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Of all the components of a good night’’ s sleep, dreams seem to be least within our control. In drea...
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InthewakeofSeptember11ththeconstructiontechniquesofskyscrapersareinnovatedsoastomakethem
Teachersneedtobeawareoftheemotionalintellectualandphysicalchangesthatyoungadultsexperience.Andtheyalsoneedtogiveserious________tohowtheycanbest________suchchanges.Growingbodiesneedmovementand________butnotjustinwaysthatemphasizecompetition.________theyareadjustingtotheirnewbodiesandawholehostofnewintellectualandemotionalchallengesteenagersareespeciallyself-consciousandneedthe________thatcomesfromachievingsuccessandknowingthattheiraccomplishmentsare________byothers.Howeverthetypicalteenagelifestyleisalreadyfilledwithsomuchcompetitionthatitwouldbe________toplanactivitiesinwhichtherearemorewinnersthanlosers________publishingnewsletterswithmanystudent-writtenbookreviews________studentartworkandsponsoringbookdiscussionclubs.Avarietyofsmallclubscanprovide________opportunitiesforleadershipaswellasforpracticeinsuccessful________dynamics.Makingfriendsisextremelyimportanttoteenagersandmanyshystudentsneedthe________ofsomekindoforganizationwithasupportiveadult________visibleinthebackground.Intheseactivitiesitisimportanttorememberthatyoungteenshave________attentionspans.Avarietyofactivitiesshouldbeorganized________participantscanremainactiveaslongastheywantandthengoonto________elsewithoutfeelingguiltyandwithoutlettingtheotherparticipants________.Thisdoesnotmeanthatadultsmustacceptirresponsibility.________theycanhelpstudentsacquireasenseofcommitmentby________forrolesthatarewithintheir________andtheirattentionspansandbyhavingclearlystatedroles. SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorD.10points8
AfterSeptember11thlongdelaysofexpressairshippingoftenarisebecauseof
Theauthor'sattitudetowardtheconstructionofskyscrapersseemstobethatof
TheviewsofAlanMilburnandDavidCulteronthereformsofhealth-caresystemsare
AsAmerica’’sairbecomessteadilymorecontaminatedactivitiesacrossthenationtocopewithsmogappeartobelaggingfurtherandfurtherbehindactualneedsdespitearisingpublicclamorforimprovement. Therehasbeenaconsiderableprogressinthelastcoupleofyears.Buttheover-allpictureisthatsomanylocalitieshaven’’treallycometogripswiththeairpollutionproblemthatpeoplemightbedismayediftheyknewhowtheirwelfarewasbeingtrifledwith. Airpollutionsourcesarenowhurlingmorethan140milliontonsofcontaminantsintotheatmosphereeveryyearbyFederalestimates.Twoyearsagoitwasonly130milliontons. Theincreasehasbeencausedbymanythings--morepeoplemoreautomobilesmoreindustrymorespaceheatinglittleifanyreductionthatmoreoftenthannotareinadequate. Theadversehealtheffectsofairpollutionarebecomingmorewidelyrecognizedalthoughspecificmedicalevidenceisstillfragmentary.Asapsychologicalannoyanceoftencalledanestheticfactorittranslatesintodecreasedpropertyvalues.Indamagetocropsandotherplantsitscostisreckonedinmillionsofdollars;indamagetostructuresandmaterialsinbillions. Federalandstatepollutioncontrolofficialsreportthefollowinghighlightofthecurrentsituation. Statesandlocalitiesgenerallystillhavepenaltiesforairpollutionthatarelittlemorethanawristslapwithfinesaslowas＄10.Enforcementisgenerallysketchyandweak.Andtheremedialproceduresaresocumbersomethatmoreandmoretheyarebeingbypassedbysimplelawsuitsbroughtbypublicofficialsorcitizens. AlthoughFederallawhasrequiredautomakerstoprovidevehicleswithfumecontrolequipmentfewstateshavedoneanythingtoassureitseffectivenessafteracarhasleftthefactorybyprovidingforregularinspectionoftheequipment. Publicofficialsinmanyplacesstillseemtoconsiderburstsofcomplaintsfromcitizenspreferabletocomplaintstheymightgetfrominstitutingeffectiveairqualityprograms.Industriesandotherpolluterssuchasmunicipalitiesstillexertgreatinfluenceopposingorweakeningregulatorylawsandpackingregulatoryboardswiththeirownspokesmen. Publicresentmentoverairpollutionisgrowingasisshownbyrecurringincidentsofpicketing设置纠察员andincreasingnumberoflegalactions. ThebigFederalprogramtocombatairpollutionunderwayforseveralyearsisproceedingfairlyclosetoschedule.ButFederalauto-fumeregulationswillnotbeveryproductivefornearlyadecadeuntilaround100millionunregulatedolder-generationcarshavebeenreplacedonthehighways. ThepartoftheFederaleffortthatdealswithstationarypollutionsourceslikefactoriesisstilllargelyinanorganizationalphaseyieldinglittleimmediatereductioninfumes. Thegeneralsituationofairpollutionhasworsenedpartlybecause
Teachersneedtobeawareoftheemotionalintellectualandphysicalchangesthatyoungadultsexperience.Andtheyalsoneedtogiveserious________tohowtheycanbest________suchchanges.Growingbodiesneedmovementand________butnotjustinwaysthatemphasizecompetition.________theyareadjustingtotheirnewbodiesandawholehostofnewintellectualandemotionalchallengesteenagersareespeciallyself-consciousandneedthe________thatcomesfromachievingsuccessandknowingthattheiraccomplishmentsare________byothers.Howeverthetypicalteenagelifestyleisalreadyfilledwithsomuchcompetitionthatitwouldbe________toplanactivitiesinwhichtherearemorewinnersthanlosers________publishingnewsletterswithmanystudent-writtenbookreviews________studentartworkandsponsoringbookdiscussionclubs.Avarietyofsmallclubscanprovide________opportunitiesforleadershipaswellasforpracticeinsuccessful________dynamics.Makingfriendsisextremelyimportanttoteenagersandmanyshystudentsneedthe________ofsomekindoforganizationwithasupportiveadult________visibleinthebackground.Intheseactivitiesitisimportanttorememberthatyoungteenshave________attentionspans.Avarietyofactivitiesshouldbeorganized________participantscanremainactiveaslongastheywantandthengoonto________elsewithoutfeelingguiltyandwithoutlettingtheotherparticipants________.Thisdoesnotmeanthatadultsmustacceptirresponsibility.________theycanhelpstudentsacquireasenseofcommitmentby________forrolesthatarewithintheir________andtheirattentionspansandbyhavingclearlystatedroles. SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorD.10points12
Teachersneedtobeawareoftheemotionalintellectualandphysicalchangesthatyoungadultsexperience.Andtheyalsoneedtogiveserious________tohowtheycanbest________suchchanges.Growingbodiesneedmovementand________butnotjustinwaysthatemphasizecompetition.________theyareadjustingtotheirnewbodiesandawholehostofnewintellectualandemotionalchallengesteenagersareespeciallyself-consciousandneedthe________thatcomesfromachievingsuccessandknowingthattheiraccomplishmentsare________byothers.Howeverthetypicalteenagelifestyleisalreadyfilledwithsomuchcompetitionthatitwouldbe________toplanactivitiesinwhichtherearemorewinnersthanlosers________publishingnewsletterswithmanystudent-writtenbookreviews________studentartworkandsponsoringbookdiscussionclubs.Avarietyofsmallclubscanprovide________opportunitiesforleadershipaswellasforpracticeinsuccessful________dynamics.Makingfriendsisextremelyimportanttoteenagersandmanyshystudentsneedthe________ofsomekindoforganizationwithasupportiveadult________visibleinthebackground.Intheseactivitiesitisimportanttorememberthatyoungteenshave________attentionspans.Avarietyofactivitiesshouldbeorganized________participantscanremainactiveaslongastheywantandthengoonto________elsewithoutfeelingguiltyandwithoutlettingtheotherparticipants________.Thisdoesnotmeanthatadultsmustacceptirresponsibility.________theycanhelpstudentsacquireasenseofcommitmentby________forrolesthatarewithintheir________andtheirattentionspansandbyhavingclearlystatedroles. SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorD.10points16
