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人参与黄芪功效的共同点，下列哪项是错误的 ，
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以下哪项不是人参与黄芪功效的共同点
补肺气
补脾气
补气生血
补气摄血
补气利水
人参与黄芪功效的共同点下列哪项是错误的
补肺气
补脾气
补气生血
补气利水
人参与黄芪功效的共同点下列哪项是错误的
补肺气
补脾气
补气生血
补气生津
补气利水
人参与黄芪功效的共同点一FNI哪项是错误的
补肺气
补脾气
补气生血
补气生津
补气利水
人参与黄芪功效的共同点下列哪项是错误的
补肺气
补脾气
补气生血
补气生津
补气利水
人参与黄芪功效的共同点下列哪一项是错误的
补肺气
补脾气
补气生血
补气生津
补气利水
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实现进程同步时每一个消息与一个信号量对应进程______可把不同的消息发送出去
Directions: ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyonANSWERSHEET2. Thelevelofeconomicandindustrialdevelopmentenjoyedbyastateaffectstheforeignpolicygoalsitcanpursue.46Asageneralpropositionthemoredevelopedastateiseconomicallythemorelikelyitisthatitwillplayanactivistroleintheworldpoliticaleconomy.Richnationshaveintereststhatextendfarbeyondtheirbordersandtypicallycommandthemeansnecessarytopursueandprotectthem.47Notcoincidentallycountriesthatenjoyindustrialcapabilitiesandextensiveinvolvementininternationaltradealsotendtobemilitarilypowerfulinpartbecausemilitarymightisafunctionofeconomiccapabilities.FortwodecadesafterworldwartwotheUnitedStatesandtheSovietUnionstoodoutassuperpowerspreciselybecausetheybenefitedfromthatcombinationofeconomicandmilitarycapabilityincludingextensivearsenalsofnuclearweaponsandthemeanstodeliverthemanywherethatenabledbothtopracticeunrestrainedglobalism.Theirimperialreachandinterventionistbehaviorswereseeminglyunrestrainedbylimitedwealthorresources.Infactmajorpowershavebeeninvolvedinforeignconflictmorefrequentlythanminorpowers. Althougheconomicallyadvancednationsaremoreactivegloballythisdoesnotmeanthattheirprivilegedcircumstancesdictateadventuresomepolicies.Richnationsareusually"satisfied"onesthathavemuchtolosefromtheonsetofrevolutionarychangeorglobalinstability.48Forthisreasontheyusuallyperceivepreservationofthestatusquoasservingtheirinterestsbestandtheyoftenpracticeinternationaleconomicpoliciesdesignedtoprotectandexpandtheirenviedpositionatthepinnacleoftheglobalhierarchy. Levelsofproductivityandprosperityalsoaffecttheforeignpoliciesofthepoorstatesatthebottomofthehierarchy.49Somerespondtotheireconomicweaknessbycomplyingsubservientlywiththewishesoftherichonwhichtheydepend.Othersrebeldefiantlyandtheysometimessucceedinresistingmajorpowereffortstocontroltheirinternationalbehavior. Henceeffortstogeneralizeabouttheeconomicfoundationsofstates’internationalpoliticalbehavioroftenproveunrewarding.Levelsofeconomicdevelopmentvarywidelyamongstatesintheinternationalsystembuttheydonotbythemselvesdetermineforeignpolicies.50Insteadtheopportunitiesandconstraintsthatleadersperceiveintheirnation’sattributesratherthantheactuallevelofdevelopmentmaybethedeterminingsourceofstates’internationalconduct. Insteadtheopportunitiesandconstraintsthatleadersperceiveintheirnation’sattributesratherthantheactuallevelofdevelopmentmaybethedeterminingsourceofstates’internationalconduct.
在文件系统中设置一张______它利用二进制的一位表示磁盘中一个块的使用情况
"Myownfeelingswentfromdisbelieftoexcitementtodownrightfear"saysCarlHergenrother23anArizonaundergraduatewhoverifiedalargeasteroidbarrelingtowardEarthwitha230emtelescopeatopnearbyKittPeak."Itwasscarybecausetherewasthepossibilitythatwewereconfirmingthedemiseofsomecitysomewhereorsomestateorsmallcountry." Wellnotquite.EarlylastweekhiscelestialinterloperwhizzedbyEarthmissingtheplanetby450620km--ahairbreadthinastronomicalterms.PerhapshalfakilometeracrossitwasthelargestobjecteverobservedtopassthatclosetoEarth. DuncanSteelanAustralianastronomerhascalculatedthatiftheasteroidhadstruckEarthitwouldhavehitatsome93450km/h.Theresultingexplosionscientistsestimatewouldhavebeeninthe3000-to-12000-megatonrange.ThatsaysastronomerEugeneShoemakerapioneerasteroidandcomethunter"isliketakingalloftheU.S.andSovietnuclearweaponsputtingtheminonepileandblowingthemallup." AndwhatifonethemisfoundtobeonacollisioncoursewithEarthScientistsatthenationallaboratoriesatLivermoreCaliforniaandLosAlamosNewMexicohavedevisedanumberofingeniousplansthatgivenenoughwarningtimecouldprotectEarthfromathreateningNEO.Theirdefensiveweaponsofchoiceincludelong-distancemissileswithconventionalormorelikelynuclearwarheadsthatcouldbeusedeithertonudgeanasteroidintoasafeorbitorblastittosmithereens. Manypeople-includingsomeastronomers--areunderstandablynervousaboutputtingastandbysquadronofnucleartippedmissilesinplace.Hencethelateststrategywhichinsomecaseswouldobviatetheneedforanucleardefense:propellingafusilladeofcannonball-sizesteelspheresatanapproachingasteroid.Inahigh-velocityencounterwithaspeedingNEOexplainsGregoryCanavanaseniorscientistatLosAlamos"thekineticenergyoftheballswouldchangeintoheatenergyandblowthethingapart." Someastronomersopposeanyimmediatedefensivepreparationscitingthehighcostsandlowoddsofalargeobject’sstrikingEarthinthecomingdecades.ButattheveryleastShoemakercontendsNEOdetectionshouldbeaccelerated."There’sthisthingcal4edthe’gigglefactor’inCongress"hesays"peopleinCongressandalsoatthetoplevelinNASAstilldon’ttakeitseriously.Butweshouldmoveahead.It’samatterofprudence." TheworldhoweverstillseemslargelyunconcernedwiththedangerposedbylargebodieshurtlinginfromspacedespitethespectacletwoyearsagoofCometShoemaker-Levy9riddlingtheplanetJupiterwithmammothexplosions.Itremainstobeseenwhetherlastweek’srecordnear-misshaschangedanyminds. Itseemsthatthewriteris
采用中断屏蔽技术会封锁______的响应
Comeonmyfellowwhitefolkswehavesomethingtoconfess.Outwithitfriendsthebiggestsecretknowntowhitessincetheinventionofpowderedrouge:welfareisawhiteprogram.Thenumbersgolikethis:61%ofthepopulationreceivingwelfarelistedas"means-testedcashassistance"bytheCensusBureauisidentifiedaswhitewhileonly33%isidentifiedasblack.ThesenumbersnotwithstandingtheRepublicanversionof"politicalcorrectness"hasgivenus"welfarecheat"asanewtermforAfricanAmericansincetheearlydaysofRonaldReagan. Ourconfessionsurelystands:whitefolkshavebeengobblingupthewelfarebudgetwhileblamingsomeoneelse.Butit’sworsethanthat.IfwelookatSocialSecuritywhichisanotherformofwelfarealthoughitisoftenmistakenforanindividualinsuranceprogramthenwhitesaretheoneswhoarecrowdingthetrough.Wereceivealmosttwiceasmuchpercapitaforanaggregateadvantagetoourraceof$10billionayear--muchmorethanthe$3.9billionadvantageAfricanAmericangainfromtheirdisproportionateshareofwelfare.Onesadreason:whitesliveanaverageofsixyearslongerthanAfricanAmericansmeaningthatyoungblackworkershelpsubsidizeahugeandgrowing"over-class"ofwhiteretirees.Idonotseeourconfessionbringingmuchrelief.There’sareasonforresentmentthoughithasmoretodowithclassthanwithrace.Whitepeoplearepoortooandinnumbersfarexceedinganyofourmoregenerouslypigmentedsocialgroups.Andpovertyasdefinedbythegovernmentisavastunderestimationoftheeconomicterrorthatpersistsatincomes--suchas$20000oreven$40000andabove--thatweliketothinkofasmiddleclass. Theproblemisnotthatwelfareistoogeneroustoblacksbutthatsocialwelfareingeneralistoostingytoallconcerned.Naturallywhitesintheswelling"nearpoor"categoryresentthenotionofwholeracessupposedlyfrolickingattheirexpense.Whitesnearpoorandmiddleclassneedhelptoo--asdothemanyAfricanAmericans. Sowewhitefolkshaveachoice.Wecankeeppretendingthatwelfareisblackprogramandaschemefortransferringourearningstothepocketsofshiftlessdark-skinnedpeople.Orwecanclearourthroatsblushprettilyandadmitthatwearehurtingtoo--forcashassistancewhenwe’redownandoutforhealthinsuranceforcollegeaidandalltherest.RacialscapegoatinghasitscharmsIwilladmit:thesurgeofrighteousangereventhefun--forthoseinclined--ofwearingsheetsandburningcrosses.Buttherearebetternoblersourcesofwhiteprideitseemstome.Rememberthis:onlywecantrulydeeplyblush. TheexpressionracialscapegoatingPara.4bestdenotes
"Myownfeelingswentfromdisbelieftoexcitementtodownrightfear"saysCarlHergenrother23anArizonaundergraduatewhoverifiedalargeasteroidbarrelingtowardEarthwitha230emtelescopeatopnearbyKittPeak."Itwasscarybecausetherewasthepossibilitythatwewereconfirmingthedemiseofsomecitysomewhereorsomestateorsmallcountry." Wellnotquite.EarlylastweekhiscelestialinterloperwhizzedbyEarthmissingtheplanetby450620km--ahairbreadthinastronomicalterms.PerhapshalfakilometeracrossitwasthelargestobjecteverobservedtopassthatclosetoEarth. DuncanSteelanAustralianastronomerhascalculatedthatiftheasteroidhadstruckEarthitwouldhavehitatsome93450km/h.Theresultingexplosionscientistsestimatewouldhavebeeninthe3000-to-12000-megatonrange.ThatsaysastronomerEugeneShoemakerapioneerasteroidandcomethunter"isliketakingalloftheU.S.andSovietnuclearweaponsputtingtheminonepileandblowingthemallup." AndwhatifonethemisfoundtobeonacollisioncoursewithEarthScientistsatthenationallaboratoriesatLivermoreCaliforniaandLosAlamosNewMexicohavedevisedanumberofingeniousplansthatgivenenoughwarningtimecouldprotectEarthfromathreateningNEO.Theirdefensiveweaponsofchoiceincludelong-distancemissileswithconventionalormorelikelynuclearwarheadsthatcouldbeusedeithertonudgeanasteroidintoasafeorbitorblastittosmithereens. Manypeople-includingsomeastronomers--areunderstandablynervousaboutputtingastandbysquadronofnucleartippedmissilesinplace.Hencethelateststrategywhichinsomecaseswouldobviatetheneedforanucleardefense:propellingafusilladeofcannonball-sizesteelspheresatanapproachingasteroid.Inahigh-velocityencounterwithaspeedingNEOexplainsGregoryCanavanaseniorscientistatLosAlamos"thekineticenergyoftheballswouldchangeintoheatenergyandblowthethingapart." Someastronomersopposeanyimmediatedefensivepreparationscitingthehighcostsandlowoddsofalargeobject’sstrikingEarthinthecomingdecades.ButattheveryleastShoemakercontendsNEOdetectionshouldbeaccelerated."There’sthisthingcal4edthe’gigglefactor’inCongress"hesays"peopleinCongressandalsoatthetoplevelinNASAstilldon’ttakeitseriously.Butweshouldmoveahead.It’samatterofprudence." TheworldhoweverstillseemslargelyunconcernedwiththedangerposedbylargebodieshurtlinginfromspacedespitethespectacletwoyearsagoofCometShoemaker-Levy9riddlingtheplanetJupiterwithmammothexplosions.Itremainstobeseenwhetherlastweek’srecordnear-misshaschangedanyminds. Fromthefirstthreeparagraphswelearnthat
Directions: Youaregoingtoreadalistofheadingsandatextabouthappiness.ChoosethemostsuitableheadingfromthelistA-Fforeachnumberedparagraph41-45.Thefirstandlastparagraphsofthetextarenotnumbered.Thereisoneextraheadingwhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1. [A]Variousdefinitionsandinterpretationsofhappiness. [B]Oneepisodeofenjoyinghappiness. [C]Somemisconceptionsabouthappiness. [D]Wheretoseekhappiness [E]Happinessisequivalenttotheabilitytorejoice. [F]Thecomplexityofhowtodefinehappiness. "Areyouhappy"IaskedmybrotherIanoneday."Yes.No.Itdependswhatyoumean"hesaid. "Thentellme"Isaid"whenwasthelasttimeyouthinkyouwerehappy" "April1967"hesaid. Itservedmerightforputtingaseriousquestiontosomeonewhohasjokedhiswaythroughlife.ButIan’sanswerremindedmethatwhenwethinkabouthappinessweusuallythinkofsomethingextraordinaryapinnacleofsheerdelight--andthosepinnaclesseemtogetrarertheolderweget. 41.__________. Forachildhappinesshasamagicalquality.Iremembermakinghide-outsinnewlycuthayplayingcopsandrobbersinthewoodsgettingaspeakingpartintheschoolplay.Ofcoursekidsalsoexperiencelowsbuttheirdelightatsuchpeaksofpleasureaswinningaraceorgettinganewbikeisunreserved.Intheteenageyearstheconceptofhappinesschanges.Suddenlyit’sconditionalonsuchthingsasexcitementlovepopularityandwhetherthatzitwillclearupbeforepromnightIcanstillfeeltheagonyofnotbeinginvitedtoapartythatalmosteveryoneelsewasgoingto.ButIalsorecalltheecstasyofbeingpluckedfromobscurityatanothereventtodancewithaJohnTravoltalook-alike.Inadulthoodthethingsthatbringprofoundjoy--birthlovemarriage--alsobringresponsibilityandtheriskofloss.Lovemaynotlastsexisn’talwaysgoodlovedonesdie.Foradultshappinessiscomplicated. 42.__________. Mydictionarydefineshappyas"lucky"or"fortunate"butIthinkabetterdefinitionofhappinessis"thecapacityforenjoyment."Themorewecanenjoywhatwehavethehappierweare.It’seasytooverlookthepleasurewegetfromlovingandbeinglovedthecompanyoffriendsthefreedomtolivewherewepleaseevengoodhealth.Iaddedupmylittlemomentsofpleasureyesterday.FirsttherewassheerblisswhenIshutthelastlunchboxandhadthehousetomyself.ThenIspentanuninterruptedmorningwritingwhichIlove.WhenthekidscamehomeIenjoyedtheirnoiseafterthequietoftheday.LaterpeacedescendedagainandmyhusbandandIenjoyedanotherpleasure-intimacy.Sometimesjusttheknowledgethathewantsmecanbringmejoy. 43.__________. Youneverknowwherehappinesswillturnupnext.WhenIaskedfriendswhatmakesthemhappysomementionedseeminglyinsignificantmoments."Ihateshopping"onefriendsaid."Butthere’sthisclerkwhoalwayschatsandreallycheersmeup.“Anotherfriendlovesthetelephone."EverytimeitringsIknowsomeoneisthinkingaboutme." 44.__________. Igetathrillfromdriving.OnedayIstoppedtoletaschoolbusturnontoasideroad.Thedrivergrinnedandgavemeathumbs-upsign.Weweretwoalliesinaworldofmadmotorists.Itmademesmile.Weallexperiencemomentslikethese.Toofewofusregisterthenashappiness. 45.__________. Psychologiststellusthattobehappyweneedablendofenjoyableleisuretimeandsatisfyingwork.Idoubtthatmygreat-grandmotherwhoraised14childrenandtookinwashinghadmuchofeither.Shedidhaveanet-workofclosefriendsandfamilyandmaybethisiswhatfulfilledher.Ifshewashappywithwhatshehad’perhapsitwasbecauseshedidn’texpectlifetobeverydifferent.Weontheotherhandwithsomanychoicesandsuchpressuretosucceedineveryareahaveturnedhappinessintoonemorethingwe"gottahave."We’resoself-consciousaboutour"right"toitthatit’smakingusmiserable.Sowechaseitandequateitwithwealthandsuccesswithoutnoticingthatthepeoplewhohavethosethingsaren’tnecessarilyhappier. Whilehappinessmaybemorecomplexforusthesolutionisthesameasever.Happinessisn’taboutwhathappenstous--it’sabouthowweperceivewhathappenstous.It’stheknackoffindingapositiveforeverynegativeandviewingasetbackasachallenge.It’snotwishingforwhatwedon’thavebutenjoyingwhatwedopossess. 44
