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脾胃在气的生成中的具体作用为
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人体之气的生成之源是
心
肝
脾胃
肺
肾
与气的生成密切相关的脏腑是
心脾胃肺
肺脾胃肾
心脾胃肝
肺肾心
肺肝肾
肺主一身之气的生理功能具体体现在
气的生成方面
对全身气机的调节方面
气的生成和调节全身气机方面
宗气的生成方面
人体气生成的来源是
先天之精气
水谷之精气
自然之清气
肺气
脾胃之气
以肺从自然界吸入的清气和脾胃从饮食物中运化生成的水谷精气为主要组成部分的气是
元气
宗气
营气
卫气
邪气
宗气生成与哪些脏腑有关
脾肺肾
脾肝心
脾胃肺
脾胃肾
脾肾肝
在气的生成过程中下列哪项是最重要的
肺的呼吸
肝的疏泄
三焦的气化
脾胃的运化
肾的纳气
肺在气的生成中的具体作用为
吸入自然清气
呼出体内浊气
参与宗气生成
调节气机运动
胆汁的生成源于
肝之余气
肺之宗
心之营气
脾胃之精气
维生素D在体内肝肾羟化后生成_____才能发挥作用其基本作用为促进 _____的吸收
炙甘草在炙甘草汤中的作用为
缓急止痛
补益心气
调和脾胃
滋养心阴
缓和药性
人体之气是通过肺脾胃肾等脏器生理功能的综合作用而形成 的
胆汁的生成源于
肝之余气
肺之宗气
心之营气
脾胃之精气
以肺从自然界吸入的清气和脾胃从饮食物中运化生成的水谷精气为主要组成部分的气是
推动作用
温煦作用
防御作用
固摄作用
气化作用
与气的生成密切相关的脏腑是
心、肝、脾胃
肺胃、肝、肾
肺、脾胃、肾
肝、脾胃、肾
心、肺胃、肾
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与邪交争驱邪外出属于气的
JohnWinstonLennonwasbornintoaworldatwarwithitself—aperfectsymboloftheinternalcontradictionsthatdefinedhislifeandmusic.Germanaircraftweredroppingbombsonhiscityattheverymomentofhisarrival. 41____________.LennonalsohadapowerfulattachmenttohismotherJuliathatlingeredlongaftershediedin1958;theclassic1968albumTheBeatlesknownasthe"WhiteAlbum"foritswhitealbumlinerincludedhissong"Julia"—anexquisiteexpressionofrawsorrow.WhenheandMcCartneyfirstmetonJuly6th1957—atachurchpicnicwhereLennon’sbandwasastarattraction—Lennonwasbuddingintoafusionofboldattitudekeenwitandhonestcharm.TheBeatlesgavehimtheroomtobloom. 42____________. Inafewwaysthecurrentboy-bandphenomenonissimplytheBeatleswithamoderntwist:hugerecordsalesadoringyoungwomenqueueduponthesidewalksoutsidetheirconcertsandthecircus-likeatmospheresurroundingtheireverymove.WithhissharphandsomefeaturesandanattractivewarmthcontrastedbyhisacidturnofphraseLennonevokedasmuchhystericalfemaledesireasanymemberoftheBackStreetBoysifnotallofthemputtogether.43____________. LennonandOnoskillfullyusedthedisbeliefandscornthatoftengreetedtheirprovocativeexploitstopromotetheirpeacecampaigns:demonstratingintheirbedclothesforanendtotheVietnamWarinthespringof1969andpayingforhuge"WARISOVER!"signsintwelvecitiesaroundtheworldthefollowingChristmas.44____________. ApeculiarironyofLennon’sstoryisthewaywetendtoworshiptheManandtheBeatleattheexpenseofthesoloartist.TobefrankLennonwasnotalwaysterrificonhisown.45____________. A.TodaythepopularityoftheBeatlesseemslikeadistantmiracleanancientexplosionofenergeticteenagejoy.Survivingfilmsandhistoricalaccountsonlyhintatthemagicofthetwoyears1963and1964inwhichtheBeatlesbroughtBritainandthenAmericahappilytotheirknees. B.TheBeatlesworesuitsandchattedcheerfullywithreportersinthatfirstcoupleofyears.Theyalsomovedquicklytoseizecontrol—oftheirmusictheircareersandtheirindividualdestinies. C.HisimageastheintellectualBeatle—theshybrilliantseekeroftruthwithastubbornstreakandasmartmouth—wasrootedinhisdaysasawould-beartstudentandteenagerebelwitharemarkableintellect.HefoundsubstitutefatherfiguresinAmericanrockmusicians. D.OnthefinaldayofhislifeLennongaveaninterviewtopromotewhatwouldbehisfinalalbum.Whenaskedabouthis1971singlerecording"PowertothePeople"Lennonsaidhenowbelievedthatpeopledohavethepower."Idon’tmeanthepowerofthegun"heexplained."Theyhavethepowertomakeandcreatethesocietytheywant." E.ThecoupleplantedtreesforpeaceatCoventryCathedralinEnglandandinearly1970cuttheirhairforpeace.InopenlycourtingpublicscornLennonandOnoengineeredavitalpublicdebateaboutpeaceandloveasrealisticgoalsnotjustnaivenonsense. F.Thekeylineinthose"WARISOVER!"signswasinthesmalltypenearthebottom:IFYOUWANTIT.WhenJohnLennondiedheleftuswithauniquebodyofworkandthemostvaluablelessonrock&rollhastooffer:anythingispossible—ifyouwantit. G.HeneverdidbetterthantheintensityandhowlofhisJohnLennon/PlasticOnoBandalbumbutthereismuchinLennon’spost-Beatlemusictobeappreciated.Recordedduringhisso-calledlostweekend—aperiodofseparationfromOno—the1974albumWallsandBridgesisastrikingtestimonytothewretcheddesperationhefelt. 41
Scienceisawayofthinkingmuchmorethanitisabodyofknowledge.46Itsgoalistofindouthowtheworldworkstoseekwhatregularitiestheremaybetopenetratetotheconnectionsofthings—fromsubnuclearparticleswhichmaybetheconstituentsofallmattertolivingorganismsthehumansocialcommunityandhencetothecosmosasawhole.Ourintuitionisbynomeansaninfallibleguide.Ourperceptionsmaybedistortedbytrainingandprejudiceormerelybecauseofthelimitationsofthephenomenaoftheworld.47EvensostraightforwardaquestionaswhetherintheabsenceoffrictionapoundofleadfallsfasterthanagramoffluffwasansweredincorrectlybyAristotleandalmosteveryoneelsebeforethetimeofGalileo.Scienceisbasedonexperimentonawillingnesstochallengeolddogmaonanopennesstoseetheuniverseasitreallyis.Accordinglysciencesometimesrequirescourage—attheveryleastthecouragetoquestiontheconventionalwisdom. 48Beyondthisthemaintrickofscienceistoreallythinkofsomething:theshapeofcloudsandtheiroccasionalsharpbottomedgesatthesamealtitudeeverywhereinthesky;theformationofadewdroponaleaf;theoriginofanameoraword;thereasonforhumansocialcustoms—theincesttabooforexample;howitisthatalensinsunlightcanmakepaperburn;howa"walkingstick"gottolooksomuchlikeatwig;whytheMoonseemstofollowusaswewalk;whatpreventsusfromdiggingaholedowntothecenteroftheEarth;whatthedefinitionisof"down"onasphericalearth;howitispossibleforthebodytoconvertyesterday’slunchintotoday’smuscleandsinew;orhowfarisup—doestheuniversegoonforeverorifitdoesnotisthereanymeaningtothequestionofwhatliesontheothersideSomeofthesequestionsareprettyeasy.Othersespeciallythelastaremysteriestowhichnooneeventodayknowstheanswer.Theyarenaturalquestionstoask.49Everyculturehasposedsuchquestionsinonewayoranotherandalmostalwaystheproposedanswersareinthenatureof"JustSoStories"attemptedexplanationsdivorcedfromexperimentorevenfromcarefulcomparativeobservations. Butthescientificcastofmindexaminestheworldcriticallyasifmanyalternativeworldsmightexistasifotherthingsmightbeherewhicharenot.Thenweareforcedtoaskwhywhatweseeispresentandnotsomethingelse.WhyaretheSunandtheMoonandtheplanetsspheresWhynotpyramidsorcubesordodecahedraWhynotirregularjumblyshapesWhysosymmetricalworlds50Ifyouspendanytimespinninghypothesescheckingtoseewhethertheymakesensewhethertheyconformtowhatelseweknowthinkingoftestsyoucanposetosubstantiateordeflateyourhypothesesyouwillfindyourselfdoingscience.Andasyoucometopracticethishabitofthoughtmoreandmoreyouwillgetbetterandbetteratit. EvensostraightforwardaquestionaswhetherintheabsenceoffrictionapoundofleadfallsfasterthanagramoffluffwasansweredincorrectlybyAristotleandalmosteveryoneelsebeforethetimeofGalileo.