Wecanlearnfromthebeginningofthetextthat
Teachersneedtobeawareoftheemotionalintellectualandphysicalchangesthatyoungadultsexperience.Andtheyalsoneedtogiveserious________tohowtheycanbest________suchchanges.Growingbodiesneedmovementand________butnotjustinwaysthatemphasizecompetition.________theyareadjustingtotheirnewbodiesandawholehostofnewintellectualandemotionalchallengesteenagersareespeciallyself-consciousandneedthe________thatcomesfromachievingsuccessandknowingthattheiraccomplishmentsare________byothers.Howeverthetypicalteenagelifestyleisalreadyfilledwithsomuchcompetitionthatitwouldbe________toplanactivitiesinwhichtherearemorewinnersthanlosers________publishingnewsletterswithmanystudent-writtenbookreviews________studentartworkandsponsoringbookdiscussionclubs.Avarietyofsmallclubscanprovide________opportunitiesforleadershipaswellasforpracticeinsuccessful________dynamics.Makingfriendsisextremelyimportanttoteenagersandmanyshystudentsneedthe________ofsomekindoforganizationwithasupportiveadult________visibleinthebackground.Intheseactivitiesitisimportanttorememberthatyoungteenshave________attentionspans.Avarietyofactivitiesshouldbeorganized________participantscanremainactiveaslongastheywantandthengoonto________elsewithoutfeelingguiltyandwithoutlettingtheotherparticipants________.Thisdoesnotmeanthatadultsmustacceptirresponsibility.________theycanhelpstudentsacquireasenseofcommitmentby________forrolesthatarewithintheir________andtheirattentionspansandbyhavingclearlystatedroles. SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorD.10points20
Asusedinthetexthybridnetworksarebestrelatedto
Teachersneedtobeawareoftheemotionalintellectualandphysicalchangesthatyoungadultsexperience.Andtheyalsoneedtogiveserious________tohowtheycanbest________suchchanges.Growingbodiesneedmovementand________butnotjustinwaysthatemphasizecompetition.________theyareadjustingtotheirnewbodiesandawholehostofnewintellectualandemotionalchallengesteenagersareespeciallyself-consciousandneedthe________thatcomesfromachievingsuccessandknowingthattheiraccomplishmentsare________byothers.Howeverthetypicalteenagelifestyleisalreadyfilledwithsomuchcompetitionthatitwouldbe________toplanactivitiesinwhichtherearemorewinnersthanlosers________publishingnewsletterswithmanystudent-writtenbookreviews________studentartworkandsponsoringbookdiscussionclubs.Avarietyofsmallclubscanprovide________opportunitiesforleadershipaswellasforpracticeinsuccessful________dynamics.Makingfriendsisextremelyimportanttoteenagersandmanyshystudentsneedthe________ofsomekindoforganizationwithasupportiveadult________visibleinthebackground.Intheseactivitiesitisimportanttorememberthatyoungteenshave________attentionspans.Avarietyofactivitiesshouldbeorganized________participantscanremainactiveaslongastheywantandthengoonto________elsewithoutfeelingguiltyandwithoutlettingtheotherparticipants________.Thisdoesnotmeanthatadultsmustacceptirresponsibility.________theycanhelpstudentsacquireasenseofcommitmentby________forrolesthatarewithintheir________andtheirattentionspansandbyhavingclearlystatedroles. SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorD.10points14
Teachersneedtobeawareoftheemotionalintellectualandphysicalchangesthatyoungadultsexperience.Andtheyalsoneedtogiveserious________tohowtheycanbest________suchchanges.Growingbodiesneedmovementand________butnotjustinwaysthatemphasizecompetition.