首页
试卷库
试题库
当前位置：
X题卡
>
所有题目
>
题目详情
白及的功效为 ① 、 ② 。
查看本题答案
包含此试题的试卷
国家统考科目《填空》真题及答案
点击查看
你可能感兴趣的试题
具有收敛止血功效的药物是
白及
蒲黄
地榆
仙鹤草
具有止痢功效的药物是
蒲黄
地榆
大蓟
仙鹤草
白及
白及的功效是
具有化瘀止血功效的药组是
藕节,槐花
三七,茜草
蒲黄,白及
花蕊石,侧柏叶
槐花,白及
与白及收敛消肿生肌的功效相关的药理作用是
具有止痢功效的药物为
白及
炮姜
棕榈炭
血余炭
仙鹤草
具有杀虫功效的药物为
白及
炮姜
棕榈炭
血余炭
仙鹤草
下列均具有化瘀止血功效的药组是
蒲黄、白及
藕节、槐花
三七、茜草
侧柏叶、花蕊石
槐花、白及
白及的功效是
淡味
苦味
酸味
咸味
辛味
具有消肿生肌功效的是
蒲黄
茜草
地楡
白及
热门试题
更多
PartBDirections:Inthefollowingarticlessomesentence havebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45choosethemostsuitableonefromthe listA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblank.Therearetwoextrachoices whichdonotfitinanyofthegaps.MarkyouranswersonANSWTRSHEET 1. Asignificantportionofindustryandtransportationburns fossilfuelssuchasgasoline.Whenthesefuelsburnchemicalsandparticulate matterarereleasedintotheatmosphere.Althoughavastnumberofsubstances contributetoairpollutionthemostcommonairpollutantscontaincarbon sulfurandnitrogen.41__________.Acidrain formswhensulfurdioxideandnitrousoxidetransformintosulfuricacidand nitricacidintheatmosphereandcomebacktoEarthinprecipitation.Acidrain hasmadenumerouslakessoacidicthattheynolongersupportfish populations.42__________.Estimatessuggest thatnearly1.5billionpeopleworldwidelacksafedrinkingwaterandthatat least5milliondeathsperyearcanbeattributedtowaterbornediseases.Water pollutionmaycomefrompointsourcesornonpointsources.Pointsources dischargepollutantsfromspecificlocationssuchasfactoriessewage treatmentplantsandoiltankers.Thetechnologyexiststomonitorandregulate pointsourcesofpollutionalthoughinsomeareasthisoccursonly sporadically.Pollutionfromnonpointsourcesoccurswhenrainfallorsnowmelt movesoverandthroughtheground.43__________. Withalmost80percentoftheplanetcoveredbyoceanspeoplehavelong actedasifthosebodiesofwatercouldserveasalimitlessdumpinggroundfor wastes.Howeverrawsewagegarbageandoilspillshavebeguntooverwhelmthe dilutingcapabilitiesoftileoceansandmostcoastalwatersarenowpolluted threateningmarinewildlife.44__________. Waterthatcollectsbeneaththegroundiscalledgroundwater.Worldwide groundwateris40timesmoreabundantthanfreshwaterinstreamsandlakes.In theUnitedStatesapproximatelyhalfthedrinkingwatercomesfromgroundwater. Althoughgroundwaterisarenewableresourcereservesreplenishrelatively slowly.PresentlygroundwaterintheUnitedStatesiswithdrawnapproximately4 timesfasterthanitisnaturallyreplaced.45__________.A. Beachesaroundtheworldcloseregularlyoftenbecausethesurroundingwaters containhighlevelsofbacteriafromsewagedisposal.B.These chemicalsinteractwithoneanotherandwithultravioletradiationinsunlight indangerousways.Smogusuallyfoundinurbanareaswithlargenumbersof automobilesformswhennitrogenoxidesreactwithhydrocarbonsintheairto producealdehydesandketones.Smogcancauseserioushealthproblems. C.Acidrainisalsoresponsibleforthedeclineofmanyforest ecosystemsworldwideincludingGermany’sBlackForestandforeststhroughout theeasternUnitedStates.D.Inadditiontogroundwater depletionscientistsworryaboutgroundwatercontaminationwhicharisesfrom leakingundergroundstoragetankspoorlydesignedindustrialwastepondsand seepagefromthedeep-wellinjectionofhazardouswastesintounderground geologicformations.E.TheOgallalaAquiferahugeunderground reservoirstretchingundereightstatesoftheGreatPlainsisdrawndownat ratesexceeding100timesthereplacementrate.Agriculturalpracticesdepending onthissourceofwaterneedtochangewithinagenerationinordertosavethis groundwatersource.F.Astherunoffmovesitpicksupand carriesawaypollutantssuchaspesticidesandfertilizersdepositingthe pollutantsintolakesriverswetlandscoastalwatersandevenunderground sourcesofdrinkingwater.Pollutionarisingfromnonpointsourcesaccountsfor amajorityofthecontaminantsinstreamsandlakes.G.By someestimatesonaverage25percentofusablegroundwateriscontaminated andinsomeareasasmuchas75percentiscontaminated.
Text3 Eatingbetterandmoreadventurouslyis becominganobsessionespeciallyamongpeoplewithmoneytospend.Healthier eating-andnot-so-healthyeating-aswellasthenumberandvarietyoffood choicesandvenuescontinuetoincreaseataneverquickeningpace. Globalizationisthemastertrendthatwilldrivetheworldoffoodinthe yearsahead.Consumerstravelingtheglobebothvirtuallyandinrealitywill beabletosweepupingredientspackagedfoodsrecipesandcookingtechniques fromeverycomeroftheearthatanever-intensifyingandacceleratingpace. Formerlyremoteingredientsandcookingstylesarecreatingawholenewculinary mosaicastheyaretransplantedandreinterpretedallovertheworld. Manyfactorsarebehindthisbutnonemoresothantheinfluenceofthe greatinternationalhotelchains.Virtuallyeverychefwhohasworkedfor HiltonWestinPeninsulaoranyothermajorchaingathersglobalexperiencein localesasdiverseasSingaporeNewOrleansTorontoandDubai.Ateachstop theycarryawaycookingideasandtechniquestheycananddouse elsewhere.Thistrendwillgainevengreatermomentumas ambitiousyoungadultsstaketheirownfuturesoninternationalizationtreating broaderfoodawayasanimportantaspectoftheirownadvancement.Youngpeople willneedknowledgeoffoodandingredientsfromdifferentcontinentsand culturesasoneaspectofsocializationenculturationculturalexchangeand success.Incountryaftercountrythereseemslittledoubtthatglobalcuisine willmakeitsbiggestinroadsamongtheyoungerset.Manyinthegenerationsnow comingofagewilltreatworld-rangingfoodknowledgeandexperienceaskey elementsinfurtheringtheirpersonalplansbusinessacumenandindividual growth.TheInternethasmadeglobalcontactsamatterof routine.Computernetworkingwillpermitchefsandothersinthefoodindustry includingconsumerstolinkdirectlywiththebestavailableauthoritiesin farawaynationssupplementingorbypassingsecondhandsourcesofinformation altogether.Timewithallitsimplicationswillalsobea factorinemergingworldfoodtrends.Moreandmoreofusaredestinedto operateonglobaltime-thatisatfulltilt24hoursaday.Thiswillbecome thenormforcompanieswithresourcesscatteredallovertheplanet.Beyondthe 24-hoursupermarketsmanyofusalreadytakeforgrantedtherewillalsobe three-shiftshoppingcentersopenatanyhour.Restaurantsinthegreatbusiness capitalsintentoncultivatinganinternationalclientelewillservemidnight breakfastsorbreak-of-dawndinnerswiththeappropriatewineswithoutraising asingleeyebrow.Accordingtothetextthetrendofnewculinarymosaicismostacceleratedby______.
