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{{B}}第二篇{{/B}} ? ?Scientists watched closely last spring as a haze of pollution, which ha...
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{{*HTML*}}阅读下面的短文文章中有5处空白文章后有6组文字请根据文章的内容选择5组文字将其分别放回文章原有位置以恢复文章原貌 ??TheU.S.governmenthasbeencoveringupevidenceof extraterrestrialvisitsformorethan50yearsanarrayof20retiredAir ForceFederalAviationAdministrationandintelligenceofficerssaidrecently. TheydemandedCongressholdhearingsonwhattheysayislongstandingsecret U.S.involvementwithUFOsandextraterrestrials.??{{U}}?46 ?{{/U}}JohnCallahanaformerFAAdivisionchiefofaccidentsand investigationssaidhewasdirectedbyCIAofficerstocoverupaNov.18 1986incidentinvolvingaUFOandaJapaneseairlinernearAnchorageAlaska. MichaelSmithaformerU.S.AirForceairtrafficcontrollerstationednear KlamathFallsOre.inthe1960sandearly1970sreportedseeingaUFO hoveringat80000feetonenight.Iwastoldyoukeepittoyourselfhe said.NORADNorthAmericanAerospaceDefenseCommandcalledmeonenightto saythere’saUFOcominguptheCaliforniacoastline.Iaskedthemwhatto do.{{U}}?47?{{/U}}??DonnaHareaNASAdesign illustratorwithsecretclearancesaidUFOswereroutinelyairbrushedoutof highaltitudephotosoftheEarthbeforebeingreleasedtothepublic.? ?{{U}}?48?{{/U}}ApolloastronautsshesaidhadspottedUFOs buttheyaretoldtokeepthisquietandnottotalkaboutitshesaid.Karl WolfanAirForcesergeantwhowasassignedtotheNationalSecurityAgency saidthatmysteriousstructureswerediscoveredonthefarsideofthemoonwhen theUnitedStateswasmappingitssurfacebeforethe1969lunarlanding.{{U}} ?49?{{/U}}.??{{U}}?50?{{/U}}Despitethe government’srefusaltodiscusstheissueseveralwitnesseshavealsotoldof beingstationedatmilitarybasesornearsiloscontainingnuclearmissileswhen aUFOswungby.Afterwardmilitaryofficerswoulddiscoverthemissileshad beentemporarilydeactivated.???A.Theysaidnothingnot towriteitdown.???B.The20witnessesitissaidwerea fractionofthe400peoplewhoarewillingtotestify.???C. ThePentagondoesnotcommentonUFOsexpecttosaytheydonotexistandthat suchobjectsreallyarehighaltitudeballoonsormilitaryaircraft.? ??D.Wealwaysairbrushthemoutbeforewereleasethemtothe publiconetechniciantoldher.???E.Thesehavebeen retrievedfromapurportedcrashinJuly1947.???F.These photostoowereculledoutofthepublicrecord.{{*HTML*}}
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面的短文文章中有5处空白文章后有6组文字请根据文章的内容选择5组文字将其分别放回文章原有位置以恢复文章原貌 ??TheU.S.governmenthasbeencoveringupevidenceof extraterrestrialvisitsformorethan50yearsanarrayof20retiredAir ForceFederalAviationAdministrationandintelligenceofficerssaidrecently. TheydemandedCongressholdhearingsonwhattheysayislongstandingsecret U.S.involvementwithUFOsandextraterrestrials.??{{U}}?46 ?{{/U}}JohnCallahanaformerFAAdivisionchiefofaccidentsand investigationssaidhewasdirectedbyCIAofficerstocoverupaNov.18 1986incidentinvolvingaUFOandaJapaneseairlinernearAnchorageAlaska. MichaelSmithaformerU.S.AirForceairtrafficcontrollerstationednear KlamathFallsOre.inthe1960sandearly1970sreportedseeingaUFO hoveringat80000feetonenight.Iwastoldyoukeepittoyourselfhe said.NORADNorthAmericanAerospaceDefenseCommandcalledmeonenightto saythere’saUFOcominguptheCaliforniacoastline.Iaskedthemwhatto do.{{U}}?47?{{/U}}??DonnaHareaNASAdesign illustratorwithsecretclearancesaidUFOswereroutinelyairbrushedoutof highaltitudephotosoftheEarthbeforebeingreleasedtothepublic.? ?{{U}}?48?{{/U}}ApolloastronautsshesaidhadspottedUFOs buttheyaretoldtokeepthisquietandnottotalkaboutitshesaid.Karl WolfanAirForcesergeantwhowasassignedtotheNationalSecurityAgency saidthatmysteriousstructureswerediscoveredonthefarsideofthemoonwhen theUnitedStateswasmappingitssurfacebeforethe1969lunarlanding.{{U}} ?49?{{/U}}.??{{U}}?50?{{/U}}Despitethe government’srefusaltodiscusstheissueseveralwitnesseshavealsotoldof beingstationedatmilitarybasesornearsiloscontainingnuclearmissileswhen aUFOswungby.Afterwardmilitaryofficerswoulddiscoverthemissileshad beentemporarilydeactivated.???A.Theysaidnothingnot towriteitdown.???B.The20witnessesitissaidwerea fractionofthe400peoplewhoarewillingtotestify.???C. ThePentagondoesnotcommentonUFOsexpecttosaytheydonotexistandthat suchobjectsreallyarehighaltitudeballoonsormilitaryaircraft.? ??D.Wealwaysairbrushthemoutbeforewereleasethemtothe publiconetechniciantoldher.???E.Thesehavebeen retrievedfromapurportedcrashinJuly1947.???F.These photostoowereculledoutofthepublicrecord.
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面这篇短文短文后列出7个句子请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断如果该句提供的是正确信息请选择A如果该句提供的是错误信息请选择B如果该句的信息文章中没有提及请选择C ??Evenplantscanrunafever especiallywhenthey’reunderattackbyinsectsordisease.Butunlikehumans plantscanhavetheirtemperaturetakenfrom3000feetaway—straightup.A decadeagoadaptingtheinfrared红外线scanningtechnologydevelopedfor militarypurposesandothersatellitesphysicistStephenPaleycameupwitha quickwaytotakethetemperatureofcropstodeterminewhichonesareunder stress.Thegoalwastoletfarmersprecisely?targetpesticide杀虫剂 sprayingratherthanrainpoisononawholefieldwhichinvariably ?includesplantsthatdon’thavepest害虫problems.??Even betterPaley’sRemoteScanningServicesCompanycoulddetectcropproblems beforetheybecamevisibletotheeye.Mountedonaplaneflownat3000feetat nightaninfraredscannermeasuredtheheatemittedbycrops.ThedataWere transformedintoacolor-codedmapshowingwhereplantswererunningfevers. Farmerscouldthenspot-sprayusing50to70percentlesspesticidethanthey otherwisewould.??ThebadnewsisthatPaley’scompanyclosed downin1984afteronlythreeyears.Farmersresistedthenewtechnologyand long-termbackerswerehardtofind.Butwiththerenewedconcernabout pesticidesonproduceandrefinementsininfraredscanningPaleyhopestoget backintooperation.Agricultureexpertshavenodoubtthetechnologyworks. Thistechniquecanbeusedon75percentofagriculturallandintheUnited StatessaysGeorgeOertherofTexasA&M.RayJacksonwhorecentlyretired fromtheDepartmentofAgriculturethinksremoteinfraredcropscanningcould beadoptedbytheendofthedecade.ButonlyifPaleyfindsthefinancial backingwhichhefailedtoobtain10yearsago.Infraredscanningtechnologymaybebroughtbackintooperationbecausegrowingconcernabouttheexcessiveuseofpesticidesoncrops.