________theyareadjustingtotheirnewbodiesandawholehostofnewintellectualandemotionalchallengesteenagersareespeciallyself-consciousandneedthe________thatcomesfromachievingsuccessandknowingthattheiraccomplishmentsare________byothers.Howeverthetypicalteenagelifestyleisalreadyfilledwithsomuchcompetitionthatitwouldbe________toplanactivitiesinwhichtherearemorewinnersthanlosers________publishingnewsletterswithmanystudent-writtenbookreviews________studentartworkandsponsoringbookdiscussionclubs.Avarietyofsmallclubscanprovide________opportunitiesforleadershipaswellasforpracticeinsuccessful________dynamics.Makingfriendsisextremelyimportanttoteenagersandmanyshystudentsneedthe________ofsomekindoforganizationwithasupportiveadult________visibleinthebackground.Intheseactivitiesitisimportanttorememberthatyoungteenshave________attentionspans.Avarietyofactivitiesshouldbeorganized________participantscanremainactiveaslongastheywantandthengoonto________elsewithoutfeelingguiltyandwithoutlettingtheotherparticipants________.Thisdoesnotmeanthatadultsmustacceptirresponsibility.________theycanhelpstudentsacquireasenseofcommitmentby________forrolesthatarewithintheir________andtheirattentionspansandbyhavingclearlystatedroles. SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorD.10points6
Thebesttitleforthispassagemaybe
TheproposedalternativefundingmodelsParagraph2mightbemoreclearlybasedon
AsAmerica’’sairbecomessteadilymorecontaminatedactivitiesacrossthenationtocopewithsmogappeartobelaggingfurtherandfurtherbehindactualneedsdespitearisingpublicclamorforimprovement. Therehasbeenaconsiderableprogressinthelastcoupleofyears.Buttheover-allpictureisthatsomanylocalitieshaven’’treallycometogripswiththeairpollutionproblemthatpeoplemightbedismayediftheyknewhowtheirwelfarewasbeingtrifledwith. Airpollutionsourcesarenowhurlingmorethan140milliontonsofcontaminantsintotheatmosphereeveryyearbyFederalestimates.Twoyearsagoitwasonly130milliontons. Theincreasehasbeencausedbymanythings--morepeoplemoreautomobilesmoreindustrymorespaceheatinglittleifanyreductionthatmoreoftenthannotareinadequate. Theadversehealtheffectsofairpollutionarebecomingmorewidelyrecognizedalthoughspecificmedicalevidenceisstillfragmentary.Asapsychologicalannoyanceoftencalledanestheticfactorittranslatesintodecreasedpropertyvalues.Indamagetocropsandotherplantsitscostisreckonedinmillionsofdollars;indamagetostructuresandmaterialsinbillions. Federalandstatepollutioncontrolofficialsreportthefollowinghighlightofthecurrentsituation. Statesandlocalitiesgenerallystillhavepenaltiesforairpollutionthatarelittlemorethanawristslapwithfinesaslowas＄10.Enforcementisgenerallysketchyandweak.Andtheremedialproceduresaresocumbersomethatmoreandmoretheyarebeingbypassedbysimplelawsuitsbroughtbypublicofficialsorcitizens. AlthoughFederallawhasrequiredautomakerstoprovidevehicleswithfumecontrolequipmentfewstateshavedoneanythingtoassureitseffectivenessafteracarhasleftthefactorybyprovidingforregularinspectionoftheequipment. Publicofficialsinmanyplacesstillseemtoconsiderburstsofcomplaintsfromcitizenspreferabletocomplaintstheymightgetfrominstitutingeffectiveairqualityprograms.Industriesandotherpolluterssuchasmunicipalitiesstillexertgreatinfluenceopposingorweakeningregulatorylawsandpackingregulatoryboardswiththeirownspokesmen. Publicresentmentoverairpollutionisgrowingasisshownbyrecurringincidentsofpicketing设置纠察员andincreasingnumberoflegalactions. ThebigFederalprogramtocombatairpollutionunderwayforseveralyearsisproceedingfairlyclosetoschedule.ButFederalauto-fumeregulationswillnotbeveryproductivefornearlyadecadeuntilaround100millionunregulatedolder-generationcarshavebeenreplacedonthehighways. ThepartoftheFederaleffortthatdealswithstationarypollutionsourceslikefactoriesisstilllargelyinanorganizationalphaseyieldinglittleimmediatereductioninfumes. Publiccomplaintsgounattendedowingtothe
