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PARTFOURWRITINGSECTIONADirections:Readthefollowing

Directions:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEngli

Directions:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese

Ofthefollowing______iscorrect．

the Sailing Directions Book is also known as Pilot Book the Sailing Directions Book and the Pilot Book are different books the Pilot Book is a part of the Sailing Directions the Sailing Directions Book contains the Pilot Book"

Directions:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEngli

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人之伤于寒也则为病热热虽甚不死其两感于寒者必不免于死素问·热论
Text4 Itistrueasthemovementcritics assertthatthepresentwomen’sliberationgroupsarealmostentirelybased amongmiddleclasswomenthatiscollegeandcareerwomen;andtheissuesof psychologicalandsexualexploitationandtoalesserextentexploitation throughconsumptionhavebeenthemostprominentones.Itis notsurprisingthatthewomen’sliberationmovementshouldbeginamongbourgeois womenandshouldbedominatedinthebeginningbytheirconsciousnessandtheir particularconcerns.Radicalwomenaregenerallythepostwarmiddleclass generationthatgrewupwiththerighttovotethechanceathighereducation andtrainingforsupportiverolesintheprofessionsandbusiness.Mostofthem areyoungandsophisticatedenoughtohavenotyethadchildrenanddonothave tomarrytosupportthemselves.Incomparisonwithmostwomentheyarecapable ofacertainamountofcontrolovertheirlives.Thehigher developmentofbourgeoisdemocraticsocietyallowsthewomenwhobenefitfrom educationandrelativeequalitytoseethecontradictionsbetweenitsrhetoric everychildcanbecomepresidentandtheiractualplaceinthatsociety.The workingclasswomanmightbelievethateducationcouldhavemadeherfinancially independentbuttheeducatedcareerwomanfindsthatmoneyhasnotmadeher independent.Infactbecauseshehasbeenallowedtoprogresshalfwayonthe upward-mobilityladdershecanseetherestofthedistancethatisdeniedher onlybecausesheisawoman.Shecanseethesimilaritybetweenheroppression andthatofothersectionsofthepopulation.Thusfromtheirownexperience radicalwomeninthemovementareawareofmorefaultsinthesocietythan racismandimperialism.Becausetheyhavepushedthedemocraticmythtoits limitstheyknowconcretelyhowitlimitsthem.Atthesame timethatradicalwomenwerelearningaboutAmericansocietytheywerealso becomingawareofthemalechauvinisminthemovement.Infactthatisusually thecauseoftheirfirstconscious100verbalizationoftheprejudicetheyfeel; itismoredisillusioningtoknowthatthesamecontradictionexistsbetweenthe movement’srhetoricofequalityanditsrealityforweexpectmoreofour comrades.Thisrealizationofthedeep-seatedprejudiceagainst themselvesinthemovementproducestwocommonreactionsamongitswomen:1a preoccupationwiththisimmediatebarrierandperhapsaresultant hopelessnessand2atendencytoretreatinwardtobuythefool’sgoldof creatingapersonallyliberatedlifestyle.Howeverourconcept ofliberationrepresentsaconsciousnessthatconditionshaveforcedonuswhile mostofoursistersarechainedbyotherconditionsbiologicalandeconomic thatoverwhelmtheirhumanityanddesiresforself-fulfillment.Ourbackground accountsforourignoranceaboutthestarkoppressionofwomen’sdaily lives.ThebasicdifferencebetweenMiddleClasswomenandotherwomenintheliberationmovementisthat
