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下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个最佳标题；(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。 Money o...
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? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段选
? ?阅读下面这篇短文短文后有2项测试任务1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选
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WhyPeopleUsePseudonyms假名字Youcan’tchoosethenameyouaregivenatbirthbutinmanycountriesyoucanchangeitlegallywhenyoureachadulthood.Ofcoursemostpeopleneverchangetheirnames51theyfeelunhappyaboutthem.Howeversomepeopledo52thiscourseofaction--particularlyartists!WhatmakesanartistwanttochangetheirnameSometimesit’sforpurely53reasonssuchastheNobelPrizewinningpoetfromChileNeftaliiReyes.Hedidn’twanthisfatherto54hewaswritingpoetrysohechangedhisnametoPabloNerudawhenhewasayoungman.55othertimesthereasonmayappearstrange~takethecaseofthePortuguesepoetFernandoPessoa56wroteunder75differentnames.ThereasonWhenIuseadifferentnameIalwayswriteinadifferentwayheexplained.Inmostcases57peoplechangetheirnamesforsocialhistoricalpoliticalorculturalreasons.Herearesomeofthemost58:Theperson’srealnameisjust59longanddifficulttoremember.Let’sbehonestMadonnaLouiseCicconeisnotas60torememberasjustplainMadonna.Andshortnamesaremucheasiertoremember:WilliamBradleybecameBradPittandEdsonArantesdoNascimentobecamePelt.Sometimesnamesarechangedformarketing61.Forexampleifanamesoundstooforeignitmaybechangedtosomethingthatismorerecognizableina62.SointhefilmworldRam6nEstevezadoptedthenameMartinSheen.Ormaybetheartist’srealnamedoesn’tsoundveryattractive—ChadEverettdoes63alotbetterthanRaymondCramton.Artistssometimes64thenameofsomeonetheyadmire.RobertZimmermanchangedhisnametoBooDylanbecauseofhisadmirationfortheWelshpoetDylanThomas.Anotherreasonmaybepracticality:inthepastwomenfounditverydifficulttogetpublished.To65thissituationtheysometimesgavethemselvesmen’snames.SotheEnglishauthorMaryAnnEvansbecameGeorgeEliotandshedidgetherbookspublished!
Thetestproduceddisappointingresults.
Operatunity1.OperatunityisaTVtalentshowforamateuroperasingers.ThewinnersgetthechancetosingwiththeEnglishNationalOpera.WhentwohousewivesDeniseLeighandJaneGilchristwonin2002theirliveschangedforever.AstheysangVerdi’sRigolettoattheColiseum音乐厅inRometheyweretransformedfromworkingmothersintooperacelebrities名人.2.IliveinthevillageIwasborninsaysDenisewhoisblind.Lotsofmyneighboursarefamilyandmylifeisallaboutmythreechildren.Janewhoworkedasacleanerandashopassistantwasinasimilarsituation.ShesaysAllIhadtolookforwardtowasseeingmyfourchildrengrowupandIlovethatbut..youthink’theremustbemoretolife’.WinningOperatunityhasopenedupavenuesIneverknewexisted.3.ThislastyearhasbeenamazingDenisecontinues.LastmonthwasParisbeforethatwewererecordingatAbbeyRoadinLondonandrecentlywehadouralbumlaunchattheRoyalOperaHouse.We’vebeentreatedlikeprincesseslaughsJane....champagnechocolatesfive-starhotels...4.Butitwasn’tallsoeasy.ForDenisetheworstpartwaswaitingatthebeginning.AfterI’dsentinmyapplicationformIworriedforamonth.ThenIhadtowaittendaysaftermyfirstaudition试唱.Thatwasawful.Evenwhentheywonthecompetitiontheywereallowedtotelltheirclosefamilybuttheyweren’tallowedtotellanyoneelseuntillater.DeniseandJanealsofoundthetravellingdifficult.Theycouldn’ttaketheirchildrenwiththemwhiletheywereawaysingingsotheyhadtoorganisechildcare.Howeverthere’sbeennoproblemwiththephysicalsideofsinging:Wedidn’thavetoworryaboutthataswe’vehadlotsofhelpandwonderfulvoicetrainingsaysJane.Theyalsohadtolearntodealwiththemedia.ThekidslovedthefactthattheycouldstayupandwatchusonTVbutIjustcouldn’tunderstandwhysomenewspapersweremoreinterestedinthefactIdivorcedat21ratherthanthefactIhadjustsungattheColiseumsaysDenise.A.AdviceB.LivingthenewlifeC.ThecompetitionD.BecomingfamousE.TheirlivesbeforeF.ThedifficultpartsParagraph2______
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WhyPeopleUsePseudonyms假名字Youcan’tchoosethenameyouaregivenatbirthbutinmanycountriesyoucanchangeitlegallywhenyoureachadulthood.Ofcoursemostpeopleneverchangetheirnames51theyfeelunhappyaboutthem.Howeversomepeopledo52thiscourseofaction--particularlyartists!WhatmakesanartistwanttochangetheirnameSometimesit’sforpurely53reasonssuchastheNobelPrizewinningpoetfromChileNeftaliiReyes.Hedidn’twanthisfatherto54hewaswritingpoetrysohechangedhisnametoPabloNerudawhenhewasayoungman.55othertimesthereasonmayappearstrange~takethecaseofthePortuguesepoetFernandoPessoa56wroteunder75differentnames.ThereasonWhenIuseadifferentnameIalwayswriteinadifferentwayheexplained.Inmostcases57peoplechangetheirnamesforsocialhistoricalpoliticalorculturalreasons.Herearesomeofthemost58:Theperson’srealnameisjust59longanddifficulttoremember.Let’sbehonestMadonnaLouiseCicconeisnotas60torememberasjustplainMadonna.Andshortnamesaremucheasiertoremember:WilliamBradleybecameBradPittandEdsonArantesdoNascimentobecamePelt.Sometimesnamesarechangedformarketing61.Forexampleifanamesoundstooforeignitmaybechangedtosomethingthatismorerecognizableina62.SointhefilmworldRam6nEstevezadoptedthenameMartinSheen.Ormaybetheartist’srealnamedoesn’tsoundveryattractive—ChadEverettdoes63alotbetterthanRaymondCramton.Artistssometimes64thenameofsomeonetheyadmire.RobertZimmermanchangedhisnametoBooDylanbecauseofhisadmirationfortheWelshpoetDylanThomas.Anotherreasonmaybepracticality:inthepastwomenfounditverydifficulttogetpublished.To65thissituationtheysometimesgavethemselvesmen’snames.SotheEnglishauthorMaryAnnEvansbecameGeorgeEliotandshedidgetherbookspublished!