AsAmerica’’sairbecomessteadilymorecontaminatedactivitiesacrossthenationtocopewithsmogappeartobelaggingfurtherandfurtherbehindactualneedsdespitearisingpublicclamorforimprovement. Therehasbeenaconsiderableprogressinthelastcoupleofyears.Buttheover-allpictureisthatsomanylocalitieshaven’’treallycometogripswiththeairpollutionproblemthatpeoplemightbedismayediftheyknewhowtheirwelfarewasbeingtrifledwith. Airpollutionsourcesarenowhurlingmorethan140milliontonsofcontaminantsintotheatmosphereeveryyearbyFederalestimates.Twoyearsagoitwasonly130milliontons. Theincreasehasbeencausedbymanythings--morepeoplemoreautomobilesmoreindustrymorespaceheatinglittleifanyreductionthatmoreoftenthannotareinadequate. Theadversehealtheffectsofairpollutionarebecomingmorewidelyrecognizedalthoughspecificmedicalevidenceisstillfragmentary.Asapsychologicalannoyanceoftencalledanestheticfactorittranslatesintodecreasedpropertyvalues.Indamagetocropsandotherplantsitscostisreckonedinmillionsofdollars;indamagetostructuresandmaterialsinbillions. Federalandstatepollutioncontrolofficialsreportthefollowinghighlightofthecurrentsituation. Statesandlocalitiesgenerallystillhavepenaltiesforairpollutionthatarelittlemorethanawristslapwithfinesaslowas＄10.Enforcementisgenerallysketchyandweak.Andtheremedialproceduresaresocumbersomethatmoreandmoretheyarebeingbypassedbysimplelawsuitsbroughtbypublicofficialsorcitizens. AlthoughFederallawhasrequiredautomakerstoprovidevehicleswithfumecontrolequipmentfewstateshavedoneanythingtoassureitseffectivenessafteracarhasleftthefactorybyprovidingforregularinspectionoftheequipment. Publicofficialsinmanyplacesstillseemtoconsiderburstsofcomplaintsfromcitizenspreferabletocomplaintstheymightgetfrominstitutingeffectiveairqualityprograms.Industriesandotherpolluterssuchasmunicipalitiesstillexertgreatinfluenceopposingorweakeningregulatorylawsandpackingregulatoryboardswiththeirownspokesmen. Publicresentmentoverairpollutionisgrowingasisshownbyrecurringincidentsofpicketing设置纠察员andincreasingnumberoflegalactions. ThebigFederalprogramtocombatairpollutionunderwayforseveralyearsisproceedingfairlyclosetoschedule.ButFederalauto-fumeregulationswillnotbeveryproductivefornearlyadecadeuntilaround100millionunregulatedolder-generationcarshavebeenreplacedonthehighways. ThepartoftheFederaleffortthatdealswithstationarypollutionsourceslikefactoriesisstilllargelyinanorganizationalphaseyieldinglittleimmediatereductioninfumes. People’’sindignationarousedbyairpollutionisreflectedin
Directions: Studythefollowingchartcarefullyandwriteanessayinwhichyoushould 1interpretthechartand 2giveyourcomments. Yourshouldwritenolessthan200wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.
AccordingtothetextthemayorofLondonKenLivingstoneseemstobeverysupportiveofthecongestionchargingschemebecauseof
Teachersneedtobeawareoftheemotionalintellectualandphysicalchangesthatyoungadultsexperience.Andtheyalsoneedtogiveserious________tohowtheycanbest________suchchanges.Growingbodiesneedmovementand________butnotjustinwaysthatemphasizecompetition.________theyareadjustingtotheirnewbodiesandawholehostofnewintellectualandemotionalchallengesteenagersareespeciallyself-consciousandneedthe________thatcomesfromachievingsuccessandknowingthattheiraccomplishmentsare________byothers.Howeverthetypicalteenagelifestyleisalreadyfilledwithsomuchcompetitionthatitwouldbe________toplanactivitiesinwhichtherearemorewinnersthanlosers________publishingnewsletterswithmanystudent-writtenbookreviews________studentartworkandsponsoringbookdiscussionclubs.Avarietyofsmallclubscanprovide________opportunitiesforleadershipaswellasforpracticeinsuccessful________dynamics.Makingfriendsisextremelyimportanttoteenagersandmanyshystudentsneedthe________ofsomekindoforganizationwithasupportiveadult________visibleinthebackground.Intheseactivitiesitisimportanttorememberthatyoungteenshave________attentionspans.Avarietyofactivitiesshouldbeorganized________participantscanremainactiveaslongastheywantandthengoonto________elsewithoutfeelingguiltyandwithoutlettingtheotherparticipants________.Thisdoesnotmeanthatadultsmustacceptirresponsibility.________theycanhelpstudentsacquireasenseofcommitmentby________forrolesthatarewithintheir________andtheirattentionspansandbyhavingclearlystatedroles. SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorD.10points18