LongbeforeManlivedontheEarththerewerefishes reptilesbirdsinsectsandsomemammals.Althoughsomeoftheseanimalswere ancestorsofkindslivingtodayothersarenowextinctthatistheyhaveno descendantsalivenow.41.Veryoccasionallytherocks showimpressionofskinsothatapartfromcolorwecanbuildupareasonably accuratepictureofananimalthatdiedmillionsofyearsago.Thatkindofrock inwhichtheremainsarefoundtellsusmuchaboutthenatureoftheoriginal landoftenoftheplantsthatgrewonitandevenofitsclimate. 42Nearlyallofthefossilsthatweknowwerepreservedin rocksformedbywateractionandmostoftheseareofanimalsthatlivedinor nearwater.Thusitfollowsthattheremustbemanykindsofmammalsbirdsand insectsofwhichweknownothing.43.Therewerealso crablikecreatureswhosebodieswerecoveredwithahornysubstance.Thebody segmentseachhadtwopairsoflegsonepairforwalkingonthesandybottom theotherforswimming.Theheadwasakindofshieldwithapairofcompound eyesoftenwiththousandsoflenses.Theywereusuallyaninchortwolongbut somewere2feet.44.Ofthesetheammonitesarevery interestingandimportant.Theyhaveashellcomposedofmanychamberseach representingatemporaryhomeoftheanimal.Astheyounggrewlargeritgrewa newchamberandsealedoffthepreviousone.Thousandsofthesecanbeseenin therocksontheDorsetCoast.45.About75millionyears agotheAgeofReptileswasoverandmostofthegroupsdiedout.Themammals quicklydevelopedandwecantracetheevolutionofmanyfamiliaranimalssuch astheelephantandhorse.Manyofthelatermammalsthoughnowextinctwere knowntoprimitivemanandwerefeaturedbyhimincavepaintingsandonbone carvings.[A]Theshellfishhavealonghistoryintherockand manydifferentkindsareknown[B]Neverthelessweknowagreat dealaboutmanyofthembecausetheirbonesandshellshavebeenpreservedin therocksasfossils.Fromthemwecantelltheirsizeandshapehowthey walkedthekindoffoodtheyate.[C]Thefirstanimalswith truebackboneswerethefishesfirstknownintherocksof375millionyears ago.About300millionyearsagotheamphibianstheanimalsabletoliveboth onlandandinwaterappeared.Theyweregiantsometimes8feetlongandmany ofthemlivedintheswampypoolsinwhichourcoalseamorlayerorformed. Theamphibiansgaverisetothereptilesandfornearly150millionyearsthese weretheprincipalformsoflifeonlandintheseaandintheair. [D]Thebestindexfossilstendtobemarinecreature.Thereanimals evolvedrapidlyandspreadoverlargeoverlargeareasoftheworld. [E]Theearliestanimalswhoseremainshavebeenfoundwereallvery simplekindsandlivedinthesea.Laterformaaremorecomplexandamongthese arethesea-liliesrelationsofthestar-fisheswhichhadlongarmsandwere attachedbyalongstalktotheseabedortorocks.[F]When ananimaldiesthebodyitsbonesorshellmayoftenbecarriedawayby streamsintolakesortheseaandtheregetcoveredupbymud.Iftheanimal livedintheseaitsbodywouldprobablysinkandbecoveredwithmud.Moreand moremudwouldfalluponituntilthebonesorshellbecomeembeddedand preserved.[G]Manyfactorscaninfluencehowfossilsare preservedinrocks.Remainsofanorganismmaybereplacedbyminerals dissolvedbyanacidicsolutiontoleaveonlytheirimpressionorsimply reducedtoamorestableform.
Text2 Scientistshaveforthefirsttimeused cloningtocreatehumanembryosthatlivelongenoughinalaboratorydishto havetheirstemcellsharvested.Thefeatcouldsetthestageforphysiciansto producecellsandtissuestailoredtoapatient’sgeneticidentitythatcan treatawidevarietyofhumanillnesses.Theaccomplishmentalsoprovidesaroad mapforhowtocloneapersonanevenmoredivisiveundertaking. ThenewworkperformedinSouthKorearepresentsamajoradvancein stemcellresearch.Itcouldhelpspuramedicalrevolutionasimportantas antibioticsandvaccinessaysRobertLanzaofAdvancedCellTechnologyACT acompanyinWorcesterMass.that’salsoinvestigatingthepromisingstemcell strategycalledtherapeuticcloning.Howevernowthatthe methodologyispubliclyavailableLanzaaddsIthinkitisabsolutely imperativethatwepasslawsworldwidetopreventthetechnologyfrombeing abusedforreproductive-cloningpurposes.Whilesomefertility doctorsandareligiousculthaveclaimedsuccessatcreatingapregnancyvia cloningthey’veofferednoconvincingproof.IncontrasttheSouthKorean researchisbeingreportedatthemeetingoftheAmericanAssociationforthe AdvancementofScienceinSeattleandwillappearinanupcomingScience.This isrealitysaysstemcellresearcherJohnGearhartofJohnsHopkins University.He4’eisabonafiderefereedjournalsayingthatahumanembryo hasbeenclonedandacelllinederivedfromit.AlthoughACT hasnotyetpublishedareportofaclonedhumanblastocystLanzasaysthatthe SouthKoreansuccessisconsistentwithourownresults.Therapeuticcloning appealstoLanzaandphysiciansbecausecellsmadethiswaycouldhavethesame DNAasapatient’scellsdoandthusavoidrejectionafterthey’re transplanted.Seekingacompromisethatwouldpermitthis strategytobepursuedmanyscientistshavecalledforlegislationthatwould bancloningtoproduceababybutallowthecreationofclonedembryosto generatestemcellsforresearchortherapies.Thedebatehasbeenvery polarizednotesbio-ethicistLaurieZolothofNorthwesternUniversityin Evanston.