Text3 Eatingbetterandmoreadventurouslyis becominganobsessionespeciallyamongpeoplewithmoneytospend.Healthier eating-andnot-so-healthyeating-aswellasthenumberandvarietyoffood choicesandvenuescontinuetoincreaseataneverquickeningpace. Globalizationisthemastertrendthatwilldrivetheworldoffoodinthe yearsahead.Consumerstravelingtheglobebothvirtuallyandinrealitywill beabletosweepupingredientspackagedfoodsrecipesandcookingtechniques fromeverycomeroftheearthatanever-intensifyingandacceleratingpace. Formerlyremoteingredientsandcookingstylesarecreatingawholenewculinary mosaicastheyaretransplantedandreinterpretedallovertheworld. Manyfactorsarebehindthisbutnonemoresothantheinfluenceofthe greatinternationalhotelchains.Virtuallyeverychefwhohasworkedfor HiltonWestinPeninsulaoranyothermajorchaingathersglobalexperiencein localesasdiverseasSingaporeNewOrleansTorontoandDubai.Ateachstop theycarryawaycookingideasandtechniquestheycananddouse elsewhere.Thistrendwillgainevengreatermomentumas ambitiousyoungadultsstaketheirownfuturesoninternationalizationtreating broaderfoodawayasanimportantaspectoftheirownadvancement.Youngpeople willneedknowledgeoffoodandingredientsfromdifferentcontinentsand culturesasoneaspectofsocializationenculturationculturalexchangeand success.Incountryaftercountrythereseemslittledoubtthatglobalcuisine willmakeitsbiggestinroadsamongtheyoungerset.Manyinthegenerationsnow comingofagewilltreatworld-rangingfoodknowledgeandexperienceaskey elementsinfurtheringtheirpersonalplansbusinessacumenandindividual growth.TheInternethasmadeglobalcontactsamatterof routine.Computernetworkingwillpermitchefsandothersinthefoodindustry includingconsumerstolinkdirectlywiththebestavailableauthoritiesin farawaynationssupplementingorbypassingsecondhandsourcesofinformation altogether.Timewithallitsimplicationswillalsobea factorinemergingworldfoodtrends.Moreandmoreofusaredestinedto operateonglobaltime-thatisatfulltilt24hoursaday.Thiswillbecome thenormforcompanieswithresourcesscatteredallovertheplanet.Beyondthe 24-hoursupermarketsmanyofusalreadytakeforgrantedtherewillalsobe three-shiftshoppingcentersopenatanyhour.Restaurantsinthegreatbusiness capitalsintentoncultivatinganinternationalclientelewillservemidnight breakfastsorbreak-of-dawndinnerswiththeappropriatewineswithoutraising asingleeyebrow.Fromthefirsttwoparagraphswecanlearnthatthetrendoffoodobsessionis______.
Text4 Thetelecityisacitywhoselife directionandfunctioningarelargelyshapedbytelecommunications.Inthe twenty-firstcentury;citieswillbebasedmoreandmoreonaneconomythatis dependentonservicesandintellectualproperty.Telecommunicationsand informationnetworkswilldefineacity’sarchitectureshapeandcharacter. Proximityinthetelecitywillbedefinedbythespeedandbandwidthofnetworks asmuchasbygeographicalpropinquity.IntheageofthetelecityNewYork andSingaporemaybecloserthansayNewYorkandArkadelphia Arkansas.Telecitieswillsupersedemegacitiesforseveral reasonsincludingthedrivetowardcleanairreducingpollutionenergy conservationmorejobsbasedonservicesandcopingwiththehighcostof urbanproperty.Nowwemustaddtheneedtocopewithterroristthreatsina high-technologyworld.Westernmind-setswereclearlyjoltedin thewakeoftheterroristattackontheWorldTradeCenterinNewYorkCityand attacksinIndonesiaSaudiArabiaandelsewhere.Buttherisksposedby twentieth-centurypatternsofurbanizationandarchitecturehaveyettoregister fullywithpoliticalfiguresandleadersofindustry.ThePentagonforexample hasbeenrebuiltinsituationratherthandistributedtomultiplelocationsand connectedbysecurelandlinesandbroadbandwirelesssystems.Likewisethe reconstructionoftheWorldTradeCentercomplexstillrepresentsamassive concentrationofhumanityandinfrastructure.Thisisaremarkablyshortsighted anddangerousvisionofthefuture.Thesecurityriskseconomic expensesandenvironmentalhazardsofovercentralizationareeverywhereand theydonotstopwithskyscrapersandlargegovernmentalstructures.Thereare risksalsoatseaportsandairportsinfoodandwatersuppliesatnuclear powerplantsandhydroelectricturbinesatmajordamsintransportation systemsandininformationandcommunicationssystems.This vulnerabilityappliesnotonlytoterroristthreatsbutalsotohumanerror suchassystem-wideblackoutsinNorthAmericainAugust2003andinItalyin September2003andnaturaldisasterssuchastyphoonshurricanesfloodsand earthquakes.Leadersandplannersareonlyslowlybecomingawarethatover centralizedfacilitiesarethemostvulnerabletoattackorcatastrophic destruction.Thereisalsogrowingawarenessthatnewbroadband electronicsystemsnowallowgovernmentsandcorporationstosafeguardtheirkey assetsandpeopleinnewandinnovativeways.Sofarcorporationshavebeen quickesttoadjusttothesenewrealitiesandsomegovernmentshavebegunto adjustaswell.Accordingtotheauthorthemostactiveadvocatesoftelecitiesare______.
Asignificantportionofindustryandtransportationburns fossilfuelssuchasgasoline.Whenthesefuelsburnchemicalsandparticulate matterarereleasedintotheatmosphere.Althoughavastnumberofsubstances contributetoairpollutionthemostcommonairpollutantscontaincarbon sulfurandnitrogen.41__________.Acidrain formswhensulfurdioxideandnitrousoxidetransformintosulfuricacidand nitricacidintheatmosphereandcomebacktoEarthinprecipitation.Acidrain hasmadenumerouslakessoacidicthattheynolongersupportfish populations.42__________.Estimatessuggest thatnearly1.5billionpeopleworldwidelacksafedrinkingwaterandthatat least5milliondeathsperyearcanbeattributedtowaterbornediseases.Water pollutionmaycomefrompointsourcesornonpointsources.Pointsources dischargepollutantsfromspecificlocationssuchasfactoriessewage treatmentplantsandoiltankers.Thetechnologyexiststomonitorandregulate pointsourcesofpollutionalthoughinsomeareasthisoccursonly sporadically.Pollutionfromnonpointsourcesoccurswhenrainfallorsnowmelt movesoverandthroughtheground.43__________. Withalmost80percentoftheplanetcoveredbyoceanspeoplehavelong actedasifthosebodiesofwatercouldserveasalimitlessdumpinggroundfor wastes.Howeverrawsewagegarbageandoilspillshavebeguntooverwhelmthe dilutingcapabilitiesoftileoceansandmostcoastalwatersarenowpolluted threateningmarinewildlife.44__________. Waterthatcollectsbeneaththegroundiscalledgroundwater.Worldwide groundwateris40timesmoreabundantthanfreshwaterinstreamsandlakes.In theUnitedStatesapproximatelyhalfthedrinkingwatercomesfromgroundwater. Althoughgroundwaterisarenewableresourcereservesreplenishrelatively slowly.PresentlygroundwaterintheUnitedStatesiswithdrawnapproximately4 timesfasterthanitisnaturallyreplaced.45__________.A. Beachesaroundtheworldcloseregularlyoftenbecausethesurroundingwaters containhighlevelsofbacteriafromsewagedisposal.B.These chemicalsinteractwithoneanotherandwithultravioletradiationinsunlight indangerousways.Smogusuallyfoundinurbanareaswithlargenumbersof automobilesformswhennitrogenoxidesreactwithhydrocarbonsintheairto producealdehydesandketones.Smogcancauseserioushealthproblems. C.Acidrainisalsoresponsibleforthedeclineofmanyforest ecosystemsworldwideincludingGermany’sBlackForestandforeststhroughout theeasternUnitedStates.D.Inadditiontogroundwater depletionscientistsworryaboutgroundwatercontaminationwhicharisesfrom leakingundergroundstoragetankspoorlydesignedindustrialwastepondsand seepagefromthedeep-wellinjectionofhazardouswastesintounderground geologicformations.E.TheOgallalaAquiferahugeunderground reservoirstretchingundereightstatesoftheGreatPlainsisdrawndownat ratesexceeding100timesthereplacementrate.Agriculturalpracticesdepending onthissourceofwaterneedtochangewithinagenerationinordertosavethis groundwatersource.F.Astherunoffmovesitpicksupand carriesawaypollutantssuchaspesticidesandfertilizersdepositingthe pollutantsintolakesriverswetlandscoastalwatersandevenunderground sourcesofdrinkingwater.Pollutionarisingfromnonpointsourcesaccountsfor amajorityofthecontaminantsinstreamsandlakes.G.By someestimatesonaverage25percentofusablegroundwateriscontaminated andinsomeareasasmuchas75percentiscontaminated.