通常文件的逻辑结构可以分为两大类无结构的流式文件和有结构的记录式文件______组织方式既适合于交互方式应用也适合于批处理方式应用
通道在发现CSW中有控制器结束设备结束通道结束设备故障或设备特殊情况时会发出______
TheworldreligionisderivedfromtheLatinnounreligionwhichdenotesboth1observanceofritualobligationsandaninwardspiritofreverence.Inmodernusagereligioncoversawidespectrumof2thatreflectstheenormousvarietyofwaysthetermcanbe3Atoneextrememanycommittedbelievers4onlytheirowntraditionasareligionunderstandingexpressionssuchasworshipandprayertorefer5tothepracticesoftheirtradition.Theymay6usevagueoridealizingtermsindefiningreligion7trueloveofGodorthepathofenlightenment.Attheotherextremereligionmaybeequatedwith8fanaticismorwishfulthinking. Bydefiningreligionasasacredengagementwithwhatistakentobeaspiritualrealityitispossibletoconsidertheimportanceofreligioninhumanlifewithoutmaking9aboutwhatisreallyisoroughttobe.Religionisnotanobjectwithasinglefixedmeaningor10azonewithclearboundaries.ItisanaspectofHuman11thatmayintersectincorporateortranscendotheraspectsoflifeandsociety.Suchadefinitionavoidthedrawbacksof12theinvestigationofreligiontoWesternorbiblicalcategories13monotheismorchurchstructurewhicharenot14. Religioninthisunderstandingincludesacomplexofactivitiesthatcannotbe15toanysingleaspectofhumanexperience.Itisapartofindividuallifebutalsoof16dynamics.Religionincludesnotonlypatternsoflanguageandthought.Itissometimesan17partofaculture.Religiousexperiencemaybeexpressed18visualsymbolsdanceandperformanceelaboratephilosophicalsystemslegendaryandimaginativestoriesformal19anddetailedrulesofsomeways.Thereareasmanyformsofreligiousexpressionastherearehumancultural20. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.18
Directions: Youaregoingtoreadalistofheadingsandatextabouthappiness.ChoosethemostsuitableheadingfromthelistA-Fforeachnumberedparagraph41-45.Thefirstandlastparagraphsofthetextarenotnumbered.Thereisoneextraheadingwhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1. [A]Variousdefinitionsandinterpretationsofhappiness. [B]Oneepisodeofenjoyinghappiness. [C]Somemisconceptionsabouthappiness. [D]Wheretoseekhappiness [E]Happinessisequivalenttotheabilitytorejoice. [F]Thecomplexityofhowtodefinehappiness. "Areyouhappy"IaskedmybrotherIanoneday."Yes.No.Itdependswhatyoumean"hesaid. "Thentellme"Isaid"whenwasthelasttimeyouthinkyouwerehappy" "April1967"hesaid. Itservedmerightforputtingaseriousquestiontosomeonewhohasjokedhiswaythroughlife.ButIan’sanswerremindedmethatwhenwethinkabouthappinessweusuallythinkofsomethingextraordinaryapinnacleofsheerdelight--andthosepinnaclesseemtogetrarertheolderweget. 41.__________. Forachildhappinesshasamagicalquality.Iremembermakinghide-outsinnewlycuthayplayingcopsandrobbersinthewoodsgettingaspeakingpartintheschoolplay.Ofcoursekidsalsoexperiencelowsbuttheirdelightatsuchpeaksofpleasureaswinningaraceorgettinganewbikeisunreserved.Intheteenageyearstheconceptofhappinesschanges.Suddenlyit’sconditionalonsuchthingsasexcitementlovepopularityandwhetherthatzitwillclearupbeforepromnightIcanstillfeeltheagonyofnotbeinginvitedtoapartythatalmosteveryoneelsewasgoingto.ButIalsorecalltheecstasyofbeingpluckedfromobscurityatanothereventtodancewithaJohnTravoltalook-alike.Inadulthoodthethingsthatbringprofoundjoy--birthlovemarriage--alsobringresponsibilityandtheriskofloss.Lovemaynotlastsexisn’talwaysgoodlovedonesdie.Foradultshappinessiscomplicated. 42.__________. Mydictionarydefineshappyas"lucky"or"fortunate"butIthinkabetterdefinitionofhappinessis"thecapacityforenjoyment."Themorewecanenjoywhatwehavethehappierweare.It’seasytooverlookthepleasurewegetfromlovingandbeinglovedthecompanyoffriendsthefreedomtolivewherewepleaseevengoodhealth.Iaddedupmylittlemomentsofpleasureyesterday.FirsttherewassheerblisswhenIshutthelastlunchboxandhadthehousetomyself.ThenIspentanuninterruptedmorningwritingwhichIlove.WhenthekidscamehomeIenjoyedtheirnoiseafterthequietoftheday.LaterpeacedescendedagainandmyhusbandandIenjoyedanotherpleasure-intimacy.Sometimesjusttheknowledgethathewantsmecanbringmejoy. 43.__________. Youneverknowwherehappinesswillturnupnext.WhenIaskedfriendswhatmakesthemhappysomementionedseeminglyinsignificantmoments."Ihateshopping"onefriendsaid."Butthere’sthisclerkwhoalwayschatsandreallycheersmeup.“Anotherfriendlovesthetelephone."EverytimeitringsIknowsomeoneisthinkingaboutme." 44.__________. Igetathrillfromdriving.OnedayIstoppedtoletaschoolbusturnontoasideroad.Thedrivergrinnedandgavemeathumbs-upsign.Weweretwoalliesinaworldofmadmotorists.Itmademesmile.Weallexperiencemomentslikethese.Toofewofusregisterthenashappiness. 45.__________. Psychologiststellusthattobehappyweneedablendofenjoyableleisuretimeandsatisfyingwork.Idoubtthatmygreat-grandmotherwhoraised14childrenandtookinwashinghadmuchofeither.Shedidhaveanet-workofclosefriendsandfamilyandmaybethisiswhatfulfilledher.Ifshewashappywithwhatshehad’perhapsitwasbecauseshedidn’texpectlifetobeverydifferent.Weontheotherhandwithsomanychoicesandsuchpressuretosucceedineveryareahaveturnedhappinessintoonemorethingwe"gottahave."We’resoself-consciousaboutour"right"toitthatit’smakingusmiserable.Sowechaseitandequateitwithwealthandsuccesswithoutnoticingthatthepeoplewhohavethosethingsaren’tnecessarilyhappier. Whilehappinessmaybemorecomplexforusthesolutionisthesameasever.Happinessisn’taboutwhathappenstous--it’sabouthowweperceivewhathappenstous.It’stheknackoffindingapositiveforeverynegativeandviewingasetbackasachallenge.It’snotwishingforwhatwedon’thavebutenjoyingwhatwedopossess. 42
