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TheFederalCommunicationsCommissionisnotaloneinworryingabouttelevisionstationsthataircorporateadvertisementsmasqueradingasnewsstories.InfacttheFCCrequiresthatbroadcaststationsdisclosethecorporatebackersof"videonewsreleases"orfaceamaximumfineof$32500foreachviolation.Enoughviolationsandastationcouldloseitslicense.TheFCCsetsoutaclearpolicy:Alloutsidenewsreportingmustbeidentifieddisclosingthesourceofanyvideonewsreleaseairedonanewsprogram. Thereareoccasionaldeclines.AnonprofitconsumerwatchdoggroupreportedtotheFCCthat77stationsbroadcastvideofeaturesaboutproductsfrom49companieswithoutpointingoutthattheywereproducedbypublicrelationsfirmsrepresentingthesecorporations.Publicrelationsfirmshaveonegoal:tomaketheirvideonewsreleaseslookasiftheyarelegitimatenewsreportsnotpropaganda. HoweverPR-producedvideonewsreleasesmerelyarethetipoftheiceberg.Eversincenewspapersbeganspecial-interestgroupshavetriedtoinfluencethequalityandquantityofthenewsprinted.Ofteninexchangeforadvertisingrevenuenewspaperswouldprintglowingstoriesoftheirsponsorsandsuppressanynewsthatmighthurttheirheavyadvertisers.Thosewithouttheabilitytoinformthepresseitherthroughnewsreleasesorcontactsusuallyareignoredunlesstheycommitacrimeoractinattention-gettingways. Formostofthe20thcenturywomenandpeopleofcolorfounditalmostimpossibletobreakthespecial-interestnewsbarriers.Theirstorieswereignoredunlesstherewasasensationaloruniqueelement.Usuallythoughitemsconcerningtheseminoritiesrequiredanenormouswrongdoingsuchasthemurderofsomeoneinthewhitecommunityorsomeattackonthestatusquothatthreatenedthepeaceandquietaswellastheproductivityofaneighborhood. Therehavebeensplendidexceptionsbutnotmany.OnereasontheHispanicnewsmediahasbeensosuccessfulisthatitcaterstoitsaudienceinthesamemannerallmediadoes.Whileitsbiasmayseemdifferentitactuallyisthesamebiasallmediahas:anoverwhelmingconcerntokeepitssupportershappy.SowhilethehueandcryoverPR-createdvideonewsreleasesarewellandgoodtheyreallydonotattacktheproblemofbiasednewsandappealstoaspecificgroupthatsharesthesameprejudicesandconcernsaboutthepresentandfuture. AllofthisisonekeyreasonAmericanssooftenaresurprisedwhenthenewsoutletsareforcedtoreportstoriesthatdonotpleaseadvertisersorconsumers.Bettertocontinuewhenpossibleasteadysupplyofnewsaboutthelatestcelebritybabyoryetanotherpieceaboutsexoffendersorrestauranthealthviolations Itismostpossibleforasupporterofanewspapertobereportedfor
Directions: YoujustspentyoursummerholidaysinTom’shometownTom’shomeisatasmallandquietcountryside.Nowyouaregoingtowritehimaletterofthanksforallheandhisfamilydidforyouduringyourstaythere. Imaginesomedetailsofthesummaryholidays.Writeyourletterinnolessthan100words.WriteitnearlyonANSWERSHEET2. Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter;use"LiMing"instead. Donotwritetheaddress10points
台湾问题迟迟不能得到解决的主要原因是
Directions: Inthefollowingarticlesomesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestion41—45choosethemostsuitableonethelistA—Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblank.Thereareextrachoiceswhichdonotfitinanyofthegaps.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.10points Wemightmarvelattheprocessmadeineveryfieldofstudybutthemethodoftestingaperson’sknowledgeandabilityremainasprimitiveasevertheywere.Itreallyisextraordinarythatafteralltheseyearseducationistshavestillfailedtodeviseanythingmoreefficientandreliablethanexaminations. 41.______ Theymaybeagoodmeansoftestingmemoryortheknackofworkingrapidlyunderextremepressurebuttheycantellyounothingaboutaperson’strueabilityandaptitude. 42.______ Yourwholefuturemaybedecidedinonefatefulday.Itdoesn’tmatterthatyouweren’tfeelingverywellorthatyourmotherdied.Littlethingslikethatdon’tcount:theexamgoeson.noonecangiveofhisbestwhenheisinmortalterrororafterasleeplessnightyetthisispreciselywhattheexaminationsystemexpectshimtodo.Themomentachildbeginsschoolheentersaworldofviciouscompetitionwheresuccessandfailureareclearlydefinedandmeasured.Canwewonderattheincreasingnumberof"dropouts":youngpeoplewhoarewrittenoffasutterfailuresbeforetheyhaveevenembarkedonacareerCanwebesurprisedatthesuiciderateamongstudents 43.______ Examinationsdonotmotivateastudenttoreadwidelybuttorestricthisreading;theydonotenablehimtoseekmoreandmoreknowledgebutinducecramming.Theylowerthestandardsofteachingfortheydeprivetheteacherofallfreedom.Teachersthemselvesareoftenjudgedbyexaminationresultsandinsteadofteachingtheirsubjectstheyarereducedtotrainingtheirstudentsinexamtechniqueswhichtheydespise.Themostsuccessfulcandidatesarenotalwaysthebesteducated;theyarebesttrainedinthetechniqueofworkingunderduress. 44.______ Examinersareonlyhuman.Theygettriedandhungry;theymakemistakes.Yettheyhavetomarkstacksofhastilyscrawledscriptsinalimitedamountoftime.Theyworkunderthesamesortofpressureasthecandidates.Andtheirwordcarriesweight.Afterajudge’sdecisionyouhavetherightofappealbutnotafteranexaminer’s. 45.______ IsitcynicaltosuggestthatexaminationsaremerelyaprofitablebusinessfortheinstitutionsthatrunthemThisiswhatitboilsdowntointhelastanalysis.Thebestcommentonthesystemisthisilliteratemessagerecentlyscrawledonawall:"Iwereateenagedrop-outandnowIamateenagemillionaire." [A]Agoodeducationshouldamongotherthingstrainyoutothinkforyourself.Theexaminationsystemdoesanythingbutthat.Whathastobelearntisrigidlylaiddownbyasyllabussothestudentsareencouragedtomemorize. [B]Theresultsonwhichsomuchdependsareoftennothingmorethanasubjectiveassessmentbysomeanonymousexaminer. [C]Examinationscanbetakenasatestofastudent’sknowledgeaboutaparticularsubjectwhichwouldtellthestudentwherehestandsamongothersandhowmuchheknowsandhowmuchheoughttoknow. [D]Asanxiety-makersexaminationsaresecondtonone.Thatisbecausesomuchdependsonthem.Theyarethemarkofsuccessorfailureinoursociety. [E]Thestudentappearingfortheexamtakesitunderextremetensionandpressurebecauseheknowsthathehasonlyonechancetoprovehisworthandifhefailshewillbeleftbehindfortherestofhislife. [F]Forallthepiousclaimthatexaminationstestwhatyouknowitiscommonknowledgethattheymoreoftendotheexactopposite. [G]Theremustsurelybemanysimplerandmoreeffectivewaysofassessingaperson’strueabilities. 45
中国政府与__斗争的焦点集中表现为
Directions: Inthefollowingarticlesomesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestion41—45choosethemostsuitableonethelistA—Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblank.Thereareextrachoiceswhichdonotfitinanyofthegaps.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.10points Wemightmarvelattheprocessmadeineveryfieldofstudybutthemethodoftestingaperson’sknowledgeandabilityremainasprimitiveasevertheywere.Itreallyisextraordinarythatafteralltheseyearseducationistshavestillfailedtodeviseanythingmoreefficientandreliablethanexaminations. 41.______ Theymaybeagoodmeansoftestingmemoryortheknackofworkingrapidlyunderextremepressurebuttheycantellyounothingaboutaperson’strueabilityandaptitude. 42.______ Yourwholefuturemaybedecidedinonefatefulday.Itdoesn’tmatterthatyouweren’tfeelingverywellorthatyourmotherdied.Littlethingslikethatdon’tcount:theexamgoeson.noonecangiveofhisbestwhenheisinmortalterrororafterasleeplessnightyetthisispreciselywhattheexaminationsystemexpectshimtodo.Themomentachildbeginsschoolheentersaworldofviciouscompetitionwheresuccessandfailureareclearlydefinedandmeasured.Canwewonderattheincreasingnumberof"dropouts":youngpeoplewhoarewrittenoffasutterfailuresbeforetheyhaveevenembarkedonacareerCanwebesurprisedatthesuiciderateamongstudents 43.______ Examinationsdonotmotivateastudenttoreadwidelybuttorestricthisreading;theydonotenablehimtoseekmoreandmoreknowledgebutinducecramming.Theylowerthestandardsofteachingfortheydeprivetheteacherofallfreedom.Teachersthemselvesareoftenjudgedbyexaminationresultsandinsteadofteachingtheirsubjectstheyarereducedtotrainingtheirstudentsinexamtechniqueswhichtheydespise.Themostsuccessfulcandidatesarenotalwaysthebesteducated;theyarebesttrainedinthetechniqueofworkingunderduress. 44.______ Examinersareonlyhuman.Theygettriedandhungry;theymakemistakes.Yettheyhavetomarkstacksofhastilyscrawledscriptsinalimitedamountoftime.Theyworkunderthesamesortofpressureasthecandidates.Andtheirwordcarriesweight.Afterajudge’sdecisionyouhavetherightofappealbutnotafteranexaminer’s. 45.______ IsitcynicaltosuggestthatexaminationsaremerelyaprofitablebusinessfortheinstitutionsthatrunthemThisiswhatitboilsdowntointhelastanalysis.Thebestcommentonthesystemisthisilliteratemessagerecentlyscrawledonawall:"Iwereateenagedrop-outandnowIamateenagemillionaire." [A]Agoodeducationshouldamongotherthingstrainyoutothinkforyourself.Theexaminationsystemdoesanythingbutthat.Whathastobelearntisrigidlylaiddownbyasyllabussothestudentsareencouragedtomemorize. [B]Theresultsonwhichsomuchdependsareoftennothingmorethanasubjectiveassessmentbysomeanonymousexaminer. [C]Examinationscanbetakenasatestofastudent’sknowledgeaboutaparticularsubjectwhichwouldtellthestudentwherehestandsamongothersandhowmuchheknowsandhowmuchheoughttoknow. [D]Asanxiety-makersexaminationsaresecondtonone.Thatisbecausesomuchdependsonthem.Theyarethemarkofsuccessorfailureinoursociety. [E]Thestudentappearingfortheexamtakesitunderextremetensionandpressurebecauseheknowsthathehasonlyonechancetoprovehisworthandifhefailshewillbeleftbehindfortherestofhislife. [F]Forallthepiousclaimthatexaminationstestwhatyouknowitiscommonknowledgethattheymoreoftendotheexactopposite. [G]Theremustsurelybemanysimplerandmoreeffectivewaysofassessingaperson’strueabilities. 41