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethathumancloning
寒胜则浮
Text3 Sincetheindustrialrevolution governmentsocietyandindustryhaveattemptedtochanneltechnological progressinusefuldirections.Whetheritistheprintingpressthecottongin theautomobileortheInternettechnologicalinnovationsoftenhaveprofound economicandsocialeffects.Toharnessthebenefitsandminimizethemore harmfuleffectsofnewtechnologiesmoderngovernmentsusefourbasic approaches:specificdirectionmarketincentivescriminalprohibitionand behaviormodification.Specificdirectionstartswith governmentsidentifyingoneormorekeyfactorsintheR&Dphase.Then usingavarietyofmeansrangingfromadministrativeregulationtooutright stateownershipthegovernmentseekstocontroltheimplementationofthe technology.Marketincentivesarethedeliberatemanipulationof themarketbythegovernmenttocontrolhowaparticularlytechnologyis distributedandused.Forexamplesomegovernmentsimposetaxestocoverthe hiddencostsassociatedwiththeuseofaparticulartechnology.Forexample raisinggasolinetaxestopayforhighwayimprovements.Othermethodsinclude thegrantingofsubsidiestoprivateresearchersorthestrengtheningof intellectualpropertylawstogiveaddedincentivestodevelopers. Criminalprohibitionusuallytakesplacewhenstrongoppositionexiststo aparticulartechnologyorfieldofresearch.Inrecentyearsmostdeveloped countrieshaveenactedlegislationtobanthecloningofhumanbeings.Other examplesaretheenforcementofcleanairregulationsthatforcepowerplantsto emitfewergreenhousegasses.Finallybehaviormodification includestheuseofthemediaadvertisingandgovernmentandcorporate leadershiptoencourageaparticularsocietytouseatechnologyinabeneficial way.ForexamplewhilethereislimitedgovernmentregulationoftheInternet websitesareencouragedtoinstallsafeguardstopreventchildrenfromviewing inappropriatematerial.Arecentnationaladvertisingcampaignrecentlyboosted thepercentageofNewYorkresidentswhorecycledbyalmost25%.Suchcampaigns donotusedirectgovernmentregulationbutinsteadappealtotheuser’ssense ofcivicdutyorsocialresponsibility.Ofallnewtechnologies perhapsnonehaschangedthelandscapeandcharacterofAmericanlifemorethan theautomobile.Yetthecostsofthistechnologyarenotalwaysreflectedin thepriceofUsingthetechnology.Forexampleitcostsanoilcompany$0.89 pergallonofgasproduced.ThissameliterissoldtoU.S.consumersatabout $1.20pergallon.Yetwhilethispricereflectsthecostofproductionplusa profitfortheoilcompanyitdoesnotreflecttheactualcostofusingthe technology.Forthatwemustfactorintheenvironmentalcostsassociatedwith airpollutionincreasedhealthcareenvironmentaldegradationandthe politicalcostsdependenceonforeignoilenergyshortages.Inshortin ordertobeeffectiveallofthesestrategiesforchannelingtechnologyto benefitsocietymustincorporateallthecostsassociatedwith usage.Marketincentivesareusefulinthatthey
属于寒邪性质和致病特点的是