Teachersneedtobeawareoftheemotionalintellectualandphysicalchangesthatyoungadultsexperience.Andtheyalsoneedtogiveserious________tohowtheycanbest________suchchanges.Growingbodiesneedmovementand________butnotjustinwaysthatemphasizecompetition.________theyareadjustingtotheirnewbodiesandawholehostofnewintellectualandemotionalchallengesteenagersareespeciallyself-consciousandneedthe________thatcomesfromachievingsuccessandknowingthattheiraccomplishmentsare________byothers.Howeverthetypicalteenagelifestyleisalreadyfilledwithsomuchcompetitionthatitwouldbe________toplanactivitiesinwhichtherearemorewinnersthanlosers________publishingnewsletterswithmanystudent-writtenbookreviews________studentartworkandsponsoringbookdiscussionclubs.Avarietyofsmallclubscanprovide________opportunitiesforleadershipaswellasforpracticeinsuccessful________dynamics.Makingfriendsisextremelyimportanttoteenagersandmanyshystudentsneedthe________ofsomekindoforganizationwithasupportiveadult________visibleinthebackground.Intheseactivitiesitisimportanttorememberthatyoungteenshave________attentionspans.Avarietyofactivitiesshouldbeorganized________participantscanremainactiveaslongastheywantandthengoonto________elsewithoutfeelingguiltyandwithoutlettingtheotherparticipants________.Thisdoesnotmeanthatadultsmustacceptirresponsibility.________theycanhelpstudentsacquireasenseofcommitmentby________forrolesthatarewithintheir________andtheirattentionspansandbyhavingclearlystatedroles. SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorD.10points2
Teachersneedtobeawareoftheemotionalintellectualandphysicalchangesthatyoungadultsexperience.Andtheyalsoneedtogiveserious________tohowtheycanbest________suchchanges.Growingbodiesneedmovementand________butnotjustinwaysthatemphasizecompetition.________theyareadjustingtotheirnewbodiesandawholehostofnewintellectualandemotionalchallengesteenagersareespeciallyself-consciousandneedthe________thatcomesfromachievingsuccessandknowingthattheiraccomplishmentsare________byothers.Howeverthetypicalteenagelifestyleisalreadyfilledwithsomuchcompetitionthatitwouldbe________toplanactivitiesinwhichtherearemorewinnersthanlosers________publishingnewsletterswithmanystudent-writtenbookreviews________studentartworkandsponsoringbookdiscussionclubs.Avarietyofsmallclubscanprovide________opportunitiesforleadershipaswellasforpracticeinsuccessful________dynamics.Makingfriendsisextremelyimportanttoteenagersandmanyshystudentsneedthe________ofsomekindoforganizationwithasupportiveadult________visibleinthebackground.Intheseactivitiesitisimportanttorememberthatyoungteenshave________attentionspans.Avarietyofactivitiesshouldbeorganized________participantscanremainactiveaslongastheywantandthengoonto________elsewithoutfeelingguiltyandwithoutlettingtheotherparticipants________.Thisdoesnotmeanthatadultsmustacceptirresponsibility.________theycanhelpstudentsacquireasenseofcommitmentby________forrolesthatarewithintheir________andtheirattentionspansandbyhavingclearlystatedroles. SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorD.10points4
AccordingtothetextthemayorofLondonKenLivingstoneseemstobeverysupportiveofthecongestionchargingschemebecauseof