Ananalysisofworkplacetrendsshowsthatemployeeperksareliableindicatorofjobmarketstrengtharebeginningtomakeacomeback.WhilenotasExtravagantasthoseofferedinthelate1990scompaniesclearlyareshiftingtheirfocusfromworkforcereductiontoworkforceretention.Firmsrealizethattheyrequireafoundationofexperiencedtrainedandmotivatedworkers.Theseemployersareimprovingand/oraddingperkstopreventanexodusofworkersthatcouldoccurastheeconomycontinuesimproving.Theyalsomaybelookingfurtherdowntheroadwhenseverelaborshortagesareexpectedtoreturn. Ananalysisofperksofferedintoday’sworkplaceshowsthatmanyofthe1990s-stylebenefitssuchasgameroomsandluxurycarleaseshavebeenabandoned.Theperksthatremainpopularwithemployersandemployeesarethosethathelpworkersstayhealthycareerfocusedandfinanciallystable.Perhapsthemostappreciatedarethosethathelpindividualsmaintainwork-lifebalance. Work-lifebalanceisjustonepartofthegrowingconcerncompanieshaveabouttheoverallemotionalandphysicalhealthoftheirworkers.Employeeswhoarestressedoutordepressedbecausetheydonotfeelasiftheyaregivingenoughattentiontothenonworkaspectsoftheirlivesultimatelyareunproductive.Moreandmorecompaniesalsoarelearningthatworkersdesiretheopportunitytogrowprofessionallyintheworkplace.HewlettPackardforinstancehasboosteditsemployeeeducationanddevelopmentbudgetby20%. NationwideInsurancebasedinColumbusOhioestablishedacareer-planningwebsitein2003.Thesiteprovidesinformationoncompanyjobopportunitiescareerdevelopmentandanin-housementoringprogram.Nationwidealsoishelpingtoeducateitsemployeesinfinancialmattersacknowledgingthatworkersdistractedbysuchissuesonthejobarenotgivingtheirfullattentiontothecompany’spriorities.Itisaddingclassesandseminarsonpersonalfinanceissuesand401kinvestments. Sometimesperkssimplyareaboutkeepingemployeemoraleelevated.KnowingthatanimprovingeconomymightpromptvaluedemployeestoseeknewopportunitiestheownerofTicketcity.comhaslavishedhisbestperformerswithticketstotheMastersgolftournament锦标赛accesstocountryclubsandinvitationstoamanagementretreatinSedonaAriz. Moreoverevencompaniesthatcannotaffordtoinstitutecostlyperkscanfindwaystomakesurecurrentemployeesarehappy.DougDormanvicepresidentofhumanresourcesfortheGreenvilleS.C.HospitalSystemexplainsthatthereisadefinitesenseofurgencywhenitcomestoemployeeretentionknowingthatlaborshortagesarereturning.Dormannoteshoweverthattheyhavenotfocusedonperks"butratheroncreatingacultureofrecognitionandappreciation.Employeesstaywhentheyhavegoodtwo-waycommunicationwithmanagementandaretrulyappreciatedandrecognizedfortheircontributions." Accordingtothetextthereturnofperksismostlybecause
TheFederalCommunicationsCommissionisnotaloneinworryingabouttelevisionstationsthataircorporateadvertisementsmasqueradingasnewsstories.InfacttheFCCrequiresthatbroadcaststationsdisclosethecorporatebackersof"videonewsreleases"orfaceamaximumfineof$32500foreachviolation.Enoughviolationsandastationcouldloseitslicense.TheFCCsetsoutaclearpolicy:Alloutsidenewsreportingmustbeidentifieddisclosingthesourceofanyvideonewsreleaseairedonanewsprogram. Thereareoccasionaldeclines.AnonprofitconsumerwatchdoggroupreportedtotheFCCthat77stationsbroadcastvideofeaturesaboutproductsfrom49companieswithoutpointingoutthattheywereproducedbypublicrelationsfirmsrepresentingthesecorporations.Publicrelationsfirmshaveonegoal:tomaketheirvideonewsreleaseslookasiftheyarelegitimatenewsreportsnotpropaganda. HoweverPR-producedvideonewsreleasesmerelyarethetipoftheiceberg.Eversincenewspapersbeganspecial-interestgroupshavetriedtoinfluencethequalityandquantityofthenewsprinted.Ofteninexchangeforadvertisingrevenuenewspaperswouldprintglowingstoriesoftheirsponsorsandsuppressanynewsthatmighthurttheirheavyadvertisers.Thosewithouttheabilitytoinformthepresseitherthroughnewsreleasesorcontactsusuallyareignoredunlesstheycommitacrimeoractinattention-gettingways. Formostofthe20thcenturywomenandpeopleofcolorfounditalmostimpossibletobreakthespecial-interestnewsbarriers.Theirstorieswereignoredunlesstherewasasensationaloruniqueelement.Usuallythoughitemsconcerningtheseminoritiesrequiredanenormouswrongdoingsuchasthemurderofsomeoneinthewhitecommunityorsomeattackonthestatusquothatthreatenedthepeaceandquietaswellastheproductivityofaneighborhood. Therehavebeensplendidexceptionsbutnotmany.OnereasontheHispanicnewsmediahasbeensosuccessfulisthatitcaterstoitsaudienceinthesamemannerallmediadoes.Whileitsbiasmayseemdifferentitactuallyisthesamebiasallmediahas:anoverwhelmingconcerntokeepitssupportershappy.SowhilethehueandcryoverPR-createdvideonewsreleasesarewellandgoodtheyreallydonotattacktheproblemofbiasednewsandappealstoaspecificgroupthatsharesthesameprejudicesandconcernsaboutthepresentandfuture. AllofthisisonekeyreasonAmericanssooftenaresurprisedwhenthenewsoutletsareforcedtoreportstoriesthatdonotpleaseadvertisersorconsumers.Bettertocontinuewhenpossibleasteadysupplyofnewsaboutthelatestcelebritybabyoryetanotherpieceaboutsexoffendersorrestauranthealthviolations Fromthetextwecanconcludethatnewsmediathatreleasebiasednewsreportswouldprobably