HowtoBeaSuccessfulBusinesspersonHaveyoueverwonderedwhysomepeoplearesuccessfulinbusinessandothersarenotHere’sastoryaboutonesuccessfulbusinessperson.Hestartedoutwashingdishesandtodayheowns168restaurants.ZubairKaziwasborninBhatkalasmalltowninsouthwestIndia.Hisdreamwastobeanairplanepilotandwhenhewas16yearsoldhelearnedtoflyasmallplane.Attheageof23andwithjustalittlemoneyinhispocketMr.KazimovedtotheUnitedStates.HehopedtogetajobintheairplaneindustryinCalifornia.Insteadheendedupworkingforacompanythatrentedcars.WhileMr.Kaziwasworkingattheearrental租赁的companyhefrequentlyateatanearbyKFCrestaurant.TosavemoneyonfoodhedecidedtogetajobwithKFC.Fortwomonthsheworkedasacook’sassistant.Hisjobwastocleanthekitchenandhelpthecook.1didn’tlikeitMr.KazisaysbutIalwaysdidthebestIcould.OnedayMr.Kazi’stwoco-workersfailedtocometowork.ThatdayMr.Kazididtheworkofallthreepeopleinthekitchen.Thisreallyimpressedtheownersoftherestaurant.Afewmonthslatertheownersneededamanagerforanewrestaurant.TheygavethejobtoMr.Kazi.Heworkedhardasthemanagerandsoontherestaurantwasmakingaprofit.AfewyearslaterMr.Kaziheardaboutarestaurantthatwaslosingmoney.Therestaurantwasdirtyinsideandthefoodwasterrible.Mr.Kaziborrowedmoneyfromabankandboughttherestaurant.ForthefirstsixmonthsMr.Kaziworkedintherestaurantfrom8a.m.to10p.m.sevendaysaweek.Heandhiswifecleaneduptherestaurantremodeledthefrontofthebuildingandimprovedthecooking.Theyalsotriedhardtopleasethecustomers.IfsomeonehadtowaitmorethantenminutesfortheirfoodMrs.Kazigavethemafreesoda.Beforelongtherestaurantwasmakingaprofit.AyearlaterMr.Kazisoldhisrestaurantforaprofit.Withthemoneyheearnedheboughtthreemorerestaurantsthatwerelosingmoney.Againhecleanedthemupimprovedthefoodandretrainedtheemployees.Beforelongtheserestaurantsweremakingaprofittoo.TodayMr.Kaziowns168rest;infantsbutheisn’tplanningtostopthere.He’slookingformorepoorlymanagedrestaurantstobuy.’IloveitwhenIgotobuyarestaurantandfindit’samess.Mr.Kazisays.Theonlywayitcangoisup./Mr.KazidecidedtoworkwithKFCto
HowtoBeaSuccessfulBusinesspersonHaveyoueverwonderedwhysomepeoplearesuccessfulinbusinessandothersarenotHere’sastoryaboutonesuccessfulbusinessperson.Hestartedoutwashingdishesandtodayheowns168restaurants.ZubairKaziwasborninBhatkalasmalltowninsouthwestIndia.Hisdreamwastobeanairplanepilotandwhenhewas16yearsoldhelearnedtoflyasmallplane.Attheageof23andwithjustalittlemoneyinhispocketMr.KazimovedtotheUnitedStates.HehopedtogetajobintheairplaneindustryinCalifornia.Insteadheendedupworkingforacompanythatrentedcars.WhileMr.Kaziwasworkingattheearrental租赁的companyhefrequentlyateatanearbyKFCrestaurant.TosavemoneyonfoodhedecidedtogetajobwithKFC.Fortwomonthsheworkedasacook’sassistant.Hisjobwastocleanthekitchenandhelpthecook.1didn’tlikeitMr.KazisaysbutIalwaysdidthebestIcould.OnedayMr.Kazi’stwoco-workersfailedtocometowork.ThatdayMr.Kazididtheworkofallthreepeopleinthekitchen.Thisreallyimpressedtheownersoftherestaurant.Afewmonthslatertheownersneededamanagerforanewrestaurant.TheygavethejobtoMr.Kazi.Heworkedhardasthemanagerandsoontherestaurantwasmakingaprofit.AfewyearslaterMr.Kaziheardaboutarestaurantthatwaslosingmoney.Therestaurantwasdirtyinsideandthefoodwasterrible.Mr.Kaziborrowedmoneyfromabankandboughttherestaurant.ForthefirstsixmonthsMr.Kaziworkedintherestaurantfrom8a.m.to10p.m.sevendaysaweek.Heandhiswifecleaneduptherestaurantremodeledthefrontofthebuildingandimprovedthecooking.Theyalsotriedhardtopleasethecustomers.IfsomeonehadtowaitmorethantenminutesfortheirfoodMrs.Kazigavethemafreesoda.Beforelongtherestaurantwasmakingaprofit.AyearlaterMr.Kazisoldhisrestaurantforaprofit.Withthemoneyheearnedheboughtthreemorerestaurantsthatwerelosingmoney.Againhecleanedthemupimprovedthefoodandretrainedtheemployees.Beforelongtheserestaurantsweremakingaprofittoo.TodayMr.Kaziowns168rest;infantsbutheisn’tplanningtostopthere.He’slookingformorepoorlymanagedrestaurantstobuy.’IloveitwhenIgotobuyarestaurantandfindit’samess.Mr.Kazisays.Theonlywayitcangoisup./TosaveafailingrestaurantMr.KazididallthefollowingthingsEXCEPTto