Asimplepairofpantsmaycontainamultitudeofmeanings.Inthe1850sjeansweretheunemotionaldurabledressofthosethatcametoCaliforniatolaborinthegoldfields.Seamswerestrengthenedwithmetalpinstomakethemholdatechnologyborrowedfromtheconstructionofhorseblankets.Clothforbeastsofburdenwastranslatedtotheneedsofmenofburden.Theseweretheclothesofhard-laboringpeopleandthesepantsheldlittlepromiseforthemenwhoworethemsavethepromisethattheywouldbereadyforthenextday’slabors. DuringthesamedecadeinthecourtofoneEuropeanqueen"thegownwornbyafashionableladyinattendancecontained1100yardsofmaterialnotincludinglaceandotherornaments."Americanwomenofwealthwerealsowrappedinanabundanceofcloth.Whilemakersofjeansworriedoverhowmanymencouldbefittedintoagivenamountofclothforwomenofwealththeconcernwaswithhowmanyyardsofclothcouldbeattractivelyarrangeduponagivenindividual.Thiswasthemarkofprosperity:towearenoughmaterialonone’sbacktoclothemanyofmoremodestmeans. Thefashionablerichcouldnotimaginethemselveswearingthevulgarcanvaspantsofworkersand"peasants".Neithercouldworking-classpeoplereasonablyimaginethemselvesinthecostumesofwealthandpower.Tileonlyfashionlinkbetweenthem—subtleatbest—wasthesterntophatofwealthycapitalistsacoal-blackcylindersymbolizingthefactorychimneypipesthatbroughtprofittoonehardshiptotheother.Bluejeansonlysignifiedlaborandsweat. Yearslatertheclothingofnineteenth-centurylaborerswouldassumenewanddifferentmeanings.Humblebeginningsbecameincreasinglyobscurewithintheunfoldingofpopularculture.InthemoviesthehorseridersoftheearlycattleindustrywererebornassymbolsofanobleruralsimplicityandbluejeansbecameconspicuouswithinthelandscapeoftheAmericanmedia.Onthescreenthesepantsteasedtheimaginationsofcityfolkwholongedforasimplerandlesscorruptlife.Whilelaborerswouldcontinuetowearthematworknowthewell-offmightputonapairathomeorinthegarden—anescapefromthedisciplineofthebusinessworld. Inthe1950sbluejeansbecameastatementbythosewhowishedtoboycottthevaluesofaconsumer-basedsocietythatwasconcernedonlywithacquisition.Blue-jeans-wearingrebelsofpopularmovieswereanexpressionofcontempttowardstheemptyandobedientsilenceofCold-WarAmerica;thepositiveimagesofAmericanconsumersocietywereundersiege.WhathadbeenapieceoftraditionalAmericanculture—bluejeans—becamearejectionoftraditionalculture. Accordingtothepassagethebluejeans’popularitywascausedby
Thepeoplewhoanswerthephonegetanendlessstreamofcallsfrompeoplewhoareextremelyupsetthattheirelectricitygotturnedoffjustbecausetheyfailedtopaytheirbillfor297monthsorpeopleaskingquestionslike"IsitOKtooperateanelectricappliancewhiletakingabath" Solet’ssaythatyouhaveagenuineproblemwithyourelectricbill.Thepeoplein"CustomerService"havenowayofknowingthatyou’reanintelligentrationalperson.They’regoingtolumpyouinwiththeusualnot-so-brightpublic.Asfarasthey’reconcernedtherelevantfactsinanydisputebetweenyouandthemarethese: 1.Theyhaveabunchofelectricity. 2.Youneedit. 3.Soshutup. Thisiswhymoreandmorethepeoplein"CustomerService"won’teventalktoyou.TheyprefertoletyoutalktotheconvenientAutomaticPhoneAnsweringSystemuntilsuchatimeasyoudieofoldage"...IfyourFIRSTnamehasmorethaneightlettersandyourLASTnamebeginswith’H’through’L’press251NOW.IfyourfirstnamehasLESSthaneightlettersandyourlastnamecontainsatleasttwo’E’spress252NOW.Ifyour..." SoisthereanywaythatyouthelowlyconsumercangaintheseriousattentionofalargeandpowerfulbusinessIampleasedtoreportthatthereISawaywhichIfoundoutaboutthankstoanalertreaderwhosentmeanewsreportfromRussia.AccordingtothisreportaRussianelectriccompanygotintoadisputewithacustomerandcutoffthecustomer’selectricity.ThiscustomerhoweverhappenedtobeaunitoftheRussianArmy.Sothecommanderorderedatanktodriveovertotheelectriccompany’sofficeandaimitsgunatthewindows.Theelectricitywasturnedrightbackon. OnbehalfofconsumerseverywhereIwanttokissthismilitarycommanderonthelips.ImeanwhataGREATconcept.Imagineasaconsumerhowmuchmoreseriouslyyourcomplaintwouldhetakenifyouwerecomplainingfrominsideavehiclecapableofreducingtheentire"CustomerService"departmenttotinysmokingpieces.WhatIamsayingis:ForgettheAutomatedPhoneAnsweringSystem.Getatank. Perhapsyouarethinking:"Butatankcostsseveralmilliondollarsnotincludingfloormats.Idon’thavethatkindofmoney." Don’tbesilly.You’reaconsumerrightYouhavecreditcardsright Perhapsyouarethinking:"YesbuthowamIgoingtopaythecredit-cardcompany" Don’tbesilly.Youhaveatankright Thetoneofthispassagemaybeconsideredas
五脏与五液的关系中肝之液为
Lotsofcreaturesalreadyreproducewithoutsex.SincethebirthofLouiseBrownthefirsttest-tubebabyin19781ofhumanbeings2inlaboratoryglasswareratherthaninbed. Ifhumancloningbecomespossible—andsincethebirthofasheepcalledDolly3doubtthatitwillbefeasibletocloneapersonby2025—eventhelinkbetweensexorgansandreproduction4.Youwillthenbeabletotakeacuttingfromyourbodyandgrowanewperson5youwereawillowtree. 6wehavealreadydivorcedsexfromreproduction.Inthe1960sthecontraceptivepillfreedwomentoenjoysexforitsownsake.7greatertoleranceofhomosexualitysignaledsociety’sacceptanceofnonreproductivesexofanothersort.Thesechangesareonlycontinuationsofa8thatstartedperhapsamillionyearsago. Humanbeings9theinterestininfertilesocialsexwithafewotherspecies:dolphinsapesandsomebirds.But10sexistoogoodforhumanbeingsto11moreandmorepeoplewillabandonitasa12ofreproduction. Inthemodernworldyoucan13havesexandparenthoodwithoutsufferingthebit14.SomeHollywoodactresses15theurgeformotheringbyelectingtoadoptchildren16spoiltheirfiguresastheyseeitbychildbearing.Forpeopleasbeautifulasthisthetemptationto17aclonerearedinasurrogatewombcouldonedaybe18. Howeverhumancloninganddesignerbabiesareprobablynot19.Evenassumingthattheproceduresarejudgedsafeandefficientinfarmanimalsstillalongwayofftheywillbeheavily20ifnotbannedbymanygovernmentsforhumanbeings. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.15
卫气的分布
Thepeoplewhoanswerthephonegetanendlessstreamofcallsfrompeoplewhoareextremelyupsetthattheirelectricitygotturnedoffjustbecausetheyfailedtopaytheirbillfor297monthsorpeopleaskingquestionslike"IsitOKtooperateanelectricappliancewhiletakingabath" Solet’ssaythatyouhaveagenuineproblemwithyourelectricbill.Thepeoplein"CustomerService"havenowayofknowingthatyou’reanintelligentrationalperson.They’regoingtolumpyouinwiththeusualnot-so-brightpublic.Asfarasthey’reconcernedtherelevantfactsinanydisputebetweenyouandthemarethese: 1.Theyhaveabunchofelectricity. 2.Youneedit. 3.Soshutup. Thisiswhymoreandmorethepeoplein"CustomerService"won’teventalktoyou.TheyprefertoletyoutalktotheconvenientAutomaticPhoneAnsweringSystemuntilsuchatimeasyoudieofoldage"...IfyourFIRSTnamehasmorethaneightlettersandyourLASTnamebeginswith’H’through’L’press251NOW.IfyourfirstnamehasLESSthaneightlettersandyourlastnamecontainsatleasttwo’E’spress252NOW.Ifyour..." SoisthereanywaythatyouthelowlyconsumercangaintheseriousattentionofalargeandpowerfulbusinessIampleasedtoreportthatthereISawaywhichIfoundoutaboutthankstoanalertreaderwhosentmeanewsreportfromRussia.AccordingtothisreportaRussianelectriccompanygotintoadisputewithacustomerandcutoffthecustomer’selectricity.ThiscustomerhoweverhappenedtobeaunitoftheRussianArmy.Sothecommanderorderedatanktodriveovertotheelectriccompany’sofficeandaimitsgunatthewindows.Theelectricitywasturnedrightbackon. OnbehalfofconsumerseverywhereIwanttokissthismilitarycommanderonthelips.ImeanwhataGREATconcept.Imagineasaconsumerhowmuchmoreseriouslyyourcomplaintwouldhetakenifyouwerecomplainingfrominsideavehiclecapableofreducingtheentire"CustomerService"departmenttotinysmokingpieces.WhatIamsayingis:ForgettheAutomatedPhoneAnsweringSystem.Getatank. Perhapsyouarethinking:"Butatankcostsseveralmilliondollarsnotincludingfloormats.Idon’thavethatkindofmoney." Don’tbesilly.You’reaconsumerrightYouhavecreditcardsright Perhapsyouarethinking:"YesbuthowamIgoingtopaythecredit-cardcompany" Don’tbesilly.Youhaveatankright Fromthefirstparagraphwemayinferthat
Lotsofcreaturesalreadyreproducewithoutsex.SincethebirthofLouiseBrownthefirsttest-tubebabyin19781ofhumanbeings2inlaboratoryglasswareratherthaninbed. Ifhumancloningbecomespossible—andsincethebirthofasheepcalledDolly3doubtthatitwillbefeasibletocloneapersonby2025—eventhelinkbetweensexorgansandreproduction4.Youwillthenbeabletotakeacuttingfromyourbodyandgrowanewperson5youwereawillowtree. 6wehavealreadydivorcedsexfromreproduction.Inthe1960sthecontraceptivepillfreedwomentoenjoysexforitsownsake.7greatertoleranceofhomosexualitysignaledsociety’sacceptanceofnonreproductivesexofanothersort.Thesechangesareonlycontinuationsofa8thatstartedperhapsamillionyearsago. Humanbeings9theinterestininfertilesocialsexwithafewotherspecies:dolphinsapesandsomebirds.But10sexistoogoodforhumanbeingsto11moreandmorepeoplewillabandonitasa12ofreproduction. Inthemodernworldyoucan13havesexandparenthoodwithoutsufferingthebit14.SomeHollywoodactresses15theurgeformotheringbyelectingtoadoptchildren16spoiltheirfiguresastheyseeitbychildbearing.Forpeopleasbeautifulasthisthetemptationto17aclonerearedinasurrogatewombcouldonedaybe18. Howeverhumancloninganddesignerbabiesareprobablynot19.Evenassumingthattheproceduresarejudgedsafeandefficientinfarmanimalsstillalongwayofftheywillbeheavily20ifnotbannedbymanygovernmentsforhumanbeings. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.9
WhenIwas13mymotherdied.ThroughmyownsorrowIwasawareofthegreatlossthiswastoPop.Buthemadeonlyonereferencetohisownmisery.Hesaid"Tobehappyeverydayistobenothappyatall."Hewassayingtohissonsthathappinessisnotastateyouachieveandkeepbutsomethingthatmustbewonoverandovernomatterwhatthedefeatsandlosses. LaterthatyearIgotajobasanentertainerinsmallclubsandsuddenlyIknewthiswasthecareerIhadbeensearchingfor.TheworldofthetheaterwasfarremovedfromtheworldofmyfatheryetIfoundmyselfreturningtohimtimeandagainforthesamereasonhisfriendsdid. WhenIwas20Igotwhateveryactordreamsof—apermanentjob!AtthattimeatthedepthofthedepressionactorswereoutofworkbythehundredsyetIwantedtoquitthatjobbecauseIneedednewexperiencesandchallenges. Popheardmeoutthensaid"Therearesomepeoplewhoalwayshavetotestthemselvestostretchtheirwingsandtrynewwinds.Ifyouthinkyoucanfindmorehappinessandusefulnessthiswaythenyoushoulddoit."ThisadvicecamefromamanwhoneverleftasecurejobinhislifewhohadtheEuropeantraditionoffamilyresponsibilitybutwhoknewIwasdifferent.HeunderstoodwhatIneededtodoandhehelpedmedoit. ForthenextfewyearsIworkedinclubsandthenIgotmybigbreakappearinginamajormovie.AfterthatIwenttoHollywoodandfromthenonPoplivedwithmeandmyfamilythere.Wehadabigpartyoneevening.ThatnightIthoughtPopmightenjoyhearingsomeoftheoldfolksongsweusedtosingathome.WhenIbegantosingthemusicandthememoriesweretoomuchforhimtoresistandhecameovertojoinme.Ifadedawayandhewasinthemiddleoftheroomsingingalone—inacleartruevoice.Hesangfor15minutesbeforesomeoftheworld’shighest-paidstars.ThissimplekindlyoldmansingingofourEuropeanrootshadtouchedsomethingdeepinthesesophisticatedpeople.Whenhefinishedtherewasoverwhelmingapplause. Iknewtheapplausethatnightwasnotjustforaperformance;itwasforaman. Thebigpartyoneeveningwasarrangedfor
下列各项行于脉中其性精纯柔和者为
Lotsofcreaturesalreadyreproducewithoutsex.SincethebirthofLouiseBrownthefirsttest-tubebabyin19781ofhumanbeings2inlaboratoryglasswareratherthaninbed. Ifhumancloningbecomespossible—andsincethebirthofasheepcalledDolly3doubtthatitwillbefeasibletocloneapersonby2025—eventhelinkbetweensexorgansandreproduction4.Youwillthenbeabletotakeacuttingfromyourbodyandgrowanewperson5youwereawillowtree. 6wehavealreadydivorcedsexfromreproduction.Inthe1960sthecontraceptivepillfreedwomentoenjoysexforitsownsake.7greatertoleranceofhomosexualitysignaledsociety’sacceptanceofnonreproductivesexofanothersort.Thesechangesareonlycontinuationsofa8thatstartedperhapsamillionyearsago. Humanbeings9theinterestininfertilesocialsexwithafewotherspecies:dolphinsapesandsomebirds.But10sexistoogoodforhumanbeingsto11moreandmorepeoplewillabandonitasa12ofreproduction. Inthemodernworldyoucan13havesexandparenthoodwithoutsufferingthebit14.SomeHollywoodactresses15theurgeformotheringbyelectingtoadoptchildren16spoiltheirfiguresastheyseeitbychildbearing.Forpeopleasbeautifulasthisthetemptationto17aclonerearedinasurrogatewombcouldonedaybe18. Howeverhumancloninganddesignerbabiesareprobablynot19.Evenassumingthattheproceduresarejudgedsafeandefficientinfarmanimalsstillalongwayofftheywillbeheavily20ifnotbannedbymanygovernmentsforhumanbeings. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.7
下列各项属于营气的生理功能为
Tounderstandtheroughly100000genesinthehumangenomeresearcherssaytheymustinvestigateanevenmorecomplicatedsetofmolecules-proteins.Genesaretheblueprintsformakingproteinsandthe"sequence"ofagene—itsstructuralpattern—determinesthekindofproteinitmakes.Someproteinsbecomebuildingblocksforstructuralpartsofthecell.Otherproteinsbecomemolecular"machines"enzymeshormonesantibodiesthatcarryoutthemyriadactivitiesnecessarytokeepthecellandthebodyworkingproperly. Withanunderstandingofhumanproteinsortheproteomescientistswillbeabletofightdiseaseonmanyfronts.ForexamplescientistsattheCenterforProteomeAnalysisinOdenseDenmarkhaveisolatedaproteingalectinthatmayfightdiabetes.Diabetesseemstobecausedwheninsulin-producingcellsinthepancreasareinadvertentlykilledbythebody’simmunesystem. TheDanishscientistsspentyearsanalyzingtheproteinspresentindiabetes-proneanddiabetes-resistantcellsandtheytentativelyconcludedthatgalectinprotectsdiabetes-pronecellsfrombeingattackedbytheimmunesystem.Preliminaryanimaltestsinwhichthegalectingenehasbeeninsertedintodiabetes-pronecellsseemtoconfirmthehypothesis. EffectivecancerdrugsmayalsoarisefromadeeperunderstandingofgenesandproteinssaysKenCarterpresidentofTherapeuticGenomicsoneofthemanybiotechcompaniesworkingtodevisenewdrugsbasedongeneticknowledge.Soonscientistswillbeabletoquicklyandaccuratelycomparecancertissuewithnormaltissuetoseewhichgenesare