Ananalysisofworkplacetrendsshowsthatemployeeperksareliableindicatorofjobmarketstrengtharebeginningtomakeacomeback.WhilenotasExtravagantasthoseofferedinthelate1990scompaniesclearlyareshiftingtheirfocusfromworkforcereductiontoworkforceretention.Firmsrealizethattheyrequireafoundationofexperiencedtrainedandmotivatedworkers.Theseemployersareimprovingand/oraddingperkstopreventanexodusofworkersthatcouldoccurastheeconomycontinuesimproving.Theyalsomaybelookingfurtherdowntheroadwhenseverelaborshortagesareexpectedtoreturn. Ananalysisofperksofferedintoday’sworkplaceshowsthatmanyofthe1990s-stylebenefitssuchasgameroomsandluxurycarleaseshavebeenabandoned.Theperksthatremainpopularwithemployersandemployeesarethosethathelpworkersstayhealthycareerfocusedandfinanciallystable.Perhapsthemostappreciatedarethosethathelpindividualsmaintainwork-lifebalance. Work-lifebalanceisjustonepartofthegrowingconcerncompanieshaveabouttheoverallemotionalandphysicalhealthoftheirworkers.Employeeswhoarestressedoutordepressedbecausetheydonotfeelasiftheyaregivingenoughattentiontothenonworkaspectsoftheirlivesultimatelyareunproductive.Moreandmorecompaniesalsoarelearningthatworkersdesiretheopportunitytogrowprofessionallyintheworkplace.HewlettPackardforinstancehasboosteditsemployeeeducationanddevelopmentbudgetby20%. NationwideInsurancebasedinColumbusOhioestablishedacareer-planningwebsitein2003.Thesiteprovidesinformationoncompanyjobopportunitiescareerdevelopmentandanin-housementoringprogram.Nationwidealsoishelpingtoeducateitsemployeesinfinancialmattersacknowledgingthatworkersdistractedbysuchissuesonthejobarenotgivingtheirfullattentiontothecompany’spriorities.Itisaddingclassesandseminarsonpersonalfinanceissuesand401kinvestments. Sometimesperkssimplyareaboutkeepingemployeemoraleelevated.KnowingthatanimprovingeconomymightpromptvaluedemployeestoseeknewopportunitiestheownerofTicketcity.comhaslavishedhisbestperformerswithticketstotheMastersgolftournament锦标赛accesstocountryclubsandinvitationstoamanagementretreatinSedonaAriz. Moreoverevencompaniesthatcannotaffordtoinstitutecostlyperkscanfindwaystomakesurecurrentemployeesarehappy.DougDormanvicepresidentofhumanresourcesfortheGreenvilleS.C.HospitalSystemexplainsthatthereisadefinitesenseofurgencywhenitcomestoemployeeretentionknowingthatlaborshortagesarereturning.Dormannoteshoweverthattheyhavenotfocusedonperks"butratheroncreatingacultureofrecognitionandappreciation.Employeesstaywhentheyhavegoodtwo-waycommunicationwithmanagementandaretrulyappreciatedandrecognizedfortheircontributions." Whichofthefollowingisnotthereasonwhycompanieshavebeguntoshifttheirattentionontheretentionofworkforce
PresidentBushhasonceagainstartedspeakingoutforcomprehensiveimmigrationreformandadraftplantorallyRepublicansenatorsontheissueiscirculatingjustasCongressionalhearingsontheissueapproach.MembersofCongressrecognizethatvotersarelookingforrealreformthatrestsonresoluteeffectiveenforcementofourimmigrationlaws. Theonlyseriouslegislativeproposalonthetableofferssuchenforcementbecauseitfocusesonmakingemployersaccountablefortheirhiringpractices.Tothatendthebillincorporateslessonslearnedfromthelargestimmigrationenforcementoperationeverundertaken.LastDecemberDepartmentofHomelandSecurityagentsdescendedonmeatprocessingplantsrunbySwirl&Companyinsixstatesarrestingmorethan1200unauthorizedworkers. ThearrestswereastonishingbecauseSwiftparticipatesinBasicPilotavoluntaryDepartmentofHomelandSecurityprogramthatallowsemployerstoelectronicallyverifytheworkeligibilityofnewlyhiredworkersagainstdepartmentandSocialSecuritydatabases.Theprogramisseenastheprecursorforaverificationsystemthatwouldbecomemandatorywithcomprehensiveimmigrationreform.SinceSwirlwasusingthedepartment’ssystemhowdiditendupwithillegalworkers TheBasicPilotprogramhasafatalflawwhichisthatitrequiresonlyelectronicverificationofemploymentqualification.Aneffectiveprogramshouldalsoinsistontamper-proofidentificationdocumentsforjob-seekersincorporatingbiometricslikedigitalphotographsandfingerprintstoproveidentity.Onlythenwoulditbepossibletoestablishnotonlythatjobapplicantsareauthorizedtoworkbutalsothattheyarewhotheysaytheyare.OtherwisevalidSocialSecuritynumberscanbepresentedtoemployersandBasicPilotwillverifythembutthenumbersmaynotbelongtotheworkerswhopresentthem. ToinsistonsecuredocumentswithbiometricidentifiersisnotacallforanationalID.Greencardstemporaryworkpermitsandpassportsaresecureandreliableforhiringpurposes.AddingSocialSecuritycardstothislistestablishingasinglestandardfortheirsecurityfeaturesandreplacingoldcardsoveradesignatedperiodwouldresolvetheproblemonanationalscale. Onlythenwouldemployersbeabletocomplyreliablywithverificationrequirementsasthebasisforsoundenforcementandbyextensionbordercontrol.LegalimmigrantsandAmericancitizenscouldprovetheiridentitiesandqualificationstoworkwithoutfacingdiscriminationbasedonappearanceorlanguage.Scarceenforcementresourcescouldbespentonapprehendingrealcriminalsandaddressingnationalsecuritythreats.Andanewsystemofenforcementwouldatlasthaveachancetowinbackpublicconfidenceinthenation’simmigrationpolicies.Aftermorethan20yearsoffailedeffortsCongressmustnotbakehalfaloaf.SecurebiometricSocialSecuritycardsareanessentialingredientinanycomprehensiveimmigrationreform. Intheauthor’sopinionwhichofthefollowingisthebestwayforaUScitizentobejudged
Directions: ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.10pointsFatigueisoneofthemostcommoncomplaintsbroughttodoctorsfriendsandrelatives.You’dthinkinthiseraoflabor-savingandconvenienttransportationthatfewpeoplewouldhavereasontobesotired.Thecausesofmodern-dayfatiguearediverseandonlyrarelyrelatedtoexcessivephysicalexertion.Todayphysiciansreporttirednessismorelikelyaconsequenceofunderexercisethanofwearingyourselfdownwithoveractivity. Physicalfatigueisthewell-knownresultofoverworkingyourmuscles.46Physicalfatigueisusuallyapleasanttirednesssuchasthatwhichyoumightexperienceafterplayingahardsetoftennischoppingwoodorclimbingamountain.Thecureissimpleandfast:Yourestgivingyourbodyachancetogetridofaccumulatedwasteandrestoremusclefuel. 47Illnessinducedfatigueisawarningsignorconsequenceofsomeunderlyingphysicaldisorderperhapsthecommoncoldorfluorsomethingmoreseriouslikecancerwhileothersymptomsarepresentthatoftensuggestthetruecause.Evenafteranillnesspassedyou’relikelytofeeldraggedoutforaweekormore.48Takeyourfatigueasasignaltogoslowwhileyourbodyhasachancetorecoverfullyevenifallyouhadwasacold.Pushingyourselftoresumefullactivitytoosoonwillcertainlyprolongyourperiodoffatigue. Emotionalproblemsandconflictsespeciallydepressionandanxietyarebyfarthemostcommoncausesofprolongedfatigue.Whensuchfeelingsarenotexpressedopenlytheyoftencomeoutasphysicalsymptomswithfatigueasoneofthemostcommonmanifestations.49Understandingtheunderlyingemotionalproblemisthecrucialfirststeptowardcuringpsychologicalfatigueandbyitselfoftenresultsinconsiderablelesseningofthetiredness.Professionalpsychologicalhelporcareerormarriagecounselingmaybeneeded. Thereisagreatdealyoucandoonyourowntodealwithbothsevereprolongedfatigueandthoseperiodicwashed-outfeelings.Youmighttrytodomoderateexercise.50Contrarytowhatyoumaythinkexerciseenhancesratherthandrainsengeryandhelpsyoutoresistfatiguebyincreasingyourbody’sabilitytohandlemoreofaworkload.Attheendofadayexercisecanrelieveaccumulatedtensionsgiveyoumoreenergyintheeveningandhelpyousleepmorerestfully. Understandingtheunderlyingemotionalproblemisthecrucialfirststeptowardcuringpsychologicalfatigueandbyitselfoftenresultsinconsiderablelesseningofthetiredness
Eventheirparentsstruggletodrawthetiniesthintofemotionorsocialconnectionfromautistic患孤独症的childrensoimaginewhathappenswhenastrangersitswiththechildforhourstogetthroughthestandardIQtest.For10ofthetest’s12sectionsthechildmustlistenandrespondtospokenquestions.Sinceformanyautisticsitistorturetotrytoengagewithsomeoneevenonthisimpersonallevelit’snowondersomanywindupwithIQscoresjustaboveacarrot’s.Morepreciselyfullythreequartersofautisticsareclassifiedashavingbelow-normalintelligencewithmanydeemedmentallyretarded. ResearchershavetriedadifferentIQtestonethatrequiresnosocialinteraction.AstheyreportinthejournalPsychologicalScienceautisticchildren’sscorescameoutstarklydifferentthanontheoralinteractiveIQtest—suggestingaburningintelligenceinsidethesekidsthateducatorsarefailingtouncover. ForthestudychildrentooktwoIQtests.InthemorewidelyusedWechslertheytriedtoarrangeandcompletepicturesdosimplearithmeticdemonstratevocabularycomprehensionandanswerquestions—almostallinresponsetoastranger’squestions.IntheRaven’sProgressiveMatricestesttheygotbriefinstructionsthenwentoffontheirowntoanalyzethree-by-threearraysofgeometricdesignswithonemissingandchoosethedesignthatbelongedintheemptyplace.Thedisparityinscoreswasstriking.Overalltheautisticsscoredaroundthe30thpercentileontheWechslerwhichcorrespondsto"lowaverage"IQ.Buttheyaveragedinthe56thpercentileontheRaven’s.notasingleautisticchildscoredinthe"highintelligence"rangeontheWechsler;ontheRaven’sonethirddid.Healthychildrenshowednosuchdisparity. Thatpresentsapuzzle.IfmanyautisticsarcmoreintelligentthananIQtestshowswhyhaven’ttheirparentsnoticedPartlybecausemanyparentswelcomealowscorewhichbringstheirchildmorespecialservicesfromschoolsandpublicagencies.Butanotherforceisatwork."Weoftenthinkofintelligenceaswhatyoucanshowsuchasbyspeakingfluently"saysapsychologist."Parentsaswellasprofessionalsmightbebiasedtolookatthat"ratherthandigforthehiddenintellectualspark. Thechallengeistocoaxthatsparkintothekindofintelligencethatmanifestsitselfinpractice.Thatissomethingautismresearchersarefarfromdoing.Manyexpertsdismissautistics’exceptionalreadingartisticorotherabilitiesassideeffectsofabnormalbrainfunction.Theyadviseparentstosteertheirchildawayfromwhatheexcelsatandobsessesoverandtowardwhathestruggleswith.Itmakesyouwonderhowmanyotherchildrenwhoseintellectualpotentialwe’retooblindtoseewe’vealsogivenupon. Whichofthefollowingisnotthereasonwhyparentsareunabletofindthehiddenintelligenceintheirautisticchildren
香港和澳门回归祖国丰富了一国两制的理论和实践这表明
PresidentBushhasonceagainstartedspeakingoutforcomprehensiveimmigrationreformandadraftplantorallyRepublicansenatorsontheissueiscirculatingjustasCongressionalhearingsontheissueapproach.MembersofCongressrecognizethatvotersarelookingforrealreformthatrestsonresoluteeffectiveenforcementofourimmigrationlaws. Theonlyseriouslegislativeproposalonthetableofferssuchenforcementbecauseitfocusesonmakingemployersaccountablefortheirhiringpractices.Tothatendthebillincorporateslessonslearnedfromthelargestimmigrationenforcementoperationeverundertaken.LastDecemberDepartmentofHomelandSecurityagentsdescendedonmeatprocessingplantsrunbySwirl&Companyinsixstatesarrestingmorethan1200unauthorizedworkers. ThearrestswereastonishingbecauseSwiftparticipatesinBasicPilotavoluntaryDepartmentofHomelandSecurityprogramthatallowsemployerstoelectronicallyverifytheworkeligibilityofnewlyhiredworkersagainstdepartmentandSocialSecuritydatabases.Theprogramisseenastheprecursorforaverificationsystemthatwouldbecomemandatorywithcomprehensiveimmigrationreform.SinceSwirlwasusingthedepartment’ssystemhowdiditendupwithillegalworkers TheBasicPilotprogramhasafatalflawwhichisthatitrequiresonlyelectronicverificationofemploymentqualification.Aneffectiveprogramshouldalsoinsistontamper-proofidentificationdocumentsforjob-seekersincorporatingbiometricslikedigitalphotographsandfingerprintstoproveidentity.Onlythenwoulditbepossibletoestablishnotonlythatjobapplicantsareauthorizedtoworkbutalsothattheyarewhotheysaytheyare.OtherwisevalidSocialSecuritynumberscanbepresentedtoemployersandBasicPilotwillverifythembutthenumbersmaynotbelongtotheworkerswhopresentthem. ToinsistonsecuredocumentswithbiometricidentifiersisnotacallforanationalID.Greencardstemporaryworkpermitsandpassportsaresecureandreliableforhiringpurposes.AddingSocialSecuritycardstothislistestablishingasinglestandardfortheirsecurityfeaturesandreplacingoldcardsoveradesignatedperiodwouldresolvetheproblemonanationalscale. Onlythenwouldemployersbeabletocomplyreliablywithverificationrequirementsasthebasisforsoundenforcementandbyextensionbordercontrol.LegalimmigrantsandAmericancitizenscouldprovetheiridentitiesandqualificationstoworkwithoutfacingdiscriminationbasedonappearanceorlanguage.Scarceenforcementresourcescouldbespentonapprehendingrealcriminalsandaddressingnationalsecuritythreats.Andanewsystemofenforcementwouldatlasthaveachancetowinbackpublicconfidenceinthenation’simmigrationpolicies.Aftermorethan20yearsoffailedeffortsCongressmustnotbakehalfaloaf.SecurebiometricSocialSecuritycardsareanessentialingredientinanycomprehensiveimmigrationreform. AccordingtothetexttheBasicPilotprogramcanonlybefullyeffectiveunless
Directions: Inthefollowingarticlesomesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestion41—45choosethemostsuitableonethelistA—Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblank.Thereareextrachoiceswhichdonotfitinanyofthegaps.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.10points Wemightmarvelattheprocessmadeineveryfieldofstudybutthemethodoftestingaperson’sknowledgeandabilityremainasprimitiveasevertheywere.Itreallyisextraordinarythatafteralltheseyearseducationistshavestillfailedtodeviseanythingmoreefficientandreliablethanexaminations. 41.______ Theymaybeagoodmeansoftestingmemoryortheknackofworkingrapidlyunderextremepressurebuttheycantellyounothingaboutaperson’strueabilityandaptitude. 42.______ Yourwholefuturemaybedecidedinonefatefulday.Itdoesn’tmatterthatyouweren’tfeelingverywellorthatyourmotherdied.Littlethingslikethatdon’tcount:theexamgoeson.noonecangiveofhisbestwhenheisinmortalterrororafterasleeplessnightyetthisispreciselywhattheexaminationsystemexpectshimtodo.Themomentachildbeginsschoolheentersaworldofviciouscompetitionwheresuccessandfailureareclearlydefinedandmeasured.Canwewonderattheincreasingnumberof"dropouts":youngpeoplewhoarewrittenoffasutterfailuresbeforetheyhaveevenembarkedonacareerCanwebesurprisedatthesuiciderateamongstudents 43.