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Of all the components of a good night’’ s sleep, dreams seem to be least within our control. In drea...
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在执行GOO指令的XZ两轴联动程序段时刀具运动路线是一条斜线
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Text3Thenextbigworkoutcrazeisoneevenacouchpotatocouldlove.Itstartswithawarm-up:atriptothesupermarket.Thenthere’salargedinnerfollowedbysomeleisurelyhoursspentdoingcrosswordpuzzles.Finallythere’sthecool-downalongbubblebath.Keepthisupandyou’llbebuffinnotime.Mentallybuffatanyrate.Thisisaworkoutforyourbrain--anexampleof"neurobics"amovementthat’sgainingmomentumamongthoselookingtostaysharpastheyage.Somepsychologistsclaimthatbyadjustingyourroutineinsmallwaysliketakingadifferentroutetothegrocerystoreorstimulatingyoursenseswithanewfragrancedbathproductyoucanencourageneuronstobuildmoreconnectionstoeachother.ThoughscientistsknowlittleabouttheearlystagesofAlzheimer’sclinicalevidenceisstartingtoshowthatmental"exercises"likethesemaywarditoff.Neurobicsgotstartedwiththe1999bookKeepYourBrainAlivebyDukeUniversityneurobiologistLarryKatzandwriterManningRubin.Sincethenthetermhasenteredcommonusageit’sdefinedinatleastoneslangdictionaryandinspirednumerousimitators.Entrepreneursnowoffercoursesthatteachneurobicexercisesalongsidemoretraditionalseminarsonhandlingstressandexpressingemotions.CorporatetrainerslikeMindGymrunemployeesthrough90minute"workouts"designedtoincreaseproductivity.There’salsotheMyBrainTrainer.comsiteapaidservicethatprovidesaccesstogameslikethoseusedinpsychologicalexperimentstotestcognitiveability.There’snoevidencethatthesegamesareanybetterforyouthansayscrabble.ButMyBrainTrainercreatorBruceFriedmansayshegetsa"neuralbuzz"fromthem--andhe’stakeneachmorethan1600times.Stillit’sagoodbetthatasimplechangeinroutinewillbejustaseffective.Ifthatdoesn’tseemmentallywearingconsiderhowyougoaboutmostneurobicactivitiesinordinarylife.Mostlikelyyou’regoingthroughthemotions--drivingonroadsyouknowbyheartswallowingdowndinnerwithoutsavoringitstasteortexture.Changingthingswillforceyoutopayattentiontowhatyou’redoing.Eventhosewhoareskepticalaboutneurobics’potentialforpreventingAlzheimer’shavetoadmitthatisn’tabadthing. ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthebookKeepYourBrainAlive
Text4Judgingbythe$23billionitearnedlastyeartheseshouldbethebestoftimesforShelltheAnglo-DutchenergygiantthatranksthirdamongthetopfiveWesternoilcompanies.ButWallStreetisn’tcelebrating.Insteadanalystsareworriedthatburiedbeneaththerecordprofitfiguresareworryingsignsofabusinessindecline.That’sbecauseShellhasn’tbeenabletofindnearlyasmuchoilandgasasit’snowpumpingoutoftheground.Infactithasn’tevencomeclose--replacingonly60%to70%ofwhatitproducedin2005andonly19%in2004.Shellhashadreserveproblemsforyears--acontroversyoverimproperlybookedassetsforcedittoreduceestimatedreservesbyroughly30%andledtotheresiguationofitsCEOPhilWattsin2004.Butwhat’stroublingnowisthatShellisfallingwaybehindrivalslikeExxonandBPdespitespendingbillionsmoreeachyearonexploringanddrillingnewwells.LastyearExxonreplaced112%ofproduction;BPcameupwith95%."Ihaveneverseenanythinglikethis"saysFadelGheitaveteranenergyanalystwithOppenheimer&Co."Shellusedtorepresentthegoldstandardinthisindustrybutlatelytheycan’tgettheiracttogether."TobesureShellstillhashugeassets--nearly12billionbarrels.Butintheoilandgasindustryreservereplacementisthebestguidetowhetheracompanywillbeabletomaintain-orgrow-productioninthefuture.SonotreplacingwhatyoupumpsayslongtimeindustryobserverMatthewSimmons"islikeeatingyourseedcorn.Ifyou’renotfindingnewoilyou’rejustliquidatingwhatyou’vegot."IndeedShell’sdailyproductionfigureshavebeenweaklatelyfalling6.7%in2005to3.52millionbarrelsaday.PrivatelyShellexecssaythecompany’sdecisiontocutspendingforexplorationwhenoilpricesbottomedoutinthelate1990sispartlytoblamefortheanemicnumbersnow.ShellCEOJeroenvanderVeerinsiststhatprojectslikethoseonSakhalinIslandoffSiberiaandinNigeriaandtheGulfofMexicowillenablethecompanytostartcatchingupwithpeersintheyearsahead.Itwon’tbeeasy."Ifyou’renotaddingtoreservesyouhaveaproblem"saysSanfordBernsteinanalystOswaldClint."Shellwillhavetoruntwiceashardjusttostayinplace." The1990s'decisionledShellto
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmark[A][B][C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.Portabledevicesarebecominglighterandmoreappealing.Booksarebeing1intodigitalformbythethousands.Themostimportant2forwardmaybein"digitalink"thetechnologyusedfor3lettersonascreen.AsmallcompanycalledEInkhascreatedamethodfor4tinyblackandwhitecapsulesintowordsand5withanelectroniccharge.Becausenopowerisused6thereaderchangesthepagedeviceswiththetechnologycouldgo720booksbetweenbatterycharges.Thetextalsolooksjustas8asinkonaprintedpage.Sonyisthefirstmajorplayertotake9ofthetechnology.Thisyear.itwillmarkettheSonyReaderwhichusesEInkandclosely10thesizeweightand11ofabook.TheReaderwillsell12about$400.Sonyalsowillofferroughly10000book13fordownloadfromitsonlinestore14newsstones.Otherplayerstrytocatchtheopportunitytoo.Atleasttwo15companiesareintroducingdigitalreadersthisyear.AndscoresofcompaniesfromGoogletoRandomHouseInc.areplanningotherwaysto16fromdigitalbooks.Allthis17totheinfluenceofAppleComputerInc..WithitsiPodApplehas18thatmillionsofpeoplearewillingtocarryarounddigitaldeviceswiththeirfavoritecontent19musicwhynotnovelsandnonfictionAccordingtooneCEOwithalargepublishingcompanytheiPodledthewayingettingpeoplecomfortablewithasimilardeviceforbooks.Suchthingsarenotonly20butagoodidea. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.11
Historiansaredetectivessearchingouttheevidenceofthepastintheirpursuitofhistory.Thisisachallengingandfrequentlyengagingquest1itsownbutevidencemustbeturnedto2.Primarysourcesthatareuncovered3manyformsthatvary4thequestionsaskedandtheperiodstudiedbutwrittenrecordsare5historiansusemorethananyother.Thehistoriandoesnot6evidenceinthemannerofcourtsoflawwherequestionsofadmissibilityandtruthversusfalsehoodare7.Thehistorian’’suseofevidenceismuchmore8Determininghowandwithwhatend9mindanypieceofevidencecameintoexistencearethefirsttasks10thehistorianintheinternalcriticismofhistoricalsources.Itisimportanttoknowforinstancewho11aparticularcensusandwithwhatinstructionsor12acorrespondentwasaddressingafriendorfoecolleagueoropponent. Formanyyearshistoriansdividedevidenceintothetwo13ofprimaryandsecondarysources.Theformerwereconsideredasany14orartifactfromtheperiod15studythelatterasdescriptionsorreconstructionsbasedonprimarysources.Thefunctionofthehistorianitwas16wastoconvertprimarysourcesintosecondarysources.This17misleads.Whathavebeencalledsecondarysourcesamnothistoricalsourcesatallbut18thatrevealthehistorian’’spointofview.Allevidenceusedbythehistorianwasaprimarysourceatthetimeitwas19anditisalwayspartialandincomplete.Thereinliespartofthe20ofhistory. Historiansaredetectivessearchingouttheevidenceofthepastintheirpursuitofhistory.Thisisachallengingandfrequentlyengagingquest1itsownbutevidencemustbeturnedto2.Primarysourcesthatareuncovered3manyformsthatvary4thequestionsaskedandtheperiodstudiedbutwrittenrecordsare5historiansusemorethananyother.Thehistoriandoesnot6evidenceinthemannerofcourtsoflawwherequestionsofadmissibilityandtruthversusfalsehoodare7.Thehistorian’’suseofevidenceismuchmore8Determininghowandwithwhatend9mindanypieceofevidencecameintoexistencearethefirsttasks10thehistorianintheinternalcriticismofhistoricalsources.Itisimportanttoknowforinstancewho11aparticularcensusandwithwhatinstructionsor12acorrespondentwasaddressingafriendorfoecolleagueoropponent. Formanyyearshistoriansdividedevidenceintothetwo13ofprimaryandsecondarysources.Theformerwereconsideredasany14orartifactfromtheperiod15studythelatterasdescriptionsorreconstructionsbasedonprimarysources.Thefunctionofthehistorianitwas16wastoconvertprimarysourcesintosecondarysources.This17misleads.Whathavebeencalledsecondarysourcesamnothistoricalsourcesatallbut18thatrevealthehistorian’’spointofview.Allevidenceusedbythehistorianwasaprimarysourceatthetimeitwas19anditisalwayspartialandincomplete.Thereinliespartofthe20ofhistory.