WhyPeopleUsePseudonyms假名字Youcan’tchoosethenameyouaregivenatbirthbutinmanycountriesyoucanchangeitlegallywhenyoureachadulthood.Ofcoursemostpeopleneverchangetheirnames51theyfeelunhappyaboutthem.Howeversomepeopledo52thiscourseofaction--particularlyartists!WhatmakesanartistwanttochangetheirnameSometimesit’sforpurely53reasonssuchastheNobelPrizewinningpoetfromChileNeftaliiReyes.Hedidn’twanthisfatherto54hewaswritingpoetrysohechangedhisnametoPabloNerudawhenhewasayoungman.55othertimesthereasonmayappearstrange~takethecaseofthePortuguesepoetFernandoPessoa56wroteunder75differentnames.ThereasonWhenIuseadifferentnameIalwayswriteinadifferentwayheexplained.Inmostcases57peoplechangetheirnamesforsocialhistoricalpoliticalorculturalreasons.Herearesomeofthemost58:Theperson’srealnameisjust59longanddifficulttoremember.Let’sbehonestMadonnaLouiseCicconeisnotas60torememberasjustplainMadonna.Andshortnamesaremucheasiertoremember:WilliamBradleybecameBradPittandEdsonArantesdoNascimentobecamePelt.Sometimesnamesarechangedformarketing61.Forexampleifanamesoundstooforeignitmaybechangedtosomethingthatismorerecognizableina62.SointhefilmworldRam6nEstevezadoptedthenameMartinSheen.Ormaybetheartist’srealnamedoesn’tsoundveryattractive—ChadEverettdoes63alotbetterthanRaymondCramton.Artistssometimes64thenameofsomeonetheyadmire.RobertZimmermanchangedhisnametoBooDylanbecauseofhisadmirationfortheWelshpoetDylanThomas.Anotherreasonmaybepracticality:inthepastwomenfounditverydifficulttogetpublished.To65thissituationtheysometimesgavethemselvesmen’snames.SotheEnglishauthorMaryAnnEvansbecameGeorgeEliotandshedidgetherbookspublished!
Operatunity1.OperatunityisaTVtalentshowforamateuroperasingers.ThewinnersgetthechancetosingwiththeEnglishNationalOpera.WhentwohousewivesDeniseLeighandJaneGilchristwonin2002theirliveschangedforever.AstheysangVerdi’sRigolettoattheColiseum音乐厅inRometheyweretransformedfromworkingmothersintooperacelebrities名人.2.IliveinthevillageIwasborninsaysDenisewhoisblind.Lotsofmyneighboursarefamilyandmylifeisallaboutmythreechildren.Janewhoworkedasacleanerandashopassistantwasinasimilarsituation.ShesaysAllIhadtolookforwardtowasseeingmyfourchildrengrowupandIlovethatbut..youthink’theremustbemoretolife’.WinningOperatunityhasopenedupavenuesIneverknewexisted.3.ThislastyearhasbeenamazingDenisecontinues.LastmonthwasParisbeforethatwewererecordingatAbbeyRoadinLondonandrecentlywehadouralbumlaunchattheRoyalOperaHouse.We’vebeentreatedlikeprincesseslaughsJane....champagnechocolatesfive-starhotels...4.Butitwasn’tallsoeasy.ForDenisetheworstpartwaswaitingatthebeginning.AfterI’dsentinmyapplicationformIworriedforamonth.ThenIhadtowaittendaysaftermyfirstaudition试唱.Thatwasawful.Evenwhentheywonthecompetitiontheywereallowedtotelltheirclosefamilybuttheyweren’tallowedtotellanyoneelseuntillater.DeniseandJanealsofoundthetravellingdifficult.Theycouldn’ttaketheirchildrenwiththemwhiletheywereawaysingingsotheyhadtoorganisechildcare.Howeverthere’sbeennoproblemwiththephysicalsideofsinging:Wedidn’thavetoworryaboutthataswe’vehadlotsofhelpandwonderfulvoicetrainingsaysJane.Theyalsohadtolearntodealwiththemedia.ThekidslovedthefactthattheycouldstayupandwatchusonTVbutIjustcouldn’tunderstandwhysomenewspapersweremoreinterestedinthefactIdivorcedat21ratherthanthefactIhadjustsungattheColiseumsaysDenise.A.AdviceB.LivingthenewlifeC.ThecompetitionD.BecomingfamousE.TheirlivesbeforeF.ThedifficultpartsParagraph4______
TravelAcrossAfrica1Forsixhoursweshotthroughthebarren荒芜的landscapeoftheKaroodesertinSouthAfrica.Justrocksandsandandbakingsun.KnowingourjourneywasendingDanielandIjustwantedtorememberallwehadseenanddone.Heusedacamera.Iusedwords.IhadalreadyfinishedthreenotebooksandwasintothefourthabeautifulleathernotebookI’dboughtinamarketinMozambique.2SouthernAfricawasfullofstories.Andvisions.Wewerealmostdrunkonsensations.Theroaring咆哮ofthewateratVictoriaFallstheimpossiblesilenceoftheOkavangoDeltainBotswana.3Andthentheotherthings:dogsinthestreetswholefamiliesinSowetolivinginoneroomakilometrefromcleanwater.4Aswedrovetowardsthesettingsunaquietnessfelloverus.Theroadwasempty—wehadn’tseenanothercarforhours.AndasIdrovesomethingcaughtmyeyesomethingmovingcloseenoughtotouchthemtosmelltheirhotbreath.Ididn’tknowhowlongtheyhadbeentherenexttous.5IshoutedtoDan:Look!buthewasinadeepsleephiscameralyinguselessbyhisfeet.Theyracedthecarforafewsecondsthendisappearedfarbehindusamemoryofheroicformsintheredlandscape.6WhenDanielwokeupanhourlaterItoldhimwhathadhappened.7Wildhorseshesaid.Whydidn’tyouwakemeupSophia8Itried.Buttheyweregoneafterafewseconds.9Areyousureyoudidn’tdreamit’10Youweretheonewhowassleeping!11Typicalhesaid.Thebestphotosaretheoneswenevertake.12Wecheckedintoadustyhotelandsleptthesleepofthedead.WhiledrivingDanielandSophiasawwildhorses.