TheworldreligionisderivedfromtheLatinnounreligionwhichdenotesboth1observanceofritualobligationsandaninwardspiritofreverence.Inmodernusagereligioncoversawidespectrumof2thatreflectstheenormousvarietyofwaysthetermcanbe3Atoneextrememanycommittedbelievers4onlytheirowntraditionasareligionunderstandingexpressionssuchasworshipandprayertorefer5tothepracticesoftheirtradition.Theymay6usevagueoridealizingtermsindefiningreligion7trueloveofGodorthepathofenlightenment.Attheotherextremereligionmaybeequatedwith8fanaticismorwishfulthinking. Bydefiningreligionasasacredengagementwithwhatistakentobeaspiritualrealityitispossibletoconsidertheimportanceofreligioninhumanlifewithoutmaking9aboutwhatisreallyisoroughttobe.Religionisnotanobjectwithasinglefixedmeaningor10azonewithclearboundaries.ItisanaspectofHuman11thatmayintersectincorporateortranscendotheraspectsoflifeandsociety.Suchadefinitionavoidthedrawbacksof12theinvestigationofreligiontoWesternorbiblicalcategories13monotheismorchurchstructurewhicharenot14. Religioninthisunderstandingincludesacomplexofactivitiesthatcannotbe15toanysingleaspectofhumanexperience.Itisapartofindividuallifebutalsoof16dynamics.Religionincludesnotonlypatternsoflanguageandthought.Itissometimesan17partofaculture.Religiousexperiencemaybeexpressed18visualsymbolsdanceandperformanceelaboratephilosophicalsystemslegendaryandimaginativestoriesformal19anddetailedrulesofsomeways.Thereareasmanyformsofreligiousexpressionastherearehumancultural20. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.20
Directions: ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyonANSWERSHEET2. Thelevelofeconomicandindustrialdevelopmentenjoyedbyastateaffectstheforeignpolicygoalsitcanpursue.46Asageneralpropositionthemoredevelopedastateiseconomicallythemorelikelyitisthatitwillplayanactivistroleintheworldpoliticaleconomy.Richnationshaveintereststhatextendfarbeyondtheirbordersandtypicallycommandthemeansnecessarytopursueandprotectthem.47Notcoincidentallycountriesthatenjoyindustrialcapabilitiesandextensiveinvolvementininternationaltradealsotendtobemilitarilypowerfulinpartbecausemilitarymightisafunctionofeconomiccapabilities.FortwodecadesafterworldwartwotheUnitedStatesandtheSovietUnionstoodoutassuperpowerspreciselybecausetheybenefitedfromthatcombinationofeconomicandmilitarycapabilityincludingextensivearsenalsofnuclearweaponsandthemeanstodeliverthemanywherethatenabledbothtopracticeunrestrainedglobalism.Theirimperialreachandinterventionistbehaviorswereseeminglyunrestrainedbylimitedwealthorresources.Infactmajorpowershavebeeninvolvedinforeignconflictmorefrequentlythanminorpowers. Althougheconomicallyadvancednationsaremoreactivegloballythisdoesnotmeanthattheirprivilegedcircumstancesdictateadventuresomepolicies.Richnationsareusually"satisfied"onesthathavemuchtolosefromtheonsetofrevolutionarychangeorglobalinstability.48Forthisreasontheyusuallyperceivepreservationofthestatusquoasservingtheirinterestsbestandtheyoftenpracticeinternationaleconomicpoliciesdesignedtoprotectandexpandtheirenviedpositionatthepinnacleoftheglobalhierarchy. Levelsofproductivityandprosperityalsoaffecttheforeignpoliciesofthepoorstatesatthebottomofthehierarchy.49Somerespondtotheireconomicweaknessbycomplyingsubservientlywiththewishesoftherichonwhichtheydepend.Othersrebeldefiantlyandtheysometimessucceedinresistingmajorpowereffortstocontroltheirinternationalbehavior. Henceeffortstogeneralizeabouttheeconomicfoundationsofstates’internationalpoliticalbehavioroftenproveunrewarding.Levelsofeconomicdevelopmentvarywidelyamongstatesintheinternationalsystembuttheydonotbythemselvesdetermineforeignpolicies.50Insteadtheopportunitiesandconstraintsthatleadersperceiveintheirnation’sattributesratherthantheactuallevelofdevelopmentmaybethedeterminingsourceofstates’internationalconduct. Forthisreasontheyusuallyperceivepreservationofthestatusquoasservingtheirinterestsbestandtheyoftenpracticeinternationaleconomicpoliciesdesignedtoprotectandexpandtheirenviedpositionatthepinnacleoftheglobalhierarchy.
TheworldreligionisderivedfromtheLatinnounreligionwhichdenotesboth1observanceofritualobligationsandaninwardspiritofreverence.Inmodernusagereligioncoversawidespectrumof2thatreflectstheenormousvarietyofwaysthetermcanbe3Atoneextrememanycommittedbelievers4onlytheirowntraditionasareligionunderstandingexpressionssuchasworshipandprayertorefer5tothepracticesoftheirtradition.Theymay6usevagueoridealizingtermsindefiningreligion7trueloveofGodorthepathofenlightenment.Attheotherextremereligionmaybeequatedwith8fanaticismorwishfulthinking. Bydefiningreligionasasacredengagementwithwhatistakentobeaspiritualrealityitispossibletoconsidertheimportanceofreligioninhumanlifewithoutmaking9aboutwhatisreallyisoroughttobe.Religionisnotanobjectwithasinglefixedmeaningor10azonewithclearboundaries.ItisanaspectofHuman11thatmayintersectincorporateortranscendotheraspectsoflifeandsociety.Suchadefinitionavoidthedrawbacksof12theinvestigationofreligiontoWesternorbiblicalcategories13monotheismorchurchstructurewhicharenot14. Religioninthisunderstandingincludesacomplexofactivitiesthatcannotbe15toanysingleaspectofhumanexperience.Itisapartofindividuallifebutalsoof16dynamics.Religionincludesnotonlypatternsoflanguageandthought.Itissometimesan17partofaculture.Religiousexperiencemaybeexpressed18visualsymbolsdanceandperformanceelaboratephilosophicalsystemslegendaryandimaginativestoriesformal19anddetailedrulesofsomeways.Thereareasmanyformsofreligiousexpressionastherearehumancultural20. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.6
AMERICA’Scentralbanksentaclearmessagethisweek.ForthesecondconsecutivemeetingtheFederalOpenMarketCommitteethecentralbank’spolicy-makingcommitteeleftshort-terminterestratesunchangedat1.75%.Butitsaidthattherisksfacingtheeconomyhadshiftedfromeconomicweaknesstoabalancebetweenweaknessandexcessivegrowth.Thisshiftsurprisednoone.Butithasconvincedmanypeoplethatinterestratesaresettoriseagain--andsoon. Judgingbypricesinfuturesmarketsinvestorsarebettingthatshort-terminterestratescouldstartrisingasearlyasMayandwillbe1.25percentagepointshigherbytheendoftheyear.Thatmaybeexcessive.EconomistsatGoldmanSachswholongarguedthatthecentralbankwoulddonothingthisyearnowexpectshort-termratestogouponly0.75%thisyearstartinginJune.ButvirtuallyeveryonereckonssomeFedtighteningisintheoffing. ThereasonAfteranunprecedented11rate-cutsin2001short-terminterestratesareabnormallylow.AsthesignsofrobustrecoverymultiplyanalystsexpecttheFedtotakebacksomeoftherate-cutsitusedasan"insurancepolicy"aftertheSeptember11thterroristattack.TheythinktherewillbeagradualmovefromtheFed’scurrent"accommodative"monetarystancetoamoreneutralpolicy.Andaneutralpolicymanyargueultimatelyimpliesshort-terminterestratesofaround4%. Logicalenough.Buthigherratescouldstillbefurtheroffparticularlyiftherecoveryproveslessrobustthanmanyhope.CertainlyrecenteconomicindicatorshavebeenextraordinarilystrongunemploymentfellforthesecondconsecutivemonthinFebruaryandindustrialproductionroseinbothJanuaryandFebruary.Themanufacturingsectorisgrowingafter18monthsofdecline.ThemostoptimisticWallStreetersnowexpectGDPtohaveexpandedbybetween5%and6%onanannualbasisinthefirstquarter. Butonestrongquarterdoesnotimplyasustainablerecovery.Intheshorttermthebounce-backisbeingdrivenbyadramaticrestockingofinventories.Butitcanbesustainedonlyifcorporateinvestmentrecoversandconsumerspendingstaysbuoyant.Withplentyofslackcapacityaroundandmanyfirmsstuckwithhugedebtsandlousyprofitsitishardtoseewheresurginginvestmentwillcomefrom.AnddespitefallingunemploymentAmerica’sconsumerscoulddisappointthebulls. Theseuncertaintiesalonesuggestthecentralbankwillbecautiousaboutraisinginterestrates.IndeedgiventhehugepressureoncorporateprofitstheFederalReservemightbehappytoseeconsumerpricesriseslightly.InshortwhileWallStreetfretsaboutwhenandhowmuchinterestrateswillgoup.Theanswermaywellbenotsoonandnotmuch DespitesignsofstrongeconomicrecoveryAmericancompaniesarestillpressedfor
ThediscoveryoflifebeyondEarthwouldtransformnotonlyoursciencebutalsoourreligionsourbeliefsystemsandourentireworld-view.Forinasensethesearchforextraterrestriallifeisreallyasearchforourselves--whoweareandwhatourplaceisinthegrandsweepofthecosmos. Contrarytopopularbeliefspeculationthatwearenotaloneintheuniverseisasoldasphilosophyitself.TheessentialstepsinthereasoningwerebasedontheatomictheoryoftheancientGreekphilosopherDemocritus.Yetphilosophyisonethingfillinginthephysicaldetailsisanother.Althoughastronomersincreasinglysuspectthatbiofriendlyplanetsmaybeabundantintheuniversethechemicalstepsleadingtoliferemainlargelymysterious. Traditionallybiologistsbelievedthatlifeisafreak--theresultofazillion-to-oneaccidentalconcatenationofmolecules.Itfollowsthatthelikelihoodofitshappeningagainelsewhereinthecosmosisinfinitesimal.Thisviewpointderivesfromthesecondlawofthermodynamicswhichpredictsthattheuniverseisdying--slowlyandinexorablydegeneratingtowardastateoftotalchaos.Andsimilarreasoningappliestoevolution.AccordingtotheorthodoxviewDarwinianselectionisutterlyblind.Anyimpressionthatthetransitionfrommicrobestomanrepresentsprogressispurechauvinismofourpart.Thepathofevolutionismerelyarandomwalkthroughtherealmofpossibilities. Ifthisisrighttherecanbenodirectionalitynoinnatedriveforward;inparticularnopushtowardconsciousnessandintelligence.ShouldEarthbestruckbyanasteroiddestroyingallhigherlife-formsintelligentbeingswouldalmostcertainlynotarisenexttimearound.Thereishoweveracontraryview--onethatisgainingstrengthanddirectlychallengesorthodoxbiology.Itisthatcomplexitycanemergespontaneouslythroughaprocessofself-organization.Ifmatterandenergyhaveaninbuilttendencytoamplifyandchannelorganizedcomplexitytheoddsagainsttheformationoflifeandthesubsequentevolutionofintelligencecouldbedrasticallyshortened. HistoricallyBertrandRussellarguedthatauniverseunderadeathsentencefromthesecondlawofthermodynamicsrenderedhumanlifeultimatelyfutile.Allourachievementsallourstruggles"allthenoondaybrightnessofhumangenius"asheputitwouldinthefinalanalysiscountfornothingiftheverycosmositselfisdoomed.ButwhatifinspiteofthesecondlawofthermodynamicstherecanbesystematicprogressalongsidedecayForthosewhohopeforadeepermeaningorpurposebeneathphysicalexistencethepresenceofextraterrestriallife-formswouldprovideaspectacularboostimplyingthatweliveinauniversethatisinsomesensegettingbetterandbetterratherthanworseandworse. OnthepossibilitiesoflifebeyondEarthastronomers’andancientphilosophers’viewsare
TheworldreligionisderivedfromtheLatinnounreligionwhichdenotesboth1observanceofritualobligationsandaninwardspiritofreverence.Inmodernusagereligioncoversawidespectrumof2thatreflectstheenormousvarietyofwaysthetermcanbe3Atoneextrememanycommittedbelievers4onlytheirowntraditionasareligionunderstandingexpressionssuchasworshipandprayertorefer5tothepracticesoftheirtradition.Theymay6usevagueoridealizingtermsindefiningreligion7trueloveofGodorthepathofenlightenment.Attheotherextremereligionmaybeequatedwith8fanaticismorwishfulthinking. Bydefiningreligionasasacredengagementwithwhatistakentobeaspiritualrealityitispossibletoconsidertheimportanceofreligioninhumanlifewithoutmaking9aboutwhatisreallyisoroughttobe.Religionisnotanobjectwithasinglefixedmeaningor10azonewithclearboundaries.ItisanaspectofHuman11thatmayintersectincorporateortranscendotheraspectsoflifeandsociety.Suchadefinitionavoidthedrawbacksof12theinvestigationofreligiontoWesternorbiblicalcategories13monotheismorchurchstructurewhicharenot14. Religioninthisunderstandingincludesacomplexofactivitiesthatcannotbe15toanysingleaspectofhumanexperience.Itisapartofindividuallifebutalsoof16dynamics.Religionincludesnotonlypatternsoflanguageandthought.Itissometimesan17partofaculture.Religiousexperiencemaybeexpressed18visualsymbolsdanceandperformanceelaboratephilosophicalsystemslegendaryandimaginativestoriesformal19anddetailedrulesofsomeways.Thereareasmanyformsofreligiousexpressionastherearehumancultural20. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.16
TheworldreligionisderivedfromtheLatinnounreligionwhichdenotesboth1observanceofritualobligationsandaninwardspiritofreverence.Inmodernusagereligioncoversawidespectrumof2thatreflectstheenormousvarietyofwaysthetermcanbe3Atoneextrememanycommittedbelievers4onlytheirowntraditionasareligionunderstandingexpressionssuchasworshipandprayertorefer5tothepracticesoftheirtradition.Theymay6usevagueoridealizingtermsindefiningreligion7trueloveofGodorthepathofenlightenment.Attheotherextremereligionmaybeequatedwith8fanaticismorwishfulthinking. Bydefiningreligionasasacredengagementwithwhatistakentobeaspiritualrealityitispossibletoconsidertheimportanceofreligioninhumanlifewithoutmaking9aboutwhatisreallyisoroughttobe.Religionisnotanobjectwithasinglefixedmeaningor10azonewithclearboundaries.ItisanaspectofHuman11thatmayintersectincorporateortranscendotheraspectsoflifeandsociety.Suchadefinitionavoidthedrawbacksof12theinvestigationofreligiontoWesternorbiblicalcategories13monotheismorchurchstructurewhicharenot14. Religioninthisunderstandingincludesacomplexofactivitiesthatcannotbe15toanysingleaspectofhumanexperience.Itisapartofindividuallifebutalsoof16dynamics.Religionincludesnotonlypatternsoflanguageandthought.Itissometimesan17partofaculture.Religiousexperiencemaybeexpressed18visualsymbolsdanceandperformanceelaboratephilosophicalsystemslegendaryandimaginativestoriesformal19anddetailedrulesofsomeways.Thereareasmanyformsofreligiousexpressionastherearehumancultural20. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.14