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmark[A][B][C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.Portabledevicesarebecominglighterandmoreappealing.Booksarebeing1intodigitalformbythethousands.Themostimportant2forwardmaybein"digitalink"thetechnologyusedfor3lettersonascreen.AsmallcompanycalledEInkhascreatedamethodfor4tinyblackandwhitecapsulesintowordsand5withanelectroniccharge.Becausenopowerisused6thereaderchangesthepagedeviceswiththetechnologycouldgo720booksbetweenbatterycharges.Thetextalsolooksjustas8asinkonaprintedpage.Sonyisthefirstmajorplayertotake9ofthetechnology.Thisyear.itwillmarkettheSonyReaderwhichusesEInkandclosely10thesizeweightand11ofabook.TheReaderwillsell12about$400.Sonyalsowillofferroughly10000book13fordownloadfromitsonlinestore14newsstones.Otherplayerstrytocatchtheopportunitytoo.Atleasttwo15companiesareintroducingdigitalreadersthisyear.AndscoresofcompaniesfromGoogletoRandomHouseInc.areplanningotherwaysto16fromdigitalbooks.Allthis17totheinfluenceofAppleComputerInc..WithitsiPodApplehas18thatmillionsofpeoplearewillingtocarryarounddigitaldeviceswiththeirfavoritecontent19musicwhynotnovelsandnonfictionAccordingtooneCEOwithalargepublishingcompanytheiPodledthewayingettingpeoplecomfortablewithasimilardeviceforbooks.Suchthingsarenotonly20butagoodidea. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.9
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmark[A][B][C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.Portabledevicesarebecominglighterandmoreappealing.Booksarebeing1intodigitalformbythethousands.Themostimportant2forwardmaybein"digitalink"thetechnologyusedfor3lettersonascreen.AsmallcompanycalledEInkhascreatedamethodfor4tinyblackandwhitecapsulesintowordsand5withanelectroniccharge.Becausenopowerisused6thereaderchangesthepagedeviceswiththetechnologycouldgo720booksbetweenbatterycharges.Thetextalsolooksjustas8asinkonaprintedpage.Sonyisthefirstmajorplayertotake9ofthetechnology.Thisyear.itwillmarkettheSonyReaderwhichusesEInkandclosely10thesizeweightand11ofabook.TheReaderwillsell12about$400.Sonyalsowillofferroughly10000book13fordownloadfromitsonlinestore14newsstones.Otherplayerstrytocatchtheopportunitytoo.Atleasttwo15companiesareintroducingdigitalreadersthisyear.AndscoresofcompaniesfromGoogletoRandomHouseInc.areplanningotherwaysto16fromdigitalbooks.Allthis17totheinfluenceofAppleComputerInc..WithitsiPodApplehas18thatmillionsofpeoplearewillingtocarryarounddigitaldeviceswiththeirfavoritecontent19musicwhynotnovelsandnonfictionAccordingtooneCEOwithalargepublishingcompanytheiPodledthewayingettingpeoplecomfortablewithasimilardeviceforbooks.Suchthingsarenotonly20butagoodidea. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.17
Historiansaredetectivessearchingouttheevidenceofthepastintheirpursuitofhistory.Thisisachallengingandfrequentlyengagingquest1itsownbutevidencemustbeturnedto2.Primarysourcesthatareuncovered3manyformsthatvary4thequestionsaskedandtheperiodstudiedbutwrittenrecordsare5historiansusemorethananyother.Thehistoriandoesnot6evidenceinthemannerofcourtsoflawwherequestionsofadmissibilityandtruthversusfalsehoodare7.Thehistorian’’suseofevidenceismuchmore8Determininghowandwithwhatend9mindanypieceofevidencecameintoexistencearethefirsttasks10thehistorianintheinternalcriticismofhistoricalsources.Itisimportanttoknowforinstancewho11aparticularcensusandwithwhatinstructionsor12acorrespondentwasaddressingafriendorfoecolleagueoropponent. Formanyyearshistoriansdividedevidenceintothetwo13ofprimaryandsecondarysources.Theformerwereconsideredasany14orartifactfromtheperiod15studythelatterasdescriptionsorreconstructionsbasedonprimarysources.Thefunctionofthehistorianitwas16wastoconvertprimarysourcesintosecondarysources.This17misleads.Whathavebeencalledsecondarysourcesamnothistoricalsourcesatallbut18thatrevealthehistorian’’spointofview.Allevidenceusedbythehistorianwasaprimarysourceatthetimeitwas19anditisalwayspartialandincomplete.Thereinliespartofthe20ofhistory.
SectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A][B][C]or[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.Text1Extrapolatingfromtheadage"twoheadsarebetterthanone"agroupofeconomistsattheUniversityofIowahaslearnedhowtoturntheinstinctsofindividualsintousefulpredictionsofthefuture.SofartheresearchershavetestedtheirmethodbypredictingtheoutcomeofsucheventsastheAmericanpresidentialelectionandthenumberofbookssoldonthefirstdayofaHarryPotterrelease.Nowtheyhaveturnedtheirsightstoinfluenza.Theinfluenzainquestionisnotthepandemicbird-flu-relatedsortthatiscurrentlyacauseforconcernbutthequotidianbugthatlayspeoplelowparticularlyinwinter.Eventhisdiseaseisnottrivialitkillsforinstanceabout36000peopleinAmericaandpossiblyasmanyas12000peopleinBritaineveryyear.Ifoutbreakscouldbepredictedpatientsatparticularriskcouldbevaccinatedandmedicalpersonnelredeployedinanticipation.$oPhilipPolgreenandhiscolleagueswonderediftheycouldsucceedwheremedicalsciencehadfailedandgiveadequatewarningofinfluenzaoutbreaks.America’sCentresforDiseaseControlCDCtrackinfluenzacasesinthecountryastheyhappen.Aweeklatertheyreleasethedatainpartbyusingacolour-codedmap.Thecoloursreflectthelevelofinfluenzaactivityineachstateonafive-pointscalewithyellowrepresenting"noactivity"andredrepresenting"widespreadactivity".IntheirstudyDrPolgreenandhiscolleaguesgave60doctorsandnursesbasedinIowa100"fludollars"each.TheparticipantsusedthesetobuyandsellsharescodedaccordingtotheCDC’scoloursforaparticularweekinthefuturebasedonhowmanycasestheythoughtwouldoccurinthestateduringthatweek.Forexampleifaphysiciansawthreeyoungchildrenwithflusymptomsinhisofficehemightsellanyyellowshareshehadforthefollowingweekandbuyredones.Converselyifnoonehesawseemedtohavetroublewithinfluenzahemightbuymoreyelloworgreensporadicactivitysharesforeachofthenextfewweeks.OverthecourseofthefluseasonfromOctober2004toApril200552participantsloggedintothemarketastraders.Theywereabletobuyandselluptosevenweeksinadvance.Attheendoftheexperimenteachfludollarwasconvertedintoarealoneandgiventotheparticipantsintheformofaneducationalgrant. IfsucceedPhilipPolgreenandhiscolleaguesmight
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmark[A][B][C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.Portabledevicesarebecominglighterandmoreappealing.Booksarebeing1intodigitalformbythethousands.Themostimportant2forwardmaybein"digitalink"thetechnologyusedfor3lettersonascreen.AsmallcompanycalledEInkhascreatedamethodfor4tinyblackandwhitecapsulesintowordsand5withanelectroniccharge.Becausenopowerisused6thereaderchangesthepagedeviceswiththetechnologycouldgo720booksbetweenbatterycharges.Thetextalsolooksjustas8asinkonaprintedpage.Sonyisthefirstmajorplayertotake9ofthetechnology.Thisyear.itwillmarkettheSonyReaderwhichusesEInkandclosely10thesizeweightand11ofabook.TheReaderwillsell12about$400.Sonyalsowillofferroughly10000book13fordownloadfromitsonlinestore14newsstones.Otherplayerstrytocatchtheopportunitytoo.Atleasttwo15companiesareintroducingdigitalreadersthisyear.AndscoresofcompaniesfromGoogletoRandomHouseInc.areplanningotherwaysto16fromdigitalbooks.Allthis17totheinfluenceofAppleComputerInc..WithitsiPodApplehas18thatmillionsofpeoplearewillingtocarryarounddigitaldeviceswiththeirfavoritecontent19musicwhynotnovelsandnonfictionAccordingtooneCEOwithalargepublishingcompanytheiPodledthewayingettingpeoplecomfortablewithasimilardeviceforbooks.Suchthingsarenotonly20butagoodidea. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.3
Historiansaredetectivessearchingouttheevidenceofthepastintheirpursuitofhistory.Thisisachallengingandfrequentlyengagingquest1itsownbutevidencemustbeturnedto2.Primarysourcesthatareuncovered3manyformsthatvary4thequestionsaskedandtheperiodstudiedbutwrittenrecordsare5historiansusemorethananyother.Thehistoriandoesnot6evidenceinthemannerofcourtsoflawwherequestionsofadmissibilityandtruthversusfalsehoodare7.Thehistorian’’suseofevidenceismuchmore8Determininghowandwithwhatend9mindanypieceofevidencecameintoexistencearethefirsttasks10thehistorianintheinternalcriticismofhistoricalsources.Itisimportanttoknowforinstancewho11aparticularcensusandwithwhatinstructionsor12acorrespondentwasaddressingafriendorfoecolleagueoropponent. Formanyyearshistoriansdividedevidenceintothetwo13ofprimaryandsecondarysources.Theformerwereconsideredasany14orartifactfromtheperiod15studythelatterasdescriptionsorreconstructionsbasedonprimarysources.Thefunctionofthehistorianitwas16wastoconvertprimarysourcesintosecondarysources.This17misleads.Whathavebeencalledsecondarysourcesamnothistoricalsourcesatallbut18thatrevealthehistorian’’spointofview.Allevidenceusedbythehistorianwasaprimarysourceatthetimeitwas19anditisalwayspartialandincomplete.Thereinliespartofthe20ofhistory.
PartBDirections:YouaregoingtoreadalistofheadingsandatextaboutGoogle.Choosethemostsuitableheadingfromthelist[A]-[F]foreachnumberedparagraph41-45.Thefirstandlastparagraphsofthetextarenotnumbered.Thereisoneextraheadingwhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1. [A]Stickingtolong-termplanning. [B]Striveformoreprofit [C]Decentralizedmanagement. [D]Maintaininganemployee-centricculture. [E]OfficialDo-Gooding. [F]Apubliccompanyownedbythepublic. WallStreetpredictorsnowestimatethatwhenGooglestocksareissuedsomeweeksfromnowthecompanywillbevaluedatasmuchas$30billionmakingBrinandPagewhoeachownabout15percentworthmorethan$4billioneach.ButpersonalwealthisclearlynottheobsessionofthecofounderswhoshareaclutteredofficeinthecampusdubbedtheGoogleplex.Asevidencedbytheir"ownersmanual"theyhavebeenstrugglingwithadeepquestion:howcantheypreservetheircompanyapproachcultureandvisionifitistobepubliclytradedandbeholdentoshareholders7Andtheyhavecomeupwithsomeanswers.41.____________________Googleisobsessedwithdemocracy.ThebasisofallitswealthspringsfromtheGooglesearchalgorithmswhichsearchthroughandindextheWebinsuchawayastocapturethecollectiveintelligenceofitsusers.It’skindofademocraticprocessandapparentlythisideacarriesovertowhoshouldownshares.Googleisrepellingtobeassociatedwiththego-goandultimatelygone-gonesuperheroesofthedot-comeraandtodiscouragespeculationPageandBrinoutline"afairprocessforourIPOthatisinclusiveofbothsmallandlargeinvestors."Theyproposeanauctionthatwillbypassthedaytradersandfatcatsandhopefullyreachtheiridealinvestor---awisesoulwillingtohanginforthelonghaul.WhenitcomestocontrolthoughGoogle’sleadersbelievethatitshouldrestwiththem.Thecompanywillhavetwoclassesofstockoneofwhichhasgreatervotingrightsownedbythem.42.____________________Soundingdangerouslylikeafortunecookiethecofounderswrite"Amanagementteamdistractedbyaseriesofshort-termtargetsisaspointlessasadietersteppingonascaleeveryhalfhour."Googlewon’tfallforthattheyinsist.TherewillbenoattempttomassagequarterlyresultstopleaseWallStreet.Andifyouaskthemhowthingswillgointhenextcoupleofmonths"wewillrespectfullydecline"toofferguidance.43.____________________BrinandPageknewthatdoubterspredictedthatgoingpublicwouldbetheendofGoogle’semployeeamenitieslikefreelunchescookedbyJerryGarcia’sformerchefandmassagesoncall.But"whenyoulookatthefinancialsthatcostsnothing"saidBrinrecently."It’slessthanaroundingerror."HeandPagearetellingshareholdersto"expectustoaddbenefitsratherthanreducethemovertime."44.____________________BrinPageandCEOEricSchmidtrunthecompanyasamessytriumvirate.Howevertheydoincludespatsbetweenthemasapossibleriskfactor.Andthechainofcommandwillbefurthercomplicatedbytheirrequirementthattheboardchairmanshouldnotbeaninsider.45.____________________IncasetherewasanydoubtaboutGoogle’sprioritiesPageandBrinputitinblackandwhite:"WeaspiretomakeGoogleaninstitutionthatmakestheworldabetterplace."Thecompanymottois"Don’tbeevil"andshareholdersshouldbeawarethatthiscouldimpactstockprice.Googleisputting1percentofitswealthinafoundationthatsomeday"mayeclipseGiggleitselfintermsofoverallworldimpact."Allfascinatingbutnotreallyananswertothatbigquestion:shouldyougetinonthis.’ThatwilldependonhowGooglecanmaintainitsamazingmomentuminthefaceofsomeverytoughcompetitivechallenges. 41