ThreeWaystoBecomeMoreCreativeMostpeoplebelievetheydon’thavemuchimagination.Theyarewrong.Everyonehasimaginationbutmostofusoncewebecomeadultsforgethowtoaccessit.Creativityisn’talwaysconnectedwithgreatworksofartorideas.Peopleatworkandintheirfreetimeroutinelythinkofcreativewaystosolveproblems.Maybeyouhaveagoaltoachieveatrickyquestiontoansweroryoujustwanttoexpandyourmind!Herearethreetechniquestohelpyou.Thistechniqueinvolvestakingunrelatedideasandtryingtofindlinksbetweenthem.Firstthinkabouttheproblemyouhavetosolveorthejobyouneedtodo.Thenfindanimagewordideaorobjectforexampleacandle.Writedownalltheideas/wordsassociatedwithcandles:lightfirematcheswaxnightsilenceetc.Thinkofasmanyasyoucan.Thenextstageistorelatetheideastothejobyouhavetodo.Soimagineyouwanttobuyafriendanoriginalpresent;youcouldbuyhimticketstoamatchortakehimoutforthenight.Imaginethatnormallimitationsdon’texist.Youhaveasmuchtime/space/moneyetc.asyouwant.Thinkaboutyourgoalandthenewpossibilities.Ifforexampleyourgoalistolearntoski滑雪youcannowpracticeskiingeverydayofyourlifebecauseyouhavethetimeandthemoney.Nowadaptthistoreality.MaybeyoucanpracticeskiingeverydayinDecemberoreveryMondayinJanuary.Lookatthesituationfromadifferentpointofview.Goodnegotiators谈判者usethistechniqueinbusinessandsodowriters.Fictionwritersoftenimaginetheyarethecharactersintheirbooks.Theyaskquestions:whatdoesthischaracterwantWhycan’tshegetitWhatchangesmustshemaketogetwhatshewantsWhatdoesshedreamaboutIfyourgoalinvolvesotherpeopleputyourselfintheirshoes.Thebestfishermenthinklikefish!Accordingtothepassagewhenwebecomeadults.
TravelAcrossAfrica1Forsixhoursweshotthroughthebarren荒芜的landscapeoftheKaroodesertinSouthAfrica.Justrocksandsandandbakingsun.KnowingourjourneywasendingDanielandIjustwantedtorememberallwehadseenanddone.Heusedacamera.Iusedwords.IhadalreadyfinishedthreenotebooksandwasintothefourthabeautifulleathernotebookI’dboughtinamarketinMozambique.2SouthernAfricawasfullofstories.Andvisions.Wewerealmostdrunkonsensations.Theroaring咆哮ofthewateratVictoriaFallstheimpossiblesilenceoftheOkavangoDeltainBotswana.3Andthentheotherthings:dogsinthestreetswholefamiliesinSowetolivinginoneroomakilometrefromcleanwater.4Aswedrovetowardsthesettingsunaquietnessfelloverus.Theroadwasempty—wehadn’tseenanothercarforhours.AndasIdrovesomethingcaughtmyeyesomethingmovingcloseenoughtotouchthemtosmelltheirhotbreath.Ididn’tknowhowlongtheyhadbeentherenexttous.5IshoutedtoDan:Look!buthewasinadeepsleephiscameralyinguselessbyhisfeet.Theyracedthecarforafewsecondsthendisappearedfarbehindusamemoryofheroicformsintheredlandscape.6WhenDanielwokeupanhourlaterItoldhimwhathadhappened.7Wildhorseshesaid.Whydidn’tyouwakemeupSophia8Itried.Buttheyweregoneafterafewseconds.9Areyousureyoudidn’tdreamit’10Youweretheonewhowassleeping!11Typicalhesaid.Thebestphotosaretheoneswenevertake.12Wecheckedintoadustyhotelandsleptthesleepofthedead.SophiawokeDanielupsothathecouldtakephotosofthehorses.