TheworldreligionisderivedfromtheLatinnounreligionwhichdenotesboth1observanceofritualobligationsandaninwardspiritofreverence.Inmodernusagereligioncoversawidespectrumof2thatreflectstheenormousvarietyofwaysthetermcanbe3Atoneextrememanycommittedbelievers4onlytheirowntraditionasareligionunderstandingexpressionssuchasworshipandprayertorefer5tothepracticesoftheirtradition.Theymay6usevagueoridealizingtermsindefiningreligion7trueloveofGodorthepathofenlightenment.Attheotherextremereligionmaybeequatedwith8fanaticismorwishfulthinking. Bydefiningreligionasasacredengagementwithwhatistakentobeaspiritualrealityitispossibletoconsidertheimportanceofreligioninhumanlifewithoutmaking9aboutwhatisreallyisoroughttobe.Religionisnotanobjectwithasinglefixedmeaningor10azonewithclearboundaries.ItisanaspectofHuman11thatmayintersectincorporateortranscendotheraspectsoflifeandsociety.Suchadefinitionavoidthedrawbacksof12theinvestigationofreligiontoWesternorbiblicalcategories13monotheismorchurchstructurewhicharenot14. Religioninthisunderstandingincludesacomplexofactivitiesthatcannotbe15toanysingleaspectofhumanexperience.Itisapartofindividuallifebutalsoof16dynamics.Religionincludesnotonlypatternsoflanguageandthought.Itissometimesan17partofaculture.Religiousexperiencemaybeexpressed18visualsymbolsdanceandperformanceelaboratephilosophicalsystemslegendaryandimaginativestoriesformal19anddetailedrulesofsomeways.Thereareasmanyformsofreligiousexpressionastherearehumancultural20. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.8
AMERICA’Scentralbanksentaclearmessagethisweek.ForthesecondconsecutivemeetingtheFederalOpenMarketCommitteethecentralbank’spolicy-makingcommitteeleftshort-terminterestratesunchangedat1.75%.Butitsaidthattherisksfacingtheeconomyhadshiftedfromeconomicweaknesstoabalancebetweenweaknessandexcessivegrowth.Thisshiftsurprisednoone.Butithasconvincedmanypeoplethatinterestratesaresettoriseagain--andsoon. Judgingbypricesinfuturesmarketsinvestorsarebettingthatshort-terminterestratescouldstartrisingasearlyasMayandwillbe1.25percentagepointshigherbytheendoftheyear.Thatmaybeexcessive.EconomistsatGoldmanSachswholongarguedthatthecentralbankwoulddonothingthisyearnowexpectshort-termratestogouponly0.75%thisyearstartinginJune.ButvirtuallyeveryonereckonssomeFedtighteningisintheoffing. ThereasonAfteranunprecedented11rate-cutsin2001short-terminterestratesareabnormallylow.AsthesignsofrobustrecoverymultiplyanalystsexpecttheFedtotakebacksomeoftherate-cutsitusedasan"insurancepolicy"aftertheSeptember11thterroristattack.TheythinktherewillbeagradualmovefromtheFed’scurrent"accommodative"monetarystancetoamoreneutralpolicy.Andaneutralpolicymanyargueultimatelyimpliesshort-terminterestratesofaround4%. Logicalenough.Buthigherratescouldstillbefurtheroffparticularlyiftherecoveryproveslessrobustthanmanyhope.CertainlyrecenteconomicindicatorshavebeenextraordinarilystrongunemploymentfellforthesecondconsecutivemonthinFebruaryandindustrialproductionroseinbothJanuaryandFebruary.Themanufacturingsectorisgrowingafter18monthsofdecline.ThemostoptimisticWallStreetersnowexpectGDPtohaveexpandedbybetween5%and6%onanannualbasisinthefirstquarter. Butonestrongquarterdoesnotimplyasustainablerecovery.Intheshorttermthebounce-backisbeingdrivenbyadramaticrestockingofinventories.Butitcanbesustainedonlyifcorporateinvestmentrecoversandconsumerspendingstaysbuoyant.Withplentyofslackcapacityaroundandmanyfirmsstuckwithhugedebtsandlousyprofitsitishardtoseewheresurginginvestmentwillcomefrom.AnddespitefallingunemploymentAmerica’sconsumerscoulddisappointthebulls. Theseuncertaintiesalonesuggestthecentralbankwillbecautiousaboutraisinginterestrates.IndeedgiventhehugepressureoncorporateprofitstheFederalReservemightbehappytoseeconsumerpricesriseslightly.InshortwhileWallStreetfretsaboutwhenandhowmuchinterestrateswillgoup.Theanswermaywellbenotsoonandnotmuch HowdoeseveryonefeelaboutthemessagegivenbyAmerica’scentralbank
"Myownfeelingswentfromdisbelieftoexcitementtodownrightfear"saysCarlHergenrother23anArizonaundergraduatewhoverifiedalargeasteroidbarrelingtowardEarthwitha230emtelescopeatopnearbyKittPeak."Itwasscarybecausetherewasthepossibilitythatwewereconfirmingthedemiseofsomecitysomewhereorsomestateorsmallcountry." Wellnotquite.EarlylastweekhiscelestialinterloperwhizzedbyEarthmissingtheplanetby450620km--ahairbreadthinastronomicalterms.PerhapshalfakilometeracrossitwasthelargestobjecteverobservedtopassthatclosetoEarth. DuncanSteelanAustralianastronomerhascalculatedthatiftheasteroidhadstruckEarthitwouldhavehitatsome93450km/h.Theresultingexplosionscientistsestimatewouldhavebeeninthe3000-to-12000-megatonrange.ThatsaysastronomerEugeneShoemakerapioneerasteroidandcomethunter"isliketakingalloftheU.S.andSovietnuclearweaponsputtingtheminonepileandblowingthemallup." AndwhatifonethemisfoundtobeonacollisioncoursewithEarthScientistsatthenationallaboratoriesatLivermoreCaliforniaandLosAlamosNewMexicohavedevisedanumberofingeniousplansthatgivenenoughwarningtimecouldprotectEarthfromathreateningNEO.Theirdefensiveweaponsofchoiceincludelong-distancemissileswithconventionalormorelikelynuclearwarheadsthatcouldbeusedeithertonudgeanasteroidintoasafeorbitorblastittosmithereens. Manypeople-includingsomeastronomers--areunderstandablynervousaboutputtingastandbysquadronofnucleartippedmissilesinplace.Hencethelateststrategywhichinsomecaseswouldobviatetheneedforanucleardefense:propellingafusilladeofcannonball-sizesteelspheresatanapproachingasteroid.Inahigh-velocityencounterwithaspeedingNEOexplainsGregoryCanavanaseniorscientistatLosAlamos"thekineticenergyoftheballswouldchangeintoheatenergyandblowthethingapart." Someastronomersopposeanyimmediatedefensivepreparationscitingthehighcostsandlowoddsofalargeobject’sstrikingEarthinthecomingdecades.ButattheveryleastShoemakercontendsNEOdetectionshouldbeaccelerated."There’sthisthingcal4edthe’gigglefactor’inCongress"hesays"peopleinCongressandalsoatthetoplevelinNASAstilldon’ttakeitseriously.Butweshouldmoveahead.It’samatterofprudence." TheworldhoweverstillseemslargelyunconcernedwiththedangerposedbylargebodieshurtlinginfromspacedespitethespectacletwoyearsagoofCometShoemaker-Levy9riddlingtheplanetJupiterwithmammothexplosions.Itremainstobeseenwhetherlastweek’srecordnear-misshaschangedanyminds. ThedescriptionofCongress’sgigglefactorPara.6showsthewriter’s
