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Today, roller skating is easy and fun. But many years ago, it wasn’t easy at all. Before 1750, peopl...
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Whilemanymodernformsofcommunicationlikephonecallse-mailsandlettersareextremelyconvenientinmyopinionnothingbeatsspeakingtoanotherpersonfacetofacE.Thefirstandmostobviousadvantagethataface-to-facecommunicationhasoveraletterande-mailisthatthereistheabilitytointeractivelyconversE.Ifthesenderofaletteroranemaildoesnotwriteclearlythenmuchtimemustbespentinclearingupthemisunderstanding.Inaface-to-faceconversationmisunderstandingsareeasilydealtwithbecauseoftheinteractivenatureofit.Iwouldstillarguethattheface-to-faceconversationisbetterbecauseyoucanseetheotherperson.Notallcommunicationisverbal;themeaningofmuchofwhatwesaydependsonourbodylanguageandthetoneofvoicE.Jokingandironyareparticularlydifficulttoexpressandenjoywithoutseeingtheexpressiononsomeone’sfaceorwatchingthemovementsoftheirbody.Finallyifthegoalofcommunicationistomaintainordeepentherelationshipwithsomeonetheface-to-facecommunicationoffersthechoiceofcommunicationbytouchevenifwecouldcommunicatebythevideo.TrustandrespectbetweenbusinesspartnerscanbeestablishedwithafirmhandshakE.NoamountofbodylanguagecanconveytheexcitementofahighfivebetweenfriendsandnonumberofwordscancommunicatethecomfortingembraceofalovedonE.TouchisthefirstbasicmethodofourhumanrelationshipbeforespokenlanguageanditisonlyavailablewhenpeoplecommunicatefacetofacE.56.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.Howtocommunicatemoreeffectively.B.TheimportanceofusingbodylanguageincommunicationC.Face-to-facecommunicationthebestwayofcommunicatingD.Comparisonofdifferentcommunicationforms57.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueinthepassage?A.A.letterore-mailisalwayswrittenunclearly.B.BusinesspartnerscanshowtrustthroughafirmhandshakE.C.Duringaconversationbodylanguageisalsoimportant.D.Theface-to-faceconversationisawayofcommunication.58.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsformsofcommunicationis.A.Modernformsofcommunicationlikephonecallsande-mailsareextremelyconvenient.B.TraditionalwaysofcommunicationareoutofdateandshouldfallintodisusE.C.Face-to-facecommunicationcanonlybeusedamongstrangers.D.Face-to-facecommunicationhasadvantagesovertheotherwaysofcommunication.59.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordmaitaininlastparagraphmean?A.keepB.standC.destroyD.reduce
InBritainarrangementsforinvitingandentertainingguestsataweddingareusuallytheresponsibilityofthebride'sfamily.Inmostcasesitismainlyfriendsandrelationsofbothfamilieswhoareinvitedbutwhenbride'sfatherisabusinessmanofsomekindtheweddingreceptionmayprovideausefuloccasionforestablishingsocialconnectionswithclientsorcustomersandotherpeoplewhosegoodwillmaybeofadvantagetohim.itishoweverthebride'smotherwhohasthejobofsendingouttheformalprintedinvitationcards.Inthecaseofachurchweddingthevicarofeachparish教区inwhichthebrideandbridegroomliveisnormallyinformedaboutamonthinadvanceoftheceremonysothatanannouncementofthecomingweddingcanbemadeinchurchoneachofthreeSundaysbeforeittakesplacE.Anyonewhomayknowofanexistingmarriageofeitherpartnerisorderedtogiveinformationthoughthismeansofavoidingbigamymusthavebeenmoreeffectiveinthedayswhenpeopleattendthereligiousserviceandthebrideusuallywearsthetraditionallongwhitedressandveilwhileherbridesmaidswhoarechildrenwearlongdressesinattractivecolors.Thismayalsohappeninthecaseofacivilweddinginaregisterofficebutisprobablylessusual.Thereceptionwhichfollowsmaybeheldinarestaurantalocalhallorwhentherearefewguestsinthebride’sownhomE.Refreshmentsareprovidedaspecialicedwedding-cakeiscutusuallytotheaccompanimentofspeechesanddistributedtothegueststoastsaredrunkanddancingmayfollow.AtsomepointinthecelebrationsthebridegoesofftochangeintoeverydayclothesandthenleavesthepartywithherhusbandtogoontheirhoneymoonthejourneytheywillmaketogetherofteninromanticsurroundingabroaD.Itisthebride'sparentswhonormallyhaveto________.A.makeallthearrangementsfortheweddingB.providehospitalityforthepeopleattendingC.decidewhoshallbeinvitedD.payallexpensesinvolvedWhatpossibledifferenceissuggestedbetweenachurchandacivilwedding?A.Civilweddingsarelesscommonlyfollowedbyareception.B.Itislessusualforgueststoattendthecivilweddingformalities.C.GuestsatcivilweddingsarelessformallydresseD.D.Therecouldbelessattentionpaidatthelattertoconventionandpicturesqueeffect.Thereceptionnormallytakesplaceinthebride’shomeif________.A.thisisalargeonE.B.thereisenoughroomtoentertainthepeopleinviteD.C.theparentscannotaffordtohireahall.D.thereistobenopartyafterwards.Thecoupleleavefortheirhoneymoon________.A.afterthechurchorregisterofficeceremonyB.immediatelyafterthecakehasbeencutandthespeechesmadeC.attheendofthereceptionD.assoonasthebrideisready
BrazilhasbecomeonE.ofthedevelopingworld’sgreatsuccessesatreducingpopulationgrowthbutmorebyaccidentthandesign.WhilecountriessuchasIndiahavemadejointef??fortstoreducebirthratesBrazilhadbetterresultswithoutre??allytryingsaysGeorgeMartineatHarvarD.Brazil’spopulationgrowthratedroppedfrom2.99%ayearbetween1951and1960to1.93%ayearbetween198land1990andBrazilianwomennowhaveonly2.7chil??drenonaveragE.Martinesaysthisfiguremayhavefallenstillfurthersince1990anachievementthatmakesittheenvyofmanyotherThirdWorldcountries.Martineputsitdowntoamongotherthingssoapoperas肥皂剧andinstallment分期付款plansintroducedinthe1970s.Bothplayedanimportantalthoughindirectroleinlow??eringthebirthratE.Brazilisoneoftheworld’sbiggestproduc??ersofsoapoperas.GloboBrazil’smostpopulartelevisionnet??workshowsthreehoursofsoapssixnightsaweekwhilethreeothersshowatleastonehouranight.Mostsoapsarebasedonwealthycharacterslivingthehighlifeinbigcities.Althoughtheyhaveneverreallytriedtoworkinames??sagetowardstheproblemsofreproductiontheydescribemid??dleandupperclassvalues:notmanychildrenwomenwork??ingsaysMartinE.TheysentthisimagetoallpartsofBrazilandmadepeopleconscious有意识的ofotherpatternsofbehaviourandothervalueswhichwereputintoaveryattrac??tivepackagE.Meanwhiletheinstallmentplanstriedtoencouragethepoortobecomeconsumers.Thisledtoanenormouschangeinconsumption消费patternsandconsumptionwasincom??patible不相容的withunlimitedreproductionsaysMar??tinE.accordingtothepassageBrazilhaslowereditspopulationgrowth________.A.byeducatingitscitizensB.bycarefulfamilyplanningC.bydevelopingTVprogrammesD.bychanceaccordingtothepassagemanyThirdWorldcountriesA.haven’tgivenmuchattentiontobirthcontrolB.wouldsoonjoinBrazilincontrollingtheirbirthrateC.haven’tyetfoundaneffectivemeasuretocontroltheirpopulationD.haven’trealizedtheimportanceofTVplaysinfamilyplanningSoapoperashavehelpedinloweringBrazil’sbirthratebe??cause________.A.theykeeppeoplesittinglonghourswatchingTVB.theyhavegraduallychangedpeople’swayoflifeC.peoplearedrawntotheirattractivepackageD.theypopularizebirthcontrolmeasuresWhatisMartine’sconclusionaboutBrazil’spopulationgrowth?A.Theincreaseinbirthratewillincreaseconsumption.B.ThedesireforconsumptionhelpstoreducebirthratE.C.Consumptiongoeswithreproduction.D.A.country‘sproductionislimitedbyitspopulationgrowth.
Around55％ofpeopleaged18—34inSpainarestilllivingintheirparents’homes.TheSpanishGovernmentissoworriedthatithasdecidedtohelpthemleavethenest.TopersuadeyoungpeopletoleavetheirhomestheYouthInstitutestartedaYouthEmancipation解放programthismonthwhichoffersguidanceinfindingroomsandjobs.Economistssayyoungpeople’sfamilydependenceiscausedbyjob-lossandtheincreasinghousingprices.Culturalreasonsalsoleadtotheproblemsaysociologists.FamilytiesinsouthEurope-ItalyPortugalandGreece-arestrongerthanthoseinmiddleandnorthEuropeforexampleFinlanD.InSpainespeciallyinthecountrysideitiscommontofindentiregroupsofauntsunclescousinsniecesandnephewsalllivingonthesamestreet.TheyregularlygettogetherforSundaydinner.Parents’tolerance宽容isanotherreason.Spanishparentsacceptlate-nightpartyingandarecarefulofsettingbedtimerules.Achildcanarrivehomeatwhatevertimehewants.Ifparentsaredissatisfiedwithhimhe’llputupabigfightandcallthefatheraFascist法西斯asociologistatCarlosUniversityinMadridsaiD.Mothers’willingnesstodoeverythingforchildrenworsenstheproblem.DionisioMassoa60-year-oldwomaninMadridhasthreechildrenintheir20s.Theeldest28hasagirlfriendandajoB.ButlifewithmumisgooD.HismumdoesthewashandcooksforhimintheendheliveswellMassosaiD.68.TheYouthEmancipationprogramaimsathelpingyoungpeople_________.A.fightforfreedomB.liveontheirownC.fightagainstFascismD.getridoffamilycontrol69.AccordingtothepassagefamilytiesarestrongerinPortugalthanin________.A.FinlandB.GreeceC.SpainD.Italy70.Thefollowingarethereasonsforyoungpeople’sfamilydependenceEXCEPT_____A.parent’stoleranceB.culturaltraditionsC.housingproblemsD.unwillingnesstogelmarried71.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueofDinoisioMasso?A.Sheisinhersixties.B.ShelivesinMadriD.C.Shehasatleastoneson.D.ShehasalleasylifE.