______ Examinationsdonotmotivateastudenttoreadwidelybuttorestricthisreading;theydonotenablehimtoseekmoreandmoreknowledgebutinducecramming.Theylowerthestandardsofteachingfortheydeprivetheteacherofallfreedom.Teachersthemselvesareoftenjudgedbyexaminationresultsandinsteadofteachingtheirsubjectstheyarereducedtotrainingtheirstudentsinexamtechniqueswhichtheydespise.Themostsuccessfulcandidatesarenotalwaysthebesteducated;theyarebesttrainedinthetechniqueofworkingunderduress. 44.______ Examinersareonlyhuman.Theygettriedandhungry;theymakemistakes.Yettheyhavetomarkstacksofhastilyscrawledscriptsinalimitedamountoftime.Theyworkunderthesamesortofpressureasthecandidates.Andtheirwordcarriesweight.Afterajudge’sdecisionyouhavetherightofappealbutnotafteranexaminer’s. 45.______ IsitcynicaltosuggestthatexaminationsaremerelyaprofitablebusinessfortheinstitutionsthatrunthemThisiswhatitboilsdowntointhelastanalysis.Thebestcommentonthesystemisthisilliteratemessagerecentlyscrawledonawall:"Iwereateenagedrop-outandnowIamateenagemillionaire." [A]Agoodeducationshouldamongotherthingstrainyoutothinkforyourself.Theexaminationsystemdoesanythingbutthat.Whathastobelearntisrigidlylaiddownbyasyllabussothestudentsareencouragedtomemorize. [B]Theresultsonwhichsomuchdependsareoftennothingmorethanasubjectiveassessmentbysomeanonymousexaminer. [C]Examinationscanbetakenasatestofastudent’sknowledgeaboutaparticularsubjectwhichwouldtellthestudentwherehestandsamongothersandhowmuchheknowsandhowmuchheoughttoknow. [D]Asanxiety-makersexaminationsaresecondtonone.Thatisbecausesomuchdependsonthem.Theyarethemarkofsuccessorfailureinoursociety. [E]Thestudentappearingfortheexamtakesitunderextremetensionandpressurebecauseheknowsthathehasonlyonechancetoprovehisworthandifhefailshewillbeleftbehindfortherestofhislife. [F]Forallthepiousclaimthatexaminationstestwhatyouknowitiscommonknowledgethattheymoreoftendotheexactopposite. [G]Theremustsurelybemanysimplerandmoreeffectivewaysofassessingaperson’strueabilities. 43
Eventheirparentsstruggletodrawthetiniesthintofemotionorsocialconnectionfromautistic患孤独症的childrensoimaginewhathappenswhenastrangersitswiththechildforhourstogetthroughthestandardIQtest.For10ofthetest’s12sectionsthechildmustlistenandrespondtospokenquestions.Sinceformanyautisticsitistorturetotrytoengagewithsomeoneevenonthisimpersonallevelit’snowondersomanywindupwithIQscoresjustaboveacarrot’s.Morepreciselyfullythreequartersofautisticsareclassifiedashavingbelow-normalintelligencewithmanydeemedmentallyretarded. ResearchershavetriedadifferentIQtestonethatrequiresnosocialinteraction.AstheyreportinthejournalPsychologicalScienceautisticchildren’sscorescameoutstarklydifferentthanontheoralinteractiveIQtest—suggestingaburningintelligenceinsidethesekidsthateducatorsarefailingtouncover. ForthestudychildrentooktwoIQtests.InthemorewidelyusedWechslertheytriedtoarrangeandcompletepicturesdosimplearithmeticdemonstratevocabularycomprehensionandanswerquestions—almostallinresponsetoastranger’squestions.IntheRaven’sProgressiveMatricestesttheygotbriefinstructionsthenwentoffontheirowntoanalyzethree-by-threearraysofgeometricdesignswithonemissingandchoosethedesignthatbelongedintheemptyplace.Thedisparityinscoreswasstriking.Overalltheautisticsscoredaroundthe30thpercentileontheWechslerwhichcorrespondsto"lowaverage"IQ.Buttheyaveragedinthe56thpercentileontheRaven’s.notasingleautisticchildscoredinthe"highintelligence"rangeontheWechsler;ontheRaven’sonethirddid.Healthychildrenshowednosuchdisparity. Thatpresentsapuzzle.IfmanyautisticsarcmoreintelligentthananIQtestshowswhyhaven’ttheirparentsnoticedPartlybecausemanyparentswelcomealowscorewhichbringstheirchildmorespecialservicesfromschoolsandpublicagencies.Butanotherforceisatwork."Weoftenthinkofintelligenceaswhatyoucanshowsuchasbyspeakingfluently"saysapsychologist."Parentsaswellasprofessionalsmightbebiasedtolookatthat"ratherthandigforthehiddenintellectualspark. Thechallengeistocoaxthatsparkintothekindofintelligencethatmanifestsitselfinpractice.Thatissomethingautismresearchersarefarfromdoing.Manyexpertsdismissautistics’exceptionalreadingartisticorotherabilitiesassideeffectsofabnormalbrainfunction.Theyadviseparentstosteertheirchildawayfromwhatheexcelsatandobsessesoverandtowardwhathestruggleswith.Itmakesyouwonderhowmanyotherchildrenwhoseintellectualpotentialwe’retooblindtoseewe’vealsogivenupon. AutisticchildrenalwaysgetlowerscoresinIQteststhanotherchildrenbecause