{{*HTML*}}下面有3篇短文每篇短文后有5道题每题后面有4个选项请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案? ?{{B}}第一篇{{/B}} ??Oneofthegreatestmysteriesofthe worldfor’whichscientisthavesofarbeenunabletofindanysatisfactory explanationistheBermudaTrianglesometimecalledtheGraveyardofthe Atlantic.ThisisanareaofthewesternAtlanticbetweenBermudaandFlorida roughlytriangularinshapewheresince1945atleastahundredshipsandplanes andoverathousandpeoplehavedisappeared.Nowreckagehadbeenfoundno bodieslifebeltsoranyotherevidenceofdisater.Itisasiftheseplanes shipsandpeoplehadneverexisted.Insomecasesaroutineradiomessagehas beenreceivedfromaircraftreportingeverythinginorderafewminutesbefore allcontactwaslostinothersaweakS.O.Smessagehasbeenpickedupand inperfectweatherinexplicablereferencestofogandlossofbearings.Inthe extraordinarycaseoffiveU.$.navyplanesdisappearingonaroutinemission fromFloridatherescueplacesenttolocatethemvanishedalso.Therehave beenreferencestothecuriouswhitelightorhazewhichisafeatureofthesea inpartofthisareaanditisinterestingtonotethatnotonlywasthis lightorstreaksoflightobservedbytheastronautsontheirwaytospace butwasalsonotedbyColumbusfivecenturiesago.Whetherthislighthasany connectionwiththemysteriousdisappearanceisunknown-itisjustanother curiouscircumstanceasyetunexplained.??Manytheoriessome borderingonthefantastichavebeenadvancedtoaccountforthedisturbing incidentsthatoccurintheareaoftheBermudaTriangle.Ithasbeenasked whetherthesedisappearancesarecausedbyextraterrestrialactivitybysome undiscoveredsourceofenergyorsomedimensionoftimeorspaceunguessedat byMan.Thisisnoanswerandspeculationcontinuesasanxiety increases.Beforecontactwithmissingaircrafthasbeenlast______.
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为规定段每段选择1个正确的小标题2第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项分别完成每个句子 ??Humanbeingshavelittledirectcontroloverthevolumeof waterintheatmosphere.Butweproduceothergreenhousegasesthatintensify theeffect.TheIPCCestimatesthatrisingCO2emissionsmostlyfrom burningfossilfuelsaccountforabout60percentofthewarmingobservedsince 1850Carbondioxideconcentrationhasbeenincreasingbyabout0.3percenta yearanditisnowabout30percenthigherthanitwasbeforetheindustrial revolution.2.??Therelentlessaccumulationofgreenhousegases hasledtheIPCCtoprojectthatinthenexthundredyearsaverageglobal temperatureswillriseby1to3.5degreesC.Thatmaynotseemlikemuch. Yetthelittleiceageananomalouscoldsnapthatpeakedfrom1570to1730 andforcedEuropeanfarmerstoabandontheirfieldswascausedbyachangeof onlyhalfadegree.3.??Thecompeermodelsusedtoproject greenhouseeffectsfarintothefuturearestillbeingimprovedtoaccommodatea rapidlygrowingfontofknowledge.Anditisremarkablydifficulttodetecta definitivesignatureofhumanactivityintheworld’swidelyfluctuating climaterecord.Toprojectfutureclimatepatternsscientistsusecomputer simulationsoftheinteractionsamonglandairwatericeandsunlight.These generalcirculationmodelsorGCMsconsistofequationsrepresentingtheknown lawsofatmosphericphysicsandoceancirculation.Foreachsectionofthe planettheycalculatetheeffectofsuchfactorsasairtemperaturethe Earth’srotationsurfacefrictionatsealevelrainfallandotherclimatic conditions.Aperfectmodelifgivenenoughinformationaboutconditionson Earthseveralhundredyearsagocouldprovideanexactdescriptionoftoday’s climate.Onlyveryrecentlyhavemodelsbeendevelopedthatarecapableof realisticallydepictingthepresentglobalclimatewithoutalotoftinkering— adjustmentsoftencalledfudgefactors.4.??Inpartthisis becauseonlythemostpowerfulcomputersarefastenoughtohandlethejoband inpartbecausesomeaspectsofclimatechangearestillmysterious.Evenavid proponentscautionthatGCMsarenotyettrustworthyforpredictingdetailed effectsinindividualregions:?Modelsdividetheworld’ssurfaceinto gridsthataretypicallyabout200milesonasidebutoceaneddiesstormsand cloudactivitytakeplaceonfarsmallerscales.Themodelersthereforehave tocompensatewithapproximations.AccordingtoKevinTrenberthchiefclimate ?analystattheNationalCenterforAtmosphericResearchinBoulder ColoradoallGCMsprojectglobalwarmingbuttheycanprovideonlyarangeof projectedtemperaturechange.5.??Theroleofcloudsand airbornesuspendedparticlescalledaerosolsisnoeasiertofactorintomodels. CloudsshadetheEarth’ssurfacepromotingcooling.Butdependingontheir altitudedensityandotherconditionstheycanalsotrapoutgoingheat promotingwarming.Aerosolsarealsoequallytricky.Someencouragewatervapor intheairtocondenseintotinydroplets.Theresultingcloudsaredenseand shinyshadingthesurfaceforweeks.Thusironically?ourownpollution mainlyfromcombustionofsulfur-bearingcoalandoilmaytemporarily ?havesparedussomeeffectsofglobalwarming.6.??Yetthe warmingcouldbepartofthenaturalrollercoasterofaverageglobalair temperatureswhichhavevariedbyasmuchas6degreesCduringthepast 150000years.Climatefluctuatesoverthousandsofyearsowingtoperiodic changesinthesun’senergyoutputandintheEarth’sorbitandtiltbothof whichinfluencetheamountandintensityofsunlightreachingthesurface.Proof oftheseclimateshiftscomesfromvariationsinthecompositionofice extractedincoresfromthedepthsofancientglaciersinGreenlandand Antarcticaandfromdifferencesamongmarineorganismsinsedimentcorestaken fromtheseafloor.Itispossiblethataround1860whenscientistsfirstbegan keepingdependabletemperaturerecordstheplanetwasstillrecoveringfromthe littleiceage.Thepresentwarmingmightbeacontinuationofthatrebound andenhancedgreenhousewarmingmaybesuperimposedonandcamouflagedbythat trend.Twothingsmentionedinthearticlewhichcanbothincreaseanddecreasetemperaturesare______
{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第三篇{{/B}} ??Alexandre-GustaveBoenickhausenEiffel wasoneofthe19thcentury’smasterbuilders.Wieldingironinnewwayshe builtbridgesforthecentury’sburgeoningrailwaysinEuropeSouthAmericaand Indochina.AndaftersculptorFredericAugusteBartholdidesignedacolossal 151-footstatueofcoppersheetsin1871heturnedtoFrance’smagicianofiron foritsinternalskeleton.ThusEiffelwasinstrumentalincreatingtwoofthe best-knownmonumentstolibertyinthemodernworld—theStatueofLibertyand theEiffelTowerwhichwasbuilttomarkthecentennialoftheFrench Revolution.??DuringtheNazioccupationinWorldWarIIthe tower’spersonnelsabotagedtheelevators?todeprivetheenemyofaview ofParis.Hitlerwhorefusedtoclimbthe1710stepstothetopposedforhis picturewiththetowerinthebackground.Thecityknewliberationwasathand onAugust251944whentwoParisiansbravingbulletsricochetingthroughthe girderstoredowntheswastikaandhoistedthetricolor.??The towerillustratesEiffel’sgeniusformeticulousinnovativeengineering.After hehadsetmassivestonefoundationsbesidetheSeinefourgiantleaning pillarsencompassingfouracreswerejoined200feetupatthefirstplatform anironbeltoftrussesrunningfrompillartopillar.Thisbelthadtobe perfectlyhorizontal;ifoutoflinebyahairthestructurewouldtilt disastrouslyat1000feet.Eiffel’ssolution:hydraulicjacksembeddedineach 440-toncolumnenablinghimtofine-tuneitsangleperfectly.? ?NextEiffeldeployedcreepercranesthatclimbedthetowerasitgrew helpingtohoist15000girdersand2.5millionrivetstotheexactspotwhere needed.Astonishinglythetowerwascompletedinonlytwoyearsandtwomonths forthreepercentlessthanits$1.5-millionbudgetwithnofatalitiesamong the250workers.??ThankstoEiffel’smasteryofdesignthetower givesthewindlittletoseize.Seenfromcertainanglestheoddlybeautiful traceryofintersectingironbeamsappearsalmosttransparent.Thetowerisso lightthatpressureonthefoundationsisonlyabout60poundspersquare inch—notmuchmorethanawell-fedgentlemanexertsonthefloorwhensittingin achair.ComparedwiththeoriginalplantheEiffelTowerwasfinished______.