Asignificantportionofindustryandtransportationburns fossilfuelssuchasgasoline.Whenthesefuelsburnchemicalsandparticulate matterarereleasedintotheatmosphere.Althoughavastnumberofsubstances contributetoairpollutionthemostcommonairpollutantscontaincarbon sulfurandnitrogen.41__________.Acidrain formswhensulfurdioxideandnitrousoxidetransformintosulfuricacidand nitricacidintheatmosphereandcomebacktoEarthinprecipitation.Acidrain hasmadenumerouslakessoacidicthattheynolongersupportfish populations.42__________.Estimatessuggest thatnearly1.5billionpeopleworldwidelacksafedrinkingwaterandthatat least5milliondeathsperyearcanbeattributedtowaterbornediseases.Water pollutionmaycomefrompointsourcesornonpointsources.Pointsources dischargepollutantsfromspecificlocationssuchasfactoriessewage treatmentplantsandoiltankers.Thetechnologyexiststomonitorandregulate pointsourcesofpollutionalthoughinsomeareasthisoccursonly sporadically.Pollutionfromnonpointsourcesoccurswhenrainfallorsnowmelt movesoverandthroughtheground.43__________. Withalmost80percentoftheplanetcoveredbyoceanspeoplehavelong actedasifthosebodiesofwatercouldserveasalimitlessdumpinggroundfor wastes.Howeverrawsewagegarbageandoilspillshavebeguntooverwhelmthe dilutingcapabilitiesoftileoceansandmostcoastalwatersarenowpolluted threateningmarinewildlife.44__________. Waterthatcollectsbeneaththegroundiscalledgroundwater.Worldwide groundwateris40timesmoreabundantthanfreshwaterinstreamsandlakes.In theUnitedStatesapproximatelyhalfthedrinkingwatercomesfromgroundwater. Althoughgroundwaterisarenewableresourcereservesreplenishrelatively slowly.PresentlygroundwaterintheUnitedStatesiswithdrawnapproximately4 timesfasterthanitisnaturallyreplaced.45__________.A. Beachesaroundtheworldcloseregularlyoftenbecausethesurroundingwaters containhighlevelsofbacteriafromsewagedisposal.B.These chemicalsinteractwithoneanotherandwithultravioletradiationinsunlight indangerousways.Smogusuallyfoundinurbanareaswithlargenumbersof automobilesformswhennitrogenoxidesreactwithhydrocarbonsintheairto producealdehydesandketones.Smogcancauseserioushealthproblems. C.Acidrainisalsoresponsibleforthedeclineofmanyforest ecosystemsworldwideincludingGermany’sBlackForestandforeststhroughout theeasternUnitedStates.D.Inadditiontogroundwater depletionscientistsworryaboutgroundwatercontaminationwhicharisesfrom leakingundergroundstoragetankspoorlydesignedindustrialwastepondsand seepagefromthedeep-wellinjectionofhazardouswastesintounderground geologicformations.E.TheOgallalaAquiferahugeunderground reservoirstretchingundereightstatesoftheGreatPlainsisdrawndownat ratesexceeding100timesthereplacementrate.Agriculturalpracticesdepending onthissourceofwaterneedtochangewithinagenerationinordertosavethis groundwatersource.F.Astherunoffmovesitpicksupand carriesawaypollutantssuchaspesticidesandfertilizersdepositingthe pollutantsintolakesriverswetlandscoastalwatersandevenunderground sourcesofdrinkingwater.Pollutionarisingfromnonpointsourcesaccountsfor amajorityofthecontaminantsinstreamsandlakes.G.By someestimatesonaverage25percentofusablegroundwateriscontaminated andinsomeareasasmuchas75percentiscontaminated.
Text3 Eatingbetterandmoreadventurouslyis becominganobsessionespeciallyamongpeoplewithmoneytospend.Healthier eating-andnot-so-healthyeating-aswellasthenumberandvarietyoffood choicesandvenuescontinuetoincreaseataneverquickeningpace. Globalizationisthemastertrendthatwilldrivetheworldoffoodinthe yearsahead.Consumerstravelingtheglobebothvirtuallyandinrealitywill beabletosweepupingredientspackagedfoodsrecipesandcookingtechniques fromeverycomeroftheearthatanever-intensifyingandacceleratingpace. Formerlyremoteingredientsandcookingstylesarecreatingawholenewculinary mosaicastheyaretransplantedandreinterpretedallovertheworld. Manyfactorsarebehindthisbutnonemoresothantheinfluenceofthe greatinternationalhotelchains.Virtuallyeverychefwhohasworkedfor HiltonWestinPeninsulaoranyothermajorchaingathersglobalexperiencein localesasdiverseasSingaporeNewOrleansTorontoandDubai.Ateachstop theycarryawaycookingideasandtechniquestheycananddouse elsewhere.Thistrendwillgainevengreatermomentumas ambitiousyoungadultsstaketheirownfuturesoninternationalizationtreating broaderfoodawayasanimportantaspectoftheirownadvancement.Youngpeople willneedknowledgeoffoodandingredientsfromdifferentcontinentsand culturesasoneaspectofsocializationenculturationculturalexchangeand success.Incountryaftercountrythereseemslittledoubtthatglobalcuisine willmakeitsbiggestinroadsamongtheyoungerset.Manyinthegenerationsnow comingofagewilltreatworld-rangingfoodknowledgeandexperienceaskey elementsinfurtheringtheirpersonalplansbusinessacumenandindividual growth.TheInternethasmadeglobalcontactsamatterof routine.Computernetworkingwillpermitchefsandothersinthefoodindustry includingconsumerstolinkdirectlywiththebestavailableauthoritiesin farawaynationssupplementingorbypassingsecondhandsourcesofinformation altogether.Timewithallitsimplicationswillalsobea factorinemergingworldfoodtrends.Moreandmoreofusaredestinedto operateonglobaltime-thatisatfulltilt24hoursaday.Thiswillbecome thenormforcompanieswithresourcesscatteredallovertheplanet.Beyondthe 24-hoursupermarketsmanyofusalreadytakeforgrantedtherewillalsobe three-shiftshoppingcentersopenatanyhour.Restaurantsinthegreatbusiness capitalsintentoncultivatinganinternationalclientelewillservemidnight breakfastsorbreak-of-dawndinnerswiththeappropriatewineswithoutraising asingleeyebrow.Thebesttitleforthepassagemaybe______.