第三部分阅读理解第一节20小题第二节5小题每小题2分满分50分阅读下列短文从每题所给的四个选项A.B.C和D中选出最佳选项并在答题纸上将该选项标号涂黑Whenwethinkaboutgivinghelptodevelopingcountriesweoftenthinkaboutgivingmoneysothatthesecountriescanbuildschoolsandhospitalsbuyfoodandmedicineorfindcleanwatersupplies.Theseseemtobemostimportantbasicneedsofthepeoplewearetryingtohelp.Howeverit'sfarfromenough.Wehavetocomeupwith想出somebetterideastohelpthem.IwasverysurprisedthenwhenIreadaboutaplantomakecheaplaptopcomputersforchildrenindevelopingcountries.AmancalledNicholasNegroponteinventedacheaplaptopcomputerwhichcanrunwithoutelectricity.HedecidedtoinventthiscomputerafterhevisitedaschoolinCambodiA.ThelaptopwhichMr.Negropontehasdesignedisalittledifferentfromthenormallaptopcomputersyoucanbuyinshops.Onedifferenceisthatitwillbecoveredinrubber橡皮橡胶sothatitisverystrongandwon'tbedamagedeasily.Aselectricitysupplycanbeaproblemindevelopingcountriesthecomputeralsohasaspecialhandle手柄sothatchildrencanwind转动thecomputeruptogiveitextrapowerwhenneedeD.Thesespeciallaptopcomputerswillcostlessthan$100andMr.Negropontewantstobuildasmanyas15millionmachinesinthefirstyearofproduction.Theideaisthatthesecomputerswillhelpthechildren'seducationastheywillbeabletoaccesstheInternet.Thesecomputersmightnothelpthepeopleindevelopingcountriesimmediatelybutbyimprovingchildren'seducationtheyshouldhelppeopletofindtheirownsolutionstotheirproblemsinthelongterm.Anotherideatohelpchildrenindevelopingcountriesistorecycleoldmobilephonessothattheycanbeusedagain.IntheUKandprobablyinmanyothercountriestoomillionsofmobilephonesarethrownawayeveryyear.Thewastecreatedbythrowingawaytheseoldphonesisverybadfortheenvironmentsoitseemstobeanexcellentideatorecyclethem.InthiswayweshallbeabletoachievetwoimportantgoalsatthesametimE.Wewillreducethewasteweproduceandhelpothers.Inotherwordswewillbeabletokilltwobirdswithonestoneandthatisalwaysagoodthing.56.It'sanexcellentideatorecycleoldmobilephonesbecause_______.A.itreduceswasteandcanhelpothersB.itpreventswasteandcanearnlotsofmoneyC.itcansendthewasteproducedbydevelopedcountriestoothercountriesD.itisgoodfortheenvironmentandveryeducativeforphoneusers57.TheauthorgivestheexampleofMr.Negroponte'scheapcomputers_______.A.toshowwhathightechcanbringus.B.toillustratethekindnessofpeopleinthedevelopedcountriesC.toshowhowtofindbusinessopportunitiesindevelopingcountriesD.togiveanexampleofhowtohelpdevelopingcountries58.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaboutMr.Negroponte'scheapcomputers?A.Hiscomputersdon’tneedanypowertofunctionwell.B.Hiscomputersarecoveredwithrubbersothattheyareverycheap.C.Hiscomputerswillhelpchildrenindevelopingcountriestohavebettereducation.D.Hiscomputerswillhelppeopleindevelopingcountriestofindallthesolutions.59.Whichofthefollowingcanbeusedoreplacetheunderlinedwordinparagraph３A.blowB.turnC.pushD.lift60.Wheredoesthispassageprobablycomefrom?A.A.magazineB.A.newspaperC.A.lectureD.Anadvertisement
IV.阅读理解共15小题;每小题2分满分30分阅读下列短文从每题所给的四个选项A.B.C和D中选出最佳选项并在答题卡上将该项涂黑ATheprivateautomobile私家车haslongplayedanimportantroleintheUnitedStates.InfactithasbecomeanecessaryandimportantpartoftheAmericanwayoflifE.In1986sixty-ninepercentofAmericanfamiliesownedatleastonecarandthirty-eightpercenthadmorethanonE.Bygivingworkersrapidtransportationtheautomobilehasfreedthemfromhavingtoliveneartheirplaceofwork.Thishasencouragedthegrowthofthecitiesbutithasalsoledtotrafficproblems.Forfarmfamiliestheautomobileisveryhelpful.Ithasmadeitpossibleforthemtotraveltotownveryoftenforbusinessandforpleasureandalsototransporttheirchildrentodistantschools.Familylifehasbeenaffectedinvariousways.Thecarhelpstokeepfamiliestogetherwhenitisusedforpicnicsoutingsandothersharedexperiences.Howeverwhenteenagechildrenhavetheuseofthecartheirparentscan’tkeepaneyeonthem.Thereisagreatdangerifthedriverhasbeendrinkingalcoholortakingdrugs—orisshowingoffbyspeedingorbreakingothertrafficlaws.Mothersofvictims受害者ofsuchaccidentshaveformedanorganizationcalledMADDMothersAgainstDrunkDriving.Thesewomenwanttopreventfurthertragedies悲剧.TheyhaveworkedtoencouragethegovernmenttolimittheyoungestdrinkingagE.StudentshaveformedasimilarorganizationSADDStudentsAgainstDrunkDrivingandarespreadingthesamemessageamongtheirfriends.FormanyAmericanstheautomobileisanecessity.Butforsomeitisalsoamarkofsocialpositionandforyoungpeopleasignofbecominganadult.AltogethercarsmeanverymuchtoAmericans.56.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthetext?A.Carshaveencouragedthegrowthofthecities.B.Carscanbringfamiliestogetherwhentheygoforpicnics.C.Carshaveenabledpeopletolivefarfromtheirplaceofwork.D.Carshelpcityfamiliestotransporttheirchildrentofarawayschools.57.Whathasbeendonetodealwiththeproblemofdrunkdriving?A.Parentshavepaidmoreattentiontotheirchildren.B.Someorganizationshavebeensetupagainstdrunkdriving.C.Mothershavetriedtopersuadetheirchildrennottodrinkalcohol.D.Universitystudentshaveaskedthegovernmenttosolvetheproblem.58.Wecaninferfromthetextthat__________inAmericA.A.itwillbemoredifficultforpeopletogetnewcars.B.parentswillnotallowtheirchildrentohavetheirowncars.C.thegovernmentwillencouragepeopletousepublictransportation.D.carswillstillbepopularthoughtheyhavecausedmanyproblems.
Thenewstudiesshowthatfewerthanhalfofthe9thgradersinmanyofthenation’slargestcitiescanevergraduatE.Thestudiesclearlyshowthatthedropoutrateisn’tdropping.Andinparticularthedropoutrateisn’tdroppingforpoorandminoritystudents.Amazinglythoughsomanyregrettherisingdropoutrateourschoolscontinuetolackformalplans--oranyplans--toteachstudentsmotivation动机.Mostschoolshavenogameplantoensurethatstudentsunderstandthatschoolwillbecompletelynecessary.Schoolsexpectyouthandchildrentoactasthoughschoolisimportantbuttheyneverteachthemtobelievethat.Yearsagofamiliesensuredthattheoffspringrecognizedthevalueofschool.Butinmanymodernfamiliesthechildrenmayfailtorecognizetheimportanceofschoollifejustbecausethesefamiliesmayactuallytellthechildthatschoolisnotimportant.Sincemanyfamiliesarenotmotivatingtheirchildrentobeinterestedstudentsyouthprofessionalsliketeachersmayneedtoprovidethistraining.Otherwiseitislikelythedropoutratewillcontinuenottodropbutonlyworsen.Herearesomestrategiestoconvinceeventhemostapathetic无动于衷的studentsthattheymuststayinschool.Askstudentsiftheywilleverneedtowork:TheworldhaschangeD.100yearsagofactoryworkwastheboomingjobanditrequirednoeducation.TodayfactoriesareincreasinglyautomateD.Mostcomputer-relatedjobsrequireeducationandatleastahighschooldiplomA.Askstudentswhichcenturytheywillbepreparedfor:In1900themostcommonjobswerefarmlaboreranddomesticservant—educationnotneedeD.Nowthemostcommonjobsareofficeandsalesworker—educationanddiplomausuallyneedeD.Anamazing6outof10peopletodayworkinastoreorofficE.AskstudentstodeviseawaythattheemployeecouldbereplaceD.Forexamplethecomingtrendinfastfoodistousecomputersratherthanpeopletoruntherestaurant.A.prototypeisapparentlyalreadybeingtesteD.Thestudentsshoulddiscoverthatmostjobsthatlackeducationanddiplomarequirementsmayberipeforautomation.WhatdoestheunderlinedpartmeaninParagraph1?A.Fewstudentscanaffordtogotoschoolinlargecities.B.A.largenumberofthe9thgradescangraduatenow.C.Therearestillquiteafew9thgradersleavingschoolearly.D.Mostschoolsinlargecitieshavefewerandfewerstudents.Withoutthehelpofyouthprofessionals_____.A.moreandmorefamilieswillgraduallyrecognizethevalueofschool.B.someparentswillbemoreconvincedoftheirchildren’sfuturE.C.itislikelythatthedropoutrateinschoolswon’tcontinuetodrop.D.theschoolswillmakeproperplanstosolvetheproblemswithdropout.Theauthortakesfactoryworkforexamplemainlyto______.A.tellusthatmanyjobsrequirescertaineducationinthepastB.showthattherearemorefactoryworkandemploymentinmodernsocietyC.showthatemploymentinthecomputerfieldgrowsatahighrateD.emphasizethatmodernjobsrequireeducationandschoolsarenecessaryItcanbeinferredthat______.A.bothschoolsandfamiliesshouldanswerforthehighdropoutrateB.manynewjobsdon’tneedchildren’shighschooldiplomaC.workinginastoredoesn’trequireahighschooldiplomaD.mostschoolsarereadytohelpstudentsrecognizetheimportanceofstudyIfstudentsplaytheReplaceMegametheresultwouldbe______.A.Theywillknowthattheycan‘always’dowithoutadiplomaB.MoreofthemwilldropoutearlytogotoworkC.TheywilldiscoverthatlackeducationisadisadvantageinchoosingjobsD.Theywillbecomebetteratusingcomputerstohuntforajob