Wellyou'reatallmanandyoucancarryagooddealofweightwithoutlooking{{U}}awkward{{/U}}.
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为规定段每段选择1个正确的小标题2第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项分别完成每个句子 ??Humanbeingshavelittledirectcontroloverthevolumeof waterintheatmosphere.Butweproduceothergreenhousegasesthatintensify theeffect.TheIPCCestimatesthatrisingCO2emissionsmostlyfrom burningfossilfuelsaccountforabout60percentofthewarmingobservedsince 1850Carbondioxideconcentrationhasbeenincreasingbyabout0.3percenta yearanditisnowabout30percenthigherthanitwasbeforetheindustrial revolution.2.??Therelentlessaccumulationofgreenhousegases hasledtheIPCCtoprojectthatinthenexthundredyearsaverageglobal temperatureswillriseby1to3.5degreesC.Thatmaynotseemlikemuch. Yetthelittleiceageananomalouscoldsnapthatpeakedfrom1570to1730 andforcedEuropeanfarmerstoabandontheirfieldswascausedbyachangeof onlyhalfadegree.3.??Thecompeermodelsusedtoproject greenhouseeffectsfarintothefuturearestillbeingimprovedtoaccommodatea rapidlygrowingfontofknowledge.Anditisremarkablydifficulttodetecta definitivesignatureofhumanactivityintheworld’swidelyfluctuating climaterecord.Toprojectfutureclimatepatternsscientistsusecomputer simulationsoftheinteractionsamonglandairwatericeandsunlight.These generalcirculationmodelsorGCMsconsistofequationsrepresentingtheknown lawsofatmosphericphysicsandoceancirculation.Foreachsectionofthe planettheycalculatetheeffectofsuchfactorsasairtemperaturethe Earth’srotationsurfacefrictionatsealevelrainfallandotherclimatic conditions.Aperfectmodelifgivenenoughinformationaboutconditionson Earthseveralhundredyearsagocouldprovideanexactdescriptionoftoday’s climate.Onlyveryrecentlyhavemodelsbeendevelopedthatarecapableof realisticallydepictingthepresentglobalclimatewithoutalotoftinkering— adjustmentsoftencalledfudgefactors.4.??Inpartthisis becauseonlythemostpowerfulcomputersarefastenoughtohandlethejoband inpartbecausesomeaspectsofclimatechangearestillmysterious.Evenavid proponentscautionthatGCMsarenotyettrustworthyforpredictingdetailed effectsinindividualregions:?Modelsdividetheworld’ssurfaceinto gridsthataretypicallyabout200milesonasidebutoceaneddiesstormsand cloudactivitytakeplaceonfarsmallerscales.Themodelersthereforehave tocompensatewithapproximations.AccordingtoKevinTrenberthchiefclimate ?analystattheNationalCenterforAtmosphericResearchinBoulder ColoradoallGCMsprojectglobalwarmingbuttheycanprovideonlyarangeof projectedtemperaturechange.5.??Theroleofcloudsand airbornesuspendedparticlescalledaerosolsisnoeasiertofactorintomodels. CloudsshadetheEarth’ssurfacepromotingcooling.Butdependingontheir altitudedensityandotherconditionstheycanalsotrapoutgoingheat promotingwarming.Aerosolsarealsoequallytricky.Someencouragewatervapor intheairtocondenseintotinydroplets.Theresultingcloudsaredenseand shinyshadingthesurfaceforweeks.Thusironically?ourownpollution mainlyfromcombustionofsulfur-bearingcoalandoilmaytemporarily ?havesparedussomeeffectsofglobalwarming.6.??Yetthe warmingcouldbepartofthenaturalrollercoasterofaverageglobalair temperatureswhichhavevariedbyasmuchas6degreesCduringthepast 150000years.Climatefluctuatesoverthousandsofyearsowingtoperiodic changesinthesun’senergyoutputandintheEarth’sorbitandtiltbothof whichinfluencetheamountandintensityofsunlightreachingthesurface.Proof oftheseclimateshiftscomesfromvariationsinthecompositionofice extractedincoresfromthedepthsofancientglaciersinGreenlandand Antarcticaandfromdifferencesamongmarineorganismsinsedimentcorestaken fromtheseafloor.Itispossiblethataround1860whenscientistsfirstbegan keepingdependabletemperaturerecordstheplanetwasstillrecoveringfromthe littleiceage.Thepresentwarmingmightbeacontinuationofthatrebound andenhancedgreenhousewarmingmaybesuperimposedonandcamouflagedbythat trend.Thereisnotmuchdisputethattemperatures______
Itisacommonbeliefamongparentsthattoomanyhoursforsportsmay{{U}}hamper{{/U}}academicpursuitsofthestudents.
{{*HTML*}}下面有3篇短文每篇短文后有5道题每题后面有4个选项请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案? ?{{B}}第一篇{{/B}} ??Oneofthegreatestmysteriesofthe worldfor’whichscientisthavesofarbeenunabletofindanysatisfactory explanationistheBermudaTrianglesometimecalledtheGraveyardofthe Atlantic.ThisisanareaofthewesternAtlanticbetweenBermudaandFlorida roughlytriangularinshapewheresince1945atleastahundredshipsandplanes andoverathousandpeoplehavedisappeared.Nowreckagehadbeenfoundno bodieslifebeltsoranyotherevidenceofdisater.Itisasiftheseplanes shipsandpeoplehadneverexisted.Insomecasesaroutineradiomessagehas beenreceivedfromaircraftreportingeverythinginorderafewminutesbefore allcontactwaslostinothersaweakS.O.Smessagehasbeenpickedupand inperfectweatherinexplicablereferencestofogandlossofbearings.Inthe extraordinarycaseoffiveU.$.navyplanesdisappearingonaroutinemission fromFloridatherescueplacesenttolocatethemvanishedalso.Therehave beenreferencestothecuriouswhitelightorhazewhichisafeatureofthesea inpartofthisareaanditisinterestingtonotethatnotonlywasthis lightorstreaksoflightobservedbytheastronautsontheirwaytospace butwasalsonotedbyColumbusfivecenturiesago.Whetherthislighthasany connectionwiththemysteriousdisappearanceisunknown-itisjustanother curiouscircumstanceasyetunexplained.??Manytheoriessome borderingonthefantastichavebeenadvancedtoaccountforthedisturbing incidentsthatoccurintheareaoftheBermudaTriangle.Ithasbeenasked whetherthesedisappearancesarecausedbyextraterrestrialactivitybysome undiscoveredsourceofenergyorsomedimensionoftimeorspaceunguessedat byMan.Thisisnoanswerandspeculationcontinuesasanxiety increases.ThecuriouswhitelightsobservedonthesurfaceoftheseaintheBermudaTrianglearea______.
{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第二篇{{/B}} ??Videorecordersandphotocopierseven ticketmachinesontherailwaysoftenseemunnecessarilydifficulttouse.Last DecemberIboughtmyselfavideocassetterecorderVCRdescribedassimpleto use.InthefirstthreeweeksIfailedrepeatedlytoprogramthemachineto recordfromtheTVandaftermonthsofpracticeIstillmademistakes.Iamnot alone.According?toasurveylastyearbyFergusontheBritish manufacturermorethanoneinfourVCRownersneverusethetimer定时器ontheir machinestorecordaprogramme:theydon’tuseitbecausethey’vefounditfar toohardtooperate.??Sowhydomanufacturerskeepondesigning andproducingVCRsthatareawkwardtouseiftheproblemsaresoobvious. Firsttheproblemwenoticearenotobvioustotechnicallyminded ?有技术思想的designerswithyearso[experienceandtrainedtounderstandhow applianceswork.Secondlydesignerstendtoaddoneortwofeaturesatatime toeachmodelwhereasyouorIfaceallamachine’featuresatonce.Thirdly althoughfindingproblemsinafinishedproductiseasyitistoolatebythen todoanythingaboutthedesign.Finallyifmanufacturerscangetawaywith sellingproductsthataredifficulttouseitisnotworththeeffortofany oneofthemtomakeimprovements.??Somemanufacturerssaythey concentrateonprovidingawiderangeoffeaturesratherthanonmakingthe machineseasytouse.ButthatgivesrisetothequestionWhycan’tyouhave featuresthatareeasytouse?Theanswerisyoucan.??Good designpracticeisamixtureofspecificproceduresandgeneralprinciples.For astartdesignersshouldbuildanoriginalmodelofthemachineandtryitout ontypicalmembersofthepublic—notoncolleaguesinthedevelopment laboratory.Simplepublictrialswouldquicklyrevealmanydesignmistakes.In anidealworldtherewouldbesomewaysofcontrollingqualitysuchasthatthe VCRmustberedesignedrepeatedlyuntilsay90percentofuserscanwork90 percentofthefeaturescorrectly90percentofthe time.OneofthereasonswhyVCRsaresodifficulttouseisthat______.