Text2 Scientistshaveforthefirsttimeused cloningtocreatehumanembryosthatlivelongenoughinalaboratorydishto havetheirstemcellsharvested.Thefeatcouldsetthestageforphysiciansto producecellsandtissuestailoredtoapatient’sgeneticidentitythatcan treatawidevarietyofhumanillnesses.Theaccomplishmentalsoprovidesaroad mapforhowtocloneapersonanevenmoredivisiveundertaking. ThenewworkperformedinSouthKorearepresentsamajoradvancein stemcellresearch.Itcouldhelpspuramedicalrevolutionasimportantas antibioticsandvaccinessaysRobertLanzaofAdvancedCellTechnologyACT acompanyinWorcesterMass.that’salsoinvestigatingthepromisingstemcell strategycalledtherapeuticcloning.Howevernowthatthe methodologyispubliclyavailableLanzaaddsIthinkitisabsolutely imperativethatwepasslawsworldwidetopreventthetechnologyfrombeing abusedforreproductive-cloningpurposes.Whilesomefertility doctorsandareligiousculthaveclaimedsuccessatcreatingapregnancyvia cloningthey’veofferednoconvincingproof.IncontrasttheSouthKorean researchisbeingreportedatthemeetingoftheAmericanAssociationforthe AdvancementofScienceinSeattleandwillappearinanupcomingScience.This isrealitysaysstemcellresearcherJohnGearhartofJohnsHopkins University.He4’eisabonafiderefereedjournalsayingthatahumanembryo hasbeenclonedandacelllinederivedfromit.AlthoughACT hasnotyetpublishedareportofaclonedhumanblastocystLanzasaysthatthe SouthKoreansuccessisconsistentwithourownresults.Therapeuticcloning appealstoLanzaandphysiciansbecausecellsmadethiswaycouldhavethesame DNAasapatient’scellsdoandthusavoidrejectionafterthey’re transplanted.Seekingacompromisethatwouldpermitthis strategytobepursuedmanyscientistshavecalledforlegislationthatwould bancloningtoproduceababybutallowthecreationofclonedembryosto generatestemcellsforresearchortherapies.Thedebatehasbeenvery polarizednotesbio-ethicistLaurieZolothofNorthwesternUniversityin Evanston.Thecompromiseinthelastparagraphprobablyreferstothepracticeof
Text4 Itistrueasthemovementcritics assertthatthepresentwomen’sliberationgroupsarealmostentirelybased amongmiddleclasswomenthatiscollegeandcareerwomen;andtheissuesof psychologicalandsexualexploitationandtoalesserextentexploitation throughconsumptionhavebeenthemostprominentones.Itis notsurprisingthatthewomen’sliberationmovementshouldbeginamongbourgeois womenandshouldbedominatedinthebeginningbytheirconsciousnessandtheir particularconcerns.Radicalwomenaregenerallythepostwarmiddleclass generationthatgrewupwiththerighttovotethechanceathighereducation andtrainingforsupportiverolesintheprofessionsandbusiness.Mostofthem areyoungandsophisticatedenoughtohavenotyethadchildrenanddonothave tomarrytosupportthemselves.Incomparisonwithmostwomentheyarecapable ofacertainamountofcontrolovertheirlives.Thehigher developmentofbourgeoisdemocraticsocietyallowsthewomenwhobenefitfrom educationandrelativeequalitytoseethecontradictionsbetweenitsrhetoric everychildcanbecomepresidentandtheiractualplaceinthatsociety.The workingclasswomanmightbelievethateducationcouldhavemadeherfinancially independentbuttheeducatedcareerwomanfindsthatmoneyhasnotmadeher independent.Infactbecauseshehasbeenallowedtoprogresshalfwayonthe upward-mobilityladdershecanseetherestofthedistancethatisdeniedher onlybecausesheisawoman.Shecanseethesimilaritybetweenheroppression andthatofothersectionsofthepopulation.Thusfromtheirownexperience radicalwomeninthemovementareawareofmorefaultsinthesocietythan racismandimperialism.Becausetheyhavepushedthedemocraticmythtoits limitstheyknowconcretelyhowitlimitsthem.Atthesame timethatradicalwomenwerelearningaboutAmericansocietytheywerealso becomingawareofthemalechauvinisminthemovement.Infactthatisusually thecauseoftheirfirstconscious100verbalizationoftheprejudicetheyfeel; itismoredisillusioningtoknowthatthesamecontradictionexistsbetweenthe movement’srhetoricofequalityanditsrealityforweexpectmoreofour comrades.Thisrealizationofthedeep-seatedprejudiceagainst themselvesinthemovementproducestwocommonreactionsamongitswomen:1a preoccupationwiththisimmediatebarrierandperhapsaresultant hopelessnessand2atendencytoretreatinwardtobuythefool’sgoldof creatingapersonallyliberatedlifestyle.Howeverourconcept ofliberationrepresentsaconsciousnessthatconditionshaveforcedonuswhile mostofoursistersarechainedbyotherconditionsbiologicalandeconomic thatoverwhelmtheirhumanityanddesiresforself-fulfillment.Ourbackground accountsforourignoranceaboutthestarkoppressionofwomen’sdaily lives.Theauthorimpliesinthelastparagraphthat