EveryyeartherearehundredsofearthquakesindifferentpartsoftheworlD.InSeptember1923TokyoandYokohamawerebothdestroyedbyanearthquakeandthefiresthatfollowedit.Theyhadtobecompletelyrebuilt.OneofthemostseriousearthquakeswasinChina’sShanxiprovincein1556.ItkilledalmostonemillionpeoplE.Wemeasureanearthquake’sstrengthontheRichterScalE.TheRichterScalewasintroducedin1935inSouthernCaliforniaintheUSA.Itmeasuresearthquakesonascaleofonetoten.Anyearthquakemeasuringfiveormoreisusuallyserious.TheEarth’scrust地壳ismadeupofrockcalledplates.AstheseplatesmovetheysometimescrashagainsteachothercausingthecrusttoquakE.IncitiessuchasTokyowheresmallquakeshappenquiteoftenmanymodernbuildingsaredesignedtobeflexiblesowhentheEarthmovestheymovewithit.Earthquakescanalsobreakupgasandoilpipes.Thiscancausefirestobreakoutwhichcandoasmuchdamageastheearthquakeitself.Anothereffectofearthquakesistsunamis.ThesearehugewavescreatedbyearthquakesbeneaththeseA.TheycanbemanymetershighandcausegreatdamagetocoastaltownsandcitiesChinaJapanRussiaandtheUSAhavethehighestoccurrence发生ofearthquakesintheworlD.Thepassageismainlyabout.A.scientistswhostudyearthquakesB.thewayofmeasuringearthquakesC.ausualnaturaldisasterD.whatpeopleshoulddointheearthquakeTheearthquakeinShanxiProvincewhichinNOTtrue?A.happenedin1556B.killedonemillionpeopleC.wastheonlyearthquakeinChinaD.causedalotofdamageEarthquakesA.don’tcausemuchdamageB.arenotseriousC.mostpossiblyhappeninJapanD.happenallovertheworldAccordingtothepassageweknowthattsunamis.A.cancauseearthquakesB.arecausedbyearthquakesC.onlyhappenonlandD.areawayofmeasuringearthquakes
Shanghai:Carrentals出租arebecomingmoreandmorepopularasaninexpensivewayoftakingtotheroads.Businesspeopleforeignersandfamiliesalikearemakinggooduseofthegrowingindustry.ThefirstcarrentalfirmopenedinShanghaiin1992andnow12carrentalplayersareinthegamewithmorethan11500carsintheirbooks.Thelargestplayer-ShanghaiBashiTourismCarRentalCenteroffersawidevarietyofchoices-deluxesedansminivansstationwagonscoaches.SantanasedansarethebigfavoritE.Firmscanattractenoughcustomersfor70percentoftheircarseverymonth.ThisfigureshootsupduringholidayseasonslikeNationalDayLaborDayandNewYear'sDaywithsomerecording100percentrental.Themajormarketforcerestsinthegrowingpopulationofwhite-collaremployees白领雇员whocanaffordthenewservicesaidZhuangYumarketingmanagerofShanghaiAngelCarRentalCo.56.Thewordsdeluxesedansminivansandstationwagonsusedinthetextreferto______.A.carsinthemakingB.carrentalfirmsC.carsforrentD.carmakers57.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothetext?A.70%ofthecarscanberentedoutonholiday.B.70%ofthecustomersarewhite-collaremployees.C.Morefirmsareopenforserviceduringholidayseasons.D.Somefirmsrentoutalltheircarsduringholidayseasons.58.Shanghai'scarrentalindustryisgrowingsofastmainlydueto______.A.bettercarssuppliedbyproducerB.fastserviceofferedbycarrentalfirmsC.theincreasingnumberofwhite-collaremployeesD.People'sgrowinginterestintravellingduringholidays
DevelopmentallygirlstaketheleaD.Theytalkearlierreadearlierandcountearlier.InpreschooltheyscorehigheronIQteststhantheirmalefellows.TheyusuallyreceivebettergradesinelementaryschoolthanboysyetinpublicschoolsfarmoregiftedboysthangiftedgirlsareidentifiedbythefifthgradE.Girlsbegintogoundergroundwiththeirtalentsandabilitiessometimebetweenthefifthandninthgrades.Traditionalteachertraininghasfocusedontheteachingtoboys’interestsandbehaviorswhichisthoughttohelpkeeporderinclassrooms.Boysmainlyexpressthemselvesbyactingoutdisturbingtheclassroominavarietyofwayswhilegirlsonthecontrarymainlyexpressthemselvesbyactinginbecomingsilentwithdrawnandnon-participativE.Onewaytocontrolboyswastobesurethattheywerecontributing---thereforeteachershavetraditionallycalledonboysmoreoftenthangirls.BoysandgirlscometoverydifferentconclusionsaboutthemselvesevenwhenthedataonwhichtheybasetheirdecisionsarethesamE.ResearchshowsthatboysaremorewillingtoacceptsuccessandbepraisedfortheiraccomplishmentsthangirlsarE.Adultseventeachersoftenhavedifferentexpectationsofboysandgirlsespeciallyintheareaofmathematicalachievement.Accordingtothepassageinelementaryschoolaschoolgirlthanaschoolboy.A.isbetteratsportsB.getshighergradesC.islesstalkativeD.ismoretroublesomeGenerallyaschoolmastertraditionallypaysmoreattentiontoboysbecause.A.theyaremoregiftedthangirlsB.theyarenotgoodatexpressingthemselvesC.theyaremorelikelytomaketroubleD.theyoftenbullygirlsinclassAccordingtothepassageatraditionalexperiencedteacherwould.A.haveagirlasmonitoroftheclassB.scoldboysfortheirbadbehaviorsC.callongirlsfromtimetotimeD.praiseboysmorefrequently
Mostyoungarchitects—particularlythoseinbigcities—canonlydreamaboutworkinginabuildingoftheirown.AndmakingthatdreamcometrueoftenmeansfindingabuildingnooneelseseemstowantwhichisexactlywhathappenedtoDavidYocumandhisparterBrainBell.Theirbuildingisaformerautomobileelectrical-partsfilminAtlantA.Formtheoutsideitlookstoooldevensomethinghorriblebutopenthedoorandyouareinawideopencourtyardlinedonthreesideswithrusting生锈的walls.In2000YocumandBellfoundthisbuildinginthecity’sWestEnD.Builtin1947thestructurehadbeenabandonedyearsearlierandtheroofofthemainbuildinghadfallendown.ButthepricewasrightsoYocumboughtit.Hespenteightmonthsofhisoff-hoursondemolition排除pullingrubbishoutthroughtheroofbecauseitwastoodangeroustogoinsidethebuilding.Thedemolitionwashardworkbutitgavehimtimetothinkaboutwhathewantedtodoandtotreasurewhatwasthere—thewallstherustthelight.YocumsaiD.Everyseasonmorepaintfallsoffthewallsandmorerustdevelops.It’slikeanartinstallation装置inthere—aslow-motionshow.Sincethebackbuildinghadbeenconstructedwithoutwindowsanall-glassfrontwasaddedtothebuildingtogiveitaviewofthecourtyardandskylightswereinstalledintheroof.ThebackofthebuildingisaworkingareaandalivingroomforYocumandhiswifE.A.sortofbuffer缓冲zonebetweenthefrontandthebackcontainsabathroomakitchenandamechanicalroomandthewallsthatseparatethesezoneshaveopeningsthatallowviewsthroughtothefrontofthestudioandthecourtyardbeyonD.YocumandBellwhohavejustcompletedanartgalleryforthecityfeelthattheexperiencefromthedecorationoftheirbuildingfocusingontheinsideratherthantheoutsidehasinfluencedtheirwork.Ithasalsogiventhesearchitectsachancetoshowhowtheycanmakemoreoutofless.68.Accordingtothepassageitis_______formostyoungarchitectsinbigcitiestoworkinabuildingoftheirown.A.easyB.unnecessaryC.unrealisticD.common69.Yocumboughttheoldbuildingbecause_____.A.itwasabargaintohimB.itwasstillingoodconditionC.itwaslocatedinthecitycenterD.itlookedattractivefromtheoutside70.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatYocumandBell_____.A.benefitedalotfrompullingdowntheroofB.turnedmoreoldbuildingsintoartgalleriesC.gotinspirationfromdecoratingtheiroldbuildingD.paidmoreattentiontotheoutsideoftheartgallery71.Themainideaofthepassageisthat______.A.peoplecanlearnalotfromtheirfailures.B.itisworthwhiletospendmoneyonanoldbuildingC.peopleshouldnotjudgethingsbytheirappearanceD.creativepeoplecanmakethebestofwhattheyhave
DWorkisaveryimportantpartoflifeintheUnitedStates.Americansspendmostoftheirlivesworking.FormostAmericanstheirworkdefinesthem.Theyarewhattheydo.Whathappensthenwhenapersoncannolongerwork?MostAmericansstopworkingattheageofsixty-fiveorseventyandretirE.Becauseworkissuchanimportantpartoflifeinthiscultureretirementcanbeverydifficult.RetireesoftenfeelthattheyareuselessandunproductivE.Ofcoursesomepeoplearehappytoretirebutleavingone’sjobwhateveritisisadifficultchangeevenforthosewholookforwardtoretiring.Retirementcanalsobringfinancialproblems.ManypeopledependonSocialSecuritycheckseverymonth.Duringtheirworkingyearsemployeescontributeacertainpercentageoftheirsalariestothegovernment.WhenpeopleretiretheyreceivethismoneyasincomE.Thesechecksdonotprovideenoughmoneytoliveonhoweverbecausepricesareincreasingveryrapidly.Seniorcitizensthoseoversixty-fivehavetohavesavingsinthebanorotherretirementplanstomakeendsmeet.Therateofinflationisforcingpriceshighereachyear.SocialSecuritychecksalonecannotcoverthesegrowingexpenses.Thegovernmentofferssomeassistancebutmanyseniorcitizenshavetochangetheirlifestylesafterretirement.Theyhavetospendcarefullytobesurethattheycanaffordtobuyfoodfuelandothernecessities.Ofcoursemanyseniorcitizensarehappywiththeirretirement.Theyhavetimetospendwiththeirfamiliesortoenjoytheirhobbies.Somecontinuetoworkparttimeothersdovolunteerwork.SomelikethoseintheRetiredBusinessExecutiveAssociationevenhelpoldpeopletogetstartedinnewbusinesses.ManyretiredcitizensalsobelongtoGoldenAgegroups.Theseorganizationsplantripsandsocialeventstherearemanyotheropportunitiesforretirees.68.Whichofthefollowingcouldbethetitleofthepassage?A.GoldenAgegroupsB.TheAmericanOpinionofWorkC.TheImportanceofWorkinAmericaD.TheProblemsinRetirementinAmerica69.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueabouttheretirees?A.Someretireesfeelhappyastheycanhavemoretimetoenjoythemselves.B.Someretireeshavetobecarefulwiththeirmoneybecauseoftherisingprices.C.SomeretireesliketoworkwithoutbeingpaiD.D.Someretireesfindworkinnewbusinesses.70.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat_______.A.theAmericansshowtheirvaluethroughtheirworkB.theAmericangovernmentpayslittleattentiontothelifeoftheretireesC.theretirees’formeremployersoffersomeassistancetotheretireesD.theAmericanscannotfindmuchtimetotravelbeforetheirretirement71.Whatdoestheparagraphfollowingthepassagemostlikelydiscuss?A.Anexplanationofwhytheretireesfeellost.B.ThedifficultsituationtheretireeshavE.C.Adifferentopinionofthephysicalandemotionalneedsoftheretirees.D.AdescriptionofotheractivitiestheretireescanhavE.