SittingintheLandRoverwithlionsallaroundthemenfeltvery{{U}}vulnerable{{/U}}.
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面的短文文章中有5处空白文章后有6组文字请根据文章的内容选择5组文字将其分别放回文章原有位置以恢复文章原貌 ??TheU.S.governmenthasbeencoveringupevidenceof extraterrestrialvisitsformorethan50yearsanarrayof20retiredAir ForceFederalAviationAdministrationandintelligenceofficerssaidrecently. TheydemandedCongressholdhearingsonwhattheysayislongstandingsecret U.S.involvementwithUFOsandextraterrestrials.??{{U}}?46 ?{{/U}}JohnCallahanaformerFAAdivisionchiefofaccidentsand investigationssaidhewasdirectedbyCIAofficerstocoverupaNov.18 1986incidentinvolvingaUFOandaJapaneseairlinernearAnchorageAlaska. MichaelSmithaformerU.S.AirForceairtrafficcontrollerstationednear KlamathFallsOre.inthe1960sandearly1970sreportedseeingaUFO hoveringat80000feetonenight.Iwastoldyoukeepittoyourselfhe said.NORADNorthAmericanAerospaceDefenseCommandcalledmeonenightto saythere’saUFOcominguptheCaliforniacoastline.Iaskedthemwhatto do.{{U}}?47?{{/U}}??DonnaHareaNASAdesign illustratorwithsecretclearancesaidUFOswereroutinelyairbrushedoutof highaltitudephotosoftheEarthbeforebeingreleasedtothepublic.? ?{{U}}?48?{{/U}}ApolloastronautsshesaidhadspottedUFOs buttheyaretoldtokeepthisquietandnottotalkaboutitshesaid.Karl WolfanAirForcesergeantwhowasassignedtotheNationalSecurityAgency saidthatmysteriousstructureswerediscoveredonthefarsideofthemoonwhen theUnitedStateswasmappingitssurfacebeforethe1969lunarlanding.{{U}} ?49?{{/U}}.??{{U}}?50?{{/U}}Despitethe government’srefusaltodiscusstheissueseveralwitnesseshavealsotoldof beingstationedatmilitarybasesornearsiloscontainingnuclearmissileswhen aUFOswungby.Afterwardmilitaryofficerswoulddiscoverthemissileshad beentemporarilydeactivated.???A.Theysaidnothingnot towriteitdown.???B.The20witnessesitissaidwerea fractionofthe400peoplewhoarewillingtotestify.???C. ThePentagondoesnotcommentonUFOsexpecttosaytheydonotexistandthat suchobjectsreallyarehighaltitudeballoonsormilitaryaircraft.? ??D.Wealwaysairbrushthemoutbeforewereleasethemtothe publiconetechniciantoldher.???E.Thesehavebeen retrievedfromapurportedcrashinJuly1947.???F.These photostoowereculledoutofthepublicrecord.
{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第二篇{{/B}} ??Videorecordersandphotocopierseven ticketmachinesontherailwaysoftenseemunnecessarilydifficulttouse.Last DecemberIboughtmyselfavideocassetterecorderVCRdescribedassimpleto use.InthefirstthreeweeksIfailedrepeatedlytoprogramthemachineto recordfromtheTVandaftermonthsofpracticeIstillmademistakes.Iamnot alone.According?toasurveylastyearbyFergusontheBritish manufacturermorethanoneinfourVCRownersneverusethetimer定时器ontheir machinestorecordaprogramme:theydon’tuseitbecausethey’vefounditfar toohardtooperate.??Sowhydomanufacturerskeepondesigning andproducingVCRsthatareawkwardtouseiftheproblemsaresoobvious. Firsttheproblemwenoticearenotobvioustotechnicallyminded ?有技术思想的designerswithyearso[experienceandtrainedtounderstandhow applianceswork.Secondlydesignerstendtoaddoneortwofeaturesatatime toeachmodelwhereasyouorIfaceallamachine’featuresatonce.Thirdly althoughfindingproblemsinafinishedproductiseasyitistoolatebythen todoanythingaboutthedesign.Finallyifmanufacturerscangetawaywith sellingproductsthataredifficulttouseitisnotworththeeffortofany oneofthemtomakeimprovements.??Somemanufacturerssaythey concentrateonprovidingawiderangeoffeaturesratherthanonmakingthe machineseasytouse.ButthatgivesrisetothequestionWhycan’tyouhave featuresthatareeasytouse?Theanswerisyoucan.??Good designpracticeisamixtureofspecificproceduresandgeneralprinciples.For astartdesignersshouldbuildanoriginalmodelofthemachineandtryitout ontypicalmembersofthepublic—notoncolleaguesinthedevelopment laboratory.Simplepublictrialswouldquicklyrevealmanydesignmistakes.In anidealworldtherewouldbesomewaysofcontrollingqualitysuchasthatthe VCRmustberedesignedrepeatedlyuntilsay90percentofuserscanwork90 percentofthefeaturescorrectly90percentofthe time.Itseemsthatmanufacturerswillremainreluctanttomakeimprovementsunless______.
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面的短文文中有15处空白每处空白给出4个选项请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案 ??Oneofthemostimportant technologicaldevelopmentsduringthe1980shasbeentheemergenceofoptical fibercommunicationasamajorinternationalindustry.Oneindicationofthe{{U}} ?51?{{/U}}ofthisdevelopmentisthetotal{{U}}?52?{{/U}}of installedfiberwhichwasestimatedtobe3.2millionkilometersintheU.S. alonebytheendof1987.Over90%ofthisfiberwasplaced.{{U}}?53 ?{{/U}}duringthetimeperiodof1982—1987.Long-haultrunk installations长途干线设施havedominated{{U}}?54?{{/U}}forabout95%of thefiberintheU.S.??Intheearly1950stheresearcherswho producedthefirstcladglassopticalfiberswerenot{{U}}?55? {{/U}}ofusingthem.forcommunications.{{U}}?56?{{/U}}fiberoptics wasalreadyawell-establishedcommercialtechnologywhenthefamouspaperby KaoandHockham{{U}}?57?{{/U}}theuseoflow-lossopticalfibersfor communicationappearedin1966.??Thefirstlow-losssilicafiber wasdescribedinapublicationwhichappearedinOctoberof1970.Thedateof thispublicationissometimes{{U}}?58?{{/U}}asthebeginningofthe eraoffibercommunication.Althoughthisdevelopmentdidreceive{{U}}?59 ?{{/U}}attentionintheresearch?communityat-thetimeitwasfar frominevitablethatamajorindustrywouldevolve.??The technologicalbarriersappeared{{U}}?60?{{/U}}becausetherewere seriousdoubtsasto{{U}}?61?{{/U}}thesefibercomponentscouldever beproducedeconomicallyenoughbutthemarketpotentialwasvery significant.{{U}}?62?{{/U}}researchanddevelopmentactivity expandedrapidlyandanumberofimportantissueswere{{U}}?63? {{/U}}duringtheearly1970s.Duringthemiddleandlate1970stherateof progresstowardsmarketableproductsacceleratedastheemphasis{{U}}?64 ?{{/U}}fromresearchtoengineering.Fiberswithlossesapproachingthe Payleighlimitof2dB/kmatawavelengthof0.8umwereproduced.? ?By1980improvementincomponentperformancecostandreliabilityled tomajorcommitments{{U}}?65?{{/U}}thepartoftelephone companies.