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmark[A][B][C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.Portabledevicesarebecominglighterandmoreappealing.Booksarebeing1intodigitalformbythethousands.Themostimportant2forwardmaybein"digitalink"thetechnologyusedfor3lettersonascreen.AsmallcompanycalledEInkhascreatedamethodfor4tinyblackandwhitecapsulesintowordsand5withanelectroniccharge.Becausenopowerisused6thereaderchangesthepagedeviceswiththetechnologycouldgo720booksbetweenbatterycharges.Thetextalsolooksjustas8asinkonaprintedpage.Sonyisthefirstmajorplayertotake9ofthetechnology.Thisyear.itwillmarkettheSonyReaderwhichusesEInkandclosely10thesizeweightand11ofabook.TheReaderwillsell12about$400.Sonyalsowillofferroughly10000book13fordownloadfromitsonlinestore14newsstones.Otherplayerstrytocatchtheopportunitytoo.Atleasttwo15companiesareintroducingdigitalreadersthisyear.AndscoresofcompaniesfromGoogletoRandomHouseInc.areplanningotherwaysto16fromdigitalbooks.Allthis17totheinfluenceofAppleComputerInc..WithitsiPodApplehas18thatmillionsofpeoplearewillingtocarryarounddigitaldeviceswiththeirfavoritecontent19musicwhynotnovelsandnonfictionAccordingtooneCEOwithalargepublishingcompanytheiPodledthewayingettingpeoplecomfortablewithasimilardeviceforbooks.Suchthingsarenotonly20butagoodidea. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.19
PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.Thewinnertakesallitiswidelysupposedincomputingcircles.Indeedgeekshavecoinedaword"Googlearchy"forthewayinwhichsearchenginesencouragewebtraffictowardsthemostpopularsites.46Thebeliefthatsearchenginesmakepopularwebsitesevermorepopularattheexpenseofotherpagesisnowbeingchallengedbyresearch.47TheapparentlymagicalabilityofsearchenginessuchasGoogletoreturnrelevantwebsitesevenwhengiventhesketchiestofcluesbythepersonenteringaqueryreliesontheuseofmathematicalrecipesoralgorithms.Googleworksbyanalysingthestructureofthewebitself.Eachofitsbillionsofpagescanlinktootherpagesandcanalsointurnbelinkedtobyothers.Furthermoreifthepagesthatlinktothispageamalsoimportantthenthatpageisevenmorelikelytobeimportant.48ThealgorithmhasbeenmadeincreasinglycomplexovertheyearstodeterthosewhowouldmanipulatetheirpagestoappearhigherintherankingsbutitremainsattheheartofGoogle’ssuccess.Googleisnotaloneinthis.Manysearchenginestakeaccountofthenumberoflinkstoawebsitewhentheyreturntheresultsofasearch.49Becauseofthisthereisawidespreadbeliefamongcomputersocialandpoliticalscientiststhatsearchenginescreateaviciouscirclethatamplifiesthedominanceofestablishedandalreadypopularwebsites.Pagesreturnedbysearchenginesaremorelikelytobediscoveredandconsequentlylinkedtobyothers.NotsoaccordingtoacontroversialnewpaperthathasrecentlyappearedonarXivanonlinecollectionofphysicsandrelatedpapers.InitSantoFortunatoandhiscolleaguesatIndianaUniversityinAmericaandBielefeldUniversityinGermanyclaimthatsearchenginesactuallyhaveanegalitarianeffectthatincreasestraffictolesspopularsites.Theresearchersdevelopedamodelthatdescribedtwoextremecases.Inthefirstpeoplebrowsedthewebonlybysurfingrandomlinks.Inthesecondpeopleonlyvisitedpagesthatwerereturnedbysearchengines.Theresearchersthenturnedtotherealworld.Theyplottedthetraffictoawebsite--measuredasthefractionofallpageviewsmadeinathree-monthperiod--againstthenumberofincominglinksmadetothatwebsite.50Totheirsurprisetheyfoundthattherelationshipbetweenthetwodidnotliebetweentheextremessuggestedbytheirmodelbutsomewherecompletelydifferent.Itappearstoshowthatthesupposedbiasinfavourofpopularpagesisactuallymitigatedbythecombinationofsearchenginesandpeoplefollowingrandomlinks. TheapparentlymagicalabilityofsearchenginessuchasGoogletoreturnrelevantwebsitesevenwhengiventhesketchiestofcluesbythepersonenteringaqueryreliesontheuseofmathematicalrecipesoralgorithms.
Text3Thenextbigworkoutcrazeisoneevenacouchpotatocouldlove.Itstartswithawarm-up:atriptothesupermarket.Thenthere’salargedinnerfollowedbysomeleisurelyhoursspentdoingcrosswordpuzzles.Finallythere’sthecool-downalongbubblebath.Keepthisupandyou’llbebuffinnotime.Mentallybuffatanyrate.Thisisaworkoutforyourbrain--anexampleof"neurobics"amovementthat’sgainingmomentumamongthoselookingtostaysharpastheyage.Somepsychologistsclaimthatbyadjustingyourroutineinsmallwaysliketakingadifferentroutetothegrocerystoreorstimulatingyoursenseswithanewfragrancedbathproductyoucanencourageneuronstobuildmoreconnectionstoeachother.ThoughscientistsknowlittleabouttheearlystagesofAlzheimer’sclinicalevidenceisstartingtoshowthatmental"exercises"likethesemaywarditoff.Neurobicsgotstartedwiththe1999bookKeepYourBrainAlivebyDukeUniversityneurobiologistLarryKatzandwriterManningRubin.Sincethenthetermhasenteredcommonusageit’sdefinedinatleastoneslangdictionaryandinspirednumerousimitators.Entrepreneursnowoffercoursesthatteachneurobicexercisesalongsidemoretraditionalseminarsonhandlingstressandexpressingemotions.CorporatetrainerslikeMindGymrunemployeesthrough90minute"workouts"designedtoincreaseproductivity.There’salsotheMyBrainTrainer.comsiteapaidservicethatprovidesaccesstogameslikethoseusedinpsychologicalexperimentstotestcognitiveability.There’snoevidencethatthesegamesareanybetterforyouthansayscrabble.ButMyBrainTrainercreatorBruceFriedmansayshegetsa"neuralbuzz"fromthem--andhe’stakeneachmorethan1600times.Stillit’sagoodbetthatasimplechangeinroutinewillbejustaseffective.Ifthatdoesn’tseemmentallywearingconsiderhowyougoaboutmostneurobicactivitiesinordinarylife.Mostlikelyyou’regoingthroughthemotions--drivingonroadsyouknowbyheartswallowingdowndinnerwithoutsavoringitstasteortexture.Changingthingswillforceyoutopayattentiontowhatyou’redoing.Eventhosewhoareskepticalaboutneurobics’potentialforpreventingAlzheimer’shavetoadmitthatisn’tabadthing. Fromthetextwecanconcludethattheauthor
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmark[A][B][C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.Portabledevicesarebecominglighterandmoreappealing.Booksarebeing1intodigitalformbythethousands.Themostimportant2forwardmaybein"digitalink"thetechnologyusedfor3lettersonascreen.AsmallcompanycalledEInkhascreatedamethodfor4tinyblackandwhitecapsulesintowordsand5withanelectroniccharge.Becausenopowerisused6thereaderchangesthepagedeviceswiththetechnologycouldgo720booksbetweenbatterycharges.Thetextalsolooksjustas8asinkonaprintedpage.Sonyisthefirstmajorplayertotake9ofthetechnology.Thisyear.itwillmarkettheSonyReaderwhichusesEInkandclosely10thesizeweightand11ofabook.TheReaderwillsell12about$400.Sonyalsowillofferroughly10000book13fordownloadfromitsonlinestore14newsstones.Otherplayerstrytocatchtheopportunitytoo.Atleasttwo15companiesareintroducingdigitalreadersthisyear.AndscoresofcompaniesfromGoogletoRandomHouseInc.areplanningotherwaysto16fromdigitalbooks.Allthis17totheinfluenceofAppleComputerInc..WithitsiPodApplehas18thatmillionsofpeoplearewillingtocarryarounddigitaldeviceswiththeirfavoritecontent19musicwhynotnovelsandnonfictionAccordingtooneCEOwithalargepublishingcompanytheiPodledthewayingettingpeoplecomfortablewithasimilardeviceforbooks.Suchthingsarenotonly20butagoodidea. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.13
Directions: YourfriendpostedyousomestudymaterialswhichyouareingreatneedofWritealetterwithnolessthan100wordstoexpressyourthanksandtellhimthefortunateresults.WriteitneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.Donotsign’ourownnameattheendoftheletter;use"LiMing"instead.Youdonotneedtowritetheaddress.
SectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A][B][C]or[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.Text1Extrapolatingfromtheadage"twoheadsarebetterthanone"agroupofeconomistsattheUniversityofIowahaslearnedhowtoturntheinstinctsofindividualsintousefulpredictionsofthefuture.SofartheresearchershavetestedtheirmethodbypredictingtheoutcomeofsucheventsastheAmericanpresidentialelectionandthenumberofbookssoldonthefirstdayofaHarryPotterrelease.Nowtheyhaveturnedtheirsightstoinfluenza.Theinfluenzainquestionisnotthepandemicbird-flu-relatedsortthatiscurrentlyacauseforconcernbutthequotidianbugthatlayspeoplelowparticularlyinwinter.Eventhisdiseaseisnottrivialitkillsforinstanceabout36000peopleinAmericaandpossiblyasmanyas12000peopleinBritaineveryyear.Ifoutbreakscouldbepredictedpatientsatparticularriskcouldbevaccinatedandmedicalpersonnelredeployedinanticipation.$oPhilipPolgreenandhiscolleagueswonderediftheycouldsucceedwheremedicalsciencehadfailedandgiveadequatewarningofinfluenzaoutbreaks.America’sCentresforDiseaseControlCDCtrackinfluenzacasesinthecountryastheyhappen.Aweeklatertheyreleasethedatainpartbyusingacolour-codedmap.Thecoloursreflectthelevelofinfluenzaactivityineachstateonafive-pointscalewithyellowrepresenting"noactivity"andredrepresenting"widespreadactivity".IntheirstudyDrPolgreenandhiscolleaguesgave60doctorsandnursesbasedinIowa100"fludollars"each.TheparticipantsusedthesetobuyandsellsharescodedaccordingtotheCDC’scoloursforaparticularweekinthefuturebasedonhowmanycasestheythoughtwouldoccurinthestateduringthatweek.Forexampleifaphysiciansawthreeyoungchildrenwithflusymptomsinhisofficehemightsellanyyellowshareshehadforthefollowingweekandbuyredones.Converselyifnoonehesawseemedtohavetroublewithinfluenzahemightbuymoreyelloworgreensporadicactivitysharesforeachofthenextfewweeks.OverthecourseofthefluseasonfromOctober2004toApril200552participantsloggedintothemarketastraders.Theywereabletobuyandselluptosevenweeksinadvance.Attheendoftheexperimenteachfludollarwasconvertedintoarealoneandgiventotheparticipantsintheformofaneducationalgrant. Whatcanbeinferredfromthefourthparagraph
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmark[A][B][C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.Portabledevicesarebecominglighterandmoreappealing.Booksarebeing1intodigitalformbythethousands.Themostimportant2forwardmaybein"digitalink"thetechnologyusedfor3lettersonascreen.AsmallcompanycalledEInkhascreatedamethodfor4tinyblackandwhitecapsulesintowordsand5withanelectroniccharge.Becausenopowerisused6thereaderchangesthepagedeviceswiththetechnologycouldgo720booksbetweenbatterycharges.Thetextalsolooksjustas8asinkonaprintedpage.Sonyisthefirstmajorplayertotake9ofthetechnology.Thisyear.itwillmarkettheSonyReaderwhichusesEInkandclosely10thesizeweightand11ofabook.TheReaderwillsell12about$400.Sonyalsowillofferroughly10000book13fordownloadfromitsonlinestore14newsstones.Otherplayerstrytocatchtheopportunitytoo.Atleasttwo15companiesareintroducingdigitalreadersthisyear.AndscoresofcompaniesfromGoogletoRandomHouseInc.areplanningotherwaysto16fromdigitalbooks.Allthis17totheinfluenceofAppleComputerInc..WithitsiPodApplehas18thatmillionsofpeoplearewillingtocarryarounddigitaldeviceswiththeirfavoritecontent19musicwhynotnovelsandnonfictionAccordingtooneCEOwithalargepublishingcompanytheiPodledthewayingettingpeoplecomfortablewithasimilardeviceforbooks.Suchthingsarenotonly20butagoodidea. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.5
Text4Judgingbythe$23billionitearnedlastyeartheseshouldbethebestoftimesforShelltheAnglo-DutchenergygiantthatranksthirdamongthetopfiveWesternoilcompanies.ButWallStreetisn’tcelebrating.Insteadanalystsareworriedthatburiedbeneaththerecordprofitfiguresareworryingsignsofabusinessindecline.That’sbecauseShellhasn’tbeenabletofindnearlyasmuchoilandgasasit’snowpumpingoutoftheground.Infactithasn’tevencomeclose--replacingonly60%to70%ofwhatitproducedin2005andonly19%in2004.Shellhashadreserveproblemsforyears--acontroversyoverimproperlybookedassetsforcedittoreduceestimatedreservesbyroughly30%andledtotheresiguationofitsCEOPhilWattsin2004.Butwhat’stroublingnowisthatShellisfallingwaybehindrivalslikeExxonandBPdespitespendingbillionsmoreeachyearonexploringanddrillingnewwells.LastyearExxonreplaced112%ofproduction;BPcameupwith95%."Ihaveneverseenanythinglikethis"saysFadelGheitaveteranenergyanalystwithOppenheimer&Co."Shellusedtorepresentthegoldstandardinthisindustrybutlatelytheycan’tgettheiracttogether."TobesureShellstillhashugeassets--nearly12billionbarrels.Butintheoilandgasindustryreservereplacementisthebestguidetowhetheracompanywillbeabletomaintain-orgrow-productioninthefuture.SonotreplacingwhatyoupumpsayslongtimeindustryobserverMatthewSimmons"islikeeatingyourseedcorn.Ifyou’renotfindingnewoilyou’rejustliquidatingwhatyou’vegot."IndeedShell’sdailyproductionfigureshavebeenweaklatelyfalling6.7%in2005to3.52millionbarrelsaday.PrivatelyShellexecssaythecompany’sdecisiontocutspendingforexplorationwhenoilpricesbottomedoutinthelate1990sispartlytoblamefortheanemicnumbersnow.ShellCEOJeroenvanderVeerinsiststhatprojectslikethoseonSakhalinIslandoffSiberiaandinNigeriaandtheGulfofMexicowillenablethecompanytostartcatchingupwithpeersintheyearsahead.Itwon’tbeeasy."Ifyou’renotaddingtoreservesyouhaveaproblem"saysSanfordBernsteinanalystOswaldClint."Shellwillhavetoruntwiceashardjusttostayinplace." AccordingtoOswaldClintShell'schanceofcatchingupis
PartBDirections:YouaregoingtoreadalistofheadingsandatextaboutGoogle.Choosethemostsuitableheadingfromthelist[A]-[F]foreachnumberedparagraph41-45.Thefirstandlastparagraphsofthetextarenotnumbered.Thereisoneextraheadingwhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1. [A]Stickingtolong-termplanning. [B]Striveformoreprofit [C]Decentralizedmanagement. [D]Maintaininganemployee-centricculture. [E]OfficialDo-Gooding. [F]Apubliccompanyownedbythepublic. WallStreetpredictorsnowestimatethatwhenGooglestocksareissuedsomeweeksfromnowthecompanywillbevaluedatasmuchas$30billionmakingBrinandPagewhoeachownabout15percentworthmorethan$4billioneach.ButpersonalwealthisclearlynottheobsessionofthecofounderswhoshareaclutteredofficeinthecampusdubbedtheGoogleplex.Asevidencedbytheir"ownersmanual"theyhavebeenstrugglingwithadeepquestion:howcantheypreservetheircompanyapproachcultureandvisionifitistobepubliclytradedandbeholdentoshareholders7Andtheyhavecomeupwithsomeanswers.41.____________________Googleisobsessedwithdemocracy.ThebasisofallitswealthspringsfromtheGooglesearchalgorithmswhichsearchthroughandindextheWebinsuchawayastocapturethecollectiveintelligenceofitsusers.It’skindofademocraticprocessandapparentlythisideacarriesovertowhoshouldownshares.Googleisrepellingtobeassociatedwiththego-goandultimatelygone-gonesuperheroesofthedot-comeraandtodiscouragespeculationPageandBrinoutline"afairprocessforourIPOthatisinclusiveofbothsmallandlargeinvestors."Theyproposeanauctionthatwillbypassthedaytradersandfatcatsandhopefullyreachtheiridealinvestor---awisesoulwillingtohanginforthelonghaul.WhenitcomestocontrolthoughGoogle’sleadersbelievethatitshouldrestwiththem.Thecompanywillhavetwoclassesofstockoneofwhichhasgreatervotingrightsownedbythem.42.