假定某操作系统存储器采用页式存储管理页的大小为64字节假定一进程的代码段的长度为702字节页表如表6-5所示该进程在相联存储器中的页表如表6-6所示 表6-5页表1 页号 页框号 页号 页框号 0 F0 3 F3 1 F1 4 F4 2 F2 5 F5 6 F6 9 F9 7 F7 10 F10 8 F8 表6-6页表2 页号 页框号 0 F0 1 F1 2 F2 3 F3 4 F4现进程有如下的访问序列其逻辑地址为八进制的10521756711202500试问给定的这些地址能否进行转换若能请说明地址转换过程及相应的物理地址若不能则说明理由
Comeonmyfellowwhitefolkswehavesomethingtoconfess.Outwithitfriendsthebiggestsecretknowntowhitessincetheinventionofpowderedrouge:welfareisawhiteprogram.Thenumbersgolikethis:61%ofthepopulationreceivingwelfarelistedas"means-testedcashassistance"bytheCensusBureauisidentifiedaswhitewhileonly33%isidentifiedasblack.ThesenumbersnotwithstandingtheRepublicanversionof"politicalcorrectness"hasgivenus"welfarecheat"asanewtermforAfricanAmericansincetheearlydaysofRonaldReagan. Ourconfessionsurelystands:whitefolkshavebeengobblingupthewelfarebudgetwhileblamingsomeoneelse.Butit’sworsethanthat.IfwelookatSocialSecuritywhichisanotherformofwelfarealthoughitisoftenmistakenforanindividualinsuranceprogramthenwhitesaretheoneswhoarecrowdingthetrough.Wereceivealmosttwiceasmuchpercapitaforanaggregateadvantagetoourraceof$10billionayear--muchmorethanthe$3.9billionadvantageAfricanAmericangainfromtheirdisproportionateshareofwelfare.Onesadreason:whitesliveanaverageofsixyearslongerthanAfricanAmericansmeaningthatyoungblackworkershelpsubsidizeahugeandgrowing"over-class"ofwhiteretirees.Idonotseeourconfessionbringingmuchrelief.There’sareasonforresentmentthoughithasmoretodowithclassthanwithrace.Whitepeoplearepoortooandinnumbersfarexceedinganyofourmoregenerouslypigmentedsocialgroups.Andpovertyasdefinedbythegovernmentisavastunderestimationoftheeconomicterrorthatpersistsatincomes--suchas$20000oreven$40000andabove--thatweliketothinkofasmiddleclass. Theproblemisnotthatwelfareistoogeneroustoblacksbutthatsocialwelfareingeneralistoostingytoallconcerned.Naturallywhitesintheswelling"nearpoor"categoryresentthenotionofwholeracessupposedlyfrolickingattheirexpense.Whitesnearpoorandmiddleclassneedhelptoo--asdothemanyAfricanAmericans. Sowewhitefolkshaveachoice.Wecankeeppretendingthatwelfareisblackprogramandaschemefortransferringourearningstothepocketsofshiftlessdark-skinnedpeople.Orwecanclearourthroatsblushprettilyandadmitthatwearehurtingtoo--forcashassistancewhenwe’redownandoutforhealthinsuranceforcollegeaidandalltherest.RacialscapegoatinghasitscharmsIwilladmit:thesurgeofrighteousangereventhefun--forthoseinclined--ofwearingsheetsandburningcrosses.Buttherearebetternoblersourcesofwhiteprideitseemstome.Rememberthis:onlywecantrulydeeplyblush. WhitefolksinU.S.areatagreateradvantageinthat
Comeonmyfellowwhitefolkswehavesomethingtoconfess.Outwithitfriendsthebiggestsecretknowntowhitessincetheinventionofpowderedrouge:welfareisawhiteprogram.Thenumbersgolikethis:61%ofthepopulationreceivingwelfarelistedas"means-testedcashassistance"bytheCensusBureauisidentifiedaswhitewhileonly33%isidentifiedasblack.ThesenumbersnotwithstandingtheRepublicanversionof"politicalcorrectness"hasgivenus"welfarecheat"asanewtermforAfricanAmericansincetheearlydaysofRonaldReagan. Ourconfessionsurelystands:whitefolkshavebeengobblingupthewelfarebudgetwhileblamingsomeoneelse.Butit’sworsethanthat.IfwelookatSocialSecuritywhichisanotherformofwelfarealthoughitisoftenmistakenforanindividualinsuranceprogramthenwhitesaretheoneswhoarecrowdingthetrough.Wereceivealmosttwiceasmuchpercapitaforanaggregateadvantagetoourraceof$10billionayear--muchmorethanthe$3.9billionadvantageAfricanAmericangainfromtheirdisproportionateshareofwelfare.Onesadreason:whitesliveanaverageofsixyearslongerthanAfricanAmericansmeaningthatyoungblackworkershelpsubsidizeahugeandgrowing"over-class"ofwhiteretirees.Idonotseeourconfessionbringingmuchrelief.There’sareasonforresentmentthoughithasmoretodowithclassthanwithrace.Whitepeoplearepoortooandinnumbersfarexceedinganyofourmoregenerouslypigmentedsocialgroups.Andpovertyasdefinedbythegovernmentisavastunderestimationoftheeconomicterrorthatpersistsatincomes--suchas$20000oreven$40000andabove--thatweliketothinkofasmiddleclass. Theproblemisnotthatwelfareistoogeneroustoblacksbutthatsocialwelfareingeneralistoostingytoallconcerned.Naturallywhitesintheswelling"nearpoor"categoryresentthenotionofwholeracessupposedlyfrolickingattheirexpense.Whitesnearpoorandmiddleclassneedhelptoo--asdothemanyAfricanAmericans. Sowewhitefolkshaveachoice.Wecankeeppretendingthatwelfareisblackprogramandaschemefortransferringourearningstothepocketsofshiftlessdark-skinnedpeople.Orwecanclearourthroatsblushprettilyandadmitthatwearehurtingtoo--forcashassistancewhenwe’redownandoutforhealthinsuranceforcollegeaidandalltherest.RacialscapegoatinghasitscharmsIwilladmit:thesurgeofrighteousangereventhefun--forthoseinclined--ofwearingsheetsandburningcrosses.Buttherearebetternoblersourcesofwhiteprideitseemstome.Rememberthis:onlywecantrulydeeplyblush. Thefunctionofthelastparagraphis
TheworldreligionisderivedfromtheLatinnounreligionwhichdenotesboth1observanceofritualobligationsandaninwardspiritofreverence.Inmodernusagereligioncoversawidespectrumof2thatreflectstheenormousvarietyofwaysthetermcanbe3Atoneextrememanycommittedbelievers4onlytheirowntraditionasareligionunderstandingexpressionssuchasworshipandprayertorefer5tothepracticesoftheirtradition.Theymay6usevagueoridealizingtermsindefiningreligion7trueloveofGodorthepathofenlightenment.Attheotherextremereligionmaybeequatedwith8fanaticismorwishfulthinking. Bydefiningreligionasasacredengagementwithwhatistakentobeaspiritualrealityitispossibletoconsidertheimportanceofreligioninhumanlifewithoutmaking9aboutwhatisreallyisoroughttobe.Religionisnotanobjectwithasinglefixedmeaningor10azonewithclearboundaries.ItisanaspectofHuman11thatmayintersectincorporateortranscendotheraspectsoflifeandsociety.Suchadefinitionavoidthedrawbacksof12theinvestigationofreligiontoWesternorbiblicalcategories13monotheismorchurchstructurewhicharenot14. Religioninthisunderstandingincludesacomplexofactivitiesthatcannotbe15toanysingleaspectofhumanexperience.Itisapartofindividuallifebutalsoof16dynamics.Religionincludesnotonlypatternsoflanguageandthought.Itissometimesan17partofaculture.Religiousexperiencemaybeexpressed18visualsymbolsdanceandperformanceelaboratephilosophicalsystemslegendaryandimaginativestoriesformal19anddetailedrulesofsomeways.Thereareasmanyformsofreligiousexpressionastherearehumancultural20. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10