Text4 Thetelecityisacitywhoselife directionandfunctioningarelargelyshapedbytelecommunications.Inthe twenty-firstcentury;citieswillbebasedmoreandmoreonaneconomythatis dependentonservicesandintellectualproperty.Telecommunicationsand informationnetworkswilldefineacity’sarchitectureshapeandcharacter. Proximityinthetelecitywillbedefinedbythespeedandbandwidthofnetworks asmuchasbygeographicalpropinquity.IntheageofthetelecityNewYork andSingaporemaybecloserthansayNewYorkandArkadelphia Arkansas.Telecitieswillsupersedemegacitiesforseveral reasonsincludingthedrivetowardcleanairreducingpollutionenergy conservationmorejobsbasedonservicesandcopingwiththehighcostof urbanproperty.Nowwemustaddtheneedtocopewithterroristthreatsina high-technologyworld.Westernmind-setswereclearlyjoltedin thewakeoftheterroristattackontheWorldTradeCenterinNewYorkCityand attacksinIndonesiaSaudiArabiaandelsewhere.Buttherisksposedby twentieth-centurypatternsofurbanizationandarchitecturehaveyettoregister fullywithpoliticalfiguresandleadersofindustry.ThePentagonforexample hasbeenrebuiltinsituationratherthandistributedtomultiplelocationsand connectedbysecurelandlinesandbroadbandwirelesssystems.Likewisethe reconstructionoftheWorldTradeCentercomplexstillrepresentsamassive concentrationofhumanityandinfrastructure.Thisisaremarkablyshortsighted anddangerousvisionofthefuture.Thesecurityriskseconomic expensesandenvironmentalhazardsofovercentralizationareeverywhereand theydonotstopwithskyscrapersandlargegovernmentalstructures.Thereare risksalsoatseaportsandairportsinfoodandwatersuppliesatnuclear powerplantsandhydroelectricturbinesatmajordamsintransportation systemsandininformationandcommunicationssystems.This vulnerabilityappliesnotonlytoterroristthreatsbutalsotohumanerror suchassystem-wideblackoutsinNorthAmericainAugust2003andinItalyin September2003andnaturaldisasterssuchastyphoonshurricanesfloodsand earthquakes.Leadersandplannersareonlyslowlybecomingawarethatover centralizedfacilitiesarethemostvulnerabletoattackorcatastrophic destruction.Thereisalsogrowingawarenessthatnewbroadband electronicsystemsnowallowgovernmentsandcorporationstosafeguardtheirkey assetsandpeopleinnewandinnovativeways.Sofarcorporationshavebeen quickesttoadjusttothesenewrealitiesandsomegovernmentshavebegunto adjustaswell.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsthereconstructionofThePentagonandtheWorldTradeCenter
Asignificantportionofindustryandtransportationburns fossilfuelssuchasgasoline.Whenthesefuelsburnchemicalsandparticulate matterarereleasedintotheatmosphere.Althoughavastnumberofsubstances contributetoairpollutionthemostcommonairpollutantscontaincarbon sulfurandnitrogen.41__________.Acidrain formswhensulfurdioxideandnitrousoxidetransformintosulfuricacidand nitricacidintheatmosphereandcomebacktoEarthinprecipitation.Acidrain hasmadenumerouslakessoacidicthattheynolongersupportfish populations.42__________.Estimatessuggest thatnearly1.5billionpeopleworldwidelacksafedrinkingwaterandthatat least5milliondeathsperyearcanbeattributedtowaterbornediseases.Water pollutionmaycomefrompointsourcesornonpointsources.Pointsources dischargepollutantsfromspecificlocationssuchasfactoriessewage treatmentplantsandoiltankers.Thetechnologyexiststomonitorandregulate pointsourcesofpollutionalthoughinsomeareasthisoccursonly sporadically.Pollutionfromnonpointsourcesoccurswhenrainfallorsnowmelt movesoverandthroughtheground.43__________. Withalmost80percentoftheplanetcoveredbyoceanspeoplehavelong actedasifthosebodiesofwatercouldserveasalimitlessdumpinggroundfor wastes.Howeverrawsewagegarbageandoilspillshavebeguntooverwhelmthe dilutingcapabilitiesoftileoceansandmostcoastalwatersarenowpolluted threateningmarinewildlife.44__________. Waterthatcollectsbeneaththegroundiscalledgroundwater.Worldwide groundwateris40timesmoreabundantthanfreshwaterinstreamsandlakes.In theUnitedStatesapproximatelyhalfthedrinkingwatercomesfromgroundwater. Althoughgroundwaterisarenewableresourcereservesreplenishrelatively slowly.PresentlygroundwaterintheUnitedStatesiswithdrawnapproximately4 timesfasterthanitisnaturallyreplaced.45__________.A. Beachesaroundtheworldcloseregularlyoftenbecausethesurroundingwaters containhighlevelsofbacteriafromsewagedisposal.B.These chemicalsinteractwithoneanotherandwithultravioletradiationinsunlight indangerousways.Smogusuallyfoundinurbanareaswithlargenumbersof automobilesformswhennitrogenoxidesreactwithhydrocarbonsintheairto producealdehydesandketones.Smogcancauseserioushealthproblems. C.Acidrainisalsoresponsibleforthedeclineofmanyforest ecosystemsworldwideincludingGermany’sBlackForestandforeststhroughout theeasternUnitedStates.D.Inadditiontogroundwater depletionscientistsworryaboutgroundwatercontaminationwhicharisesfrom leakingundergroundstoragetankspoorlydesignedindustrialwastepondsand seepagefromthedeep-wellinjectionofhazardouswastesintounderground geologicformations.E.TheOgallalaAquiferahugeunderground reservoirstretchingundereightstatesoftheGreatPlainsisdrawndownat ratesexceeding100timesthereplacementrate.Agriculturalpracticesdepending onthissourceofwaterneedtochangewithinagenerationinordertosavethis groundwatersource.F.Astherunoffmovesitpicksupand carriesawaypollutantssuchaspesticidesandfertilizersdepositingthe pollutantsintolakesriverswetlandscoastalwatersandevenunderground sourcesofdrinkingwater.Pollutionarisingfromnonpointsourcesaccountsfor amajorityofthecontaminantsinstreamsandlakes.G.By someestimatesonaverage25percentofusablegroundwateriscontaminated andinsomeareasasmuchas75percentiscontaminated.