TheStateofMarriageTodayIstheresomethingseriouslywrongwithmarriagetodayDuringthepast50yearstherateofdivorceintheUnitedStateshasexploded.almost50%ofmarriagesendindivorcenowandtheevidencesuggestsitisgoingtogetworse.IfthistrendcontinuesitwillleadtothebreakupofthefamilyaccordingtoaspokespersonfortheNationalFamilyAssociation.Somefuturistspredictthatin100yearstheaverageAmericanwillmarryatleastfourtimesandextramarital婚外的affairswillbeevenmorecommonthantheyarenow.Butwhatarethereasonsforthisandisthepicturereallysogloomy阴暗的Theanswertothefirstquestionisreallyquitesimple.marriageisnolongerthenecessityitoncewas.Theinstitutionofmarriagehasbeenbasedforyearspartlyoneconomicneed.Womenusedtobeeconomicallydependentontheirhusbandsastheyusuallydidn’thavejobsoutsidethehome.Butwiththerisingnumberofwomeninwell-payingjobsthisisnolongerthecasesotheydon’tfeelthattheyneedtostayinafailingmarriage.Inanswertothesecondquestiontheoutlookmaynotbeaspessimistic悲观的asitseems.Whiletherateofdivorcehasrisentherateo~couplesmarryinghasneveractuallyfallenverymuchsomarriageisstillquitepopular.Inadditiontothismanycouplesnowsimplylivetogetheranddon’tbothertomarry.Thesecouplesareeffectivelymarriedbuttheydonotappearineitherthemarriageordivorcestatistics.Infactmorethan50%offirstmarriagessurvive.SoismarriagereallyanoutdatedinstitutionThefactthatmostpeoplestillgetmarriedindicatesthatitisn’t.Andit’isalsotruethatmarriedcoupleshaveahealthierlifethansinglepeople:theysufferlessfromstressanditsconsequencessuchasheartproblemsandmarriedmengenerallyconsiderthemselvesmorecontentedthantheirsinglecounterparts.Perhapsthekeyistofindoutwhatmakesasuccessfulmarriageandapplyittoallofourrelationships!Whatdoesthisisnolongerthecaseinparagraph2mean
WhyPeopleUsePseudonyms假名字Youcan’tchoosethenameyouaregivenatbirthbutinmanycountriesyoucanchangeitlegallywhenyoureachadulthood.Ofcoursemostpeopleneverchangetheirnames51theyfeelunhappyaboutthem.Howeversomepeopledo52thiscourseofaction--particularlyartists!WhatmakesanartistwanttochangetheirnameSometimesit’sforpurely53reasonssuchastheNobelPrizewinningpoetfromChileNeftaliiReyes.Hedidn’twanthisfatherto54hewaswritingpoetrysohechangedhisnametoPabloNerudawhenhewasayoungman.55othertimesthereasonmayappearstrange~takethecaseofthePortuguesepoetFernandoPessoa56wroteunder75differentnames.ThereasonWhenIuseadifferentnameIalwayswriteinadifferentwayheexplained.Inmostcases57peoplechangetheirnamesforsocialhistoricalpoliticalorculturalreasons.Herearesomeofthemost58:Theperson’srealnameisjust59longanddifficulttoremember.Let’sbehonestMadonnaLouiseCicconeisnotas60torememberasjustplainMadonna.Andshortnamesaremucheasiertoremember:WilliamBradleybecameBradPittandEdsonArantesdoNascimentobecamePelt.Sometimesnamesarechangedformarketing61.Forexampleifanamesoundstooforeignitmaybechangedtosomethingthatismorerecognizableina62.SointhefilmworldRam6nEstevezadoptedthenameMartinSheen.Ormaybetheartist’srealnamedoesn’tsoundveryattractive—ChadEverettdoes63alotbetterthanRaymondCramton.Artistssometimes64thenameofsomeonetheyadmire.RobertZimmermanchangedhisnametoBooDylanbecauseofhisadmirationfortheWelshpoetDylanThomas.Anotherreasonmaybepracticality:inthepastwomenfounditverydifficulttogetpublished.To65thissituationtheysometimesgavethemselvesmen’snames.SotheEnglishauthorMaryAnnEvansbecameGeorgeEliotandshedidgetherbookspublished!
GreenespentabrieftimeatCambridge.
TravelAcrossAfrica1Forsixhoursweshotthroughthebarren荒芜的landscapeoftheKaroodesertinSouthAfrica.Justrocksandsandandbakingsun.KnowingourjourneywasendingDanielandIjustwantedtorememberallwehadseenanddone.Heusedacamera.Iusedwords.IhadalreadyfinishedthreenotebooksandwasintothefourthabeautifulleathernotebookI’dboughtinamarketinMozambique.2SouthernAfricawasfullofstories.Andvisions.Wewerealmostdrunkonsensations.Theroaring咆哮ofthewateratVictoriaFallstheimpossiblesilenceoftheOkavangoDeltainBotswana.3Andthentheotherthings:dogsinthestreetswholefamiliesinSowetolivinginoneroomakilometrefromcleanwater.4Aswedrovetowardsthesettingsunaquietnessfelloverus.Theroadwasempty—wehadn’tseenanothercarforhours.AndasIdrovesomethingcaughtmyeyesomethingmovingcloseenoughtotouchthemtosmelltheirhotbreath.Ididn’tknowhowlongtheyhadbeentherenexttous.5IshoutedtoDan:Look!buthewasinadeepsleephiscameralyinguselessbyhisfeet.Theyracedthecarforafewsecondsthendisappearedfarbehindusamemoryofheroicformsintheredlandscape.6WhenDanielwokeupanhourlaterItoldhimwhathadhappened.7Wildhorseshesaid.Whydidn’tyouwakemeupSophia8Itried.Buttheyweregoneafterafewseconds.9Areyousureyoudidn’tdreamit’10Youweretheonewhowassleeping!11Typicalhesaid.Thebestphotosaretheoneswenevertake.12Wecheckedintoadustyhotelandsleptthesleepofthedead.DanielandSophiadroveslowlythroughthebusydesert.
A.helpothersoutB.takecareoftheirchildrenC.dealwiththemediaD.raisetheirchildrenE.realizetheirdreamsF.seetheworldBeingcelebritiesDeniseandJanehadtolearnto______.
Theloveofmoneyistherootofallevil.