"switchedon"andmakingproteinsandwhichgenesarenothesays. "Ifyoufoundagenethatwashighlyexpressedinprostatecancercellsbutnotothertissuesyoucoulddeducethatgenewasinvolvedinprostatecancer"accordingtoCarter."Wewouldtrytodevelopinthelabawaytoblocktheexpressionofthatgene."Onepossibilitywouldbea"smallmolecule"drugthatwouldattachtoandinactivatethatgene’sprotein. Finallydrugsthemselveswilllikelybecomesaferandmoreeffectivebecausetheywillbetailoredtoanindividual’sgeneticabilitytoprocessmedicinespredictsRobertWaterstondirectoroftheHumanGenomeProjectsequencingcenteratWashingtonUniversityinSt.Louis. Inthefutureabloodtestcouldshowhowmuchofaparticulardrug-processingenzymeapersonhasWaterstonexplains.Thedoctorwouldthenadjustthedoseaccordinglyorprescribeadrugcustomdesignedforthatperson’sgeneticmakeup.Thisnewfieldcalledpharmacogenomicsshouldeliminatemanyofthedrugsideeffectsthatresultfromourcurrentcrudermethodsofdeterminingdosage. AccordingtoKenCartereffectivecancerdrugsmayalsoarisebymeansof
JohnWinstonLennonwasbornintoaworldatwarwithitself—aperfectsymboloftheinternalcontradictionsthatdefinedhislifeandmusic.Germanaircraftweredroppingbombsonhiscityattheverymomentofhisarrival. 41____________.LennonalsohadapowerfulattachmenttohismotherJuliathatlingeredlongaftershediedin1958;theclassic1968albumTheBeatlesknownasthe"WhiteAlbum"foritswhitealbumlinerincludedhissong"Julia"—anexquisiteexpressionofrawsorrow.WhenheandMcCartneyfirstmetonJuly6th1957—atachurchpicnicwhereLennon’sbandwasastarattraction—Lennonwasbuddingintoafusionofboldattitudekeenwitandhonestcharm.TheBeatlesgavehimtheroomtobloom. 42____________. Inafewwaysthecurrentboy-bandphenomenonissimplytheBeatleswithamoderntwist:hugerecordsalesadoringyoungwomenqueueduponthesidewalksoutsidetheirconcertsandthecircus-likeatmospheresurroundingtheireverymove.WithhissharphandsomefeaturesandanattractivewarmthcontrastedbyhisacidturnofphraseLennonevokedasmuchhystericalfemaledesireasanymemberoftheBackStreetBoysifnotallofthemputtogether.43____________. LennonandOnoskillfullyusedthedisbeliefandscornthatoftengreetedtheirprovocativeexploitstopromotetheirpeacecampaigns:demonstratingintheirbedclothesforanendtotheVietnamWarinthespringof1969andpayingforhuge"WARISOVER!"signsintwelvecitiesaroundtheworldthefollowingChristmas.44____________. ApeculiarironyofLennon’sstoryisthewaywetendtoworshiptheManandtheBeatleattheexpenseofthesoloartist.TobefrankLennonwasnotalwaysterrificonhisown.45____________. A.TodaythepopularityoftheBeatlesseemslikeadistantmiracleanancientexplosionofenergeticteenagejoy.Survivingfilmsandhistoricalaccountsonlyhintatthemagicofthetwoyears1963and1964inwhichtheBeatlesbroughtBritainandthenAmericahappilytotheirknees. B.TheBeatlesworesuitsandchattedcheerfullywithreportersinthatfirstcoupleofyears.Theyalsomovedquicklytoseizecontrol—oftheirmusictheircareersandtheirindividualdestinies. C.HisimageastheintellectualBeatle—theshybrilliantseekeroftruthwithastubbornstreakandasmartmouth—wasrootedinhisdaysasawould-beartstudentandteenagerebelwitharemarkableintellect.HefoundsubstitutefatherfiguresinAmericanrockmusicians. D.OnthefinaldayofhislifeLennongaveaninterviewtopromotewhatwouldbehisfinalalbum.Whenaskedabouthis1971singlerecording"PowertothePeople"Lennonsaidhenowbelievedthatpeopledohavethepower."Idon’tmeanthepowerofthegun"heexplained."Theyhavethepowertomakeandcreatethesocietytheywant." E.ThecoupleplantedtreesforpeaceatCoventryCathedralinEnglandandinearly1970cuttheirhairforpeace.InopenlycourtingpublicscornLennonandOnoengineeredavitalpublicdebateaboutpeaceandloveasrealisticgoalsnotjustnaivenonsense. F.Thekeylineinthose"WARISOVER!"signswasinthesmalltypenearthebottom:IFYOUWANTIT.WhenJohnLennondiedheleftuswithauniquebodyofworkandthemostvaluablelessonrock&rollhastooffer:anythingispossible—ifyouwantit. G.HeneverdidbetterthantheintensityandhowlofhisJohnLennon/PlasticOnoBandalbumbutthereismuchinLennon’spost-Beatlemusictobeappreciated.Recordedduringhisso-calledlostweekend—aperiodofseparationfromOno—the1974albumWallsandBridgesisastrikingtestimonytothewretcheddesperationhefelt. 45
Lotsofcreaturesalreadyreproducewithoutsex.SincethebirthofLouiseBrownthefirsttest-tubebabyin19781ofhumanbeings2inlaboratoryglasswareratherthaninbed. Ifhumancloningbecomespossible—andsincethebirthofasheepcalledDolly3doubtthatitwillbefeasibletocloneapersonby2025—eventhelinkbetweensexorgansandreproduction4.Youwillthenbeabletotakeacuttingfromyourbodyandgrowanewperson5youwereawillowtree. 6wehavealreadydivorcedsexfromreproduction.Inthe1960sthecontraceptivepillfreedwomentoenjoysexforitsownsake.7greatertoleranceofhomosexualitysignaledsociety’sacceptanceofnonreproductivesexofanothersort.Thesechangesareonlycontinuationsofa8thatstartedperhapsamillionyearsago. Humanbeings9theinterestininfertilesocialsexwithafewotherspecies:dolphinsapesandsomebirds.But10sexistoogoodforhumanbeingsto11moreandmorepeoplewillabandonitasa12ofreproduction. Inthemodernworldyoucan13havesexandparenthoodwithoutsufferingthebit14.SomeHollywoodactresses15theurgeformotheringbyelectingtoadoptchildren16spoiltheirfiguresastheyseeitbychildbearing.Forpeopleasbeautifulasthisthetemptationto17aclonerearedinasurrogatewombcouldonedaybe18. Howeverhumancloninganddesignerbabiesareprobablynot19.Evenassumingthattheproceduresarejudgedsafeandefficientinfarmanimalsstillalongwayofftheywillbeheavily20ifnotbannedbymanygovernmentsforhumanbeings. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.17
Lotsofcreaturesalreadyreproducewithoutsex.SincethebirthofLouiseBrownthefirsttest-tubebabyin19781ofhumanbeings2inlaboratoryglasswareratherthaninbed. Ifhumancloningbecomespossible—andsincethebirthofasheepcalledDolly3doubtthatitwillbefeasibletocloneapersonby2025—eventhelinkbetweensexorgansandreproduction4.Youwillthenbeabletotakeacuttingfromyourbodyandgrowanewperson5youwereawillowtree. 6wehavealreadydivorcedsexfromreproduction.Inthe1960sthecontraceptivepillfreedwomentoenjoysexforitsownsake.7greatertoleranceofhomosexualitysignaledsociety’sacceptanceofnonreproductivesexofanothersort.Thesechangesareonlycontinuationsofa8thatstartedperhapsamillionyearsago. Humanbeings9theinterestininfertilesocialsexwithafewotherspecies:dolphinsapesandsomebirds.But10sexistoogoodforhumanbeingsto11moreandmorepeoplewillabandonitasa12ofreproduction. Inthemodernworldyoucan13havesexandparenthoodwithoutsufferingthebit14.SomeHollywoodactresses15theurgeformotheringbyelectingtoadoptchildren16spoiltheirfiguresastheyseeitbychildbearing.Forpeopleasbeautifulasthisthetemptationto17aclonerearedinasurrogatewombcouldonedaybe18. Howeverhumancloninganddesignerbabiesareprobablynot19.Evenassumingthattheproceduresarejudgedsafeandefficientinfarmanimalsstillalongwayofftheywillbeheavily20ifnotbannedbymanygovernmentsforhumanbeings. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.13
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