Text4 Thetelecityisacitywhoselife directionandfunctioningarelargelyshapedbytelecommunications.Inthe twenty-firstcentury;citieswillbebasedmoreandmoreonaneconomythatis dependentonservicesandintellectualproperty.Telecommunicationsand informationnetworkswilldefineacity’sarchitectureshapeandcharacter. Proximityinthetelecitywillbedefinedbythespeedandbandwidthofnetworks asmuchasbygeographicalpropinquity.IntheageofthetelecityNewYork andSingaporemaybecloserthansayNewYorkandArkadelphia Arkansas.Telecitieswillsupersedemegacitiesforseveral reasonsincludingthedrivetowardcleanairreducingpollutionenergy conservationmorejobsbasedonservicesandcopingwiththehighcostof urbanproperty.Nowwemustaddtheneedtocopewithterroristthreatsina high-technologyworld.Westernmind-setswereclearlyjoltedin thewakeoftheterroristattackontheWorldTradeCenterinNewYorkCityand attacksinIndonesiaSaudiArabiaandelsewhere.Buttherisksposedby twentieth-centurypatternsofurbanizationandarchitecturehaveyettoregister fullywithpoliticalfiguresandleadersofindustry.ThePentagonforexample hasbeenrebuiltinsituationratherthandistributedtomultiplelocationsand connectedbysecurelandlinesandbroadbandwirelesssystems.Likewisethe reconstructionoftheWorldTradeCentercomplexstillrepresentsamassive concentrationofhumanityandinfrastructure.Thisisaremarkablyshortsighted anddangerousvisionofthefuture.Thesecurityriskseconomic expensesandenvironmentalhazardsofovercentralizationareeverywhereand theydonotstopwithskyscrapersandlargegovernmentalstructures.Thereare risksalsoatseaportsandairportsinfoodandwatersuppliesatnuclear powerplantsandhydroelectricturbinesatmajordamsintransportation systemsandininformationandcommunicationssystems.This vulnerabilityappliesnotonlytoterroristthreatsbutalsotohumanerror suchassystem-wideblackoutsinNorthAmericainAugust2003andinItalyin September2003andnaturaldisasterssuchastyphoonshurricanesfloodsand earthquakes.Leadersandplannersareonlyslowlybecomingawarethatover centralizedfacilitiesarethemostvulnerabletoattackorcatastrophic destruction.Thereisalsogrowingawarenessthatnewbroadband electronicsystemsnowallowgovernmentsandcorporationstosafeguardtheirkey assetsandpeopleinnewandinnovativeways.Sofarcorporationshavebeen quickesttoadjusttothesenewrealitiesandsomegovernmentshavebegunto adjustaswell.TheadvantageoftelecitiesovermegacitiesmayincludeallthefollowingEXCEPT______.
Text4 Thetelecityisacitywhoselife directionandfunctioningarelargelyshapedbytelecommunications.Inthe twenty-firstcentury;citieswillbebasedmoreandmoreonaneconomythatis dependentonservicesandintellectualproperty.Telecommunicationsand informationnetworkswilldefineacity’sarchitectureshapeandcharacter. Proximityinthetelecitywillbedefinedbythespeedandbandwidthofnetworks asmuchasbygeographicalpropinquity.IntheageofthetelecityNewYork andSingaporemaybecloserthansayNewYorkandArkadelphia Arkansas.Telecitieswillsupersedemegacitiesforseveral reasonsincludingthedrivetowardcleanairreducingpollutionenergy conservationmorejobsbasedonservicesandcopingwiththehighcostof urbanproperty.Nowwemustaddtheneedtocopewithterroristthreatsina high-technologyworld.Westernmind-setswereclearlyjoltedin thewakeoftheterroristattackontheWorldTradeCenterinNewYorkCityand attacksinIndonesiaSaudiArabiaandelsewhere.Buttherisksposedby twentieth-centurypatternsofurbanizationandarchitecturehaveyettoregister fullywithpoliticalfiguresandleadersofindustry.ThePentagonforexample hasbeenrebuiltinsituationratherthandistributedtomultiplelocationsand connectedbysecurelandlinesandbroadbandwirelesssystems.Likewisethe reconstructionoftheWorldTradeCentercomplexstillrepresentsamassive concentrationofhumanityandinfrastructure.Thisisaremarkablyshortsighted anddangerousvisionofthefuture.Thesecurityriskseconomic expensesandenvironmentalhazardsofovercentralizationareeverywhereand theydonotstopwithskyscrapersandlargegovernmentalstructures.Thereare risksalsoatseaportsandairportsinfoodandwatersuppliesatnuclear powerplantsandhydroelectricturbinesatmajordamsintransportation systemsandininformationandcommunicationssystems.This vulnerabilityappliesnotonlytoterroristthreatsbutalsotohumanerror suchassystem-wideblackoutsinNorthAmericainAugust2003andinItalyin September2003andnaturaldisasterssuchastyphoonshurricanesfloodsand earthquakes.Leadersandplannersareonlyslowlybecomingawarethatover centralizedfacilitiesarethemostvulnerabletoattackorcatastrophic destruction.Thereisalsogrowingawarenessthatnewbroadband electronicsystemsnowallowgovernmentsandcorporationstosafeguardtheirkey assetsandpeopleinnewandinnovativeways.Sofarcorporationshavebeen quickesttoadjusttothesenewrealitiesandsomegovernmentshavebegunto adjustaswell.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothetext
Text2 Avarietyofsignificantattractive short-termbenefitswilldrivethedevelopmentofmodernself-sufficienthomes. Theseincludesecurityfromsevereweatherclimatechangesandnatural disasters;securityfrominfectiousdiseasesandrelatedhealthproblems;a freshandnutritiousdiet;adependablefoodsupply;andsecurityfromglobal unrest.ButtherealbenefitofEarthHomeswillbethe long-termsustainabilityofourplanet.Itshouldbenosecretthattheplanet isexperiencingunusualweatherandclimateabnormalities.The10hottestyears inrecordedhistoryhaveallbeeninthelast15years;the1990swerethe hottestdecadeonrecord.TheMidwesternheatwaveof1995killed669peoplein Chicago.In1996wehadaseasonofrecordheatspellsand1997wasthesingle wannestyearonrecord--until1998shatteredglobaltemperaturerecords. Record-hightemperaturesthroughoutthesouthernUnitedStatesduringthesummer of1998forcedtheshutdownofWaltDisneyWorld’swaterparksbecauseofthe threatofaviralencephalitisoutbreak.TheUnitedNationsandinsurersblame unusualweatherforthousandsofdeathsandbillionsofdollarsin damage.Manyscientistsagreethattheemissionsresultingfrom humanactivitiesaresubstantiallyincreasingtheatmosphericconcentrationof thegreenhousegases.Theseincreaseswillenhancethegreenhouseeffect resultinginwarmingoftheearth’ssurface.In1990scientistspredictedthat ifgreenhousegasemissionsarenotsharplydecreasedwemightexperiencea1C to3Criseinglobaltemperatures.Theysuggestedthatwewouldhavetocutin halfouruseofcoaloilandgasinordertolowerouremissionsenoughto maintainconcentrationsofgreenhousegasesatthecurrentlevels. Proofofwarningincludesadecreaseintheamountofsnowthatcoversthe NorthernHemisphereasimultaneousdecreaseinArcticseaicecontinued meltingofalpineglaciersandariseinsealevel.Rainhasevenbeenreported forthefirsttimeinAntarcticaandanice-freepatchofoceanaboutamile widehasrecentlyopenedneartheNorthPole.Meanwhilestudies haveshownthatthecarbondioxideconcentrationinouratmospherehasbeen steadilyincreasingsince1958.Eventhoughtherateofemissionsfromfossil fuelshasbeenreducedconcentrationhasrisenconsistently.In 1995thesizeoftheozoneholeoverAntarcticadoubledtoaboutthesizeof Europe.Forthefirsttimeinrecordedhistorytheholestretchedover populatedareasexposingresidentsinsouthernChileandArgentinatoveryhigh levelsofultravioletUVradiation.Studieshaveshownthata1%decreasein ozoneinthestratosphereproducesa2%increaseinUVradiationreachingthe groundposingmoreriskstohumans.ItisimpliedthattheozoneholeoverAntarcticais______.