MailwasusuallycarriedwestonshipsthatsailedaroundthebottomofSouthAmericaandthennorthtoCaliforniA.Thatcouldtakeseveralmonths.Soineighteenfifty-sevenD.C.LawmakersinCongress国会inWashingtonwantedtomakeitpossibletosendmailallthewayacrosstheUnitedStatesbylanD.CongressofferedtohelpanycompanythatwouldtrytodelivermailoverlandtotheWestCoast.A.mannamedJohnButterfieldacceptedthisoffer.Hedevelopedplansforacompanythatwouldcarrythemail—andpassengerstoo.CongressgaveJohnButterfieldsixhundredthousanddollarstostarthiscompany.InreturnhehadtopromisethatthemailwouldtravelfromSaintLouisMissouritoSanFranciscoCaliforniaintwenty-fivedaysorless.ItwasnotpossibletotravelstraightthroughbecauseoftheRockyMountainsandthedeepsnowthatfellinwinter.Sothestagecoach马车wouldtravelsouthfromSaintLouistoElPasoTexasthenovertosouthernCaliforniathennorthtoSanFrancisco.Thedistancewasaboutfourthousandfivehundredkilometers.Twohundredofthesestationswerebuilteachaboutthirty-twokilometersapart.Theworkersweretoquicklychangethehorsesormuleswheneverastagecoachreachedthestation.Therecouldbenodelay.Eachstagecoachwastotravelnearlytwohundredkilometersaday.Onehundredstagecoacheswerebuiltandpaintedredordarkgreen.Theywerethemostmoderncoachesthatmoneycouldbuy.Theyweredesignedtoholdasmanyasninepassengersandtwelvethousandpiecesofmail.Theseatsinsidecouldbefoldeddowntomakebeds.Passengerseithersleptonthemoronthebagsofmail.ThecostwouldbeonehundredfiftydollarstotravelfromSaintLouistoSanFrancisco.Ifapassengerwasnotgoingallthewaythecostwasabouttencentsakilometer.Thepassengershadtobuytheirownfoodatthestations.Thestagecoachwouldstopforfortyminutestwotimesaday.Thecompanywarnedpassengersaboutthepossibledangers.A.postersaid:YouwillbetravelingthroughIndiancountryandthesafetyofyourpersoncannotbygrantedbyanyonebutGoD.1.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.DifferentwaysofsendingmailintheUnitedStates.B.ThedifficultyinsendingmailsacrosstheUSAbylanD.C.Thefirststagecoachesthatcarriedbothpassengersandmail.D.ThehistoryofthefirststagecoachescarryingmailtotheAmericanWest.2.ThereasonwhyLawmakerswantedtosendmailbylandwasthat________.A.mailwasusuallycarriedwestonshipsB.itwassafertotraveltosendmailbylandC.itwouldtakelesstimetosendmailbylandD.stagecoachescouldcarrypassengersandmail3.Asisdescribedinthepassagethestagecoach________.A.couldonlystoponceadayB.wasmodernwithseatsbedsandcookingequipmentC.wasaclosedwagonoperatedonlybyskillfuldrivers.D.haddifferenthorsesormulespulledalltheway4.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.JohnButtterfieldgotthousandsofdollarsfordeliveringmailinstagecoaches.B.JohnButtterfieldkepthispromisetodelivermailstraighttotheWestCoast.C.PassengersmightberobbedbyIndianswhentravelingthroughtheWest.D.Passengersneededtopayonehundreddollarsfortheirjourney.
Today’sdriversmayfeelshockedbythehighpriceofpetrolwhentheydrivetothegasstation.Howeverthecarindustryhasthetechnologytosolvetheproblem.It’sthehybridcar混合动力汽车.Whatisahybridcar?Anycarthatusestwoormoresourcesofpowerisahybridcar.Mosthybridcarsontheroadrightnowarepetrol-electrichybrids.Thepetrol-electrichybridcarisjustwhatitsoundslike—acrossbetweenapetrol-poweredcarandanelectriccar.A.gas-poweredcarhasafueltank油箱whichsuppliespetroltotheenginE.Anelectriccarontheotherhandhasasetofbatteriesthatprovideselectricityforthecar.Tobeusefultoyouormeacarshouldbeabletorunatleast300miles483kmbeforerefuelingbecapableof能够beingrefueledquicklyandeasilyandfastenoughtokeepupwiththeothertrafficontheroaD.A.petrolcarmeetstheserequirements要求butproducesalargeamountofpollution.Anelectriccarhoweverproducesalmostnopollutionbutcanonlygo50to100miles80to161kmbetweenrecharging充电.AndtheproblemhasbeenthattheelectriccarisveryslowandinconvenienttorechargE.A.petrol-electriccarcombinestheadvantagesofthetwopowersourcesintoonesystemthatusesbothgaspowerandelectricpower.Someexpertsbelievethatthehybridcaristhenextgenerationofsmartcars.A.hybridcarcangoupto50%furtherthanatraditionalcarcanonthesameamountofgas!Itsavesdriver’smoneyongasandcutsairpollution!WhatdotheunderlinedwordstheprobleminParagraph1referto?A.Thepriceofpetrolgoesupanddown.B.Thegas-poweredcarissoldatahighpricE.C.Thegas-poweredcarcausesairpollution.D.Thepriceofpetrolkeepsgoingup.Howmanysourcesofpowerdomosthybridcarsuse?A.Two.B.ThreE.C.Four.D.Itdepends.Theauthorthinksthatelectriccars_____.A.aresmartvehiclesB.arepopularvehicleC.arenotpracticalD.arenotslowSomeexpertsbelievethatthehybridcarwillhavealargemarketinfuturebecause_____.A.itisjustpoweredbyrenewableenergyB.itsavesmoneyandiseco-friendlyC.itgoesfurtherthanatraditionalcarD.itissafecheapandproducesnoairpollution
ThefamousAmericangorilla大猩猩expertDianeFosseyhadacompletelynewwaytostudygorillas—shepretendedtobeoneofthem.Shecopiedtheiractionsandwayoflife—eatingplantsandgettingdownonherhandsandkneestowalkthewayagorilladoes.Itwasanewrelationship.DianeFosseywasmurderedinRwandain1985andherstorywasmadeintothepopularfilmGorillasintheMist.ItwasalongwayfromKingKongwhichisaboutagorillaasamonsterafrighteninganimalandhelpedtoshowanewidea:therealmonsterismanwhilethegorillaistobeadmireD.Todaytherearethoughttobearound48000lowlandgorillasandmaybe400—450mountaingorillasinthewilD.FromtheCongoinWestAfricatoRwandaandUgandafurthereasttheyareendangeredbyhuntingandbythecuttingdownoftheirforesthomes.SometimeagoIfoundinmyletterboxalittlemagazinefromtheWorldWideFundforNaturE.IthadtwophotossidebysidE.OnewasofayounggorillA.Thisisaspeciesofmammal哺乳类动物saidthewordsbelowit.Itisbeingdestroyedbyman.WemustsaveitforourowngooD.Theotherphotoshowedahumanbaby.ThewordsalsoreadThisisaspeciesofmammalbutthenwenton:Itisthemostdestructive破坏性的onearth.WemustretrainitforitsowngooD.56.Thetextmainlytalksabout_____.A.DianeFosseyB.thegorillasinRwandaC.theprotectionofthegorillasD.thefilmGorillasintheMist57.Wecanlearnfromthetextthat_____.A.GorillasinthemistwasbasedFossey’sexperiencesB.LowlandgorillaslivelongerthanmountaingorillasC.KingKongshowedusthatagorillaisadmirableD.DianeFosseywasmurderedbyagorilla58.Whatmessagecanwegetfromthetwophotosinthemagazine?A.Gorillasareman’sclosefriends.B.BothmanandthegorillaneedtobesaveD.C.Younggorillasareaslovelyashumanbabies.D.ManshouldlivepeacefullywiththegorillA.