{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第二篇{{/B}} ??Videorecordersandphotocopierseven ticketmachinesontherailwaysoftenseemunnecessarilydifficulttouse.Last DecemberIboughtmyselfavideocassetterecorderVCRdescribedassimpleto use.InthefirstthreeweeksIfailedrepeatedlytoprogramthemachineto recordfromtheTVandaftermonthsofpracticeIstillmademistakes.Iamnot alone.According?toasurveylastyearbyFergusontheBritish manufacturermorethanoneinfourVCRownersneverusethetimer定时器ontheir machinestorecordaprogramme:theydon’tuseitbecausethey’vefounditfar toohardtooperate.??Sowhydomanufacturerskeepondesigning andproducingVCRsthatareawkwardtouseiftheproblemsaresoobvious. Firsttheproblemwenoticearenotobvioustotechnicallyminded ?有技术思想的designerswithyearso[experienceandtrainedtounderstandhow applianceswork.Secondlydesignerstendtoaddoneortwofeaturesatatime toeachmodelwhereasyouorIfaceallamachine’featuresatonce.Thirdly althoughfindingproblemsinafinishedproductiseasyitistoolatebythen todoanythingaboutthedesign.Finallyifmanufacturerscangetawaywith sellingproductsthataredifficulttouseitisnotworththeeffortofany oneofthemtomakeimprovements.??Somemanufacturerssaythey concentrateonprovidingawiderangeoffeaturesratherthanonmakingthe machineseasytouse.ButthatgivesrisetothequestionWhycan’tyouhave featuresthatareeasytouse?Theanswerisyoucan.??Good designpracticeisamixtureofspecificproceduresandgeneralprinciples.For astartdesignersshouldbuildanoriginalmodelofthemachineandtryitout ontypicalmembersofthepublic—notoncolleaguesinthedevelopment laboratory.Simplepublictrialswouldquicklyrevealmanydesignmistakes.In anidealworldtherewouldbesomewaysofcontrollingqualitysuchasthatthe VCRmustberedesignedrepeatedlyuntilsay90percentofuserscanwork90 percentofthefeaturescorrectly90percentofthe time.TheauthorhadtroubleoperatinghisVCRbecause
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为规定段每段选择1个正确的小标题2第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项分别完成每个句子 ??Humanbeingshavelittledirectcontroloverthevolumeof waterintheatmosphere.Butweproduceothergreenhousegasesthatintensify theeffect.TheIPCCestimatesthatrisingCO2emissionsmostlyfrom burningfossilfuelsaccountforabout60percentofthewarmingobservedsince 1850Carbondioxideconcentrationhasbeenincreasingbyabout0.3percenta yearanditisnowabout30percenthigherthanitwasbeforetheindustrial revolution.2.??Therelentlessaccumulationofgreenhousegases hasledtheIPCCtoprojectthatinthenexthundredyearsaverageglobal temperatureswillriseby1to3.5degreesC.Thatmaynotseemlikemuch. Yetthelittleiceageananomalouscoldsnapthatpeakedfrom1570to1730 andforcedEuropeanfarmerstoabandontheirfieldswascausedbyachangeof onlyhalfadegree.3.??Thecompeermodelsusedtoproject greenhouseeffectsfarintothefuturearestillbeingimprovedtoaccommodatea rapidlygrowingfontofknowledge.Anditisremarkablydifficulttodetecta definitivesignatureofhumanactivityintheworld’swidelyfluctuating climaterecord.Toprojectfutureclimatepatternsscientistsusecomputer simulationsoftheinteractionsamonglandairwatericeandsunlight.These generalcirculationmodelsorGCMsconsistofequationsrepresentingtheknown lawsofatmosphericphysicsandoceancirculation.Foreachsectionofthe planettheycalculatetheeffectofsuchfactorsasairtemperaturethe Earth’srotationsurfacefrictionatsealevelrainfallandotherclimatic conditions.Aperfectmodelifgivenenoughinformationaboutconditionson Earthseveralhundredyearsagocouldprovideanexactdescriptionoftoday’s climate.Onlyveryrecentlyhavemodelsbeendevelopedthatarecapableof realisticallydepictingthepresentglobalclimatewithoutalotoftinkering— adjustmentsoftencalledfudgefactors.4.??Inpartthisis becauseonlythemostpowerfulcomputersarefastenoughtohandlethejoband inpartbecausesomeaspectsofclimatechangearestillmysterious.Evenavid proponentscautionthatGCMsarenotyettrustworthyforpredictingdetailed effectsinindividualregions:?Modelsdividetheworld’ssurfaceinto gridsthataretypicallyabout200milesonasidebutoceaneddiesstormsand cloudactivitytakeplaceonfarsmallerscales.Themodelersthereforehave tocompensatewithapproximations.AccordingtoKevinTrenberthchiefclimate ?analystattheNationalCenterforAtmosphericResearchinBoulder ColoradoallGCMsprojectglobalwarmingbuttheycanprovideonlyarangeof projectedtemperaturechange.5.??Theroleofcloudsand airbornesuspendedparticlescalledaerosolsisnoeasiertofactorintomodels. CloudsshadetheEarth’ssurfacepromotingcooling.Butdependingontheir altitudedensityandotherconditionstheycanalsotrapoutgoingheat promotingwarming.Aerosolsarealsoequallytricky.Someencouragewatervapor intheairtocondenseintotinydroplets.Theresultingcloudsaredenseand shinyshadingthesurfaceforweeks.Thusironically?ourownpollution mainlyfromcombustionofsulfur-bearingcoalandoilmaytemporarily ?havesparedussomeeffectsofglobalwarming.6.??Yetthe warmingcouldbepartofthenaturalrollercoasterofaverageglobalair temperatureswhichhavevariedbyasmuchas6degreesCduringthepast 150000years.Climatefluctuatesoverthousandsofyearsowingtoperiodic changesinthesun’senergyoutputandintheEarth’sorbitandtiltbothof whichinfluencetheamountandintensityofsunlightreachingthesurface.Proof oftheseclimateshiftscomesfromvariationsinthecompositionofice extractedincoresfromthedepthsofancientglaciersinGreenlandand Antarcticaandfromdifferencesamongmarineorganismsinsedimentcorestaken fromtheseafloor.Itispossiblethataround1860whenscientistsfirstbegan keepingdependabletemperaturerecordstheplanetwasstillrecoveringfromthe littleiceage.Thepresentwarmingmightbeacontinuationofthatrebound andenhancedgreenhousewarmingmaybesuperimposedonandcamouflagedbythat trend.Paragraph6______
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面的短文文中有15处空白每处空白给出4个选项请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案 ??Oneofthemostimportant technologicaldevelopmentsduringthe1980shasbeentheemergenceofoptical fibercommunicationasamajorinternationalindustry.Oneindicationofthe{{U}} ?51?{{/U}}ofthisdevelopmentisthetotal{{U}}?52?{{/U}}of installedfiberwhichwasestimatedtobe3.2millionkilometersintheU.S. alonebytheendof1987.Over90%ofthisfiberwasplaced.{{U}}?53 ?{{/U}}duringthetimeperiodof1982—1987.Long-haultrunk installations长途干线设施havedominated{{U}}?54?{{/U}}forabout95%of thefiberintheU.S.??Intheearly1950stheresearcherswho producedthefirstcladglassopticalfiberswerenot{{U}}?55? {{/U}}ofusingthem.forcommunications.{{U}}?56?{{/U}}fiberoptics wasalreadyawell-establishedcommercialtechnologywhenthefamouspaperby KaoandHockham{{U}}?57?{{/U}}theuseoflow-lossopticalfibersfor communicationappearedin1966.??Thefirstlow-losssilicafiber wasdescribedinapublicationwhichappearedinOctoberof1970.Thedateof thispublicationissometimes{{U}}?58?{{/U}}asthebeginningofthe eraoffibercommunication.Althoughthisdevelopmentdidreceive{{U}}?59 ?{{/U}}attentionintheresearch?communityat-thetimeitwasfar frominevitablethatamajorindustrywouldevolve.??The technologicalbarriersappeared{{U}}?60?{{/U}}becausetherewere seriousdoubtsasto{{U}}?61?{{/U}}thesefibercomponentscouldever beproducedeconomicallyenoughbutthemarketpotentialwasvery significant.{{U}}?62?{{/U}}researchanddevelopmentactivity expandedrapidlyandanumberofimportantissueswere{{U}}?63? {{/U}}duringtheearly1970s.Duringthemiddleandlate1970stherateof progresstowardsmarketableproductsacceleratedastheemphasis{{U}}?64 ?{{/U}}fromresearchtoengineering.Fiberswithlossesapproachingthe Payleighlimitof2dB/kmatawavelengthof0.8umwereproduced.? ?By1980improvementincomponentperformancecostandreliabilityled tomajorcommitments{{U}}?65?{{/U}}thepartoftelephone companies.