Directions: ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.10pointsFatigueisoneofthemostcommoncomplaintsbroughttodoctorsfriendsandrelatives.You’dthinkinthiseraoflabor-savingandconvenienttransportationthatfewpeoplewouldhavereasontobesotired.Thecausesofmodern-dayfatiguearediverseandonlyrarelyrelatedtoexcessivephysicalexertion.Todayphysiciansreporttirednessismorelikelyaconsequenceofunderexercisethanofwearingyourselfdownwithoveractivity. Physicalfatigueisthewell-knownresultofoverworkingyourmuscles.46Physicalfatigueisusuallyapleasanttirednesssuchasthatwhichyoumightexperienceafterplayingahardsetoftennischoppingwoodorclimbingamountain.Thecureissimpleandfast:Yourestgivingyourbodyachancetogetridofaccumulatedwasteandrestoremusclefuel. 47Illnessinducedfatigueisawarningsignorconsequenceofsomeunderlyingphysicaldisorderperhapsthecommoncoldorfluorsomethingmoreseriouslikecancerwhileothersymptomsarepresentthatoftensuggestthetruecause.Evenafteranillnesspassedyou’relikelytofeeldraggedoutforaweekormore.48Takeyourfatigueasasignaltogoslowwhileyourbodyhasachancetorecoverfullyevenifallyouhadwasacold.Pushingyourselftoresumefullactivitytoosoonwillcertainlyprolongyourperiodoffatigue. Emotionalproblemsandconflictsespeciallydepressionandanxietyarebyfarthemostcommoncausesofprolongedfatigue.Whensuchfeelingsarenotexpressedopenlytheyoftencomeoutasphysicalsymptomswithfatigueasoneofthemostcommonmanifestations.49Understandingtheunderlyingemotionalproblemisthecrucialfirststeptowardcuringpsychologicalfatigueandbyitselfoftenresultsinconsiderablelesseningofthetiredness.Professionalpsychologicalhelporcareerormarriagecounselingmaybeneeded. Thereisagreatdealyoucandoonyourowntodealwithbothsevereprolongedfatigueandthoseperiodicwashed-outfeelings.Youmighttrytodomoderateexercise.50Contrarytowhatyoumaythinkexerciseenhancesratherthandrainsengeryandhelpsyoutoresistfatiguebyincreasingyourbody’sabilitytohandlemoreofaworkload.Attheendofadayexercisecanrelieveaccumulatedtensionsgiveyoumoreenergyintheeveningandhelpyousleepmorerestfully. Illnessinducedfatigueisawarningsignorconsequenceofsomeunderlyingphysicaldisorderperhapsthecommoncoldorfluorsomethingmoreseriouslikecancerwhileothersymptomsarepresentthatoftensuggestthetruecause.
Eventheirparentsstruggletodrawthetiniesthintofemotionorsocialconnectionfromautistic患孤独症的childrensoimaginewhathappenswhenastrangersitswiththechildforhourstogetthroughthestandardIQtest.For10ofthetest’s12sectionsthechildmustlistenandrespondtospokenquestions.Sinceformanyautisticsitistorturetotrytoengagewithsomeoneevenonthisimpersonallevelit’snowondersomanywindupwithIQscoresjustaboveacarrot’s.Morepreciselyfullythreequartersofautisticsareclassifiedashavingbelow-normalintelligencewithmanydeemedmentallyretarded. ResearchershavetriedadifferentIQtestonethatrequiresnosocialinteraction.AstheyreportinthejournalPsychologicalScienceautisticchildren’sscorescameoutstarklydifferentthanontheoralinteractiveIQtest—suggestingaburningintelligenceinsidethesekidsthateducatorsarefailingtouncover. ForthestudychildrentooktwoIQtests.InthemorewidelyusedWechslertheytriedtoarrangeandcompletepicturesdosimplearithmeticdemonstratevocabularycomprehensionandanswerquestions—almostallinresponsetoastranger’squestions.IntheRaven’sProgressiveMatricestesttheygotbriefinstructionsthenwentoffontheirowntoanalyzethree-by-threearraysofgeometricdesignswithonemissingandchoosethedesignthatbelongedintheemptyplace.Thedisparityinscoreswasstriking.Overalltheautisticsscoredaroundthe30thpercentileontheWechslerwhichcorrespondsto"lowaverage"IQ.Buttheyaveragedinthe56thpercentileontheRaven’s.notasingleautisticchildscoredinthe"highintelligence"rangeontheWechsler;ontheRaven’sonethirddid.Healthychildrenshowednosuchdisparity. Thatpresentsapuzzle.IfmanyautisticsarcmoreintelligentthananIQtestshowswhyhaven’ttheirparentsnoticedPartlybecausemanyparentswelcomealowscorewhichbringstheirchildmorespecialservicesfromschoolsandpublicagencies.Butanotherforceisatwork."Weoftenthinkofintelligenceaswhatyoucanshowsuchasbyspeakingfluently"saysapsychologist."Parentsaswellasprofessionalsmightbebiasedtolookatthat"ratherthandigforthehiddenintellectualspark. Thechallengeistocoaxthatsparkintothekindofintelligencethatmanifestsitselfinpractice.Thatissomethingautismresearchersarefarfromdoing.Manyexpertsdismissautistics’exceptionalreadingartisticorotherabilitiesassideeffectsofabnormalbrainfunction.Theyadviseparentstosteertheirchildawayfromwhatheexcelsatandobsessesoverandtowardwhathestruggleswith.Itmakesyouwonderhowmanyotherchildrenwhoseintellectualpotentialwe’retooblindtoseewe’vealsogivenupon. Whichofthefollowingconflictswithwhatthetextconveys
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