DespitebankruptcieslayoffandtightercomsumersspendingafewfemaleledbusinessesinJapanaredevelopingwell.ShizueHamada52setupabusinessin1991witheightotherhousewives-tocarefortheelderlyandthephysicallydisableD.Itwasn’tlongbeforetheTasukeaiYuimutual-aidgroupearnedareputationforitsexcellentservicE.Itnowemploys200staffandhas300millionyuanUS$2.4millioninannualsales.Thewomansaidtheirbusinesshasbeensuccessfulbecausetheyprovidewhatcustomrsreallywant.Theseentrepreneursaremakinguseofarevalizedandhealthydemandforeverydaybasicitems.BreadforinstanceisinhighdemanD.BusinesswomanMeikoTanaka26startedsellinghigh-qualitybreadovertheInternetin2000.BreadischeapshesaiD.Wemighaswelleatthebreadbakedusingthethehighest-qualityingredients.Fivewomen—formerofficeworkersintheirlate20s—havestartedtheOLFoodBureauofInvestigationtoreviewrestaurantsontheInternet.OLmeansyoungofficelady.It’sacommonnicknameinJapan.Businessisincreasingrapidly.Membershipfortheironlinemagazinehasreached26000.Theirnon-professionalcommentsseemtocarryalotofweightwithconsumers.ThismonththefivewomenwillbeappearingonJapaneseTV.Whatallthesefemaleentrepreneurshaveincommonisastrongbeliefintheirlikesanddislikesandconfidenceistheirownsensibilities.Theyfindgapsinthemarketandfillthemwithproductsandservicesthattheylikeorwant.Japanesewomenheadednearly6percentofallbusinessesinJapanattheendofJune—upfrom4.5percentin1999.Thesefemale—ledmicro—businessesareplayinganincreasinglylargeroleintheeconomybypluggingthegapbetweensupplyanddemanD.1.WhentalkingaboutthebusinesswomeninJapanthewriterA.thinkslittleofthemB.thinksthattheywilltaketheplaceofmeninfutureC.singsthepraisesoftheirabilitiesD.isnotsureoftheirfuturedevelopment2.Thepassagemainlydiscusses.A.JapanesewomenB.female-ledbusinessesinJapanC.howtoearnareputationD.Japaneseeconomicdevelopment3.ThefivewomenwillbeappearingonJapaneseTVbecause.A.thiercommentshavegreatinfluencesonconsumersB.theyhavesetupthefirstonlinemagazineC.theyhavearrangedhandredsofjobsforlaidoffworkersD.theyusedtoworkinofficesandarefairlybeautiful4.IfanoldmaninJapancan'tlivebyhimsilfheshouldturntoforhehp.A.TasukeaiYuiB.MeikoTanakaC.OLFoodBureauoflnvestigationD.entrepreneurs
Whydo33%ofthehouseholdsintheUSAhavecats?Andhowdoyouexplainwhythereare16millionmorepetcatsthandogs?Yeskittensareadorable讨人喜欢的.Yestheycangrowuptobegoodmousersandareveryentertainingtowatch.Andyescatsareindependentanddon'trequireasmuchcareasdogs.Butresearchshowscatscanalsobecaretakersforusandourfamiliesimproveourhealthandteachusandourchildrentobekindergentlersouls.TheodoraWesselmanis94andhaslivedthepasttwoyearswithherelderlycatCleoatTigerPlacearetirementcommunityinColumbiaMo.Theirenduringfriendshipisaclassicexampleofhowhumansandanimalscanbecomefamilyandlookoutforeachother.WesselmanvisitsotherresidentsandherchildrenstopbybutCleoisherbestfriendshesays.They'vebeentogethernearly21years.ShesleepsonherownpillowrightbesidemineWesselmansays.Inthemorningshepecksonmycheektowakemeup.It'sreallysweet.IpethertellherIloveherandtakehertothekitchentoprepareherfooD.Researchshowsthatbeingabletocareforapetimprovesourmorale士气;精神状态helpsvalidateusandencouragesustotakecareofourselvessaysRebeccaJohnsondirectoroftheUniversityofMissouri'sResearchCenterforHuman-AnimalInteraction.Thebodyofresearchisleadingmoreretirementcommunitiesanduniversitiestorolloutthewelcomematforpets.AccordingtothecontextwheredoyouthinkthesentenceTheystartandendthedaytogethershouldappearinthepassage?A.BetweenparA.1andparA.2B.BetweenparA.2andparA.3C.BetweenparA.3andparA.4D.BetweenparA.4andparA.5Whichofthefollowingwordsbestdescribetheauthor’sattitudetowardskeepingpetcats?A.FavorableB.CriticalC.ReservedD.DoubtfulWhydoestheauthortake94-year-oldTheodoraWesselmanasanexampleinthepassage?A.ToshowthattheelderlylikeTheodoraWesselmanintheUSAhavepetcats.B.Tosuggesttowhatdegreehumansandpetcatscanbecaretakersforeachother.C.BecauseTheodoraWesselmanhasbeenlivingwithapetcatforthepasttwoyears.D.BecauseTheodoraWesselmanpetshercatCleoandtellshershelovesher.Whatdoestorolloutthewelcomematforpetsinthelastparagraphimply?A.Togiveaspecialwelcometopets.B.Tomakethewelcomematflatonthegroundforpets.C.Toopenoutthewelcomematforpetstosleep.D.Towrapthewelcomemattomakeroomforpets.
Althoughwomenleadhealthierlongerlivesthecruelperceptionthattheyreachtheirsell-bydateandbecomeoldsoonerthanmeniswidespreadintheworkplaceresearchshows.A.surveyofmorethan2600managersandpersonnelprofessionalsshowedthatagediscriminationisnotonlycommonintheworkplacebutisfullofinconsistencies矛盾.Sixintenmanagersthoughtthattheyhadsufferedfromagediscrimination——usuallybecausetheywereturneddownforajobforbeingtoooldortooyoung.Yetmorethanafifthadmittedthattheyusedageasaconditionwhentheyemploynewworkers.Althoughthesurveyfoundwidespreadagreementthatolderworkerswerebetterthanyoungercolleagueswhenitcametoreliabilitycommitmentloyaltyandcustomerservicethesequalitieswerenotnecessarilyconsideredtobeworthyofadvancement.Morethanhalfofrespondentsbelievedthatworkersbetween30and39werethemostlikelytobeadvancedintheircompanywithonly2percentciting引证50-year-oldsorabovE.DianahWormanoftheCharteredInstituteofPersonnelandDevelopmentsaidthattherewasanecdotalevidencethatpeoplewereconsideredoldatdifferentagesindifferentsectors.WeheardofonemanworkinginITwhosaidhewasconsideredtoooldbytheageof28shesaiD.TherewasnoevidencetosuggestthatolderworkerswerelessvaluabletocompaniesthanyoungerworkersinfacttheoppositewasoftentruebecauseolderworkersoftenbroughtexperiencE.sheaddeD.ThefindingsalsosuggestedthattheGovernment’sideasonageintheworkforcemayalsobeoutofstepwithreality.68.Thetextismainlyabout______.A.thegovernment’sideaonageinworkforceB.agediscriminationintheworkforceC.thepeoplewhofindworkD.thediscussionaboutwhoisworthpromoting69.Theunderlinedwordsell-bydateinparagraph1probablyrefersto______.A.theagewhentheyretireB.theagewhentheyshouldbepromotedC.thedateonwhichthey’resoldD.thedatewhentheysellgoods70.Thewriter’spurposeinwritingthetextisto______.A.tellthegovernmenttoemployolderworkersB.criticizemanagerswhotreatworkersunfairlyC.reportthefindingsofasurveyD.showheobjectstoagediscrimination
Foryearswehavebeentoldthatencouragingachild’sself-respectisimportanttohisorhersuccessinlifE.Butchildexpertsarenowlearningthattoomuchpraisecanleadtotheoppositeeffect.Praise-sholickidswhoexpectitateveryturnmaybecometeenswhoseektosamekindofapprovalfromfriendswhenaskediftheywanttogointhebackseatofthecar.Theimplication含义ofsayingYouaretheprettiestgirlinclassortalkingaboutthegoalsshesucceedbutnotheroveralleffortisthatyouloveheronlywhenshelooksthebestscoresshehighestachievesthemost.Andthiscarriesovertotheclassroom.SocialpsychologistCarrolDweckPhDtestedtheeffectsofoverpraiseon400fifthgraderswhileshewasatColumbiaUniversity.Shefoundthatkidspraisedfortryingharddidbetterontestsandweremorelikelytotakeondifficultassignmentsthanthosepraisedforbeingsmart.Praisingattributes品质orabilitiesmakesafalsepromisethatsuccesswillcometoyoubecauseyouhavethatqualityanditdevalueseffortsochildrenareafraidtotakeonchallengessaysDwecknowatStanfordUniversityTheyfigurethey’sbetterquitwhilethey’reaheaD.TheunderlinedwordsPraise-sholickidsreferstokidswhoare______.A.tiredofbeingpraisedB.worthyofbeingpraisedC.veryproudofbeingpraisedD.extremelyfondofbeingpraisedTheauthorquoted引用Dr.Dweck’swordsinthelastparagraphinordertomakethearticle_____.A.better-knownB.better-organizedC.morepercussiveD.moreinterestingWecaninferfromthepassagethat_____.A.praiseforeffortsshouldbemoreencouragedB.praiseforresultsworksbetterthanpraiseforeffortsC.praisingachild’sachievementsbenefitshisorhersuccessinlifeD.praisingachild’sabilitiesencouragehimorhertotakeonchallenges
InAmericawhentheeighthgradersleavethemiddleschooltheyareoftenworriedaboutmovingtothehighschool.Itisahardtimeforthembutitcanbeanexcitingoneaswell.Tomakeiteasierstudentsneedtogetfamiliarwiththeirschool.Eventhoughthey’vedonethisalreadyinthemiddleschoolit’sstillimportanttofindwheretheirclassroomsarE.Mostschoolstakestudentstothehighschoolforavisitattheendoftheireighthgradeyear.Andmostschoolsalsohaveafreshman新生speechforparentsandstudentsbeforethefirstyearbegins.Sometimesthemainofficewillgiveawayamapoftheschool.Thiscanhelpstudentsandparentstofinddifferentplacesintheschool.Onewaytoknowyourhighschoolmoreandmakenewfriendsistojoinacluborplayasport.Schoolsoftenofferchancestojoindifferentclubsandsports.FallactivitiesbegininAugustbeforethefirstdayofschool.IfyouarenotinterestedinsportsthereareclubsforanyinterestsuchasdramadancechessphotographycommunityserviceetC.Theseclubsallowstudentsfromdifferentgrades.Byjoininganactivitystudentscanfindnewfriendshipsnottomentionimprovingtheirchancesinfuturecollegeapplications申请.Theschoolofficewillhavealistofactivitiesofferedattheschoolandinformationonhowtojointhem.What’smoretohaveagreatstarttoahighschoolyearstudentscanwritedownsomeoftheirworriesandaskforhelpfromteachersandschoolworkers.Accordingtothetextmoststudentsfeel________whenenteringthehighschool.A.excitedB.nervousC.lonelyD.disappointedWhichofthefollowingisTRUEabouttheschoolclubs?A.Therearefewerstudentsfromhighergradesintheschoolclubs.B.Theschoolclubsinhighschoolonlywelcomesportsfans.C.Summeractivitiesbeginbeforeschoolstarts.D.Theschoolofficecanhelpnewstudentsjoinschoolclubs.Whendomanyschoolstakestudentstovisittheirnewhighschool?A.Beforetheeighthgradeyearstarts.B.Rightafterthehighschoolyearstarts.C.Atthebeginningofthenewterminthehighschool.D.AttheendoftheireighthgradeyearThemainofficeswillgiveawaymapsoftheirschools________.A.onlytohelpstudentstofinddifferentplacesoftheschoolsB.onlytohelpparentstofinddifferentplacesoftheschoolsC.tohelpstudentsandparentstofinddifferentclassroomsoftheschoolsD.tohelpstudentsandparentstofinddifferentplacesoftheschoolsWhatisthepurposeofthistext?A.TotellthenewstudentshowtolearninhighschoolB.Tointroducenewschools.C.TogivetheteacherssomeadvicE.D.Togiveadvicetonewhighschoolstudents.
