessionespeciallyamongpeoplewithmoneytospend.Healthiereatingandnot-sohealthyeating--aswellasthenumberandvarietyoffoodchoicesandvenuescontinuetoincreaseatanever-quick-eningpace.Globalizationisthemastertrendthatwilldrivetheworldoffoodintheyearsahead.Consumerstravelingtheglobebothvirtuallyandinrealitywillbeabletosweepupingredientspackagedfoodsrecipesandcookingtechniquesfromeverycorneroftheearthatanever-intensifyingandacceleratingpace.Formerlyremoteingredientsandcookingstylesarecreatingawholenewculinarymosaicastheyaretransplantedandreinterpretedallovertheworld.Manyfactorsarebehindthisbutnonemoresothantheinfluenceofthegreatinternationalhotelchains.VirtuallyeverychefwhohasworkedforHiltonWestinPeninsulaoranyothermajorchaingathersglobalexperienceinlocalesasdiverseasSingaporeNewOrleansTorontoandDubai.Ateachstoptheycarryawaycookingideasandtechniquestheycananddouseelsewhere.Thistrendwillgainevengreatermomentumasambitiousyoungadultsstaketheirownfuturesoninternationalizationtreatingbroaderfoodsavvyasanimportantaspectoftheirownadvancement.Youngpeoplewillneedknowledgeoffoodandingredientsfromdifferentcontinentsandculturesasoneaspectofsocializationenculturationculturalexchangeandsuccess.Incountryaftercountrythereseemslittledoubtthatglobalcuisinewillmakeitsbiggestinroadsamongtheyoungerset.Manyinthegenerationsnowcomingofagewilltreatworld-rangingfoodknowledgeandexperienceaskeyelementsinfurtheringtheirpersonalplansbusinessacumenandindividualgrowth.TheInternethasmadeglobalcontactsamatterofroutine.Computernetworkingwillpermitchefsandothersinthefoodindustryincludingconsumerstolinkdirectlywiththebestavailableauthoritiesinfarawaynationssupplementingorbypassingsecondhandsourcesofinformationaltogether.Timewithallitsimplicationswillalsobeafactorinemergingworldfoodtrends.Moreandmoreofusaredestinedtooperateonglobaltime--thatisatfulltilt24hoursaday.Thiswillbecomethenormforcompanieswithresourcesscatteredallovertheplanet.Beyondthe24hoursupermarketsmanyofusalreadytakeforgrantedtherewillalsobethree-shiftshoppingcentersopenatanyhour.Restaurantsinthegreatbusinesscapitalsintentoncultivatinganinternationalclientelewillservemidnightbreakfastsorbreak-of-dawndinnerswiththeappropriatewineswithoutraisingasingleeyebrow. Fromthefirsttwoparagraphswecanlearnthatthetrendoffoodobsessionis
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