Text4 Thetelecityisacitywhoselife directionandfunctioningarelargelyshapedbytelecommunications.Inthe twenty-firstcentury;citieswillbebasedmoreandmoreonaneconomythatis dependentonservicesandintellectualproperty.Telecommunicationsand informationnetworkswilldefineacity’sarchitectureshapeandcharacter. Proximityinthetelecitywillbedefinedbythespeedandbandwidthofnetworks asmuchasbygeographicalpropinquity.IntheageofthetelecityNewYork andSingaporemaybecloserthansayNewYorkandArkadelphia Arkansas.Telecitieswillsupersedemegacitiesforseveral reasonsincludingthedrivetowardcleanairreducingpollutionenergy conservationmorejobsbasedonservicesandcopingwiththehighcostof urbanproperty.Nowwemustaddtheneedtocopewithterroristthreatsina high-technologyworld.Westernmind-setswereclearlyjoltedin thewakeoftheterroristattackontheWorldTradeCenterinNewYorkCityand attacksinIndonesiaSaudiArabiaandelsewhere.Buttherisksposedby twentieth-centurypatternsofurbanizationandarchitecturehaveyettoregister fullywithpoliticalfiguresandleadersofindustry.ThePentagonforexample hasbeenrebuiltinsituationratherthandistributedtomultiplelocationsand connectedbysecurelandlinesandbroadbandwirelesssystems.Likewisethe reconstructionoftheWorldTradeCentercomplexstillrepresentsamassive concentrationofhumanityandinfrastructure.Thisisaremarkablyshortsighted anddangerousvisionofthefuture.Thesecurityriskseconomic expensesandenvironmentalhazardsofovercentralizationareeverywhereand theydonotstopwithskyscrapersandlargegovernmentalstructures.Thereare risksalsoatseaportsandairportsinfoodandwatersuppliesatnuclear powerplantsandhydroelectricturbinesatmajordamsintransportation systemsandininformationandcommunicationssystems.This vulnerabilityappliesnotonlytoterroristthreatsbutalsotohumanerror suchassystem-wideblackoutsinNorthAmericainAugust2003andinItalyin September2003andnaturaldisasterssuchastyphoonshurricanesfloodsand earthquakes.Leadersandplannersareonlyslowlybecomingawarethatover centralizedfacilitiesarethemostvulnerabletoattackorcatastrophic destruction.Thereisalsogrowingawarenessthatnewbroadband electronicsystemsnowallowgovernmentsandcorporationstosafeguardtheirkey assetsandpeopleinnewandinnovativeways.Sofarcorporationshavebeen quickesttoadjusttothesenewrealitiesandsomegovernmentshavebegunto adjustaswell.JudgingfromthecontextthewordtheyLine2Para.4refersto______.
Text2 Avarietyofsignificantattractive short-termbenefitswilldrivethedevelopmentofmodernself-sufficienthomes. Theseincludesecurityfromsevereweatherclimatechangesandnatural disasters;securityfrominfectiousdiseasesandrelatedhealthproblems;a freshandnutritiousdiet;adependablefoodsupply;andsecurityfromglobal unrest.ButtherealbenefitofEarthHomeswillbethe long-termsustainabilityofourplanet.Itshouldbenosecretthattheplanet isexperiencingunusualweatherandclimateabnormalities.The10hottestyears inrecordedhistoryhaveallbeeninthelast15years;the1990swerethe hottestdecadeonrecord.TheMidwesternheatwaveof1995killed669peoplein Chicago.In1996wehadaseasonofrecordheatspellsand1997wasthesingle wannestyearonrecord--until1998shatteredglobaltemperaturerecords. Record-hightemperaturesthroughoutthesouthernUnitedStatesduringthesummer of1998forcedtheshutdownofWaltDisneyWorld’swaterparksbecauseofthe threatofaviralencephalitisoutbreak.TheUnitedNationsandinsurersblame unusualweatherforthousandsofdeathsandbillionsofdollarsin damage.Manyscientistsagreethattheemissionsresultingfrom humanactivitiesaresubstantiallyincreasingtheatmosphericconcentrationof thegreenhousegases.Theseincreaseswillenhancethegreenhouseeffect resultinginwarmingoftheearth’ssurface.In1990scientistspredictedthat ifgreenhousegasemissionsarenotsharplydecreasedwemightexperiencea1C to3Criseinglobaltemperatures.Theysuggestedthatwewouldhavetocutin halfouruseofcoaloilandgasinordertolowerouremissionsenoughto maintainconcentrationsofgreenhousegasesatthecurrentlevels. Proofofwarningincludesadecreaseintheamountofsnowthatcoversthe NorthernHemisphereasimultaneousdecreaseinArcticseaicecontinued meltingofalpineglaciersandariseinsealevel.Rainhasevenbeenreported forthefirsttimeinAntarcticaandanice-freepatchofoceanaboutamile widehasrecentlyopenedneartheNorthPole.Meanwhilestudies haveshownthatthecarbondioxideconcentrationinouratmospherehasbeen steadilyincreasingsince1958.Eventhoughtherateofemissionsfromfossil fuelshasbeenreducedconcentrationhasrisenconsistently.In 1995thesizeoftheozoneholeoverAntarcticadoubledtoaboutthesizeof Europe.Forthefirsttimeinrecordedhistorytheholestretchedover populatedareasexposingresidentsinsouthernChileandArgentinatoveryhigh levelsofultravioletUVradiation.Studieshaveshownthata1%decreasein ozoneinthestratosphereproducesa2%increaseinUVradiationreachingthe groundposingmoreriskstohumans.Incomparisonwithtraditionalhomestheadvantagesofmodemself-sufficienthomesare______.
SectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartADirections: Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextby choosingABCorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.Text 1 Peopleinbusinesscanuseforesightto identifynewproductsandservicesaswellasmarketsforthoseproductsand services.Anincreaseinminoritypopulationsinaneighborhoodwouldprompta grocerwithforesighttostockmorefoodslinkedtoethnictastes.Anartmuseum directorwithforesightmightfollowtrendsincomputergraphicstomake exhibitsmoreappealingtoyoungervisitors.Foresightmay revealpotentialthreatsthatwecanpreparetodealwithbeforetheybecome crises.Forinstanceacorporatemanagerwithforesightmightseeanalarming riseinlocalhousingpricesthatcouldaffecttheavailabilityofskilled workersintheregion.Thepublic’schangingvaluesandprioritiesaswellas emergingtechnologiesdemographicshiftseconomicconstraintsor opportunitiesandenvironmentalandresourceconcernsareallpartsofthe increasinglycomplexworldsysteminwhichleadersmustlead. Peopleingovernmentalsoneedforesighttokeepsystemsrunningsmoothly toplanbudgetsandtopreventwars.Governmentleaderstodaymustdealwitha hostofnewproblemsemergingfromrapidadvancesintechnology. Evenatthecommunitylevelforesightiscritical:Schoolofficialsfor exampleneedforesighttoassessnumbersofstudentstoaccommodatenumbersof teacherstohireneweducationaltechnologiestodeployandnewskillsfor studentsandtheirteacherstodevelop.Manyofthebest-known techniquesforforesightweredevelopedbygovernmentplannersespeciallyin themilitarywhenthepost-WorldWarIIatomicagemadeitcriticaltothink abouttheunthinkableandprepareforit.PioneeringfuturistsattheRAND Corporationthefirstthinktankbeganseriouslyconsideringwhatnew technologiesmightemergeinthefutureandhowthesemightaffectU.S. security.ThesepioneeringfuturistsatRANDalongwithotherselsewhere refinedavarietyofnewwaysforthinkingaboutthefuture.The futuristsrecognizedthatthefutureworldiscontinuouswiththepresentworld sowecanlearnagreatdealaboutwhatmayhappeninthefuturebylooking systematicallyatwhatishappeningnow.Thekeythingtowatchisnotevents suddendevelopmentsorone-dayoccurrencesbuttrendslong-termongoingshifts insuchthingsaspopulationlandusetechnologyandgovernmentalsystems .Usingthesetechniquesandmanyothersfuturistsnowcantell usmanythingsthatmayhappeninthefuture.Somearenearlycertaintohappen suchasthecontinuingexpansionintheworld’spopulation.Othereventsare viewedasfarlesslikelybutcouldbeextremelyimportantiftheydooccur suchasanasteroidcollidingwiththeplanet.Whichofthefollowingmayberegardedaspotentialcrises