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面的短文文中有15处空白每处空白给出4个选项请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案 ??Oneofthemostimportant technologicaldevelopmentsduringthe1980shasbeentheemergenceofoptical fibercommunicationasamajorinternationalindustry.Oneindicationofthe{{U}} ?51?{{/U}}ofthisdevelopmentisthetotal{{U}}?52?{{/U}}of installedfiberwhichwasestimatedtobe3.2millionkilometersintheU.S. alonebytheendof1987.Over90%ofthisfiberwasplaced.{{U}}?53 ?{{/U}}duringthetimeperiodof1982—1987.Long-haultrunk installations长途干线设施havedominated{{U}}?54?{{/U}}forabout95%of thefiberintheU.S.??Intheearly1950stheresearcherswho producedthefirstcladglassopticalfiberswerenot{{U}}?55? {{/U}}ofusingthem.forcommunications.{{U}}?56?{{/U}}fiberoptics wasalreadyawell-establishedcommercialtechnologywhenthefamouspaperby KaoandHockham{{U}}?57?{{/U}}theuseoflow-lossopticalfibersfor communicationappearedin1966.??Thefirstlow-losssilicafiber wasdescribedinapublicationwhichappearedinOctoberof1970.Thedateof thispublicationissometimes{{U}}?58?{{/U}}asthebeginningofthe eraoffibercommunication.Althoughthisdevelopmentdidreceive{{U}}?59 ?{{/U}}attentionintheresearch?communityat-thetimeitwasfar frominevitablethatamajorindustrywouldevolve.??The technologicalbarriersappeared{{U}}?60?{{/U}}becausetherewere seriousdoubtsasto{{U}}?61?{{/U}}thesefibercomponentscouldever beproducedeconomicallyenoughbutthemarketpotentialwasvery significant.{{U}}?62?{{/U}}researchanddevelopmentactivity expandedrapidlyandanumberofimportantissueswere{{U}}?63? {{/U}}duringtheearly1970s.Duringthemiddleandlate1970stherateof progresstowardsmarketableproductsacceleratedastheemphasis{{U}}?64 ?{{/U}}fromresearchtoengineering.Fiberswithlossesapproachingthe Payleighlimitof2dB/kmatawavelengthof0.8umwereproduced.? ?By1980improvementincomponentperformancecostandreliabilityled tomajorcommitments{{U}}?65?{{/U}}thepartoftelephone companies.
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面的短文文中有15处空白每处空白给出4个选项请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案 ??Oneofthemostimportant technologicaldevelopmentsduringthe1980shasbeentheemergenceofoptical fibercommunicationasamajorinternationalindustry.Oneindicationofthe{{U}} ?51?{{/U}}ofthisdevelopmentisthetotal{{U}}?52?{{/U}}of installedfiberwhichwasestimatedtobe3.2millionkilometersintheU.S. alonebytheendof1987.Over90%ofthisfiberwasplaced.{{U}}?53 ?{{/U}}duringthetimeperiodof1982—1987.Long-haultrunk installations长途干线设施havedominated{{U}}?54?{{/U}}forabout95%of thefiberintheU.S.??Intheearly1950stheresearcherswho producedthefirstcladglassopticalfiberswerenot{{U}}?55? {{/U}}ofusingthem.forcommunications.{{U}}?56?{{/U}}fiberoptics wasalreadyawell-establishedcommercialtechnologywhenthefamouspaperby KaoandHockham{{U}}?57?{{/U}}theuseoflow-lossopticalfibersfor communicationappearedin1966.??Thefirstlow-losssilicafiber wasdescribedinapublicationwhichappearedinOctoberof1970.Thedateof thispublicationissometimes{{U}}?58?{{/U}}asthebeginningofthe eraoffibercommunication.Althoughthisdevelopmentdidreceive{{U}}?59 ?{{/U}}attentionintheresearch?communityat-thetimeitwasfar frominevitablethatamajorindustrywouldevolve.??The technologicalbarriersappeared{{U}}?60?{{/U}}becausetherewere seriousdoubtsasto{{U}}?61?{{/U}}thesefibercomponentscouldever beproducedeconomicallyenoughbutthemarketpotentialwasvery significant.{{U}}?62?{{/U}}researchanddevelopmentactivity expandedrapidlyandanumberofimportantissueswere{{U}}?63? {{/U}}duringtheearly1970s.Duringthemiddleandlate1970stherateof progresstowardsmarketableproductsacceleratedastheemphasis{{U}}?64 ?{{/U}}fromresearchtoengineering.Fiberswithlossesapproachingthe Payleighlimitof2dB/kmatawavelengthof0.8umwereproduced.? ?By1980improvementincomponentperformancecostandreliabilityled tomajorcommitments{{U}}?65?{{/U}}thepartoftelephone companies.
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面这篇短文短文后列出7个句子请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断如果该句提供的是正确信息请选择A如果该句提供的是错误信息请选择B如果该句的信息文章中没有提及请选择C ??Evenplantscanrunafever especiallywhenthey’reunderattackbyinsectsordisease.Butunlikehumans plantscanhavetheirtemperaturetakenfrom3000feetaway—straightup.A decadeagoadaptingtheinfrared红外线scanningtechnologydevelopedfor militarypurposesandothersatellitesphysicistStephenPaleycameupwitha quickwaytotakethetemperatureofcropstodeterminewhichonesareunder stress.Thegoalwastoletfarmersprecisely?targetpesticide杀虫剂 sprayingratherthanrainpoisononawholefieldwhichinvariably ?includesplantsthatdon’thavepest害虫problems.??Even betterPaley’sRemoteScanningServicesCompanycoulddetectcropproblems beforetheybecamevisibletotheeye.Mountedonaplaneflownat3000feetat nightaninfraredscannermeasuredtheheatemittedbycrops.ThedataWere transformedintoacolor-codedmapshowingwhereplantswererunningfevers. Farmerscouldthenspot-sprayusing50to70percentlesspesticidethanthey otherwisewould.??ThebadnewsisthatPaley’scompanyclosed downin1984afteronlythreeyears.Farmersresistedthenewtechnologyand long-termbackerswerehardtofind.Butwiththerenewedconcernabout pesticidesonproduceandrefinementsininfraredscanningPaleyhopestoget backintooperation.Agricultureexpertshavenodoubtthetechnologyworks. Thistechniquecanbeusedon75percentofagriculturallandintheUnited StatessaysGeorgeOertherofTexasA&M.RayJacksonwhorecentlyretired fromtheDepartmentofAgriculturethinksremoteinfraredcropscanningcould beadoptedbytheendofthedecade.ButonlyifPaleyfindsthefinancial backingwhichhefailedtoobtain10yearsago.Paley’scompanyderivedfullsupportfromtheDepartmentofAgriculture
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{{*HTML*}}阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为规定段每段选择1个正确的小标题2第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项分别完成每个句子 ??Humanbeingshavelittledirectcontroloverthevolumeof waterintheatmosphere.Butweproduceothergreenhousegasesthatintensify theeffect.TheIPCCestimatesthatrisingCO2emissionsmostlyfrom burningfossilfuelsaccountforabout60percentofthewarmingobservedsince 1850Carbondioxideconcentrationhasbeenincreasingbyabout0.3percenta yearanditisnowabout30percenthigherthanitwasbeforetheindustrial revolution.2.??Therelentlessaccumulationofgreenhousegases hasledtheIPCCtoprojectthatinthenexthundredyearsaverageglobal temperatureswillriseby1to3.5degreesC.Thatmaynotseemlikemuch. Yetthelittleiceageananomalouscoldsnapthatpeakedfrom1570to1730 andforcedEuropeanfarmerstoabandontheirfieldswascausedbyachangeof onlyhalfadegree.3.??Thecompeermodelsusedtoproject greenhouseeffectsfarintothefuturearestillbeingimprovedtoaccommodatea