ThediscoveryoflifebeyondEarthwouldtransformnotonlyoursciencebutalsoourreligionsourbeliefsystemsandourentireworld-view.Forinasensethesearchforextraterrestriallifeisreallyasearchforourselves--whoweareandwhatourplaceisinthegrandsweepofthecosmos. Contrarytopopularbeliefspeculationthatwearenotaloneintheuniverseisasoldasphilosophyitself.TheessentialstepsinthereasoningwerebasedontheatomictheoryoftheancientGreekphilosopherDemocritus.Yetphilosophyisonethingfillinginthephysicaldetailsisanother.Althoughastronomersincreasinglysuspectthatbiofriendlyplanetsmaybeabundantintheuniversethechemicalstepsleadingtoliferemainlargelymysterious. Traditionallybiologistsbelievedthatlifeisafreak--theresultofazillion-to-oneaccidentalconcatenationofmolecules.Itfollowsthatthelikelihoodofitshappeningagainelsewhereinthecosmosisinfinitesimal.Thisviewpointderivesfromthesecondlawofthermodynamicswhichpredictsthattheuniverseisdying--slowlyandinexorablydegeneratingtowardastateoftotalchaos.Andsimilarreasoningappliestoevolution.AccordingtotheorthodoxviewDarwinianselectionisutterlyblind.Anyimpressionthatthetransitionfrommicrobestomanrepresentsprogressispurechauvinismofourpart.Thepathofevolutionismerelyarandomwalkthroughtherealmofpossibilities. Ifthisisrighttherecanbenodirectionalitynoinnatedriveforward;inparticularnopushtowardconsciousnessandintelligence.ShouldEarthbestruckbyanasteroiddestroyingallhigherlife-formsintelligentbeingswouldalmostcertainlynotarisenexttimearound.Thereishoweveracontraryview--onethatisgainingstrengthanddirectlychallengesorthodoxbiology.Itisthatcomplexitycanemergespontaneouslythroughaprocessofself-organization.Ifmatterandenergyhaveaninbuilttendencytoamplifyandchannelorganizedcomplexitytheoddsagainsttheformationoflifeandthesubsequentevolutionofintelligencecouldbedrasticallyshortened. HistoricallyBertrandRussellarguedthatauniverseunderadeathsentencefromthesecondlawofthermodynamicsrenderedhumanlifeultimatelyfutile.Allourachievementsallourstruggles"allthenoondaybrightnessofhumangenius"asheputitwouldinthefinalanalysiscountfornothingiftheverycosmositselfisdoomed.ButwhatifinspiteofthesecondlawofthermodynamicstherecanbesystematicprogressalongsidedecayForthosewhohopeforadeepermeaningorpurposebeneathphysicalexistencethepresenceofextraterrestriallife-formswouldprovideaspectacularboostimplyingthatweliveinauniversethatisinsomesensegettingbetterandbetterratherthanworseandworse. Underthelawofthermodynamicstheuniverseissupposed
Directions: A.Studythefollowingsetofpicturescarefullyandwriteanessayinnolessthan160words. B.YouressaymustbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2. C.Youressayshouldmeettherequirementsbelow: 1Interpretthefollowingpictures 2analyzepossiblereasonsand 3predictthetendencies.
TheworldreligionisderivedfromtheLatinnounreligionwhichdenotesboth1observanceofritualobligationsandaninwardspiritofreverence.Inmodernusagereligioncoversawidespectrumof2thatreflectstheenormousvarietyofwaysthetermcanbe3Atoneextrememanycommittedbelievers4onlytheirowntraditionasareligionunderstandingexpressionssuchasworshipandprayertorefer5tothepracticesoftheirtradition.Theymay6usevagueoridealizingtermsindefiningreligion7trueloveofGodorthepathofenlightenment.Attheotherextremereligionmaybeequatedwith8fanaticismorwishfulthinking. Bydefiningreligionasasacredengagementwithwhatistakentobeaspiritualrealityitispossibletoconsidertheimportanceofreligioninhumanlifewithoutmaking9aboutwhatisreallyisoroughttobe.Religionisnotanobjectwithasinglefixedmeaningor10azonewithclearboundaries.ItisanaspectofHuman11thatmayintersectincorporateortranscendotheraspectsoflifeandsociety.Suchadefinitionavoidthedrawbacksof12theinvestigationofreligiontoWesternorbiblicalcategories13monotheismorchurchstructurewhicharenot14. Religioninthisunderstandingincludesacomplexofactivitiesthatcannotbe15toanysingleaspectofhumanexperience.Itisapartofindividuallifebutalsoof16dynamics.Religionincludesnotonlypatternsoflanguageandthought.Itissometimesan17partofaculture.Religiousexperiencemaybeexpressed18visualsymbolsdanceandperformanceelaboratephilosophicalsystemslegendaryandimaginativestoriesformal19anddetailedrulesofsomeways.Thereareasmanyformsofreligiousexpressionastherearehumancultural20. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.12
Directions: ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyonANSWERSHEET2. Thelevelofeconomicandindustrialdevelopmentenjoyedbyastateaffectstheforeignpolicygoalsitcanpursue.46Asageneralpropositionthemoredevelopedastateiseconomicallythemorelikelyitisthatitwillplayanactivistroleintheworldpoliticaleconomy.Richnationshaveintereststhatextendfarbeyondtheirbordersandtypicallycommandthemeansnecessarytopursueandprotectthem.47Notcoincidentallycountriesthatenjoyindustrialcapabilitiesandextensiveinvolvementininternationaltradealsotendtobemilitarilypowerfulinpartbecausemilitarymightisafunctionofeconomiccapabilities.FortwodecadesafterworldwartwotheUnitedStatesandtheSovietUnionstoodoutassuperpowerspreciselybecausetheybenefitedfromthatcombinationofeconomicandmilitarycapabilityincludingextensivearsenalsofnuclearweaponsandthemeanstodeliverthemanywherethatenabledbothtopracticeunrestrainedglobalism.Theirimperialreachandinterventionistbehaviorswereseeminglyunrestrainedbylimitedwealthorresources.Infactmajorpowershavebeeninvolvedinforeignconflictmorefrequentlythanminorpowers. Althougheconomicallyadvancednationsaremoreactivegloballythisdoesnotmeanthattheirprivilegedcircumstancesdictateadventuresomepolicies.Richnationsareusually"satisfied"onesthathavemuchtolosefromtheonsetofrevolutionarychangeorglobalinstability.48Forthisreasontheyusuallyperceivepreservationofthestatusquoasservingtheirinterestsbestandtheyoftenpracticeinternationaleconomicpoliciesdesignedtoprotectandexpandtheirenviedpositionatthepinnacleoftheglobalhierarchy. Levelsofproductivityandprosperityalsoaffecttheforeignpoliciesofthepoorstatesatthebottomofthehierarchy.49Somerespondtotheireconomicweaknessbycomplyingsubservientlywiththewishesoftherichonwhichtheydepend.Othersrebeldefiantlyandtheysometimessucceedinresistingmajorpowereffortstocontroltheirinternationalbehavior. Henceeffortstogeneralizeabouttheeconomicfoundationsofstates’internationalpoliticalbehavioroftenproveunrewarding.Levelsofeconomicdevelopmentvarywidelyamongstatesintheinternationalsystembuttheydonotbythemselvesdetermineforeignpolicies.50Insteadtheopportunitiesandconstraintsthatleadersperceiveintheirnation’sattributesratherthantheactuallevelofdevelopmentmaybethedeterminingsourceofstates’internationalconduct. Asageneralpropositionthemoredevelopedastateiseconomicallythemorelikelyitisthatitwillplayanactivistroleintheworldpoliticaleconomy.
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