SomeUnusualCelebrationsSomeholidaysarewell-knownallaroundtheworld.AmongthemareNewYear’sEvecelebrations.AlsocommonaredaysinhonorofloveandfriendshiplikeValentine’sDay.Eachcountryhasitsownspecialholidaystoooftentomarkimportanteventsinitshistory.Schoolsbanksandgovernmentofficesallcloseondayslikethese.46Afewofthemarereallyverystrange.Ofcoursetheyarenotstrangetothepeoplewhocelebratethem.Perhapsthatisbecausethecelebrationshavelongtraditions.ConsiderAprilFool’sDayforexample.Nooneknowswhenorwhyitbegan.Todayitiscelebratedinmanycountries—FranceEnglandandAustraliaamongothers.Onthisdaypeopleplaypracticaljokes.47Theoneswholaugharetheonesplayingthejokes.Thepeopletheyfooloftengetangry.DoescelebratingthisdaymakesensetoyouDyngusDayinPolandseemsstrangetoo.Onthisdayitistraditionalforboystopourwaterovertheheadsofgirls.Hereisthestrangestpart:Theydoittogirlstheylike.Otherunusualcelebrationstakeplaceinasinglecityortown.AholidaycalledLaTomatinaiscelebratedinBunolSpain.EveryyearinlateAugustbigtruckscarrymorethan200000poundsoftomatoesintothislittletown.48Fortwohourspeopleinthestreetsthrowtomatoesateachother.Everyoneendsupredfromheadtotoe.August10marksthestartofthePuckFairanIrishfestivalwithaveryunusualtradition.PeoplefromthetownofKillorglingoupintothemountainsandcatchawildgoat.49Therearealsosomecelebrationsthatarereallystrange.IntheUnitedStatessometimesonepersongetsanideaforanewholidayandtriestogetotherstoacceptit.WhoseideawasPublicSleepingDayThatoneisonFebruary28.ItmayseemstrangebutitsoundslikemorefunthantheoneonFebruary9.50DoyouliketheideaofinventinganewholidayIfyoudothenyouwillwanttomarkMarch26onyourcalendar.ThatisMakeUpYourOwnHolidayDay.A.Theybringhimbacktotownputacrownonhisheadandmakehimkingforthreedays.B.Someofthedayspeoplecelebratehoweverarelessserious.C.ThatissupposedtobeToothacheDay.D.Thenbeginstheworld’sbiggestfoodfight.E.Somepeoplehavefunimaginingnewholidays.F.Jokesaresupposedtobefunnybutthesejokesdonotmakeeveryonelaug
ThreeWaystoBecomeMoreCreativeMostpeoplebelievetheydon’thavemuchimagination.Theyarewrong.Everyonehasimaginationbutmostofusoncewebecomeadultsforgethowtoaccessit.Creativityisn’talwaysconnectedwithgreatworksofartorideas.Peopleatworkandintheirfreetimeroutinelythinkofcreativewaystosolveproblems.Maybeyouhaveagoaltoachieveatrickyquestiontoansweroryoujustwanttoexpandyourmind!Herearethreetechniquestohelpyou.Thistechniqueinvolvestakingunrelatedideasandtryingtofindlinksbetweenthem.Firstthinkabouttheproblemyouhavetosolveorthejobyouneedtodo.Thenfindanimagewordideaorobjectforexampleacandle.Writedownalltheideas/wordsassociatedwithcandles:lightfirematcheswaxnightsilenceetc.Thinkofasmanyasyoucan.Thenextstageistorelatetheideastothejobyouhavetodo.Soimagineyouwanttobuyafriendanoriginalpresent;youcouldbuyhimticketstoamatchortakehimoutforthenight.Imaginethatnormallimitationsdon’texist.Youhaveasmuchtime/space/moneyetc.asyouwant.Thinkaboutyourgoalandthenewpossibilities.Ifforexampleyourgoalistolearntoski滑雪youcannowpracticeskiingeverydayofyourlifebecauseyouhavethetimeandthemoney.Nowadaptthistoreality.MaybeyoucanpracticeskiingeverydayinDecemberoreveryMondayinJanuary.Lookatthesituationfromadifferentpointofview.Goodnegotiators谈判者usethistechniqueinbusinessandsodowriters.Fictionwritersoftenimaginetheyarethecharactersintheirbooks.Theyaskquestions:whatdoesthischaracterwantWhycan’tshegetitWhatchangesmustshemaketogetwhatshewantsWhatdoesshedreamaboutIfyourgoalinvolvesotherpeopleputyourselfintheirshoes.Thebestfishermenthinklikefish!Welearnfromthethirdtechniquethatagoodsalesmanshouldaskhimself:
Shecanbereliedoninacrisis.
Hislong-termgoalistosetuphisownbusiness.
WhyPeopleUsePseudonyms假名字Youcan’tchoosethenameyouaregivenatbirthbutinmanycountriesyoucanchangeitlegallywhenyoureachadulthood.Ofcoursemostpeopleneverchangetheirnames51theyfeelunhappyaboutthem.Howeversomepeopledo52thiscourseofaction--particularlyartists!WhatmakesanartistwanttochangetheirnameSometimesit’sforpurely53reasonssuchastheNobelPrizewinningpoetfromChileNeftaliiReyes.Hedidn’twanthisfatherto54hewaswritingpoetrysohechangedhisnametoPabloNerudawhenhewasayoungman.55othertimesthereasonmayappearstrange~takethecaseofthePortuguesepoetFernandoPessoa56wroteunder75differentnames.ThereasonWhenIuseadifferentnameIalwayswriteinadifferentwayheexplained.Inmostcases57peoplechangetheirnamesforsocialhistoricalpoliticalorculturalreasons.Herearesomeofthemost58:Theperson’srealnameisjust59longanddifficulttoremember.Let’sbehonestMadonnaLouiseCicconeisnotas60torememberasjustplainMadonna.Andshortnamesaremucheasiertoremember:WilliamBradleybecameBradPittandEdsonArantesdoNascimentobecamePelt.Sometimesnamesarechangedformarketing61.Forexampleifanamesoundstooforeignitmaybechangedtosomethingthatismorerecognizableina62.SointhefilmworldRam6nEstevezadoptedthenameMartinSheen.Ormaybetheartist’srealnamedoesn’tsoundveryattractive—ChadEverettdoes63alotbetterthanRaymondCramton.Artistssometimes64thenameofsomeonetheyadmire.RobertZimmermanchangedhisnametoBooDylanbecauseofhisadmirationfortheWelshpoetDylanThomas.Anotherreasonmaybepracticality:inthepastwomenfounditverydifficulttogetpublished.To65thissituationtheysometimesgavethemselvesmen’snames.SotheEnglishauthorMaryAnnEvansbecameGeorgeEliotandshedidgetherbookspublished!