阴阳异位更虚更实更逆更从或从内或从外所从不同故病异名也素问·太阴阳明论
PartCDirections:Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthen translatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.Yourtranslationshouldbe writtenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.10points Traditionallythewomanhasheldalowpositioninmarriage partnerships.Whileherhusbandwenthiswayshehadtowashstitchandsew. Todaythemoveistoliberatethewomanwhichmayintheendstrengthenthe marriageunion.Perhapsthegreatestobstacletofriendshipinmarriageisthe amountacoupleusuallyseesofeachother.Friendshipinitsusualsenseisnot testedbythestrainofdailyyear-longcohabitation.46Couplesneedto takeupseparateinterestsandfriendshipaswellasmutuallysharedonesif theyarenottogetusedtothemoreattractiveelementsofeachother’s personalities.47Marriedcouplesarelikelytoexert themselvesforguests--beingamusingdiscussingwithpassionandpoint--and thentofallintodullexhaustedsilencewhentheguestshavegone.Asin allfriendshipahusbandandwifemusttrytointeresteachotherandtospend sufficienttimesharingabsorbingactivitiestogive-themcontinuingcommon interests48Butatthesametimetheymustspendenoughtimeonseparate interestswithseparatepeopletopreserveanddeveloptheirseparate personalitiesandkeeptheirrelationshipfresh.49For toomanyhighlyintelligentworkingwomenhomerepresentschoreobligations becausethehusbandonlytoleratesherworkanddoesnotparticipatein householdchores.Fortoomanyhighlyintelligentworkingmenhome representsdullnessandcomplaints--fromanover-dependentwifewhowillnot gathercouragetomaketheirownlife.Insuchanatmosphere thepartnersgrowfurtherandfurtherapartbothloveandlikingdisappearing. 50Fortoomanycoupleswithchildrenthechildrenareallowedtocommand alltimeandattentionallowingthecouplenotimetodeveloplikingand friendshipaswellasloveallottingexclusiveparentalroles.
素问·生气通天论凡阴阳之要①乃固两者不和若②若冬无夏因而和之是谓圣度
Text4 Itistrueasthemovementcritics assertthatthepresentwomen’sliberationgroupsarealmostentirelybased amongmiddleclasswomenthatiscollegeandcareerwomen;andtheissuesof psychologicalandsexualexploitationandtoalesserextentexploitation throughconsumptionhavebeenthemostprominentones.Itis notsurprisingthatthewomen’sliberationmovementshouldbeginamongbourgeois womenandshouldbedominatedinthebeginningbytheirconsciousnessandtheir particularconcerns.Radicalwomenaregenerallythepostwarmiddleclass generationthatgrewupwiththerighttovotethechanceathighereducation andtrainingforsupportiverolesintheprofessionsandbusiness.Mostofthem areyoungandsophisticatedenoughtohavenotyethadchildrenanddonothave tomarrytosupportthemselves.Incomparisonwithmostwomentheyarecapable ofacertainamountofcontrolovertheirlives.Thehigher developmentofbourgeoisdemocraticsocietyallowsthewomenwhobenefitfrom educationandrelativeequalitytoseethecontradictionsbetweenitsrhetoric everychildcanbecomepresidentandtheiractualplaceinthatsociety.The workingclasswomanmightbelievethateducationcouldhavemadeherfinancially independentbuttheeducatedcareerwomanfindsthatmoneyhasnotmadeher independent.Infactbecauseshehasbeenallowedtoprogresshalfwayonthe upward-mobilityladdershecanseetherestofthedistancethatisdeniedher onlybecausesheisawoman.Shecanseethesimilaritybetweenheroppression andthatofothersectionsofthepopulation.Thusfromtheirownexperience radicalwomeninthemovementareawareofmorefaultsinthesocietythan racismandimperialism.Becausetheyhavepushedthedemocraticmythtoits limitstheyknowconcretelyhowitlimitsthem.Atthesame timethatradicalwomenwerelearningaboutAmericansocietytheywerealso becomingawareofthemalechauvinisminthemovement.Infactthatisusually