____________________Soundingdangerouslylikeafortunecookiethecofounderswrite"Amanagementteamdistractedbyaseriesofshort-termtargetsisaspointlessasadietersteppingonascaleeveryhalfhour."Googlewon’tfallforthattheyinsist.TherewillbenoattempttomassagequarterlyresultstopleaseWallStreet.Andifyouaskthemhowthingswillgointhenextcoupleofmonths"wewillrespectfullydecline"toofferguidance.43.____________________BrinandPageknewthatdoubterspredictedthatgoingpublicwouldbetheendofGoogle’semployeeamenitieslikefreelunchescookedbyJerryGarcia’sformerchefandmassagesoncall.But"whenyoulookatthefinancialsthatcostsnothing"saidBrinrecently."It’slessthanaroundingerror."HeandPagearetellingshareholdersto"expectustoaddbenefitsratherthanreducethemovertime."44.____________________BrinPageandCEOEricSchmidtrunthecompanyasamessytriumvirate.Howevertheydoincludespatsbetweenthemasapossibleriskfactor.Andthechainofcommandwillbefurthercomplicatedbytheirrequirementthattheboardchairmanshouldnotbeaninsider.45.____________________IncasetherewasanydoubtaboutGoogle’sprioritiesPageandBrinputitinblackandwhite:"WeaspiretomakeGoogleaninstitutionthatmakestheworldabetterplace."Thecompanymottois"Don’tbeevil"andshareholdersshouldbeawarethatthiscouldimpactstockprice.Googleisputting1percentofitswealthinafoundationthatsomeday"mayeclipseGiggleitselfintermsofoverallworldimpact."Allfascinatingbutnotreallyananswertothatbigquestion:shouldyougetinonthis.’ThatwilldependonhowGooglecanmaintainitsamazingmomentuminthefaceofsomeverytoughcompetitivechallenges. 45
Text2Bigmacs.Nacho-CheeseChalupas.Subwaysubs.RobBoruckiadoresthemall.The37-yearoldindulgesinfast-foodfareatleastfivetimesaweek.AreallygooddayforBoruckiWhenWienerschnitzelaWestCoasthot-dogchainhegrewupwithrecentlyopenedjustafewblocksfromhisTempeArizonaofficeandhegottoenjoywithhisfellowsausageenthusiasts."Iwassoexcited"saystheInternetprojectmanagerwhorunsafast-foodfanWebsite."Andsowaseveryonethere."Infast-foodtermsBoruckiiscalleda"heavyuser"eventhoughheisquiteslender.Looselydefinedasthe20percentoffast-foodeaterswhoaccountfor60percentofallfast-foodsalesatypicalheavyuserismaleinhis20sor30sandextremelyloyaltotheburgersandfriesheloveslatelyheaviesarefeelingundersiegeasfast-foodchainshavecomeunderattack.ObesedinersaresuingcompanieslikeMcDonald’sforallegedlycontributingtotheirweightproblemsAndtheendlessfloodofstudiesdetailingthehorrorsofobesityprovideplentyofammoforthechattertypeswhowantheavyuserstochangetheirways.HeavyuserslikeBoruckiinsisttheydon’tneedsavingprotestingthattheyarefarfromtheuselessfattiesanti-fast-foodactivistsmakethemouttobe.ForhispartBoruckiisamoderateexerciser.Andhe’lloccasionallysubstituteasidesaladforhisregularfries.Indeedinarecentstudyofrestaurant-goersbytheresearchfirmTechnomic90percentsaidtheyhadconcernsaboutobesityand50percentsaidthey’dchangedtheireatinghabitsinthepastyearasaresult.Fast-foodcompanieshavenoticed.YoucangiveyourwaistlineabreaktodaywithaMcDonald’sfruit-and-walnutsaladorskiptheflame-broiledmeatandhaveaBurgerKingFire-Grilledsaladwithshrimpinstead.Thehealthyapproachisworking:salesareexpectedtoincreasebyasmuchas4percentthisyear.Heavyusersareadapting--intheirownway.They’reeatingChickenWhoppersaswellastherealthingandcuttingbackonanythingthathastheword"fried"initsname.McDonald’sdroppeditsSuperSizeportionsapparentlybecausecustomersstoppedorderingthegiganticservings."[But]theOuarterPounderwithCheeseortheBigMac--thoseitemswillnotbetouched"saysTechnomic’sDennisLombardi.JeremyHagemancantakesomecomfortinthat.The26-year-oldWebdesignerhitsthegymthreetimesaweeksothathecanindulgeinasmuchfastfoodashelikes."Ilikethingsthattastegood"Hagemansays.Hecameupwithaplan:eatmoreTacoBell."Forsomereason"hesays"itdoesn’tseemasbad." Thispassageiswrittenmainlyfor
Historiansaredetectivessearchingouttheevidenceofthepastintheirpursuitofhistory.Thisisachallengingandfrequentlyengagingquest1itsownbutevidencemustbeturnedto2.Primarysourcesthatareuncovered3manyformsthatvary4thequestionsaskedandtheperiodstudiedbutwrittenrecordsare5historiansusemorethananyother.Thehistoriandoesnot6evidenceinthemannerofcourtsoflawwherequestionsofadmissibilityandtruthversusfalsehoodare7.Thehistorian’’suseofevidenceismuchmore8Determininghowandwithwhatend9mindanypieceofevidencecameintoexistencearethefirsttasks10thehistorianintheinternalcriticismofhistoricalsources.Itisimportanttoknowforinstancewho11aparticularcensusandwithwhatinstructionsor12acorrespondentwasaddressingafriendorfoecolleagueoropponent. Formanyyearshistoriansdividedevidenceintothetwo13ofprimaryandsecondarysources.Theformerwereconsideredasany14orartifactfromtheperiod15studythelatterasdescriptionsorreconstructionsbasedonprimarysources.Thefunctionofthehistorianitwas16wastoconvertprimarysourcesintosecondarysources.This17misleads.Whathavebeencalledsecondarysourcesamnothistoricalsourcesatallbut18thatrevealthehistorian’’spointofview.Allevidenceusedbythehistorianwasaprimarysourceatthetimeitwas19anditisalwayspartialandincomplete.Thereinliespartofthe20ofhistory.
PartBDirections:YouaregoingtoreadalistofheadingsandatextaboutGoogle.Choosethemostsuitableheadingfromthelist[A]-[F]foreachnumberedparagraph41-45.Thefirstandlastparagraphsofthetextarenotnumbered.Thereisoneextraheadingwhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1. [A]Stickingtolong-termplanning. [B]Striveformoreprofit [C]Decentralizedmanagement. [D]Maintaininganemployee-centricculture. [E]OfficialDo-Gooding. [F]Apubliccompanyownedbythepublic. WallStreetpredictorsnowestimatethatwhenGooglestocksareissuedsomeweeksfromnowthecompanywillbevaluedatasmuchas$30billionmakingBrinandPagewhoeachownabout15percentworthmorethan$4billioneach.ButpersonalwealthisclearlynottheobsessionofthecofounderswhoshareaclutteredofficeinthecampusdubbedtheGoogleplex.Asevidencedbytheir"ownersmanual"theyhavebeenstrugglingwithadeepquestion:howcantheypreservetheircompanyapproachcultureandvisionifitistobepubliclytradedandbeholdentoshareholders7Andtheyhavecomeupwithsomeanswers.41.____________________Googleisobsessedwithdemocracy.ThebasisofallitswealthspringsfromtheGooglesearchalgorithmswhichsearchthroughandindextheWebinsuchawayastocapturethecollectiveintelligenceofitsusers.It’skindofademocraticprocessandapparentlythisideacarriesovertowhoshouldownshares.Googleisrepellingtobeassociatedwiththego-goandultimatelygone-gonesuperheroesofthedot-comeraandtodiscouragespeculationPageandBrinoutline"afairprocessforourIPOthatisinclusiveofbothsmallandlargeinvestors."Theyproposeanauctionthatwillbypassthedaytradersandfatcatsandhopefullyreachtheiridealinvestor---awisesoulwillingtohanginforthelonghaul.WhenitcomestocontrolthoughGoogle’sleadersbelievethatitshouldrestwiththem.Thecompanywillhavetwoclassesofstockoneofwhichhasgreatervotingrightsownedbythem.42.____________________Soundingdangerouslylikeafortunecookiethecofounderswrite"Amanagementteamdistractedbyaseriesofshort-termtargetsisaspointlessasadietersteppingonascaleeveryhalfhour."Googlewon’tfallforthattheyinsist.TherewillbenoattempttomassagequarterlyresultstopleaseWallStreet.Andifyouaskthemhowthingswillgointhenextcoupleofmonths"wewillrespectfullydecline"toofferguidance.43.