Text3 Eatingbetterandmoreadventurouslyis becominganobsessionespeciallyamongpeoplewithmoneytospend.Healthier eating-andnot-so-healthyeating-aswellasthenumberandvarietyoffood choicesandvenuescontinuetoincreaseataneverquickeningpace. Globalizationisthemastertrendthatwilldrivetheworldoffoodinthe yearsahead.Consumerstravelingtheglobebothvirtuallyandinrealitywill beabletosweepupingredientspackagedfoodsrecipesandcookingtechniques fromeverycomeroftheearthatanever-intensifyingandacceleratingpace. Formerlyremoteingredientsandcookingstylesarecreatingawholenewculinary mosaicastheyaretransplantedandreinterpretedallovertheworld. Manyfactorsarebehindthisbutnonemoresothantheinfluenceofthe greatinternationalhotelchains.Virtuallyeverychefwhohasworkedfor HiltonWestinPeninsulaoranyothermajorchaingathersglobalexperiencein localesasdiverseasSingaporeNewOrleansTorontoandDubai.Ateachstop theycarryawaycookingideasandtechniquestheycananddouse elsewhere.Thistrendwillgainevengreatermomentumas ambitiousyoungadultsstaketheirownfuturesoninternationalizationtreating broaderfoodawayasanimportantaspectoftheirownadvancement.Youngpeople willneedknowledgeoffoodandingredientsfromdifferentcontinentsand culturesasoneaspectofsocializationenculturationculturalexchangeand success.Incountryaftercountrythereseemslittledoubtthatglobalcuisine willmakeitsbiggestinroadsamongtheyoungerset.Manyinthegenerationsnow comingofagewilltreatworld-rangingfoodknowledgeandexperienceaskey elementsinfurtheringtheirpersonalplansbusinessacumenandindividual growth.TheInternethasmadeglobalcontactsamatterof routine.Computernetworkingwillpermitchefsandothersinthefoodindustry includingconsumerstolinkdirectlywiththebestavailableauthoritiesin farawaynationssupplementingorbypassingsecondhandsourcesofinformation altogether.Timewithallitsimplicationswillalsobea factorinemergingworldfoodtrends.Moreandmoreofusaredestinedto operateonglobaltime-thatisatfulltilt24hoursaday.Thiswillbecome thenormforcompanieswithresourcesscatteredallovertheplanet.Beyondthe 24-hoursupermarketsmanyofusalreadytakeforgrantedtherewillalsobe three-shiftshoppingcentersopenatanyhour.Restaurantsinthegreatbusiness capitalsintentoncultivatinganinternationalclientelewillservemidnight breakfastsorbreak-of-dawndinnerswiththeappropriatewineswithoutraising asingleeyebrow.JudgingfromcontextthephraseglobalcuisineLines5-6Para.4probablymean______.
SectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartADirections: Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextby choosingABCorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.Text 1 Peopleinbusinesscanuseforesightto identifynewproductsandservicesaswellasmarketsforthoseproductsand services.Anincreaseinminoritypopulationsinaneighborhoodwouldprompta grocerwithforesighttostockmorefoodslinkedtoethnictastes.Anartmuseum directorwithforesightmightfollowtrendsincomputergraphicstomake exhibitsmoreappealingtoyoungervisitors.Foresightmay revealpotentialthreatsthatwecanpreparetodealwithbeforetheybecome crises.Forinstanceacorporatemanagerwithforesightmightseeanalarming riseinlocalhousingpricesthatcouldaffecttheavailabilityofskilled workersintheregion.Thepublic’schangingvaluesandprioritiesaswellas emergingtechnologiesdemographicshiftseconomicconstraintsor opportunitiesandenvironmentalandresourceconcernsareallpartsofthe increasinglycomplexworldsysteminwhichleadersmustlead. Peopleingovernmentalsoneedforesighttokeepsystemsrunningsmoothly toplanbudgetsandtopreventwars.Governmentleaderstodaymustdealwitha hostofnewproblemsemergingfromrapidadvancesintechnology. Evenatthecommunitylevelforesightiscritical:Schoolofficialsfor exampleneedforesighttoassessnumbersofstudentstoaccommodatenumbersof teacherstohireneweducationaltechnologiestodeployandnewskillsfor studentsandtheirteacherstodevelop.Manyofthebest-known techniquesforforesightweredevelopedbygovernmentplannersespeciallyin themilitarywhenthepost-WorldWarIIatomicagemadeitcriticaltothink abouttheunthinkableandprepareforit.PioneeringfuturistsattheRAND Corporationthefirstthinktankbeganseriouslyconsideringwhatnew technologiesmightemergeinthefutureandhowthesemightaffectU.S. security.ThesepioneeringfuturistsatRANDalongwithotherselsewhere refinedavarietyofnewwaysforthinkingaboutthefuture.The futuristsrecognizedthatthefutureworldiscontinuouswiththepresentworld sowecanlearnagreatdealaboutwhatmayhappeninthefuturebylooking systematicallyatwhatishappeningnow.Thekeythingtowatchisnotevents suddendevelopmentsorone-dayoccurrencesbuttrendslong-termongoingshifts insuchthingsaspopulationlandusetechnologyandgovernmentalsystems .Usingthesetechniquesandmanyothersfuturistsnowcantell usmanythingsthatmayhappeninthefuture.Somearenearlycertaintohappen suchasthecontinuingexpansionintheworld’spopulation.Othereventsare viewedasfarlesslikelybutcouldbeextremelyimportantiftheydooccur suchasanasteroidcollidingwiththeplanet.Accordingtothetextthemostimportantforthefuturiststograspis______.
PartBDirections:Inthefollowingarticlessomesentence havebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45choosethemostsuitableonefromthe listA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblank.Therearetwoextrachoices whichdonotfitinanyofthegaps.MarkyouranswersonANSWTRSHEET 1. Asignificantportionofindustryandtransportationburns fossilfuelssuchasgasoline.Whenthesefuelsburnchemicalsandparticulate matterarereleasedintotheatmosphere.Althoughavastnumberofsubstances contributetoairpollutionthemostcommonairpollutantscontaincarbon sulfurandnitrogen.41__________.Acidrain formswhensulfurdioxideandnitrousoxidetransformintosulfuricacidand nitricacidintheatmosphereandcomebacktoEarthinprecipitation.Acidrain hasmadenumerouslakessoacidicthattheynolongersupportfish populations.42__________.Estimatessuggest thatnearly1.5billionpeopleworldwidelacksafedrinkingwaterandthatat least5milliondeathsperyearcanbeattributedtowaterbornediseases.Water pollutionmaycomefrompointsourcesornonpointsources.Pointsources dischargepollutantsfromspecificlocationssuchasfactoriessewage treatmentplantsandoiltankers.Thetechnologyexiststomonitorandregulate pointsourcesofpollutionalthoughinsomeareasthisoccursonly sporadically.Pollutionfromnonpointsourcesoccurswhenrainfallorsnowmelt movesoverandthroughtheground.43__________. Withalmost80percentoftheplanetcoveredbyoceanspeoplehavelong actedasifthosebodiesofwatercouldserveasalimitlessdumpinggroundfor wastes.Howeverrawsewagegarbageandoilspillshavebeguntooverwhelmthe dilutingcapabilitiesoftileoceansandmostcoastalwatersarenowpolluted threateningmarinewildlife.44__________. Waterthatcollectsbeneaththegroundiscalledgroundwater.Worldwide groundwateris40timesmoreabundantthanfreshwaterinstreamsandlakes.In theUnitedStatesapproximatelyhalfthedrinkingwatercomesfromgroundwater. Althoughgroundwaterisarenewableresourcereservesreplenishrelatively slowly.PresentlygroundwaterintheUnitedStatesiswithdrawnapproximately4 timesfasterthanitisnaturallyreplaced.45__________.A. Beachesaroundtheworldcloseregularlyoftenbecausethesurroundingwaters containhighlevelsofbacteriafromsewagedisposal.B.These chemicalsinteractwithoneanotherandwithultravioletradiationinsunlight indangerousways.Smogusuallyfoundinurbanareaswithlargenumbersof automobilesformswhennitrogenoxidesreactwithhydrocarbonsintheairto producealdehydesandketones.Smogcancauseserioushealthproblems. C.Acidrainisalsoresponsibleforthedeclineofmanyforest ecosystemsworldwideincludingGermany’sBlackForestandforeststhroughout theeasternUnitedStates.D.Inadditiontogroundwater depletionscientistsworryaboutgroundwatercontaminationwhicharisesfrom leakingundergroundstoragetankspoorlydesignedindustrialwastepondsand seepagefromthedeep-wellinjectionofhazardouswastesintounderground geologicformations.E.TheOgallalaAquiferahugeunderground reservoirstretchingundereightstatesoftheGreatPlainsisdrawndownat ratesexceeding100timesthereplacementrate.Agriculturalpracticesdepending onthissourceofwaterneedtochangewithinagenerationinordertosavethis groundwatersource.F.Astherunoffmovesitpicksupand carriesawaypollutantssuchaspesticidesandfertilizersdepositingthe pollutantsintolakesriverswetlandscoastalwatersandevenunderground sourcesofdrinkingwater.Pollutionarisingfromnonpointsourcesaccountsfor amajorityofthecontaminantsinstreamsandlakes.G.By someestimatesonaverage25percentofusablegroundwateriscontaminated andinsomeareasasmuchas75percentiscontaminated.