Toswitchornottoswitchthatisthequestion.Google’sannouncementofitsNexusOnesmartphone智能手机happenedoveraweekagoandI’mstillreceivinglotsofe-mailsfromreadersaskingthesamequestion:ShouldtheygiveuptheiriPhonefortheNexusOne?SomepeoplewithiPhonesdisappointedbyAmericanTelephone&Telegraph’sinadequateserviceandthehighmonthlycostarewonderingiftheyhavereallygotsomethingtoreplaceit.DoestheNexusOneofferthefunctionsthatApplehasledthemtoexpect?I’monthefencemyselfeventhoughIneverthoughtI’dbeinterestedinanythingbuttheiPhonE.FrommyexperienceusingtheNexusOneandfromtalkingtopeoplewhohavemadethechangeit’snotnecessarilyaboutthedifferencesbetweentheiPhoneandtheNexusOnE.Thephonesareextremelysimilarindesignandgeneralfeel.Insteadthedecisioncanbemadebasedonthesoftware软件servicesyouuseonyourdesktop.MyfriendChadDickersonreceivedapre-launchNexusOnefromGooglethreeweeksago.HesaidGoogle’sphonefeelsconnectedtocertainservicesontheWebinawaytheiPhonedoesn’t.ComparedtotheiPhonetheGooglephonefeelslikeit’spartoftheInternettomehesaiD.IfyouliveinaGoogleworldyouhavethatworldinyourpocketinawaythat’scleanerandmoreconnectedthantheiPhonE.Personallythephonesworkperfectlywiththeirownsoftwarebutbothofthemdon’tmakeanefforttoplaywellwithotherservices.WhyaresomeiPhoneusersexpectinganewtypeofphone?A.BecausetheiroldonesareoutofdatE.B.BecausetheyacceptGoogle’sannouncement.C.Becauseofthelimitedserviceandhighcost.D.BecauseoftheterriblesoftwaretheycanusE.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardsthenewphonesinthethirdparagraph?A.NegativeB.NeutralC.IndifferentD.PositiveInChadDickerson’sopiniontheNexusOneis________theiPhonE.A.betterthanB.worsethanC.asgoodasD.asbadasThebesttitleofthepassagemightbe________.A.Apple’sNewSmartphoneB.TornBetweenTwoPhonesC.GoodServicesMatterD.Google’sNewSmartphone
WhenpeopleintheU.S.havecompanyorwhenthey'reinvitedtoformalorinformalget-togethertheyusuallymakeapointoftryingtomakeothersfeelcomfortableandrelaxeD.Onthewholetheytendtobeinformal.Menshakehandsbutusuallyonlywhenthey'reintroduceD.Malefriendsandbusinessassociatewhohaven'tseeneachotherinawhilemayshakehandswhentheysayhello.Womenusuallydon'tshakehandswhenbeingintroducedtoeachother.Whenawomanandmanareintroducedshakinghandsisuptothewoman.Americansrarelyshakehandstosaygoodbyeexceptonbusinessoccasions.Americanwomenareusedtobeingindependent.TheyareusedtogoingtoplacesbythemselvesmakingtheirownmoneyandoftenlivingalonE.Sometimestheywillaskmenforhelpbuttheyusuallydon'twanttobeprotecteD.Sincethewomen'smovementstartedit'snotalwaysclearwhetherwomenexpectmentoopendoorsorhelpthemintotheircoats.AmericanwomenmaystartconversationswithmenorevenaskthemtodancE.TherearealotofAmericanswhodon'tsmokeordrinkandmanywhodon'twantpeopletodothosethingsintheirhouses.It'salwaysbesttoaskforpermissionbeforeyoubringalcoholtoadinnerorbeforeyoulightupacigaretteifyouarewithpeopleyoudon'tknowverywell.Non-smokershavebecomemoremilitant好战的aboutsmokinginpublicplaces.Manyrestaurantsforexamplehavesetupspecialareasforsmokers.Houseguestsmaybringgiftswhentheycometovisitandtheyoftenoffertohelpinsomeway.Asaguestyoumaywanttoaskyourhostorhostessifthere'sanythingyoucandotohelpinthekitchen.Inmanycasesthegestureismoreimportantthanactuallyhelping.thegestureismoreimportantthanactuallyhelping.Heregesturemeans_________.A.态度B.话题C.姿态D.言行WhenAmericanpeopleareintroducedtoeachother____________.A.menseldomshakehandsB.womenoftenshakehandsC.awomandecidesifshewillshakehandswithamanD.amandecidesifhewillshakehandswithawoman___________isnotmentionedinthepassagE.A.HowtovisitanAmericanfamilyB.WhenAmericanwomen'smovementstartedC.AmericanwomenareindependentDNon-smokershatesmokinginpublicplaces.WhichoneisNOTright?________________.A.NoneofAmericanswantpeopletosmokeordrinkintheirhousesB.ManyAmericansdon’tsmokeordrinkC.ManyspecialareasforsmokershavebeensetupintheUSD.It’sbesttoaskbeforeyousmokeinAmerica
Associetiesdeveloptheirmembersstarttoseethingsnotsomuchaccordingtowhattheyneedbutaccordingtowhattheywant.Whenpeoplehaveenoughmoneythesewantsbecomedemands.Nowit’simportantforthemanagersinacompanytounderstandwhattheircustomerswantiftheyaregoingtodevelopeffectivemarketingstrategies策略.Therearevariouswaysofdoingthis.Onewayatsupermarkets超市forexampleistointerview采访customerswhilethey’redoingtheirshopping.TheycanbeaskedwhattheyprefertobuyandthentheresultsoftheresearchcanbestudieD.Thisprovidesinformationonwhichtobasefuturemarketingstrategies.It’salsoquitenormalfortopmanagersfromdepartmentstorestospendadayortwoeachmonthvisitingstoresandmixingfreelywiththepublicasiftheywereordinarycustomerstogetanideaofhowcustomersact.Anotherwaytogetinformationfromcustomersistogivethemsomething.Forexamplesomefastfoodrestaurantsgiveawayticketsinmagazinesoronthestreetthatpermitcustomerstogetpartoftheirmealfornothing.Aswellasbeingagoodwayofattractingcustomersintotherestaurantstospendtheirmoneyitalsoallowsthemanagerstogetafeelforwheretoattractcustomersandwhichage-groupstoattract.Anotherstrategyusedatsomewell-knownparkssuchasDisneylandisfortopmanagerstospendatleastonedayintheirworktouringtheparkdressedasMickeyMouseorsomethinglikethat.ThisprovidesthemwithaperfectchancetoexaminethesceneandwatchthecustomerswithoutbeingnoticeD.Thetextisdesignedfor________.A.managersB.salesmenC.researchersD.customersWhichofthefollowingcanhelpmanagersgetusefulinformation?A.Visitingcustomersthemselves.B.Givingcustomersfreefoodonthestreet.C.Visitingparksasordinarycustomers.D.Askingcustomersquestionsatsupermarkets.Whatdoesthewordthisunderlinedinthelastsentencereferto?A.VisitingDisneylanD.B.Wearingattractiveclothes.C.ActingMickeyMousE.D.DressingupandwalkingarounD.Themainideaofthetextis________.A.howtodomarketresearchB.howtodevelopmarketingstrategiesC.howtofindoutcustomers’socialneedsD.howtoencouragecustomerstospendmoremoney
BHowareyou?isanicequestion.It’safriendlywaythatpeopleintheUnitedStatesgreeteachother.ButHowareyou?isalsoaveryunusualquestion.It’saquestionthatoftendoesn’thaveananswer.ThepersonwhoasksHowareyou?hopestoheartheanswerFinE.eveniftheperson’sfriendisn’tfinE.ThereasonisthatHowareyou?isn’treallyaquestionandFinE.isn’treallyananswer.TheyaresimplyotherwaysofsayingHello!orHi!.Sometimespeoplealsodon’tsayexactlywhattheymean.ForexamplewhensomeoneasksDoyouagree?theotherpersonmightbethinkingNoIdisagreE.Ithinkyou’rewrongButitisn’tverypolitetodisagreestronglysotheotherpersonmightsayI’mnotsure.It’sanicewaytosaythatyoudon’tagreewithsomeonE.Peoplealsodon’tsayexactlywhattheyarethinkingwhentheyfinishtalkingwithotherpeoplE.ForexamplemanytalksoverthephonefinishwhenonepersonsaysI’vetogonow.OftenthepersonwhowantstohangupgivesanexcuseSomeoneisatthedoor.SomethingisburningonthestovE.Theexcusesmightberealoritmightnot.Perhapsthepersonwhowantstohangupsimplydoesn’twanttotalkanymorebutitisn’tpolitetosaythat.Theexcuseismorepoliteanditdoesn’thurttheotherperson.Whentheyaregreetingeachothertalkingaboutanideaorfinishingatalkpeopleoftendon’tsayexactlywhattheyarethinking.It’sanimportantwaythatpeopletrytobenicetoeachotherandit’salsoapartofthegameoflanguagE.60.WhenapersonintheUnitedStatesasksHowareyou?heorshewantstohear___________A.Howareyou?B.Hello!C.Idon’tknow.D.FinE.61.Whenapersonwantstodisagreewithsomeoneitispolitetosay___________A.You’rewrong.IdisagreE.B.I’mnotsurE.C.I’msureIdisagreE.D.NoIdisagreE.62.WhenapersonsaysI’vetogonow.Someoneisatthedoor.heorshemaybe__________.A.givinganexcuseB.hurtingsomeone’sfeelingC.talkingtoapersonatthedoorD.goingtoanotherplace63.Oneoftherulesofthegameoflanguageisprobably_________A.Alwayssaywhatyoumean.B.Don’tdisagreewithpeoplE.C.Neversayexactlywhatyou’rethinking.D.BepolitE.