thecauseoftheirfirstconscious100verbalizationoftheprejudicetheyfeel; itismoredisillusioningtoknowthatthesamecontradictionexistsbetweenthe movement’srhetoricofequalityanditsrealityforweexpectmoreofour comrades.Thisrealizationofthedeep-seatedprejudiceagainst themselvesinthemovementproducestwocommonreactionsamongitswomen:1a preoccupationwiththisimmediatebarrierandperhapsaresultant hopelessnessand2atendencytoretreatinwardtobuythefool’sgoldof creatingapersonallyliberatedlifestyle.Howeverourconcept ofliberationrepresentsaconsciousnessthatconditionshaveforcedonuswhile mostofoursistersarechainedbyotherconditionsbiologicalandeconomic thatoverwhelmtheirhumanityanddesiresforself-fulfillment.Ourbackground accountsforourignoranceaboutthestarkoppressionofwomen’sdaily lives.Whatdoradicalwomenexpectmorefromtheirmalecounterparts
LongbeforeManlivedontheEarththerewerefishes reptilesbirdsinsectsandsomemammals.Althoughsomeoftheseanimalswere ancestorsofkindslivingtodayothersarenowextinctthatistheyhaveno descendantsalivenow.41.Veryoccasionallytherocks showimpressionofskinsothatapartfromcolorwecanbuildupareasonably accuratepictureofananimalthatdiedmillionsofyearsago.Thatkindofrock inwhichtheremainsarefoundtellsusmuchaboutthenatureoftheoriginal landoftenoftheplantsthatgrewonitandevenofitsclimate. 42Nearlyallofthefossilsthatweknowwerepreservedin rocksformedbywateractionandmostoftheseareofanimalsthatlivedinor nearwater.Thusitfollowsthattheremustbemanykindsofmammalsbirdsand insectsofwhichweknownothing.43.Therewerealso crablikecreatureswhosebodieswerecoveredwithahornysubstance.Thebody segmentseachhadtwopairsoflegsonepairforwalkingonthesandybottom theotherforswimming.Theheadwasakindofshieldwithapairofcompound eyesoftenwiththousandsoflenses.Theywereusuallyaninchortwolongbut somewere2feet.44.Ofthesetheammonitesarevery interestingandimportant.Theyhaveashellcomposedofmanychamberseach representingatemporaryhomeoftheanimal.Astheyounggrewlargeritgrewa newchamberandsealedoffthepreviousone.Thousandsofthesecanbeseenin therocksontheDorsetCoast.45.About75millionyears agotheAgeofReptileswasoverandmostofthegroupsdiedout.Themammals quicklydevelopedandwecantracetheevolutionofmanyfamiliaranimalssuch astheelephantandhorse.Manyofthelatermammalsthoughnowextinctwere knowntoprimitivemanandwerefeaturedbyhimincavepaintingsandonbone carvings.[A]Theshellfishhavealonghistoryintherockand manydifferentkindsareknown[B]Neverthelessweknowagreat dealaboutmanyofthembecausetheirbonesandshellshavebeenpreservedin therocksasfossils.Fromthemwecantelltheirsizeandshapehowthey walkedthekindoffoodtheyate.[C]Thefirstanimalswith truebackboneswerethefishesfirstknownintherocksof375millionyears ago.About300millionyearsagotheamphibianstheanimalsabletoliveboth onlandandinwaterappeared.Theyweregiantsometimes8feetlongandmany ofthemlivedintheswampypoolsinwhichourcoalseamorlayerorformed. Theamphibiansgaverisetothereptilesandfornearly150millionyearsthese weretheprincipalformsoflifeonlandintheseaandintheair. [D]Thebestindexfossilstendtobemarinecreature.Thereanimals evolvedrapidlyandspreadoverlargeoverlargeareasoftheworld. [E]Theearliestanimalswhoseremainshavebeenfoundwereallvery simplekindsandlivedinthesea.Laterformaaremorecomplexandamongthese arethesea-liliesrelationsofthestar-fisheswhichhadlongarmsandwere attachedbyalongstalktotheseabedortorocks.[F]When ananimaldiesthebodyitsbonesorshellmayoftenbecarriedawayby streamsintolakesortheseaandtheregetcoveredupbymud.Iftheanimal livedintheseaitsbodywouldprobablysinkandbecoveredwithmud.Moreand moremudwouldfalluponituntilthebonesorshellbecomeembeddedand preserved.[G]Manyfactorscaninfluencehowfossilsare preservedinrocks.Remainsofanorganismmaybereplacedbyminerals dissolvedbyanacidicsolutiontoleaveonlytheirimpressionorsimply reducedtoamorestableform.