rapidlygrowingfontofknowledge.Anditisremarkablydifficulttodetecta definitivesignatureofhumanactivityintheworld’swidelyfluctuating climaterecord.Toprojectfutureclimatepatternsscientistsusecomputer simulationsoftheinteractionsamonglandairwatericeandsunlight.These generalcirculationmodelsorGCMsconsistofequationsrepresentingtheknown lawsofatmosphericphysicsandoceancirculation.Foreachsectionofthe planettheycalculatetheeffectofsuchfactorsasairtemperaturethe Earth’srotationsurfacefrictionatsealevelrainfallandotherclimatic conditions.Aperfectmodelifgivenenoughinformationaboutconditionson Earthseveralhundredyearsagocouldprovideanexactdescriptionoftoday’s climate.Onlyveryrecentlyhavemodelsbeendevelopedthatarecapableof realisticallydepictingthepresentglobalclimatewithoutalotoftinkering— adjustmentsoftencalledfudgefactors.4.??Inpartthisis becauseonlythemostpowerfulcomputersarefastenoughtohandlethejoband inpartbecausesomeaspectsofclimatechangearestillmysterious.Evenavid proponentscautionthatGCMsarenotyettrustworthyforpredictingdetailed effectsinindividualregions:?Modelsdividetheworld’ssurfaceinto gridsthataretypicallyabout200milesonasidebutoceaneddiesstormsand cloudactivitytakeplaceonfarsmallerscales.Themodelersthereforehave tocompensatewithapproximations.AccordingtoKevinTrenberthchiefclimate ?analystattheNationalCenterforAtmosphericResearchinBoulder ColoradoallGCMsprojectglobalwarmingbuttheycanprovideonlyarangeof projectedtemperaturechange.5.??Theroleofcloudsand airbornesuspendedparticlescalledaerosolsisnoeasiertofactorintomodels. CloudsshadetheEarth’ssurfacepromotingcooling.Butdependingontheir altitudedensityandotherconditionstheycanalsotrapoutgoingheat promotingwarming.Aerosolsarealsoequallytricky.Someencouragewatervapor intheairtocondenseintotinydroplets.Theresultingcloudsaredenseand shinyshadingthesurfaceforweeks.Thusironically?ourownpollution mainlyfromcombustionofsulfur-bearingcoalandoilmaytemporarily ?havesparedussomeeffectsofglobalwarming.6.??Yetthe warmingcouldbepartofthenaturalrollercoasterofaverageglobalair temperatureswhichhavevariedbyasmuchas6degreesCduringthepast 150000years.Climatefluctuatesoverthousandsofyearsowingtoperiodic changesinthesun’senergyoutputandintheEarth’sorbitandtiltbothof whichinfluencetheamountandintensityofsunlightreachingthesurface.Proof oftheseclimateshiftscomesfromvariationsinthecompositionofice extractedincoresfromthedepthsofancientglaciersinGreenlandand Antarcticaandfromdifferencesamongmarineorganismsinsedimentcorestaken fromtheseafloor.Itispossiblethataround1860whenscientistsfirstbegan keepingdependabletemperaturerecordstheplanetwasstillrecoveringfromthe littleiceage.Thepresentwarmingmightbeacontinuationofthatrebound andenhancedgreenhousewarmingmaybesuperimposedonandcamouflagedbythat trend.Paragraph4______
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面这篇短文短文后列出7个句子请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断如果该句提供的是正确信息请选择A如果该句提供的是错误信息请选择B如果该句的信息文章中没有提及请选择C ??Evenplantscanrunafever especiallywhenthey’reunderattackbyinsectsordisease.Butunlikehumans plantscanhavetheirtemperaturetakenfrom3000feetaway—straightup.A decadeagoadaptingtheinfrared红外线scanningtechnologydevelopedfor militarypurposesandothersatellitesphysicistStephenPaleycameupwitha quickwaytotakethetemperatureofcropstodeterminewhichonesareunder stress.Thegoalwastoletfarmersprecisely?targetpesticide杀虫剂 sprayingratherthanrainpoisononawholefieldwhichinvariably ?includesplantsthatdon’thavepest害虫problems.??Even betterPaley’sRemoteScanningServicesCompanycoulddetectcropproblems beforetheybecamevisibletotheeye.Mountedonaplaneflownat3000feetat nightaninfraredscannermeasuredtheheatemittedbycrops.ThedataWere transformedintoacolor-codedmapshowingwhereplantswererunningfevers. Farmerscouldthenspot-sprayusing50to70percentlesspesticidethanthey otherwisewould.??ThebadnewsisthatPaley’scompanyclosed downin1984afteronlythreeyears.Farmersresistedthenewtechnologyand long-termbackerswerehardtofind.Butwiththerenewedconcernabout pesticidesonproduceandrefinementsininfraredscanningPaleyhopestoget backintooperation.Agricultureexpertshavenodoubtthetechnologyworks. Thistechniquecanbeusedon75percentofagriculturallandintheUnited StatessaysGeorgeOertherofTexasA&M.RayJacksonwhorecentlyretired fromtheDepartmentofAgriculturethinksremoteinfraredcropscanningcould beadoptedbytheendofthedecade.ButonlyifPaleyfindsthefinancial backingwhichhefailedtoobtain10yearsago.Farmerscansaveaconsiderableamountofpesticidebyconsultinginfraredscanningexperts.
{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第三篇{{/B}} ??Alexandre-GustaveBoenickhausenEiffel wasoneofthe19thcentury’smasterbuilders.Wieldingironinnewwayshe builtbridgesforthecentury’sburgeoningrailwaysinEuropeSouthAmericaand Indochina.AndaftersculptorFredericAugusteBartholdidesignedacolossal 151-footstatueofcoppersheetsin1871heturnedtoFrance’smagicianofiron foritsinternalskeleton.ThusEiffelwasinstrumentalincreatingtwoofthe best-knownmonumentstolibertyinthemodernworld—theStatueofLibertyand theEiffelTowerwhichwasbuilttomarkthecentennialoftheFrench Revolution.??DuringtheNazioccupationinWorldWarIIthe tower’spersonnelsabotagedtheelevators?todeprivetheenemyofaview ofParis.Hitlerwhorefusedtoclimbthe1710stepstothetopposedforhis picturewiththetowerinthebackground.Thecityknewliberationwasathand onAugust251944whentwoParisiansbravingbulletsricochetingthroughthe girderstoredowntheswastikaandhoistedthetricolor.??The towerillustratesEiffel’sgeniusformeticulousinnovativeengineering.After hehadsetmassivestonefoundationsbesidetheSeinefourgiantleaning pillarsencompassingfouracreswerejoined200feetupatthefirstplatform anironbeltoftrussesrunningfrompillartopillar.Thisbelthadtobe perfectlyhorizontal;ifoutoflinebyahairthestructurewouldtilt disastrouslyat1000feet.Eiffel’ssolution:hydraulicjacksembeddedineach 440-toncolumnenablinghimtofine-tuneitsangleperfectly.? ?NextEiffeldeployedcreepercranesthatclimbedthetowerasitgrew helpingtohoist15000girdersand2.5millionrivetstotheexactspotwhere needed.Astonishinglythetowerwascompletedinonlytwoyearsandtwomonths forthreepercentlessthanits$1.5-millionbudgetwithnofatalitiesamong the250workers.??ThankstoEiffel’smasteryofdesignthetower givesthewindlittletoseize.Seenfromcertainanglestheoddlybeautiful traceryofintersectingironbeamsappearsalmosttransparent.Thetowerisso lightthatpressureonthefoundationsisonlyabout60poundspersquare inch—notmuchmorethanawell-fedgentlemanexertsonthefloorwhensittingin achair.WhichofthefollowingthingsisnotbuiltbyEiffel?