Americans:Restless?Illiterate没文化的?Americansarequeerpeople:theycan’trest.TheyhavemoretimemoreleisureshorterworkhoursmoreholidaysandmorevacationsthananyotherpeopleintheworlD.Buttheycan’trest.Theyrushupanddownacrosstheircontinentastourists;theymoveaboutingreatherdstoconferences;theysearchthewilderness;theyfloodthemountains;theykeepthehotelsfull.Buttheycan’trest.Thesceneryrushespastthem.Theylearnit.Battlesandmonumentsareannouncedtothemonatourbus.Theyhearthembuttheydon’tgetthem.Theyneverstopmoving;theyrushupanddownasShrinersMasonsOldGraduatesBankers—theyareanewthingeachdayalwaysrushingtoareunionorsomething.Sotheygoonrushingabouttilleventuallytheundertaker殡葬工gatherthemtoalastconferencE.Americansarequeerpeople:theycan’treaD.TheyhavemoreschoolsandbetterschoolsandspendmoremoneyonschoolsandcollegesthanallEuropE.Buttheycan’treaD.TheyprintmorebooksinayearthantheFrenchprint.Buttheycan’treaD.TheycovertheircountrywithonehundredthousandtonsofSundaynewspaperseveryweek.Buttheydon’treadthem.They’retoobusy.Theyusethemforfiresandtomakemorepaperwith.Theybuyeagerlythousandsofnewnovelsattwodollarseach.ButtheyreadonlypageonE.Theirstreetsarefullofhugesigns.Theywon’tlookatthem.Theirstreetcarsarefilledwithadvertising;theyturntheireyesaway.Transparentcolorscartwheelsandmechanicalflareswhirlandflickerinthecrowdedstreetsatnight.Nooneseesthem.Tonsofletterspourintothemailboxesthroughthehousesanddownthegarbagecans.Noonereadsthem.68.Theunderlinedwordqueermeans___________.A.strangeB.difficultC.forgetfulD.friendly69.AccordingtothetextwhendotheAmericansstoprushingabout?A.Whentheyaretoallowedto.B.WhentheyfeeltiredandsleepyC.WhentheystopbreathingeventuallyD.Whentheyareseriouslyillinbed70.TheAmericansknowtheplacesofbattlesandmonuments___________.A.bydrivingthereinpersonB.whentheyareonthetourbusC.frombooksandmagazinesD.byvisitingthem71.Whydoesthewriterwritethispassage?A.TotellpeopletheAmericansareilliterateB.ToprovetheAmericanstobeaqueernationC.TomakefunoftheAmericanwayoflifeD.TogivethereadersinformationaboutUSA
TheInternethasledtoahugeincreaseincredit-card信用卡frauD.YourcardinformationcouldevenbeforsaleinanillegalWebsite网站.WebsitesofferingcheapgoodsandservicesshouldberegardedwithcarE.On-lineshopperswhoentertheircredit-cardinformationmayneverreceivethegoodstheybought.Thethievesthengoshoppingwithyourcardnumber—orselltheinformationovertheInternet.Computershackers黑客havebrokendownsecurity安全systemsraisingquestionsaboutthesafetyofcardholderinformation.Severalmonthsago25000customersofCDUniverseanon-linemusicretailer批发商werenotlucky.Theirnamesaddressesandcredit-cardnumberswerepostedonaWebsiteaftertheretailerrefusedtopayUS$157828togetbacktheinformation.Credit-cardfirmsarenowfightingagainston-linefrauD.MasterCardisworkingonplansforWeb-onlycreditcardwithalowercreditlimit.Thecardcouldbeusedonlyforshoppingon-linE.HoweverthereareafewsimplestepsyoucantaketokeepfrombeingcheateD.Askaboutyourcredit-cardfirm'son-linerules:UnderBritishlawcardholdersareresponsible对负有责任的forthefirstUS$78ofanyfraudulentspending.Andshoponlyatsecuresites:Sendyourcredit-cardinformationonlyiftheWebsiteoffers-advancedsecuresystem.Ifthesecurityisinplacealetterwillappearinthebottomright-handcornerofyourscreen.TheWebsiteaddressmayalsostartwithhttps://—theextrasstandsforsecurE.Ifindoubtgiveyourcredit-cardinformationoverthetelephonE.Keepyourpasswordsafe:Mostonlinesitesrequireausernameandpasswordbeforeplacinganorder.TreatyourpasswordswithcarE.WhatdomostpeopleworryabouttheInternetaccordingtothispassage?A.A.lotofstolencredit-cardsweresoldontheInternet.B.FraudontheInternet.C.ManyWebsitesaredestroyeD.D.ManyillegalWebsitesareontheInternet.Whatisthemeaningoffraud?A.cheatingB.saleC.paymentD.safetyHowcanthethievesgettheinformationofthecredit-card?A.Thecustomersgivethemtheinformation.B.ThethievesstealtheinformationfromWebsites.C.Thecustomersselltheinformationtothem.D.BothA.andB.Howmanypiecesofadvicedoesthepassagegivetoyou?A.Four.B.ThreE.C.FivE.D.Six.
Wecanachieveknowledgeeitheractivelyorpassively被动地.Weachieveitactivelybydirectexperiencebytestingandprovinganideaorbyreasoning.WeachieveknowledgepassivelybybeingtoldbysomeoneelsE.MostofthelearningthattakesplaceintheclassroomandthekindthathappenswhenwewatchTVorreadnewspapersormagazinesispassivE.Conditionedaswearetopassivelearningit’snotsurprisingthatwedependonitinoureverydaycommunicationwithfriendsandco-workers.Unfortunatelypassivelearninghasaseriousproblem.Itmakesustendtoacceptwhatwearetoldevenwhenitislittlemorethanhearsayandrumor谣言.DidyoueverplaythegameRumor?Itbeginswhenonepersonwritesdownamessagebutdoesn’tshowittoanyonE.Thenthepersonwhispersitwordforwordtoanotherperson.ThatpersoninturnwhispersittostillanotherandsoonthroughallthepeopleplayingthegamE.Thelastpersonwritesdownthemessagewordforwordasheorshehearsit.ThenthetwowrittenstatementsarecompareD.TypicallytheoriginalmessagehaschangeD.That’swhathappensindailylifE.Thesimplefactthatpeoplerepeatastoryintheirownwordschangesthestory.Thentoomostpeoplelistenimperfectly.Andmanyenjoyaddingtheirowncreativetouchtoastorytryingtoimproveonitstamping打上标记itwiththeirownpersonalstylE.Yetthosewhohearitthinktheyknow.Thisprocessisalsofoundamongscholarsandauthors:A.statementofopinionbyonewritermaybere-statedasfactbyanotherwhomayinturnbequotedbyyetanother;andthisprocessmaycontinueunlessitoccurstosomeonetoquestionthefactsonwhichtheoriginalwriterbasedhisopinionortochallengetheinterpretationheplaceduponthosefacts.Accordingtothepassagepassivelearningmayoccurin_______.A.doingamedicalexperimentB.solvingamathproblemC.visitinganexhibitionD.doingscientificreasoningTheunderlinedworditinParagraph2refersto_____.A.activelearningB.knowledgeC.communicationD.passivelearningTheauthormentionsthegameRumortoshowthat_____.A.amessagemaybechangedwhenbeingpassedonB.amessageshouldbedeliveredindifferentwaysC.peoplemayhaveproblemswiththeirsenseofhearingD.peopletendnottobelieveinwhattheyknowasrumorWhatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.Activelearningislessimportant.B.PassivelearningmaynotbereliablE.C.Activelearningoccursmorefrequently.D.Passivelearningisnotfoundamongscholars.