Text3 Sincetheindustrialrevolution governmentsocietyandindustryhaveattemptedtochanneltechnological progressinusefuldirections.Whetheritistheprintingpressthecottongin theautomobileortheInternettechnologicalinnovationsoftenhaveprofound economicandsocialeffects.Toharnessthebenefitsandminimizethemore harmfuleffectsofnewtechnologiesmoderngovernmentsusefourbasic approaches:specificdirectionmarketincentivescriminalprohibitionand behaviormodification.Specificdirectionstartswith governmentsidentifyingoneormorekeyfactorsintheR&Dphase.Then usingavarietyofmeansrangingfromadministrativeregulationtooutright stateownershipthegovernmentseekstocontroltheimplementationofthe technology.Marketincentivesarethedeliberatemanipulationof themarketbythegovernmenttocontrolhowaparticularlytechnologyis distributedandused.Forexamplesomegovernmentsimposetaxestocoverthe hiddencostsassociatedwiththeuseofaparticulartechnology.Forexample raisinggasolinetaxestopayforhighwayimprovements.Othermethodsinclude thegrantingofsubsidiestoprivateresearchersorthestrengtheningof intellectualpropertylawstogiveaddedincentivestodevelopers. Criminalprohibitionusuallytakesplacewhenstrongoppositionexiststo aparticulartechnologyorfieldofresearch.Inrecentyearsmostdeveloped countrieshaveenactedlegislationtobanthecloningofhumanbeings.Other examplesaretheenforcementofcleanairregulationsthatforcepowerplantsto emitfewergreenhousegasses.Finallybehaviormodification includestheuseofthemediaadvertisingandgovernmentandcorporate leadershiptoencourageaparticularsocietytouseatechnologyinabeneficial way.ForexamplewhilethereislimitedgovernmentregulationoftheInternet websitesareencouragedtoinstallsafeguardstopreventchildrenfromviewing inappropriatematerial.Arecentnationaladvertisingcampaignrecentlyboosted thepercentageofNewYorkresidentswhorecycledbyalmost25%.Suchcampaigns donotusedirectgovernmentregulationbutinsteadappealtotheuser’ssense ofcivicdutyorsocialresponsibility.Ofallnewtechnologies perhapsnonehaschangedthelandscapeandcharacterofAmericanlifemorethan theautomobile.Yetthecostsofthistechnologyarenotalwaysreflectedin thepriceofUsingthetechnology.Forexampleitcostsanoilcompany$0.89 pergallonofgasproduced.ThissameliterissoldtoU.S.consumersatabout $1.20pergallon.Yetwhilethispricereflectsthecostofproductionplusa profitfortheoilcompanyitdoesnotreflecttheactualcostofusingthe technology.Forthatwemustfactorintheenvironmentalcostsassociatedwith airpollutionincreasedhealthcareenvironmentaldegradationandthe politicalcostsdependenceonforeignoilenergyshortages.Inshortin ordertobeeffectiveallofthesestrategiesforchannelingtechnologyto benefitsocietymustincorporateallthecostsassociatedwith usage.Behaviormodificationisdifferentfromtheotherthreemeasuresinthat
Directions:Studythefollowingtablecarefullyandwriteanessay.Youressaymustmeetthefollowingrequirements:1Describethetable;2Explainthepossiblecauses;3Yoursuggestions.Youshouldwriteabout160-200wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.20pointsEconomicalandSocialIndicatorsforCountryAandCountryBin1995 indicators A B Annualincomepercapitain$US 15800 500 Annualsocialsecuritypercapitain$US 2000 300 Lifeexpectancyyearsold 70 54 Adultliteracyrate% 99 60
据原文素问·生气通天论阴阳之间的关系如何举出阴阳盛衰的病变
天年以使道隧以长为人寿百岁条件之一其原理是什么
凡治病必察其①适其脉观其志意与其②也素问·五脏别论
罢极之本