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面这篇短文短文后列出7个句子请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断如果该句提供的是正确信息请选择A如果该句提供的是错误信息请选择B如果该句的信息文章中没有提及请选择C ??Evenplantscanrunafever especiallywhenthey’reunderattackbyinsectsordisease.Butunlikehumans plantscanhavetheirtemperaturetakenfrom3000feetaway—straightup.A decadeagoadaptingtheinfrared红外线scanningtechnologydevelopedfor militarypurposesandothersatellitesphysicistStephenPaleycameupwitha quickwaytotakethetemperatureofcropstodeterminewhichonesareunder stress.Thegoalwastoletfarmersprecisely?targetpesticide杀虫剂 sprayingratherthanrainpoisononawholefieldwhichinvariably ?includesplantsthatdon’thavepest害虫problems.??Even betterPaley’sRemoteScanningServicesCompanycoulddetectcropproblems beforetheybecamevisibletotheeye.Mountedonaplaneflownat3000feetat nightaninfraredscannermeasuredtheheatemittedbycrops.ThedataWere transformedintoacolor-codedmapshowingwhereplantswererunningfevers. Farmerscouldthenspot-sprayusing50to70percentlesspesticidethanthey otherwisewould.??ThebadnewsisthatPaley’scompanyclosed downin1984afteronlythreeyears.Farmersresistedthenewtechnologyand long-termbackerswerehardtofind.Butwiththerenewedconcernabout pesticidesonproduceandrefinementsininfraredscanningPaleyhopestoget backintooperation.Agricultureexpertshavenodoubtthetechnologyworks. Thistechniquecanbeusedon75percentofagriculturallandintheUnited StatessaysGeorgeOertherofTexasA&M.RayJacksonwhorecentlyretired fromtheDepartmentofAgriculturethinksremoteinfraredcropscanningcould beadoptedbytheendofthedecade.ButonlyifPaleyfindsthefinancial backingwhichhefailedtoobtain10yearsago.Plantswillemitanincreasedamountofheatwhentheyareinpoorphysicalcondition.
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面的短文文中有15处空白每处空白给出4个选项请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案 ??Oneofthemostimportant technologicaldevelopmentsduringthe1980shasbeentheemergenceofoptical fibercommunicationasamajorinternationalindustry.Oneindicationofthe{{U}} ?51?{{/U}}ofthisdevelopmentisthetotal{{U}}?52?{{/U}}of installedfiberwhichwasestimatedtobe3.2millionkilometersintheU.S. alonebytheendof1987.Over90%ofthisfiberwasplaced.{{U}}?53 ?{{/U}}duringthetimeperiodof1982—1987.Long-haultrunk installations长途干线设施havedominated{{U}}?54?{{/U}}forabout95%of thefiberintheU.S.??Intheearly1950stheresearcherswho producedthefirstcladglassopticalfiberswerenot{{U}}?55? {{/U}}ofusingthem.forcommunications.{{U}}?56?{{/U}}fiberoptics wasalreadyawell-establishedcommercialtechnologywhenthefamouspaperby KaoandHockham{{U}}?57?{{/U}}theuseoflow-lossopticalfibersfor communicationappearedin1966.??Thefirstlow-losssilicafiber wasdescribedinapublicationwhichappearedinOctoberof1970.Thedateof thispublicationissometimes{{U}}?58?{{/U}}asthebeginningofthe eraoffibercommunication.Althoughthisdevelopmentdidreceive{{U}}?59 ?{{/U}}attentionintheresearch?communityat-thetimeitwasfar frominevitablethatamajorindustrywouldevolve.??The technologicalbarriersappeared{{U}}?60?{{/U}}becausetherewere seriousdoubtsasto{{U}}?61?{{/U}}thesefibercomponentscouldever beproducedeconomicallyenoughbutthemarketpotentialwasvery significant.{{U}}?62?{{/U}}researchanddevelopmentactivity expandedrapidlyandanumberofimportantissueswere{{U}}?63? {{/U}}duringtheearly1970s.Duringthemiddleandlate1970stherateof progresstowardsmarketableproductsacceleratedastheemphasis{{U}}?64 ?{{/U}}fromresearchtoengineering.Fiberswithlossesapproachingthe Payleighlimitof2dB/kmatawavelengthof0.8umwereproduced.? ?By1980improvementincomponentperformancecostandreliabilityled tomajorcommitments{{U}}?65?{{/U}}thepartoftelephone companies.
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面的短文文中有15处空白每处空白给出4个选项请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案 ??Oneofthemostimportant technologicaldevelopmentsduringthe1980shasbeentheemergenceofoptical fibercommunicationasamajorinternationalindustry.Oneindicationofthe{{U}} ?51?{{/U}}ofthisdevelopmentisthetotal{{U}}?52?{{/U}}of installedfiberwhichwasestimatedtobe3.2millionkilometersintheU.S. alonebytheendof1987.Over90%ofthisfiberwasplaced.{{U}}?53 ?{{/U}}duringthetimeperiodof1982—1987.Long-haultrunk installations长途干线设施havedominated{{U}}?54?{{/U}}forabout95%of thefiberintheU.S.??Intheearly1950stheresearcherswho producedthefirstcladglassopticalfiberswerenot{{U}}?55? {{/U}}ofusingthem.forcommunications.{{U}}?56?{{/U}}fiberoptics wasalreadyawell-establishedcommercialtechnologywhenthefamouspaperby KaoandHockham{{U}}?57?{{/U}}theuseoflow-lossopticalfibersfor communicationappearedin1966.??Thefirstlow-losssilicafiber wasdescribedinapublicationwhichappearedinOctoberof1970.Thedateof thispublicationissometimes{{U}}?58?{{/U}}asthebeginningofthe eraoffibercommunication.Althoughthisdevelopmentdidreceive{{U}}?59 ?{{/U}}attentionintheresearch?communityat-thetimeitwasfar frominevitablethatamajorindustrywouldevolve.??The technologicalbarriersappeared{{U}}?60?{{/U}}becausetherewere seriousdoubtsasto{{U}}?61?{{/U}}thesefibercomponentscouldever beproducedeconomicallyenoughbutthemarketpotentialwasvery significant.{{U}}?62?{{/U}}researchanddevelopmentactivity expandedrapidlyandanumberofimportantissueswere{{U}}?63? {{/U}}duringtheearly1970s.Duringthemiddleandlate1970stherateof progresstowardsmarketableproductsacceleratedastheemphasis{{U}}?64 ?{{/U}}fromresearchtoengineering.Fiberswithlossesapproachingthe Payleighlimitof2dB/kmatawavelengthof0.8umwereproduced.? ?By1980improvementincomponentperformancecostandreliabilityled tomajorcommitments{{U}}?65?{{/U}}thepartoftelephone companies.
{{*HTML*}}阅读下面的短文文中有15处空白每处空白给出4个选项请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案 ??Oneofthemostimportant technologicaldevelopmentsduringthe1980shasbeentheemergenceofoptical fibercommunicationasamajorinternationalindustry.Oneindicationofthe{{U}} ?51?{{/U}}ofthisdevelopmentisthetotal{{U}}?52?{{/U}}of installedfiberwhichwasestimatedtobe3.2millionkilometersintheU.S. alonebytheendof1987.Over90%ofthisfiberwasplaced.{{U}}?53 ?{{/U}}duringthetimeperiodof1982—1987.Long-haultrunk installations长途干线设施havedominated{{U}}?54?{{/U}}forabout95%of thefiberintheU.S.??Intheearly1950stheresearcherswho producedthefirstcladglassopticalfiberswerenot{{U}}?55? {{/U}}ofusingthem.forcommunications.{{U}}?56?{{/U}}fiberoptics wasalreadyawell-establishedcommercialtechnologywhenthefamouspaperby KaoandHockham{{U}}?57?{{/U}}theuseoflow-lossopticalfibersfor communicationappearedin1966.??Thefirstlow-losssilicafiber wasdescribedinapublicationwhichappearedinOctoberof1970.Thedateof thispublicationissometimes{{U}}?58?{{/U}}asthebeginningofthe eraoffibercommunication.Althoughthisdevelopmentdidreceive{{U}}?59 ?{{/U}}attentionintheresearch?communityat-thetimeitwasfar frominevitablethatamajorindustrywouldevolve.??The technologicalbarriersappeared{{U}}?60?{{/U}}becausetherewere seriousdoubtsasto{{U}}?61?{{/U}}thesefibercomponentscouldever beproducedeconomicallyenoughbutthemarketpotentialwasvery significant.{{U}}?62?{{/U}}researchanddevelopmentactivity expandedrapidlyandanumberofimportantissueswere{{U}}?63? {{/U}}duringtheearly1970s.Duringthemiddleandlate1970stherateof progresstowardsmarketableproductsacceleratedastheemphasis{{U}}?64 ?{{/U}}fromresearchtoengineering.Fiberswithlossesapproachingthe Payleighlimitof2dB/kmatawavelengthof0.8umwereproduced.? ?By1980improvementincomponentperformancecostandreliabilityled tomajorcommitments{{U}}?65?{{/U}}thepartoftelephone companies.
Theconstant{{U}}friction{{/U}}ofthewireonthemetalpulleyeventuallycausedittobreak.
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