TheAtlanticOceanisoneoftheoceansthatseparatetheOldWorldfromtheNew.ForcenturiesitkepttheAmericafrombeingdiscoveredbythepeopleofEuropE.ManywrongideasabouttheAtlanticmadeearlysailorsunwillingtosailfaroutintoit.Oneideawasthatitreachedouttotheedgeoftheworld.Sailorswereafraidthattheymightsailofftheearth.Anotherideawasthatattheequator赤道theoceanwouldbeboilinghot.TheAtlanticOceanisonlyhalfasbigasthePacificbutitisstillverylargE.Itismorethan4000miles6000kmwidewhereColumbuscrossedit.Evenatitsnarrowestitisabout200miles3200kmwidE.TwothingsmaketheAtlanticOceanratherunusual.Forsolargeanoceanithasfewislands.Alsoitistheworld’ssaltiestocean.ThereissomuchwaterintheAtlanticthatitishardtoimaginehowmuchthereis.Butsupposenomorerainfellintoitandnomorewaterwasbroughttoitbyriversitwouldtaketheoceanaboutmorethan4000yearstodryup.Ontheaveragethewaterisalittlemorethantwomiles3.2kmdeepbutinsomeplacesitismuchdeeper.ThedeepestspotisnearPuertoRico.Thisdeepmeasures30246feet---almostsixmiles9.6km.OneofthelongestmountainrangesoftheworldrisesfromtheflooroftheAtlantiC.Thismountainrangerunsnorthandsouthdownthemiddleoftheocean.Thetopsofafewofthemountainsreachupabovetheseaandmakeislands.SeveralhundredmileseastwardfromFloridathereisapartoftheoceancalledtheSargassoSeA.HerethewaterisquietforthereislittlewinD.Inthedaysofsailingvessels船thecrewwereafraidtheywouldbebecalmedcan’tmoveherE.SometimestheywerE.TodaytheAtlanticisagreathighway.ItishowevernotalwaysasmoothandsafeonE.Stormssweepacrossitandpileupgreatwaves.IcebergsfloatdownfromthefarNorthacrossthepathsofships.Wenowhavesuchfastwaysoftravelingthatthisbigoceanseemstohavegrownsmaller.Columbussailedformorethantwomonthstocrossit.A.fastmodernsteamshipcanmakethetripinlessthanfourdays.AirplanesflyfromNewYorktoLondoninonlyeighthoursandfromSouthAmericatoAfricainfour!61.WhatcausedpeopletobeunwillingtoexploretheAtlantic?A.TherewerenoshipsbigenoughtogetacrosstheOcean.B.SailorswereafraidofbeinglostintheOcean.C.TheAtlanticOceanwasveryunusualbecauseithasfewislandsandthesaltiestwater.D.ManyincorrectideassuchastheedgeoftheworldtheequatorwithboilinghotwatermadepeoplethinktheOceanwasfullofdanger.62.Whatisthemainideaofthefifthparagraph?A.Howdeepthewateris.B.HowtomeasurethewaterintheAtlantiC.C.Howmuchwatertheoceanholds.D.HowrainaffectstheOceanwater.63.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordhighwaymean?A.HighroadB.BroadwayC.FastroadD.Mainwaterway64.Whydoesthewriterthinkthisbigoceanseemstohavegrownsmaller?A.Thewaterintheoceanisbecomingless.B.WehavemoreandmoreadvancedtravelingtoolsnowC.Thedistancebetweentheoceanandusisshorter.D.ThesteamshiphasahigherspeeD.
NowadayspeoplearetroubledbytheviolencethatspreadsthroughoutthemediA.Moviestelevisionandvideogamesarefullofgunplayandbloodshedandonemightreasonablyaskwhat’swrongwithasocietythatpresentsvideosofviolenceasentertainment.Viewinglargeamountsofviolenttelevisionandvideogamesmaywellcontributetoviolentbehaviorincertainindividuals.Thetroublecomeswhenresearchersdownplayuncertaintiesintheirstudiesoroverstatethecaseforcausality因果关系.SkepticsweredismayedseveralyearsagowhenagroupofsocietiesincludingtheAmericanMedicalAssociationtriedtoendthedebatebyissuingajointstatement:Atthistimewellover1000studiespointtoacausalconnectionbetweenmediaviolenceandaggressivebehaviorinsomechildren.Freedom-of-speechadvocatesaccusedthesocietiesofcateringtopoliticiansandevendisputedthenumberofstudiesmostwerereviewarticlesandessaystheysaid.WhenJonathanFreedmanasocialpsychologistattheUniversityofTorontoreviewedtheliteraturehefoundonly200orsostudiesoftelevision-watchingandaggression.Andwhenheweededoutthemostdoubtfulmeasuresofaggressiononly28%supportedaconnection.Thecriticalpointhereiscausality.Thealarmistssaytheyhaveprovedthatviolentmediacauseaggression.ButtheassumptionsbehindtheirobservationsneedtobeexamineD.Whenlabelinggamesasviolentornon-violentshouldaheroeatingaghostreallybecountedasaviolentevent?Andwhenexperimentersrecordthetimeittakesgameplayerstoreadaggressiveornon-aggressivewordsfromalistcanwebesurewhattheyareactuallymeasuring?TheintentionofthenewHarvardCenteronMediaandChildHealthtocollectandstandardizestudiesofmediaviolenceinordertocomparetheirmethodologiesassumptionsandconclusionsisanimportantstepintherightdirection.AnotherappropriatestepwouldbetotonedownthecriticismuntilweknowmorE.SeveralresearcherswritespeakandtestifyquitealotonthethreatposedbyviolenceinthemediA.ThatisofcoursetheirprivilegE.Butwhendoingsotheyoftencomeoutwithstatementsthatthematterhasnowbeensettleddrawingcriticismfromcolleagues.Inresponsethealarmistsaccusecriticsandnewsreportersofbeingdeceivedbytheentertainmentindustry.Suchclasheshelpneithersciencenorsociety.46.WhyistheresomuchviolenceshowninmoviesTVandvideogames?A.Showingviolenceisthoughttobeentertaining.B.Somethinghasgonewrongwithtoday’ssocietyC.ManypeoplearefondofgunplayandbloodsheD.D.Thereisalotofviolenceintherealworldtoday.47.Whatistheskeptics’viewofmediaviolence?A.Violenceontelevisionisfairlyaccuratereflectionofreal-worldlifE.B.Moststudiesexaggerate夸大theeffectofmediaviolenceontheviewers.C.A.causalrelationshipexistsbetweenmediaandreal-worldviolencE.D.TheinfluenceofmediaviolenceonchildrenhasbeenunderestimateD.48.Theauthorusesthetermalarmiststorefertothosewho_________.A.usestandardizedmeasurementsinthestudiesofmediaviolenceB.initiatedthedebateovertheinfluenceofviolentmediaonrealityC.insistonadirectlinkbetweenviolentmediaandaggressivebehaviorD.useappropriatemethodologyinexaminingaggressivebehavior49.TheunderlinedphraseweededoutinParagraph3mostprobablymeans_________.A.gotridofthingsthatarenotgoodB.removedunwantedpartsfromsomethingC.pickedoutthingsthatareusefulD.tookawayunnecessarydetailsofareport50.Whatdoesthewriterthinkofthedebateconcerningtherelationshipbetweenthemediaandviolence?A.Hemorethanagreeswiththeviewsheldbythealarmists.B.ItshouldcometoanendsincethematterhasnowbeensettleD.C.Thepaststudiesinthisfieldhaveprovedtobemisleading.D.Morestudiesshouldbeconductedbeforeconclusionsaredrawn.
Millionsofaircrafttakeoffaroundtheworldeveryyear.Theskiestheyflyinseemlimitless—milesofemptyspacE.Butwiththenumberofflightsincreasingeachyearthisemptinessnolongerexists.Researchersintheworldofaviation航空areworriedabouttheincreasingpressureonpilotsandgroundcontrollers.Andincreasingcollisionsoccurringatornearanairporthavecalledattentiontotheneedformoreaids辅助设备toaviationcontrol.Peoplewhotraveltheskiesarenotcertainaboutairsafety.A.greatdealofmoneyisspentonnewandbiggeraircraftandairportstodealwiththevastincreaseinpassengerstravellingbyair.Onlyasmallpercentageofthismoneyisspentonnavigation导航andotheraids.Actuallysuitableelectronicequipmenthaslongexistedandmanycompaniesmarketsafetyaidsdesignedtomakeitsaferforaircrafttotakeoffflyanydistanceandlandwhatevertheweather.YettherearetwoproblemstobesolveD.Thefirstistogetgovernmentsairlinesandairportofficialstoagreetobasiclevelsofsafetyaids.Thesecondproblemistofindawayofmeetingthesebasicrequirements.ButnomatterhowwelltheequipmentworksoperatorsoftheequipmentstillplayanimportantrolE.Communicationsbetweenpilotsandgroundcontrollersareextremelyimportanttoairsafety.ItisworthpointingoutthatthemishearingormisunderstandingofinstructionsinEnglishandtheuseofanotherlanguageinaninternationalconversationhaveledtotworecentaircraftaccidents.A.newtypeofinstrument仪器calledFLIGHTWATCHwouldhelppilotspreventairportcollisions.Itwouldbeparticularlyhelpfulnearairports.60.Theincreasingnumberofflightsleadstothefactthat________.A.flyingisnolongerlimitedintheskyB.thereisnoemptyspaceforaidstoaviationcontrolC.pilotingandcontrollingplanesisgettingmoredifficultD.thepressureonthegroundbecomesgreater61.Thereisuncertaintyaboutairsafetybecause________.A.planesbecomebiggerfortheincreasingnumberofpassengersB.moneyspentonelectronicequipmentisfarfromenoughC.suitableelectronicequipmenthasn’tbeeninventedyetD.itisdangerousforplanestotakeofforland62.Theunderlinedwordcollisionsprobablymeans________.A.accidentsinwhichtwoplaneshiteachotherB.misunderstandingsbetweenpilotsandgroundcontrollersC.quarrelsamongpassengersD.breakdownsofnewtypesofinstrument63.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat________.A.governmentsandofficialshavepaidgreatattentiontoairsafetyB.thereshouldbemorecompaniestosellnewsafetyaidsC.EnglishshouldbeusedinaninternationalconversationD.understandingbetweenpilotsandgroundcontrollersshouldbeimproved
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