PartCDirections:Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthen translatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.Yourtranslationshouldbe writtenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.10points Traditionallythewomanhasheldalowpositioninmarriage partnerships.Whileherhusbandwenthiswayshehadtowashstitchandsew. Todaythemoveistoliberatethewomanwhichmayintheendstrengthenthe marriageunion.Perhapsthegreatestobstacletofriendshipinmarriageisthe amountacoupleusuallyseesofeachother.Friendshipinitsusualsenseisnot testedbythestrainofdailyyear-longcohabitation.46Couplesneedto takeupseparateinterestsandfriendshipaswellasmutuallysharedonesif theyarenottogetusedtothemoreattractiveelementsofeachother’s personalities.47Marriedcouplesarelikelytoexert themselvesforguests--beingamusingdiscussingwithpassionandpoint--and thentofallintodullexhaustedsilencewhentheguestshavegone.Asin allfriendshipahusbandandwifemusttrytointeresteachotherandtospend sufficienttimesharingabsorbingactivitiestogive-themcontinuingcommon interests48Butatthesametimetheymustspendenoughtimeonseparate interestswithseparatepeopletopreserveanddeveloptheirseparate personalitiesandkeeptheirrelationshipfresh.49For toomanyhighlyintelligentworkingwomenhomerepresentschoreobligations becausethehusbandonlytoleratesherworkanddoesnotparticipatein householdchores.Fortoomanyhighlyintelligentworkingmenhome representsdullnessandcomplaints--fromanover-dependentwifewhowillnot gathercouragetomaketheirownlife.Insuchanatmosphere thepartnersgrowfurtherandfurtherapartbothloveandlikingdisappearing. 50Fortoomanycoupleswithchildrenthechildrenareallowedtocommand alltimeandattentionallowingthecouplenotimetodeveloplikingand friendshipaswellasloveallottingexclusiveparentalroles.
和于术数
PartCDirections:Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthen translatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.Yourtranslationshouldbe writtenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.10points Traditionallythewomanhasheldalowpositioninmarriage partnerships.Whileherhusbandwenthiswayshehadtowashstitchandsew. Todaythemoveistoliberatethewomanwhichmayintheendstrengthenthe marriageunion.Perhapsthegreatestobstacletofriendshipinmarriageisthe amountacoupleusuallyseesofeachother.Friendshipinitsusualsenseisnot testedbythestrainofdailyyear-longcohabitation.46Couplesneedto takeupseparateinterestsandfriendshipaswellasmutuallysharedonesif theyarenottogetusedtothemoreattractiveelementsofeachother’s personalities.47Marriedcouplesarelikelytoexert themselvesforguests--beingamusingdiscussingwithpassionandpoint--and thentofallintodullexhaustedsilencewhentheguestshavegone.Asin allfriendshipahusbandandwifemusttrytointeresteachotherandtospend sufficienttimesharingabsorbingactivitiestogive-themcontinuingcommon interests48Butatthesametimetheymustspendenoughtimeonseparate interestswithseparatepeopletopreserveanddeveloptheirseparate personalitiesandkeeptheirrelationshipfresh.49For toomanyhighlyintelligentworkingwomenhomerepresentschoreobligations becausethehusbandonlytoleratesherworkanddoesnotparticipatein householdchores.Fortoomanyhighlyintelligentworkingmenhome representsdullnessandcomplaints--fromanover-dependentwifewhowillnot gathercouragetomaketheirownlife.Insuchanatmosphere thepartnersgrowfurtherandfurtherapartbothloveandlikingdisappearing. 50Fortoomanycoupleswithchildrenthechildrenareallowedtocommand alltimeandattentionallowingthecouplenotimetodeveloplikingand friendshipaswellasloveallottingexclusiveparentalroles.

Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered mark A, B, C or D o...

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