Teachersneedtobeawareoftheemotionalintellectualandphysicalchangesthatyoungadultsexperience.Andtheyalsoneedtogiveserious________tohowtheycanbest________suchchanges.Growingbodiesneedmovementand________butnotjustinwaysthatemphasizecompetition.________theyareadjustingtotheirnewbodiesandawholehostofnewintellectualandemotionalchallengesteenagersareespeciallyself-consciousandneedthe________thatcomesfromachievingsuccessandknowingthattheiraccomplishmentsare________byothers.Howeverthetypicalteenagelifestyleisalreadyfilledwithsomuchcompetitionthatitwouldbe________toplanactivitiesinwhichtherearemorewinnersthanlosers________publishingnewsletterswithmanystudent-writtenbookreviews________studentartworkandsponsoringbookdiscussionclubs.Avarietyofsmallclubscanprovide________opportunitiesforleadershipaswellasforpracticeinsuccessful________dynamics.Makingfriendsisextremelyimportanttoteenagersandmanyshystudentsneedthe________ofsomekindoforganizationwithasupportiveadult________visibleinthebackground.Intheseactivitiesitisimportanttorememberthatyoungteenshave________attentionspans.Avarietyofactivitiesshouldbeorganized________participantscanremainactiveaslongastheywantandthengoonto________elsewithoutfeelingguiltyandwithoutlettingtheotherparticipants________.Thisdoesnotmeanthatadultsmustacceptirresponsibility.________theycanhelpstudentsacquireasenseofcommitmentby________forrolesthatarewithintheir________andtheirattentionspansandbyhavingclearlystatedroles. SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorD.10points10
Thephraseprogressiveeducationisoneifnotofprotestatleastofcontrastofcontrastwithaneducationwhichwaspredominantlystaticinsubject-matterauthoritarianinmethodsandmainlypassiveandreceptivefromthesideoftheyoung.Butthephilosophyofeducationmustgobeyondanyideaofeducationthatisformedbywayofcontrastreactionandprotest.Foritisanattempttodiscoverwhateducationisandhowittakesplace.Onlywhenweidentifyeducationwithschoolingdoesitseemtobeasimplethingtotellwhateducationactuallyisandyetaclearideaofwhatitisgivesusouronlycriterionforjudginganddirectingwhatgoesoninschools. Itissometimessupposedthatitisthebusinessofthephilosophyofeducationtotellwhateducationshouldbe.Buttheonlywayofdecidingwhateducationshouldbeatleasttheonlywaywhichdoesnotleadusintothecloudsisdiscoveryofwhatactuallytakesplacewheneducationreallyoccurs.Andbeforewecanformulateaphilosophyofeducationwemustknowhowhumannatureisconstitutedintheconcrete;wemustknowabouttheworkingofactualsocialforces;wemustknowabouttheoperationsthroughwhichbasicrawmaterialsaremodifiedintosomethingofgreatervalue.Theneedforaphilosophyofeducationisthusfundamentallytheneedforfindingoutwhateducationreallyis.Wehavetotakethosecasesinwhichwefindthereisarealdevelopmentofdesirablepowersandthenfindouthowthisdevelopmenttookplace.Thenwecanprojectwhathastakenplaceintheseinstancesasaguidefordirectingourotherefforts.Theneedforthisdiscoveryandthisprojectionistheneedforaphilosophyofeducation. WhattheniseducationwhenwefindactualsatisfactoryspecimensofitinexistenceInthefirstplaceitisaprocessofdevelopmentofgrowth.Anditistheprocessandnotmerelytheresultthatisimportant.Atrulyhealthypersonisnotsomethingfixedandcompleted.Heisapersonwhoseprocessesandactivitiesgooninsuchawaythathewillcontinuetobehealthy.Similarlyaneducatedpersonisthepersonwhohasthepowertogoonandgetmoreeducation. Inanycasedevelopmentgrowthinvolvechangemodificationandmodificationindefinitedirections.Itisquitepossibleforateacherunderthesupposedsanctionoftheideaofcultivatingindividualitytofixateapupilmoreorlessathisexistinglevel.Respectforindividualityisprimarilyintellectual.Itsignifiesstudyingtheindividualtoseewhatistheretoworkwith.Havingthissympatheticunderstandingthepracticalworkthenbeginsforthepracticalworkisoneofmodificationofchangingofreconstructioncontinuedwithoutend.Thechangemustatleastbetowardsmoreeffectivetechniquestowardsgreaterself-reliancetowardsamorethoughtfulandinquiringdispositiononemorecapableofpersistenteffortinmeetingobstacles. Thephilosophyofeducationissupposed
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