____________________BrinandPageknewthatdoubterspredictedthatgoingpublicwouldbetheendofGoogle’semployeeamenitieslikefreelunchescookedbyJerryGarcia’sformerchefandmassagesoncall.But"whenyoulookatthefinancialsthatcostsnothing"saidBrinrecently."It’slessthanaroundingerror."HeandPagearetellingshareholdersto"expectustoaddbenefitsratherthanreducethemovertime."44.____________________BrinPageandCEOEricSchmidtrunthecompanyasamessytriumvirate.Howevertheydoincludespatsbetweenthemasapossibleriskfactor.Andthechainofcommandwillbefurthercomplicatedbytheirrequirementthattheboardchairmanshouldnotbeaninsider.45.____________________IncasetherewasanydoubtaboutGoogle’sprioritiesPageandBrinputitinblackandwhite:"WeaspiretomakeGoogleaninstitutionthatmakestheworldabetterplace."Thecompanymottois"Don’tbeevil"andshareholdersshouldbeawarethatthiscouldimpactstockprice.Googleisputting1percentofitswealthinafoundationthatsomeday"mayeclipseGiggleitselfintermsofoverallworldimpact."Allfascinatingbutnotreallyananswertothatbigquestion:shouldyougetinonthis.’ThatwilldependonhowGooglecanmaintainitsamazingmomentuminthefaceofsomeverytoughcompetitivechallenges. 43
Text3Thenextbigworkoutcrazeisoneevenacouchpotatocouldlove.Itstartswithawarm-up:atriptothesupermarket.Thenthere’salargedinnerfollowedbysomeleisurelyhoursspentdoingcrosswordpuzzles.Finallythere’sthecool-downalongbubblebath.Keepthisupandyou’llbebuffinnotime.Mentallybuffatanyrate.Thisisaworkoutforyourbrain--anexampleof"neurobics"amovementthat’sgainingmomentumamongthoselookingtostaysharpastheyage.Somepsychologistsclaimthatbyadjustingyourroutineinsmallwaysliketakingadifferentroutetothegrocerystoreorstimulatingyoursenseswithanewfragrancedbathproductyoucanencourageneuronstobuildmoreconnectionstoeachother.ThoughscientistsknowlittleabouttheearlystagesofAlzheimer’sclinicalevidenceisstartingtoshowthatmental"exercises"likethesemaywarditoff.Neurobicsgotstartedwiththe1999bookKeepYourBrainAlivebyDukeUniversityneurobiologistLarryKatzandwriterManningRubin.Sincethenthetermhasenteredcommonusageit’sdefinedinatleastoneslangdictionaryandinspirednumerousimitators.Entrepreneursnowoffercoursesthatteachneurobicexercisesalongsidemoretraditionalseminarsonhandlingstressandexpressingemotions.CorporatetrainerslikeMindGymrunemployeesthrough90minute"workouts"designedtoincreaseproductivity.There’salsotheMyBrainTrainer.comsiteapaidservicethatprovidesaccesstogameslikethoseusedinpsychologicalexperimentstotestcognitiveability.There’snoevidencethatthesegamesareanybetterforyouthansayscrabble.ButMyBrainTrainercreatorBruceFriedmansayshegetsa"neuralbuzz"fromthem--andhe’stakeneachmorethan1600times.Stillit’sagoodbetthatasimplechangeinroutinewillbejustaseffective.Ifthatdoesn’tseemmentallywearingconsiderhowyougoaboutmostneurobicactivitiesinordinarylife.Mostlikelyyou’regoingthroughthemotions--drivingonroadsyouknowbyheartswallowingdowndinnerwithoutsavoringitstasteortexture.Changingthingswillforceyoutopayattentiontowhatyou’redoing.Eventhosewhoareskepticalaboutneurobics’potentialforpreventingAlzheimer’shavetoadmitthatisn’tabadthing. BruceFriedmanseemstosuggestthat
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmark[A][B][C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.Portabledevicesarebecominglighterandmoreappealing.Booksarebeing1intodigitalformbythethousands.Themostimportant2forwardmaybein"digitalink"thetechnologyusedfor3lettersonascreen.AsmallcompanycalledEInkhascreatedamethodfor4tinyblackandwhitecapsulesintowordsand5withanelectroniccharge.Becausenopowerisused6thereaderchangesthepagedeviceswiththetechnologycouldgo720booksbetweenbatterycharges.Thetextalsolooksjustas8asinkonaprintedpage.Sonyisthefirstmajorplayertotake9ofthetechnology.Thisyear.itwillmarkettheSonyReaderwhichusesEInkandclosely10thesizeweightand11ofabook.TheReaderwillsell12about$400.Sonyalsowillofferroughly10000book13fordownloadfromitsonlinestore14newsstones.Otherplayerstrytocatchtheopportunitytoo.Atleasttwo15companiesareintroducingdigitalreadersthisyear.AndscoresofcompaniesfromGoogletoRandomHouseInc.areplanningotherwaysto16fromdigitalbooks.Allthis17totheinfluenceofAppleComputerInc..WithitsiPodApplehas18thatmillionsofpeoplearewillingtocarryarounddigitaldeviceswiththeirfavoritecontent19musicwhynotnovelsandnonfictionAccordingtooneCEOwithalargepublishingcompanytheiPodledthewayingettingpeoplecomfortablewithasimilardeviceforbooks.Suchthingsarenotonly20butagoodidea. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.7
Text2Bigmacs.Nacho-CheeseChalupas.Subwaysubs.RobBoruckiadoresthemall.The37-yearoldindulgesinfast-foodfareatleastfivetimesaweek.AreallygooddayforBoruckiWhenWienerschnitzelaWestCoasthot-dogchainhegrewupwithrecentlyopenedjustafewblocksfromhisTempeArizonaofficeandhegottoenjoywithhisfellowsausageenthusiasts."Iwassoexcited"saystheInternetprojectmanagerwhorunsafast-foodfanWebsite."Andsowaseveryonethere."Infast-foodtermsBoruckiiscalleda"heavyuser"eventhoughheisquiteslender.Looselydefinedasthe20percentoffast-foodeaterswhoaccountfor60percentofallfast-foodsalesatypicalheavyuserismaleinhis20sor30sandextremelyloyaltotheburgersandfriesheloveslatelyheaviesarefeelingundersiegeasfast-foodchainshavecomeunderattack.ObesedinersaresuingcompanieslikeMcDonald’sforallegedlycontributingtotheirweightproblemsAndtheendlessfloodofstudiesdetailingthehorrorsofobesityprovideplentyofammoforthechattertypeswhowantheavyuserstochangetheirways.HeavyuserslikeBoruckiinsisttheydon’tneedsavingprotestingthattheyarefarfromtheuselessfattiesanti-fast-foodactivistsmakethemouttobe.ForhispartBoruckiisamoderateexerciser.Andhe’lloccasionallysubstituteasidesaladforhisregularfries.Indeedinarecentstudyofrestaurant-goersbytheresearchfirmTechnomic90percentsaidtheyhadconcernsaboutobesityand50percentsaidthey’dchangedtheireatinghabitsinthepastyearasaresult.Fast-foodcompanieshavenoticed.YoucangiveyourwaistlineabreaktodaywithaMcDonald’sfruit-and-walnutsaladorskiptheflame-broiledmeatandhaveaBurgerKingFire-Grilledsaladwithshrimpinstead.Thehealthyapproachisworking:salesareexpectedtoincreasebyasmuchas4percentthisyear.Heavyusersareadapting--intheirownway.They’reeatingChickenWhoppersaswellastherealthingandcuttingbackonanythingthathastheword"fried"initsname.McDonald’sdroppeditsSuperSizeportionsapparentlybecausecustomersstoppedorderingthegiganticservings."[But]theOuarterPounderwithCheeseortheBigMac--thoseitemswillnotbetouched"saysTechnomic’sDennisLombardi.JeremyHagemancantakesomecomfortinthat.The26-year-oldWebdesignerhitsthegymthreetimesaweeksothathecanindulgeinasmuchfastfoodashelikes."Ilikethingsthattastegood"Hagemansays.Hecameupwithaplan:eatmoreTacoBell."Forsomereason"hesays"itdoesn’tseemasbad." Fast-foodeatersmaynotabsolutelybeobesemainlybecause
PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.Thewinnertakesallitiswidelysupposedincomputingcircles.Indeedgeekshavecoinedaword"Googlearchy"forthewayinwhichsearchenginesencouragewebtraffictowardsthemostpopularsites.46Thebeliefthatsearchenginesmakepopularwebsitesevermorepopularattheexpenseofotherpagesisnowbeingchallengedbyresearch.47TheapparentlymagicalabilityofsearchenginessuchasGoogletoreturnrelevantwebsitesevenwhengiventhesketchiestofcluesbythepersonenteringaqueryreliesontheuseofmathematicalrecipesoralgorithms.Googleworksbyanalysingthestructureofthewebitself.Eachofitsbillionsofpagescanlinktootherpagesandcanalsointurnbelinkedtobyothers.Furthermoreifthepagesthatlinktothispageamalsoimportantthenthatpageisevenmorelikelytobeimportant.48ThealgorithmhasbeenmadeincreasinglycomplexovertheyearstodeterthosewhowouldmanipulatetheirpagestoappearhigherintherankingsbutitremainsattheheartofGoogle’ssuccess.Googleisnotaloneinthis.Manysearchenginestakeaccountofthenumberoflinkstoawebsitewhentheyreturntheresultsofasearch.49Becauseofthisthereisawidespreadbeliefamongcomputersocialandpoliticalscientiststhatsearchenginescreateaviciouscirclethatamplifiesthedominanceofestablishedandalreadypopularwebsites.Pagesreturnedbysearchenginesaremorelikelytobediscoveredandconsequentlylinkedtobyothers.NotsoaccordingtoacontroversialnewpaperthathasrecentlyappearedonarXivanonlinecollectionofphysicsandrelatedpapers.InitSantoFortunatoandhiscolleaguesatIndianaUniversityinAmericaandBielefeldUniversityinGermanyclaimthatsearchenginesactuallyhaveanegalitarianeffectthatincreasestraffictolesspopularsites.Theresearchersdevelopedamodelthatdescribedtwoextremecases.Inthefirstpeoplebrowsedthewebonlybysurfingrandomlinks.Inthesecondpeopleonlyvisitedpagesthatwerereturnedbysearchengines.Theresearchersthenturnedtotherealworld.Theyplottedthetraffictoawebsite--measuredasthefractionofallpageviewsmadeinathree-monthperiod--againstthenumberofincominglinksmadetothatwebsite.50Totheirsurprisetheyfoundthattherelationshipbetweenthetwodidnotliebetweentheextremessuggestedbytheirmodelbutsomewherecompletelydifferent.Itappearstoshowthatthesupposedbiasinfavourofpopularpagesisactuallymitigatedbythecombinationofsearchenginesandpeoplefollowingrandomlinks. Becauseofthisthereisawidespreadbeliefamongcomputersocialandpoliticalscientiststhatsearchenginescreateaviciouscirclethatamplifiesthedominanceofestablishedandalreadypopularwebsites.
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmark[A][B][C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.Portabledevicesarebecominglighterandmoreappealing.Booksarebeing1intodigitalformbythethousands.Themostimportant2forwardmaybein"digitalink"thetechnologyusedfor3lettersonascreen.AsmallcompanycalledEInkhascreatedamethodfor4tinyblackandwhitecapsulesintowordsand5withanelectroniccharge.Becausenopowerisused6thereaderchangesthepagedeviceswiththetechnologycouldgo720booksbetweenbatterycharges.Thetextalsolooksjustas8asinkonaprintedpage.Sonyisthefirstmajorplayertotake9ofthetechnology.Thisyear.itwillmarkettheSonyReaderwhichusesEInkandclosely10thesizeweightand11ofabook.TheReaderwillsell12about$400.Sonyalsowillofferroughly10000book13fordownloadfromitsonlinestore14newsstones.Otherplayerstrytocatchtheopportunitytoo.Atleasttwo15companiesareintroducingdigitalreadersthisyear.AndscoresofcompaniesfromGoogletoRandomHouseInc.areplanningotherwaysto16fromdigitalbooks.Allthis17totheinfluenceofAppleComputerInc..WithitsiPodApplehas18thatmillionsofpeoplearewillingtocarryarounddigitaldeviceswiththeirfavoritecontent19musicwhynotnovelsandnonfictionAccordingtooneCEOwithalargepublishingcompanytheiPodledthewayingettingpeoplecomfortablewithasimilardeviceforbooks.Suchthingsarenotonly20butagoodidea. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.15
SectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A][B][C]or[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.Text1Extrapolatingfromtheadage"twoheadsarebetterthanone"agroupofeconomistsattheUniversityofIowahaslearnedhowtoturntheinstinctsofindividualsintousefulpredictionsofthefuture.SofartheresearchershavetestedtheirmethodbypredictingtheoutcomeofsucheventsastheAmericanpresidentialelectionandthenumberofbookssoldonthefirstdayofaHarryPotterrelease.Nowtheyhaveturnedtheirsightstoinfluenza.Theinfluenzainquestionisnotthepandemicbird-flu-relatedsortthatiscurrentlyacauseforconcernbutthequotidianbugthatlayspeoplelowparticularlyinwinter.Eventhisdiseaseisnottrivialitkillsforinstanceabout36000peopleinAmericaandpossiblyasmanyas12000peopleinBritaineveryyear.Ifoutbreakscouldbepredictedpatientsatparticularriskcouldbevaccinatedandmedicalpersonnelredeployedinanticipation.$oPhilipPolgreenandhiscolleagueswonderediftheycouldsucceedwheremedicalsciencehadfailedandgiveadequatewarningofinfluenzaoutbreaks.America’sCentresforDiseaseControlCDCtrackinfluenzacasesinthecountryastheyhappen.Aweeklatertheyreleasethedatainpartbyusingacolour-codedmap.Thecoloursreflectthelevelofinfluenzaactivityineachstateonafive-pointscalewithyellowrepresenting"noactivity"andredrepresenting"widespreadactivity".IntheirstudyDrPolgreenandhiscolleaguesgave60doctorsandnursesbasedinIowa100"fludollars"each.TheparticipantsusedthesetobuyandsellsharescodedaccordingtotheCDC’scoloursforaparticularweekinthefuturebasedonhowmanycasestheythoughtwouldoccurinthestateduringthatweek.Forexampleifaphysiciansawthreeyoungchildrenwithflusymptomsinhisofficehemightsellanyyellowshareshehadforthefollowingweekandbuyredones.Converselyifnoonehesawseemedtohavetroublewithinfluenzahemightbuymoreyelloworgreensporadicactivitysharesforeachofthenextfewweeks.OverthecourseofthefluseasonfromOctober2004toApril200552participantsloggedintothemarketastraders.Theywereabletobuyandselluptosevenweeksinadvance.Attheendoftheexperimenteachfludollarwasconvertedintoarealoneandgiventotheparticipantsintheformofaneducationalgrant. Ifmostparticipantsendupwithgreensharesitmeans
Historiansaredetectivessearchingouttheevidenceofthepastintheirpursuitofhistory.Thisisachallengingandfrequentlyengagingquest1itsownbutevidencemustbeturnedto2.Primarysourcesthatareuncovered3manyformsthatvary4thequestionsaskedandtheperiodstudiedbutwrittenrecordsare5historiansusemorethananyother.Thehistoriandoesnot6evidenceinthemannerofcourtsoflawwherequestionsofadmissibilityandtruthversusfalsehoodare7.Thehistorian’’suseofevidenceismuchmore8Determininghowandwithwhatend9mindanypieceofevidencecameintoexistencearethefirsttasks10thehistorianintheinternalcriticismofhistoricalsources.Itisimportanttoknowforinstancewho11aparticularcensusandwithwhatinstructionsor12acorrespondentwasaddressingafriendorfoecolleagueoropponent. Formanyyearshistoriansdividedevidenceintothetwo13ofprimaryandsecondarysources.Theformerwereconsideredasany14orartifactfromtheperiod15studythelatterasdescriptionsorreconstructionsbasedonprimarysources.Thefunctionofthehistorianitwas16wastoconvertprimarysourcesintosecondarysources.This17misleads.Whathavebeencalledsecondarysourcesamnothistoricalsourcesatallbut18thatrevealthehistorian’’spointofview.Allevidenceusedbythehistorianwasaprimarysourceatthetimeitwas19anditisalwayspartialandincomplete.Thereinliespartofthe20ofhistory.
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