Text3 Eatingbetterandmoreadventurouslyis becominganobsessionespeciallyamongpeoplewithmoneytospend.Healthier eating-andnot-so-healthyeating-aswellasthenumberandvarietyoffood choicesandvenuescontinuetoincreaseataneverquickeningpace. Globalizationisthemastertrendthatwilldrivetheworldoffoodinthe yearsahead.Consumerstravelingtheglobebothvirtuallyandinrealitywill beabletosweepupingredientspackagedfoodsrecipesandcookingtechniques fromeverycomeroftheearthatanever-intensifyingandacceleratingpace. Formerlyremoteingredientsandcookingstylesarecreatingawholenewculinary mosaicastheyaretransplantedandreinterpretedallovertheworld. Manyfactorsarebehindthisbutnonemoresothantheinfluenceofthe greatinternationalhotelchains.Virtuallyeverychefwhohasworkedfor HiltonWestinPeninsulaoranyothermajorchaingathersglobalexperiencein localesasdiverseasSingaporeNewOrleansTorontoandDubai.Ateachstop theycarryawaycookingideasandtechniquestheycananddouse elsewhere.Thistrendwillgainevengreatermomentumas ambitiousyoungadultsstaketheirownfuturesoninternationalizationtreating broaderfoodawayasanimportantaspectoftheirownadvancement.Youngpeople willneedknowledgeoffoodandingredientsfromdifferentcontinentsand culturesasoneaspectofsocializationenculturationculturalexchangeand success.Incountryaftercountrythereseemslittledoubtthatglobalcuisine willmakeitsbiggestinroadsamongtheyoungerset.Manyinthegenerationsnow comingofagewilltreatworld-rangingfoodknowledgeandexperienceaskey elementsinfurtheringtheirpersonalplansbusinessacumenandindividual growth.TheInternethasmadeglobalcontactsamatterof routine.Computernetworkingwillpermitchefsandothersinthefoodindustry includingconsumerstolinkdirectlywiththebestavailableauthoritiesin farawaynationssupplementingorbypassingsecondhandsourcesofinformation altogether.Timewithallitsimplicationswillalsobea factorinemergingworldfoodtrends.Moreandmoreofusaredestinedto operateonglobaltime-thatisatfulltilt24hoursaday.Thiswillbecome thenormforcompanieswithresourcesscatteredallovertheplanet.Beyondthe 24-hoursupermarketsmanyofusalreadytakeforgrantedtherewillalsobe three-shiftshoppingcentersopenatanyhour.Restaurantsinthegreatbusiness capitalsintentoncultivatinganinternationalclientelewillservemidnight breakfastsorbreak-of-dawndinnerswiththeappropriatewineswithoutraising asingleeyebrow.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat______.
Text2 Avarietyofsignificantattractive short-termbenefitswilldrivethedevelopmentofmodernself-sufficienthomes. Theseincludesecurityfromsevereweatherclimatechangesandnatural disasters;securityfrominfectiousdiseasesandrelatedhealthproblems;a freshandnutritiousdiet;adependablefoodsupply;andsecurityfromglobal unrest.ButtherealbenefitofEarthHomeswillbethe long-termsustainabilityofourplanet.Itshouldbenosecretthattheplanet isexperiencingunusualweatherandclimateabnormalities.The10hottestyears inrecordedhistoryhaveallbeeninthelast15years;the1990swerethe hottestdecadeonrecord.TheMidwesternheatwaveof1995killed669peoplein Chicago.In1996wehadaseasonofrecordheatspellsand1997wasthesingle wannestyearonrecord--until1998shatteredglobaltemperaturerecords. Record-hightemperaturesthroughoutthesouthernUnitedStatesduringthesummer of1998forcedtheshutdownofWaltDisneyWorld’swaterparksbecauseofthe threatofaviralencephalitisoutbreak.TheUnitedNationsandinsurersblame unusualweatherforthousandsofdeathsandbillionsofdollarsin damage.Manyscientistsagreethattheemissionsresultingfrom humanactivitiesaresubstantiallyincreasingtheatmosphericconcentrationof thegreenhousegases.Theseincreaseswillenhancethegreenhouseeffect resultinginwarmingoftheearth’ssurface.In1990scientistspredictedthat ifgreenhousegasemissionsarenotsharplydecreasedwemightexperiencea1C to3Criseinglobaltemperatures.Theysuggestedthatwewouldhavetocutin halfouruseofcoaloilandgasinordertolowerouremissionsenoughto maintainconcentrationsofgreenhousegasesatthecurrentlevels. Proofofwarningincludesadecreaseintheamountofsnowthatcoversthe NorthernHemisphereasimultaneousdecreaseinArcticseaicecontinued meltingofalpineglaciersandariseinsealevel.Rainhasevenbeenreported forthefirsttimeinAntarcticaandanice-freepatchofoceanaboutamile widehasrecentlyopenedneartheNorthPole.Meanwhilestudies haveshownthatthecarbondioxideconcentrationinouratmospherehasbeen steadilyincreasingsince1958.Eventhoughtherateofemissionsfromfossil fuelshasbeenreducedconcentrationhasrisenconsistently.In 1995thesizeoftheozoneholeoverAntarcticadoubledtoaboutthesizeof Europe.Forthefirsttimeinrecordedhistorytheholestretchedover populatedareasexposingresidentsinsouthernChileandArgentinatoveryhigh levelsofultravioletUVradiation.Studieshaveshownthata1%decreasein ozoneinthestratosphereproducesa2%increaseinUVradiationreachingthe groundposingmoreriskstohumans.Accordingtoscientiststokeepdownconcentrationsofgreenhousegasesweshould______.
热门题库
更多
高考政治
高考历史
国家统考科目
香港法概论
反间谍法
__学
合同法
证据学
民事诉讼法学
民法学
刑法学
消费者权益保护法
法理学
竞争法
国际公法
国际经济法
湘公网安备 43130202000226号