ThreeWaystoBecomeMoreCreativeMostpeoplebelievetheydon’thavemuchimagination.Theyarewrong.Everyonehasimaginationbutmostofusoncewebecomeadultsforgethowtoaccessit.Creativityisn’talwaysconnectedwithgreatworksofartorideas.Peopleatworkandintheirfreetimeroutinelythinkofcreativewaystosolveproblems.Maybeyouhaveagoaltoachieveatrickyquestiontoansweroryoujustwanttoexpandyourmind!Herearethreetechniquestohelpyou.Thistechniqueinvolvestakingunrelatedideasandtryingtofindlinksbetweenthem.Firstthinkabouttheproblemyouhavetosolveorthejobyouneedtodo.Thenfindanimagewordideaorobjectforexampleacandle.Writedownalltheideas/wordsassociatedwithcandles:lightfirematcheswaxnightsilenceetc.Thinkofasmanyasyoucan.Thenextstageistorelatetheideastothejobyouhavetodo.Soimagineyouwanttobuyafriendanoriginalpresent;youcouldbuyhimticketstoamatchortakehimoutforthenight.Imaginethatnormallimitationsdon’texist.Youhaveasmuchtime/space/moneyetc.asyouwant.Thinkaboutyourgoalandthenewpossibilities.Ifforexampleyourgoalistolearntoski滑雪youcannowpracticeskiingeverydayofyourlifebecauseyouhavethetimeandthemoney.Nowadaptthistoreality.MaybeyoucanpracticeskiingeverydayinDecemberoreveryMondayinJanuary.Lookatthesituationfromadifferentpointofview.Goodnegotiators谈判者usethistechniqueinbusinessandsodowriters.Fictionwritersoftenimaginetheyarethecharactersintheirbooks.Theyaskquestions:whatdoesthischaracterwantWhycan’tshegetitWhatchangesmustshemaketogetwhatshewantsWhatdoesshedreamaboutIfyourgoalinvolvesotherpeopleputyourselfintheirshoes.Thebestfishermenthinklikefish!Thesecondtechniquesuggeststhatyoujustimagine
TheStateofMarriageTodayIstheresomethingseriouslywrongwithmarriagetodayDuringthepast50yearstherateofdivorceintheUnitedStateshasexploded.almost50%ofmarriagesendindivorcenowandtheevidencesuggestsitisgoingtogetworse.IfthistrendcontinuesitwillleadtothebreakupofthefamilyaccordingtoaspokespersonfortheNationalFamilyAssociation.Somefuturistspredictthatin100yearstheaverageAmericanwillmarryatleastfourtimesandextramarital婚外的affairswillbeevenmorecommonthantheyarenow.Butwhatarethereasonsforthisandisthepicturereallysogloomy阴暗的Theanswertothefirstquestionisreallyquitesimple.marriageisnolongerthenecessityitoncewas.Theinstitutionofmarriagehasbeenbasedforyearspartlyoneconomicneed.Womenusedtobeeconomicallydependentontheirhusbandsastheyusuallydidn’thavejobsoutsidethehome.Butwiththerisingnumberofwomeninwell-payingjobsthisisnolongerthecasesotheydon’tfeelthattheyneedtostayinafailingmarriage.Inanswertothesecondquestiontheoutlookmaynotbeaspessimistic悲观的asitseems.Whiletherateofdivorcehasrisentherateo~couplesmarryinghasneveractuallyfallenverymuchsomarriageisstillquitepopular.Inadditiontothismanycouplesnowsimplylivetogetheranddon’tbothertomarry.Thesecouplesareeffectivelymarriedbuttheydonotappearineitherthemarriageordivorcestatistics.Infactmorethan50%offirstmarriagessurvive.SoismarriagereallyanoutdatedinstitutionThefactthatmostpeoplestillgetmarriedindicatesthatitisn’t.Andit’isalsotruethatmarriedcoupleshaveahealthierlifethansinglepeople:theysufferlessfromstressanditsconsequencessuchasheartproblemsandmarriedmengenerallyconsiderthemselvesmorecontentedthantheirsinglecounterparts.Perhapsthekeyistofindoutwhatmakesasuccessfulmarriageandapplyittoallofourrelationships!Howdomostmenfeelintheirmarriagelife
TravelAcrossAfrica1Forsixhoursweshotthroughthebarren荒芜的landscapeoftheKaroodesertinSouthAfrica.Justrocksandsandandbakingsun.KnowingourjourneywasendingDanielandIjustwantedtorememberallwehadseenanddone.Heusedacamera.Iusedwords.IhadalreadyfinishedthreenotebooksandwasintothefourthabeautifulleathernotebookI’dboughtinamarketinMozambique.2SouthernAfricawasfullofstories.Andvisions.Wewerealmostdrunkonsensations.Theroaring咆哮ofthewateratVictoriaFallstheimpossiblesilenceoftheOkavangoDeltainBotswana.3Andthentheotherthings:dogsinthestreetswholefamiliesinSowetolivinginoneroomakilometrefromcleanwater.4Aswedrovetowardsthesettingsunaquietnessfelloverus.Theroadwasempty—wehadn’tseenanothercarforhours.AndasIdrovesomethingcaughtmyeyesomethingmovingcloseenoughtotouchthemtosmelltheirhotbreath.Ididn’tknowhowlongtheyhadbeentherenexttous.5IshoutedtoDan:Look!buthewasinadeepsleephiscameralyinguselessbyhisfeet.Theyracedthecarforafewsecondsthendisappearedfarbehindusamemoryofheroicformsintheredlandscape.6WhenDanielwokeupanhourlaterItoldhimwhathadhappened.7Wildhorseshesaid.Whydidn’tyouwakemeupSophia8Itried.Buttheyweregoneafterafewseconds.9Areyousureyoudidn’tdreamit’10Youweretheonewhowassleeping!11Typicalhesaid.Thebestphotosaretheoneswenevertake.12Wecheckedintoadustyhotelandsleptthesleepofthedead.DanieltookphotosoftheNileRiver.
Theyconvertedthesparebedroomintoanoffice.
SomeUnusualCelebrationsSomeholidaysarewell-knownallaroundtheworld.AmongthemareNewYear’sEvecelebrations.AlsocommonaredaysinhonorofloveandfriendshiplikeValentine’sDay.Eachcountryhasitsownspecialholidaystoooftentomarkimportanteventsinitshistory.Schoolsbanksandgovernmentofficesallcloseondayslikethese.46Afewofthemarereallyverystrange.Ofcoursetheyarenotstrangetothepeoplewhocelebratethem.Perhapsthatisbecausethecelebrationshavelongtraditions.ConsiderAprilFool’sDayforexample.Nooneknowswhenorwhyitbegan.Todayitiscelebratedinmanycountries—FranceEnglandandAustraliaamongothers.Onthisdaypeopleplaypracticaljokes.47Theoneswholaugharetheonesplayingthejokes.Thepeopletheyfooloftengetangry.DoescelebratingthisdaymakesensetoyouDyngusDayinPolandseemsstrangetoo.Onthisdayitistraditionalforboystopourwaterovertheheadsofgirls.Hereisthestrangestpart:Theydoittogirlstheylike.Otherunusualcelebrationstakeplaceinasinglecityortown.AholidaycalledLaTomatinaiscelebratedinBunolSpain.EveryyearinlateAugustbigtruckscarrymorethan200000poundsoftomatoesintothislittletown.48Fortwohourspeopleinthestreetsthrowtomatoesateachother.Everyoneendsupredfromheadtotoe.August10marksthestartofthePuckFairanIrishfestivalwithaveryunusualtradition.PeoplefromthetownofKillorglingoupintothemountainsandcatchawildgoat.49Therearealsosomecelebrationsthatarereallystrange.IntheUnitedStatessometimesonepersongetsanideaforanewholidayandtriestogetotherstoacceptit.WhoseideawasPublicSleepingDayThatoneisonFebruary28.ItmayseemstrangebutitsoundslikemorefunthantheoneonFebruary9.50DoyouliketheideaofinventinganewholidayIfyoudothenyouwillwanttomarkMarch26onyourcalendar.ThatisMakeUpYourOwnHolidayDay.A.Theybringhimbacktotownputacrownonhisheadandmakehimkingforthreedays.B.Someofthedayspeoplecelebratehoweverarelessserious.C.ThatissupposedtobeToothacheDay.D.Thenbeginstheworld’sbiggestfoodfight.E.Somepeoplehavefunimaginingnewholidays.F.Jokesaresupposedtobefunnybutthesejokesdonotmakeeveryonelaug
SomeUnusualCelebrationsSomeholidaysarewell-knownallaroundtheworld.AmongthemareNewYear’sEvecelebrations.AlsocommonaredaysinhonorofloveandfriendshiplikeValentine’sDay.Eachcountryhasitsownspecialholidaystoooftentomarkimportanteventsinitshistory.Schoolsbanksandgovernmentofficesallcloseondayslikethese.46Afewofthemarereallyverystrange.Ofcoursetheyarenotstrangetothepeoplewhocelebratethem.Perhapsthatisbecausethecelebrationshavelongtraditions.ConsiderAprilFool’sDayforexample.Nooneknowswhenorwhyitbegan.Todayitiscelebratedinmanycountries—FranceEnglandandAustraliaamongothers.Onthisdaypeopleplaypracticaljokes.47Theoneswholaugharetheonesplayingthejokes.Thepeopletheyfooloftengetangry.DoescelebratingthisdaymakesensetoyouDyngusDayinPolandseemsstrangetoo.Onthisdayitistraditionalforboystopourwaterovertheheadsofgirls.Hereisthestrangestpart:Theydoittogirlstheylike.Otherunusualcelebrationstakeplaceinasinglecityortown.AholidaycalledLaTomatinaiscelebratedinBunolSpain.EveryyearinlateAugustbigtruckscarrymorethan200000poundsoftomatoesintothislittletown.48Fortwohourspeopleinthestreetsthrowtomatoesateachother.Everyoneendsupredfromheadtotoe.August10marksthestartofthePuckFairanIrishfestivalwithaveryunusualtradition.PeoplefromthetownofKillorglingoupintothemountainsandcatchawildgoat.49Therearealsosomecelebrationsthatarereallystrange.IntheUnitedStatessometimesonepersongetsanideaforanewholidayandtriestogetotherstoacceptit.WhoseideawasPublicSleepingDayThatoneisonFebruary28.ItmayseemstrangebutitsoundslikemorefunthantheoneonFebruary9.50DoyouliketheideaofinventinganewholidayIfyoudothenyouwillwanttomarkMarch26onyourcalendar.ThatisMakeUpYourOwnHolidayDay.A.Theybringhimbacktotownputacrownonhisheadandmakehimkingforthreedays.B.Someofthedayspeoplecelebratehoweverarelessserious.C.ThatissupposedtobeToothacheDay.D.Thenbeginstheworld’sbiggestfoodfight.E.Somepeoplehavefunimaginingnewholidays.F.Jokesaresupposedtobefunnybutthesejokesdonotmakeeveryonelaug
A.helpothersoutB.takecareoftheirchildrenC.dealwiththemediaD.raisetheirchildrenE.realizetheirdreamsF.seetheworldBeforebecomingfamousDeniseandJaneworkedinorderto______.
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